Table 2. Long run labor productivity, unit labor costs, and related data
| Industry | 2012 NAICS code | 2014 Employment (thousands) | Average annual percent change, 1987-2014 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Labor productivity | Unit labor costs | Output | Hours worked | Labor compensation | |||
Utilities |
|||||||
Utilities |
22 | 551.5 | 2.4 | 1.4 | 1.5 | -0.8 | 2.9 |
Utilities |
221 | 551.5 | 2.4 | 1.4 | 1.5 | -0.8 | 2.9 |
Power generation and supply |
2211 | 391.4 | 3.3 | 0.5 | 2.2 | -1.0 | 2.7 |
Natural gas distribution |
2212 | 111.9 | 0.8 | 3.7 | -0.3 | -1.1 | 3.4 |
Water, sewage and other systems |
2213 | 48.2 | -1.7 | 4.8 | 0.8 | 2.6 | 5.7 |
Transportation and Warehousing |
|||||||
Air transportation |
481 | 422.8 | 3.2 | 0.4 | 2.6 | -0.6 | 3.0 |
Line-haul railroads |
482111 | 187.4 | 3.7 | -0.4 | 2.1 | -1.5 | 1.7 |
Truck transportation(1) |
484 | 1632.3 | 0.6 | 0.8 | 2.0 | 1.5 | 2.9 |
General freight trucking(1) |
4841 | 1163.2 | 1.1 | 0.9 | 2.4 | 1.2 | 3.3 |
General freight trucking, local(1) |
48411 | 303.2 | 2.6 | 0.1 | 3.7 | 1.1 | 3.8 |
General freight trucking, long-distance |
48412 | 860 | 1.2 | 0.3 | 2.3 | 1.0 | 2.6 |
Specialized freight trucking(2) |
4842 | 469.1 | 0.7 | 1.8 | 2.2 | 1.5 | 4.1 |
Used household and office goods moving |
48421 | 97 | -1.0 | 2.6 | -0.3 | 0.6 | 2.2 |
Other specialized trucking, local(2) |
48422 | 236.8 | -0.1 | 2.6 | 2.1 | 2.2 | 4.7 |
Other specialized trucking, long-distance(2) |
48423 | 135 | 1.8 | 0.8 | 4.0 | 2.1 | 4.9 |
Postal service |
491 | 593 | 0.6 | 3.2 | -0.6 | -1.3 | 2.5 |
Postal service |
4911 | 593 | 0.6 | 3.2 | -0.6 | -1.3 | 2.5 |
Couriers and messengers |
492 | 606.3 | -1.9 | 3.5 | 0.3 | 2.2 | 3.8 |
Warehousing and storage(1) |
493 | 752.7 | 2.6 | -0.5 | 5.9 | 3.2 | 5.4 |
Warehousing and storage(1) |
4931 | 752.7 | 2.6 | -0.5 | 5.9 | 3.2 | 5.4 |
General warehousing and storage(1) |
49311 | 646.8 | 3.9 | -1.4 | 7.4 | 3.3 | 5.9 |
Refrigerated warehousing and storage(1) |
49312 | 52 | 0.0 | 1.4 | 2.8 | 2.8 | 4.3 |
Information |
|||||||
Publishing |
511 | 753.5 | 4.0 | 1.3 | 3.5 | -0.5 | 4.8 |
Newspaper, book, and directory publishers |
5111 | 438 | -0.2 | 4.3 | -2.5 | -2.3 | 1.7 |
Newspaper publishers |
51111 | 211.3 | -1.2 | 4.4 | -4.2 | -3.0 | 0.0 |
Periodical publishers |
51112 | 111.3 | -0.4 | 4.9 | -1.5 | -1.1 | 3.4 |
Book publishers |
51113 | 69.1 | 0.0 | 4.8 | -0.8 | -0.8 | 3.9 |
Software publishers |
5112 | 315.5 | 12.3 | -6.4 | 18.8 | 5.8 | 11.1 |
Motion picture and video exhibition |
51213 | 132 | 1.7 | 1.9 | 1.6 | -0.2 | 3.5 |
Broadcasting, except Internet |
515 | 287.8 | 2.8 | 1.8 | 2.9 | 0.1 | 4.7 |
Radio and television broadcasting |
5151 | 224 | 1.8 | 2.1 | 1.5 | -0.3 | 3.7 |
Radio broadcasting |
51511 | 92.1 | 3.4 | 1.8 | 2.4 | -0.9 | 4.2 |
Cable and other subscription programming |
5152 | 63.8 | 4.9 | 2.6 | 7.0 | 2.0 | 9.7 |
Wired telecommunications carriers |
5171 | 608 | 3.6 | -1.1 | 2.8 | -0.8 | 1.6 |
Wireless telecommunications carriers |
5172 | 149.6 | 11.2 | -6.3 | 19.4 | 7.4 | 11.9 |
Finance and Insurance |
|||||||
Commercial banking |
52211 | 1292.8 | 3.3 | 2.0 | 3.2 | -0.1 | 5.2 |
Real Estate and Rental and Leasing |
|||||||
Passenger car rental |
532111 | 114.7 | 1.7 | 2.3 | 2.4 | 0.7 | 4.8 |
Truck, trailer, and RV rental and leasing |
53212 | 65.6 | 2.5 | 0.9 | 2.4 | -0.1 | 3.3 |
Video tape and disc rental |
53223 | 17.5 | 6.4 | -2.0 | -0.8 | -6.7 | -2.8 |
Professional and Technical Services |
|||||||
Accounting and bookkeeping services(3) |
5412 | 1098.9 | 2.6 | 1.0 | 3.2 | 0.6 | 4.2 |
Accounting and bookkeeping services(3) |
54121 | 1098.9 | 2.6 | 1.0 | 3.2 | 0.6 | 4.2 |
Offices of certified public accountants(3) |
541211 | 449.5 | 1.8 | 2.4 | 2.8 | 0.9 | 5.2 |
Tax preparation services |
541213 | 131.4 | 0.8 | 1.7 | 2.4 | 1.6 | 4.1 |
Other accounting services(3) |
541219 | 338.7 | 4.7 | -2.3 | 4.8 | 0.1 | 2.4 |
Architectural services |
54131 | 182.6 | 1.5 | 1.9 | 2.3 | 0.8 | 4.2 |
Engineering services |
54133 | 947.6 | 1.1 | 3.0 | 2.8 | 1.7 | 5.9 |
Advertising agencies |
54181 | 206.7 | 1.7 | 2.5 | 2.1 | 0.5 | 4.6 |
Photography studios, portrait |
541921 | 60 | 0.6 | 2.1 | 1.0 | 0.4 | 3.1 |
Administrative and Waste Services |
|||||||
Employment placement and executive search(4) |
56131 | 303 | 3.9 | 0.3 | 5.1 | 1.2 | 5.5 |
Travel arrangement and reservation services(3) |
5615 | 214.8 | 6.7 | -1.6 | 3.6 | -2.9 | 1.9 |
Travel agencies |
56151 | 97.4 | 5.7 | -1.0 | 4.2 | -1.4 | 3.2 |
Janitorial services |
56172 | 1323.3 | 2.0 | 1.4 | 3.6 | 1.6 | 5.0 |
Health Care and Social Assistance |
|||||||
Medical and diagnostic laboratories(4) |
6215 | 261.8 | 2.2 | 0.3 | 5.3 | 3.0 | 5.6 |
Medical laboratories(4) |
621511 | 185.2 | 2.1 | 0.2 | 5.3 | 3.1 | 5.5 |
Diagnostic imaging centers(4) |
621512 | 76.6 | 2.4 | 0.7 | 5.4 | 2.9 | 6.1 |
Hospitals, except psychiatric and substance abuse hospitals(5) |
6221,3 | 4670.9 | 0.5 | 3.5 | 2.1 | 1.6 | 5.6 |
Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation |
|||||||
Amusement parks and arcades(6) |
7131 | 189.7 | -4.3 | 6.7 | -1.7 | 2.7 | 4.9 |
Amusement and theme parks |
71311 | 169.1 | -1.2 | 4.3 | 1.8 | 3.0 | 6.2 |
Gambling industries(3) |
7132 | 138.6 | 1.9 | 2.7 | 1.9 | 0.0 | 4.6 |
Golf courses and country clubs(2) |
71391 | 381.3 | -1.2 | 4.1 | 0.0 | 1.3 | 4.1 |
Fitness and recreational sports centers(2) |
71394 | 580.9 | 3.9 | -0.8 | 3.9 | 0.0 | 3.1 |
Bowling centers |
71395 | 69.4 | 0.1 | 2.8 | -1.4 | -1.5 | 1.4 |
Accommodation and Food Services |
|||||||
Accommodation and food services |
72 | 12851.4 | 0.7 | 2.7 | 2.2 | 1.5 | 5.0 |
Accommodation |
721 | 1937.2 | 2.1 | 1.7 | 2.7 | 0.7 | 4.5 |
Traveler accommodation |
7211 | 1853.9 | 2.1 | 1.7 | 2.8 | 0.7 | 4.5 |
Hotels and motels, except casino hotels |
72111 | 1540.1 | 1.5 | 2.5 | 2.1 | 0.6 | 4.6 |
Food services and drinking places |
722 | 10914.2 | 0.4 | 3.1 | 2.0 | 1.6 | 5.1 |
Special food services |
7223 | 766.4 | 1.0 | 1.3 | 2.3 | 1.3 | 3.6 |
Drinking places, alcoholic beverages |
7224 | 376 | -0.5 | 3.3 | -0.8 | -0.3 | 2.6 |
Restaurants and other eating places |
72251 | 9771.8 | 0.4 | 3.3 | 2.2 | 1.8 | 5.5 |
Full-service restaurants |
722511 | 5083.7 | 0.5 | 3.7 | 2.2 | 1.7 | 5.9 |
Limited-service eating places |
722513,4,5 | 4688.1 | 0.3 | 2.8 | 2.1 | 1.8 | 5.0 |
Other Services |
|||||||
Automotive repair and maintenance |
8111 | 1113.1 | 0.9 | 2.3 | 1.3 | 0.4 | 3.7 |
Reupholstery and furniture repair |
81142 | 21.1 | -0.5 | 3.6 | -2.7 | -2.2 | 0.7 |
Personal care services |
8121 | 1189.1 | 2.4 | 1.6 | 3.5 | 1.1 | 5.1 |
Hair, nail, and skin care services |
81211 | 963 | 2.4 | 1.6 | 3.1 | 0.7 | 4.8 |
Funeral homes and funeral services |
81221 | 113.7 | -0.9 | 4.6 | -0.4 | 0.5 | 4.1 |
Drycleaning and laundry services |
8123 | 317.5 | 1.9 | 1.7 | 0.9 | -1.0 | 2.6 |
Coin-operated laundries and drycleaners |
81231 | 42.8 | 2.9 | 1.8 | 0.6 | -2.3 | 2.4 |
Drycleaning and laundry services |
81232 | 149.2 | 0.9 | 2.1 | -1.0 | -1.9 | 1.0 |
Linen and uniform supply |
81233 | 125.5 | 1.8 | 1.4 | 2.7 | 0.8 | 4.1 |
Photofinishing |
81292 | 11.8 | 2.5 | 1.8 | -4.4 | -6.7 | -2.7 |
Footnotes: |
|||||||
(1) For NAICS industries 484, 4841, 48411, 493, 4931, 49311, 49312, average annual percent changes are for 1992-2014. |
|||||||
(2) For NAICS industries 4842, 48422, 48423, 71391 and 71394, average annual percent changes are for 2002-2014. |
|||||||
(3) For NAICS industries 5412, 54121, 541211, 541219, 5615, and 7132, average annual percent changes are for 1997-2014. |
|||||||
(4) For NAICS industries 56131, 6215, 621511, and 621512, average annual percent changes are for 1994-2014. |
|||||||
(5) For NAICS industry 6221,3, average annual percent changes are for 1993-2012. Employment is for 2012. |
|||||||
(6) For NAICS industry 7131, average annual percent changes are for 2007-2014. |
|||||||