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Economic News Release
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Table 2. Long run labor productivity, unit labor costs, and related data

Table 2. Long run labor productivity, unit labor costs, and related data
Industry 2017 NAICS code 2024
Employment
(thousands)
Annual percent change, 1987-2024
Labor productivity Unit labor costs Output Hours
worked
Labor compen-
sation
Hourly compen-
sation

Utilities

Utilities

22

591.3 1.8 1.9 1.3 -0.4 3.2 3.7

Utilities

221

591.3 1.8 1.9 1.3 -0.4 3.2 3.7

Power generation and supply

2211

413.1 2.3 1.3 1.6 -0.6 3.0 3.7

Natural gas distribution

2212

116.1 1.1 2.9 0.6 -0.4 3.5 4.0

Water, sewage and other systems

2213

62.1 -1.4 4.8 0.9 2.3 5.8 3.4

Transportation and Warehousing

Air transportation

481

563.2 1.9 1.6 2.6 0.7 4.3 3.6

Line-haul railroads

482111

143.9 3.1 0.2 1.3 -1.7 1.5 3.3

Truck transportation(1)

484

1,727.3 0.9 1.7 1.9 1.1 3.7 2.6

General freight trucking(1)

4841

1,253.0 1.2 1.3 2.2 1.0 3.5 2.5

General freight trucking, local(1)

48411

356.1 2.5 0.6 3.6 1.1 4.3 3.2

General freight trucking, long-distance

48412

896.9 1.3 1.4 2.0 0.7 3.5 2.7

Specialized freight trucking(2)

4842

474.3 1.1 2.1 1.8 0.6 3.9 3.2

Postal service(3)

491

606.6 -0.6 3.7 -1.2 -0.6 2.5 3.1

Postal service(3)

4911

606.6 -0.6 3.7 -1.2 -0.6 2.5 3.1

Couriers and messengers

492

1,336.9 -2.6 5.8 0.6 3.3 6.5 3.1

Warehousing and storage(1)

493

1,861.8 0.0 2.5 4.8 4.7 7.4 2.5

Warehousing and storage(1)

4931

1,861.8 0.0 2.5 4.8 4.7 7.4 2.5

Information

Publishing

511

890.6 4.1 1.4 4.3 0.2 5.7 5.6

Newspaper, book, and directory publishers

5111

243.0 0.8 3.4 -2.6 -3.4 0.7 4.2

Newspaper publishers

51111

89.9 0.4 3.2 -4.2 -4.5 -1.1 3.6

Periodical publishers

51112

69.0 0.7 3.5 -1.5 -2.2 2.0 4.3

Software publishers

5112

647.6 9.4 -4.2 16.2 6.1 11.3 4.8

Broadcasting, except Internet

515

236.6 3.4 0.7 3.0 -0.4 3.6 4.1

Radio and television broadcasting

5151

190.2 2.7 1.2 2.1 -0.7 3.3 4.0

Cable and other subscription programming

5152

46.4 5.1 -0.6 5.6 0.5 5.0 4.4

Wired and wireless telecommunications carriers

5173

540.4 5.8 -2.2 4.7 -1.1 2.3 3.5

Wired telecommunications carriers

517311

455.1 3.1 0.4 1.5 -1.5 2.0 3.5

Wireless telecommunications carriers

517312

85.3 10.8 -8.1 15.2 4.0 5.9 1.9

Finance and Insurance

Commercial banking

52211

1,376.7 2.6 2.4 2.4 -0.1 4.9 5.1

Real Estate and Rental and Leasing

Truck, trailer, and RV rental and leasing

53212

95.3 2.5 1.4 2.9 0.4 4.4 4.0

Professional and Technical Services

Accounting and bookkeeping services(4)

5412

1,315.9 1.7 2.1 2.5 0.8 4.6 3.8

Accounting and bookkeeping services(4)

54121

1,315.9 1.7 2.1 2.5 0.8 4.6 3.8

Engineering services

54133

1,205.2 1.1 2.8 2.8 1.7 5.7 3.9

Administrative and Waste Services

Travel arrangement and reservation services(4)

5615

234.4 7.0 -1.5 5.0 -1.8 3.5 5.4

Health Care and Social Assistance

Medical and diagnostic laboratories(5)

6215

325.1 2.4 0.5 5.2 2.7 5.7 2.9

Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation

Amusement parks and arcades(6)

7131

236.2 -0.4 4.1 1.0 1.5 5.2 3.6

Gambling industries(4)

7132

133.2 3.2 1.7 2.9 -0.3 4.6 5.0

Accommodation and Food Services

Accommodation

721

1,953.4 1.8 2.0 2.4 0.5 4.4 3.8

Traveler accommodation

7211

1,862.0 1.9 1.9 2.4 0.5 4.4 3.9

Food services and drinking places

722

12,494.4 0.8 2.9 2.3 1.5 5.3 3.7

Restaurants and other eating places

72251

11,121.0 0.9 3.0 2.4 1.6 5.5 3.9

Full-service restaurants

722511

5,410.0 1.1 3.1 2.5 1.4 5.7 4.2

Limited-service eating places

722513,4,5

5,711.0 0.6 3.0 2.4 1.8 5.4 3.6

Other Services

Automotive repair and maintenance

8111

1,282.3 0.7 2.8 1.3 0.6 4.1 3.5

Drycleaning and laundry services

8123

272.6 1.7 1.8 0.7 -1.0 2.6 3.6

Footnotes
(1) For NAICS industries 484, 4841, 48411, 493, and 4931, annual percent changes are for 1992-2024.
(2) For NAICS industry 4842, annual percent changes are for 2002-2024.
(3) For NAICS industries 491 and 4911, annual percent changes are for the fiscal year ending in September.
(4) For NAICS industries 5412, 54121, 5615, and 7132, annual percent changes are for 1997-2024.
(5) For NAICS industry 6215, annual percent changes are for 1994-2024.
(6) For NAICS industry 7131, annual percent changes are for 2007-2024.

Last Modified Date: June 26, 2025