From June 2023 to September 2023, gross job losses from closing and contracting private-sector establishments in Hawaii were 34,974, while gross job gains from opening and expanding private-sector establishments were 27,109, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Regional Commissioner Chris Rosenlund noted that the difference between the number of gross job losses and the number of gross job gains yielded a net employment loss of 7,865 jobs in the private sector during the third quarter of 2023. During the previous quarter, gross job gains exceeded gross job losses by 2,329. (See chart 1.)

The change in the number of jobs over time is the net result of increases and decreases in employment that occur at all private businesses in the economy. Business Employment Dynamics (BED) statistics track these changes in employment at private-sector establishments from the third month of one quarter to the third month of the next. The difference between the number of gross job gains and the number of gross job losses is the net change in employment. (See the Business Employment Dynamics Technical Note.)

Gross job gains

In the third quarter of 2023, gross job gains represented 5.3 percent of private-sector employment in Hawaii; nationally, gross job gains accounted for 5.8 percent of private-sector employment. (See chart 2.) Gross job gains are the sum of increases in employment due to expansions at existing establishments and the addition of new jobs at opening establishments. In Hawaii, gross job gains at expanding establishments totaled 22,568 in the third quarter of 2023, a decrease of 1,162 jobs compared to the previous quarter. (See table 1.) Opening establishments accounted for 4,541 jobs gained in the third quarter of 2023, a decrease of 880 jobs from the previous quarter.

Gross job losses

In the third quarter of 2023, gross job losses represented 6.9 percent of private-sector employment in Hawaii; nationally, gross job losses accounted for 5.9 percent of private-sector employment. (See chart 3.) Gross job losses are the result of contractions in employment at existing establishments and the loss of jobs at closing establishments. In Hawaii, contracting establishments lost 27,017 jobs in the third quarter of 2023, an increase of 4,980 jobs from the prior quarter. Closing establishments lost 7,957 jobs, an increase of 3,172 jobs from the previous quarter.

Industries

Gross job losses exceeded gross job gains in 6 of the 7 published industry sectors in Hawaii in the third quarter of 2023. Leisure and hospitality had the largest over-the-quarter net job decrease, with a loss of 4,214 jobs. This was the result of 9,848 gross job losses and 5,634 gross job gains. The professional and business services industry had a net loss of 1,012 jobs. Education and health services showed a net gain of 1,318 jobs.

For more information

The BED data series include gross job gains and gross job losses by industry subsector, for the 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands, as well as gross job gains and gross job losses at the firm level by employer size class. BED data for the states have been included in table 2 of this release. Additional information is available online at the Business Employment Dynamics Home.

The Business Employment Dynamics for Fourth Quarter 2023 are scheduled to be released on Wednesday, July 24, 2024.

Technical Note

The Business Employment Dynamics (BED) data are a product of a federal-state cooperative program known as Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW). The BED data are compiled by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) from existing QCEW records.

More information on formal definitions of the data used in this release, along with coverage, concepts, and methodology, can be found in the Business Employment Dynamics Technical Note.

Information in this release will be made available to individuals with sensory impairments upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Telecommunications Relay Service: 7-1-1.

Table 1. Private sector gross job gains and losses by industry, Hawaii, seasonally adjusted

Category	Gross job gains and losses (3 months ended)					Gross job gains and losses as a percent of employment (3 months ended)
	Sept. 2022	Dec. 2022	Mar. 2023	June 2023	Sept. 2023	Sept. 2022	Dec. 2022	Mar. 2023	June 2023	Sept. 2023
Total private (1)
Gross job gains	32,013	30,578	28,383	29,151	27,109	6.4	6.0	5.5	5.7	5.3
At expanding establishments	26,143	24,945	23,514	23,730	22,568	5.2	4.9	4.6	4.6	4.4
At opening establishments	5,870	5,633	4,869	5,421	4,541	1.2	1.1	0.9	1.1	0.9
Gross job losses	24,742	24,784	25,797	26,822	34,974	4.9	4.9	5.0	5.2	6.9
At contracting establishments	19,981	20,133	21,654	22,037	27,017	4.0	4.0	4.2	4.3	5.3
At closing establishments	4,761	4,651	4,143	4,785	7,957	0.9	0.9	0.8	0.9	1.6
Net employment change (2)	7,271	5,794	2,586	2,329	-7,865	1.5	1.1	0.5	0.5	-1.6
Construction
Gross job gains	2,746	2,842	2,961	2,968	2,689	7.5	7.7	8.0	7.9	7.2
At expanding establishments	2,390	2,436	2,525	2,590	2,322	6.5	6.6	6.8	6.9	6.2
At opening establishments	356	406	436	378	367	1.0	1.1	1.2	1.0	1.0
Gross job losses	2,371	2,700	2,578	2,839	3,085	6.5	7.4	6.9	7.5	8.2
At contracting establishments	2,070	2,198	2,234	2,368	2,481	5.7	6.0	6.0	6.3	6.6
At closing establishments	301	502	344	471	604	0.8	1.4	0.9	1.2	1.6
Net employment change (2)	375	142	383	129	-396	1.0	0.3	1.1	0.4	-1.0
Retail trade
Gross job gains	4,117	2,735	3,081	3,366	3,224	6.4	4.3	4.8	5.1	5.0
At expanding establishments	3,615	2,316	2,838	3,027	2,837	5.6	3.6	4.4	4.6	4.4
At opening establishments	502	419	243	339	387	0.8	0.7	0.4	0.5	0.6
Gross job losses	3,284	3,160	2,622	3,175	4,061	5.1	4.9	4.1	4.9	6.2
At contracting establishments	2,689	2,887	2,244	2,856	3,065	4.2	4.5	3.5	4.4	4.7
At closing establishments	595	273	378	319	996	0.9	0.4	0.6	0.5	1.5
Net employment change (2)	833	-425	459	191	-837	1.3	-0.6	0.7	0.2	-1.2
Financial activities
Gross job gains	1,457	1,216	1,206	1,380	1,148	5.3	4.4	4.4	5.0	4.2
At expanding establishments	1,188	999	929	1,162	929	4.3	3.6	3.4	4.2	3.4
At opening establishments	269	217	277	218	219	1.0	0.8	1.0	0.8	0.8
Gross job losses	1,373	1,374	1,216	1,311	1,639	5.0	5.0	4.5	4.8	6.0
At contracting establishments	1,015	1,124	925	947	1,264	3.7	4.1	3.4	3.5	4.6
At closing establishments	358	250	291	364	375	1.3	0.9	1.1	1.3	1.4
Net employment change (2)	84	-158	-10	69	-491	0.3	-0.6	-0.1	0.2	-1.8
Professional and business services
Gross job gains	4,385	4,092	3,803	4,284	4,193	6.2	5.7	5.3	6.0	5.9
At expanding establishments	3,457	3,306	3,062	3,587	3,440	4.9	4.6	4.3	5.0	4.8
At opening establishments	928	786	741	697	753	1.3	1.1	1.0	1.0	1.1
Gross job losses	4,083	3,787	3,583	3,606	5,205	5.7	5.3	5.0	5.0	7.3
At contracting establishments	3,122	2,900	2,796	2,600	3,961	4.4	4.1	3.9	3.6	5.6
At closing establishments	961	887	787	1,006	1,244	1.3	1.2	1.1	1.4	1.7
Net employment change (2)	302	305	220	678	-1,012	0.5	0.4	0.3	1.0	-1.4
Education and health services
Gross job gains	4,455	4,464	3,938	4,297	4,524	5.3	5.1	4.5	4.9	5.1
At expanding establishments	3,806	3,908	3,558	3,492	3,969	4.5	4.5	4.1	4.0	4.5
At opening establishments	649	556	380	805	555	0.8	0.6	0.4	0.9	0.6
Gross job losses	3,034	3,609	3,978	4,393	3,206	3.6	4.1	4.6	5.1	3.7
At contracting establishments	2,393	3,059	3,453	3,742	2,601	2.8	3.5	4.0	4.3	3.0
At closing establishments	641	550	525	651	605	0.8	0.6	0.6	0.8	0.7
Net employment change (2)	1,421	855	-40	-96	1,318	1.7	1.0	-0.1	-0.2	1.4
Leisure and hospitality
Gross job gains	7,941	6,536	5,962	6,642	5,634	7.0	5.7	5.1	5.7	4.8
At expanding establishments	6,434	5,379	5,148	5,723	4,719	5.7	4.7	4.4	4.9	4.0
At opening establishments	1,507	1,157	814	919	915	1.3	1.0	0.7	0.8	0.8
Gross job losses	4,697	4,704	5,032	5,165	9,848	4.2	4.1	4.4	4.4	8.5
At contracting establishments	3,888	3,936	4,507	4,356	7,529	3.5	3.4	3.9	3.7	6.5
At closing establishments	809	768	525	809	2,319	0.7	0.7	0.5	0.7	2.0
Net employment change (2)	3,244	1,832	930	1,477	-4,214	2.8	1.6	0.7	1.3	-3.7
Other services (3)
Gross job gains	1,563	1,418	1,448	1,391	1,335	6.4	5.8	5.9	5.6	5.5
At expanding establishments	1,312	1,149	1,231	1,207	1,173	5.4	4.7	5.0	4.9	4.8
At opening establishments	251	269	217	184	162	1.0	1.1	0.9	0.7	0.7
Gross job losses	1,232	1,265	1,259	1,553	1,733	5.1	5.2	5.1	6.3	7.1
At contracting establishments	1,018	998	1,018	1,331	1,401	4.2	4.1	4.1	5.4	5.7
At closing establishments	214	267	241	222	332	0.9	1.1	1.0	0.9	1.4
Net employment change (2)	331	153	189	-162	-398	1.3	0.6	0.8	-0.7	-1.6
Footnotes: (1) Includes unclassified sector not shown separately. (2) The net employment change is the difference between total gross job gains and total gross job losses. See the Technical Note for further information. (3) Except public administration.

Table 2. Private-sector gross job gains and losses as a percent of total employment by state, seasonally adjusted

Category	Gross job gains as a percent of employment (3 months ended)					Gross job losses as a percent of employment (3 months ended)
	Sept. 2022	Dec. 2022	Mar. 2023	June 2023	Sept. 2023	Sept. 2022	Dec. 2022	Mar. 2023	June 2023	Sept. 2023
United States(1)	6.9	6.3	6.2	6.2	5.8	5.9	5.9	5.4	5.9	5.9
Alabama	6.9	6.6	6.4	5.9	5.9	5.9	6.1	5.5	5.7	6.0
Alaska	8.5	10.9	10.4	11.0	8.5	10.4	9.2	8.0	8.9	10.5
Arizona	7.1	6.6	5.9	7.0	6.7	5.5	6.0	5.4	6.5	5.9
Arkansas	6.5	6.2	5.8	5.8	5.6	5.2	5.2	5.0	6.0	5.7
California	6.8	6.6	6.1	6.7	6.2	6.2	6.6	6.4	6.4	6.5
Colorado	7.0	7.6	7.2	7.3	5.5	7.1	6.9	6.5	6.6	6.2
Connecticut	6.3	5.9	6.1	6.4	5.8	6.2	5.9	5.3	5.7	6.2
Delaware	8.6	7.0	6.7	6.0	6.0	6.2	7.5	5.2	5.7	6.5
District of Columbia	7.2	5.6	5.9	5.4	5.5	5.0	5.5	4.8	5.3	5.4
Florida	7.8	6.2	6.3	6.8	6.5	5.6	6.0	5.6	5.8	5.8
Georgia	7.1	6.7	6.2	6.4	6.1	5.9	5.9	5.8	6.5	6.1
Hawaii	6.4	6.0	5.5	5.7	5.3	4.9	4.9	5.0	5.2	6.9
Idaho	7.8	8.4	7.9	7.9	7.3	7.5	6.9	7.5	7.5	8.2
Illinois	5.8	5.4	5.8	5.4	4.8	5.3	5.1	4.8	5.3	5.5
Indiana	6.4	5.7	5.5	5.5	5.8	5.5	5.2	5.0	6.1	5.8
Iowa	5.9	6.4	6.0	6.0	5.5	5.9	6.2	5.4	5.9	5.8
Kansas	7.4	6.3	6.1	6.1	5.7	5.5	5.6	5.4	6.0	6.0
Kentucky	6.6	6.0	6.1	5.6	5.7	5.4	5.3	4.9	5.9	5.5
Louisiana	6.9	6.1	6.3	6.1	6.2	5.7	6.2	5.6	6.4	6.0
Maine	7.6	7.4	7.7	7.6	6.8	7.3	6.8	6.2	7.6	7.8
Maryland	7.4	6.6	6.8	6.7	6.4	6.0	6.9	5.6	6.3	6.5
Massachusetts	6.2	5.5	5.8	5.9	5.4	6.1	5.8	4.7	5.7	6.1
Michigan	5.7	5.9	5.7	5.9	5.2	5.8	5.2	4.9	5.3	5.9
Minnesota	6.5	5.9	5.7	6.0	3.1	5.9	5.8	4.9	5.6	4.2
Mississippi	7.2	6.8	6.1	6.3	6.2	6.3	6.2	5.7	6.6	6.2
Missouri	6.8	6.1	6.5	5.9	5.6	6.3	5.8	5.1	5.9	5.8
Montana	8.7	9.2	8.7	7.8	7.7	7.8	7.8	7.1	8.4	8.5
Nebraska	7.1	6.0	6.3	6.0	6.0	6.1	5.7	5.1	5.6	5.9
Nevada	7.4	6.4	6.2	6.6	6.5	5.8	6.1	5.7	6.0	5.5
New Hampshire	6.9	6.7	7.0	6.7	5.9	6.7	6.0	5.9	6.3	6.7
New Jersey	6.8	6.8	6.1	6.8	5.9	6.4	5.9	5.7	5.9	5.9
New Mexico	8.0	6.7	6.8	6.4	6.1	5.9	6.2	5.9	6.2	6.7
New York	6.6	5.9	6.5	6.3	5.8	5.9	6.0	5.1	5.7	6.1
North Carolina	6.7	6.6	6.4	6.1	5.6	5.8	5.7	5.3	5.7	6.2
North Dakota	7.6	6.4	7.6	6.9	6.6	6.3	6.7	5.6	6.7	6.6
Ohio	5.8	5.9	5.8	5.6	5.2	5.5	5.7	4.9	5.7	5.7
Oklahoma	7.4	6.6	6.3	6.2	6.2	5.6	5.9	5.3	6.0	6.0
Oregon	6.7	6.5	7.3	6.4	6.1	6.0	6.2	6.1	6.9	6.9
Pennsylvania	6.1	5.5	5.5	5.2	5.2	5.1	5.2	4.6	5.5	5.2
Rhode Island	6.7	6.9	7.5	6.7	6.5	7.3	6.4	5.9	7.0	6.8
South Carolina	7.3	6.9	6.8	6.4	6.8	5.6	6.2	5.8	6.8	5.7
South Dakota	7.3	6.5	7.2	6.8	6.3	6.4	6.5	5.9	6.2	6.3
Tennessee	7.0	5.8	5.9	5.9	2.7	5.5	5.6	5.0	5.5	4.2
Texas	7.2	6.2	5.9	5.8	5.7	5.3	5.3	5.0	5.4	5.5
Utah	7.5	6.9	7.0	6.8	6.8	6.8	6.6	6.2	6.2	6.5
Vermont	7.2	7.8	8.2	7.4	6.3	7.8	7.0	6.0	7.5	8.0
Virginia	7.5	6.2	6.2	6.0	5.8	6.1	5.8	5.2	5.8	6.0
Washington	7.2	5.9	6.4	6.0	5.4	6.3	5.3	5.5	5.6	6.0
West Virginia	8.1	6.6	7.1	6.1	6.5	6.9	6.4	5.3	6.1	6.5
Wisconsin	6.0	6.0	6.0	5.6	5.2	5.8	5.5	4.9	5.9	5.9
Wyoming	9.2	9.2	8.9	8.4	8.2	8.4	7.9	7.8	8.7	8.2
Puerto Rico	6.2	6.6	5.1	5.8	5.7	5.3	6.1	5.7	4.9	5.4
Virgin Islands	8.5	5.9	7.5	7.4	8.2	5.5	4.7	6.5	6.8	7.1
Footnotes (1) Totals for the United States do not include data for Puerto Rico or the Virgin Islands. The sum of the states will not necessarily add to the U.S. total because of the independent seasonal adjustment of each state.