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Labor Force Statistics from the Current Population Survey
HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
E-2. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, sex, and age, seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]
Employment status, race,
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity,
sex, and age		 2022 2023 2024 2025
3rd 4th 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 1st 2nd 3rd

WHITE

Civilian noninstitutional population(1)

 203,324 203,608 204,122 204,346 204,645 204,946 204,679 204,920 205,225 205,521 207,152 207,380 207,677

Civilian labor force

 125,943 126,116 126,863 127,284 127,632 127,552 127,233 127,561 127,971 127,761 128,768 128,734 128,522

Participation rate

 61.9 61.9 62.2 62.3 62.4 62.2 62.2 62.2 62.4 62.2 62.2 62.1 61.9

Employed

 122,049 122,109 122,816 123,255 123,414 123,193 122,891 123,086 123,167 122,990 124,050 123,901 123,725

Employment-population ratio

 60.0 60.0 60.2 60.3 60.3 60.1 60.0 60.1 60.0 59.8 59.9 59.7 59.6

Unemployed

 3,895 4,007 4,047 4,029 4,218 4,358 4,343 4,475 4,804 4,771 4,718 4,833 4,797

Unemployment rate

 3.1 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.4 3.5 3.8 3.7 3.7 3.8 3.7

Not in labor force

 77,381 77,492 77,259 77,062 77,013 77,394 77,445 77,359 77,254 77,760 78,384 78,646 79,155

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force

 65,612 65,887 66,237 66,446 66,479 66,455 65,866 66,003 66,326 66,321 66,537 66,670 66,796

Participation rate

 69.9 70.1 70.1 70.3 70.2 70.1 69.8 69.8 70.1 70.0 69.6 69.6 69.7

Employed

 63,676 63,941 64,248 64,428 64,310 64,270 63,797 63,821 64,009 64,043 64,329 64,297 64,417

Employment-population ratio

 67.9 68.1 68.0 68.1 67.9 67.7 67.6 67.5 67.6 67.6 67.3 67.2 67.2

Unemployed

 1,936 1,947 1,989 2,019 2,168 2,185 2,069 2,182 2,317 2,278 2,209 2,373 2,380

Unemployment rate

 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.3 3.3 3.1 3.3 3.5 3.4 3.3 3.6 3.6

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force

 55,446 55,340 55,708 55,982 56,300 56,095 56,392 56,443 56,649 56,463 57,106 57,083 56,902

Participation rate

 57.2 57.0 57.3 57.6 57.8 57.5 57.8 57.8 57.9 57.6 57.8 57.7 57.5

Employed

 53,972 53,739 54,108 54,424 54,734 54,499 54,650 54,698 54,785 54,577 55,206 55,244 55,081

Employment-population ratio

 55.6 55.3 55.7 56.0 56.2 55.9 56.0 56.0 56.0 55.7 55.9 55.9 55.6

Unemployed

 1,475 1,601 1,600 1,558 1,566 1,596 1,742 1,745 1,864 1,886 1,900 1,839 1,821

Unemployment rate

 2.7 2.9 2.9 2.8 2.8 2.8 3.1 3.1 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.2 3.2

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force

 4,885 4,889 4,918 4,855 4,853 5,001 4,976 5,115 4,996 4,977 5,125 4,981 4,824

Participation rate

 39.1 39.1 39.4 38.8 38.8 39.9 39.2 40.2 39.3 39.1 40.0 38.9 37.8

Employed

 4,401 4,429 4,460 4,403 4,370 4,424 4,443 4,567 4,373 4,370 4,515 4,360 4,228

Employment-population ratio

 35.2 35.4 35.7 35.2 34.9 35.3 35.0 35.9 34.4 34.4 35.2 34.0 33.1

Unemployed

 485 460 458 452 484 577 532 547 623 607 610 621 597

Unemployment rate

 9.9 9.4 9.3 9.3 10.0 11.5 10.7 10.7 12.5 12.2 11.9 12.5 12.4

BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN

Civilian noninstitutional population(1)

 34,171 34,270 34,519 34,613 34,715 34,821 34,848 34,949 35,054 35,161 35,653 35,752 35,854

Civilian labor force

 21,223 21,354 21,894 21,781 21,808 22,054 22,133 21,994 22,045 22,003 22,265 22,174 22,361

Participation rate

 62.1 62.3 63.4 62.9 62.8 63.3 63.5 62.9 62.9 62.6 62.4 62.0 62.4

Employed

 19,943 20,130 20,708 20,588 20,591 20,818 20,853 20,670 20,715 20,672 20,901 20,760 20,704

Employment-population ratio

 58.4 58.7 60.0 59.5 59.3 59.8 59.8 59.1 59.1 58.8 58.6 58.1 57.7

Unemployed

 1,280 1,224 1,186 1,193 1,218 1,236 1,280 1,324 1,330 1,331 1,365 1,414 1,657

Unemployment rate

 6.0 5.7 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.6 5.8 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.1 6.4 7.4

Not in labor force

 12,948 12,916 12,625 12,832 12,906 12,767 12,715 12,955 13,009 13,158 13,388 13,578 13,493

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force

 9,811 9,901 10,223 10,051 10,155 10,207 10,303 10,206 10,288 10,268 10,436 10,462 10,528

Participation rate

 67.5 68.0 69.4 68.0 68.5 68.7 69.6 68.7 69.1 68.7 68.8 68.8 69.0

Employed

 9,243 9,386 9,690 9,511 9,614 9,653 9,695 9,601 9,682 9,677 9,790 9,846 9,802

Employment-population ratio

 63.6 64.4 65.7 64.4 64.9 64.9 65.5 64.6 65.0 64.8 64.6 64.8 64.3

Unemployed

 568 515 533 540 541 555 608 605 606 591 646 616 726

Unemployment rate

 5.8 5.2 5.2 5.4 5.3 5.4 5.9 5.9 5.9 5.8 6.2 5.9 6.9

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force

 10,664 10,676 10,891 10,990 10,891 11,052 11,009 10,964 11,012 10,977 11,054 10,941 11,013

Participation rate

 62.1 62.0 63.1 63.5 62.8 63.5 63.1 62.7 62.8 62.4 62.0 61.2 61.5

Employed

 10,076 10,098 10,373 10,437 10,371 10,498 10,465 10,381 10,412 10,378 10,467 10,280 10,259

Employment-population ratio

 58.7 58.7 60.1 60.3 59.8 60.3 60.0 59.4 59.4 59.0 58.7 57.5 57.2

Unemployed

 588 578 518 554 520 553 543 583 600 599 587 661 754

Unemployment rate

 5.5 5.4 4.8 5.0 4.8 5.0 4.9 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.3 6.0 6.8

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force

 748 778 779 739 762 795 822 824 745 758 775 771 821

Participation rate

 30.1 31.2 31.0 29.2 30.0 31.1 31.6 31.5 28.4 28.8 28.9 28.8 30.6

Employed

 624 646 645 640 605 667 693 688 620 618 643 634 644

Employment-population ratio

 25.1 25.9 25.6 25.3 23.8 26.1 26.7 26.3 23.6 23.4 24.0 23.6 24.0

Unemployed

 123 131 134 100 157 129 129 136 125 141 131 137 177

Unemployment rate

 16.5 16.9 17.2 13.5 20.6 16.2 15.7 16.5 16.8 18.5 17.0 17.8 21.6

ASIAN

Civilian noninstitutional population(1)

 17,014 17,038 17,510 17,520 17,583 17,752 17,832 17,954 17,949 18,165 19,150 19,286 19,413

Civilian labor force

 11,055 11,023 11,355 11,393 11,529 11,479 11,499 11,730 11,736 11,758 12,508 12,686 12,628

Participation rate

 65.0 64.7 64.8 65.0 65.6 64.7 64.5 65.3 65.4 64.7 65.3 65.8 65.0

Employed

 10,766 10,729 11,007 11,052 11,214 11,108 11,157 11,336 11,271 11,318 12,077 12,255 12,127

Employment-population ratio

 63.3 63.0 62.9 63.1 63.8 62.6 62.6 63.1 62.8 62.3 63.1 63.5 62.5

Unemployed

 289 294 347 340 315 371 342 394 465 440 431 431 500

Unemployment rate

 2.6 2.7 3.1 3.0 2.7 3.2 3.0 3.4 4.0 3.7 3.4 3.4 4.0

Not in labor force

 5,959 6,014 6,155 6,127 6,054 6,273 6,333 6,224 6,213 6,406 6,642 6,600 6,785

HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY

Civilian noninstitutional population(1)

 46,287 46,543 47,103 47,380 47,671 47,973 48,465 48,765 49,072 49,385 50,977 51,298 51,630

Civilian labor force

 30,655 30,805 31,422 31,702 32,038 32,108 32,444 32,854 33,111 33,152 34,136 34,405 34,637

Participation rate

 66.2 66.2 66.7 66.9 67.2 66.9 66.9 67.4 67.5 67.1 67.0 67.1 67.1

Employed

 29,389 29,529 29,870 30,355 30,570 30,576 30,870 31,238 31,363 31,438 32,418 32,673 32,815

Employment-population ratio

 63.5 63.4 63.4 64.1 64.1 63.7 63.7 64.1 63.9 63.7 63.6 63.7 63.6

Unemployed

 1,266 1,276 1,552 1,348 1,467 1,532 1,574 1,616 1,747 1,715 1,719 1,732 1,822

Unemployment rate

 4.1 4.1 4.9 4.3 4.6 4.8 4.8 4.9 5.3 5.2 5.0 5.0 5.3

Not in labor force

 15,632 15,738 15,681 15,678 15,634 15,865 16,021 15,911 15,962 16,232 16,840 16,892 16,993

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force

 16,537 16,665 16,926 17,082 17,224 17,233 17,426 17,632 17,737 17,786 18,233 18,432 18,506

Participation rate

 78.9 79.0 79.1 79.3 79.5 79.1 79.5 80.0 80.0 79.7 78.9 79.3 79.0

Employed

 15,929 16,009 16,134 16,417 16,519 16,475 16,684 16,854 16,959 17,051 17,436 17,597 17,663

Employment-population ratio

 76.0 75.9 75.4 76.2 76.3 75.6 76.2 76.5 76.5 76.4 75.5 75.7 75.4

Unemployed

 608 656 792 665 705 758 742 778 778 735 797 835 842

Unemployment rate

 3.7 3.9 4.7 3.9 4.1 4.4 4.3 4.4 4.4 4.1 4.4 4.5 4.6

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force

 12,696 12,725 13,067 13,134 13,321 13,298 13,464 13,584 13,845 13,874 14,317 14,430 14,549

Participation rate

 60.4 60.2 61.2 61.2 61.7 61.2 61.2 61.3 62.1 61.9 61.9 62.0 62.1

Employed

 12,229 12,257 12,470 12,618 12,759 12,746 12,839 12,987 13,144 13,147 13,639 13,752 13,824

Employment-population ratio

 58.1 57.9 58.4 58.8 59.1 58.6 58.3 58.7 59.0 58.6 59.0 59.1 59.0

Unemployed

 467 468 597 516 562 552 624 596 702 727 678 678 725

Unemployment rate

 3.7 3.7 4.6 3.9 4.2 4.1 4.6 4.4 5.1 5.2 4.7 4.7 5.0

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force

 1,422 1,415 1,429 1,486 1,494 1,577 1,554 1,639 1,528 1,492 1,587 1,543 1,582

Participation rate

 33.2 32.9 32.9 34.0 33.9 35.6 34.1 35.7 33.1 32.2 33.3 32.3 33.1

Employed

 1,232 1,263 1,265 1,319 1,293 1,355 1,347 1,397 1,261 1,240 1,343 1,323 1,327

Employment-population ratio

 28.8 29.3 29.2 30.2 29.4 30.6 29.6 30.5 27.3 26.8 28.2 27.7 27.8

Unemployed

 190 152 164 167 200 222 207 241 267 253 244 220 254

Unemployment rate

 13.4 10.7 11.4 11.2 13.4 14.1 13.3 14.7 17.5 16.9 15.4 14.3 16.1

Footnotes
(1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.

NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. People whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

 

Last Modified Date: November 20, 2025