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Economic News Release
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State Employment and Unemployment (Monthly) News Release

For release 10:00 a.m. (ET) Friday, April 21, 2023                       USDL-23-0725

Technical information:
 Employment:    (202) 691-6559  *  sminfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/sae   
 Unemployment:  (202) 691-6392  *  lausinfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/lau 

Media contact:  (202) 691-5902  *  PressOffice@bls.gov


                  STATE EMPLOYMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT -- MARCH 2023


Unemployment rates were lower in March in 18 states, higher in the District of
Columbia, and stable in 32 states, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported
today. Eleven states and the District had jobless rate decreases from a year
earlier, 10 states had increases, and 29 states had little change. The national
unemployment rate, 3.5 percent, changed little both over the month and over the
year.

Nonfarm payroll employment increased in 2 states and was essentially unchanged
in 48 states and the District of Columbia in March 2023. Over the year, nonfarm
payroll employment increased in 42 states and was essentially unchanged in 8
states and the District.

This news release presents statistics from two monthly programs. The civilian
labor force and unemployment data are modeled based largely on a survey of
households. These data pertain to individuals by where they reside. The
employment data are from an establishment survey that measures nonfarm 
employment, hours, and earnings by industry. These data pertain to jobs on 
payrolls defined by where the establishments are located. For more information
about the concepts and statistical methodologies used by these two programs,
see the Technical Note.

Unemployment

South Dakota had the lowest jobless rate in March, 1.9 percent. The next lowest
rates were in Nebraska and North Dakota, 2.1 percent each. The rates in Alabama
(2.3 percent), Arkansas (3.0 percent), Maryland (2.7 percent), Mississippi
(3.5 percent), Montana (2.3 percent), West Virginia (3.4 percent), and Wisconsin
(2.5 percent) set new series lows. (All state series begin in 1976.) Nevada had
the highest unemployment rate, 5.5 percent. In total, 18 states had unemployment
rates lower than the U.S. figure of 3.5 percent, 9 states and the District of
Columbia had higher rates, and 23 states had rates that were not appreciably
different from that of the nation. (See tables A and 1.)

In March, 18 states had over-the-month unemployment rate decreases, the largest
of which were in New Hampshire, Oregon, and West Virginia (-0.3 percentage
point each). The District of Columbia had the only over-the-month increase
(+0.1 percentage point). Thirty-two states had jobless rates that were not
notably different from those of a month earlier, though some had changes that
were at least as large numerically as the significant changes. (See table B.)

Eleven states and the District of Columbia had over-the-year unemployment rate
decreases, the largest of which was in New Mexico (-1.1 percentage points).
Ten states had rate increases from March 2022, the largest of which was in 
Oregon (+0.9 percentage point). (See table C.)

Nonfarm Payroll Employment

Nonfarm payroll employment increased in 2 states and was essentially unchanged
in 48 states and the District of Columbia in March 2023. The job gains 
occurred in Massachusetts (+16,300, or +0.4 percent) and Kentucky (+9,400,
or +0.5 percent). (See tables D and 3.)

Over the year, nonfarm payroll employment increased in 42 states and was 
essentially unchanged in 8 states and the District of Columbia. The largest 
job increases occurred in Texas (+575,100), California (+432,100), and Florida
(+413,000). The largest percentage increase occurred in Nevada (+5.0 percent),
followed by Florida (+4.5 percent) and Texas (+4.3 percent). (See table E.) 

_____________
The Metropolitan Area Employment and Unemployment news release for March
is scheduled to be released on Wednesday, May 3, 2023, at 10:00 a.m. (ET).
The State Employment and Unemployment news release for April is scheduled
to be released on Friday, May 19, 2023, at 10:00 a.m. (ET).



Table A. States with unemployment rates significantly different
from that of the U.S., March 2023, seasonally adjusted
--------------------------------------------------------------
                State                |          Rate(p)
--------------------------------------------------------------
United States (1) ...................|           3.5
                                     |
Alabama .............................|           2.3
California ..........................|           4.4
Colorado ............................|           2.8
Delaware ............................|           4.4
District of Columbia ................|           4.8
Florida .............................|           2.6
Idaho ...............................|           2.6
Illinois ............................|           4.4
Iowa ................................|           2.8
Kansas ..............................|           2.9
                                     |
Maine ...............................|           2.6
Maryland ............................|           2.7
Minnesota ...........................|           2.8
Missouri ............................|           2.5
Montana .............................|           2.3
Nebraska ............................|           2.1
Nevada ..............................|           5.5
New Hampshire .......................|           2.4
New York ............................|           4.1
North Dakota ........................|           2.1
                                     |
Oregon ..............................|           4.4
Pennsylvania ........................|           4.2
South Dakota ........................|           1.9
Texas ...............................|           4.0
Utah ................................|           2.4
Vermont .............................|           2.7
Washington ..........................|           4.5
Wisconsin ...........................|           2.5
--------------------------------------------------------------
   (1) Data are not preliminary.
   (p) = preliminary.


Table B. States with statistically significant unemployment rate changes
from February 2023 to March 2023, seasonally adjusted
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                |          Rate         |
                                |-----------|-----------| Over-the-month
             State              | February  |   March   |    change(p)
                                |   2023    |  2023(p)  |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Alabama ........................|     2.5   |     2.3   |      -0.2
Arizona ........................|     3.7   |     3.5   |       -.2
Arkansas .......................|     3.2   |     3.0   |       -.2
District of Columbia ...........|     4.7   |     4.8   |        .1
Iowa ...........................|     2.9   |     2.8   |       -.1
Maine ..........................|     2.8   |     2.6   |       -.2
Maryland .......................|     2.9   |     2.7   |       -.2
Massachusetts ..................|     3.7   |     3.5   |       -.2
Mississippi ....................|     3.7   |     3.5   |       -.2
Nebraska .......................|     2.3   |     2.1   |       -.2
                                |           |           |
New Hampshire ..................|     2.7   |     2.4   |       -.3
North Carolina .................|     3.6   |     3.5   |       -.1
Oregon .........................|     4.7   |     4.4   |       -.3
Pennsylvania ...................|     4.4   |     4.2   |       -.2
South Dakota ...................|     2.1   |     1.9   |       -.2
Vermont ........................|     2.8   |     2.7   |       -.1
Washington .....................|     4.6   |     4.5   |       -.1
West Virginia ..................|     3.7   |     3.4   |       -.3
Wisconsin ......................|     2.7   |     2.5   |       -.2
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
   (p) = preliminary.


Table C. States with statistically significant unemployment rate changes
from March 2022 to March 2023, seasonally adjusted
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                |          Rate         |
                                |-----------|-----------|  Over-the-year
             State              |   March   |   March   |    change(p)
                                |   2022    |  2023(p)  |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Alabama ........................|     2.5   |     2.3   |      -0.2
Alaska .........................|     4.3   |     3.7   |       -.6
Colorado .......................|     3.3   |     2.8   |       -.5
Connecticut ....................|     4.3   |     4.0   |       -.3
District of Columbia ...........|     5.2   |     4.8   |       -.4
Florida ........................|     3.1   |     2.6   |       -.5
Indiana ........................|     2.8   |     3.1   |        .3
Iowa ...........................|     2.4   |     2.8   |        .4
Kansas .........................|     2.4   |     2.9   |        .5
Maryland .......................|     3.2   |     2.7   |       -.5
                                |           |           |
Minnesota ......................|     2.4   |     2.8   |        .4
Montana ........................|     2.5   |     2.3   |       -.2
New Hampshire ..................|     2.1   |     2.4   |        .3
New Jersey .....................|     4.1   |     3.5   |       -.6
New Mexico .....................|     4.6   |     3.5   |      -1.1
New York .......................|     4.4   |     4.1   |       -.3
Oregon .........................|     3.5   |     4.4   |        .9
Vermont ........................|     2.3   |     2.7   |        .4
Virginia .......................|     2.8   |     3.2   |        .4
Washington .....................|     3.9   |     4.5   |        .6
Wisconsin ......................|     2.8   |     2.5   |       -.3
Wyoming ........................|     3.3   |     3.7   |        .4
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
   (p) = preliminary.


Table D. States with statistically significant employment changes from
February 2023 to March 2023, seasonally adjusted
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                              |             |             | Over-the-month change(p)
            State             |   February  |    March    |---------------------------
                              |     2023    |   2023(p)   |    Level    |   Percent
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Kentucky .....................|   1,992,200 |   2,001,600 |       9,400 |      0.5
Massachusetts ................|   3,742,000 |   3,758,300 |      16,300 |       .4
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   (p) = preliminary.


Table E. States with statistically significant employment changes from
March 2022 to March 2023, seasonally adjusted
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                              |             |             |  Over-the-year change(p)
            State             |    March    |    March    |---------------------------
                              |    2022     |   2023(p)   |    Level    |   Percent
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Alabama ......................|   2,095,600 |   2,141,900 |      46,300 |      2.2
Alaska .......................|     318,100 |     324,400 |       6,300 |      2.0
Arizona ......................|   3,076,400 |   3,145,000 |      68,600 |      2.2
Arkansas .....................|   1,320,800 |   1,353,200 |      32,400 |      2.5
California ...................|  17,535,700 |  17,967,800 |     432,100 |      2.5
Delaware .....................|     469,200 |     483,400 |      14,200 |      3.0
Florida ......................|   9,278,600 |   9,691,600 |     413,000 |      4.5
Georgia ......................|   4,752,000 |   4,885,400 |     133,400 |      2.8
Hawaii .......................|     609,600 |     632,500 |      22,900 |      3.8
Idaho ........................|     822,100 |     846,600 |      24,500 |      3.0
                              |             |             |             |       
Illinois .....................|   5,988,800 |   6,119,900 |     131,100 |      2.2
Indiana ......................|   3,169,700 |   3,245,300 |      75,600 |      2.4
Iowa .........................|   1,566,900 |   1,592,900 |      26,000 |      1.7
Kansas .......................|   1,405,500 |   1,442,600 |      37,100 |      2.6
Kentucky .....................|   1,951,800 |   2,001,600 |      49,800 |      2.6
Louisiana ....................|   1,909,700 |   1,949,900 |      40,200 |      2.1
Maryland .....................|   2,697,400 |   2,733,300 |      35,900 |      1.3
Massachusetts ................|   3,654,300 |   3,758,300 |     104,000 |      2.8
Michigan .....................|   4,341,200 |   4,416,300 |      75,100 |      1.7
Minnesota ....................|   2,910,600 |   2,975,900 |      65,300 |      2.2
                              |             |             |             |       
Missouri .....................|   2,907,200 |   2,969,300 |      62,100 |      2.1
Montana ......................|     507,000 |     517,200 |      10,200 |      2.0
Nebraska .....................|   1,022,000 |   1,045,000 |      23,000 |      2.3
Nevada .......................|   1,468,200 |   1,541,200 |      73,000 |      5.0
New Hampshire ................|     684,000 |     700,500 |      16,500 |      2.4
New Jersey ...................|   4,225,600 |   4,311,100 |      85,500 |      2.0
New Mexico ...................|     842,200 |     866,100 |      23,900 |      2.8
New York .....................|   9,439,100 |   9,707,100 |     268,000 |      2.8
North Carolina ...............|   4,758,700 |   4,891,600 |     132,900 |      2.8
North Dakota .................|     425,500 |     434,600 |       9,100 |      2.1
                              |             |             |             |       
Ohio .........................|   5,506,900 |   5,589,700 |      82,800 |      1.5
Oklahoma .....................|   1,685,000 |   1,726,400 |      41,400 |      2.5
Oregon .......................|   1,935,200 |   1,989,400 |      54,200 |      2.8
Pennsylvania .................|   5,949,900 |   6,108,900 |     159,000 |      2.7
South Carolina ...............|   2,222,900 |   2,283,500 |      60,600 |      2.7
South Dakota .................|     450,400 |     460,100 |       9,700 |      2.2
Tennessee ....................|   3,214,000 |   3,310,900 |      96,900 |      3.0
Texas ........................|  13,264,100 |  13,839,200 |     575,100 |      4.3
Utah .........................|   1,664,800 |   1,711,300 |      46,500 |      2.8
Virginia .....................|   4,038,500 |   4,138,400 |      99,900 |      2.5
Washington ...................|   3,503,400 |   3,615,100 |     111,700 |      3.2
Wisconsin ....................|   2,956,500 |   2,997,900 |      41,400 |      1.4
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   (p) = preliminary.




Technical Note
 
   This news release presents civilian labor force and unemployment data for states and selected substate
   areas from the Local Area Unemployment Statistics (LAUS) program (tables 1 and 2). Also presented are
   nonfarm payroll employment estimates by state and industry supersector from the Current Employment
   Statistics (CES) program (tables 3 and 4). The LAUS and CES programs are both federal-state cooperative
   endeavors.

Civilian labor force and unemployment--from the LAUS program

   Definitions. The civilian labor force and unemployment data are based on the same concepts and definitions
   as those used for the official national estimates obtained from the Current Population Survey (CPS), a
   sample survey of households that is conducted for the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) by the U.S. Census
   Bureau. The LAUS program measures employed people and unemployed people on a place of-residence basis. The
   universe for each is the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years of age and older. Employed people
   are those who did any work at all for pay or profit in the reference week (typically the week including
   the 12th of the month) or worked 15 hours or more without pay in a family business or farm, plus those not
   working who had a job from which they were temporarily absent, whether or not paid, for such reasons as
   bad weather, labor-management dispute, illness, or vacation.
   
   Unemployed people are those who were not employed during the reference week (based on the definition above),
   had actively looked for a job sometime in the 4-week period ending with the reference week, and were 
   currently available for work; people on layoff expecting recall need not be looking for work to be counted
   as unemployed. The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and unemployed people. The unemployment rate
   is the number of unemployed as a percent of the civilian labor force.

   Method of estimation. Estimates for 48 states, the District of Columbia, the Los Angeles-Long Beach-Glendale
   metropolitan division, New York City, and the balances of California and New York State are produced using
   time-series models. This method, which underwent substantial enhancement at the beginning of 2021, utilizes
   data from several sources, including the CPS, the CES, and state unemployment insurance (UI) programs. 
   Estimates for the state of California are derived by summing the estimates for the Los Angeles-Long Beach-
   Glendale metropolitan division and the balance of California. Similarly, estimates for New York State are
   derived by summing the estimates for New York City and the balance of New York State. Estimates for the 
   five additional substate areas contained in this release (the Cleveland-Elyria and Detroit-Warren-Dearborn
   metropolitan areas and the Chicago-Naperville-Arlington Heights, Miami-Miami Beach Kendall, and Seattle-
   Bellevue-Everett metropolitan divisions) and their respective balances of state are produced using a similar
   model-based approach.
   
   Each month, estimates for the nine census divisions first are modeled using inputs from the CPS only and
   controlled to the national totals. State estimates then are controlled to their respective census division
   totals. Substate and balance-of-state estimates for the five areas noted above also are controlled to their
   respective state totals. This tiered process of controlling model-based estimates to the U.S. totals is called
   real-time benchmarking. Estimates for Puerto Rico are derived from a monthly household survey similar to 
   the CPS. A more detailed description of the estimation procedures is available from BLS upon request

   Annual revisions. Civilian labor force and unemployment data for prior years reflect adjustments made after
   the end of each year. The adjusted estimates reflect updated population data from the U.S. Census Bureau,
   any revisions in the other data sources, and model re-estimation. In most years, historical data for the
   most recent five years are revised near the beginning of each calendar year, prior to the release of January
   estimates. With the introduction of a new generation of time series models in 2021, historical data were
   re-estimated back to the series beginnings in 1976, 1990, or 1994.

   Seasonal adjustment. The LAUS models decompose the estimates of employed and unemployed people into trend,
   seasonal, and irregular components. The benchmarked signals of employed and unemployed people first are
   adjusted using an X-11 type of seasonal adjustment filter. The adjusted data then are smoothed using a
   Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Space (RKHS) filter. The smoothed-seasonally adjusted estimates of employed and
   unemployed people are summed to derive the civilian labor force, and the unemployment rate then is 
   calculated as the unemployed percent of the civilian labor force. The resulting smoothed-seasonally adjusted
   unemployment rate estimates are analyzed in this news release and published on the BLS website.
   
   During estimation for the current year, the smoothed-seasonally adjusted estimates for a given month are
   created using an asymmetric filter that incorporates information from previous observations only. For
   annual revisions, historical data are smoothed using a two-sided filter.

   Area definitions. The substate area data published in this release reflect the delineations that were issued
   by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget on April 10, 2018. A detailed list of the geographic definitions
   is available online at www.bls.gov/lau/lausmsa.htm. 

Employment--from the CES program

   Definitions. Employment data refer to persons on establishment payrolls who receive pay for any part of
   the pay period that includes the 12th of the month. Persons are counted at their place of work rather than
   at their place of residence; those appearing on more than one payroll are counted on each payroll. 
   Industries are classified on the basis of their principal activity in accordance with the 2022 version of
   the North American Industry Classification System. 

   Method of estimation. CES State and Area employment data are produced using several estimation procedures.
   Where possible, these data are produced using a "weighted link relative" estimation technique in which a
   ratio of current month weighted employment to that of the previous-month weighted employment is computed
   from a sample of establishments reporting for both months. The estimates of employment for the current month
   are then obtained by multiplying these ratios by the previous month’s employment estimates. The weighted
   link relative technique is utilized for data series where the sample size meets certain statistical criteria.
   For some employment series, the estimates are produced with a model that uses direct sample estimates 
   (described above) combined with other regressors to compensate for smaller sample sizes. 

   Annual revisions. Employment estimates are adjusted annually to a complete count of jobs, called benchmarks,
   derived principally from tax reports that are submitted by employers who are covered under state unemployment
   insurance (UI) laws. The benchmark information is used to adjust the monthly estimates between the new
   benchmark and the preceding one and to establish the level of employment for the new benchmark month. Thus,
   the benchmarking process establishes the level of employment, and the sample is used to measure the month-
   to-month changes in the level for the subsequent months. Information on recent benchmark revisions is 
   available online at www.bls.gov/web/laus/bmrk_article.htm.

   Seasonal adjustment. Payroll employment data are seasonally adjusted at the statewide expanded supersector
   level. In some cases, the seasonally adjusted payroll employment total is computed by aggregating the
   independently adjusted supersector series. In other cases, the seasonally adjusted payroll employment total
   is independently adjusted. Revisions to historical data for the most recent five years are made once a 
   year, coincident with annual benchmark adjustments.
   
   Payroll employment data are seasonally adjusted concurrently, using all available estimates including those
   for the current month, to develop sample-based seasonal factors. Concurrent sample-based factors are 
   created every month for the current month’s preliminary estimate as well as the previous month’s final 
   estimate. 

   Caution on aggregating state data. State estimation procedures are designed to produce accurate data
   for each individual state. BLS independently develops a national employment series; state estimates are
   not forced to sum to national totals. Each state series is subject to larger relative sampling and 
   nonsampling errors than the national series. Summing state estimates cumulates individual state-level
   errors and can cause significant distortions at an aggregate level. Due to these statistical limitations,
   BLS does not compile a "sum-of-states" employment series and cautions users that such a series is subject
   to a relatively large and volatile error structure.

Reliability of the estimates

    The estimates presented in this release are based on sample surveys, administrative data, and modeling
    and, thus, are subject to sampling and other types of errors. Sampling error is a measure of sampling 
    variability—that is, variation that occurs by chance because a sample rather than the entire population
    is surveyed. Survey data also are subject to nonsampling errors, such as those which can be introduced
    into the data collection and processing operations. Estimates not directly derived from sample surveys
    are subject to additional errors resulting from the specific estimation processes used.

    Use of error measures. Changes in state unemployment rates and state nonfarm payroll employment are 
    cited in the analysis of this release only if they have been determined to be statistically significant
    at the 90-percent confidence level. Furthermore, state unemployment rates for the current month generally
    are cited only if they have been determined to be significantly different from the U.S. rate at the 
    90-percent confidence level. The underlying model-based standard error measures for unemployment rates
    and over-the-month and over-the-year changes in rates are available at www.bls.gov/lau/lastderr.htm.
    The underlying standard error measures for over-the-month and over-the-year changes in state payroll
    employment data at the total nonfarm and supersector levels are available at 
    www.bls.gov/web/laus/790stderr.htm. Measures of nonsampling error are not available.

Additional information

    Estimates of civilian labor force and unemployment from the LAUS program, as well as nonfarm payroll
    employment from the CES program, for metropolitan areas and metropolitan divisions are available in
    the news release Metropolitan Area Employment and Unemployment. Estimates of civilian labor force,
    employed people, unemployed people, and unemployment rates for approximately 7,600 subnational areas
    are available online at www.bls.gov/lau/. Employment data from the CES program for states and 
    metropolitan areas are available online at www.bls.gov/sae/. If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or
    have a speech disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access telecommunications relay services.




LABOR FORCE DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

Table 1. Civilian labor force and unemployment by state and selected area, seasonally adjusted
State and area Civilian labor force Unemployed
Mar.
2022
Jan.
2023
Feb.
2023
Mar.
2023(p)
Number Percent of labor force
Mar.
2022
Jan.
2023
Feb.
2023
Mar.
2023(p)
Mar.
2022
Jan.
2023
Feb.
2023
Mar.
2023(p)

Alabama

2,287,334 2,284,984 2,286,491 2,289,759 58,074 58,392 56,166 53,053 2.5 2.6 2.5 2.3

Alaska

357,273 357,026 357,399 357,738 15,367 13,443 13,576 13,273 4.3 3.8 3.8 3.7

Arizona

3,587,441 3,648,224 3,653,226 3,659,156 128,099 140,410 134,816 129,455 3.6 3.8 3.7 3.5

Arkansas

1,367,533 1,373,523 1,373,598 1,375,426 43,062 46,604 43,670 40,837 3.1 3.4 3.2 3.0

California

19,219,905 19,316,062 19,338,411 19,371,072 837,088 813,818 841,703 859,631 4.4 4.2 4.4 4.4

Los Angeles-Long Beach-Glendale(1)

5,019,203 4,959,665 4,970,313 4,982,218 263,863 235,657 244,827 248,158 5.3 4.8 4.9 5.0

Colorado

3,204,876 3,206,346 3,217,067 3,227,330 104,801 90,436 92,704 91,048 3.3 2.8 2.9 2.8

Connecticut

1,950,423 1,912,913 1,910,768 1,905,663 84,470 75,444 75,733 75,297 4.3 3.9 4.0 4.0

Delaware

498,091 496,001 495,920 496,637 21,853 22,905 22,610 22,046 4.4 4.6 4.6 4.4

District of Columbia

387,619 389,168 389,688 390,516 20,300 17,322 18,157 18,893 5.2 4.5 4.7 4.8

Florida

10,672,069 10,854,532 10,879,065 10,921,822 331,866 285,839 284,361 283,276 3.1 2.6 2.6 2.6

Miami-Miami Beach-Kendall(1)

1,361,534 1,382,466 1,384,364 1,390,571 39,318 28,360 27,579 26,183 2.9 2.1 2.0 1.9

Georgia

5,233,419 5,239,331 5,248,424 5,261,296 155,574 161,710 162,897 164,973 3.0 3.1 3.1 3.1

Hawaii

671,502 679,077 678,351 678,449 21,916 24,629 24,176 23,584 3.3 3.6 3.6 3.5

Idaho

945,839 956,436 958,112 960,017 23,732 25,701 25,141 24,682 2.5 2.7 2.6 2.6

Illinois

6,490,596 6,470,257 6,474,374 6,477,054 294,491 294,351 289,854 283,844 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.4

Chicago-Naperville-Arlington Heights(1)

3,865,889 3,866,183 3,868,514 3,868,961 178,240 185,548 178,682 172,950 4.6 4.8 4.6 4.5

Indiana

3,394,391 3,409,101 3,409,697 3,416,350 93,975 106,270 106,121 105,493 2.8 3.1 3.1 3.1

Iowa

1,713,877 1,721,065 1,721,138 1,723,811 40,346 51,176 50,083 48,300 2.4 3.0 2.9 2.8

Kansas

1,503,552 1,507,842 1,510,124 1,514,162 35,704 43,678 44,088 43,891 2.4 2.9 2.9 2.9

Kentucky

2,055,534 2,040,567 2,041,678 2,042,066 78,632 79,019 79,762 77,039 3.8 3.9 3.9 3.8

Louisiana

2,096,410 2,089,407 2,097,633 2,106,525 78,065 73,987 75,871 75,972 3.7 3.5 3.6 3.6

Maine

678,426 672,718 673,394 673,643 19,471 19,702 18,841 17,570 2.9 2.9 2.8 2.6

Maryland

3,173,331 3,163,822 3,167,195 3,177,720 102,073 94,030 92,348 86,326 3.2 3.0 2.9 2.7

Massachusetts

3,755,168 3,729,764 3,741,461 3,741,742 138,297 132,399 137,140 132,766 3.7 3.5 3.7 3.5

Michigan

4,835,578 4,836,195 4,842,266 4,851,544 196,020 208,935 207,045 199,731 4.1 4.3 4.3 4.1

Detroit-Warren-Dearborn(2)

2,123,343 2,102,185 2,103,147 2,107,265 84,561 79,756 79,341 74,051 4.0 3.8 3.8 3.5

Minnesota

3,068,131 3,084,640 3,083,348 3,084,118 74,072 89,970 91,023 87,574 2.4 2.9 3.0 2.8

Mississippi

1,259,725 1,241,563 1,241,575 1,243,241 48,186 48,658 46,510 44,033 3.8 3.9 3.7 3.5

Missouri

3,056,255 3,069,736 3,075,402 3,085,502 75,140 81,882 79,689 77,408 2.5 2.7 2.6 2.5

Montana

565,622 570,402 571,016 572,319 14,384 14,395 13,775 13,231 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.3

Nebraska

1,057,550 1,059,793 1,059,665 1,060,418 20,918 26,541 24,704 22,536 2.0 2.5 2.3 2.1

Nevada

1,528,283 1,569,407 1,570,746 1,572,641 80,660 86,549 87,111 86,661 5.3 5.5 5.5 5.5

New Hampshire

763,215 770,431 769,924 767,903 16,270 21,850 20,623 18,797 2.1 2.8 2.7 2.4

New Jersey

4,706,634 4,778,908 4,796,374 4,814,676 195,037 163,664 168,835 170,719 4.1 3.4 3.5 3.5

New Mexico

951,121 947,733 950,806 953,679 43,793 33,473 34,444 33,804 4.6 3.5 3.6 3.5

New York

9,611,138 9,632,060 9,646,609 9,660,021 424,179 402,570 401,288 391,616 4.4 4.2 4.2 4.1

New York City

4,095,338 4,125,364 4,138,484 4,148,471 256,145 217,541 222,492 221,945 6.3 5.3 5.4 5.4

North Carolina

5,153,298 5,166,668 5,168,863 5,179,566 172,204 193,793 188,101 183,118 3.3 3.8 3.6 3.5

North Dakota

414,911 414,940 415,423 416,562 8,797 8,849 8,856 8,703 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1

Ohio

5,758,127 5,724,668 5,738,825 5,755,585 226,044 228,884 223,524 218,382 3.9 4.0 3.9 3.8

Cleveland-Elyria(2)

1,023,900 1,023,000 1,025,615 1,028,520 50,916 44,059 42,937 41,301 5.0 4.3 4.2 4.0

Oklahoma

1,884,603 1,892,639 1,895,814 1,902,360 53,266 58,843 57,608 56,822 2.8 3.1 3.0 3.0

Oregon

2,171,252 2,185,455 2,182,992 2,176,057 76,941 104,988 103,216 95,735 3.5 4.8 4.7 4.4

Pennsylvania

6,478,879 6,492,168 6,500,166 6,505,126 281,841 281,289 283,410 275,993 4.4 4.3 4.4 4.2

Rhode Island

570,640 566,370 566,150 566,146 17,190 17,561 17,357 17,343 3.0 3.1 3.1 3.1

South Carolina

2,378,214 2,374,826 2,382,107 2,393,147 76,169 76,046 76,043 76,435 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2

South Dakota

474,598 475,350 475,998 477,186 8,995 10,061 9,842 9,187 1.9 2.1 2.1 1.9

Tennessee

3,380,792 3,322,133 3,328,111 3,338,228 112,990 115,667 116,474 113,879 3.3 3.5 3.5 3.4

Texas

14,605,471 14,754,644 14,819,290 14,898,145 569,834 569,291 587,211 599,889 3.9 3.9 4.0 4.0

Utah

1,731,501 1,759,556 1,765,268 1,773,369 37,888 42,619 42,302 41,702 2.2 2.4 2.4 2.4

Vermont

341,055 344,527 345,416 346,193 7,825 10,103 9,831 9,222 2.3 2.9 2.8 2.7

Virginia

4,421,757 4,487,575 4,505,399 4,528,910 121,725 144,917 145,877 143,447 2.8 3.2 3.2 3.2

Washington

3,965,105 4,022,870 4,035,637 4,047,656 154,988 184,387 185,457 180,736 3.9 4.6 4.6 4.5

Seattle-Bellevue-Everett(1)

1,757,267 1,782,027 1,783,642 1,787,857 48,677 56,947 54,874 53,267 2.8 3.2 3.1 3.0

West Virginia

785,927 784,041 782,723 782,374 28,568 30,916 28,813 26,864 3.6 3.9 3.7 3.4

Wisconsin

3,095,420 3,067,821 3,069,845 3,074,448 85,176 87,962 82,956 76,550 2.8 2.9 2.7 2.5

Wyoming

289,736 294,594 295,522 296,763 9,436 11,360 11,117 10,891 3.3 3.9 3.8 3.7

Puerto Rico

1,204,175 1,197,773 1,202,653 1,202,190 74,244 71,655 72,558 72,513 6.2 6.0 6.0 6.0

Footnotes
(1) Metropolitan division.
(2) Metropolitan statistical area.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data refer to place of residence. Data for Puerto Rico are derived from a monthly household survey similar to the Current Population Survey. Area definitions are based on Office of Management and Budget Bulletin No. 18-03, dated April 10, 2018, and are available on the BLS website at https://www.bls.gov/lau/lausmsa.htm. Estimates for the latest month are subject to revision the following month.


LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

Table 2. Civilian labor force and unemployment by state and selected area, not seasonally adjusted
State and area Civilian labor force Unemployed
February March Number Percent of labor force
2022 2023 2022 2023(p) February March February March
2022 2023 2022 2023(p) 2022 2023 2022 2023(p)

Alabama

2,277,291 2,285,046 2,283,963 2,291,790 66,470 54,111 56,151 44,574 2.9 2.4 2.5 1.9

Alaska

355,282 355,004 354,162 354,869 19,350 15,799 17,074 14,283 5.4 4.5 4.8 4.0

Arizona

3,579,498 3,664,175 3,595,573 3,677,373 129,382 118,475 120,298 119,098 3.6 3.2 3.3 3.2

Arkansas

1,363,781 1,369,419 1,370,298 1,381,469 51,617 39,726 43,443 36,222 3.8 2.9 3.2 2.6

California

19,292,418 19,470,575 19,307,448 19,498,333 965,748 943,946 867,452 937,793 5.0 4.8 4.5 4.8

Los Angeles-Long Beach-Glendale(1)

5,065,387 5,041,535 5,051,030 5,034,098 292,689 263,536 260,565 251,121 5.8 5.2 5.2 5.0

Colorado

3,202,616 3,243,663 3,195,552 3,232,419 126,841 105,198 108,143 86,367 4.0 3.2 3.4 2.7

Connecticut

1,939,318 1,889,803 1,949,097 1,882,201 99,897 87,063 88,683 81,230 5.2 4.6 4.5 4.3

Delaware

497,407 494,664 499,906 500,661 24,081 22,680 22,665 21,748 4.8 4.6 4.5 4.3

District of Columbia

387,107 392,256 388,830 391,961 21,593 19,196 19,865 19,963 5.6 4.9 5.1 5.1

Florida

10,620,017 10,942,733 10,655,670 11,027,163 345,408 274,937 316,855 281,394 3.3 2.5 3.0 2.6

Miami-Miami Beach-Kendall(1)

1,372,977 1,398,892 1,353,913 1,398,354 39,657 23,597 40,617 25,066 2.9 1.7 3.0 1.8

Georgia

5,243,847 5,296,195 5,259,516 5,323,383 170,502 174,742 157,188 177,776 3.3 3.3 3.0 3.3

Hawaii

670,038 678,021 673,200 680,617 21,071 21,420 20,491 20,985 3.1 3.2 3.0 3.1

Idaho

940,225 960,802 945,910 962,446 30,454 30,416 28,769 30,076 3.2 3.2 3.0 3.1

Illinois

6,463,046 6,451,815 6,484,826 6,446,508 329,505 292,557 301,708 279,007 5.1 4.5 4.7 4.3

Chicago-Naperville-Arlington Heights(1)

3,862,717 3,854,835 3,856,844 3,845,379 194,672 156,699 171,182 156,387 5.0 4.1 4.4 4.1

Indiana

3,373,819 3,397,639 3,392,845 3,429,755 113,368 120,344 106,975 120,141 3.4 3.5 3.2 3.5

Iowa

1,720,435 1,727,064 1,719,182 1,731,952 51,738 56,238 48,595 51,896 3.0 3.3 2.8 3.0

Kansas

1,500,948 1,516,010 1,503,134 1,522,325 39,782 48,203 39,466 46,054 2.7 3.2 2.6 3.0

Kentucky

2,043,365 2,039,691 2,064,977 2,044,827 87,208 92,855 90,204 77,847 4.3 4.6 4.4 3.8

Louisiana

2,074,997 2,100,421 2,092,517 2,115,667 76,063 73,962 72,837 69,528 3.7 3.5 3.5 3.3

Maine

672,752 668,793 673,881 667,628 26,323 20,810 23,868 19,610 3.9 3.1 3.5 2.9

Maryland

3,163,757 3,170,392 3,177,080 3,214,536 117,442 96,839 106,394 74,269 3.7 3.1 3.3 2.3

Massachusetts

3,752,740 3,763,398 3,761,694 3,739,104 162,389 158,937 147,168 144,316 4.3 4.2 3.9 3.9

Michigan

4,801,422 4,839,421 4,833,263 4,869,939 236,630 220,655 216,189 198,780 4.9 4.6 4.5 4.1

Detroit-Warren-Dearborn(2)

2,113,536 2,089,502 2,120,992 2,117,808 101,541 78,658 90,431 60,070 4.8 3.8 4.3 2.8

Minnesota

3,054,593 3,070,660 3,061,581 3,082,964 96,942 109,634 95,370 96,650 3.2 3.6 3.1 3.1

Mississippi

1,258,225 1,240,073 1,255,151 1,246,134 52,912 39,942 43,439 38,375 4.2 3.2 3.5 3.1

Missouri

3,040,565 3,077,134 3,052,072 3,106,105 95,447 81,604 86,857 83,971 3.1 2.7 2.8 2.7

Montana

562,214 571,055 566,081 575,605 18,029 16,075 17,319 16,219 3.2 2.8 3.1 2.8

Nebraska

1,054,133 1,058,312 1,058,871 1,062,937 25,559 23,395 24,395 21,417 2.4 2.2 2.3 2.0

Nevada

1,524,000 1,581,180 1,530,468 1,578,107 82,882 89,757 79,514 85,435 5.4 5.7 5.2 5.4

New Hampshire

761,347 766,163 764,817 758,628 19,754 18,479 19,042 16,722 2.6 2.4 2.5 2.2

New Jersey

4,688,627 4,848,662 4,717,858 4,863,872 239,496 198,754 207,848 186,707 5.1 4.1 4.4 3.8

New Mexico

951,294 957,668 948,577 953,847 47,820 37,378 42,827 29,703 5.0 3.9 4.5 3.1

New York

9,594,922 9,663,959 9,626,570 9,688,007 516,107 431,189 453,168 391,974 5.4 4.5 4.7 4.0

New York City

4,128,094 4,170,666 4,119,649 4,166,255 295,788 232,810 259,152 216,039 7.2 5.6 6.3 5.2

North Carolina

5,134,373 5,165,033 5,174,042 5,228,216 190,375 185,528 178,514 185,569 3.7 3.6 3.5 3.5

North Dakota

410,158 412,475 412,560 416,211 11,259 10,873 11,317 10,495 2.7 2.6 2.7 2.5

Ohio

5,723,384 5,771,089 5,741,491 5,779,498 269,052 241,805 244,329 231,123 4.7 4.2 4.3 4.0

Cleveland-Elyria(2)

1,016,599 1,031,215 1,016,776 1,027,621 61,411 50,518 56,767 43,320 6.0 4.9 5.6 4.2

Oklahoma

1,875,420 1,900,517 1,890,267 1,921,375 59,975 59,188 53,853 56,075 3.2 3.1 2.8 2.9

Oregon

2,169,415 2,161,677 2,175,702 2,150,837 85,859 98,565 86,328 79,061 4.0 4.6 4.0 3.7

Pennsylvania

6,421,513 6,477,774 6,455,943 6,469,404 299,996 300,207 279,813 242,468 4.7 4.6 4.3 3.7

Rhode Island

570,069 566,969 569,429 564,168 23,327 22,142 18,401 20,267 4.1 3.9 3.2 3.6

South Carolina

2,375,243 2,411,001 2,381,230 2,428,552 90,864 89,322 75,952 81,942 3.8 3.7 3.2 3.4

South Dakota

469,888 474,983 472,634 478,201 11,696 11,731 10,266 8,472 2.5 2.5 2.2 1.8

Tennessee

3,374,782 3,361,917 3,375,604 3,364,645 116,625 120,406 109,010 105,299 3.5 3.6 3.2 3.1

Texas

14,613,813 15,045,849 14,633,464 15,118,353 634,693 676,626 552,714 632,500 4.3 4.5 3.8 4.2

Utah

1,726,744 1,782,776 1,733,281 1,793,833 43,309 46,175 40,520 43,602 2.5 2.6 2.3 2.4

Vermont

338,329 345,362 341,322 346,076 9,055 9,602 8,496 8,203 2.7 2.8 2.5 2.4

Virginia

4,387,721 4,520,085 4,425,797 4,580,802 118,297 131,645 118,305 129,821 2.7 2.9 2.7 2.8

Washington

3,967,866 4,088,845 3,978,514 4,089,386 177,269 201,192 165,858 171,803 4.5 4.9 4.2 4.2

Seattle-Bellevue-Everett(1)

1,766,616 1,802,474 1,761,857 1,817,068 50,182 44,261 46,500 49,357 2.8 2.5 2.6 2.7

West Virginia

782,675 775,152 779,081 775,712 37,215 28,569 32,730 27,710 4.8 3.7 4.2 3.6

Wisconsin

3,081,787 3,068,148 3,087,081 3,075,630 101,659 84,726 96,738 75,789 3.3 2.8 3.1 2.5

Wyoming

286,831 296,422 289,284 299,173 11,156 11,758 10,803 12,244 3.9 4.0 3.7 4.1

Puerto Rico

1,216,754 1,206,059 1,209,927 1,192,916 73,325 71,524 70,142 69,481 6.0 5.9 5.8 5.8

Footnotes
(1) Metropolitan division.
(2) Metropolitan statistical area.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data refer to place of residence. Data for Puerto Rico are derived from a monthly household survey similar to the Current Population Survey. Area definitions are based on Office of Management and Budget Bulletin No. 18-03, dated April 10, 2018, and are available on the BLS website at https://www.bls.gov/lau/lausmsa.htm. Estimates for the latest month are subject to revision the following month.


ESTABLISHMENT DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
Table 3. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by state and selected industry sector, seasonally adjusted
[In thousands]
State Total(1) Construction Manufacturing
Mar.
2022
Jan.
2023
Feb.
2023
Mar.
2023(p)
Mar.
2022
Jan.
2023
Feb.
2023
Mar.
2023(p)
Mar.
2022
Jan.
2023
Feb.
2023
Mar.
2023(p)

Alabama

2,095.6 2,136.9 2,138.9 2,141.9 98.4 101.0 101.1 101.2 271.2 279.1 278.5 277.4

Alaska

318.1 326.3 325.8 324.4 16.1 16.8 16.5 16.5 12.4 12.7 12.1 12.2

Arizona

3,076.4 3,142.1 3,145.6 3,145.0 190.6 193.3 195.8 196.5 189.4 195.4 195.5 197.4

Arkansas

1,320.8 1,353.2 1,352.8 1,353.2 56.7 59.9 60.1 60.5 161.2 164.5 164.2 164.2

California

17,535.7 17,937.3 17,959.1 17,967.8 911.9 913.5 912.8 904.6 1,324.8 1,346.9 1,345.5 1,345.6


Colorado

2,846.4 2,881.5 2,884.5 2,879.8 181.3 179.8 179.7 179.5 152.7 154.1 154.8 154.7

Connecticut

1,665.9 1,681.9 1,687.0 1,688.1 61.7 61.6 61.7 59.9 156.1 158.4 158.7 158.5

Delaware(2)

469.2 478.9 480.8 483.4 23.4 24.1 24.3 24.8 25.9 26.7 27.1 27.1

District of Columbia(2)

760.9 769.6 771.5 774.2 15.5 15.1 15.1 15.5 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0

Florida

9,278.6 9,643.1 9,678.0 9,691.6 592.0 610.2 609.4 607.1 404.1 421.2 418.0 417.0


Georgia

4,752.0 4,872.6 4,877.8 4,885.4 211.7 221.4 221.7 219.8 412.4 418.9 417.6 417.6

Hawaii(2)

609.6 629.5 632.6 632.5 37.1 39.9 38.5 38.2 12.5 12.7 12.8 12.9

Idaho

822.1 844.0 845.2 846.6 64.8 70.2 68.8 68.4 73.0 72.7 72.2 72.3

Illinois

5,988.8 6,103.9 6,112.0 6,119.9 228.4 233.2 232.1 232.6 565.0 570.7 570.0 568.6

Indiana

3,169.7 3,235.7 3,240.7 3,245.3 155.0 167.4 166.3 165.8 539.1 543.5 540.6 541.0


Iowa

1,566.9 1,590.0 1,590.0 1,592.9 80.9 85.9 84.8 84.7 222.2 225.7 225.4 226.1

Kansas

1,405.5 1,449.5 1,444.8 1,442.6 63.8 69.0 68.1 67.6 167.0 172.8 172.2 172.1

Kentucky

1,951.8 1,985.7 1,992.2 2,001.6 82.2 83.7 84.0 86.6 247.4 256.1 255.9 257.7

Louisiana

1,909.7 1,943.6 1,945.5 1,949.9 128.3 132.3 131.8 132.9 132.6 136.3 136.5 137.0

Maine

636.2 646.7 646.3 645.7 32.8 33.0 33.0 33.1 54.3 54.9 54.5 54.0


Maryland

2,697.4 2,729.2 2,728.5 2,733.3 161.1 162.1 161.5 161.7 109.9 110.9 110.8 109.7

Massachusetts

3,654.3 3,732.8 3,742.0 3,758.3 169.3 171.8 172.9 174.8 238.1 237.9 238.2 238.8

Michigan

4,341.2 4,401.8 4,414.4 4,416.3 182.3 188.6 189.5 189.8 603.5 606.9 609.0 607.7

Minnesota

2,910.6 2,972.9 2,981.6 2,975.9 130.8 133.1 134.9 133.0 321.6 327.4 328.3 327.0

Mississippi

1,161.0 1,177.2 1,177.8 1,176.0 46.5 46.9 47.7 47.6 148.4 149.6 147.7 147.4


Missouri

2,907.2 2,960.2 2,967.0 2,969.3 137.9 138.4 138.8 139.2 279.0 287.1 291.1 291.4

Montana

507.0 517.8 517.5 517.2 35.8 38.7 38.8 38.5 22.1 23.2 23.0 22.7

Nebraska

1,022.0 1,041.2 1,043.2 1,045.0 57.5 62.8 62.1 61.8 102.3 104.9 105.5 105.9

Nevada

1,468.2 1,530.7 1,538.6 1,541.2 104.2 113.2 114.1 112.7 65.2 67.2 67.5 67.7

New Hampshire

684.0 700.9 699.2 700.5 30.0 30.1 30.2 30.7 70.2 71.4 71.7 71.5


New Jersey

4,225.6 4,316.8 4,313.7 4,311.1 163.7 166.2 166.1 166.0 248.3 253.8 253.7 253.2

New Mexico

842.2 861.4 862.8 866.1 48.9 50.2 50.6 50.4 28.7 29.5 29.5 29.4

New York

9,439.1 9,660.3 9,689.0 9,707.1 385.4 403.8 404.5 403.6 421.8 425.8 425.5 425.2

North Carolina

4,758.7 4,875.7 4,884.6 4,891.6 244.9 253.8 253.7 253.5 472.4 477.0 478.2 478.2

North Dakota

425.5 432.4 433.7 434.6 26.5 26.2 26.5 26.5 27.0 27.6 27.6 27.5


Ohio

5,506.9 5,574.6 5,579.1 5,589.7 233.3 239.6 240.4 238.6 679.3 685.3 686.1 690.3

Oklahoma

1,685.0 1,728.2 1,727.7 1,726.4 79.2 82.9 82.8 83.0 131.6 135.4 135.3 135.1

Oregon

1,935.2 1,989.7 1,987.0 1,989.4 114.7 121.3 122.4 122.8 191.4 196.9 195.4 195.5

Pennsylvania

5,949.9 6,088.8 6,096.4 6,108.9 261.9 265.5 264.9 264.5 560.1 566.2 565.6 567.4

Rhode Island

492.9 499.1 501.3 500.6 21.0 23.1 23.5 23.5 40.0 40.4 40.1 39.9


South Carolina

2,222.9 2,276.0 2,279.3 2,283.5 107.8 109.9 109.2 109.3 260.3 261.9 262.0 262.9

South Dakota

450.4 458.5 460.3 460.1 25.9 25.0 25.2 25.6 45.0 45.9 45.9 46.1

Tennessee

3,214.0 3,305.7 3,309.2 3,310.9 144.5 154.9 152.5 151.1 360.8 367.7 367.4 368.9

Texas

13,264.1 13,773.7 13,810.6 13,839.2 767.5 799.5 802.9 808.7 911.7 953.4 947.0 948.4

Utah

1,664.8 1,701.3 1,711.2 1,711.3 128.9 137.5 137.5 136.3 150.9 152.2 152.8 153.2


Vermont

302.5 306.6 307.7 307.5 15.7 15.8 15.9 16.0 29.1 29.2 29.1 28.9

Virginia

4,038.5 4,128.0 4,133.1 4,138.4 208.3 215.8 214.5 213.1 243.7 245.6 245.1 244.8

Washington

3,503.4 3,598.2 3,613.6 3,615.1 229.9 237.4 236.5 232.9 266.0 273.1 275.1 275.2

West Virginia

697.9 698.0 699.1 699.9 33.3 31.7 31.0 30.8 45.9 46.1 45.7 45.7

Wisconsin

2,956.5 2,989.9 2,997.0 2,997.9 130.7 134.2 133.8 132.1 478.9 484.9 485.6 485.1

Wyoming

283.4 288.2 288.7 289.2 21.3 21.6 21.7 21.8 10.1 10.6 10.8 10.6


Puerto Rico

918.4 941.2 942.6 943.7 32.0 33.8 34.3 34.8 81.7 83.4 83.5 83.3

Virgin Islands(3)

35.0 35.0 35.1 35.3 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.1 - - - -

Footnotes
(1) Includes mining and logging, information, and other services (except public administration), not shown separately.
(2) Mining and logging is combined with construction.
(3) Missing series (denoted by '-') are not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data are counts of jobs by place of work. Estimates are currently estimated from 2022 benchmark levels. Estimates subsequent to the current benchmarks are preliminary and will be revised when new information becomes available.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
Table 3. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by state and selected industry sector, seasonally adjusted-Continued
[In thousands]
State Trade, transportation, and utilities Financial activities Professional and business services
Mar.
2022
Jan.
2023
Feb.
2023
Mar.
2023(p)
Mar.
2022
Jan.
2023
Feb.
2023
Mar.
2023(p)
Mar.
2022
Jan.
2023
Feb.
2023
Mar.
2023(p)

Alabama

406.2 406.3 406.3 407.4 100.8 101.9 102.2 102.9 258.4 266.1 266.8 267.3

Alaska

63.7 66.2 65.7 65.3 11.0 11.3 11.3 11.2 26.8 29.1 28.6 28.4

Arizona

607.4 601.6 602.5 602.7 249.2 253.0 253.0 251.4 463.2 480.7 476.4 475.4

Arkansas

268.7 276.0 276.5 276.0 70.1 70.3 70.1 69.9 151.2 152.6 152.7 152.3

California

3,138.2 3,135.8 3,138.5 3,141.7 844.6 846.1 849.3 845.6 2,844.4 2,912.6 2,909.1 2,903.5


Colorado

501.3 499.4 498.3 496.3 181.6 177.5 177.1 175.2 477.5 491.7 492.6 490.4

Connecticut

300.2 296.7 296.9 297.0 118.7 115.8 115.2 115.0 223.2 223.5 225.1 227.3

Delaware

88.7 90.7 90.5 91.1 47.9 50.0 50.1 50.7 65.2 66.8 67.3 67.3

District of Columbia

30.4 30.7 30.6 30.4 27.4 27.6 27.8 28.4 172.5 174.6 174.0 175.0

Florida

1,909.2 1,957.8 1,972.0 1,978.7 655.0 676.5 677.2 676.5 1,552.3 1,611.0 1,609.4 1,606.2


Georgia

1,025.8 1,020.9 1,024.5 1,026.2 269.1 279.1 279.4 278.9 770.6 779.6 775.4 773.9

Hawaii

114.2 116.4 116.2 116.4 27.6 27.7 27.6 27.6 71.0 71.5 71.9 72.1

Idaho

161.6 162.0 162.3 162.1 41.2 41.6 41.6 41.6 106.7 110.9 110.5 111.1

Illinois

1,214.6 1,223.0 1,224.4 1,223.9 401.7 402.9 402.7 404.2 970.9 973.6 969.5 972.5

Indiana

629.6 637.8 637.4 638.2 146.4 150.3 150.6 149.7 365.4 367.2 371.8 376.2


Iowa

314.7 312.4 312.5 311.4 108.8 108.3 108.4 109.0 145.9 145.0 145.6 146.0

Kansas

272.7 273.7 274.2 274.2 75.2 76.4 76.4 75.9 178.9 187.9 186.7 185.8

Kentucky

425.5 432.0 431.7 433.1 96.7 95.5 95.4 94.7 226.7 228.9 230.2 229.2

Louisiana

373.7 371.4 371.0 370.7 88.2 92.3 92.2 92.8 220.8 220.0 219.8 220.4

Maine

118.9 120.6 121.0 120.9 33.5 34.3 34.4 34.4 75.4 76.3 76.8 76.9


Maryland

479.3 477.4 475.6 476.1 134.2 136.1 135.7 136.2 472.6 465.5 468.5 469.2

Massachusetts

565.8 571.4 572.1 572.1 225.0 232.1 232.0 232.2 630.3 649.9 652.3 653.5

Michigan

805.4 807.1 810.4 810.8 233.7 228.2 228.8 227.9 656.4 660.9 659.4 660.7

Minnesota

525.7 532.0 532.5 530.2 190.9 191.4 191.3 191.3 383.7 390.0 391.2 390.0

Mississippi

242.4 246.3 246.7 245.4 43.8 44.0 44.4 44.6 118.3 118.0 117.0 116.7


Missouri

558.4 557.2 558.9 557.5 183.8 188.5 188.8 188.2 379.6 386.5 387.1 389.6

Montana

99.3 100.1 100.2 100.5 28.2 29.1 29.1 28.8 49.2 51.0 50.9 51.0

Nebraska

196.9 197.6 197.9 197.8 71.4 70.4 70.2 70.2 121.3 121.8 122.1 122.3

Nevada

292.3 292.6 294.6 295.2 75.2 76.0 75.4 75.4 207.8 217.2 218.6 219.2

New Hampshire

139.2 139.8 140.1 140.1 34.4 34.3 34.1 34.3 94.7 100.5 100.5 101.2


New Jersey

913.7 921.5 919.8 920.2 258.2 259.5 259.4 259.1 725.3 724.8 722.6 719.1

New Mexico

143.7 142.7 141.9 142.1 34.9 34.3 34.1 34.5 114.4 118.9 119.5 120.1

New York

1,485.4 1,475.0 1,474.6 1,474.1 718.5 738.5 737.7 737.3 1,345.2 1,384.5 1,388.2 1,390.0

North Carolina

920.8 923.3 923.2 924.0 288.5 296.7 296.7 296.0 724.7 747.0 748.6 749.4

North Dakota

90.5 91.4 91.9 92.3 24.4 24.3 24.2 24.4 34.6 35.4 35.4 34.9


Ohio

1,059.2 1,052.3 1,053.6 1,053.4 316.8 320.5 321.6 321.7 742.1 740.5 738.2 740.1

Oklahoma

322.1 325.8 325.8 323.9 80.4 81.0 81.1 81.5 200.5 206.2 205.9 205.1

Oregon

367.3 369.8 368.6 367.3 105.6 107.7 106.3 106.2 262.9 270.5 270.6 271.8

Pennsylvania

1,141.0 1,160.1 1,159.0 1,157.8 332.8 338.4 339.7 340.8 839.5 854.4 858.1 859.0

Rhode Island

76.7 78.0 78.3 77.1 34.4 35.4 35.4 35.3 69.4 68.7 69.2 69.7


South Carolina

431.6 438.0 438.7 439.9 115.3 118.5 118.3 119.0 305.4 310.7 310.7 309.2

South Dakota

88.7 90.9 92.2 91.9 28.0 27.8 27.8 27.8 36.5 37.0 37.0 36.6

Tennessee

675.8 688.0 686.5 685.0 173.5 174.4 174.2 173.7 462.0 472.2 473.3 472.7

Texas

2,689.4 2,752.2 2,758.1 2,763.5 866.3 905.1 904.4 901.8 2,034.5 2,109.0 2,121.3 2,116.5

Utah

311.8 315.9 316.6 316.5 98.3 96.2 96.4 95.9 244.3 252.1 251.4 251.2


Vermont

51.8 52.8 52.8 52.6 12.0 12.3 12.2 12.3 31.8 32.7 33.4 33.3

Virginia

664.5 667.9 667.9 666.0 215.1 214.4 214.2 213.4 797.6 814.3 812.4 815.9

Washington

612.4 619.0 618.5 619.8 165.7 165.8 166.2 166.2 541.4 559.0 562.2 559.9

West Virginia

123.8 122.4 122.9 123.3 25.3 25.3 25.1 25.5 71.8 70.8 71.1 71.4

Wisconsin

550.3 551.6 554.5 555.7 158.1 160.4 160.4 159.7 329.7 325.6 324.7 324.8

Wyoming

52.1 52.2 52.3 52.4 11.5 11.6 11.8 11.6 20.3 20.8 20.8 20.9


Puerto Rico

183.7 186.8 185.4 185.0 46.9 47.1 46.7 46.8 139.1 141.0 142.1 142.0

Virgin Islands(1)

6.5 6.9 6.9 6.9 - - - - - - - -

Footnotes
(1) Missing series (denoted by '-') are not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data are counts of jobs by place of work. Estimates are currently estimated from 2022 benchmark levels. Estimates subsequent to the current benchmarks are preliminary and will be revised when new information becomes available.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
Table 3. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by state and selected industry sector, seasonally adjusted-Continued
[In thousands]
State Education and health services Leisure and hospitality Government
Mar.
2022
Jan.
2023
Feb.
2023
Mar.
2023(p)
Mar.
2022
Jan.
2023
Feb.
2023
Mar.
2023(p)
Mar.
2022
Jan.
2023
Feb.
2023
Mar.
2023(p)

Alabama

245.5 252.1 253.1 253.5 196.4 202.0 201.8 201.4 389.2 395.7 396.0 397.9

Alaska

50.0 50.6 50.8 50.3 34.0 35.5 35.7 35.5 77.7 77.3 78.3 78.3

Arizona

475.8 498.5 500.1 497.9 332.0 343.9 344.3 344.7 409.6 415.2 417.5 418.8

Arkansas

196.5 203.8 203.1 203.3 120.7 126.5 126.5 126.6 207.1 208.5 208.7 208.8

California

2,890.5 3,020.6 3,029.1 3,036.1 1,882.9 2,007.7 2,015.3 2,020.2 2,518.6 2,560.4 2,565.4 2,572.3


Colorado

349.7 354.6 355.2 354.3 334.2 350.0 350.3 349.9 446.3 452.0 453.5 455.0

Connecticut

340.1 349.6 351.9 352.0 147.1 153.1 154.2 154.0 226.4 229.1 229.4 230.0

Delaware

78.9 79.3 79.3 79.6 50.0 51.2 51.6 52.0 66.8 67.7 68.5 68.6

District of Columbia

120.7 122.5 123.7 123.7 64.3 74.3 75.5 76.7 241.1 234.2 234.6 234.2

Florida

1,370.8 1,445.3 1,455.6 1,462.4 1,214.2 1,302.7 1,313.1 1,318.3 1,086.2 1,103.1 1,108.7 1,110.2


Georgia

617.7 648.1 650.3 653.4 474.5 510.4 511.9 515.7 672.0 684.0 686.3 688.4

Hawaii

86.2 87.5 87.7 86.2 108.0 119.5 120.0 120.3 119.0 118.4 122.0 122.8

Idaho

120.2 124.2 124.9 125.0 88.8 91.8 92.1 92.5 125.3 129.5 131.1 131.8

Illinois

920.9 955.2 957.2 957.5 554.5 589.4 594.7 597.7 787.6 804.1 809.2 810.8

Indiana

469.0 483.1 483.4 482.4 299.6 313.9 315.6 316.3 409.4 411.5 413.5 414.8


Iowa

225.4 234.7 234.2 235.7 136.3 141.1 141.2 141.4 255.6 259.1 260.3 260.6

Kansas

197.1 204.6 204.9 204.3 126.4 134.1 133.8 134.0 250.3 256.3 253.5 254.2

Kentucky

285.7 293.3 294.4 297.1 195.1 198.5 198.4 200.0 298.1 299.5 304.0 304.7

Louisiana

320.8 332.0 334.5 335.3 210.8 219.4 220.2 220.7 309.9 314.6 314.4 314.0

Maine

125.0 127.5 127.7 128.2 65.5 67.3 66.7 66.3 98.9 100.6 100.2 100.0


Maryland

440.4 456.3 455.7 457.3 249.8 257.4 256.1 257.6 507.3 519.6 519.7 520.2

Massachusetts

804.7 821.9 825.6 830.9 345.2 355.6 356.0 361.9 446.6 457.5 457.2 457.8

Michigan

656.5 674.2 673.5 675.4 397.4 411.3 414.9 415.5 581.2 599.1 602.6 603.0

Minnesota

543.9 558.6 558.6 559.2 250.5 268.1 269.9 270.6 406.1 413.7 414.5 414.9

Mississippi

142.2 148.6 149.0 148.9 131.4 134.4 135.9 136.3 232.4 233.3 233.6 233.7


Missouri

484.6 495.3 495.4 493.8 294.0 307.6 308.3 311.1 424.7 427.6 428.2 428.4

Montana

80.2 82.6 82.4 82.6 70.1 71.5 71.8 71.5 90.4 90.0 89.6 89.9

Nebraska

155.4 158.8 158.9 159.4 91.3 94.9 96.5 97.0 170.2 170.5 171.8 172.3

Nevada

154.9 161.9 165.2 167.2 330.7 353.9 355.2 356.2 163.3 171.2 171.1 170.9

New Hampshire

121.6 126.8 125.0 124.9 70.4 72.8 73.3 74.1 86.5 88.1 86.5 86.3


New Jersey

721.0 764.3 766.5 766.6 372.1 393.0 393.2 395.3 583.7 586.2 586.3 586.3

New Mexico

139.8 143.7 144.7 145.7 93.5 97.0 97.0 97.3 178.7 182.7 183.1 184.3

New York

2,115.7 2,190.1 2,202.1 2,212.5 847.0 910.5 915.1 922.9 1,440.1 1,447.8 1,448.4 1,447.4

North Carolina

644.8 666.6 669.6 672.5 492.7 525.9 527.2 529.6 718.7 720.7 723.2 723.2

North Dakota

66.4 67.7 67.7 67.9 38.8 39.8 40.2 39.9 81.6 82.0 81.9 81.8


Ohio

896.2 917.3 920.0 924.2 535.6 556.0 557.0 558.3 761.8 771.0 768.9 770.0

Oklahoma

238.7 247.7 247.1 246.9 170.2 182.6 182.7 182.1 348.9 350.6 351.6 352.3

Oregon

301.6 309.2 310.0 311.6 195.9 205.7 204.9 204.7 291.3 301.4 302.1 302.4

Pennsylvania

1,246.9 1,295.6 1,295.4 1,298.9 529.4 551.6 556.5 561.0 676.9 682.6 683.3 684.8

Rhode Island

104.3 104.8 104.8 104.6 57.1 57.5 57.8 57.7 63.1 63.2 64.0 65.0


South Carolina

259.8 275.4 275.0 275.4 262.5 271.3 273.3 274.7 365.6 371.8 373.7 374.2

South Dakota

74.6 76.8 76.7 76.5 48.3 50.6 50.4 50.2 79.6 80.4 81.0 81.0

Tennessee

445.7 460.3 461.3 462.4 337.3 357.5 360.2 362.6 432.1 441.4 444.2 444.8

Texas

1,775.8 1,853.1 1,864.1 1,869.5 1,382.7 1,460.7 1,464.7 1,472.1 1,978.8 2,023.5 2,030.3 2,036.0

Utah

221.7 228.3 230.2 231.4 159.4 161.4 166.3 167.1 251.5 257.5 257.9 258.3


Vermont

61.4 62.1 62.2 62.2 32.6 32.1 32.5 32.8 53.2 54.3 54.4 54.2

Virginia

545.6 570.4 572.3 574.5 384.9 407.9 407.9 409.0 713.3 719.6 726.3 728.2

Washington

510.8 525.4 532.7 534.1 322.3 340.8 341.9 343.7 562.8 575.8 578.6 579.8

West Virginia

127.3 129.7 130.5 130.2 70.4 70.3 70.1 70.1 149.0 148.8 149.2 149.3

Wisconsin

454.1 465.3 466.1 466.8 265.9 270.8 272.2 272.8 393.8 399.2 402.0 402.7

Wyoming

28.6 29.4 29.7 30.0 37.6 38.3 37.9 38.0 67.0 67.7 67.8 68.1


Puerto Rico

120.1 124.0 124.2 124.4 84.7 90.6 91.4 92.2 194.2 198.4 198.8 199.1

Virgin Islands

2.3 2.4 2.5 2.5 6.3 6.0 6.1 6.1 10.9 10.8 10.8 10.9

Footnotes
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data are counts of jobs by place of work. Estimates are currently estimated from 2022 benchmark levels. Estimates subsequent to the current benchmarks are preliminary and will be revised when new information becomes available.


ESTABLISHMENT DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
Table 4. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by state and selected industry sector, not seasonally adjusted
[In thousands]
State Total Mining and logging Construction
February March February March February March
2022 2023 2022 2023(p) 2022 2023 2022 2023(p) 2022 2023 2022 2023(p)

Alabama

2,089.6 2,133.9 2,090.1 2,137.3 9.0 8.6 9.0 8.4 97.1 100.2 99.0 100.8

Alaska

305.6 316.3 308.1 316.2 10.4 10.5 10.6 10.3 13.6 14.4 13.9 14.5

Arizona

3,082.8 3,155.2 3,082.8 3,145.4 12.5 13.7 12.5 13.7 188.4 194.5 190.2 196.0

Arkansas

1,315.1 1,346.2 1,319.6 1,350.9 5.2 4.9 5.2 5.0 55.2 58.4 55.8 59.4

California

17,419.2 17,867.8 17,495.0 17,905.1 19.1 19.8 19.0 19.7 896.5 900.0 903.6 888.4


Colorado

2,817.0 2,865.7 2,827.7 2,865.4 20.1 21.3 20.2 21.4 175.5 173.5 176.3 174.4

Connecticut

1,636.3 1,665.5 1,646.4 1,670.0 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.5 55.4 55.9 57.5 55.5

Delaware(1)

460.3 472.0 463.8 477.3 - - - - 22.8 23.3 23.1 24.1

District of Columbia(1)

754.3 765.4 758.8 769.7 - - - - 15.2 14.7 15.4 15.2

Florida

9,297.5 9,695.6 9,314.9 9,710.2 5.5 5.8 5.5 5.8 590.6 608.5 592.4 605.5


Georgia

4,726.9 4,868.2 4,738.6 4,878.1 9.6 9.8 9.6 9.8 209.3 219.8 210.5 219.1

Hawaii(1)

609.5 633.8 612.0 633.4 - - - - 36.5 38.5 37.0 38.1

Idaho

811.3 835.9 816.1 839.4 4.0 4.0 3.8 4.0 61.7 66.2 63.1 65.8

Illinois

5,881.5 6,023.7 5,929.6 6,046.9 6.5 6.9 6.6 6.9 201.3 204.9 211.6 213.1

Indiana

3,128.9 3,211.6 3,150.6 3,228.1 5.3 5.7 5.5 5.8 143.7 156.8 147.3 161.1


Iowa

1,546.8 1,569.3 1,552.2 1,575.0 1.9 2.2 2.0 2.2 69.7 72.7 72.1 74.9

Kansas

1,395.8 1,436.9 1,397.1 1,436.7 6.0 6.4 6.0 6.4 61.1 65.2 61.7 65.9

Kentucky

1,929.3 1,977.1 1,943.2 1,990.4 7.8 8.5 7.8 8.7 77.5 79.7 79.5 82.8

Louisiana

1,907.4 1,939.5 1,905.4 1,949.0 30.2 31.7 30.4 32.6 127.6 131.2 128.2 133.1

Maine

617.5 627.2 620.5 627.9 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 30.4 30.1 30.6 30.2


Maryland

2,672.9 2,692.4 2,672.7 2,714.1 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.4 157.4 157.6 158.6 159.0

Massachusetts

3,579.1 3,676.7 3,597.1 3,705.1 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 157.2 160.7 159.4 165.2

Michigan

4,273.1 4,364.4 4,298.2 4,373.2 6.4 7.0 6.6 7.0 163.5 174.8 168.0 176.4

Minnesota

2,866.7 2,932.7 2,859.9 2,924.0 6.2 6.1 6.3 6.2 113.0 117.7 114.5 116.1

Mississippi

1,158.2 1,173.5 1,157.4 1,171.2 6.0 6.2 6.1 6.1 46.9 47.3 46.4 47.6


Missouri

2,872.9 2,940.6 2,888.6 2,955.9 4.3 4.4 4.3 4.5 130.5 132.1 133.6 135.2

Montana

496.5 507.5 499.1 509.4 6.6 6.7 6.5 6.7 32.0 34.8 33.0 35.0

Nebraska

1,008.9 1,031.6 1,013.0 1,038.5 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 53.1 57.9 54.4 59.2

Nevada

1,452.2 1,529.0 1,461.8 1,533.7 14.9 15.1 15.0 15.2 100.7 112.4 103.2 111.7

New Hampshire

674.8 692.5 677.1 693.0 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 27.9 28.5 28.3 28.9


New Jersey

4,145.6 4,235.3 4,177.1 4,246.9 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.7 153.6 156.1 157.3 158.1

New Mexico

837.5 860.2 840.1 865.4 20.0 23.0 20.3 22.9 47.8 50.2 48.4 50.5

New York

9,306.5 9,568.4 9,365.3 9,622.0 4.8 5.2 5.0 5.2 358.6 382.7 366.2 386.2

North Carolina

4,713.1 4,857.5 4,741.9 4,886.6 5.5 5.3 5.5 5.5 241.6 250.6 244.3 251.2

North Dakota

416.6 427.8 419.7 429.7 14.5 17.5 14.9 18.3 21.6 22.8 22.5 23.3


Ohio

5,425.1 5,508.3 5,450.1 5,539.0 8.5 9.0 8.8 9.1 211.3 220.7 219.5 223.4

Oklahoma

1,674.0 1,717.5 1,679.9 1,722.9 29.5 30.7 29.8 31.8 78.0 81.3 78.9 82.3

Oregon

1,917.1 1,970.2 1,928.6 1,979.5 6.3 6.1 6.2 6.3 111.6 117.8 112.6 119.2

Pennsylvania

5,867.2 6,032.5 5,915.7 6,065.5 21.4 22.8 21.6 22.7 239.1 246.9 247.5 250.9

Rhode Island

481.9 489.5 485.0 490.0 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 19.0 21.5 19.4 21.8


South Carolina

2,207.6 2,264.8 2,211.5 2,276.0 4.3 4.5 4.3 4.5 106.2 109.4 106.9 109.4

South Dakota

439.6 450.6 442.9 451.7 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.1 22.5 21.5 23.0 22.5

Tennessee

3,190.4 3,292.4 3,204.5 3,298.6 4.3 4.4 4.4 4.4 140.4 149.8 143.1 149.6

Texas

13,171.9 13,753.9 13,219.6 13,789.3 192.0 211.3 192.9 212.7 760.6 793.0 766.1 800.9

Utah

1,655.0 1,701.9 1,661.3 1,705.4 9.4 10.0 9.5 10.2 124.7 132.0 126.9 132.8


Vermont

301.3 307.0 302.6 306.0 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.7 13.7 13.9 14.0 14.0

Virginia

4,002.9 4,103.4 4,014.5 4,115.4 7.0 7.0 7.1 7.1 203.3 210.0 205.4 210.0

Washington

3,454.0 3,581.1 3,478.7 3,592.7 5.4 5.7 5.4 5.7 222.8 231.0 225.8 230.8

West Virginia

686.2 689.3 691.3 694.5 19.2 20.7 19.3 21.0 29.4 28.0 30.4 28.7

Wisconsin

2,905.3 2,951.2 2,917.5 2,960.4 3.4 3.6 3.5 3.6 117.8 121.4 119.9 121.1

Wyoming

276.0 282.7 277.4 284.1 15.6 16.3 15.8 16.3 18.9 19.5 19.3 20.2


Puerto Rico

910.6 942.8 922.4 946.1 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.6 31.0 34.2 32.3 35.2

Virgin Islands(1)

34.3 35.2 34.9 35.4 - - - - 1.9 2.1 2.0 2.1

Footnotes
(1) Mining and logging is combined with construction.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data are counts of jobs by place of work. Estimates are currently estimated from 2022 benchmark levels. Estimates subsequent to the current benchmarks are preliminary and will be revised when new information becomes available.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
Table 4. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by state and selected industry sector, not seasonally adjusted-Continued
[In thousands]
State Manufacturing Trade, transportation, and utilities Information
February March February March February March
2022 2023 2022 2023(p) 2022 2023 2022 2023(p) 2022 2023 2022 2023(p)

Alabama

270.2 278.4 271.0 276.8 406.8 406.1 404.3 406.0 22.0 22.9 22.4 22.4

Alaska

11.5 11.4 11.4 11.7 60.3 63.0 60.6 62.4 4.8 4.8 4.7 4.7

Arizona

187.8 194.6 188.9 196.4 606.4 602.6 603.8 600.5 50.8 50.6 50.9 50.2

Arkansas

160.8 164.0 161.0 163.9 267.0 274.4 267.0 274.8 12.5 12.8 12.5 12.7

California

1,313.7 1,330.9 1,320.9 1,336.7 3,118.9 3,119.1 3,108.9 3,111.7 611.7 592.6 607.5 600.4


Colorado

152.0 154.5 152.3 154.4 499.3 498.1 497.8 493.3 78.5 76.7 78.9 77.3

Connecticut

154.4 158.2 155.4 157.8 295.8 295.6 295.3 294.4 31.2 31.0 30.9 31.0

Delaware

25.8 26.9 25.8 27.0 86.8 89.7 87.1 89.9 3.7 3.6 3.7 3.6

District of Columbia

1.0 1.0 1.1 1.0 30.2 30.5 30.1 30.3 20.5 20.9 20.7 20.9

Florida

403.2 417.4 404.9 417.5 1,912.8 1,968.0 1,902.6 1,973.8 151.7 153.2 153.2 152.2


Georgia

412.5 418.5 413.5 417.1 1,018.1 1,025.2 1,019.3 1,025.9 128.8 130.3 130.8 129.8

Hawaii

12.3 12.7 12.4 12.8 113.0 116.0 113.6 115.8 8.7 8.9 8.9 8.9

Idaho

72.6 71.5 72.8 71.7 160.5 160.9 160.7 160.5 8.8 9.2 8.8 9.5

Illinois

563.7 568.2 566.6 567.8 1,198.9 1,212.1 1,200.3 1,210.2 93.7 91.7 93.9 91.1

Indiana

537.7 539.0 539.5 539.9 621.2 630.1 623.3 630.9 26.5 25.7 26.6 25.6


Iowa

220.7 224.5 221.2 224.9 311.8 310.7 311.0 308.2 19.0 18.9 19.0 19.0

Kansas

165.7 171.6 166.8 171.8 271.0 272.2 269.8 271.9 18.1 18.1 18.2 18.0

Kentucky

248.1 256.6 248.1 257.6 422.0 428.5 423.2 429.7 20.9 21.8 21.0 21.8

Louisiana

131.4 135.6 132.2 136.6 373.9 368.1 372.6 369.2 22.2 23.6 23.0 22.8

Maine

53.4 53.7 53.7 53.2 116.1 118.0 116.2 117.7 7.9 7.8 7.9 7.8


Maryland

109.2 109.8 108.9 109.0 475.2 468.0 472.6 470.6 35.4 34.6 35.4 34.9

Massachusetts

236.2 236.1 237.2 236.9 554.3 566.0 554.7 565.1 94.8 96.6 94.5 96.3

Michigan

592.5 605.4 602.9 603.5 794.7 800.6 794.8 802.2 54.8 57.4 55.1 56.9

Minnesota

317.3 323.9 318.3 322.5 517.8 524.5 515.6 524.1 44.6 45.8 44.6 46.1

Mississippi

148.8 148.2 148.2 147.0 241.1 245.7 240.2 243.5 9.9 10.3 10.0 10.2


Missouri

277.8 290.9 279.0 291.8 554.4 557.2 554.3 555.2 47.6 47.9 47.9 47.7

Montana

22.0 22.9 21.8 22.5 98.3 99.3 98.3 99.3 5.8 5.7 5.7 5.6

Nebraska

102.0 105.3 102.5 105.8 194.9 196.1 194.9 196.8 17.9 18.1 17.9 18.2

Nevada

64.8 67.3 65.2 67.4 291.6 292.4 289.2 292.8 16.7 18.8 17.3 18.8

New Hampshire

69.5 71.2 70.0 71.0 136.5 138.7 137.1 138.9 11.9 11.7 11.9 11.6


New Jersey

246.6 252.3 248.0 252.5 900.9 907.4 901.7 906.9 73.2 75.8 73.8 75.9

New Mexico

28.3 29.2 28.3 29.1 143.2 141.2 142.3 141.0 10.3 10.8 10.6 10.6

New York

418.0 420.6 420.4 423.5 1,461.1 1,456.2 1,461.9 1,454.6 290.3 290.8 292.6 293.0

North Carolina

470.5 477.0 472.3 476.5 914.2 914.5 912.6 918.7 78.8 85.1 79.2 84.6

North Dakota

26.5 27.2 26.7 27.3 89.4 91.1 89.8 91.1 5.8 5.6 5.8 5.6


Ohio

676.7 684.5 679.2 691.5 1,048.0 1,045.2 1,049.7 1,042.2 68.4 67.9 68.6 68.3

Oklahoma

131.3 135.2 131.9 134.8 320.0 323.5 318.7 322.1 17.3 17.6 17.4 17.6

Oregon

189.5 192.5 189.9 192.4 364.1 365.0 364.4 362.8 36.3 36.5 36.6 36.7

Pennsylvania

556.4 563.9 560.0 565.8 1,132.5 1,151.9 1,133.2 1,149.2 90.6 95.1 91.1 95.8

Rhode Island

39.8 40.0 40.0 39.7 75.6 77.5 75.5 76.2 5.4 5.9 5.5 5.8


South Carolina

259.4 261.4 260.6 262.6 429.9 435.1 428.7 437.5 29.1 31.3 29.0 31.8

South Dakota

44.7 45.7 44.9 46.0 87.2 91.2 87.5 90.8 5.2 5.2 5.2 5.2

Tennessee

359.0 368.2 360.9 369.9 674.6 685.5 673.1 681.5 51.9 56.3 52.8 56.3

Texas

905.1 945.0 910.4 946.5 2,665.4 2,747.5 2,665.1 2,748.6 221.0 237.9 223.3 236.7

Utah

150.3 152.0 150.6 152.5 309.3 314.3 308.7 313.7 43.4 45.5 44.2 44.9


Vermont

28.8 28.9 28.8 28.5 51.2 52.6 51.3 52.0 4.3 4.5 4.2 4.5

Virginia

241.1 244.2 243.1 243.8 657.7 661.5 657.8 657.2 68.7 70.0 68.9 70.8

Washington

263.5 273.3 264.4 273.0 604.8 611.4 605.1 612.5 164.7 169.0 165.7 170.1

West Virginia

45.5 45.1 45.8 45.4 122.0 121.1 121.9 122.1 7.7 7.7 7.8 7.7

Wisconsin

474.8 483.0 476.3 482.9 541.5 545.4 542.0 547.3 45.3 45.2 45.4 45.0

Wyoming

9.8 10.6 9.9 10.5 51.3 51.8 51.3 51.7 3.0 3.1 3.0 3.1


Puerto Rico

81.0 83.7 82.4 83.5 181.6 185.1 183.0 184.9 16.5 16.5 16.8 16.4

Virgin Islands

0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 6.5 6.9 6.5 7.0 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.5

Footnotes
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data are counts of jobs by place of work. Estimates are currently estimated from 2022 benchmark levels. Estimates subsequent to the current benchmarks are preliminary and will be revised when new information becomes available.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
Table 4. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by state and selected industry sector, not seasonally adjusted-Continued
[In thousands]
State Financial activities Professional and business services Education and health services
February March February March February March
2022 2023 2022 2023(p) 2022 2023 2022 2023(p) 2022 2023 2022 2023(p)

Alabama

100.5 101.3 100.3 102.1 259.6 267.0 257.7 267.7 244.9 253.3 243.7 252.6

Alaska

10.8 11.0 10.9 11.1 26.2 28.0 26.3 27.4 50.0 51.0 50.2 50.7

Arizona

249.3 253.5 249.2 250.1 465.2 475.2 462.3 471.1 478.1 504.1 476.6 499.8

Arkansas

69.8 69.2 69.7 69.1 150.8 152.5 151.0 152.2 196.7 203.5 197.1 203.9

California

843.3 848.4 840.0 842.6 2,827.4 2,891.9 2,829.8 2,887.3 2,883.1 3,039.0 2,899.1 3,046.7


Colorado

180.8 176.3 181.0 173.8 468.9 487.3 470.1 484.8 350.0 355.7 350.4 354.6

Connecticut

117.9 114.8 118.2 114.8 215.8 218.7 218.6 223.5 340.0 353.7 340.8 352.5

Delaware

47.8 50.0 47.7 50.6 64.1 65.7 64.5 66.8 78.9 79.1 79.1 79.4

District of Columbia

27.3 27.6 27.4 28.3 171.3 173.2 171.8 174.0 122.7 124.8 123.2 124.8

Florida

651.5 673.4 653.4 674.0 1,549.0 1,610.6 1,551.8 1,606.8 1,374.9 1,462.4 1,371.8 1,465.8


Georgia

268.0 279.8 268.1 278.7 768.1 772.6 765.8 769.7 617.4 653.0 618.5 656.2

Hawaii

27.5 27.5 27.6 27.4 70.9 71.9 70.9 72.4 86.8 88.3 86.7 86.5

Idaho

40.8 41.4 41.0 41.5 103.9 108.0 105.2 109.4 120.4 125.9 121.0 126.1

Illinois

397.9 400.6 398.7 402.5 949.4 950.6 955.7 949.7 920.9 963.5 925.7 963.1

Indiana

145.3 149.4 145.0 148.8 358.7 364.8 360.5 369.3 468.5 485.0 469.9 483.9


Iowa

108.2 107.9 108.2 108.3 142.6 142.4 143.7 142.9 230.7 237.1 230.2 238.7

Kansas

75.1 76.2 74.6 75.3 177.1 183.7 176.3 183.4 197.1 205.5 196.7 204.6

Kentucky

95.9 95.0 96.1 94.3 223.8 229.8 224.1 227.6 284.4 294.9 285.5 297.6

Louisiana

87.9 92.2 87.7 92.6 221.0 217.2 220.4 220.2 320.9 334.5 319.5 334.7

Maine

33.1 34.1 33.1 34.0 73.5 74.8 73.7 75.2 125.2 128.1 125.9 129.2


Maryland

134.8 134.1 133.3 134.6 470.0 461.2 467.1 464.0 443.2 456.7 441.6 460.0

Massachusetts

223.3 230.9 223.4 230.7 616.3 637.6 617.7 640.4 809.0 831.1 811.1 839.2

Michigan

231.8 226.5 232.0 225.7 652.6 655.0 650.7 656.8 657.2 674.3 656.9 676.6

Minnesota

190.3 190.4 189.3 190.2 378.9 382.0 375.7 379.1 547.7 559.2 544.6 559.2

Mississippi

43.7 44.1 43.7 44.4 118.8 115.1 117.7 115.8 141.5 149.9 142.0 149.2


Missouri

182.4 187.9 182.5 187.4 374.3 383.2 376.8 388.3 486.7 499.4 483.9 495.3

Montana

27.9 28.9 27.9 28.6 47.8 49.0 48.0 49.6 80.6 83.1 80.7 83.2

Nebraska

71.2 69.6 71.0 69.8 119.0 120.2 119.9 120.7 155.9 159.4 155.6 160.0

Nevada

74.9 74.9 75.0 75.1 205.2 216.2 205.3 216.7 154.3 166.2 154.8 167.8

New Hampshire

34.3 33.9 34.2 34.1 92.2 99.8 93.0 100.2 123.9 127.0 123.6 125.4


New Jersey

255.1 258.6 256.5 257.8 708.5 701.8 714.3 702.8 722.0 766.8 726.0 769.8

New Mexico

34.7 33.8 34.7 34.1 113.8 118.5 113.6 119.2 140.3 145.6 140.1 146.4

New York

711.6 731.1 712.3 732.9 1,320.2 1,364.0 1,328.5 1,371.2 2,139.7 2,218.3 2,150.1 2,236.8

North Carolina

284.8 294.1 285.6 293.9 719.7 746.0 721.4 747.2 643.5 670.1 645.0 675.2

North Dakota

24.4 24.1 24.3 24.3 33.5 34.5 33.9 34.2 66.1 67.7 66.5 68.0


Ohio

313.6 320.0 314.1 319.7 730.1 720.4 728.9 724.2 895.4 924.4 895.8 930.0

Oklahoma

79.8 80.8 79.8 81.2 197.3 202.4 198.7 203.1 237.8 247.4 237.9 246.0

Oregon

104.5 105.8 104.8 105.2 259.9 268.4 261.9 270.6 303.3 311.6 305.0 314.1

Pennsylvania

329.7 337.6 331.0 338.7 822.9 846.1 831.7 847.8 1,254.0 1,302.9 1,260.0 1,312.7

Rhode Island

34.3 35.0 34.2 34.9 67.8 66.6 67.6 66.8 104.6 105.9 105.9 105.9


South Carolina

114.2 118.1 114.3 118.5 305.2 313.0 302.4 308.8 261.9 275.5 260.5 275.3

South Dakota

27.8 27.7 27.8 27.6 35.6 36.5 36.0 35.9 74.5 76.8 74.8 77.0

Tennessee

172.4 173.0 172.5 172.6 456.4 467.6 457.1 467.8 446.6 462.5 447.5 463.6

Texas

859.9 900.4 861.7 898.5 2,022.6 2,109.0 2,025.2 2,097.0 1,767.2 1,865.1 1,768.2 1,868.1

Utah

98.1 96.1 97.7 95.3 241.0 247.1 241.3 246.9 225.6 234.1 225.3 235.6


Vermont

11.9 12.0 11.9 12.2 30.8 32.8 30.9 32.2 61.9 62.3 63.1 62.9

Virginia

213.4 213.6 213.7 212.6 791.9 804.1 790.3 809.9 550.1 573.2 548.4 574.1

Washington

164.4 165.2 165.5 164.7 532.0 556.4 536.7 554.6 510.4 534.9 513.8 537.5

West Virginia

25.0 24.8 25.2 25.3 70.6 69.7 71.4 70.9 127.3 130.8 127.7 130.3

Wisconsin

156.8 159.9 157.0 158.9 323.4 317.5 325.3 319.6 453.7 464.5 453.8 466.6

Wyoming

11.3 11.8 11.4 11.6 19.4 20.0 19.5 20.0 29.0 29.9 28.9 30.2


Puerto Rico

46.5 46.6 47.0 46.7 137.9 141.7 140.1 141.7 119.1 123.9 121.1 125.1

Virgin Islands

1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 2.9 2.8 2.9 2.8 2.3 2.5 2.3 2.5

Footnotes
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data are counts of jobs by place of work. Estimates are currently estimated from 2022 benchmark levels. Estimates subsequent to the current benchmarks are preliminary and will be revised when new information becomes available.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
Table 4. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by state and selected industry sector, not seasonally adjusted-Continued
[In thousands]
State Leisure and hospitality Other services Government
February March February March February March
2022 2023 2022 2023(p) 2022 2023 2022 2023(p) 2022 2023 2022 2023(p)

Alabama

192.7 197.8 194.1 199.5 97.6 101.5 98.1 102.1 389.2 396.8 390.5 398.9

Alaska

29.1 31.6 30.0 32.3 10.6 11.0 10.7 11.2 78.3 79.6 78.8 79.9

Arizona

330.4 343.5 334.6 344.6 95.1 95.5 95.6 95.1 418.8 427.4 418.2 427.9

Arkansas

116.9 122.1 119.4 124.6 70.3 72.8 70.7 73.1 209.9 211.6 210.2 212.2

California

1,836.1 1,980.2 1,867.8 1,999.4 548.7 570.9 551.9 571.5 2,520.7 2,575.0 2,546.5 2,600.7


Colorado

325.4 345.6 330.0 348.4 120.3 122.7 120.8 124.9 446.2 454.0 449.9 458.1

Connecticut

135.5 142.5 138.0 144.0 59.4 60.9 59.9 61.7 230.5 233.7 231.4 234.3

Delaware

44.8 46.3 46.5 47.6 18.4 18.2 18.4 18.3 67.2 69.2 67.9 70.0

District of Columbia

59.3 71.5 62.0 74.4 66.6 67.8 66.7 67.8 240.2 233.4 240.4 233.0

Florida

1,214.8 1,314.4 1,236.2 1,328.0 338.3 355.0 337.7 352.3 1,105.2 1,126.9 1,105.4 1,128.5


Georgia

460.9 500.7 468.2 510.4 159.5 169.3 159.7 170.4 674.7 689.2 674.6 691.0

Hawaii

106.6 118.8 107.6 119.4 25.5 26.8 25.7 27.0 121.7 124.4 121.6 125.1

Idaho

85.0 88.7 85.9 89.8 26.8 27.8 27.0 27.7 126.8 132.3 126.8 133.4

Illinois

519.4 561.2 534.8 572.5 241.0 250.2 242.8 251.8 788.8 813.8 792.9 818.2

Indiana

288.1 303.0 293.6 308.7 122.2 128.9 122.9 128.8 411.7 423.2 416.5 425.3


Iowa

129.0 133.6 130.8 135.4 55.1 55.7 55.3 56.1 258.1 263.6 258.7 264.4

Kansas

121.7 129.0 123.2 130.5 49.2 50.8 49.3 50.1 253.7 258.2 254.5 258.8

Kentucky

184.0 188.8 190.7 194.2 64.5 66.8 65.2 67.6 300.4 306.7 302.0 308.5

Louisiana

208.6 218.1 209.4 220.0 70.0 69.4 70.6 70.6 313.7 317.9 311.4 316.6

Maine

54.1 55.0 55.3 55.2 21.3 21.7 21.4 21.7 100.4 101.8 100.6 101.6


Maryland

231.3 237.8 236.6 245.2 105.8 107.4 105.2 108.3 509.3 523.8 512.1 527.1

Massachusetts

307.1 320.6 315.5 332.0 128.6 134.3 130.0 135.2 451.5 461.9 452.7 463.2

Michigan

371.4 389.9 379.1 394.6 159.0 159.1 160.2 158.6 589.2 614.4 591.9 614.9

Minnesota

234.7 255.6 236.2 255.6 104.7 106.2 104.3 105.7 411.5 421.3 410.5 419.2

Mississippi

128.5 132.3 129.7 133.0 39.1 39.5 39.3 39.0 233.9 234.9 234.1 235.4


Missouri

275.3 288.3 284.5 300.6 110.8 116.9 111.9 116.2 428.8 432.4 429.9 433.7

Montana

66.3 68.1 67.1 68.6 19.0 18.9 19.1 19.1 90.2 90.1 91.0 91.2

Nebraska

87.7 92.6 88.4 94.1 36.3 38.7 36.6 39.1 169.9 172.7 170.8 173.8

Nevada

322.3 348.9 329.3 352.0 41.0 42.2 41.4 42.0 165.8 174.6 166.1 174.2

New Hampshire

64.7 66.4 65.0 67.7 23.3 24.5 23.5 24.5 89.7 89.9 89.6 89.8


New Jersey

334.4 355.8 344.9 364.9 159.5 164.9 161.1 163.1 590.2 594.1 591.9 593.4

New Mexico

90.3 94.9 92.2 96.8 27.7 28.0 27.9 28.2 181.1 185.0 181.7 186.6

New York

783.0 855.5 804.3 873.6 375.2 389.1 377.6 392.1 1,444.0 1,454.9 1,446.4 1,452.9

North Carolina

466.9 509.1 477.7 515.9 164.4 172.6 164.9 174.6 723.2 733.1 733.4 743.3

North Dakota

37.6 39.2 37.8 39.2 14.6 14.5 14.6 15.0 82.6 83.6 82.9 83.4


Ohio

500.9 524.0 514.2 534.4 201.9 213.9 202.9 213.7 770.3 778.3 768.4 782.5

Oklahoma

165.3 177.3 168.0 180.1 65.3 66.1 65.8 67.1 352.4 355.2 353.0 356.8

Oregon

187.1 196.8 190.3 200.1 60.4 63.2 60.8 63.5 294.1 306.5 296.1 308.6

Pennsylvania

491.9 521.8 507.1 534.5 243.2 250.6 245.5 252.0 685.5 692.9 687.0 695.4

Rhode Island

50.6 50.9 52.0 51.4 20.6 21.4 20.7 21.4 64.1 64.6 64.0 65.9


South Carolina

250.4 258.9 255.9 267.9 80.3 82.0 80.7 81.7 366.7 375.6 368.2 378.0

South Dakota

44.1 46.3 45.1 46.2 17.1 17.3 17.2 17.8 79.9 81.3 80.4 81.6

Tennessee

322.2 347.1 329.0 353.2 123.4 127.6 123.6 128.0 439.2 450.4 440.5 451.7

Texas

1,347.3 1,429.9 1,369.8 1,451.7 432.9 462.2 435.0 468.2 1,997.9 2,052.6 2,001.9 2,060.4

Utah

156.5 165.0 159.7 167.2 43.2 46.3 43.3 45.5 253.5 259.5 254.1 260.8


Vermont

33.8 33.5 33.5 33.3 9.6 9.8 9.6 9.8 54.6 56.0 54.5 55.9

Virginia

363.2 388.6 371.0 397.4 187.4 193.9 187.9 194.5 719.1 737.3 720.9 738.0

Washington

306.7 331.0 313.7 336.6 116.8 122.8 118.1 125.2 562.5 580.4 564.5 582.0

West Virginia

67.5 66.3 68.6 67.5 23.3 24.7 23.8 24.7 148.7 150.4 149.4 150.9

Wisconsin

246.7 253.4 250.5 255.9 143.5 147.1 144.4 148.8 398.4 410.2 399.4 410.7

Wyoming

34.7 35.7 34.8 35.7 15.6 16.0 15.8 16.0 67.4 68.0 67.7 68.8


Puerto Rico

83.6 91.5 84.5 92.2 18.5 19.0 18.7 19.1 194.3 200.0 195.8 200.7

Virgin Islands

6.3 6.2 6.5 6.2 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 10.7 10.8 10.9 10.9

Footnotes
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data are counts of jobs by place of work. Estimates are currently estimated from 2022 benchmark levels. Estimates subsequent to the current benchmarks are preliminary and will be revised when new information becomes available.


Last Modified Date: April 27, 2023