State Employment and Unemployment (Monthly) News Release

For release 10:00 a.m. (ET) Friday, April 21, 2023                       USDL-23-0725

Technical information:
 Employment:    (202) 691-6559  *  sminfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/sae   
 Unemployment:  (202) 691-6392  *  lausinfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/lau 

Media contact:  (202) 691-5902  *  PressOffice@bls.gov


                  STATE EMPLOYMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT -- MARCH 2023


Unemployment rates were lower in March in 18 states, higher in the District of
Columbia, and stable in 32 states, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported
today. Eleven states and the District had jobless rate decreases from a year
earlier, 10 states had increases, and 29 states had little change. The national
unemployment rate, 3.5 percent, changed little both over the month and over the
year.

Nonfarm payroll employment increased in 2 states and was essentially unchanged
in 48 states and the District of Columbia in March 2023. Over the year, nonfarm
payroll employment increased in 42 states and was essentially unchanged in 8
states and the District.

This news release presents statistics from two monthly programs. The civilian
labor force and unemployment data are modeled based largely on a survey of
households. These data pertain to individuals by where they reside. The
employment data are from an establishment survey that measures nonfarm 
employment, hours, and earnings by industry. These data pertain to jobs on 
payrolls defined by where the establishments are located. For more information
about the concepts and statistical methodologies used by these two programs,
see the Technical Note.

Unemployment

South Dakota had the lowest jobless rate in March, 1.9 percent. The next lowest
rates were in Nebraska and North Dakota, 2.1 percent each. The rates in Alabama
(2.3 percent), Arkansas (3.0 percent), Maryland (2.7 percent), Mississippi
(3.5 percent), Montana (2.3 percent), West Virginia (3.4 percent), and Wisconsin
(2.5 percent) set new series lows. (All state series begin in 1976.) Nevada had
the highest unemployment rate, 5.5 percent. In total, 18 states had unemployment
rates lower than the U.S. figure of 3.5 percent, 9 states and the District of
Columbia had higher rates, and 23 states had rates that were not appreciably
different from that of the nation. (See tables A and 1.)

In March, 18 states had over-the-month unemployment rate decreases, the largest
of which were in New Hampshire, Oregon, and West Virginia (-0.3 percentage
point each). The District of Columbia had the only over-the-month increase
(+0.1 percentage point). Thirty-two states had jobless rates that were not
notably different from those of a month earlier, though some had changes that
were at least as large numerically as the significant changes. (See table B.)

Eleven states and the District of Columbia had over-the-year unemployment rate
decreases, the largest of which was in New Mexico (-1.1 percentage points).
Ten states had rate increases from March 2022, the largest of which was in 
Oregon (+0.9 percentage point). (See table C.)

Nonfarm Payroll Employment

Nonfarm payroll employment increased in 2 states and was essentially unchanged
in 48 states and the District of Columbia in March 2023. The job gains 
occurred in Massachusetts (+16,300, or +0.4 percent) and Kentucky (+9,400,
or +0.5 percent). (See tables D and 3.)

Over the year, nonfarm payroll employment increased in 42 states and was 
essentially unchanged in 8 states and the District of Columbia. The largest 
job increases occurred in Texas (+575,100), California (+432,100), and Florida
(+413,000). The largest percentage increase occurred in Nevada (+5.0 percent),
followed by Florida (+4.5 percent) and Texas (+4.3 percent). (See table E.) 

_____________
The Metropolitan Area Employment and Unemployment news release for March
is scheduled to be released on Wednesday, May 3, 2023, at 10:00 a.m. (ET).
The State Employment and Unemployment news release for April is scheduled
to be released on Friday, May 19, 2023, at 10:00 a.m. (ET).



Table A. States with unemployment rates significantly different
from that of the U.S., March 2023, seasonally adjusted
--------------------------------------------------------------
                State                |          Rate(p)
--------------------------------------------------------------
United States (1) ...................|           3.5
                                     |
Alabama .............................|           2.3
California ..........................|           4.4
Colorado ............................|           2.8
Delaware ............................|           4.4
District of Columbia ................|           4.8
Florida .............................|           2.6
Idaho ...............................|           2.6
Illinois ............................|           4.4
Iowa ................................|           2.8
Kansas ..............................|           2.9
                                     |
Maine ...............................|           2.6
Maryland ............................|           2.7
Minnesota ...........................|           2.8
Missouri ............................|           2.5
Montana .............................|           2.3
Nebraska ............................|           2.1
Nevada ..............................|           5.5
New Hampshire .......................|           2.4
New York ............................|           4.1
North Dakota ........................|           2.1
                                     |
Oregon ..............................|           4.4
Pennsylvania ........................|           4.2
South Dakota ........................|           1.9
Texas ...............................|           4.0
Utah ................................|           2.4
Vermont .............................|           2.7
Washington ..........................|           4.5
Wisconsin ...........................|           2.5
--------------------------------------------------------------
   (1) Data are not preliminary.
   (p) = preliminary.


Table B. States with statistically significant unemployment rate changes
from February 2023 to March 2023, seasonally adjusted
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                |          Rate         |
                                |-----------|-----------| Over-the-month
             State              | February  |   March   |    change(p)
                                |   2023    |  2023(p)  |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Alabama ........................|     2.5   |     2.3   |      -0.2
Arizona ........................|     3.7   |     3.5   |       -.2
Arkansas .......................|     3.2   |     3.0   |       -.2
District of Columbia ...........|     4.7   |     4.8   |        .1
Iowa ...........................|     2.9   |     2.8   |       -.1
Maine ..........................|     2.8   |     2.6   |       -.2
Maryland .......................|     2.9   |     2.7   |       -.2
Massachusetts ..................|     3.7   |     3.5   |       -.2
Mississippi ....................|     3.7   |     3.5   |       -.2
Nebraska .......................|     2.3   |     2.1   |       -.2
                                |           |           |
New Hampshire ..................|     2.7   |     2.4   |       -.3
North Carolina .................|     3.6   |     3.5   |       -.1
Oregon .........................|     4.7   |     4.4   |       -.3
Pennsylvania ...................|     4.4   |     4.2   |       -.2
South Dakota ...................|     2.1   |     1.9   |       -.2
Vermont ........................|     2.8   |     2.7   |       -.1
Washington .....................|     4.6   |     4.5   |       -.1
West Virginia ..................|     3.7   |     3.4   |       -.3
Wisconsin ......................|     2.7   |     2.5   |       -.2
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
   (p) = preliminary.


Table C. States with statistically significant unemployment rate changes
from March 2022 to March 2023, seasonally adjusted
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                |          Rate         |
                                |-----------|-----------|  Over-the-year
             State              |   March   |   March   |    change(p)
                                |   2022    |  2023(p)  |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Alabama ........................|     2.5   |     2.3   |      -0.2
Alaska .........................|     4.3   |     3.7   |       -.6
Colorado .......................|     3.3   |     2.8   |       -.5
Connecticut ....................|     4.3   |     4.0   |       -.3
District of Columbia ...........|     5.2   |     4.8   |       -.4
Florida ........................|     3.1   |     2.6   |       -.5
Indiana ........................|     2.8   |     3.1   |        .3
Iowa ...........................|     2.4   |     2.8   |        .4
Kansas .........................|     2.4   |     2.9   |        .5
Maryland .......................|     3.2   |     2.7   |       -.5
                                |           |           |
Minnesota ......................|     2.4   |     2.8   |        .4
Montana ........................|     2.5   |     2.3   |       -.2
New Hampshire ..................|     2.1   |     2.4   |        .3
New Jersey .....................|     4.1   |     3.5   |       -.6
New Mexico .....................|     4.6   |     3.5   |      -1.1
New York .......................|     4.4   |     4.1   |       -.3
Oregon .........................|     3.5   |     4.4   |        .9
Vermont ........................|     2.3   |     2.7   |        .4
Virginia .......................|     2.8   |     3.2   |        .4
Washington .....................|     3.9   |     4.5   |        .6
Wisconsin ......................|     2.8   |     2.5   |       -.3
Wyoming ........................|     3.3   |     3.7   |        .4
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
   (p) = preliminary.


Table D. States with statistically significant employment changes from
February 2023 to March 2023, seasonally adjusted
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                              |             |             | Over-the-month change(p)
            State             |   February  |    March    |---------------------------
                              |     2023    |   2023(p)   |    Level    |   Percent
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Kentucky .....................|   1,992,200 |   2,001,600 |       9,400 |      0.5
Massachusetts ................|   3,742,000 |   3,758,300 |      16,300 |       .4
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   (p) = preliminary.


Table E. States with statistically significant employment changes from
March 2022 to March 2023, seasonally adjusted
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                              |             |             |  Over-the-year change(p)
            State             |    March    |    March    |---------------------------
                              |    2022     |   2023(p)   |    Level    |   Percent
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Alabama ......................|   2,095,600 |   2,141,900 |      46,300 |      2.2
Alaska .......................|     318,100 |     324,400 |       6,300 |      2.0
Arizona ......................|   3,076,400 |   3,145,000 |      68,600 |      2.2
Arkansas .....................|   1,320,800 |   1,353,200 |      32,400 |      2.5
California ...................|  17,535,700 |  17,967,800 |     432,100 |      2.5
Delaware .....................|     469,200 |     483,400 |      14,200 |      3.0
Florida ......................|   9,278,600 |   9,691,600 |     413,000 |      4.5
Georgia ......................|   4,752,000 |   4,885,400 |     133,400 |      2.8
Hawaii .......................|     609,600 |     632,500 |      22,900 |      3.8
Idaho ........................|     822,100 |     846,600 |      24,500 |      3.0
                              |             |             |             |       
Illinois .....................|   5,988,800 |   6,119,900 |     131,100 |      2.2
Indiana ......................|   3,169,700 |   3,245,300 |      75,600 |      2.4
Iowa .........................|   1,566,900 |   1,592,900 |      26,000 |      1.7
Kansas .......................|   1,405,500 |   1,442,600 |      37,100 |      2.6
Kentucky .....................|   1,951,800 |   2,001,600 |      49,800 |      2.6
Louisiana ....................|   1,909,700 |   1,949,900 |      40,200 |      2.1
Maryland .....................|   2,697,400 |   2,733,300 |      35,900 |      1.3
Massachusetts ................|   3,654,300 |   3,758,300 |     104,000 |      2.8
Michigan .....................|   4,341,200 |   4,416,300 |      75,100 |      1.7
Minnesota ....................|   2,910,600 |   2,975,900 |      65,300 |      2.2
                              |             |             |             |       
Missouri .....................|   2,907,200 |   2,969,300 |      62,100 |      2.1
Montana ......................|     507,000 |     517,200 |      10,200 |      2.0
Nebraska .....................|   1,022,000 |   1,045,000 |      23,000 |      2.3
Nevada .......................|   1,468,200 |   1,541,200 |      73,000 |      5.0
New Hampshire ................|     684,000 |     700,500 |      16,500 |      2.4
New Jersey ...................|   4,225,600 |   4,311,100 |      85,500 |      2.0
New Mexico ...................|     842,200 |     866,100 |      23,900 |      2.8
New York .....................|   9,439,100 |   9,707,100 |     268,000 |      2.8
North Carolina ...............|   4,758,700 |   4,891,600 |     132,900 |      2.8
North Dakota .................|     425,500 |     434,600 |       9,100 |      2.1
                              |             |             |             |       
Ohio .........................|   5,506,900 |   5,589,700 |      82,800 |      1.5
Oklahoma .....................|   1,685,000 |   1,726,400 |      41,400 |      2.5
Oregon .......................|   1,935,200 |   1,989,400 |      54,200 |      2.8
Pennsylvania .................|   5,949,900 |   6,108,900 |     159,000 |      2.7
South Carolina ...............|   2,222,900 |   2,283,500 |      60,600 |      2.7
South Dakota .................|     450,400 |     460,100 |       9,700 |      2.2
Tennessee ....................|   3,214,000 |   3,310,900 |      96,900 |      3.0
Texas ........................|  13,264,100 |  13,839,200 |     575,100 |      4.3
Utah .........................|   1,664,800 |   1,711,300 |      46,500 |      2.8
Virginia .....................|   4,038,500 |   4,138,400 |      99,900 |      2.5
Washington ...................|   3,503,400 |   3,615,100 |     111,700 |      3.2
Wisconsin ....................|   2,956,500 |   2,997,900 |      41,400 |      1.4
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   (p) = preliminary.

Technical Note
 
   This news release presents civilian labor force and unemployment data for states and selected substate
   areas from the Local Area Unemployment Statistics (LAUS) program (tables 1 and 2). Also presented are
   nonfarm payroll employment estimates by state and industry supersector from the Current Employment
   Statistics (CES) program (tables 3 and 4). The LAUS and CES programs are both federal-state cooperative
   endeavors.

Civilian labor force and unemployment--from the LAUS program

   Definitions. The civilian labor force and unemployment data are based on the same concepts and definitions
   as those used for the official national estimates obtained from the Current Population Survey (CPS), a
   sample survey of households that is conducted for the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) by the U.S. Census
   Bureau. The LAUS program measures employed people and unemployed people on a place of-residence basis. The
   universe for each is the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years of age and older. Employed people
   are those who did any work at all for pay or profit in the reference week (typically the week including
   the 12th of the month) or worked 15 hours or more without pay in a family business or farm, plus those not
   working who had a job from which they were temporarily absent, whether or not paid, for such reasons as
   bad weather, labor-management dispute, illness, or vacation.
   
   Unemployed people are those who were not employed during the reference week (based on the definition above),
   had actively looked for a job sometime in the 4-week period ending with the reference week, and were 
   currently available for work; people on layoff expecting recall need not be looking for work to be counted
   as unemployed. The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and unemployed people. The unemployment rate
   is the number of unemployed as a percent of the civilian labor force.

   Method of estimation. Estimates for 48 states, the District of Columbia, the Los Angeles-Long Beach-Glendale
   metropolitan division, New York City, and the balances of California and New York State are produced using
   time-series models. This method, which underwent substantial enhancement at the beginning of 2021, utilizes
   data from several sources, including the CPS, the CES, and state unemployment insurance (UI) programs. 
   Estimates for the state of California are derived by summing the estimates for the Los Angeles-Long Beach-
   Glendale metropolitan division and the balance of California. Similarly, estimates for New York State are
   derived by summing the estimates for New York City and the balance of New York State. Estimates for the 
   five additional substate areas contained in this release (the Cleveland-Elyria and Detroit-Warren-Dearborn
   metropolitan areas and the Chicago-Naperville-Arlington Heights, Miami-Miami Beach Kendall, and Seattle-
   Bellevue-Everett metropolitan divisions) and their respective balances of state are produced using a similar
   model-based approach.
   
   Each month, estimates for the nine census divisions first are modeled using inputs from the CPS only and
   controlled to the national totals. State estimates then are controlled to their respective census division
   totals. Substate and balance-of-state estimates for the five areas noted above also are controlled to their
   respective state totals. This tiered process of controlling model-based estimates to the U.S. totals is called
   real-time benchmarking. Estimates for Puerto Rico are derived from a monthly household survey similar to 
   the CPS. A more detailed description of the estimation procedures is available from BLS upon request

   Annual revisions. Civilian labor force and unemployment data for prior years reflect adjustments made after
   the end of each year. The adjusted estimates reflect updated population data from the U.S. Census Bureau,
   any revisions in the other data sources, and model re-estimation. In most years, historical data for the
   most recent five years are revised near the beginning of each calendar year, prior to the release of January
   estimates. With the introduction of a new generation of time series models in 2021, historical data were
   re-estimated back to the series beginnings in 1976, 1990, or 1994.

   Seasonal adjustment. The LAUS models decompose the estimates of employed and unemployed people into trend,
   seasonal, and irregular components. The benchmarked signals of employed and unemployed people first are
   adjusted using an X-11 type of seasonal adjustment filter. The adjusted data then are smoothed using a
   Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Space (RKHS) filter. The smoothed-seasonally adjusted estimates of employed and
   unemployed people are summed to derive the civilian labor force, and the unemployment rate then is 
   calculated as the unemployed percent of the civilian labor force. The resulting smoothed-seasonally adjusted
   unemployment rate estimates are analyzed in this news release and published on the BLS website.
   
   During estimation for the current year, the smoothed-seasonally adjusted estimates for a given month are
   created using an asymmetric filter that incorporates information from previous observations only. For
   annual revisions, historical data are smoothed using a two-sided filter.

   Area definitions. The substate area data published in this release reflect the delineations that were issued
   by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget on April 10, 2018. A detailed list of the geographic definitions
   is available online at www.bls.gov/lau/lausmsa.htm. 

Employment--from the CES program

   Definitions. Employment data refer to persons on establishment payrolls who receive pay for any part of
   the pay period that includes the 12th of the month. Persons are counted at their place of work rather than
   at their place of residence; those appearing on more than one payroll are counted on each payroll. 
   Industries are classified on the basis of their principal activity in accordance with the 2022 version of
   the North American Industry Classification System. 

   Method of estimation. CES State and Area employment data are produced using several estimation procedures.
   Where possible, these data are produced using a "weighted link relative" estimation technique in which a
   ratio of current month weighted employment to that of the previous-month weighted employment is computed
   from a sample of establishments reporting for both months. The estimates of employment for the current month
   are then obtained by multiplying these ratios by the previous month’s employment estimates. The weighted
   link relative technique is utilized for data series where the sample size meets certain statistical criteria.
   For some employment series, the estimates are produced with a model that uses direct sample estimates 
   (described above) combined with other regressors to compensate for smaller sample sizes. 

   Annual revisions. Employment estimates are adjusted annually to a complete count of jobs, called benchmarks,
   derived principally from tax reports that are submitted by employers who are covered under state unemployment
   insurance (UI) laws. The benchmark information is used to adjust the monthly estimates between the new
   benchmark and the preceding one and to establish the level of employment for the new benchmark month. Thus,
   the benchmarking process establishes the level of employment, and the sample is used to measure the month-
   to-month changes in the level for the subsequent months. Information on recent benchmark revisions is 
   available online at www.bls.gov/web/laus/bmrk_article.htm.

   Seasonal adjustment. Payroll employment data are seasonally adjusted at the statewide expanded supersector
   level. In some cases, the seasonally adjusted payroll employment total is computed by aggregating the
   independently adjusted supersector series. In other cases, the seasonally adjusted payroll employment total
   is independently adjusted. Revisions to historical data for the most recent five years are made once a 
   year, coincident with annual benchmark adjustments.
   
   Payroll employment data are seasonally adjusted concurrently, using all available estimates including those
   for the current month, to develop sample-based seasonal factors. Concurrent sample-based factors are 
   created every month for the current month’s preliminary estimate as well as the previous month’s final 
   estimate. 

   Caution on aggregating state data. State estimation procedures are designed to produce accurate data
   for each individual state. BLS independently develops a national employment series; state estimates are
   not forced to sum to national totals. Each state series is subject to larger relative sampling and 
   nonsampling errors than the national series. Summing state estimates cumulates individual state-level
   errors and can cause significant distortions at an aggregate level. Due to these statistical limitations,
   BLS does not compile a "sum-of-states" employment series and cautions users that such a series is subject
   to a relatively large and volatile error structure.

Reliability of the estimates

    The estimates presented in this release are based on sample surveys, administrative data, and modeling
    and, thus, are subject to sampling and other types of errors. Sampling error is a measure of sampling 
    variability—that is, variation that occurs by chance because a sample rather than the entire population
    is surveyed. Survey data also are subject to nonsampling errors, such as those which can be introduced
    into the data collection and processing operations. Estimates not directly derived from sample surveys
    are subject to additional errors resulting from the specific estimation processes used.

    Use of error measures. Changes in state unemployment rates and state nonfarm payroll employment are 
    cited in the analysis of this release only if they have been determined to be statistically significant
    at the 90-percent confidence level. Furthermore, state unemployment rates for the current month generally
    are cited only if they have been determined to be significantly different from the U.S. rate at the 
    90-percent confidence level. The underlying model-based standard error measures for unemployment rates
    and over-the-month and over-the-year changes in rates are available at www.bls.gov/lau/lastderr.htm.
    The underlying standard error measures for over-the-month and over-the-year changes in state payroll
    employment data at the total nonfarm and supersector levels are available at 
    www.bls.gov/web/laus/790stderr.htm. Measures of nonsampling error are not available.

Additional information

    Estimates of civilian labor force and unemployment from the LAUS program, as well as nonfarm payroll
    employment from the CES program, for metropolitan areas and metropolitan divisions are available in
    the news release Metropolitan Area Employment and Unemployment. Estimates of civilian labor force,
    employed people, unemployed people, and unemployment rates for approximately 7,600 subnational areas
    are available online at www.bls.gov/lau/. Employment data from the CES program for states and 
    metropolitan areas are available online at www.bls.gov/sae/. If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or
    have a speech disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access telecommunications relay services.

LABOR FORCE DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

Table 1. Civilian labor force and unemployment by state and selected area, seasonally adjusted

State and area	Civilian labor force				Unemployed
	Mar. 2022	Jan. 2023	Feb. 2023	Mar. 2023(p)	Number				Percent of labor force
					Mar. 2022	Jan. 2023	Feb. 2023	Mar. 2023(p)	Mar. 2022	Jan. 2023	Feb. 2023	Mar. 2023(p)
Alabama	2,287,334	2,284,984	2,286,491	2,289,759	58,074	58,392	56,166	53,053	2.5	2.6	2.5	2.3
Alaska	357,273	357,026	357,399	357,738	15,367	13,443	13,576	13,273	4.3	3.8	3.8	3.7
Arizona	3,587,441	3,648,224	3,653,226	3,659,156	128,099	140,410	134,816	129,455	3.6	3.8	3.7	3.5
Arkansas	1,367,533	1,373,523	1,373,598	1,375,426	43,062	46,604	43,670	40,837	3.1	3.4	3.2	3.0
California	19,219,905	19,316,062	19,338,411	19,371,072	837,088	813,818	841,703	859,631	4.4	4.2	4.4	4.4
Los Angeles-Long Beach-Glendale(1)	5,019,203	4,959,665	4,970,313	4,982,218	263,863	235,657	244,827	248,158	5.3	4.8	4.9	5.0
Colorado	3,204,876	3,206,346	3,217,067	3,227,330	104,801	90,436	92,704	91,048	3.3	2.8	2.9	2.8
Connecticut	1,950,423	1,912,913	1,910,768	1,905,663	84,470	75,444	75,733	75,297	4.3	3.9	4.0	4.0
Delaware	498,091	496,001	495,920	496,637	21,853	22,905	22,610	22,046	4.4	4.6	4.6	4.4
District of Columbia	387,619	389,168	389,688	390,516	20,300	17,322	18,157	18,893	5.2	4.5	4.7	4.8
Florida	10,672,069	10,854,532	10,879,065	10,921,822	331,866	285,839	284,361	283,276	3.1	2.6	2.6	2.6
Miami-Miami Beach-Kendall(1)	1,361,534	1,382,466	1,384,364	1,390,571	39,318	28,360	27,579	26,183	2.9	2.1	2.0	1.9
Georgia	5,233,419	5,239,331	5,248,424	5,261,296	155,574	161,710	162,897	164,973	3.0	3.1	3.1	3.1
Hawaii	671,502	679,077	678,351	678,449	21,916	24,629	24,176	23,584	3.3	3.6	3.6	3.5
Idaho	945,839	956,436	958,112	960,017	23,732	25,701	25,141	24,682	2.5	2.7	2.6	2.6
Illinois	6,490,596	6,470,257	6,474,374	6,477,054	294,491	294,351	289,854	283,844	4.5	4.5	4.5	4.4
Chicago-Naperville-Arlington Heights(1)	3,865,889	3,866,183	3,868,514	3,868,961	178,240	185,548	178,682	172,950	4.6	4.8	4.6	4.5
Indiana	3,394,391	3,409,101	3,409,697	3,416,350	93,975	106,270	106,121	105,493	2.8	3.1	3.1	3.1
Iowa	1,713,877	1,721,065	1,721,138	1,723,811	40,346	51,176	50,083	48,300	2.4	3.0	2.9	2.8
Kansas	1,503,552	1,507,842	1,510,124	1,514,162	35,704	43,678	44,088	43,891	2.4	2.9	2.9	2.9
Kentucky	2,055,534	2,040,567	2,041,678	2,042,066	78,632	79,019	79,762	77,039	3.8	3.9	3.9	3.8
Louisiana	2,096,410	2,089,407	2,097,633	2,106,525	78,065	73,987	75,871	75,972	3.7	3.5	3.6	3.6
Maine	678,426	672,718	673,394	673,643	19,471	19,702	18,841	17,570	2.9	2.9	2.8	2.6
Maryland	3,173,331	3,163,822	3,167,195	3,177,720	102,073	94,030	92,348	86,326	3.2	3.0	2.9	2.7
Massachusetts	3,755,168	3,729,764	3,741,461	3,741,742	138,297	132,399	137,140	132,766	3.7	3.5	3.7	3.5
Michigan	4,835,578	4,836,195	4,842,266	4,851,544	196,020	208,935	207,045	199,731	4.1	4.3	4.3	4.1
Detroit-Warren-Dearborn(2)	2,123,343	2,102,185	2,103,147	2,107,265	84,561	79,756	79,341	74,051	4.0	3.8	3.8	3.5
Minnesota	3,068,131	3,084,640	3,083,348	3,084,118	74,072	89,970	91,023	87,574	2.4	2.9	3.0	2.8
Mississippi	1,259,725	1,241,563	1,241,575	1,243,241	48,186	48,658	46,510	44,033	3.8	3.9	3.7	3.5
Missouri	3,056,255	3,069,736	3,075,402	3,085,502	75,140	81,882	79,689	77,408	2.5	2.7	2.6	2.5
Montana	565,622	570,402	571,016	572,319	14,384	14,395	13,775	13,231	2.5	2.5	2.4	2.3
Nebraska	1,057,550	1,059,793	1,059,665	1,060,418	20,918	26,541	24,704	22,536	2.0	2.5	2.3	2.1
Nevada	1,528,283	1,569,407	1,570,746	1,572,641	80,660	86,549	87,111	86,661	5.3	5.5	5.5	5.5
New Hampshire	763,215	770,431	769,924	767,903	16,270	21,850	20,623	18,797	2.1	2.8	2.7	2.4
New Jersey	4,706,634	4,778,908	4,796,374	4,814,676	195,037	163,664	168,835	170,719	4.1	3.4	3.5	3.5
New Mexico	951,121	947,733	950,806	953,679	43,793	33,473	34,444	33,804	4.6	3.5	3.6	3.5
New York	9,611,138	9,632,060	9,646,609	9,660,021	424,179	402,570	401,288	391,616	4.4	4.2	4.2	4.1
New York City	4,095,338	4,125,364	4,138,484	4,148,471	256,145	217,541	222,492	221,945	6.3	5.3	5.4	5.4
North Carolina	5,153,298	5,166,668	5,168,863	5,179,566	172,204	193,793	188,101	183,118	3.3	3.8	3.6	3.5
North Dakota	414,911	414,940	415,423	416,562	8,797	8,849	8,856	8,703	2.1	2.1	2.1	2.1
Ohio	5,758,127	5,724,668	5,738,825	5,755,585	226,044	228,884	223,524	218,382	3.9	4.0	3.9	3.8
Cleveland-Elyria(2)	1,023,900	1,023,000	1,025,615	1,028,520	50,916	44,059	42,937	41,301	5.0	4.3	4.2	4.0
Oklahoma	1,884,603	1,892,639	1,895,814	1,902,360	53,266	58,843	57,608	56,822	2.8	3.1	3.0	3.0
Oregon	2,171,252	2,185,455	2,182,992	2,176,057	76,941	104,988	103,216	95,735	3.5	4.8	4.7	4.4
Pennsylvania	6,478,879	6,492,168	6,500,166	6,505,126	281,841	281,289	283,410	275,993	4.4	4.3	4.4	4.2
Rhode Island	570,640	566,370	566,150	566,146	17,190	17,561	17,357	17,343	3.0	3.1	3.1	3.1
South Carolina	2,378,214	2,374,826	2,382,107	2,393,147	76,169	76,046	76,043	76,435	3.2	3.2	3.2	3.2
South Dakota	474,598	475,350	475,998	477,186	8,995	10,061	9,842	9,187	1.9	2.1	2.1	1.9
Tennessee	3,380,792	3,322,133	3,328,111	3,338,228	112,990	115,667	116,474	113,879	3.3	3.5	3.5	3.4
Texas	14,605,471	14,754,644	14,819,290	14,898,145	569,834	569,291	587,211	599,889	3.9	3.9	4.0	4.0
Utah	1,731,501	1,759,556	1,765,268	1,773,369	37,888	42,619	42,302	41,702	2.2	2.4	2.4	2.4
Vermont	341,055	344,527	345,416	346,193	7,825	10,103	9,831	9,222	2.3	2.9	2.8	2.7
Virginia	4,421,757	4,487,575	4,505,399	4,528,910	121,725	144,917	145,877	143,447	2.8	3.2	3.2	3.2
Washington	3,965,105	4,022,870	4,035,637	4,047,656	154,988	184,387	185,457	180,736	3.9	4.6	4.6	4.5
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett(1)	1,757,267	1,782,027	1,783,642	1,787,857	48,677	56,947	54,874	53,267	2.8	3.2	3.1	3.0
West Virginia	785,927	784,041	782,723	782,374	28,568	30,916	28,813	26,864	3.6	3.9	3.7	3.4
Wisconsin	3,095,420	3,067,821	3,069,845	3,074,448	85,176	87,962	82,956	76,550	2.8	2.9	2.7	2.5
Wyoming	289,736	294,594	295,522	296,763	9,436	11,360	11,117	10,891	3.3	3.9	3.8	3.7
Puerto Rico	1,204,175	1,197,773	1,202,653	1,202,190	74,244	71,655	72,558	72,513	6.2	6.0	6.0	6.0
Footnotes (1) Metropolitan division. (2) Metropolitan statistical area. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data refer to place of residence. Data for Puerto Rico are derived from a monthly household survey similar to the Current Population Survey. Area definitions are based on Office of Management and Budget Bulletin No. 18-03, dated April 10, 2018, and are available on the BLS website at https://www.bls.gov/lau/lausmsa.htm. Estimates for the latest month are subject to revision the following month.

LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

Table 2. Civilian labor force and unemployment by state and selected area, not seasonally adjusted

State and area	Civilian labor force				Unemployed
	February		March		Number				Percent of labor force
	2022	2023	2022	2023(p)	February		March		February		March
					2022	2023	2022	2023(p)	2022	2023	2022	2023(p)
Alabama	2,277,291	2,285,046	2,283,963	2,291,790	66,470	54,111	56,151	44,574	2.9	2.4	2.5	1.9
Alaska	355,282	355,004	354,162	354,869	19,350	15,799	17,074	14,283	5.4	4.5	4.8	4.0
Arizona	3,579,498	3,664,175	3,595,573	3,677,373	129,382	118,475	120,298	119,098	3.6	3.2	3.3	3.2
Arkansas	1,363,781	1,369,419	1,370,298	1,381,469	51,617	39,726	43,443	36,222	3.8	2.9	3.2	2.6
California	19,292,418	19,470,575	19,307,448	19,498,333	965,748	943,946	867,452	937,793	5.0	4.8	4.5	4.8
Los Angeles-Long Beach-Glendale(1)	5,065,387	5,041,535	5,051,030	5,034,098	292,689	263,536	260,565	251,121	5.8	5.2	5.2	5.0
Colorado	3,202,616	3,243,663	3,195,552	3,232,419	126,841	105,198	108,143	86,367	4.0	3.2	3.4	2.7
Connecticut	1,939,318	1,889,803	1,949,097	1,882,201	99,897	87,063	88,683	81,230	5.2	4.6	4.5	4.3
Delaware	497,407	494,664	499,906	500,661	24,081	22,680	22,665	21,748	4.8	4.6	4.5	4.3
District of Columbia	387,107	392,256	388,830	391,961	21,593	19,196	19,865	19,963	5.6	4.9	5.1	5.1
Florida	10,620,017	10,942,733	10,655,670	11,027,163	345,408	274,937	316,855	281,394	3.3	2.5	3.0	2.6
Miami-Miami Beach-Kendall(1)	1,372,977	1,398,892	1,353,913	1,398,354	39,657	23,597	40,617	25,066	2.9	1.7	3.0	1.8
Georgia	5,243,847	5,296,195	5,259,516	5,323,383	170,502	174,742	157,188	177,776	3.3	3.3	3.0	3.3
Hawaii	670,038	678,021	673,200	680,617	21,071	21,420	20,491	20,985	3.1	3.2	3.0	3.1
Idaho	940,225	960,802	945,910	962,446	30,454	30,416	28,769	30,076	3.2	3.2	3.0	3.1
Illinois	6,463,046	6,451,815	6,484,826	6,446,508	329,505	292,557	301,708	279,007	5.1	4.5	4.7	4.3
Chicago-Naperville-Arlington Heights(1)	3,862,717	3,854,835	3,856,844	3,845,379	194,672	156,699	171,182	156,387	5.0	4.1	4.4	4.1
Indiana	3,373,819	3,397,639	3,392,845	3,429,755	113,368	120,344	106,975	120,141	3.4	3.5	3.2	3.5
Iowa	1,720,435	1,727,064	1,719,182	1,731,952	51,738	56,238	48,595	51,896	3.0	3.3	2.8	3.0
Kansas	1,500,948	1,516,010	1,503,134	1,522,325	39,782	48,203	39,466	46,054	2.7	3.2	2.6	3.0
Kentucky	2,043,365	2,039,691	2,064,977	2,044,827	87,208	92,855	90,204	77,847	4.3	4.6	4.4	3.8
Louisiana	2,074,997	2,100,421	2,092,517	2,115,667	76,063	73,962	72,837	69,528	3.7	3.5	3.5	3.3
Maine	672,752	668,793	673,881	667,628	26,323	20,810	23,868	19,610	3.9	3.1	3.5	2.9
Maryland	3,163,757	3,170,392	3,177,080	3,214,536	117,442	96,839	106,394	74,269	3.7	3.1	3.3	2.3
Massachusetts	3,752,740	3,763,398	3,761,694	3,739,104	162,389	158,937	147,168	144,316	4.3	4.2	3.9	3.9
Michigan	4,801,422	4,839,421	4,833,263	4,869,939	236,630	220,655	216,189	198,780	4.9	4.6	4.5	4.1
Detroit-Warren-Dearborn(2)	2,113,536	2,089,502	2,120,992	2,117,808	101,541	78,658	90,431	60,070	4.8	3.8	4.3	2.8
Minnesota	3,054,593	3,070,660	3,061,581	3,082,964	96,942	109,634	95,370	96,650	3.2	3.6	3.1	3.1
Mississippi	1,258,225	1,240,073	1,255,151	1,246,134	52,912	39,942	43,439	38,375	4.2	3.2	3.5	3.1
Missouri	3,040,565	3,077,134	3,052,072	3,106,105	95,447	81,604	86,857	83,971	3.1	2.7	2.8	2.7
Montana	562,214	571,055	566,081	575,605	18,029	16,075	17,319	16,219	3.2	2.8	3.1	2.8
Nebraska	1,054,133	1,058,312	1,058,871	1,062,937	25,559	23,395	24,395	21,417	2.4	2.2	2.3	2.0
Nevada	1,524,000	1,581,180	1,530,468	1,578,107	82,882	89,757	79,514	85,435	5.4	5.7	5.2	5.4
New Hampshire	761,347	766,163	764,817	758,628	19,754	18,479	19,042	16,722	2.6	2.4	2.5	2.2
New Jersey	4,688,627	4,848,662	4,717,858	4,863,872	239,496	198,754	207,848	186,707	5.1	4.1	4.4	3.8
New Mexico	951,294	957,668	948,577	953,847	47,820	37,378	42,827	29,703	5.0	3.9	4.5	3.1
New York	9,594,922	9,663,959	9,626,570	9,688,007	516,107	431,189	453,168	391,974	5.4	4.5	4.7	4.0
New York City	4,128,094	4,170,666	4,119,649	4,166,255	295,788	232,810	259,152	216,039	7.2	5.6	6.3	5.2
North Carolina	5,134,373	5,165,033	5,174,042	5,228,216	190,375	185,528	178,514	185,569	3.7	3.6	3.5	3.5
North Dakota	410,158	412,475	412,560	416,211	11,259	10,873	11,317	10,495	2.7	2.6	2.7	2.5
Ohio	5,723,384	5,771,089	5,741,491	5,779,498	269,052	241,805	244,329	231,123	4.7	4.2	4.3	4.0
Cleveland-Elyria(2)	1,016,599	1,031,215	1,016,776	1,027,621	61,411	50,518	56,767	43,320	6.0	4.9	5.6	4.2
Oklahoma	1,875,420	1,900,517	1,890,267	1,921,375	59,975	59,188	53,853	56,075	3.2	3.1	2.8	2.9
Oregon	2,169,415	2,161,677	2,175,702	2,150,837	85,859	98,565	86,328	79,061	4.0	4.6	4.0	3.7
Pennsylvania	6,421,513	6,477,774	6,455,943	6,469,404	299,996	300,207	279,813	242,468	4.7	4.6	4.3	3.7
Rhode Island	570,069	566,969	569,429	564,168	23,327	22,142	18,401	20,267	4.1	3.9	3.2	3.6
South Carolina	2,375,243	2,411,001	2,381,230	2,428,552	90,864	89,322	75,952	81,942	3.8	3.7	3.2	3.4
South Dakota	469,888	474,983	472,634	478,201	11,696	11,731	10,266	8,472	2.5	2.5	2.2	1.8
Tennessee	3,374,782	3,361,917	3,375,604	3,364,645	116,625	120,406	109,010	105,299	3.5	3.6	3.2	3.1
Texas	14,613,813	15,045,849	14,633,464	15,118,353	634,693	676,626	552,714	632,500	4.3	4.5	3.8	4.2
Utah	1,726,744	1,782,776	1,733,281	1,793,833	43,309	46,175	40,520	43,602	2.5	2.6	2.3	2.4
Vermont	338,329	345,362	341,322	346,076	9,055	9,602	8,496	8,203	2.7	2.8	2.5	2.4
Virginia	4,387,721	4,520,085	4,425,797	4,580,802	118,297	131,645	118,305	129,821	2.7	2.9	2.7	2.8
Washington	3,967,866	4,088,845	3,978,514	4,089,386	177,269	201,192	165,858	171,803	4.5	4.9	4.2	4.2
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett(1)	1,766,616	1,802,474	1,761,857	1,817,068	50,182	44,261	46,500	49,357	2.8	2.5	2.6	2.7
West Virginia	782,675	775,152	779,081	775,712	37,215	28,569	32,730	27,710	4.8	3.7	4.2	3.6
Wisconsin	3,081,787	3,068,148	3,087,081	3,075,630	101,659	84,726	96,738	75,789	3.3	2.8	3.1	2.5
Wyoming	286,831	296,422	289,284	299,173	11,156	11,758	10,803	12,244	3.9	4.0	3.7	4.1
Puerto Rico	1,216,754	1,206,059	1,209,927	1,192,916	73,325	71,524	70,142	69,481	6.0	5.9	5.8	5.8
Footnotes (1) Metropolitan division. (2) Metropolitan statistical area. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data refer to place of residence. Data for Puerto Rico are derived from a monthly household survey similar to the Current Population Survey. Area definitions are based on Office of Management and Budget Bulletin No. 18-03, dated April 10, 2018, and are available on the BLS website at https://www.bls.gov/lau/lausmsa.htm. Estimates for the latest month are subject to revision the following month.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
Table 3. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by state and selected industry sector, seasonally adjusted [In thousands]

State	Total(1)				Construction				Manufacturing
	Mar. 2022	Jan. 2023	Feb. 2023	Mar. 2023(p)	Mar. 2022	Jan. 2023	Feb. 2023	Mar. 2023(p)	Mar. 2022	Jan. 2023	Feb. 2023	Mar. 2023(p)
Alabama	2,095.6	2,136.9	2,138.9	2,141.9	98.4	101.0	101.1	101.2	271.2	279.1	278.5	277.4
Alaska	318.1	326.3	325.8	324.4	16.1	16.8	16.5	16.5	12.4	12.7	12.1	12.2
Arizona	3,076.4	3,142.1	3,145.6	3,145.0	190.6	193.3	195.8	196.5	189.4	195.4	195.5	197.4
Arkansas	1,320.8	1,353.2	1,352.8	1,353.2	56.7	59.9	60.1	60.5	161.2	164.5	164.2	164.2
California	17,535.7	17,937.3	17,959.1	17,967.8	911.9	913.5	912.8	904.6	1,324.8	1,346.9	1,345.5	1,345.6
Colorado	2,846.4	2,881.5	2,884.5	2,879.8	181.3	179.8	179.7	179.5	152.7	154.1	154.8	154.7
Connecticut	1,665.9	1,681.9	1,687.0	1,688.1	61.7	61.6	61.7	59.9	156.1	158.4	158.7	158.5
Delaware(2)	469.2	478.9	480.8	483.4	23.4	24.1	24.3	24.8	25.9	26.7	27.1	27.1
District of Columbia(2)	760.9	769.6	771.5	774.2	15.5	15.1	15.1	15.5	1.1	1.0	1.0	1.0
Florida	9,278.6	9,643.1	9,678.0	9,691.6	592.0	610.2	609.4	607.1	404.1	421.2	418.0	417.0
Georgia	4,752.0	4,872.6	4,877.8	4,885.4	211.7	221.4	221.7	219.8	412.4	418.9	417.6	417.6
Hawaii(2)	609.6	629.5	632.6	632.5	37.1	39.9	38.5	38.2	12.5	12.7	12.8	12.9
Idaho	822.1	844.0	845.2	846.6	64.8	70.2	68.8	68.4	73.0	72.7	72.2	72.3
Illinois	5,988.8	6,103.9	6,112.0	6,119.9	228.4	233.2	232.1	232.6	565.0	570.7	570.0	568.6
Indiana	3,169.7	3,235.7	3,240.7	3,245.3	155.0	167.4	166.3	165.8	539.1	543.5	540.6	541.0
Iowa	1,566.9	1,590.0	1,590.0	1,592.9	80.9	85.9	84.8	84.7	222.2	225.7	225.4	226.1
Kansas	1,405.5	1,449.5	1,444.8	1,442.6	63.8	69.0	68.1	67.6	167.0	172.8	172.2	172.1
Kentucky	1,951.8	1,985.7	1,992.2	2,001.6	82.2	83.7	84.0	86.6	247.4	256.1	255.9	257.7
Louisiana	1,909.7	1,943.6	1,945.5	1,949.9	128.3	132.3	131.8	132.9	132.6	136.3	136.5	137.0
Maine	636.2	646.7	646.3	645.7	32.8	33.0	33.0	33.1	54.3	54.9	54.5	54.0
Maryland	2,697.4	2,729.2	2,728.5	2,733.3	161.1	162.1	161.5	161.7	109.9	110.9	110.8	109.7
Massachusetts	3,654.3	3,732.8	3,742.0	3,758.3	169.3	171.8	172.9	174.8	238.1	237.9	238.2	238.8
Michigan	4,341.2	4,401.8	4,414.4	4,416.3	182.3	188.6	189.5	189.8	603.5	606.9	609.0	607.7
Minnesota	2,910.6	2,972.9	2,981.6	2,975.9	130.8	133.1	134.9	133.0	321.6	327.4	328.3	327.0
Mississippi	1,161.0	1,177.2	1,177.8	1,176.0	46.5	46.9	47.7	47.6	148.4	149.6	147.7	147.4
Missouri	2,907.2	2,960.2	2,967.0	2,969.3	137.9	138.4	138.8	139.2	279.0	287.1	291.1	291.4
Montana	507.0	517.8	517.5	517.2	35.8	38.7	38.8	38.5	22.1	23.2	23.0	22.7
Nebraska	1,022.0	1,041.2	1,043.2	1,045.0	57.5	62.8	62.1	61.8	102.3	104.9	105.5	105.9
Nevada	1,468.2	1,530.7	1,538.6	1,541.2	104.2	113.2	114.1	112.7	65.2	67.2	67.5	67.7
New Hampshire	684.0	700.9	699.2	700.5	30.0	30.1	30.2	30.7	70.2	71.4	71.7	71.5
New Jersey	4,225.6	4,316.8	4,313.7	4,311.1	163.7	166.2	166.1	166.0	248.3	253.8	253.7	253.2
New Mexico	842.2	861.4	862.8	866.1	48.9	50.2	50.6	50.4	28.7	29.5	29.5	29.4
New York	9,439.1	9,660.3	9,689.0	9,707.1	385.4	403.8	404.5	403.6	421.8	425.8	425.5	425.2
North Carolina	4,758.7	4,875.7	4,884.6	4,891.6	244.9	253.8	253.7	253.5	472.4	477.0	478.2	478.2
North Dakota	425.5	432.4	433.7	434.6	26.5	26.2	26.5	26.5	27.0	27.6	27.6	27.5
Ohio	5,506.9	5,574.6	5,579.1	5,589.7	233.3	239.6	240.4	238.6	679.3	685.3	686.1	690.3
Oklahoma	1,685.0	1,728.2	1,727.7	1,726.4	79.2	82.9	82.8	83.0	131.6	135.4	135.3	135.1
Oregon	1,935.2	1,989.7	1,987.0	1,989.4	114.7	121.3	122.4	122.8	191.4	196.9	195.4	195.5
Pennsylvania	5,949.9	6,088.8	6,096.4	6,108.9	261.9	265.5	264.9	264.5	560.1	566.2	565.6	567.4
Rhode Island	492.9	499.1	501.3	500.6	21.0	23.1	23.5	23.5	40.0	40.4	40.1	39.9
South Carolina	2,222.9	2,276.0	2,279.3	2,283.5	107.8	109.9	109.2	109.3	260.3	261.9	262.0	262.9
South Dakota	450.4	458.5	460.3	460.1	25.9	25.0	25.2	25.6	45.0	45.9	45.9	46.1
Tennessee	3,214.0	3,305.7	3,309.2	3,310.9	144.5	154.9	152.5	151.1	360.8	367.7	367.4	368.9
Texas	13,264.1	13,773.7	13,810.6	13,839.2	767.5	799.5	802.9	808.7	911.7	953.4	947.0	948.4
Utah	1,664.8	1,701.3	1,711.2	1,711.3	128.9	137.5	137.5	136.3	150.9	152.2	152.8	153.2
Vermont	302.5	306.6	307.7	307.5	15.7	15.8	15.9	16.0	29.1	29.2	29.1	28.9
Virginia	4,038.5	4,128.0	4,133.1	4,138.4	208.3	215.8	214.5	213.1	243.7	245.6	245.1	244.8
Washington	3,503.4	3,598.2	3,613.6	3,615.1	229.9	237.4	236.5	232.9	266.0	273.1	275.1	275.2
West Virginia	697.9	698.0	699.1	699.9	33.3	31.7	31.0	30.8	45.9	46.1	45.7	45.7
Wisconsin	2,956.5	2,989.9	2,997.0	2,997.9	130.7	134.2	133.8	132.1	478.9	484.9	485.6	485.1
Wyoming	283.4	288.2	288.7	289.2	21.3	21.6	21.7	21.8	10.1	10.6	10.8	10.6
Puerto Rico	918.4	941.2	942.6	943.7	32.0	33.8	34.3	34.8	81.7	83.4	83.5	83.3
Virgin Islands(3)	35.0	35.0	35.1	35.3	2.0	2.1	2.1	2.1	-	-	-	-
Footnotes (1) Includes mining and logging, information, and other services (except public administration), not shown separately. (2) Mining and logging is combined with construction. (3) Missing series (denoted by '-') are not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are counts of jobs by place of work. Estimates are currently estimated from 2022 benchmark levels. Estimates subsequent to the current benchmarks are preliminary and will be revised when new information becomes available.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
Table 3. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by state and selected industry sector, seasonally adjusted-Continued [In thousands]

State	Trade, transportation, and utilities				Financial activities				Professional and business services
	Mar. 2022	Jan. 2023	Feb. 2023	Mar. 2023(p)	Mar. 2022	Jan. 2023	Feb. 2023	Mar. 2023(p)	Mar. 2022	Jan. 2023	Feb. 2023	Mar. 2023(p)
Alabama	406.2	406.3	406.3	407.4	100.8	101.9	102.2	102.9	258.4	266.1	266.8	267.3
Alaska	63.7	66.2	65.7	65.3	11.0	11.3	11.3	11.2	26.8	29.1	28.6	28.4
Arizona	607.4	601.6	602.5	602.7	249.2	253.0	253.0	251.4	463.2	480.7	476.4	475.4
Arkansas	268.7	276.0	276.5	276.0	70.1	70.3	70.1	69.9	151.2	152.6	152.7	152.3
California	3,138.2	3,135.8	3,138.5	3,141.7	844.6	846.1	849.3	845.6	2,844.4	2,912.6	2,909.1	2,903.5
Colorado	501.3	499.4	498.3	496.3	181.6	177.5	177.1	175.2	477.5	491.7	492.6	490.4
Connecticut	300.2	296.7	296.9	297.0	118.7	115.8	115.2	115.0	223.2	223.5	225.1	227.3
Delaware	88.7	90.7	90.5	91.1	47.9	50.0	50.1	50.7	65.2	66.8	67.3	67.3
District of Columbia	30.4	30.7	30.6	30.4	27.4	27.6	27.8	28.4	172.5	174.6	174.0	175.0
Florida	1,909.2	1,957.8	1,972.0	1,978.7	655.0	676.5	677.2	676.5	1,552.3	1,611.0	1,609.4	1,606.2
Georgia	1,025.8	1,020.9	1,024.5	1,026.2	269.1	279.1	279.4	278.9	770.6	779.6	775.4	773.9
Hawaii	114.2	116.4	116.2	116.4	27.6	27.7	27.6	27.6	71.0	71.5	71.9	72.1
Idaho	161.6	162.0	162.3	162.1	41.2	41.6	41.6	41.6	106.7	110.9	110.5	111.1
Illinois	1,214.6	1,223.0	1,224.4	1,223.9	401.7	402.9	402.7	404.2	970.9	973.6	969.5	972.5
Indiana	629.6	637.8	637.4	638.2	146.4	150.3	150.6	149.7	365.4	367.2	371.8	376.2
Iowa	314.7	312.4	312.5	311.4	108.8	108.3	108.4	109.0	145.9	145.0	145.6	146.0
Kansas	272.7	273.7	274.2	274.2	75.2	76.4	76.4	75.9	178.9	187.9	186.7	185.8
Kentucky	425.5	432.0	431.7	433.1	96.7	95.5	95.4	94.7	226.7	228.9	230.2	229.2
Louisiana	373.7	371.4	371.0	370.7	88.2	92.3	92.2	92.8	220.8	220.0	219.8	220.4
Maine	118.9	120.6	121.0	120.9	33.5	34.3	34.4	34.4	75.4	76.3	76.8	76.9
Maryland	479.3	477.4	475.6	476.1	134.2	136.1	135.7	136.2	472.6	465.5	468.5	469.2
Massachusetts	565.8	571.4	572.1	572.1	225.0	232.1	232.0	232.2	630.3	649.9	652.3	653.5
Michigan	805.4	807.1	810.4	810.8	233.7	228.2	228.8	227.9	656.4	660.9	659.4	660.7
Minnesota	525.7	532.0	532.5	530.2	190.9	191.4	191.3	191.3	383.7	390.0	391.2	390.0
Mississippi	242.4	246.3	246.7	245.4	43.8	44.0	44.4	44.6	118.3	118.0	117.0	116.7
Missouri	558.4	557.2	558.9	557.5	183.8	188.5	188.8	188.2	379.6	386.5	387.1	389.6
Montana	99.3	100.1	100.2	100.5	28.2	29.1	29.1	28.8	49.2	51.0	50.9	51.0
Nebraska	196.9	197.6	197.9	197.8	71.4	70.4	70.2	70.2	121.3	121.8	122.1	122.3
Nevada	292.3	292.6	294.6	295.2	75.2	76.0	75.4	75.4	207.8	217.2	218.6	219.2
New Hampshire	139.2	139.8	140.1	140.1	34.4	34.3	34.1	34.3	94.7	100.5	100.5	101.2
New Jersey	913.7	921.5	919.8	920.2	258.2	259.5	259.4	259.1	725.3	724.8	722.6	719.1
New Mexico	143.7	142.7	141.9	142.1	34.9	34.3	34.1	34.5	114.4	118.9	119.5	120.1
New York	1,485.4	1,475.0	1,474.6	1,474.1	718.5	738.5	737.7	737.3	1,345.2	1,384.5	1,388.2	1,390.0
North Carolina	920.8	923.3	923.2	924.0	288.5	296.7	296.7	296.0	724.7	747.0	748.6	749.4
North Dakota	90.5	91.4	91.9	92.3	24.4	24.3	24.2	24.4	34.6	35.4	35.4	34.9
Ohio	1,059.2	1,052.3	1,053.6	1,053.4	316.8	320.5	321.6	321.7	742.1	740.5	738.2	740.1
Oklahoma	322.1	325.8	325.8	323.9	80.4	81.0	81.1	81.5	200.5	206.2	205.9	205.1
Oregon	367.3	369.8	368.6	367.3	105.6	107.7	106.3	106.2	262.9	270.5	270.6	271.8
Pennsylvania	1,141.0	1,160.1	1,159.0	1,157.8	332.8	338.4	339.7	340.8	839.5	854.4	858.1	859.0
Rhode Island	76.7	78.0	78.3	77.1	34.4	35.4	35.4	35.3	69.4	68.7	69.2	69.7
South Carolina	431.6	438.0	438.7	439.9	115.3	118.5	118.3	119.0	305.4	310.7	310.7	309.2
South Dakota	88.7	90.9	92.2	91.9	28.0	27.8	27.8	27.8	36.5	37.0	37.0	36.6
Tennessee	675.8	688.0	686.5	685.0	173.5	174.4	174.2	173.7	462.0	472.2	473.3	472.7
Texas	2,689.4	2,752.2	2,758.1	2,763.5	866.3	905.1	904.4	901.8	2,034.5	2,109.0	2,121.3	2,116.5
Utah	311.8	315.9	316.6	316.5	98.3	96.2	96.4	95.9	244.3	252.1	251.4	251.2
Vermont	51.8	52.8	52.8	52.6	12.0	12.3	12.2	12.3	31.8	32.7	33.4	33.3
Virginia	664.5	667.9	667.9	666.0	215.1	214.4	214.2	213.4	797.6	814.3	812.4	815.9
Washington	612.4	619.0	618.5	619.8	165.7	165.8	166.2	166.2	541.4	559.0	562.2	559.9
West Virginia	123.8	122.4	122.9	123.3	25.3	25.3	25.1	25.5	71.8	70.8	71.1	71.4
Wisconsin	550.3	551.6	554.5	555.7	158.1	160.4	160.4	159.7	329.7	325.6	324.7	324.8
Wyoming	52.1	52.2	52.3	52.4	11.5	11.6	11.8	11.6	20.3	20.8	20.8	20.9
Puerto Rico	183.7	186.8	185.4	185.0	46.9	47.1	46.7	46.8	139.1	141.0	142.1	142.0
Virgin Islands(1)	6.5	6.9	6.9	6.9	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Footnotes (1) Missing series (denoted by '-') are not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are counts of jobs by place of work. Estimates are currently estimated from 2022 benchmark levels. Estimates subsequent to the current benchmarks are preliminary and will be revised when new information becomes available.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
Table 3. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by state and selected industry sector, seasonally adjusted-Continued [In thousands]

State	Education and health services				Leisure and hospitality				Government
	Mar. 2022	Jan. 2023	Feb. 2023	Mar. 2023(p)	Mar. 2022	Jan. 2023	Feb. 2023	Mar. 2023(p)	Mar. 2022	Jan. 2023	Feb. 2023	Mar. 2023(p)
Alabama	245.5	252.1	253.1	253.5	196.4	202.0	201.8	201.4	389.2	395.7	396.0	397.9
Alaska	50.0	50.6	50.8	50.3	34.0	35.5	35.7	35.5	77.7	77.3	78.3	78.3
Arizona	475.8	498.5	500.1	497.9	332.0	343.9	344.3	344.7	409.6	415.2	417.5	418.8
Arkansas	196.5	203.8	203.1	203.3	120.7	126.5	126.5	126.6	207.1	208.5	208.7	208.8
California	2,890.5	3,020.6	3,029.1	3,036.1	1,882.9	2,007.7	2,015.3	2,020.2	2,518.6	2,560.4	2,565.4	2,572.3
Colorado	349.7	354.6	355.2	354.3	334.2	350.0	350.3	349.9	446.3	452.0	453.5	455.0
Connecticut	340.1	349.6	351.9	352.0	147.1	153.1	154.2	154.0	226.4	229.1	229.4	230.0
Delaware	78.9	79.3	79.3	79.6	50.0	51.2	51.6	52.0	66.8	67.7	68.5	68.6
District of Columbia	120.7	122.5	123.7	123.7	64.3	74.3	75.5	76.7	241.1	234.2	234.6	234.2
Florida	1,370.8	1,445.3	1,455.6	1,462.4	1,214.2	1,302.7	1,313.1	1,318.3	1,086.2	1,103.1	1,108.7	1,110.2
Georgia	617.7	648.1	650.3	653.4	474.5	510.4	511.9	515.7	672.0	684.0	686.3	688.4
Hawaii	86.2	87.5	87.7	86.2	108.0	119.5	120.0	120.3	119.0	118.4	122.0	122.8
Idaho	120.2	124.2	124.9	125.0	88.8	91.8	92.1	92.5	125.3	129.5	131.1	131.8
Illinois	920.9	955.2	957.2	957.5	554.5	589.4	594.7	597.7	787.6	804.1	809.2	810.8
Indiana	469.0	483.1	483.4	482.4	299.6	313.9	315.6	316.3	409.4	411.5	413.5	414.8
Iowa	225.4	234.7	234.2	235.7	136.3	141.1	141.2	141.4	255.6	259.1	260.3	260.6
Kansas	197.1	204.6	204.9	204.3	126.4	134.1	133.8	134.0	250.3	256.3	253.5	254.2
Kentucky	285.7	293.3	294.4	297.1	195.1	198.5	198.4	200.0	298.1	299.5	304.0	304.7
Louisiana	320.8	332.0	334.5	335.3	210.8	219.4	220.2	220.7	309.9	314.6	314.4	314.0
Maine	125.0	127.5	127.7	128.2	65.5	67.3	66.7	66.3	98.9	100.6	100.2	100.0
Maryland	440.4	456.3	455.7	457.3	249.8	257.4	256.1	257.6	507.3	519.6	519.7	520.2
Massachusetts	804.7	821.9	825.6	830.9	345.2	355.6	356.0	361.9	446.6	457.5	457.2	457.8
Michigan	656.5	674.2	673.5	675.4	397.4	411.3	414.9	415.5	581.2	599.1	602.6	603.0
Minnesota	543.9	558.6	558.6	559.2	250.5	268.1	269.9	270.6	406.1	413.7	414.5	414.9
Mississippi	142.2	148.6	149.0	148.9	131.4	134.4	135.9	136.3	232.4	233.3	233.6	233.7
Missouri	484.6	495.3	495.4	493.8	294.0	307.6	308.3	311.1	424.7	427.6	428.2	428.4
Montana	80.2	82.6	82.4	82.6	70.1	71.5	71.8	71.5	90.4	90.0	89.6	89.9
Nebraska	155.4	158.8	158.9	159.4	91.3	94.9	96.5	97.0	170.2	170.5	171.8	172.3
Nevada	154.9	161.9	165.2	167.2	330.7	353.9	355.2	356.2	163.3	171.2	171.1	170.9
New Hampshire	121.6	126.8	125.0	124.9	70.4	72.8	73.3	74.1	86.5	88.1	86.5	86.3
New Jersey	721.0	764.3	766.5	766.6	372.1	393.0	393.2	395.3	583.7	586.2	586.3	586.3
New Mexico	139.8	143.7	144.7	145.7	93.5	97.0	97.0	97.3	178.7	182.7	183.1	184.3
New York	2,115.7	2,190.1	2,202.1	2,212.5	847.0	910.5	915.1	922.9	1,440.1	1,447.8	1,448.4	1,447.4
North Carolina	644.8	666.6	669.6	672.5	492.7	525.9	527.2	529.6	718.7	720.7	723.2	723.2
North Dakota	66.4	67.7	67.7	67.9	38.8	39.8	40.2	39.9	81.6	82.0	81.9	81.8
Ohio	896.2	917.3	920.0	924.2	535.6	556.0	557.0	558.3	761.8	771.0	768.9	770.0
Oklahoma	238.7	247.7	247.1	246.9	170.2	182.6	182.7	182.1	348.9	350.6	351.6	352.3
Oregon	301.6	309.2	310.0	311.6	195.9	205.7	204.9	204.7	291.3	301.4	302.1	302.4
Pennsylvania	1,246.9	1,295.6	1,295.4	1,298.9	529.4	551.6	556.5	561.0	676.9	682.6	683.3	684.8
Rhode Island	104.3	104.8	104.8	104.6	57.1	57.5	57.8	57.7	63.1	63.2	64.0	65.0
South Carolina	259.8	275.4	275.0	275.4	262.5	271.3	273.3	274.7	365.6	371.8	373.7	374.2
South Dakota	74.6	76.8	76.7	76.5	48.3	50.6	50.4	50.2	79.6	80.4	81.0	81.0
Tennessee	445.7	460.3	461.3	462.4	337.3	357.5	360.2	362.6	432.1	441.4	444.2	444.8
Texas	1,775.8	1,853.1	1,864.1	1,869.5	1,382.7	1,460.7	1,464.7	1,472.1	1,978.8	2,023.5	2,030.3	2,036.0
Utah	221.7	228.3	230.2	231.4	159.4	161.4	166.3	167.1	251.5	257.5	257.9	258.3
Vermont	61.4	62.1	62.2	62.2	32.6	32.1	32.5	32.8	53.2	54.3	54.4	54.2
Virginia	545.6	570.4	572.3	574.5	384.9	407.9	407.9	409.0	713.3	719.6	726.3	728.2
Washington	510.8	525.4	532.7	534.1	322.3	340.8	341.9	343.7	562.8	575.8	578.6	579.8
West Virginia	127.3	129.7	130.5	130.2	70.4	70.3	70.1	70.1	149.0	148.8	149.2	149.3
Wisconsin	454.1	465.3	466.1	466.8	265.9	270.8	272.2	272.8	393.8	399.2	402.0	402.7
Wyoming	28.6	29.4	29.7	30.0	37.6	38.3	37.9	38.0	67.0	67.7	67.8	68.1
Puerto Rico	120.1	124.0	124.2	124.4	84.7	90.6	91.4	92.2	194.2	198.4	198.8	199.1
Virgin Islands	2.3	2.4	2.5	2.5	6.3	6.0	6.1	6.1	10.9	10.8	10.8	10.9
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are counts of jobs by place of work. Estimates are currently estimated from 2022 benchmark levels. Estimates subsequent to the current benchmarks are preliminary and will be revised when new information becomes available.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
Table 4. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by state and selected industry sector, not seasonally adjusted [In thousands]

State	Total				Mining and logging				Construction
	February		March		February		March		February		March
	2022	2023	2022	2023(p)	2022	2023	2022	2023(p)	2022	2023	2022	2023(p)
Alabama	2,089.6	2,133.9	2,090.1	2,137.3	9.0	8.6	9.0	8.4	97.1	100.2	99.0	100.8
Alaska	305.6	316.3	308.1	316.2	10.4	10.5	10.6	10.3	13.6	14.4	13.9	14.5
Arizona	3,082.8	3,155.2	3,082.8	3,145.4	12.5	13.7	12.5	13.7	188.4	194.5	190.2	196.0
Arkansas	1,315.1	1,346.2	1,319.6	1,350.9	5.2	4.9	5.2	5.0	55.2	58.4	55.8	59.4
California	17,419.2	17,867.8	17,495.0	17,905.1	19.1	19.8	19.0	19.7	896.5	900.0	903.6	888.4
Colorado	2,817.0	2,865.7	2,827.7	2,865.4	20.1	21.3	20.2	21.4	175.5	173.5	176.3	174.4
Connecticut	1,636.3	1,665.5	1,646.4	1,670.0	0.4	0.5	0.4	0.5	55.4	55.9	57.5	55.5
Delaware(1)	460.3	472.0	463.8	477.3	-	-	-	-	22.8	23.3	23.1	24.1
District of Columbia(1)	754.3	765.4	758.8	769.7	-	-	-	-	15.2	14.7	15.4	15.2
Florida	9,297.5	9,695.6	9,314.9	9,710.2	5.5	5.8	5.5	5.8	590.6	608.5	592.4	605.5
Georgia	4,726.9	4,868.2	4,738.6	4,878.1	9.6	9.8	9.6	9.8	209.3	219.8	210.5	219.1
Hawaii(1)	609.5	633.8	612.0	633.4	-	-	-	-	36.5	38.5	37.0	38.1
Idaho	811.3	835.9	816.1	839.4	4.0	4.0	3.8	4.0	61.7	66.2	63.1	65.8
Illinois	5,881.5	6,023.7	5,929.6	6,046.9	6.5	6.9	6.6	6.9	201.3	204.9	211.6	213.1
Indiana	3,128.9	3,211.6	3,150.6	3,228.1	5.3	5.7	5.5	5.8	143.7	156.8	147.3	161.1
Iowa	1,546.8	1,569.3	1,552.2	1,575.0	1.9	2.2	2.0	2.2	69.7	72.7	72.1	74.9
Kansas	1,395.8	1,436.9	1,397.1	1,436.7	6.0	6.4	6.0	6.4	61.1	65.2	61.7	65.9
Kentucky	1,929.3	1,977.1	1,943.2	1,990.4	7.8	8.5	7.8	8.7	77.5	79.7	79.5	82.8
Louisiana	1,907.4	1,939.5	1,905.4	1,949.0	30.2	31.7	30.4	32.6	127.6	131.2	128.2	133.1
Maine	617.5	627.2	620.5	627.9	2.1	2.1	2.1	2.1	30.4	30.1	30.6	30.2
Maryland	2,672.9	2,692.4	2,672.7	2,714.1	1.3	1.4	1.3	1.4	157.4	157.6	158.6	159.0
Massachusetts	3,579.1	3,676.7	3,597.1	3,705.1	0.8	0.9	0.9	0.9	157.2	160.7	159.4	165.2
Michigan	4,273.1	4,364.4	4,298.2	4,373.2	6.4	7.0	6.6	7.0	163.5	174.8	168.0	176.4
Minnesota	2,866.7	2,932.7	2,859.9	2,924.0	6.2	6.1	6.3	6.2	113.0	117.7	114.5	116.1
Mississippi	1,158.2	1,173.5	1,157.4	1,171.2	6.0	6.2	6.1	6.1	46.9	47.3	46.4	47.6
Missouri	2,872.9	2,940.6	2,888.6	2,955.9	4.3	4.4	4.3	4.5	130.5	132.1	133.6	135.2
Montana	496.5	507.5	499.1	509.4	6.6	6.7	6.5	6.7	32.0	34.8	33.0	35.0
Nebraska	1,008.9	1,031.6	1,013.0	1,038.5	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	53.1	57.9	54.4	59.2
Nevada	1,452.2	1,529.0	1,461.8	1,533.7	14.9	15.1	15.0	15.2	100.7	112.4	103.2	111.7
New Hampshire	674.8	692.5	677.1	693.0	0.9	0.9	0.9	0.9	27.9	28.5	28.3	28.9
New Jersey	4,145.6	4,235.3	4,177.1	4,246.9	1.6	1.7	1.6	1.7	153.6	156.1	157.3	158.1
New Mexico	837.5	860.2	840.1	865.4	20.0	23.0	20.3	22.9	47.8	50.2	48.4	50.5
New York	9,306.5	9,568.4	9,365.3	9,622.0	4.8	5.2	5.0	5.2	358.6	382.7	366.2	386.2
North Carolina	4,713.1	4,857.5	4,741.9	4,886.6	5.5	5.3	5.5	5.5	241.6	250.6	244.3	251.2
North Dakota	416.6	427.8	419.7	429.7	14.5	17.5	14.9	18.3	21.6	22.8	22.5	23.3
Ohio	5,425.1	5,508.3	5,450.1	5,539.0	8.5	9.0	8.8	9.1	211.3	220.7	219.5	223.4
Oklahoma	1,674.0	1,717.5	1,679.9	1,722.9	29.5	30.7	29.8	31.8	78.0	81.3	78.9	82.3
Oregon	1,917.1	1,970.2	1,928.6	1,979.5	6.3	6.1	6.2	6.3	111.6	117.8	112.6	119.2
Pennsylvania	5,867.2	6,032.5	5,915.7	6,065.5	21.4	22.8	21.6	22.7	239.1	246.9	247.5	250.9
Rhode Island	481.9	489.5	485.0	490.0	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.2	19.0	21.5	19.4	21.8
South Carolina	2,207.6	2,264.8	2,211.5	2,276.0	4.3	4.5	4.3	4.5	106.2	109.4	106.9	109.4
South Dakota	439.6	450.6	442.9	451.7	1.0	1.1	1.0	1.1	22.5	21.5	23.0	22.5
Tennessee	3,190.4	3,292.4	3,204.5	3,298.6	4.3	4.4	4.4	4.4	140.4	149.8	143.1	149.6
Texas	13,171.9	13,753.9	13,219.6	13,789.3	192.0	211.3	192.9	212.7	760.6	793.0	766.1	800.9
Utah	1,655.0	1,701.9	1,661.3	1,705.4	9.4	10.0	9.5	10.2	124.7	132.0	126.9	132.8
Vermont	301.3	307.0	302.6	306.0	0.7	0.7	0.8	0.7	13.7	13.9	14.0	14.0
Virginia	4,002.9	4,103.4	4,014.5	4,115.4	7.0	7.0	7.1	7.1	203.3	210.0	205.4	210.0
Washington	3,454.0	3,581.1	3,478.7	3,592.7	5.4	5.7	5.4	5.7	222.8	231.0	225.8	230.8
West Virginia	686.2	689.3	691.3	694.5	19.2	20.7	19.3	21.0	29.4	28.0	30.4	28.7
Wisconsin	2,905.3	2,951.2	2,917.5	2,960.4	3.4	3.6	3.5	3.6	117.8	121.4	119.9	121.1
Wyoming	276.0	282.7	277.4	284.1	15.6	16.3	15.8	16.3	18.9	19.5	19.3	20.2
Puerto Rico	910.6	942.8	922.4	946.1	0.6	0.6	0.7	0.6	31.0	34.2	32.3	35.2
Virgin Islands(1)	34.3	35.2	34.9	35.4	-	-	-	-	1.9	2.1	2.0	2.1
Footnotes (1) Mining and logging is combined with construction. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are counts of jobs by place of work. Estimates are currently estimated from 2022 benchmark levels. Estimates subsequent to the current benchmarks are preliminary and will be revised when new information becomes available.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
Table 4. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by state and selected industry sector, not seasonally adjusted-Continued [In thousands]

State	Manufacturing				Trade, transportation, and utilities				Information
	February		March		February		March		February		March
	2022	2023	2022	2023(p)	2022	2023	2022	2023(p)	2022	2023	2022	2023(p)
Alabama	270.2	278.4	271.0	276.8	406.8	406.1	404.3	406.0	22.0	22.9	22.4	22.4
Alaska	11.5	11.4	11.4	11.7	60.3	63.0	60.6	62.4	4.8	4.8	4.7	4.7
Arizona	187.8	194.6	188.9	196.4	606.4	602.6	603.8	600.5	50.8	50.6	50.9	50.2
Arkansas	160.8	164.0	161.0	163.9	267.0	274.4	267.0	274.8	12.5	12.8	12.5	12.7
California	1,313.7	1,330.9	1,320.9	1,336.7	3,118.9	3,119.1	3,108.9	3,111.7	611.7	592.6	607.5	600.4
Colorado	152.0	154.5	152.3	154.4	499.3	498.1	497.8	493.3	78.5	76.7	78.9	77.3
Connecticut	154.4	158.2	155.4	157.8	295.8	295.6	295.3	294.4	31.2	31.0	30.9	31.0
Delaware	25.8	26.9	25.8	27.0	86.8	89.7	87.1	89.9	3.7	3.6	3.7	3.6
District of Columbia	1.0	1.0	1.1	1.0	30.2	30.5	30.1	30.3	20.5	20.9	20.7	20.9
Florida	403.2	417.4	404.9	417.5	1,912.8	1,968.0	1,902.6	1,973.8	151.7	153.2	153.2	152.2
Georgia	412.5	418.5	413.5	417.1	1,018.1	1,025.2	1,019.3	1,025.9	128.8	130.3	130.8	129.8
Hawaii	12.3	12.7	12.4	12.8	113.0	116.0	113.6	115.8	8.7	8.9	8.9	8.9
Idaho	72.6	71.5	72.8	71.7	160.5	160.9	160.7	160.5	8.8	9.2	8.8	9.5
Illinois	563.7	568.2	566.6	567.8	1,198.9	1,212.1	1,200.3	1,210.2	93.7	91.7	93.9	91.1
Indiana	537.7	539.0	539.5	539.9	621.2	630.1	623.3	630.9	26.5	25.7	26.6	25.6
Iowa	220.7	224.5	221.2	224.9	311.8	310.7	311.0	308.2	19.0	18.9	19.0	19.0
Kansas	165.7	171.6	166.8	171.8	271.0	272.2	269.8	271.9	18.1	18.1	18.2	18.0
Kentucky	248.1	256.6	248.1	257.6	422.0	428.5	423.2	429.7	20.9	21.8	21.0	21.8
Louisiana	131.4	135.6	132.2	136.6	373.9	368.1	372.6	369.2	22.2	23.6	23.0	22.8
Maine	53.4	53.7	53.7	53.2	116.1	118.0	116.2	117.7	7.9	7.8	7.9	7.8
Maryland	109.2	109.8	108.9	109.0	475.2	468.0	472.6	470.6	35.4	34.6	35.4	34.9
Massachusetts	236.2	236.1	237.2	236.9	554.3	566.0	554.7	565.1	94.8	96.6	94.5	96.3
Michigan	592.5	605.4	602.9	603.5	794.7	800.6	794.8	802.2	54.8	57.4	55.1	56.9
Minnesota	317.3	323.9	318.3	322.5	517.8	524.5	515.6	524.1	44.6	45.8	44.6	46.1
Mississippi	148.8	148.2	148.2	147.0	241.1	245.7	240.2	243.5	9.9	10.3	10.0	10.2
Missouri	277.8	290.9	279.0	291.8	554.4	557.2	554.3	555.2	47.6	47.9	47.9	47.7
Montana	22.0	22.9	21.8	22.5	98.3	99.3	98.3	99.3	5.8	5.7	5.7	5.6
Nebraska	102.0	105.3	102.5	105.8	194.9	196.1	194.9	196.8	17.9	18.1	17.9	18.2
Nevada	64.8	67.3	65.2	67.4	291.6	292.4	289.2	292.8	16.7	18.8	17.3	18.8
New Hampshire	69.5	71.2	70.0	71.0	136.5	138.7	137.1	138.9	11.9	11.7	11.9	11.6
New Jersey	246.6	252.3	248.0	252.5	900.9	907.4	901.7	906.9	73.2	75.8	73.8	75.9
New Mexico	28.3	29.2	28.3	29.1	143.2	141.2	142.3	141.0	10.3	10.8	10.6	10.6
New York	418.0	420.6	420.4	423.5	1,461.1	1,456.2	1,461.9	1,454.6	290.3	290.8	292.6	293.0
North Carolina	470.5	477.0	472.3	476.5	914.2	914.5	912.6	918.7	78.8	85.1	79.2	84.6
North Dakota	26.5	27.2	26.7	27.3	89.4	91.1	89.8	91.1	5.8	5.6	5.8	5.6
Ohio	676.7	684.5	679.2	691.5	1,048.0	1,045.2	1,049.7	1,042.2	68.4	67.9	68.6	68.3
Oklahoma	131.3	135.2	131.9	134.8	320.0	323.5	318.7	322.1	17.3	17.6	17.4	17.6
Oregon	189.5	192.5	189.9	192.4	364.1	365.0	364.4	362.8	36.3	36.5	36.6	36.7
Pennsylvania	556.4	563.9	560.0	565.8	1,132.5	1,151.9	1,133.2	1,149.2	90.6	95.1	91.1	95.8
Rhode Island	39.8	40.0	40.0	39.7	75.6	77.5	75.5	76.2	5.4	5.9	5.5	5.8
South Carolina	259.4	261.4	260.6	262.6	429.9	435.1	428.7	437.5	29.1	31.3	29.0	31.8
South Dakota	44.7	45.7	44.9	46.0	87.2	91.2	87.5	90.8	5.2	5.2	5.2	5.2
Tennessee	359.0	368.2	360.9	369.9	674.6	685.5	673.1	681.5	51.9	56.3	52.8	56.3
Texas	905.1	945.0	910.4	946.5	2,665.4	2,747.5	2,665.1	2,748.6	221.0	237.9	223.3	236.7
Utah	150.3	152.0	150.6	152.5	309.3	314.3	308.7	313.7	43.4	45.5	44.2	44.9
Vermont	28.8	28.9	28.8	28.5	51.2	52.6	51.3	52.0	4.3	4.5	4.2	4.5
Virginia	241.1	244.2	243.1	243.8	657.7	661.5	657.8	657.2	68.7	70.0	68.9	70.8
Washington	263.5	273.3	264.4	273.0	604.8	611.4	605.1	612.5	164.7	169.0	165.7	170.1
West Virginia	45.5	45.1	45.8	45.4	122.0	121.1	121.9	122.1	7.7	7.7	7.8	7.7
Wisconsin	474.8	483.0	476.3	482.9	541.5	545.4	542.0	547.3	45.3	45.2	45.4	45.0
Wyoming	9.8	10.6	9.9	10.5	51.3	51.8	51.3	51.7	3.0	3.1	3.0	3.1
Puerto Rico	81.0	83.7	82.4	83.5	181.6	185.1	183.0	184.9	16.5	16.5	16.8	16.4
Virgin Islands	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	6.5	6.9	6.5	7.0	0.4	0.5	0.4	0.5
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are counts of jobs by place of work. Estimates are currently estimated from 2022 benchmark levels. Estimates subsequent to the current benchmarks are preliminary and will be revised when new information becomes available.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
Table 4. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by state and selected industry sector, not seasonally adjusted-Continued [In thousands]

State	Financial activities				Professional and business services				Education and health services
	February		March		February		March		February		March
	2022	2023	2022	2023(p)	2022	2023	2022	2023(p)	2022	2023	2022	2023(p)
Alabama	100.5	101.3	100.3	102.1	259.6	267.0	257.7	267.7	244.9	253.3	243.7	252.6
Alaska	10.8	11.0	10.9	11.1	26.2	28.0	26.3	27.4	50.0	51.0	50.2	50.7
Arizona	249.3	253.5	249.2	250.1	465.2	475.2	462.3	471.1	478.1	504.1	476.6	499.8
Arkansas	69.8	69.2	69.7	69.1	150.8	152.5	151.0	152.2	196.7	203.5	197.1	203.9
California	843.3	848.4	840.0	842.6	2,827.4	2,891.9	2,829.8	2,887.3	2,883.1	3,039.0	2,899.1	3,046.7
Colorado	180.8	176.3	181.0	173.8	468.9	487.3	470.1	484.8	350.0	355.7	350.4	354.6
Connecticut	117.9	114.8	118.2	114.8	215.8	218.7	218.6	223.5	340.0	353.7	340.8	352.5
Delaware	47.8	50.0	47.7	50.6	64.1	65.7	64.5	66.8	78.9	79.1	79.1	79.4
District of Columbia	27.3	27.6	27.4	28.3	171.3	173.2	171.8	174.0	122.7	124.8	123.2	124.8
Florida	651.5	673.4	653.4	674.0	1,549.0	1,610.6	1,551.8	1,606.8	1,374.9	1,462.4	1,371.8	1,465.8
Georgia	268.0	279.8	268.1	278.7	768.1	772.6	765.8	769.7	617.4	653.0	618.5	656.2
Hawaii	27.5	27.5	27.6	27.4	70.9	71.9	70.9	72.4	86.8	88.3	86.7	86.5
Idaho	40.8	41.4	41.0	41.5	103.9	108.0	105.2	109.4	120.4	125.9	121.0	126.1
Illinois	397.9	400.6	398.7	402.5	949.4	950.6	955.7	949.7	920.9	963.5	925.7	963.1
Indiana	145.3	149.4	145.0	148.8	358.7	364.8	360.5	369.3	468.5	485.0	469.9	483.9
Iowa	108.2	107.9	108.2	108.3	142.6	142.4	143.7	142.9	230.7	237.1	230.2	238.7
Kansas	75.1	76.2	74.6	75.3	177.1	183.7	176.3	183.4	197.1	205.5	196.7	204.6
Kentucky	95.9	95.0	96.1	94.3	223.8	229.8	224.1	227.6	284.4	294.9	285.5	297.6
Louisiana	87.9	92.2	87.7	92.6	221.0	217.2	220.4	220.2	320.9	334.5	319.5	334.7
Maine	33.1	34.1	33.1	34.0	73.5	74.8	73.7	75.2	125.2	128.1	125.9	129.2
Maryland	134.8	134.1	133.3	134.6	470.0	461.2	467.1	464.0	443.2	456.7	441.6	460.0
Massachusetts	223.3	230.9	223.4	230.7	616.3	637.6	617.7	640.4	809.0	831.1	811.1	839.2
Michigan	231.8	226.5	232.0	225.7	652.6	655.0	650.7	656.8	657.2	674.3	656.9	676.6
Minnesota	190.3	190.4	189.3	190.2	378.9	382.0	375.7	379.1	547.7	559.2	544.6	559.2
Mississippi	43.7	44.1	43.7	44.4	118.8	115.1	117.7	115.8	141.5	149.9	142.0	149.2
Missouri	182.4	187.9	182.5	187.4	374.3	383.2	376.8	388.3	486.7	499.4	483.9	495.3
Montana	27.9	28.9	27.9	28.6	47.8	49.0	48.0	49.6	80.6	83.1	80.7	83.2
Nebraska	71.2	69.6	71.0	69.8	119.0	120.2	119.9	120.7	155.9	159.4	155.6	160.0
Nevada	74.9	74.9	75.0	75.1	205.2	216.2	205.3	216.7	154.3	166.2	154.8	167.8
New Hampshire	34.3	33.9	34.2	34.1	92.2	99.8	93.0	100.2	123.9	127.0	123.6	125.4
New Jersey	255.1	258.6	256.5	257.8	708.5	701.8	714.3	702.8	722.0	766.8	726.0	769.8
New Mexico	34.7	33.8	34.7	34.1	113.8	118.5	113.6	119.2	140.3	145.6	140.1	146.4
New York	711.6	731.1	712.3	732.9	1,320.2	1,364.0	1,328.5	1,371.2	2,139.7	2,218.3	2,150.1	2,236.8
North Carolina	284.8	294.1	285.6	293.9	719.7	746.0	721.4	747.2	643.5	670.1	645.0	675.2
North Dakota	24.4	24.1	24.3	24.3	33.5	34.5	33.9	34.2	66.1	67.7	66.5	68.0
Ohio	313.6	320.0	314.1	319.7	730.1	720.4	728.9	724.2	895.4	924.4	895.8	930.0
Oklahoma	79.8	80.8	79.8	81.2	197.3	202.4	198.7	203.1	237.8	247.4	237.9	246.0
Oregon	104.5	105.8	104.8	105.2	259.9	268.4	261.9	270.6	303.3	311.6	305.0	314.1
Pennsylvania	329.7	337.6	331.0	338.7	822.9	846.1	831.7	847.8	1,254.0	1,302.9	1,260.0	1,312.7
Rhode Island	34.3	35.0	34.2	34.9	67.8	66.6	67.6	66.8	104.6	105.9	105.9	105.9
South Carolina	114.2	118.1	114.3	118.5	305.2	313.0	302.4	308.8	261.9	275.5	260.5	275.3
South Dakota	27.8	27.7	27.8	27.6	35.6	36.5	36.0	35.9	74.5	76.8	74.8	77.0
Tennessee	172.4	173.0	172.5	172.6	456.4	467.6	457.1	467.8	446.6	462.5	447.5	463.6
Texas	859.9	900.4	861.7	898.5	2,022.6	2,109.0	2,025.2	2,097.0	1,767.2	1,865.1	1,768.2	1,868.1
Utah	98.1	96.1	97.7	95.3	241.0	247.1	241.3	246.9	225.6	234.1	225.3	235.6
Vermont	11.9	12.0	11.9	12.2	30.8	32.8	30.9	32.2	61.9	62.3	63.1	62.9
Virginia	213.4	213.6	213.7	212.6	791.9	804.1	790.3	809.9	550.1	573.2	548.4	574.1
Washington	164.4	165.2	165.5	164.7	532.0	556.4	536.7	554.6	510.4	534.9	513.8	537.5
West Virginia	25.0	24.8	25.2	25.3	70.6	69.7	71.4	70.9	127.3	130.8	127.7	130.3
Wisconsin	156.8	159.9	157.0	158.9	323.4	317.5	325.3	319.6	453.7	464.5	453.8	466.6
Wyoming	11.3	11.8	11.4	11.6	19.4	20.0	19.5	20.0	29.0	29.9	28.9	30.2
Puerto Rico	46.5	46.6	47.0	46.7	137.9	141.7	140.1	141.7	119.1	123.9	121.1	125.1
Virgin Islands	1.8	1.8	1.8	1.8	2.9	2.8	2.9	2.8	2.3	2.5	2.3	2.5
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are counts of jobs by place of work. Estimates are currently estimated from 2022 benchmark levels. Estimates subsequent to the current benchmarks are preliminary and will be revised when new information becomes available.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
Table 4. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by state and selected industry sector, not seasonally adjusted-Continued [In thousands]

State	Leisure and hospitality				Other services				Government
	February		March		February		March		February		March
	2022	2023	2022	2023(p)	2022	2023	2022	2023(p)	2022	2023	2022	2023(p)
Alabama	192.7	197.8	194.1	199.5	97.6	101.5	98.1	102.1	389.2	396.8	390.5	398.9
Alaska	29.1	31.6	30.0	32.3	10.6	11.0	10.7	11.2	78.3	79.6	78.8	79.9
Arizona	330.4	343.5	334.6	344.6	95.1	95.5	95.6	95.1	418.8	427.4	418.2	427.9
Arkansas	116.9	122.1	119.4	124.6	70.3	72.8	70.7	73.1	209.9	211.6	210.2	212.2
California	1,836.1	1,980.2	1,867.8	1,999.4	548.7	570.9	551.9	571.5	2,520.7	2,575.0	2,546.5	2,600.7
Colorado	325.4	345.6	330.0	348.4	120.3	122.7	120.8	124.9	446.2	454.0	449.9	458.1
Connecticut	135.5	142.5	138.0	144.0	59.4	60.9	59.9	61.7	230.5	233.7	231.4	234.3
Delaware	44.8	46.3	46.5	47.6	18.4	18.2	18.4	18.3	67.2	69.2	67.9	70.0
District of Columbia	59.3	71.5	62.0	74.4	66.6	67.8	66.7	67.8	240.2	233.4	240.4	233.0
Florida	1,214.8	1,314.4	1,236.2	1,328.0	338.3	355.0	337.7	352.3	1,105.2	1,126.9	1,105.4	1,128.5
Georgia	460.9	500.7	468.2	510.4	159.5	169.3	159.7	170.4	674.7	689.2	674.6	691.0
Hawaii	106.6	118.8	107.6	119.4	25.5	26.8	25.7	27.0	121.7	124.4	121.6	125.1
Idaho	85.0	88.7	85.9	89.8	26.8	27.8	27.0	27.7	126.8	132.3	126.8	133.4
Illinois	519.4	561.2	534.8	572.5	241.0	250.2	242.8	251.8	788.8	813.8	792.9	818.2
Indiana	288.1	303.0	293.6	308.7	122.2	128.9	122.9	128.8	411.7	423.2	416.5	425.3
Iowa	129.0	133.6	130.8	135.4	55.1	55.7	55.3	56.1	258.1	263.6	258.7	264.4
Kansas	121.7	129.0	123.2	130.5	49.2	50.8	49.3	50.1	253.7	258.2	254.5	258.8
Kentucky	184.0	188.8	190.7	194.2	64.5	66.8	65.2	67.6	300.4	306.7	302.0	308.5
Louisiana	208.6	218.1	209.4	220.0	70.0	69.4	70.6	70.6	313.7	317.9	311.4	316.6
Maine	54.1	55.0	55.3	55.2	21.3	21.7	21.4	21.7	100.4	101.8	100.6	101.6
Maryland	231.3	237.8	236.6	245.2	105.8	107.4	105.2	108.3	509.3	523.8	512.1	527.1
Massachusetts	307.1	320.6	315.5	332.0	128.6	134.3	130.0	135.2	451.5	461.9	452.7	463.2
Michigan	371.4	389.9	379.1	394.6	159.0	159.1	160.2	158.6	589.2	614.4	591.9	614.9
Minnesota	234.7	255.6	236.2	255.6	104.7	106.2	104.3	105.7	411.5	421.3	410.5	419.2
Mississippi	128.5	132.3	129.7	133.0	39.1	39.5	39.3	39.0	233.9	234.9	234.1	235.4
Missouri	275.3	288.3	284.5	300.6	110.8	116.9	111.9	116.2	428.8	432.4	429.9	433.7
Montana	66.3	68.1	67.1	68.6	19.0	18.9	19.1	19.1	90.2	90.1	91.0	91.2
Nebraska	87.7	92.6	88.4	94.1	36.3	38.7	36.6	39.1	169.9	172.7	170.8	173.8
Nevada	322.3	348.9	329.3	352.0	41.0	42.2	41.4	42.0	165.8	174.6	166.1	174.2
New Hampshire	64.7	66.4	65.0	67.7	23.3	24.5	23.5	24.5	89.7	89.9	89.6	89.8
New Jersey	334.4	355.8	344.9	364.9	159.5	164.9	161.1	163.1	590.2	594.1	591.9	593.4
New Mexico	90.3	94.9	92.2	96.8	27.7	28.0	27.9	28.2	181.1	185.0	181.7	186.6
New York	783.0	855.5	804.3	873.6	375.2	389.1	377.6	392.1	1,444.0	1,454.9	1,446.4	1,452.9
North Carolina	466.9	509.1	477.7	515.9	164.4	172.6	164.9	174.6	723.2	733.1	733.4	743.3
North Dakota	37.6	39.2	37.8	39.2	14.6	14.5	14.6	15.0	82.6	83.6	82.9	83.4
Ohio	500.9	524.0	514.2	534.4	201.9	213.9	202.9	213.7	770.3	778.3	768.4	782.5
Oklahoma	165.3	177.3	168.0	180.1	65.3	66.1	65.8	67.1	352.4	355.2	353.0	356.8
Oregon	187.1	196.8	190.3	200.1	60.4	63.2	60.8	63.5	294.1	306.5	296.1	308.6
Pennsylvania	491.9	521.8	507.1	534.5	243.2	250.6	245.5	252.0	685.5	692.9	687.0	695.4
Rhode Island	50.6	50.9	52.0	51.4	20.6	21.4	20.7	21.4	64.1	64.6	64.0	65.9
South Carolina	250.4	258.9	255.9	267.9	80.3	82.0	80.7	81.7	366.7	375.6	368.2	378.0
South Dakota	44.1	46.3	45.1	46.2	17.1	17.3	17.2	17.8	79.9	81.3	80.4	81.6
Tennessee	322.2	347.1	329.0	353.2	123.4	127.6	123.6	128.0	439.2	450.4	440.5	451.7
Texas	1,347.3	1,429.9	1,369.8	1,451.7	432.9	462.2	435.0	468.2	1,997.9	2,052.6	2,001.9	2,060.4
Utah	156.5	165.0	159.7	167.2	43.2	46.3	43.3	45.5	253.5	259.5	254.1	260.8
Vermont	33.8	33.5	33.5	33.3	9.6	9.8	9.6	9.8	54.6	56.0	54.5	55.9
Virginia	363.2	388.6	371.0	397.4	187.4	193.9	187.9	194.5	719.1	737.3	720.9	738.0
Washington	306.7	331.0	313.7	336.6	116.8	122.8	118.1	125.2	562.5	580.4	564.5	582.0
West Virginia	67.5	66.3	68.6	67.5	23.3	24.7	23.8	24.7	148.7	150.4	149.4	150.9
Wisconsin	246.7	253.4	250.5	255.9	143.5	147.1	144.4	148.8	398.4	410.2	399.4	410.7
Wyoming	34.7	35.7	34.8	35.7	15.6	16.0	15.8	16.0	67.4	68.0	67.7	68.8
Puerto Rico	83.6	91.5	84.5	92.2	18.5	19.0	18.7	19.1	194.3	200.0	195.8	200.7
Virgin Islands	6.3	6.2	6.5	6.2	1.0	1.1	1.1	1.1	10.7	10.8	10.9	10.9
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are counts of jobs by place of work. Estimates are currently estimated from 2022 benchmark levels. Estimates subsequent to the current benchmarks are preliminary and will be revised when new information becomes available.