State Employment and Unemployment (Monthly) News Release

For release 10:00 a.m. (ET) Friday, May 19, 2023	               USDL-23-1014

Technical information: 
 Employment:    (202) 691-6559  *  sminfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/sae   
 Unemployment:  (202) 691-6392  *  lausinfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/lau

Media contact:  (202) 691-5902  *  PressOffice@bls.gov


              STATE EMPLOYMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT -- APRIL 2023


Unemployment rates were lower in April in 14 states and stable in 36 states 
and the District of Columbia, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported 
today. Sixteen states had jobless rate decreases from a year earlier, 10 
states had increases, and 24 states and the District had little change. The 
national unemployment rate, 3.4 percent, was little changed from March but 
was 0.2 percentage point lower than in April 2022.

Nonfarm payroll employment increased in 5 states, decreased in 1 state, and
was essentially unchanged in 44 states and the District of Columbia in April 
2023. Over the year, nonfarm payroll employment increased in 40 states and 
was essentially unchanged in 10 states and the District.

This news release presents statistics from two monthly programs. The civilian 
labor force and unemployment data are modeled based largely on a survey of 
households. These data pertain to individuals by where they reside. The 
employment data are from an establishment survey that measures nonfarm 
employment, hours, and earnings by industry. These data pertain to jobs on 
payrolls defined by where the establishments are located. For more information 
about the concepts and statistical methodologies used by these two programs, 
see the Technical Note.

Unemployment

South Dakota had the lowest jobless rate in April, 1.9 percent. The next lowest 
rate was in Nebraska, 2.0 percent, followed by New Hampshire and North Dakota, 
2.1 percent each. The rates in Alabama (2.2 percent), Arizona (3.4 percent), 
Arkansas (2.8 percent), Kentucky (3.7 percent), Maine (2.4 percent), Maryland 
(2.5 percent), Mississippi (3.4 percent), Ohio (3.7 percent), West Virginia
(3.3 percent), and Wisconsin (2.4 percent) set new series lows. (All state series 
begin in 1976.) Nevada had the highest unemployment rate, 5.4 percent. In total, 
17 states had unemployment rates lower than the U.S. figure of 3.4 percent, 8 
states and the District of Columbia had higher rates, and 25 states had rates that
were not appreciably different from that of the nation. (See tables A and 1.)

In April, 14 states had over-the-month unemployment rate decreases, the largest
of  which was in Oregon (-0.4 percentage point). Thirty-six states and the District
of Columbia had jobless rates that were not notably different from those of a month 
earlier, though some had changes that were at least as large numerically as the 
significant changes. (See table B.)

Sixteen states had over-the-year unemployment rate decreases, the largest of which 
was in New Mexico (-0.8 percentage point). Ten states had rate increases from April 
2022, the largest of which were in Kansas, Minnesota, and Virginia (+0.5 percentage 
point each). (See table C.)

Nonfarm Payroll Employment

Nonfarm payroll employment increased in 5 states, decreased in 1 state, and was 
essentially unchanged in 44 states and the District of Columbia in April 2023. The 
largest job gains occurred in California (+67,000), Ohio (+18,100), and New Jersey
(+15,800). The largest percentage increase occurred in Indiana (+0.5 percent), 
followed by Arizona, California, and New Jersey (+0.4 percent each). Employment 
decreased in Rhode Island (-3,800, or -0.8 percent). (See tables D and 3.)

Over the year, nonfarm payroll employment increased in 40 states and was essentially
unchanged in 10 states and the District of Columbia. The largest job increases 
occurred in Texas (+534,600), California (+426,000), and Florida (+363,400). The 
largest percentage increase occurred in Nevada (+4.2 percent), followed by Texas
(+4.0 percent) and Florida (+3.9 percent). (See table E.) 

_____________
The Metropolitan Area Employment and Unemployment news release for April is scheduled to 
be released on Wednesday, May 31, 2023, at 10:00 a.m. (ET). The State Employment and 
Unemployment news release for May is scheduled to be released on Friday, June 16, 2023, 
at 10:00 a.m. (ET).



Table A. States with unemployment rates significantly different
from that of the U.S., April 2023, seasonally adjusted
--------------------------------------------------------------
                State                |          Rate(p)
--------------------------------------------------------------
United States (1) ...................|           3.4
                                     |
Alabama .............................|           2.2
Arkansas ............................|           2.8
California ..........................|           4.5
Colorado ............................|           2.8
Delaware ............................|           4.3
District of Columbia ................|           5.0
Florida .............................|           2.6
Idaho ...............................|           2.6
Illinois ............................|           4.2
Iowa ................................|           2.7
                                     |
Maine ...............................|           2.4
Maryland ............................|           2.5
Missouri ............................|           2.5
Montana .............................|           2.3
Nebraska ............................|           2.0
Nevada ..............................|           5.4
New Hampshire .......................|           2.1
New York ............................|           4.0
North Dakota ........................|           2.1
Pennsylvania ........................|           4.1
                                     |
South Dakota ........................|           1.9
Texas ...............................|           4.0
Utah ................................|           2.3
Vermont .............................|           2.4
Washington ..........................|           4.3
Wisconsin ...........................|           2.4
--------------------------------------------------------------
   (1) Data are not preliminary.
   (p) = preliminary.


Table B. States with statistically significant unemployment rate changes
from March 2023 to April 2023, seasonally adjusted
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                |          Rate         |
                                |-----------|-----------| Over-the-month
             State              |   March   |   April   |    change(p)
                                |   2023    |  2023(p)  |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Arkansas .......................|     3.0   |     2.8   |      -0.2
Iowa ...........................|     2.8   |     2.7   |       -.1
Maine ..........................|     2.6   |     2.4   |       -.2
Maryland .......................|     2.7   |     2.5   |       -.2
Massachusetts ..................|     3.5   |     3.3   |       -.2
Michigan .......................|     4.1   |     3.8   |       -.3
Nebraska .......................|     2.1   |     2.0   |       -.1
New Hampshire ..................|     2.4   |     2.1   |       -.3
Oklahoma .......................|     3.0   |     2.9   |       -.1
Oregon .........................|     4.4   |     4.0   |       -.4
                                |           |           |
Pennsylvania ...................|     4.2   |     4.1   |       -.1
Vermont ........................|     2.7   |     2.4   |       -.3
Washington .....................|     4.5   |     4.3   |       -.2
Wisconsin ......................|     2.5   |     2.4   |       -.1
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
   (p) = preliminary.


Table C. States with statistically significant unemployment rate changes
from April 2022 to April 2023, seasonally adjusted
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                |          Rate         |
                                |-----------|-----------|  Over-the-year
             State              |   April   |   April   |    change(p)
                                |   2022    |  2023(p)  |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Alabama ........................|     2.5   |     2.2   |      -0.3
Alaska .........................|     4.1   |     3.7   |       -.4
Arkansas .......................|     3.1   |     2.8   |       -.3
California .....................|     4.1   |     4.5   |        .4
Colorado .......................|     3.1   |     2.8   |       -.3
Connecticut ....................|     4.2   |     3.8   |       -.4
Florida ........................|     3.0   |     2.6   |       -.4
Iowa ...........................|     2.3   |     2.7   |        .4
Kansas .........................|     2.4   |     2.9   |        .5
Maryland .......................|     3.1   |     2.5   |       -.6
                                |           |           |
Massachusetts ..................|     3.7   |     3.3   |       -.4
Minnesota ......................|     2.3   |     2.8   |        .5
Mississippi ....................|     3.7   |     3.4   |       -.3
Missouri .......................|     2.3   |     2.5   |        .2
Montana ........................|     2.6   |     2.3   |       -.3
New Jersey .....................|     3.9   |     3.5   |       -.4
New Mexico .....................|     4.3   |     3.5   |       -.8
New York .......................|     4.3   |     4.0   |       -.3
Oregon .........................|     3.6   |     4.0   |        .4
Pennsylvania ...................|     4.3   |     4.1   |       -.2
                                |           |           |
Texas ..........................|     3.8   |     4.0   |        .2
Virginia .......................|     2.6   |     3.1   |        .5
Washington .....................|     3.9   |     4.3   |        .4
West Virginia ..................|     3.7   |     3.3   |       -.4
Wisconsin ......................|     2.8   |     2.4   |       -.4
Wyoming ........................|     3.2   |     3.5   |        .3
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
   (p) = preliminary.


Table D. States with statistically significant employment changes from
March 2023 to April 2023, seasonally adjusted
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                              |             |             | Over-the-month change(p)
            State             |    March    |     April   |---------------------------
                              |     2023    |    2023(p)  |    Level    |   Percent
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Arizona ......................|   3,146,200 |   3,158,700 |      12,500 |      0.4
California ...................|  17,971,000 |  18,038,000 |      67,000 |       .4
Indiana ......................|   3,245,700 |   3,260,400 |      14,700 |       .5
New Jersey ...................|   4,316,500 |   4,332,300 |      15,800 |       .4
Ohio .........................|   5,590,500 |   5,608,600 |      18,100 |       .3
Rhode Island .................|     499,400 |     495,600 |      -3,800 |      -.8
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   (p) = preliminary.


Table E. States with statistically significant employment changes from
April 2022 to April 2023, seasonally adjusted
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                              |             |             |  Over-the-year change(p)
            State             |    April    |     April   |---------------------------
                              |     2022    |    2023(p)  |    Level    |   Percent
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Alabama ......................|   2,103,200 |   2,145,700 |      42,500 |      2.0
Alaska .......................|     317,800 |     324,700 |       6,900 |      2.2
Arizona ......................|   3,088,900 |   3,158,700 |      69,800 |      2.3
Arkansas .....................|   1,322,400 |   1,356,000 |      33,600 |      2.5
California ...................|  17,612,000 |  18,038,000 |     426,000 |      2.4
Delaware .....................|     471,400 |     482,400 |      11,000 |      2.3
Florida ......................|   9,341,300 |   9,704,700 |     363,400 |      3.9
Georgia ......................|   4,782,500 |   4,894,300 |     111,800 |      2.3
Hawaii .......................|     612,500 |     631,100 |      18,600 |      3.0
Idaho ........................|     821,600 |     847,300 |      25,700 |      3.1
                              |             |             |             |       
Illinois .....................|   5,995,100 |   6,126,900 |     131,800 |      2.2
Indiana ......................|   3,179,500 |   3,260,400 |      80,900 |      2.5
Iowa .........................|   1,566,500 |   1,592,800 |      26,300 |      1.7
Kansas .......................|   1,409,500 |   1,441,600 |      32,100 |      2.3
Kentucky .....................|   1,953,500 |   2,009,500 |      56,000 |      2.9
Louisiana ....................|   1,910,500 |   1,958,900 |      48,400 |      2.5
Maryland .....................|   2,699,700 |   2,739,200 |      39,500 |      1.5
Massachusetts ................|   3,660,100 |   3,759,200 |      99,100 |      2.7
Michigan .....................|   4,359,300 |   4,420,000 |      60,700 |      1.4
Minnesota ....................|   2,921,000 |   2,979,200 |      58,200 |      2.0
                              |             |             |             |       
Missouri .....................|   2,914,700 |   2,974,600 |      59,900 |      2.1
Nebraska .....................|   1,021,500 |   1,042,900 |      21,400 |      2.1
Nevada .......................|   1,478,700 |   1,540,300 |      61,600 |      4.2
New Hampshire ................|     685,300 |     699,900 |      14,600 |      2.1
New Jersey ...................|   4,233,200 |   4,332,300 |      99,100 |      2.3
New Mexico ...................|     844,700 |     865,800 |      21,100 |      2.5
New York .....................|   9,439,200 |   9,673,000 |     233,800 |      2.5
North Carolina ...............|   4,774,200 |   4,891,300 |     117,100 |      2.5
Ohio .........................|   5,524,600 |   5,608,600 |      84,000 |      1.5
Oklahoma .....................|   1,689,400 |   1,725,800 |      36,400 |      2.2
                              |             |             |             |       
Oregon .......................|   1,938,400 |   1,989,900 |      51,500 |      2.7
Pennsylvania .................|   5,960,800 |   6,117,100 |     156,300 |      2.6
South Carolina ...............|   2,233,100 |   2,291,600 |      58,500 |      2.6
South Dakota .................|     450,600 |     461,700 |      11,100 |      2.5
Tennessee ....................|   3,222,800 |   3,312,800 |      90,000 |      2.8
Texas ........................|  13,336,500 |  13,871,100 |     534,600 |      4.0
Utah .........................|   1,672,800 |   1,720,400 |      47,600 |      2.8
Virginia .....................|   4,051,100 |   4,138,100 |      87,000 |      2.1
Washington ...................|   3,507,500 |   3,624,300 |     116,800 |      3.3
Wisconsin ....................|   2,952,100 |   3,003,600 |      51,500 |      1.7
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   (p) = preliminary.

Technical Note
 
   This news release presents civilian labor force and unemployment data for states and selected substate
   areas from the Local Area Unemployment Statistics (LAUS) program (tables 1 and 2). Also presented are
   nonfarm payroll employment estimates by state and industry supersector from the Current Employment
   Statistics (CES) program (tables 3 and 4). The LAUS and CES programs are both federal-state cooperative
   endeavors.

Civilian labor force and unemployment--from the LAUS program

   Definitions. The civilian labor force and unemployment data are based on the same concepts and definitions
   as those used for the official national estimates obtained from the Current Population Survey (CPS), a
   sample survey of households that is conducted for the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) by the U.S. Census
   Bureau. The LAUS program measures employed people and unemployed people on a place of-residence basis. The
   universe for each is the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years of age and older. Employed people
   are those who did any work at all for pay or profit in the reference week (typically the week including
   the 12th of the month) or worked 15 hours or more without pay in a family business or farm, plus those not
   working who had a job from which they were temporarily absent, whether or not paid, for such reasons as
   bad weather, labor-management dispute, illness, or vacation.
   
   Unemployed people are those who were not employed during the reference week (based on the definition above),
   had actively looked for a job sometime in the 4-week period ending with the reference week, and were 
   currently available for work; people on layoff expecting recall need not be looking for work to be counted
   as unemployed. The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and unemployed people. The unemployment rate
   is the number of unemployed as a percent of the civilian labor force.

   Method of estimation. Estimates for 48 states, the District of Columbia, the Los Angeles-Long Beach-Glendale
   metropolitan division, New York City, and the balances of California and New York State are produced using
   time-series models. This method, which underwent substantial enhancement at the beginning of 2021, utilizes
   data from several sources, including the CPS, the CES, and state unemployment insurance (UI) programs. 
   Estimates for the state of California are derived by summing the estimates for the Los Angeles-Long Beach-
   Glendale metropolitan division and the balance of California. Similarly, estimates for New York State are
   derived by summing the estimates for New York City and the balance of New York State. Estimates for the 
   five additional substate areas contained in this release (the Cleveland-Elyria and Detroit-Warren-Dearborn
   metropolitan areas and the Chicago-Naperville-Arlington Heights, Miami-Miami Beach Kendall, and Seattle-
   Bellevue-Everett metropolitan divisions) and their respective balances of state are produced using a similar
   model-based approach.
   
   Each month, estimates for the nine census divisions first are modeled using inputs from the CPS only and
   controlled to the national totals. State estimates then are controlled to their respective census division
   totals. Substate and balance-of-state estimates for the five areas noted above also are controlled to their
   respective state totals. This tiered process of controlling model-based estimates to the U.S. totals is called
   real-time benchmarking. Estimates for Puerto Rico are derived from a monthly household survey similar to 
   the CPS. A more detailed description of the estimation procedures is available from BLS upon request

   Annual revisions. Civilian labor force and unemployment data for prior years reflect adjustments made after
   the end of each year. The adjusted estimates reflect updated population data from the U.S. Census Bureau,
   any revisions in the other data sources, and model re-estimation. In most years, historical data for the
   most recent five years are revised near the beginning of each calendar year, prior to the release of January
   estimates. With the introduction of a new generation of time series models in 2021, historical data were
   re-estimated back to the series beginnings in 1976, 1990, or 1994.

   Seasonal adjustment. The LAUS models decompose the estimates of employed and unemployed people into trend,
   seasonal, and irregular components. The benchmarked signals of employed and unemployed people first are
   adjusted using an X-11 type of seasonal adjustment filter. The adjusted data then are smoothed using a
   Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Space (RKHS) filter. The smoothed-seasonally adjusted estimates of employed and
   unemployed people are summed to derive the civilian labor force, and the unemployment rate then is 
   calculated as the unemployed percent of the civilian labor force. The resulting smoothed-seasonally adjusted
   unemployment rate estimates are analyzed in this news release and published on the BLS website.
   
   During estimation for the current year, the smoothed-seasonally adjusted estimates for a given month are
   created using an asymmetric filter that incorporates information from previous observations only. For
   annual revisions, historical data are smoothed using a two-sided filter.

   Area definitions. The substate area data published in this release reflect the delineations that were issued
   by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget on April 10, 2018. A detailed list of the geographic definitions
   is available online at www.bls.gov/lau/lausmsa.htm. 

Employment--from the CES program

   Definitions. Employment data refer to persons on establishment payrolls who receive pay for any part of
   the pay period that includes the 12th of the month. Persons are counted at their place of work rather than
   at their place of residence; those appearing on more than one payroll are counted on each payroll. 
   Industries are classified on the basis of their principal activity in accordance with the 2022 version of
   the North American Industry Classification System. 

   Method of estimation. CES State and Area employment data are produced using several estimation procedures.
   Where possible, these data are produced using a "weighted link relative" estimation technique in which a
   ratio of current month weighted employment to that of the previous-month weighted employment is computed
   from a sample of establishments reporting for both months. The estimates of employment for the current month
   are then obtained by multiplying these ratios by the previous month’s employment estimates. The weighted
   link relative technique is utilized for data series where the sample size meets certain statistical criteria.
   For some employment series, the estimates are produced with a model that uses direct sample estimates 
   (described above) combined with other regressors to compensate for smaller sample sizes. 

   Annual revisions. Employment estimates are adjusted annually to a complete count of jobs, called benchmarks,
   derived principally from tax reports that are submitted by employers who are covered under state unemployment
   insurance (UI) laws. The benchmark information is used to adjust the monthly estimates between the new
   benchmark and the preceding one and to establish the level of employment for the new benchmark month. Thus,
   the benchmarking process establishes the level of employment, and the sample is used to measure the month-
   to-month changes in the level for the subsequent months. Information on recent benchmark revisions is 
   available online at www.bls.gov/web/laus/bmrk_article.htm.

   Seasonal adjustment. Payroll employment data are seasonally adjusted at the statewide expanded supersector
   level. In some cases, the seasonally adjusted payroll employment total is computed by aggregating the
   independently adjusted supersector series. In other cases, the seasonally adjusted payroll employment total
   is independently adjusted. Revisions to historical data for the most recent five years are made once a 
   year, coincident with annual benchmark adjustments.
   
   Payroll employment data are seasonally adjusted concurrently, using all available estimates including those
   for the current month, to develop sample-based seasonal factors. Concurrent sample-based factors are 
   created every month for the current month’s preliminary estimate as well as the previous month’s final 
   estimate. 

   Caution on aggregating state data. State estimation procedures are designed to produce accurate data
   for each individual state. BLS independently develops a national employment series; state estimates are
   not forced to sum to national totals. Each state series is subject to larger relative sampling and 
   nonsampling errors than the national series. Summing state estimates cumulates individual state-level
   errors and can cause significant distortions at an aggregate level. Due to these statistical limitations,
   BLS does not compile a "sum-of-states" employment series and cautions users that such a series is subject
   to a relatively large and volatile error structure.

Reliability of the estimates

    The estimates presented in this release are based on sample surveys, administrative data, and modeling
    and, thus, are subject to sampling and other types of errors. Sampling error is a measure of sampling 
    variability—that is, variation that occurs by chance because a sample rather than the entire population
    is surveyed. Survey data also are subject to nonsampling errors, such as those which can be introduced
    into the data collection and processing operations. Estimates not directly derived from sample surveys
    are subject to additional errors resulting from the specific estimation processes used.

    Use of error measures. Changes in state unemployment rates and state nonfarm payroll employment are 
    cited in the analysis of this release only if they have been determined to be statistically significant
    at the 90-percent confidence level. Furthermore, state unemployment rates for the current month generally
    are cited only if they have been determined to be significantly different from the U.S. rate at the 
    90-percent confidence level. The underlying model-based standard error measures for unemployment rates
    and over-the-month and over-the-year changes in rates are available at www.bls.gov/lau/lastderr.htm.
    The underlying standard error measures for over-the-month and over-the-year changes in state payroll
    employment data at the total nonfarm and supersector levels are available at 
    www.bls.gov/web/laus/790stderr.htm. Measures of nonsampling error are not available.

Additional information

    Estimates of civilian labor force and unemployment from the LAUS program, as well as nonfarm payroll
    employment from the CES program, for metropolitan areas and metropolitan divisions are available in
    the news release Metropolitan Area Employment and Unemployment. Estimates of civilian labor force,
    employed people, unemployed people, and unemployment rates for approximately 7,600 subnational areas
    are available online at www.bls.gov/lau/. Employment data from the CES program for states and 
    metropolitan areas are available online at www.bls.gov/sae/. If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or
    have a speech disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access telecommunications relay services.

LABOR FORCE DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

Table 1. Civilian labor force and unemployment by state and selected area, seasonally adjusted

State and area	Civilian labor force				Unemployed
	Apr. 2022	Feb. 2023	Mar. 2023	Apr. 2023(p)	Number				Percent of labor force
					Apr. 2022	Feb. 2023	Mar. 2023	Apr. 2023(p)	Apr. 2022	Feb. 2023	Mar. 2023	Apr. 2023(p)
Alabama	2,289,967	2,286,491	2,289,655	2,293,022	57,712	56,166	53,017	51,462	2.5	2.5	2.3	2.2
Alaska	357,300	357,399	357,727	358,074	14,547	13,576	13,244	13,097	4.1	3.8	3.7	3.7
Arizona	3,598,901	3,653,226	3,659,108	3,662,529	129,360	134,816	129,439	125,716	3.6	3.7	3.5	3.4
Arkansas	1,369,620	1,373,598	1,375,422	1,378,367	43,104	43,670	40,868	38,982	3.1	3.2	3.0	2.8
California	19,246,821	19,338,411	19,371,587	19,404,259	791,466	841,703	860,202	867,640	4.1	4.4	4.4	4.5
Los Angeles-Long Beach-Glendale(1)	5,016,106	4,970,313	4,982,004	4,994,762	247,524	244,827	248,006	247,098	4.9	4.9	5.0	4.9
Colorado	3,207,533	3,217,067	3,227,367	3,234,855	98,579	92,704	91,077	89,306	3.1	2.9	2.8	2.8
Connecticut	1,947,722	1,910,768	1,905,641	1,901,193	81,913	75,733	75,264	72,311	4.2	4.0	3.9	3.8
Delaware	498,094	495,920	496,628	497,784	21,545	22,610	22,048	21,457	4.3	4.6	4.4	4.3
District of Columbia	389,336	389,688	390,485	390,804	18,993	18,157	18,872	19,426	4.9	4.7	4.8	5.0
Florida	10,711,678	10,879,065	10,921,678	10,959,973	316,799	284,361	283,229	280,790	3.0	2.6	2.6	2.6
Miami-Miami Beach-Kendall(1)	1,365,184	1,384,364	1,390,517	1,391,850	36,770	27,579	26,121	24,411	2.7	2.0	1.9	1.8
Georgia	5,240,391	5,248,424	5,261,339	5,275,896	154,183	162,897	164,956	165,425	2.9	3.1	3.1	3.1
Hawaii	674,343	678,351	678,403	678,901	22,337	24,176	23,539	22,519	3.3	3.6	3.5	3.3
Idaho	948,461	958,112	960,014	960,758	23,698	25,141	24,678	24,505	2.5	2.6	2.6	2.6
Illinois	6,490,960	6,474,374	6,477,081	6,482,359	289,594	289,854	283,806	274,994	4.5	4.5	4.4	4.2
Chicago-Naperville-Arlington Heights(1)	3,863,726	3,868,514	3,868,974	3,869,417	175,972	178,682	172,927	162,566	4.6	4.6	4.5	4.2
Indiana	3,404,629	3,409,697	3,416,426	3,423,506	95,274	106,121	105,572	104,245	2.8	3.1	3.1	3.0
Iowa	1,717,078	1,721,138	1,723,883	1,728,198	40,087	50,083	48,308	46,762	2.3	2.9	2.8	2.7
Kansas	1,505,453	1,510,124	1,514,156	1,517,965	36,036	44,088	43,857	44,380	2.4	2.9	2.9	2.9
Kentucky	2,055,514	2,041,678	2,042,149	2,046,426	78,568	79,762	77,108	76,299	3.8	3.9	3.8	3.7
Louisiana	2,096,684	2,097,633	2,106,514	2,112,774	76,040	75,871	75,964	75,796	3.6	3.6	3.6	3.6
Maine	677,710	673,394	673,696	675,402	18,252	18,841	17,633	16,383	2.7	2.8	2.6	2.4
Maryland	3,173,560	3,167,195	3,177,661	3,184,900	98,326	92,348	86,288	78,803	3.1	2.9	2.7	2.5
Massachusetts	3,758,814	3,741,461	3,741,218	3,739,047	139,280	137,140	132,353	121,926	3.7	3.7	3.5	3.3
Michigan	4,843,204	4,842,266	4,851,450	4,868,782	192,590	207,045	199,692	186,318	4.0	4.3	4.1	3.8
Detroit-Warren-Dearborn(2)	2,120,536	2,103,147	2,107,249	2,111,412	79,670	79,341	74,039	67,477	3.8	3.8	3.5	3.2
Minnesota	3,072,002	3,083,348	3,084,079	3,087,713	72,078	91,023	87,571	87,682	2.3	3.0	2.8	2.8
Mississippi	1,258,719	1,241,575	1,243,231	1,245,716	46,839	46,510	44,011	41,925	3.7	3.7	3.5	3.4
Missouri	3,056,746	3,075,402	3,085,519	3,100,000	69,070	79,689	77,410	77,913	2.3	2.6	2.5	2.5
Montana	567,311	571,016	572,262	573,481	14,646	13,775	13,240	13,029	2.6	2.4	2.3	2.3
Nebraska	1,058,812	1,059,665	1,060,459	1,061,392	21,343	24,704	22,562	21,163	2.0	2.3	2.1	2.0
Nevada	1,538,332	1,570,746	1,572,677	1,575,723	80,682	87,111	86,653	85,722	5.2	5.5	5.5	5.4
New Hampshire	765,496	769,924	767,950	765,802	16,406	20,623	18,784	16,237	2.1	2.7	2.4	2.1
New Jersey	4,725,353	4,796,374	4,814,879	4,832,677	183,031	168,835	170,714	170,117	3.9	3.5	3.5	3.5
New Mexico	950,651	950,806	953,656	956,123	41,148	34,444	33,800	33,536	4.3	3.6	3.5	3.5
New York	9,625,656	9,646,609	9,659,921	9,676,648	409,389	401,288	391,595	385,005	4.3	4.2	4.1	4.0
New York City	4,099,568	4,138,484	4,148,381	4,156,692	240,738	222,492	221,904	222,899	5.9	5.4	5.3	5.4
North Carolina	5,160,841	5,168,863	5,179,562	5,191,541	172,336	188,101	183,074	178,853	3.3	3.6	3.5	3.4
North Dakota	415,075	415,423	416,561	418,061	8,486	8,856	8,704	8,712	2.0	2.1	2.1	2.1
Ohio	5,765,906	5,738,825	5,755,460	5,778,146	223,294	223,524	218,347	211,200	3.9	3.9	3.8	3.7
Cleveland-Elyria(2)	1,025,951	1,025,615	1,028,505	1,030,947	50,161	42,937	41,284	39,722	4.9	4.2	4.0	3.9
Oklahoma	1,887,601	1,895,814	1,902,396	1,909,615	53,555	57,608	56,853	54,431	2.8	3.0	3.0	2.9
Oregon	2,171,623	2,182,992	2,175,890	2,165,884	77,253	103,216	95,582	86,919	3.6	4.7	4.4	4.0
Pennsylvania	6,489,022	6,500,166	6,505,031	6,509,436	280,518	283,410	276,017	267,735	4.3	4.4	4.2	4.1
Rhode Island	571,812	566,150	566,181	566,611	16,828	17,357	17,356	16,859	2.9	3.1	3.1	3.0
South Carolina	2,380,759	2,382,107	2,393,148	2,406,354	75,296	76,043	76,414	75,653	3.2	3.2	3.2	3.1
South Dakota	475,518	475,998	477,191	478,832	9,100	9,842	9,186	8,980	1.9	2.1	1.9	1.9
Tennessee	3,384,499	3,328,111	3,338,255	3,347,566	111,079	116,474	113,866	110,187	3.3	3.5	3.4	3.3
Texas	14,642,266	14,819,290	14,898,124	14,960,308	559,081	587,211	599,832	605,663	3.8	4.0	4.0	4.0
Utah	1,737,348	1,765,268	1,773,428	1,781,543	38,322	42,302	41,696	41,317	2.2	2.4	2.4	2.3
Vermont	341,723	345,416	346,213	346,407	7,557	9,831	9,217	8,311	2.2	2.8	2.7	2.4
Virginia	4,427,764	4,505,399	4,529,061	4,550,748	116,879	145,877	143,569	140,129	2.6	3.2	3.2	3.1
Washington	3,976,161	4,035,637	4,047,314	4,057,254	154,558	185,457	180,382	174,661	3.9	4.6	4.5	4.3
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett(1)	1,764,307	1,783,642	1,787,758	1,792,692	48,480	54,874	53,162	53,051	2.7	3.1	3.0	3.0
West Virginia	786,667	782,723	782,365	782,228	28,821	28,813	26,866	25,966	3.7	3.7	3.4	3.3
Wisconsin	3,094,462	3,069,845	3,074,553	3,085,111	86,160	82,956	76,581	72,910	2.8	2.7	2.5	2.4
Wyoming	290,533	295,522	296,759	297,800	9,337	11,117	10,890	10,555	3.2	3.8	3.7	3.5
Puerto Rico	1,192,909	1,202,653	1,202,190	1,197,613	71,776	72,558	72,513	72,040	6.0	6.0	6.0	6.0
Footnotes (1) Metropolitan division. (2) Metropolitan statistical area. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data refer to place of residence. Data for Puerto Rico are derived from a monthly household survey similar to the Current Population Survey. Area definitions are based on Office of Management and Budget Bulletin No. 18-03, dated April 10, 2018, and are available on the BLS website at https://www.bls.gov/lau/lausmsa.htm. Estimates for the latest month are subject to revision the following month.

LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

Table 2. Civilian labor force and unemployment by state and selected area, not seasonally adjusted

State and area	Civilian labor force				Unemployed
	March		April		Number				Percent of labor force
	2022	2023	2022	2023(p)	March		April		March		April
					2022	2023	2022	2023(p)	2022	2023	2022	2023(p)
Alabama	2,283,963	2,291,233	2,279,731	2,295,888	56,151	44,380	46,317	40,057	2.5	1.9	2.0	1.7
Alaska	354,162	354,808	351,540	354,261	17,074	14,125	15,026	13,653	4.8	4.0	4.3	3.9
Arizona	3,595,573	3,677,114	3,585,396	3,650,748	120,298	119,013	126,676	117,408	3.3	3.2	3.5	3.2
Arkansas	1,370,298	1,381,424	1,367,518	1,387,728	43,443	36,392	40,040	33,969	3.2	2.6	2.9	2.4
California	19,307,448	19,501,286	19,119,845	19,307,940	867,452	940,871	763,554	826,093	4.5	4.8	4.0	4.3
Los Angeles-Long Beach-Glendale(1)	5,051,030	5,032,959	5,000,847	4,990,776	260,565	250,310	239,152	225,457	5.2	5.0	4.8	4.5
Colorado	3,195,552	3,232,622	3,179,354	3,216,307	108,143	86,523	94,032	78,224	3.4	2.7	3.0	2.4
Connecticut	1,949,097	1,882,084	1,922,393	1,867,732	88,683	81,051	77,704	55,188	4.5	4.3	4.0	3.0
Delaware	499,906	500,616	497,424	501,645	22,665	21,759	20,712	19,595	4.5	4.3	4.2	3.9
District of Columbia	388,830	391,796	386,488	386,474	19,865	19,854	16,139	17,245	5.1	5.1	4.2	4.5
Florida	10,655,670	11,026,531	10,669,485	11,010,358	316,855	281,263	287,056	253,178	3.0	2.6	2.7	2.3
Miami-Miami Beach-Kendall(1)	1,353,913	1,398,332	1,361,251	1,387,373	40,617	24,993	35,277	25,151	3.0	1.8	2.6	1.8
Georgia	5,259,516	5,323,573	5,212,849	5,284,769	157,188	177,687	133,075	144,819	3.0	3.3	2.6	2.7
Hawaii	673,200	680,380	673,544	679,713	20,491	20,749	21,176	18,441	3.0	3.0	3.1	2.7
Idaho	945,910	962,433	941,485	953,524	28,769	30,056	23,662	24,573	3.0	3.1	2.5	2.6
Illinois	6,484,826	6,446,674	6,435,143	6,444,345	301,708	278,806	278,159	237,431	4.7	4.3	4.3	3.7
Chicago-Naperville-Arlington Heights(1)	3,856,844	3,845,479	3,834,246	3,836,966	171,182	156,269	166,784	124,239	4.4	4.1	4.3	3.2
Indiana	3,392,845	3,430,163	3,384,029	3,424,176	106,975	120,562	84,509	89,281	3.2	3.5	2.5	2.6
Iowa	1,719,182	1,732,361	1,706,104	1,733,469	48,595	51,942	35,583	40,395	2.8	3.0	2.1	2.3
Kansas	1,503,134	1,522,292	1,495,524	1,517,433	39,466	45,875	31,300	42,295	2.6	3.0	2.1	2.8
Kentucky	2,064,977	2,045,271	2,046,354	2,055,195	90,204	78,219	69,639	66,784	4.4	3.8	3.4	3.2
Louisiana	2,092,517	2,115,620	2,086,075	2,111,483	72,837	69,496	67,134	67,677	3.5	3.3	3.2	3.2
Maine	673,881	667,907	670,779	674,663	23,868	19,944	20,062	15,457	3.5	3.0	3.0	2.3
Maryland	3,177,080	3,214,448	3,150,518	3,182,865	106,394	74,256	91,435	58,872	3.3	2.3	2.9	1.8
Massachusetts	3,761,694	3,738,390	3,721,504	3,715,839	147,168	144,194	128,630	96,955	3.9	3.9	3.5	2.6
Michigan	4,833,263	4,869,442	4,801,789	4,882,825	216,189	198,577	191,439	140,048	4.5	4.1	4.0	2.9
Detroit-Warren-Dearborn(2)	2,120,992	2,117,725	2,088,663	2,092,729	90,431	60,008	73,912	41,855	4.3	2.8	3.5	2.0
Minnesota	3,061,581	3,082,754	3,054,785	3,089,901	95,370	96,634	66,642	89,648	3.1	3.1	2.2	2.9
Mississippi	1,255,151	1,246,088	1,254,814	1,250,595	43,439	38,260	43,420	34,032	3.5	3.1	3.5	2.7
Missouri	3,052,072	3,105,763	3,051,721	3,132,334	86,857	83,981	62,551	75,822	2.8	2.7	2.0	2.4
Montana	566,081	575,301	565,384	574,145	17,319	16,267	15,122	13,536	3.1	2.8	2.7	2.4
Nebraska	1,058,871	1,063,154	1,057,257	1,062,790	24,395	21,556	20,693	19,213	2.3	2.0	2.0	1.8
Nevada	1,530,468	1,578,300	1,531,783	1,579,192	79,514	85,395	80,002	81,322	5.2	5.4	5.2	5.1
New Hampshire	764,817	758,881	758,136	752,680	19,042	16,655	16,716	8,864	2.5	2.2	2.2	1.2
New Jersey	4,717,858	4,864,957	4,699,368	4,838,469	207,848	186,678	173,783	147,549	4.4	3.8	3.7	3.0
New Mexico	948,577	953,731	944,896	951,071	42,827	29,683	38,773	29,353	4.5	3.1	4.1	3.1
New York	9,626,570	9,687,422	9,561,873	9,653,755	453,168	391,869	394,699	356,511	4.7	4.0	4.1	3.7
New York City	4,119,649	4,165,718	4,072,173	4,133,762	259,152	215,824	231,660	218,582	6.3	5.2	5.7	5.3
North Carolina	5,174,042	5,228,202	5,153,229	5,214,540	178,514	185,342	166,051	163,394	3.5	3.5	3.2	3.1
North Dakota	412,560	416,195	412,090	418,863	11,317	10,497	8,712	8,957	2.7	2.5	2.1	2.1
Ohio	5,741,491	5,778,844	5,730,783	5,805,755	244,329	230,939	214,429	183,399	4.3	4.0	3.7	3.2
Cleveland-Elyria(2)	1,016,776	1,027,543	1,020,623	1,029,860	56,767	43,228	48,760	34,789	5.6	4.2	4.8	3.4
Oklahoma	1,890,267	1,921,566	1,871,136	1,915,482	53,853	56,237	47,928	42,237	2.8	2.9	2.6	2.2
Oregon	2,175,702	2,149,952	2,162,222	2,126,879	86,328	78,249	77,169	60,760	4.0	3.6	3.6	2.9
Pennsylvania	6,455,943	6,468,895	6,433,960	6,446,664	279,813	242,598	254,172	204,250	4.3	3.8	4.0	3.2
Rhode Island	569,429	564,379	565,944	562,215	18,401	20,359	15,825	13,364	3.2	3.6	2.8	2.4
South Carolina	2,381,230	2,428,556	2,372,817	2,433,852	75,952	81,830	62,445	59,426	3.2	3.4	2.6	2.4
South Dakota	472,634	478,240	473,235	481,539	10,266	8,469	9,547	9,741	2.2	1.8	2.0	2.0
Tennessee	3,375,604	3,364,796	3,379,677	3,355,769	109,010	105,235	103,843	87,147	3.2	3.1	3.1	2.6
Texas	14,633,464	15,118,242	14,592,934	15,019,711	552,714	632,197	516,170	551,199	3.8	4.2	3.5	3.7
Utah	1,733,281	1,794,142	1,725,736	1,789,244	40,520	43,568	38,004	40,106	2.3	2.4	2.2	2.2
Vermont	341,322	346,189	338,411	341,526	8,496	8,176	8,429	6,423	2.5	2.4	2.5	1.9
Virginia	4,425,797	4,581,599	4,415,574	4,569,561	118,305	130,475	105,061	112,319	2.7	2.8	2.4	2.5
Washington	3,978,514	4,087,598	3,951,368	4,040,199	165,858	169,925	146,250	143,008	4.2	4.2	3.7	3.5
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett(1)	1,761,857	1,816,551	1,761,490	1,802,823	46,500	48,800	40,173	47,499	2.6	2.7	2.3	2.6
West Virginia	779,081	775,664	783,246	781,040	32,730	27,721	28,683	26,767	4.2	3.6	3.7	3.4
Wisconsin	3,087,081	3,076,184	3,065,443	3,097,213	96,738	75,951	85,327	70,166	3.1	2.5	2.8	2.3
Wyoming	289,284	299,146	287,297	296,460	10,803	12,237	9,770	9,930	3.7	4.1	3.4	3.3
Puerto Rico	1,209,927	1,192,916	1,199,229	1,177,329	70,142	69,481	69,850	66,459	5.8	5.8	5.8	5.6
Footnotes (1) Metropolitan division. (2) Metropolitan statistical area. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data refer to place of residence. Data for Puerto Rico are derived from a monthly household survey similar to the Current Population Survey. Area definitions are based on Office of Management and Budget Bulletin No. 18-03, dated April 10, 2018, and are available on the BLS website at https://www.bls.gov/lau/lausmsa.htm. Estimates for the latest month are subject to revision the following month.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
Table 3. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by state and selected industry sector, seasonally adjusted [In thousands]

State	Total(1)				Construction				Manufacturing
	Apr. 2022	Feb. 2023	Mar. 2023	Apr. 2023(p)	Apr. 2022	Feb. 2023	Mar. 2023	Apr. 2023(p)	Apr. 2022	Feb. 2023	Mar. 2023	Apr. 2023(p)
Alabama	2,103.2	2,138.9	2,141.3	2,145.7	98.8	101.1	100.8	100.6	272.3	278.5	277.2	276.9
Alaska	317.8	325.8	324.6	324.7	16.2	16.5	16.5	15.8	12.1	12.1	12.1	12.0
Arizona	3,088.9	3,145.6	3,146.2	3,158.7	191.9	195.8	196.6	198.3	191.7	195.5	196.7	196.5
Arkansas	1,322.4	1,352.8	1,352.3	1,356.0	56.4	60.1	60.8	61.9	161.7	164.2	163.9	163.3
California	17,612.0	17,959.1	17,971.0	18,038.0	912.5	912.8	905.3	907.4	1,332.4	1,345.5	1,344.4	1,344.6
Colorado	2,867.7	2,884.5	2,882.8	2,890.0	183.4	179.7	180.9	182.7	153.2	154.8	154.3	154.0
Connecticut	1,667.6	1,687.0	1,685.3	1,684.4	61.6	61.7	59.9	59.7	156.9	158.7	158.3	157.7
Delaware(2)	471.4	480.8	482.8	482.4	23.7	24.3	24.8	24.3	26.1	27.1	27.1	26.9
District of Columbia(2)	762.2	771.5	773.1	771.9	15.4	15.1	15.5	15.7	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0
Florida	9,341.3	9,678.0	9,683.5	9,704.7	595.6	609.4	605.5	604.2	406.5	418.0	417.6	419.8
Georgia	4,782.5	4,877.8	4,883.9	4,894.3	212.6	221.7	219.5	218.7	414.6	417.6	418.3	417.8
Hawaii(2)	612.5	632.6	632.1	631.1	37.1	38.5	38.1	37.1	12.6	12.8	12.8	12.8
Idaho	821.6	845.2	846.8	847.3	64.8	68.8	68.4	68.9	73.1	72.2	72.5	72.5
Illinois	5,995.1	6,112.0	6,118.4	6,126.9	228.5	232.1	233.2	235.9	568.8	570.0	568.2	571.2
Indiana	3,179.5	3,240.7	3,245.7	3,260.4	153.4	166.3	165.2	164.6	541.5	540.6	541.7	542.0
Iowa	1,566.5	1,590.0	1,593.1	1,592.8	81.0	84.8	84.1	83.7	223.0	225.4	226.8	228.2
Kansas	1,409.5	1,444.8	1,441.8	1,441.6	64.6	68.1	67.5	66.0	167.7	172.2	171.7	172.3
Kentucky	1,953.5	1,992.2	2,002.4	2,009.5	81.8	84.0	86.6	85.0	251.7	255.9	258.6	260.0
Louisiana	1,910.5	1,945.5	1,950.7	1,958.9	129.0	131.8	132.9	134.7	132.4	136.5	137.0	137.6
Maine	638.4	646.3	645.2	646.0	32.6	33.0	33.2	33.5	54.4	54.5	54.3	54.7
Maryland	2,699.7	2,728.5	2,731.2	2,739.2	160.5	161.5	161.6	161.0	108.9	110.8	110.1	109.7
Massachusetts	3,660.1	3,742.0	3,754.1	3,759.2	169.8	172.9	174.8	175.6	238.7	238.2	238.8	238.3
Michigan	4,359.3	4,414.4	4,414.8	4,420.0	183.5	189.5	190.2	191.3	601.7	609.0	606.9	607.5
Minnesota	2,921.0	2,981.6	2,974.7	2,979.2	130.7	134.9	133.6	134.3	323.4	328.3	326.5	325.8
Mississippi	1,161.6	1,177.8	1,176.9	1,178.3	45.4	47.7	48.1	48.2	148.9	147.7	147.3	147.2
Missouri	2,914.7	2,967.0	2,969.9	2,974.6	138.1	138.8	138.3	137.5	280.2	291.1	291.1	291.7
Montana	507.7	517.5	516.7	517.8	36.0	38.8	38.4	38.2	22.0	23.0	22.8	23.1
Nebraska	1,021.5	1,043.2	1,044.4	1,042.9	57.1	62.1	61.6	61.0	103.1	105.5	105.8	105.9
Nevada	1,478.7	1,538.6	1,543.2	1,540.3	104.3	114.1	111.9	110.7	65.9	67.5	67.7	67.8
New Hampshire	685.3	699.2	700.7	699.9	30.0	30.2	30.9	30.7	70.4	71.7	71.6	71.5
New Jersey	4,233.2	4,313.7	4,316.5	4,332.3	163.1	166.1	166.6	166.9	249.6	253.7	253.4	253.3
New Mexico	844.7	862.8	865.9	865.8	49.3	50.6	50.5	50.7	28.9	29.5	29.4	29.7
New York	9,439.2	9,689.0	9,698.0	9,673.0	385.5	404.5	402.9	398.9	423.3	425.5	424.8	425.3
North Carolina	4,774.2	4,884.6	4,887.7	4,891.3	245.5	253.7	253.2	253.5	473.2	478.2	477.7	476.6
North Dakota	424.7	433.7	433.9	433.7	26.1	26.5	26.1	25.6	27.1	27.6	27.4	27.4
Ohio	5,524.6	5,579.1	5,590.5	5,608.6	233.4	240.4	239.7	241.3	682.8	686.1	691.5	692.2
Oklahoma	1,689.4	1,727.7	1,725.2	1,725.8	78.9	82.8	83.3	83.6	131.5	135.3	135.4	136.2
Oregon	1,938.4	1,987.0	1,988.3	1,989.9	114.7	122.4	122.7	121.7	192.9	195.4	195.8	195.2
Pennsylvania	5,960.8	6,096.4	6,106.1	6,117.1	259.5	264.9	264.8	265.7	562.4	565.6	567.9	569.4
Rhode Island	496.4	501.3	499.4	495.6	21.0	23.5	23.4	22.6	40.3	40.1	39.9	39.5
South Carolina	2,233.1	2,279.3	2,284.5	2,291.6	108.2	109.2	109.7	110.2	260.9	262.0	262.1	262.0
South Dakota	450.6	460.3	459.8	461.7	26.1	25.2	25.6	26.3	45.2	45.9	46.1	46.1
Tennessee	3,222.8	3,309.2	3,310.8	3,312.8	144.2	152.5	151.3	151.5	362.2	367.4	368.6	369.6
Texas	13,336.5	13,810.6	13,837.8	13,871.1	769.8	802.9	806.3	797.8	919.1	947.0	948.9	950.6
Utah	1,672.8	1,711.2	1,714.1	1,720.4	129.3	137.5	137.0	136.5	151.4	152.8	153.4	153.7
Vermont	304.1	307.7	308.6	309.8	15.6	15.9	15.9	15.8	29.1	29.1	28.8	28.5
Virginia	4,051.1	4,133.1	4,136.7	4,138.1	208.1	214.5	213.4	212.1	244.6	245.1	245.6	246.7
Washington	3,507.5	3,613.6	3,618.0	3,624.3	229.6	236.5	233.2	237.5	267.1	275.1	275.2	275.3
West Virginia	697.3	699.1	699.6	699.1	32.4	31.0	30.9	31.2	47.0	45.7	45.7	45.4
Wisconsin	2,952.1	2,997.0	2,999.8	3,003.6	130.2	133.8	131.9	134.5	480.1	485.6	485.3	485.8
Wyoming	283.5	288.7	289.5	289.3	21.2	21.7	21.7	21.6	10.0	10.8	10.7	10.6
Puerto Rico	914.7	942.6	945.6	950.4	32.0	34.3	35.3	36.1	81.8	83.5	83.4	83.1
Virgin Islands(3)	34.3	35.1	35.3	35.0	2.0	2.1	2.1	2.1	-	-	-	-
Footnotes (1) Includes mining and logging, information, and other services (except public administration), not shown separately. (2) Mining and logging is combined with construction. (3) Missing series (denoted by '-') are not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are counts of jobs by place of work. Estimates are currently estimated from 2022 benchmark levels. Estimates subsequent to the current benchmarks are preliminary and will be revised when new information becomes available.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
Table 3. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by state and selected industry sector, seasonally adjusted-Continued [In thousands]

State	Trade, transportation, and utilities				Financial activities				Professional and business services
	Apr. 2022	Feb. 2023	Mar. 2023	Apr. 2023(p)	Apr. 2022	Feb. 2023	Mar. 2023	Apr. 2023(p)	Apr. 2022	Feb. 2023	Mar. 2023	Apr. 2023(p)
Alabama	406.0	406.3	407.8	409.2	101.2	102.2	102.9	103.7	261.1	266.8	267.3	268.0
Alaska	63.7	65.7	65.4	65.2	11.0	11.3	11.2	11.3	27.0	28.6	28.3	28.3
Arizona	606.8	602.5	603.4	606.2	249.7	253.0	251.5	250.9	467.1	476.4	476.7	479.5
Arkansas	269.0	276.5	275.8	275.2	70.2	70.1	70.0	70.6	150.2	152.7	151.9	151.7
California	3,145.2	3,138.5	3,143.5	3,153.8	845.7	849.3	845.5	848.6	2,864.6	2,909.1	2,899.2	2,906.8
Colorado	505.0	498.3	496.6	495.2	182.6	177.1	174.7	173.3	483.8	492.6	492.2	496.1
Connecticut	300.4	296.9	297.1	297.5	118.8	115.2	115.0	114.7	222.8	225.1	226.0	224.5
Delaware	89.0	90.5	91.1	90.9	48.2	50.1	50.2	50.2	65.7	67.3	67.4	67.3
District of Columbia	30.4	30.6	30.3	30.1	27.4	27.8	28.3	28.2	173.2	174.0	174.7	174.5
Florida	1,921.3	1,972.0	1,977.4	1,975.6	660.3	677.2	677.3	680.0	1,569.4	1,609.4	1,608.7	1,619.6
Georgia	1,029.9	1,024.5	1,025.4	1,029.8	271.3	279.4	278.3	279.4	781.6	775.4	773.4	775.3
Hawaii	114.6	116.2	116.3	116.4	27.7	27.6	27.6	27.4	71.2	71.9	72.2	72.7
Idaho	161.4	162.3	161.9	162.4	41.0	41.6	41.4	41.4	107.0	110.5	111.1	111.0
Illinois	1,216.9	1,224.4	1,222.3	1,222.2	401.6	402.7	404.5	407.2	973.7	969.5	974.8	975.5
Indiana	632.1	637.4	638.5	639.8	146.9	150.6	149.5	151.0	367.3	371.8	376.6	380.1
Iowa	314.1	312.5	312.3	313.5	108.7	108.4	109.0	108.9	145.8	145.6	145.6	144.0
Kansas	273.0	274.2	274.4	275.5	75.9	76.4	76.0	76.6	179.9	186.7	185.4	183.9
Kentucky	424.0	431.7	433.5	434.2	97.1	95.4	94.9	95.2	228.7	230.2	229.4	230.6
Louisiana	373.8	371.0	370.1	370.3	88.9	92.2	92.7	93.1	220.9	219.8	220.8	222.7
Maine	119.3	121.0	120.5	120.2	33.8	34.4	34.4	34.2	76.2	76.8	76.9	76.7
Maryland	477.8	475.6	475.5	476.8	135.1	135.7	135.8	135.1	474.0	468.5	469.5	472.4
Massachusetts	567.0	572.1	571.5	571.2	225.3	232.0	232.1	232.2	630.6	652.3	652.9	653.7
Michigan	808.2	810.4	810.3	810.2	234.3	228.8	228.2	228.4	660.6	659.4	660.2	662.8
Minnesota	527.5	532.5	529.5	532.3	191.2	191.3	191.1	190.4	385.4	391.2	389.6	388.5
Mississippi	242.8	246.7	245.6	246.3	44.0	44.4	44.6	44.5	118.5	117.0	116.8	116.8
Missouri	558.6	558.9	558.8	561.6	184.6	188.8	188.0	186.7	382.4	387.1	389.3	390.1
Montana	99.4	100.2	100.5	100.8	28.3	29.1	28.9	28.9	49.4	50.9	51.0	50.3
Nebraska	196.7	197.9	197.3	198.3	71.5	70.2	70.1	70.1	121.5	122.1	121.7	119.9
Nevada	293.0	294.6	295.1	295.2	76.1	75.4	75.4	75.9	210.5	218.6	220.6	221.0
New Hampshire	139.1	140.1	139.9	139.1	34.5	34.1	34.2	34.5	95.3	100.5	102.0	103.3
New Jersey	915.2	919.8	919.7	923.3	258.8	259.4	258.0	258.6	723.6	722.6	721.5	729.1
New Mexico	143.7	141.9	142.2	140.9	35.0	34.1	34.6	34.8	114.6	119.5	120.1	120.4
New York	1,478.4	1,474.6	1,474.7	1,465.0	723.0	737.7	735.5	733.4	1,352.1	1,388.2	1,389.3	1,391.4
North Carolina	920.4	923.2	924.1	927.1	290.6	296.7	295.5	296.7	730.8	748.6	749.7	747.9
North Dakota	90.3	91.9	91.9	91.1	24.5	24.2	24.4	24.4	34.5	35.4	35.1	35.7
Ohio	1,062.0	1,053.6	1,051.2	1,052.8	317.7	321.6	321.8	321.9	743.9	738.2	741.3	744.7
Oklahoma	322.5	325.8	323.3	321.9	80.7	81.1	81.4	81.4	201.7	205.9	204.5	203.8
Oregon	368.2	368.6	367.0	366.7	105.4	106.3	106.2	106.3	262.5	270.6	270.8	270.9
Pennsylvania	1,143.8	1,159.0	1,158.0	1,155.5	333.2	339.7	340.5	339.9	839.4	858.1	859.0	861.6
Rhode Island	77.2	78.3	76.7	76.2	35.2	35.4	35.3	35.1	70.5	69.2	69.6	68.7
South Carolina	433.7	438.7	439.2	439.2	116.7	118.3	119.4	120.4	307.1	310.7	309.7	312.6
South Dakota	88.5	92.2	92.0	92.6	28.1	27.8	27.8	27.8	36.5	37.0	36.6	37.5
Tennessee	675.9	686.5	684.7	683.0	174.6	174.2	173.7	174.3	463.5	473.3	472.4	472.5
Texas	2,698.0	2,758.1	2,763.3	2,769.7	871.9	904.4	902.9	904.5	2,051.4	2,121.3	2,119.4	2,128.1
Utah	313.7	316.6	317.0	316.2	98.4	96.4	96.2	96.5	245.7	251.4	250.8	252.7
Vermont	52.0	52.8	52.8	53.0	12.2	12.2	12.2	12.3	31.9	33.4	33.3	33.1
Virginia	665.1	667.9	665.5	665.0	215.6	214.2	213.9	216.2	801.3	812.4	814.8	810.2
Washington	612.6	618.5	621.1	621.1	165.3	166.2	167.9	168.5	542.5	562.2	559.2	558.4
West Virginia	123.7	122.9	123.3	123.2	25.5	25.1	25.4	25.4	72.1	71.1	71.3	71.5
Wisconsin	549.6	554.5	555.6	555.2	158.6	160.4	160.6	161.3	326.6	324.7	324.7	327.1
Wyoming	52.1	52.3	52.5	52.3	11.5	11.8	11.6	11.9	20.4	20.8	20.9	20.4
Puerto Rico	182.9	185.4	185.7	185.9	46.5	46.7	46.9	46.9	136.8	142.1	142.7	145.4
Virgin Islands(1)	6.4	6.9	6.9	6.8	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Footnotes (1) Missing series (denoted by '-') are not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are counts of jobs by place of work. Estimates are currently estimated from 2022 benchmark levels. Estimates subsequent to the current benchmarks are preliminary and will be revised when new information becomes available.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
Table 3. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by state and selected industry sector, seasonally adjusted-Continued [In thousands]

State	Education and health services				Leisure and hospitality				Government
	Apr. 2022	Feb. 2023	Mar. 2023	Apr. 2023(p)	Apr. 2022	Feb. 2023	Mar. 2023	Apr. 2023(p)	Apr. 2022	Feb. 2023	Mar. 2023	Apr. 2023(p)
Alabama	246.0	253.1	253.4	254.4	196.6	201.8	201.5	202.3	391.2	396.0	397.6	397.6
Alaska	50.2	50.8	50.3	50.6	34.1	35.7	35.7	36.1	76.9	78.3	78.4	78.4
Arizona	476.6	500.1	498.2	501.8	333.5	344.3	344.2	345.8	409.4	417.5	418.9	420.1
Arkansas	197.4	203.1	203.0	203.2	120.6	126.5	126.7	129.6	207.8	208.7	208.9	209.2
California	2,903.9	3,029.1	3,041.5	3,063.2	1,902.2	2,015.3	2,021.5	2,034.6	2,521.0	2,565.4	2,571.2	2,575.7
Colorado	352.5	355.2	354.6	355.5	337.4	350.3	350.3	354.7	446.6	453.5	455.1	455.8
Connecticut	340.2	351.9	352.0	352.7	148.2	154.2	153.8	153.5	226.2	229.4	229.7	230.2
Delaware	79.5	79.3	79.7	79.8	49.8	51.6	51.9	51.9	66.9	68.5	68.3	68.8
District of Columbia	121.6	123.7	123.5	122.3	65.8	75.5	75.9	75.3	239.6	234.6	234.3	234.5
Florida	1,376.7	1,455.6	1,460.2	1,467.3	1,224.3	1,313.1	1,312.7	1,313.5	1,086.4	1,108.7	1,110.6	1,113.6
Georgia	621.9	650.3	653.6	655.9	478.4	511.9	516.5	518.4	673.6	686.3	688.4	689.4
Hawaii	86.2	87.7	86.3	86.4	109.9	120.0	120.1	119.5	119.1	122.0	122.6	122.7
Idaho	119.9	124.9	125.7	125.2	88.6	92.1	92.4	92.2	125.6	131.1	131.7	131.7
Illinois	922.8	957.2	958.2	960.9	556.2	594.7	594.1	593.4	780.3	809.2	810.9	810.0
Indiana	470.1	483.4	481.7	485.8	299.9	315.6	316.8	320.6	410.9	413.5	414.8	415.3
Iowa	225.2	234.2	235.5	236.3	135.7	141.2	141.0	140.1	256.1	260.3	260.6	261.2
Kansas	197.3	204.9	204.8	205.3	126.7	133.8	133.7	133.7	250.2	253.5	254.2	254.5
Kentucky	285.6	294.4	296.2	297.6	191.7	198.4	201.5	203.7	298.0	304.0	303.2	304.2
Louisiana	320.9	334.5	335.6	337.0	209.8	220.2	221.6	220.5	309.6	314.4	314.3	316.6
Maine	125.2	127.7	127.8	127.6	65.8	66.7	66.5	67.1	99.1	100.2	99.7	99.7
Maryland	441.7	455.7	457.0	457.6	248.6	256.1	256.6	256.0	510.5	519.7	520.3	525.8
Massachusetts	804.2	825.6	829.7	831.6	346.5	356.0	360.5	360.2	447.7	457.2	458.2	459.7
Michigan	658.0	673.5	675.5	677.4	401.2	414.9	414.9	413.2	585.4	602.6	603.3	604.7
Minnesota	545.6	558.6	559.5	560.8	252.0	269.9	270.0	271.9	407.0	414.5	415.0	415.1
Mississippi	142.4	149.0	149.0	149.7	131.9	135.9	136.4	136.3	232.1	233.6	233.5	233.6
Missouri	486.5	495.4	493.8	497.2	294.4	308.3	310.7	308.1	424.9	428.2	429.7	430.7
Montana	80.4	82.4	82.7	83.3	70.1	71.8	71.3	71.5	90.3	89.6	89.4	89.6
Nebraska	155.5	158.9	160.2	160.7	90.8	96.5	97.4	96.8	169.7	171.8	172.3	172.2
Nevada	155.8	165.2	168.0	168.4	332.8	355.2	356.1	353.7	165.2	171.1	171.7	173.1
New Hampshire	122.1	125.0	124.7	124.4	70.8	73.3	73.7	72.6	86.2	86.5	86.3	86.7
New Jersey	724.8	766.5	767.5	770.2	373.6	393.2	398.0	399.2	583.7	586.3	585.5	585.4
New Mexico	140.6	144.7	145.6	145.9	93.7	97.0	97.3	97.5	179.1	183.1	183.9	182.8
New York	2,125.4	2,202.1	2,213.5	2,203.8	848.0	915.1	920.2	919.8	1,427.6	1,448.4	1,446.6	1,447.3
North Carolina	647.7	669.6	672.4	675.4	497.0	527.2	527.6	526.2	716.5	723.2	723.1	723.0
North Dakota	66.4	67.7	68.0	67.8	38.4	40.2	40.1	40.2	81.4	81.9	81.9	81.9
Ohio	898.7	920.0	923.6	926.4	536.8	557.0	557.9	564.1	764.9	768.9	769.9	769.6
Oklahoma	239.9	247.1	247.0	247.3	171.7	182.7	182.1	182.7	348.8	351.6	352.4	352.7
Oregon	301.5	310.0	311.7	312.7	196.7	204.9	204.7	205.0	291.9	302.1	302.5	302.3
Pennsylvania	1,250.6	1,295.4	1,297.4	1,305.8	531.8	556.5	559.5	561.3	677.2	683.3	684.6	684.9
Rhode Island	104.5	104.8	104.1	104.0	57.4	57.8	57.7	57.1	63.0	64.0	65.0	64.6
South Carolina	262.6	275.0	275.7	277.0	262.8	273.3	275.6	277.2	365.9	373.7	374.2	373.8
South Dakota	74.8	76.7	76.4	76.4	48.0	50.4	50.1	49.7	79.7	81.0	80.9	81.1
Tennessee	447.1	461.3	463.0	465.7	339.3	360.2	362.2	360.7	433.0	444.2	445.4	446.8
Texas	1,784.3	1,864.1	1,869.6	1,873.6	1,393.6	1,464.7	1,468.8	1,475.0	1,983.5	2,030.3	2,035.9	2,041.3
Utah	223.8	230.2	231.0	230.7	160.5	166.3	167.7	171.4	251.7	257.9	258.4	258.7
Vermont	61.8	62.2	62.4	62.6	33.5	32.5	33.2	34.3	53.0	54.4	54.7	55.0
Virginia	550.9	572.3	573.8	574.4	386.7	407.9	408.4	411.1	712.4	726.3	727.8	728.2
Washington	511.9	532.7	534.2	536.7	322.7	341.9	343.7	345.0	562.7	578.6	580.0	579.1
West Virginia	127.7	130.5	130.0	129.5	70.1	70.1	70.2	69.7	147.6	149.2	149.1	149.0
Wisconsin	455.0	466.1	467.2	465.2	264.1	272.2	272.7	272.3	393.3	402.0	402.8	402.9
Wyoming	28.7	29.7	29.9	29.6	37.5	37.9	38.1	38.3	67.0	67.8	68.2	68.1
Puerto Rico	119.8	124.2	124.4	124.8	84.9	91.4	92.2	92.9	193.5	198.8	198.9	199.0
Virgin Islands	2.3	2.5	2.5	2.5	6.2	6.1	6.1	6.1	10.8	10.8	10.9	10.8
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are counts of jobs by place of work. Estimates are currently estimated from 2022 benchmark levels. Estimates subsequent to the current benchmarks are preliminary and will be revised when new information becomes available.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
Table 4. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by state and selected industry sector, not seasonally adjusted [In thousands]

State	Total				Mining and logging				Construction
	March		April		March		April		March		April
	2022	2023	2022	2023(p)	2022	2023	2022	2023(p)	2022	2023	2022	2023(p)
Alabama	2,090.1	2,135.8	2,102.9	2,143.7	9.0	8.4	9.1	8.3	99.0	100.6	99.4	100.5
Alaska	308.1	316.8	312.5	319.7	10.6	10.2	10.8	10.7	13.9	14.5	14.9	14.7
Arizona	3,082.8	3,145.4	3,098.5	3,159.2	12.5	13.8	12.7	13.9	190.2	196.0	191.8	197.9
Arkansas	1,319.6	1,349.8	1,326.9	1,360.7	5.2	4.9	5.1	4.9	55.8	59.6	56.2	61.5
California	17,495.0	17,900.9	17,627.2	18,018.9	19.0	19.7	19.5	19.9	903.6	889.4	911.2	905.3
Colorado	2,827.7	2,868.1	2,865.4	2,880.6	20.2	21.4	20.6	22.3	176.3	175.4	182.2	180.9
Connecticut	1,646.4	1,668.1	1,662.3	1,676.6	0.4	0.5	0.5	0.5	57.5	55.5	61.4	59.3
Delaware(1)	463.8	476.6	471.5	480.7	-	-	-	-	23.1	24.1	23.9	24.2
District of Columbia(1)	758.8	769.3	761.4	770.4	-	-	-	-	15.4	15.2	15.3	15.6
Florida	9,314.9	9,706.6	9,387.3	9,711.4	5.5	5.8	5.5	5.8	592.4	604.3	595.9	602.7
Georgia	4,738.6	4,875.0	4,778.8	4,888.7	9.6	9.8	9.7	9.9	210.5	219.1	212.3	217.6
Hawaii(1)	612.0	633.1	615.3	632.4	-	-	-	-	37.0	38.2	37.1	37.3
Idaho	816.1	840.0	819.0	844.6	3.8	4.0	3.8	4.1	63.1	65.7	64.2	68.4
Illinois	5,929.6	6,047.5	5,989.9	6,103.7	6.6	6.9	6.9	7.1	211.6	213.3	225.3	229.5
Indiana	3,150.6	3,226.8	3,173.1	3,260.7	5.5	5.8	5.7	5.9	147.3	160.7	152.4	164.5
Iowa	1,552.2	1,575.1	1,569.8	1,592.1	2.0	2.2	2.3	2.3	72.1	75.0	79.9	83.0
Kansas	1,397.1	1,436.0	1,414.3	1,445.4	6.0	6.4	6.1	6.4	61.7	66.0	64.1	66.5
Kentucky	1,943.2	1,990.7	1,950.8	2,012.5	7.8	8.6	8.0	8.7	79.5	82.9	81.5	83.9
Louisiana	1,905.4	1,948.9	1,914.7	1,961.7	30.4	32.5	30.4	33.6	128.2	132.9	129.6	135.7
Maine	620.5	627.1	629.2	633.0	2.1	2.1	1.7	1.8	30.6	30.2	31.8	31.8
Maryland	2,672.7	2,711.5	2,695.0	2,735.1	1.3	1.4	1.3	1.4	158.6	159.1	159.2	160.1
Massachusetts	3,597.1	3,701.0	3,651.3	3,742.4	0.9	1.0	1.0	1.0	159.4	164.9	168.8	173.1
Michigan	4,298.2	4,372.0	4,344.4	4,393.1	6.6	7.0	6.9	7.1	168.0	176.8	180.1	184.6
Minnesota	2,859.9	2,922.5	2,908.4	2,952.1	6.3	6.2	6.3	6.2	114.5	116.6	124.7	125.3
Mississippi	1,157.4	1,172.0	1,161.6	1,177.3	6.1	6.2	6.0	6.1	46.4	48.1	45.4	48.2
Missouri	2,888.6	2,954.6	2,925.2	2,982.2	4.3	4.5	4.4	4.5	133.6	134.4	137.6	135.8
Montana	499.1	508.2	505.6	514.0	6.5	6.6	6.6	6.6	33.0	34.9	35.5	37.1
Nebraska	1,013.0	1,037.8	1,021.3	1,041.5	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	54.4	59.2	57.2	61.1
Nevada	1,461.8	1,537.3	1,481.2	1,541.2	15.0	15.2	15.1	15.2	103.2	111.1	104.8	112.2
New Hampshire	677.1	693.5	682.6	697.1	0.9	0.9	0.9	0.9	28.3	29.2	29.7	30.2
New Jersey	4,177.1	4,252.4	4,216.6	4,302.6	1.6	1.7	1.6	1.8	157.3	158.5	162.8	165.4
New Mexico	840.1	865.3	848.2	866.4	20.3	22.8	20.3	23.4	48.4	50.6	49.9	50.8
New York	9,365.3	9,616.3	9,436.8	9,650.4	5.0	5.3	5.3	5.4	366.2	386.5	381.8	394.0
North Carolina	4,741.9	4,885.1	4,779.5	4,891.1	5.5	5.5	5.6	5.5	244.3	251.0	245.8	251.1
North Dakota	419.7	429.0	422.1	430.9	14.9	18.1	15.3	18.8	22.5	23.0	24.1	23.8
Ohio	5,450.1	5,535.9	5,522.3	5,598.0	8.8	9.1	8.9	9.5	219.5	223.4	231.3	239.6
Oklahoma	1,679.9	1,722.7	1,694.1	1,728.9	29.8	31.5	30.0	31.4	78.9	82.6	79.0	83.2
Oregon	1,928.6	1,979.0	1,940.6	1,986.1	6.2	6.3	6.3	6.4	112.6	119.4	113.8	119.6
Pennsylvania	5,915.7	6,061.3	5,976.3	6,118.0	21.6	22.7	22.0	23.0	247.5	251.1	259.9	262.8
Rhode Island	485.0	489.9	496.8	491.9	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	19.4	21.8	20.9	22.1
South Carolina	2,211.5	2,275.2	2,235.0	2,289.1	4.3	4.5	4.4	4.5	106.9	109.8	108.4	109.6
South Dakota	442.9	451.8	448.4	457.5	1.0	1.1	1.1	1.2	23.0	22.5	25.2	24.6
Tennessee	3,204.5	3,299.5	3,230.6	3,310.9	4.4	4.4	4.4	4.4	143.1	149.8	143.8	151.4
Texas	13,219.6	13,790.4	13,339.7	13,848.3	192.9	212.8	195.8	213.3	766.1	800.2	773.2	790.0
Utah	1,661.3	1,707.7	1,676.8	1,720.3	9.5	10.2	9.7	10.3	126.9	133.7	129.4	133.8
Vermont	302.6	306.4	302.8	305.4	0.8	0.7	0.8	0.7	14.0	14.0	15.1	14.9
Virginia	4,014.5	4,113.6	4,052.3	4,136.5	7.1	7.1	7.1	7.1	205.4	210.3	208.1	211.5
Washington	3,478.7	3,596.8	3,499.8	3,617.5	5.4	5.7	5.4	5.7	225.8	230.8	228.3	237.1
West Virginia	691.3	694.0	696.2	699.7	19.3	21.0	19.5	21.3	30.4	28.6	31.7	30.7
Wisconsin	2,917.5	2,961.1	2,946.2	2,993.5	3.5	3.6	3.6	3.7	119.9	120.9	126.9	131.4
Wyoming	277.4	284.2	279.4	285.3	15.8	16.3	16.0	16.9	19.3	20.1	20.8	21.1
Puerto Rico	922.4	946.1	910.4	950.0	0.7	0.6	0.6	0.6	32.3	35.5	31.4	36.3
Virgin Islands(1)	34.9	35.4	34.4	35.2	-	-	-	-	2.0	2.1	1.9	2.1
Footnotes (1) Mining and logging is combined with construction. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are counts of jobs by place of work. Estimates are currently estimated from 2022 benchmark levels. Estimates subsequent to the current benchmarks are preliminary and will be revised when new information becomes available.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
Table 4. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by state and selected industry sector, not seasonally adjusted-Continued [In thousands]

State	Manufacturing				Trade, transportation, and utilities				Information
	March		April		March		April		March		April
	2022	2023	2022	2023(p)	2022	2023	2022	2023(p)	2022	2023	2022	2023(p)
Alabama	271.0	276.6	271.8	276.2	404.3	405.8	402.7	406.8	22.4	22.5	22.3	22.5
Alaska	11.4	11.7	11.1	11.2	60.6	62.8	62.2	63.8	4.7	4.7	4.7	4.7
Arizona	188.9	196.0	190.9	195.0	603.8	600.5	600.2	599.6	50.9	50.3	51.4	50.3
Arkansas	161.0	163.6	160.8	163.1	267.0	274.7	266.9	273.4	12.5	12.5	12.6	12.7
California	1,320.9	1,335.1	1,327.5	1,335.0	3,108.9	3,110.9	3,104.8	3,115.8	607.5	600.3	601.5	600.8
Colorado	152.3	154.1	152.6	153.7	497.8	494.6	500.2	490.1	78.9	77.1	79.7	77.2
Connecticut	155.4	157.9	156.1	156.7	295.3	294.4	293.9	292.7	30.9	31.0	30.8	31.4
Delaware	25.8	27.0	26.0	27.0	87.1	90.0	88.0	89.9	3.7	3.6	3.8	3.7
District of Columbia	1.1	1.0	1.0	1.0	30.1	30.2	30.0	29.9	20.7	20.9	20.8	20.9
Florida	404.9	418.3	406.6	419.9	1,902.6	1,973.7	1,908.9	1,962.0	153.2	153.2	154.4	151.9
Georgia	413.5	418.0	414.8	415.7	1,019.3	1,024.1	1,021.2	1,023.9	130.8	129.7	127.3	127.5
Hawaii	12.4	12.8	12.5	12.7	113.6	115.7	113.7	115.4	8.9	9.0	7.7	8.9
Idaho	72.8	71.9	72.9	71.8	160.7	160.4	160.1	160.8	8.8	9.4	8.8	9.8
Illinois	566.6	567.0	568.0	569.9	1,200.3	1,209.1	1,204.3	1,209.7	93.9	91.2	93.8	91.4
Indiana	539.5	540.4	539.2	540.8	623.3	630.6	624.8	632.1	26.6	25.6	26.6	25.7
Iowa	221.2	225.4	222.7	227.3	311.0	308.2	312.2	311.2	19.0	19.0	18.9	18.8
Kansas	166.8	171.3	167.2	171.8	269.8	271.9	271.2	273.9	18.2	17.5	18.4	17.5
Kentucky	248.1	258.4	251.0	261.1	423.2	429.8	418.9	430.8	21.0	21.9	21.0	22.2
Louisiana	132.2	136.5	132.1	137.2	372.6	368.7	371.7	368.0	23.0	23.0	24.4	23.1
Maine	53.7	53.3	54.0	54.2	116.2	117.3	116.6	117.0	7.9	7.8	7.9	7.7
Maryland	108.9	109.4	108.2	109.0	472.6	469.9	470.3	470.8	35.4	34.5	35.5	34.9
Massachusetts	237.2	237.2	238.5	236.8	554.7	565.2	558.2	565.1	94.5	96.3	95.9	98.0
Michigan	602.9	602.7	599.1	602.5	794.8	802.0	798.9	802.1	55.1	56.9	55.7	56.2
Minnesota	318.3	322.4	320.7	322.2	515.6	523.0	522.7	526.1	44.6	46.3	44.8	46.7
Mississippi	148.2	146.9	148.9	147.2	240.2	243.7	241.2	244.2	10.0	10.2	10.1	10.2
Missouri	279.0	291.1	280.0	290.8	554.3	555.7	555.8	560.4	47.9	47.8	48.0	48.2
Montana	21.8	22.5	21.8	22.9	98.3	99.2	98.7	99.8	5.7	5.6	5.6	5.6
Nebraska	102.5	105.7	102.7	105.4	194.9	196.0	195.1	196.9	17.9	18.2	17.9	18.3
Nevada	65.2	67.4	66.0	67.7	289.2	292.9	289.5	291.8	17.3	18.8	17.5	18.7
New Hampshire	70.0	71.1	70.1	71.3	137.1	138.8	137.5	138.0	11.9	11.6	11.9	11.7
New Jersey	248.0	252.7	249.2	252.5	901.7	906.5	902.1	907.1	73.8	76.1	75.4	75.8
New Mexico	28.3	29.1	28.6	29.5	142.3	141.3	142.8	139.7	10.6	10.7	10.9	10.7
New York	420.4	422.9	422.5	423.9	1,461.9	1,455.3	1,460.1	1,447.0	292.6	291.7	289.2	287.3
North Carolina	472.3	476.2	471.4	473.9	912.6	918.5	910.5	918.8	79.2	83.8	80.2	83.3
North Dakota	26.7	27.2	27.0	27.2	89.8	90.9	90.2	90.3	5.8	5.6	5.8	5.6
Ohio	679.2	692.9	681.8	691.2	1,049.7	1,039.8	1,050.9	1,044.3	68.6	68.0	69.1	67.4
Oklahoma	131.9	135.1	131.9	136.1	318.7	322.2	318.6	320.0	17.4	17.5	17.7	17.8
Oregon	189.9	192.9	192.4	193.1	364.4	362.6	365.0	362.1	36.6	36.6	36.8	37.6
Pennsylvania	560.0	565.4	562.0	568.2	1,133.2	1,149.7	1,134.6	1,148.4	91.1	95.7	92.0	95.0
Rhode Island	40.0	39.7	40.1	39.5	75.5	76.2	76.3	75.1	5.5	5.8	5.7	5.9
South Carolina	260.6	262.0	261.0	260.5	428.7	437.1	431.1	435.6	29.0	31.8	29.4	32.5
South Dakota	44.9	46.0	45.0	46.2	87.5	90.9	87.8	92.1	5.2	5.2	5.1	5.2
Tennessee	360.9	369.4	362.5	369.5	673.1	681.3	671.6	678.0	52.8	56.1	53.5	54.9
Texas	910.4	946.8	917.9	949.2	2,665.1	2,748.5	2,675.4	2,754.5	223.3	237.3	226.3	240.8
Utah	150.6	152.8	150.7	153.3	308.7	314.2	310.8	313.3	44.2	44.9	44.4	45.1
Vermont	28.8	28.4	28.9	28.1	51.3	52.1	51.6	52.6	4.2	4.5	4.3	4.5
Virginia	243.1	244.5	243.6	245.9	657.8	656.4	657.4	657.2	68.9	70.6	69.1	70.9
Washington	264.4	273.2	265.7	271.9	605.1	614.1	606.0	613.9	165.7	170.3	166.5	168.0
West Virginia	45.8	45.4	46.8	45.4	121.9	122.0	122.1	122.5	7.8	7.7	7.8	8.0
Wisconsin	476.3	483.0	477.0	483.0	542.0	547.1	544.2	548.3	45.4	44.9	45.4	44.7
Wyoming	9.9	10.5	9.9	10.5	51.3	51.8	51.4	51.6	3.0	3.1	3.0	3.1
Puerto Rico	82.4	83.5	81.1	82.9	183.0	184.8	180.1	184.3	16.8	16.5	17.1	16.6
Virgin Islands	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	6.5	7.0	6.4	6.8	0.4	0.5	0.4	0.5
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are counts of jobs by place of work. Estimates are currently estimated from 2022 benchmark levels. Estimates subsequent to the current benchmarks are preliminary and will be revised when new information becomes available.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
Table 4. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by state and selected industry sector, not seasonally adjusted-Continued [In thousands]

State	Financial activities				Professional and business services				Education and health services
	March		April		March		April		March		April
	2022	2023	2022	2023(p)	2022	2023	2022	2023(p)	2022	2023	2022	2023(p)
Alabama	100.3	101.9	101.0	103.6	257.7	267.8	261.3	267.4	243.7	252.4	245.7	253.7
Alaska	10.9	11.1	10.9	11.2	26.3	27.4	26.5	27.7	50.2	50.7	50.4	51.0
Arizona	249.2	250.2	249.4	249.2	462.3	472.2	468.9	474.6	476.6	499.9	478.7	504.2
Arkansas	69.7	69.2	70.1	70.3	151.0	151.8	151.7	152.9	197.1	203.6	197.9	203.6
California	840.0	842.6	845.6	847.7	2,829.8	2,882.8	2,862.6	2,893.5	2,899.1	3,049.2	2,924.6	3,079.5
Colorado	181.0	173.6	182.8	172.0	470.1	485.8	483.6	495.7	350.4	355.0	354.3	354.7
Connecticut	118.2	114.9	118.1	114.1	218.6	222.0	223.0	224.6	340.8	352.5	342.6	354.0
Delaware	47.7	50.0	48.2	50.2	64.5	66.9	66.3	67.6	79.1	79.5	79.7	79.7
District of Columbia	27.4	28.3	27.2	28.2	171.8	173.7	172.6	173.3	123.2	124.8	123.4	123.7
Florida	653.4	674.4	660.3	676.4	1,551.8	1,608.9	1,572.3	1,622.2	1,371.8	1,464.0	1,382.9	1,467.1
Georgia	268.1	278.3	270.7	278.8	765.8	768.6	778.2	774.6	618.5	656.3	622.9	657.6
Hawaii	27.6	27.4	27.7	27.3	70.9	72.3	71.6	73.2	86.7	86.4	86.7	86.4
Idaho	41.0	41.4	40.8	41.3	105.2	109.6	106.9	110.1	121.0	127.0	120.4	126.4
Illinois	398.7	402.3	400.3	405.9	955.7	953.6	967.5	965.8	925.7	963.3	928.9	968.3
Indiana	145.0	148.5	146.2	149.7	360.5	369.1	366.3	378.6	469.9	483.6	471.5	487.2
Iowa	108.2	108.3	108.2	108.5	143.7	142.8	146.0	143.5	230.2	238.4	228.5	239.2
Kansas	74.6	75.4	75.7	76.1	176.3	183.2	180.4	184.1	196.7	205.1	198.2	206.1
Kentucky	96.1	94.5	96.7	94.7	224.1	227.6	226.5	230.1	285.5	296.5	285.7	298.9
Louisiana	87.7	92.4	88.6	93.0	220.4	220.4	222.7	222.3	319.5	334.6	321.7	337.9
Maine	33.1	34.0	33.4	33.9	73.7	75.1	76.0	76.1	125.9	128.8	126.1	128.8
Maryland	133.3	134.3	134.5	134.2	467.1	463.9	474.6	472.0	441.6	459.4	443.3	460.9
Massachusetts	223.4	230.7	224.2	230.3	617.7	639.6	631.9	653.5	811.1	838.1	811.6	837.9
Michigan	232.0	226.2	233.2	227.3	650.7	655.8	662.1	662.0	656.9	676.5	659.9	679.9
Minnesota	189.3	190.1	190.6	189.5	375.7	379.3	384.7	386.1	544.6	559.4	548.5	561.5
Mississippi	43.7	44.4	43.9	44.4	117.7	116.2	117.4	115.6	142.0	149.0	143.0	150.3
Missouri	182.5	187.6	184.0	186.2	376.8	388.3	384.8	392.2	483.9	494.9	489.7	501.2
Montana	27.9	28.6	28.1	28.7	48.0	49.7	49.2	49.6	80.7	83.2	81.2	83.7
Nebraska	71.0	69.7	71.2	70.0	119.9	120.5	121.4	119.6	155.6	160.6	155.6	160.5
Nevada	75.0	75.1	76.0	75.7	205.3	218.7	209.5	220.4	154.8	168.3	157.0	168.5
New Hampshire	34.2	33.9	34.4	34.3	93.0	100.8	94.8	104.0	123.6	125.4	124.7	125.8
New Jersey	256.5	256.5	257.7	257.1	714.3	705.0	723.4	725.0	726.0	770.4	729.3	773.2
New Mexico	34.7	34.1	35.1	34.7	113.6	118.9	114.9	120.1	140.1	146.4	141.9	146.3
New York	712.3	731.0	716.7	728.8	1,328.5	1,371.3	1,350.0	1,385.5	2,150.1	2,238.0	2,166.0	2,235.4
North Carolina	285.6	293.5	289.6	294.3	721.4	748.7	732.3	746.4	645.0	675.0	650.2	676.7
North Dakota	24.3	24.3	24.3	24.4	33.9	34.3	33.9	35.0	66.5	68.1	66.8	68.1
Ohio	314.1	319.7	316.6	319.6	728.9	724.7	743.2	739.1	895.8	928.9	901.3	930.9
Oklahoma	79.8	81.1	80.5	80.4	198.7	202.7	201.8	203.9	237.9	246.2	240.4	247.8
Oregon	104.8	105.2	105.1	105.8	261.9	269.7	263.1	269.8	305.0	314.1	304.5	314.8
Pennsylvania	331.0	338.4	331.5	338.3	831.7	847.5	842.7	863.5	1,260.0	1,311.2	1,268.1	1,316.4
Rhode Island	34.2	35.0	35.0	35.0	67.6	66.9	71.1	68.0	105.9	105.5	107.2	105.7
South Carolina	114.3	118.5	116.5	120.7	302.4	308.8	306.4	309.7	260.5	275.5	263.5	278.2
South Dakota	27.8	27.6	27.9	27.7	36.0	36.0	36.6	37.4	74.8	77.0	75.3	77.0
Tennessee	172.5	172.6	174.3	173.5	457.1	467.6	462.4	470.2	447.5	463.9	448.7	467.5
Texas	861.7	900.0	869.5	901.1	2,025.2	2,101.8	2,050.5	2,115.4	1,768.2	1,867.6	1,787.4	1,873.0
Utah	97.7	95.5	98.2	96.4	241.3	246.1	245.2	252.0	225.3	235.5	227.3	233.5
Vermont	11.9	12.0	12.1	12.1	30.9	32.3	31.8	32.6	63.1	63.0	63.5	63.0
Virginia	213.7	212.8	215.3	216.3	790.3	809.2	800.6	810.9	548.4	573.8	557.2	573.9
Washington	165.5	166.4	164.8	167.6	536.7	554.4	541.2	557.4	513.8	537.4	515.0	541.2
West Virginia	25.2	25.3	25.4	25.4	71.4	70.7	72.5	72.5	127.7	130.2	127.6	129.3
Wisconsin	157.0	159.8	157.9	161.0	325.3	318.9	326.6	326.1	453.8	466.8	455.7	466.6
Wyoming	11.4	11.6	11.4	11.8	19.5	20.1	20.1	20.1	28.9	30.1	29.0	29.7
Puerto Rico	47.0	46.7	46.1	46.8	140.1	141.7	136.3	144.6	121.1	125.0	120.6	125.5
Virgin Islands	1.8	1.8	1.8	1.8	2.9	2.8	2.8	2.8	2.3	2.5	2.3	2.5
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are counts of jobs by place of work. Estimates are currently estimated from 2022 benchmark levels. Estimates subsequent to the current benchmarks are preliminary and will be revised when new information becomes available.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
Table 4. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by state and selected industry sector, not seasonally adjusted-Continued [In thousands]

State	Leisure and hospitality				Other services				Government
	March		April		March		April		March		April
	2022	2023	2022	2023(p)	2022	2023	2022	2023(p)	2022	2023	2022	2023(p)
Alabama	194.1	199.2	197.3	203.0	98.1	101.9	99.1	102.2	390.5	398.7	393.2	399.5
Alaska	30.0	32.4	31.5	33.2	10.7	11.3	11.0	11.4	78.8	80.0	78.5	80.1
Arizona	334.6	343.6	338.9	348.7	95.6	95.0	97.9	94.4	418.2	427.9	417.7	431.4
Arkansas	119.4	124.7	122.5	131.6	70.7	73.0	71.3	73.4	210.2	212.2	211.8	213.3
California	1,867.8	2,000.9	1,912.3	2,032.3	551.9	571.9	562.2	581.4	2,546.5	2,598.1	2,555.4	2,607.7
Colorado	330.0	348.3	334.6	351.6	120.8	124.5	123.1	122.6	449.9	458.3	451.7	459.8
Connecticut	138.0	144.1	144.9	148.6	59.9	60.6	60.5	61.6	231.4	234.7	230.5	233.1
Delaware	46.5	47.6	48.5	49.7	18.4	18.3	18.8	18.5	67.9	69.6	68.3	70.2
District of Columbia	62.0	74.2	66.6	75.5	66.7	68.0	66.4	69.3	240.4	233.0	238.1	233.0
Florida	1,236.2	1,323.8	1,251.8	1,321.4	337.7	351.6	342.7	350.3	1,105.4	1,128.6	1,106.0	1,131.7
Georgia	468.2	510.5	482.5	520.4	159.7	169.7	162.6	170.9	674.6	690.9	676.6	691.8
Hawaii	107.6	119.3	109.8	118.3	25.7	26.9	26.2	27.0	121.6	125.1	122.3	125.9
Idaho	85.9	89.7	86.7	90.5	27.0	27.8	27.0	27.4	126.8	133.1	127.4	134.0
Illinois	534.8	570.5	554.7	582.9	242.8	252.0	245.0	251.2	792.9	818.3	795.2	822.0
Indiana	293.6	308.5	298.8	320.7	122.9	128.8	124.4	129.5	416.5	425.2	417.2	426.0
Iowa	130.8	135.2	135.1	137.6	55.3	56.3	55.4	55.2	258.7	264.3	260.6	265.5
Kansas	123.2	130.0	127.1	133.2	49.3	50.4	50.2	49.9	254.5	258.8	255.7	259.9
Kentucky	190.7	195.3	193.8	205.4	65.2	67.6	65.8	68.2	302.0	307.6	301.9	308.5
Louisiana	209.4	221.2	209.1	220.7	70.6	69.9	70.8	70.2	311.4	316.8	313.6	320.0
Maine	55.3	55.4	59.3	58.4	21.4	21.6	21.7	22.3	100.6	101.5	100.7	101.0
Maryland	236.6	244.2	243.5	250.1	105.2	108.2	105.9	108.4	512.1	527.2	518.7	533.3
Massachusetts	315.5	330.7	333.5	344.6	130.0	134.1	132.5	136.3	452.7	463.2	455.2	465.8
Michigan	379.1	394.3	390.2	395.8	160.2	158.6	162.6	158.3	591.9	615.2	595.7	617.3
Minnesota	236.2	254.3	246.1	260.9	104.3	105.7	106.4	106.3	410.5	419.2	412.9	421.3
Mississippi	129.7	133.0	132.8	136.7	39.3	39.1	39.5	39.2	234.1	235.2	233.4	235.2
Missouri	284.5	299.8	295.6	308.5	111.9	116.0	113.0	117.3	429.9	434.5	432.3	437.1
Montana	67.1	68.4	68.2	69.0	19.1	19.0	19.2	19.7	91.0	90.5	91.5	91.3
Nebraska	88.4	94.3	90.6	95.3	36.6	38.8	36.7	39.2	170.8	173.8	171.9	174.2
Nevada	329.3	352.8	334.9	353.8	41.4	42.2	42.4	40.7	166.1	174.8	168.5	176.5
New Hampshire	65.0	67.5	66.0	67.1	23.5	24.5	23.8	24.2	89.6	89.8	88.8	89.6
New Jersey	344.9	367.8	358.0	383.7	161.1	163.9	163.6	166.9	591.9	593.3	593.5	594.1
New Mexico	92.2	96.8	93.7	97.3	27.9	28.1	28.3	28.4	181.7	186.5	181.8	185.5
New York	804.3	871.3	831.0	893.5	377.6	390.0	379.0	390.8	1,446.4	1,453.0	1,435.2	1,458.8
North Carolina	477.7	515.2	493.6	521.4	164.9	174.4	166.4	174.7	733.4	743.3	733.9	745.0
North Dakota	37.8	39.2	37.7	39.2	14.6	14.8	14.6	15.0	82.9	83.5	82.4	83.5
Ohio	514.2	532.8	534.0	555.5	202.9	214.2	205.7	218.0	768.4	782.4	779.5	782.9
Oklahoma	168.0	179.9	173.5	183.2	65.8	66.6	66.4	66.8	353.0	357.3	354.3	358.3
Oregon	190.3	200.2	194.9	202.0	60.8	63.3	61.3	65.6	296.1	308.7	297.4	309.3
Pennsylvania	507.1	532.4	527.6	553.2	245.5	252.0	247.5	251.8	687.0	695.2	688.4	697.4
Rhode Island	52.0	51.5	55.2	53.6	20.7	21.4	21.2	21.5	64.0	65.9	63.9	65.3
South Carolina	255.9	267.5	264.3	277.5	80.7	81.7	81.6	81.9	368.2	378.0	368.4	378.4
South Dakota	45.1	46.2	46.5	46.7	17.2	17.7	17.3	17.5	80.4	81.6	80.6	81.9
Tennessee	329.0	354.1	340.9	357.8	123.6	128.2	125.1	129.1	440.5	452.1	443.4	454.6
Texas	1,369.8	1,448.1	1,398.7	1,474.4	435.0	467.5	441.4	472.4	2,001.9	2,059.8	2,003.6	2,064.2
Utah	159.7	167.2	161.6	171.0	43.3	46.8	43.7	48.7	254.1	260.8	255.8	262.9
Vermont	33.5	33.3	30.7	30.6	9.6	9.9	9.7	9.9	54.5	56.2	54.3	56.4
Virginia	371.0	396.3	382.1	408.9	187.9	194.5	189.2	195.8	720.9	738.1	722.6	738.1
Washington	313.7	336.2	321.9	343.2	118.1	125.3	118.9	126.3	564.5	583.0	566.1	585.2
West Virginia	68.6	67.7	69.6	68.7	23.8	24.7	24.1	24.9	149.4	150.7	149.1	151.0
Wisconsin	250.5	256.1	257.7	262.9	144.4	149.7	144.2	149.5	399.4	410.3	407.0	416.3
Wyoming	34.8	35.7	34.3	35.3	15.8	16.0	15.9	16.4	67.7	68.9	67.6	68.8
Puerto Rico	84.5	92.2	84.2	92.4	18.7	19.0	18.7	19.1	195.8	200.6	194.2	200.9
Virgin Islands	6.5	6.2	6.4	6.2	1.1	1.1	1.0	1.1	10.9	10.9	10.9	10.9
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are counts of jobs by place of work. Estimates are currently estimated from 2022 benchmark levels. Estimates subsequent to the current benchmarks are preliminary and will be revised when new information becomes available.