State Employment and Unemployment (Monthly) News Release

For release 10:00 a.m. (ET) Friday, June 16, 2023	                  USDL-23-1306

Technical information: 
 Employment:    (202) 691-6559  *  sminfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/sae   
 Unemployment:  (202) 691-6392  *  lausinfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/lau

Media contact:  (202) 691-5902  *  PressOffice@bls.gov


                  STATE EMPLOYMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT -- MAY 2023


Unemployment rates were lower in May in 11 states and stable in 39 states and the 
District of Columbia, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Seventeen 
states had jobless rate decreases from a year earlier, 8 states and the District had 
increases, and 25 states had little change. The national unemployment rate rose by 
0.3 percentage point over the month to 3.7 percent but was little changed from May 
2022.

Nonfarm payroll employment increased in 5 states and was essentially unchanged in 
45 states and the District of Columbia in May 2023. Over the year, nonfarm payroll 
employment increased in 42 states and was essentially unchanged in 8 states and the 
District.

This news release presents statistics from two monthly programs. The civilian labor 
force and unemployment data are modeled based largely on a survey of households. 
These data pertain to individuals by where they reside. The employment data are from 
an establishment survey that measures nonfarm employment, hours, and earnings by 
industry. These data pertain to jobs on payrolls defined by where the establishments 
are located. For more information about the concepts and statistical methodologies 
used by these two programs, see the Technical Note.

Unemployment

Nebraska, New Hampshire, and South Dakota had the lowest jobless rates in May, 1.9 
percent each. The next lowest rates were in North Dakota and Vermont, 2.1 percent each. 
The rates in Arkansas (2.7 percent), Maryland (2.4 percent), Mississippi (3.2 percent), 
Nebraska (1.9 percent), New Hampshire (1.9 percent), Ohio (3.6 percent), and Pennsylvania 
(4.0 percent) set new series lows. (All state series begin in 1976.) Nevada had the 
highest unemployment rate, 5.4 percent. In total, 22 states had unemployment rates 
lower than the U.S. figure of 3.7 percent, 3 states and the District of Columbia had 
higher rates, and 25 states had rates that were not appreciably different from that of 
the nation. (See tables A and 1.)

In May, 11 states had over-the-month unemployment rate decreases, the largest of which 
were in Massachusetts, Oregon, and Vermont (-0.3 percentage point each). Thirty-nine
states and the District of Columbia had jobless rates that were not notably different 
from those of a month earlier, though some had changes that were at least as large
numerically as the significant changes. (See table B.)

Seventeen states had over-the-year unemployment rate decreases, the largest of which 
was in Massachusetts (-0.9 percentage point). Eight states and the District of Columbia 
had rate increases from May 2022, the largest of which were in California, Minnesota, and 
the District (+0.5 percentage point each). (See table C.)

Nonfarm Payroll Employment

Nonfarm payroll employment increased in 5 states and was essentially unchanged in 
45 states and the District of Columbia in May 2023. The largest job gains occurred in 
Texas (+51,000), California (+47,300), and New York (+30,400). The largest percentage 
increase occurred in Utah (+0.5 percent), followed by Texas (+0.4 percent) and 
California, Michigan, and New York (+0.3 percent each). (See tables D and 3.)

Over the year, nonfarm payroll employment increased in 42 states and was essentially 
unchanged in 8 states and the District of Columbia. The largest job increases occurred 
in Texas (+529,800), California (+427,500), and Florida (+346,600). The largest percentage 
increase occurred in Texas (+4.0 percent), followed by Florida and Nevada 
(+3.7 percent each). (See table E.) 

_____________
The Metropolitan Area Employment and Unemployment news release for May is scheduled to 
be released on Wednesday, June 28, 2023, at 10:00 a.m. (ET). The State Employment and 
Unemployment news release for June is scheduled to be released on Friday, July 21, 2023, 
at 10:00 a.m. (ET).

 ______________________________________________________________________________________
|										       |
|                 Current Employment Statistics (CES) Data Corrections		       |
|										       |
| This news release contains corrections to errors in previously released employment   |
| data in table 3. A complete list of corrections in this news release and in the CES  |
| (State and Area) database can be found at www.bls.gov/bls/errata/sae_errata.htm.     |			       
|______________________________________________________________________________________|


Table A. States with unemployment rates significantly different
from that of the U.S., May 2023, seasonally adjusted
--------------------------------------------------------------
                State                |          Rate(p)
--------------------------------------------------------------
United States (1) ...................|           3.7
                                     |
Alabama .............................|           2.2
Arkansas ............................|           2.7
California ..........................|           4.5
Colorado ............................|           2.8
District of Columbia ................|           5.1
Florida .............................|           2.6
Idaho ...............................|           2.6
Iowa ................................|           2.7
Kansas ..............................|           2.9
Maine ...............................|           2.4
                                     |
Maryland ............................|           2.4
Massachusetts .......................|           2.8
Minnesota ...........................|           2.9
Missouri ............................|           2.5
Montana .............................|           2.3
Nebraska ............................|           1.9
Nevada ..............................|           5.4
New Hampshire .......................|           1.9
North Dakota ........................|           2.1
Oklahoma ............................|           2.8
                                     |
South Dakota ........................|           1.9
Texas ...............................|           4.1
Utah ................................|           2.3
Vermont .............................|           2.1
Virginia ............................|           2.9
Wisconsin ...........................|           2.4
--------------------------------------------------------------
   (1) Data are not preliminary.
   (p) = preliminary.


Table B. States with statistically significant unemployment rate changes
from April 2023 to May 2023, seasonally adjusted
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                |          Rate         |
                                |-----------|-----------| Over-the-month
             State              |   April   |    May    |    change(p)
                                |   2023    |  2023(p)  |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Arkansas .......................|     2.8   |     2.7   |      -0.1
Hawaii .........................|     3.3   |     3.1   |       -.2
Illinois .......................|     4.2   |     4.1   |       -.1
Massachusetts ..................|     3.1   |     2.8   |       -.3
New Hampshire ..................|     2.1   |     1.9   |       -.2
Oregon .........................|     4.0   |     3.7   |       -.3
Pennsylvania ...................|     4.1   |     4.0   |       -.1
Vermont ........................|     2.4   |     2.1   |       -.3
Virginia .......................|     3.1   |     2.9   |       -.2
Washington .....................|     4.3   |     4.1   |       -.2
Wyoming ........................|     3.5   |     3.3   |       -.2
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
   (p) = preliminary.


Table C. States with statistically significant unemployment rate changes
from May 2022 to May 2023, seasonally adjusted
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                |          Rate         |
                                |-----------|-----------|  Over-the-year
             State              |    May    |    May    |    change(p)
                                |   2022    |  2023(p)  |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Alabama ........................|     2.5   |     2.2   |      -0.3
Arkansas .......................|     3.2   |     2.7   |       -.5
California .....................|     4.0   |     4.5   |        .5
Connecticut ....................|     4.1   |     3.7   |       -.4
District of Columbia ...........|     4.6   |     5.1   |        .5
Florida ........................|     2.9   |     2.6   |       -.3
Georgia ........................|     2.9   |     3.2   |        .3
Illinois .......................|     4.4   |     4.1   |       -.3
Iowa ...........................|     2.4   |     2.7   |        .3
Kansas .........................|     2.5   |     2.9   |        .4
                                |           |           |
Maryland .......................|     3.1   |     2.4   |       -.7
Massachusetts ..................|     3.7   |     2.8   |       -.9
Michigan .......................|     4.0   |     3.7   |       -.3
Minnesota ......................|     2.4   |     2.9   |        .5
Mississippi ....................|     3.7   |     3.2   |       -.5
Missouri .......................|     2.1   |     2.5   |        .4
Montana ........................|     2.6   |     2.3   |       -.3
New Hampshire ..................|     2.2   |     1.9   |       -.3
New Mexico .....................|     4.1   |     3.5   |       -.6
New York .......................|     4.1   |     3.9   |       -.2
                                |           |           |
Ohio ...........................|     3.9   |     3.6   |       -.3
Pennsylvania ...................|     4.3   |     4.0   |       -.3
Texas ..........................|     3.8   |     4.1   |        .3
Virginia .......................|     2.5   |     2.9   |        .4
West Virginia ..................|     3.8   |     3.3   |       -.5
Wisconsin ......................|     2.9   |     2.4   |       -.5
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
   (p) = preliminary.


Table D. States with statistically significant employment changes from
April 2023 to May 2023, seasonally adjusted
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                              |             |             | Over-the-month change(p)
            State             |    April    |     May     |---------------------------
                              |    2023     |    2023(p)  |    Level    |   Percent
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
California ...................|  18,040,900 |  18,088,200 |      47,300 |      0.3
Michigan .....................|   4,425,600 |   4,440,100 |      14,500 |       .3
New York .....................|   9,665,800 |   9,696,200 |      30,400 |       .3
Texas ........................|  13,867,700 |  13,918,700 |      51,000 |       .4
Utah .........................|   1,720,300 |   1,728,800 |       8,500 |       .5
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   (p) = preliminary.


Table E. States with statistically significant employment changes from
May 2022 to May 2023, seasonally adjusted
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                              |             |             |  Over-the-year change(p)
            State             |     May     |     May     |---------------------------
                              |    2022     |    2023(p)  |    Level    |   Percent
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Alabama ......................|   2,105,000 |   2,149,000 |      44,000 |      2.1
Arizona ......................|   3,094,700 |   3,151,500 |      56,800 |      1.8
Arkansas .....................|   1,326,400 |   1,362,700 |      36,300 |      2.7
California ...................|  17,660,700 |  18,088,200 |     427,500 |      2.4
Connecticut ..................|   1,666,600 |   1,691,500 |      24,900 |      1.5
Delaware .....................|     470,100 |     485,700 |      15,600 |      3.3
Florida ......................|   9,379,500 |   9,726,100 |     346,600 |      3.7
Georgia ......................|   4,790,400 |   4,908,500 |     118,100 |      2.5
Hawaii .......................|     611,400 |     631,000 |      19,600 |      3.2
Idaho ........................|     821,800 |     847,200 |      25,400 |      3.1
                              |             |             |             |       
Illinois .....................|   6,009,400 |   6,129,700 |     120,300 |      2.0
Indiana ......................|   3,182,400 |   3,266,700 |      84,300 |      2.6
Iowa .........................|   1,565,000 |   1,596,400 |      31,400 |      2.0
Kansas .......................|   1,409,800 |   1,441,600 |      31,800 |      2.3
Kentucky .....................|   1,954,100 |   2,005,900 |      51,800 |      2.7
Louisiana ....................|   1,914,500 |   1,962,900 |      48,400 |      2.5
Maryland .....................|   2,702,400 |   2,739,200 |      36,800 |      1.4
Massachusetts ................|   3,660,600 |   3,765,700 |     105,100 |      2.9
Michigan .....................|   4,358,000 |   4,440,100 |      82,100 |      1.9
Minnesota ....................|   2,927,700 |   2,986,700 |      59,000 |      2.0
                              |             |             |             |       
Missouri .....................|   2,922,100 |   2,977,700 |      55,600 |      1.9
Nebraska .....................|   1,020,400 |   1,039,800 |      19,400 |      1.9
Nevada .......................|   1,485,600 |   1,540,900 |      55,300 |      3.7
New Hampshire ................|     684,000 |     701,500 |      17,500 |      2.6
New Jersey ...................|   4,242,200 |   4,335,800 |      93,600 |      2.2
New Mexico ...................|     845,700 |     868,200 |      22,500 |      2.7
New York .....................|   9,477,500 |   9,696,200 |     218,700 |      2.3
North Carolina ...............|   4,786,500 |   4,901,500 |     115,000 |      2.4
North Dakota .................|     425,500 |     434,600 |       9,100 |      2.1
Ohio .........................|   5,529,200 |   5,614,600 |      85,400 |      1.5
                              |             |             |             |       
Oklahoma .....................|   1,693,900 |   1,727,900 |      34,000 |      2.0
Oregon .......................|   1,940,200 |   1,992,400 |      52,200 |      2.7
Pennsylvania .................|   5,971,000 |   6,122,500 |     151,500 |      2.5
South Carolina ...............|   2,237,400 |   2,300,600 |      63,200 |      2.8
South Dakota .................|     450,700 |     460,400 |       9,700 |      2.2
Tennessee ....................|   3,237,100 |   3,312,100 |      75,000 |      2.3
Texas ........................|  13,388,900 |  13,918,700 |     529,800 |      4.0
Utah .........................|   1,676,400 |   1,728,800 |      52,400 |      3.1
Virginia .....................|   4,055,400 |   4,146,900 |      91,500 |      2.3
Washington ...................|   3,517,300 |   3,626,500 |     109,200 |      3.1
Wisconsin ....................|   2,954,300 |   2,995,500 |      41,200 |      1.4
Wyoming ......................|     282,700 |     289,700 |       7,000 |      2.5
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   (p) = preliminary.

Technical Note
 
   This news release presents civilian labor force and unemployment data for states and selected substate
   areas from the Local Area Unemployment Statistics (LAUS) program (tables 1 and 2). Also presented are
   nonfarm payroll employment estimates by state and industry supersector from the Current Employment
   Statistics (CES) program (tables 3 and 4). The LAUS and CES programs are both federal-state cooperative
   endeavors.

Civilian labor force and unemployment--from the LAUS program

   Definitions. The civilian labor force and unemployment data are based on the same concepts and definitions
   as those used for the official national estimates obtained from the Current Population Survey (CPS), a
   sample survey of households that is conducted for the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) by the U.S. Census
   Bureau. The LAUS program measures employed people and unemployed people on a place of-residence basis. The
   universe for each is the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years of age and older. Employed people
   are those who did any work at all for pay or profit in the reference week (typically the week including
   the 12th of the month) or worked 15 hours or more without pay in a family business or farm, plus those not
   working who had a job from which they were temporarily absent, whether or not paid, for such reasons as
   bad weather, labor-management dispute, illness, or vacation.
   
   Unemployed people are those who were not employed during the reference week (based on the definition above),
   had actively looked for a job sometime in the 4-week period ending with the reference week, and were 
   currently available for work; people on layoff expecting recall need not be looking for work to be counted
   as unemployed. The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and unemployed people. The unemployment rate
   is the number of unemployed as a percent of the civilian labor force.

   Method of estimation. Estimates for 48 states, the District of Columbia, the Los Angeles-Long Beach-Glendale
   metropolitan division, New York City, and the balances of California and New York State are produced using
   time-series models. This method, which underwent substantial enhancement at the beginning of 2021, utilizes
   data from several sources, including the CPS, the CES, and state unemployment insurance (UI) programs. 
   Estimates for the state of California are derived by summing the estimates for the Los Angeles-Long Beach-
   Glendale metropolitan division and the balance of California. Similarly, estimates for New York State are
   derived by summing the estimates for New York City and the balance of New York State. Estimates for the 
   five additional substate areas contained in this release (the Cleveland-Elyria and Detroit-Warren-Dearborn
   metropolitan areas and the Chicago-Naperville-Arlington Heights, Miami-Miami Beach Kendall, and Seattle-
   Bellevue-Everett metropolitan divisions) and their respective balances of state are produced using a similar
   model-based approach.
   
   Each month, estimates for the nine census divisions first are modeled using inputs from the CPS only and
   controlled to the national totals. State estimates then are controlled to their respective census division
   totals. Substate and balance-of-state estimates for the five areas noted above also are controlled to their
   respective state totals. This tiered process of controlling model-based estimates to the U.S. totals is called
   real-time benchmarking. Estimates for Puerto Rico are derived from a monthly household survey similar to 
   the CPS. A more detailed description of the estimation procedures is available from BLS upon request.

   Annual revisions. Civilian labor force and unemployment data for prior years reflect adjustments made after
   the end of each year. The adjusted estimates reflect updated population data from the U.S. Census Bureau,
   any revisions in the other data sources, and model re-estimation. In most years, historical data for the
   most recent five years are revised near the beginning of each calendar year, prior to the release of January
   estimates. With the introduction of a new generation of time series models in 2021, historical data were
   re-estimated back to the series beginnings in 1976, 1990, or 1994.

   Seasonal adjustment. The LAUS models decompose the estimates of employed and unemployed people into trend,
   seasonal, and irregular components. The benchmarked signals of employed and unemployed people first are
   adjusted using an X-11 type of seasonal adjustment filter. The adjusted data then are smoothed using a
   Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Space (RKHS) filter. The smoothed-seasonally adjusted estimates of employed and
   unemployed people are summed to derive the civilian labor force, and the unemployment rate then is 
   calculated as the unemployed percent of the civilian labor force. The resulting smoothed-seasonally adjusted
   unemployment rate estimates are analyzed in this news release and published on the BLS website.
   
   During estimation for the current year, the smoothed-seasonally adjusted estimates for a given month are
   created using an asymmetric filter that incorporates information from previous observations only. For
   annual revisions, historical data are smoothed using a two-sided filter.

   Area definitions. The substate area data published in this release reflect the delineations that were issued
   by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget on April 10, 2018. A detailed list of the geographic definitions
   is available online at www.bls.gov/lau/lausmsa.htm. 

Employment--from the CES program

   Definitions. Employment data refer to persons on establishment payrolls who receive pay for any part of
   the pay period that includes the 12th of the month. Persons are counted at their place of work rather than
   at their place of residence; those appearing on more than one payroll are counted on each payroll. 
   Industries are classified on the basis of their principal activity in accordance with the 2022 version of
   the North American Industry Classification System. 

   Method of estimation. CES State and Area employment data are produced using several estimation procedures.
   Where possible, these data are produced using a "weighted link relative" estimation technique in which a
   ratio of current month weighted employment to that of the previous-month weighted employment is computed
   from a sample of establishments reporting for both months. The estimates of employment for the current month
   are then obtained by multiplying these ratios by the previous month’s employment estimates. The weighted
   link relative technique is utilized for data series where the sample size meets certain statistical criteria.
   For some employment series, the estimates are produced with a model that uses direct sample estimates 
   (described above) combined with other regressors to compensate for smaller sample sizes. 

   Annual revisions. Employment estimates are adjusted annually to a complete count of jobs, called benchmarks,
   derived principally from tax reports that are submitted by employers who are covered under state unemployment
   insurance (UI) laws. The benchmark information is used to adjust the monthly estimates between the new
   benchmark and the preceding one and to establish the level of employment for the new benchmark month. Thus,
   the benchmarking process establishes the level of employment, and the sample is used to measure the month-
   to-month changes in the level for the subsequent months. Information on recent benchmark revisions is 
   available online at www.bls.gov/web/laus/bmrk_article.htm.

   Seasonal adjustment. Payroll employment data are seasonally adjusted at the statewide expanded supersector
   level. In some cases, the seasonally adjusted payroll employment total is computed by aggregating the
   independently adjusted supersector series. In other cases, the seasonally adjusted payroll employment total
   is independently adjusted. Revisions to historical data for the most recent five years are made once a 
   year, coincident with annual benchmark adjustments.
   
   Payroll employment data are seasonally adjusted concurrently, using all available estimates including those
   for the current month, to develop sample-based seasonal factors. Concurrent sample-based factors are 
   created every month for the current month’s preliminary estimate as well as the previous month’s final 
   estimate. 

   Caution on aggregating state data. State estimation procedures are designed to produce accurate data
   for each individual state. BLS independently develops a national employment series; state estimates are
   not forced to sum to national totals. Each state series is subject to larger relative sampling and 
   nonsampling errors than the national series. Summing state estimates cumulates individual state-level
   errors and can cause significant distortions at an aggregate level. Due to these statistical limitations,
   BLS does not compile a "sum-of-states" employment series and cautions users that such a series is subject
   to a relatively large and volatile error structure.

Reliability of the estimates

    The estimates presented in this release are based on sample surveys, administrative data, and modeling
    and, thus, are subject to sampling and other types of errors. Sampling error is a measure of sampling 
    variability—that is, variation that occurs by chance because a sample rather than the entire population
    is surveyed. Survey data also are subject to nonsampling errors, such as those which can be introduced
    into the data collection and processing operations. Estimates not directly derived from sample surveys
    are subject to additional errors resulting from the specific estimation processes used.

    Use of error measures. Changes in state unemployment rates and state nonfarm payroll employment are 
    cited in the analysis of this release only if they have been determined to be statistically significant
    at the 90-percent confidence level. Furthermore, state unemployment rates for the current month generally
    are cited only if they have been determined to be significantly different from the U.S. rate at the 
    90-percent confidence level. The underlying model-based standard error measures for unemployment rates
    and over-the-month and over-the-year changes in rates are available at www.bls.gov/lau/lastderr.htm.
    The underlying standard error measures for over-the-month and over-the-year changes in state payroll
    employment data at the total nonfarm and supersector levels are available at 
    www.bls.gov/web/laus/790stderr.htm. Measures of nonsampling error are not available.

Additional information

    Estimates of civilian labor force and unemployment from the LAUS program, as well as nonfarm payroll
    employment from the CES program, for metropolitan areas and metropolitan divisions are available in
    the news release Metropolitan Area Employment and Unemployment. Estimates of civilian labor force,
    employed people, unemployed people, and unemployment rates for approximately 7,600 subnational areas
    are available online at www.bls.gov/lau/. Employment data from the CES program for states and 
    metropolitan areas are available online at www.bls.gov/sae/. If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or
    have a speech disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access telecommunications relay services.

LABOR FORCE DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

Table 1. Civilian labor force and unemployment by state and selected area, seasonally adjusted

State and area	Civilian labor force				Unemployed
	May 2022	Mar. 2023	Apr. 2023	May 2023(p)	Number				Percent of labor force
					May 2022	Mar. 2023	Apr. 2023	May 2023(p)	May 2022	Mar. 2023	Apr. 2023	May 2023(p)
Alabama	2,291,313	2,289,655	2,293,135	2,299,026	57,866	53,017	51,448	51,445	2.5	2.3	2.2	2.2
Alaska	357,262	357,727	358,060	358,231	14,039	13,244	13,076	12,959	3.9	3.7	3.7	3.6
Arizona	3,608,904	3,659,108	3,662,506	3,671,470	131,973	129,439	125,705	125,442	3.7	3.5	3.4	3.4
Arkansas	1,370,505	1,375,422	1,378,421	1,380,752	43,523	40,868	39,021	37,095	3.2	3.0	2.8	2.7
California	19,249,758	19,371,587	19,404,809	19,429,523	760,435	860,202	868,102	882,963	4.0	4.4	4.5	4.5
Los Angeles-Long Beach-Glendale(1)	5,002,993	4,982,004	4,994,691	5,001,693	234,558	248,006	247,037	247,833	4.7	5.0	4.9	5.0
Colorado	3,207,626	3,227,367	3,235,004	3,244,435	94,133	91,077	89,371	89,973	2.9	2.8	2.8	2.8
Connecticut	1,943,371	1,905,641	1,901,425	1,897,636	79,812	75,264	72,576	71,091	4.1	3.9	3.8	3.7
Delaware	497,820	496,628	497,798	499,734	21,496	22,048	21,471	21,161	4.3	4.4	4.3	4.2
District of Columbia	390,802	390,485	390,815	391,925	18,057	18,872	19,434	19,845	4.6	4.8	5.0	5.1
Florida	10,751,810	10,921,678	10,960,257	10,998,197	309,366	283,229	280,772	286,966	2.9	2.6	2.6	2.6
Miami-Miami Beach-Kendall(1)	1,369,210	1,390,517	1,391,799	1,390,903	36,146	26,121	24,365	25,728	2.6	1.9	1.8	1.8
Georgia	5,242,586	5,261,339	5,275,801	5,290,658	154,171	164,956	165,419	169,824	2.9	3.1	3.1	3.2
Hawaii	676,621	678,403	678,870	678,809	22,739	23,539	22,490	21,379	3.4	3.5	3.3	3.1
Idaho	950,622	960,014	960,747	962,466	24,115	24,678	24,500	25,004	2.5	2.6	2.6	2.6
Illinois	6,485,489	6,477,081	6,482,413	6,475,663	286,408	283,806	275,010	265,248	4.4	4.4	4.2	4.1
Chicago-Naperville-Arlington Heights(1)	3,857,122	3,868,974	3,869,439	3,861,876	174,759	172,927	162,569	151,443	4.5	4.5	4.2	3.9
Indiana	3,412,280	3,416,426	3,423,339	3,426,738	97,663	105,572	104,274	106,590	2.9	3.1	3.0	3.1
Iowa	1,718,689	1,723,883	1,728,429	1,734,824	41,486	48,308	46,778	46,268	2.4	2.8	2.7	2.7
Kansas	1,506,531	1,514,156	1,517,976	1,521,443	36,981	43,857	44,374	43,792	2.5	2.9	2.9	2.9
Kentucky	2,055,139	2,042,149	2,046,330	2,052,309	79,061	77,108	76,361	77,135	3.8	3.8	3.7	3.8
Louisiana	2,093,536	2,106,514	2,112,715	2,116,092	74,304	75,964	75,800	76,667	3.5	3.6	3.6	3.6
Maine	676,810	673,696	675,513	677,793	17,702	17,633	16,518	16,118	2.6	2.6	2.4	2.4
Maryland	3,174,985	3,177,661	3,184,819	3,195,995	99,624	86,288	78,785	75,503	3.1	2.7	2.5	2.4
Massachusetts	3,758,999	3,741,218	3,732,006	3,728,209	140,265	132,353	114,775	105,540	3.7	3.5	3.1	2.8
Michigan	4,847,298	4,851,450	4,869,162	4,895,441	191,817	199,692	186,320	179,274	4.0	4.1	3.8	3.7
Detroit-Warren-Dearborn(2)	2,116,153	2,107,249	2,111,538	2,119,373	75,459	74,039	67,478	63,960	3.6	3.5	3.2	3.0
Minnesota	3,076,008	3,084,079	3,087,667	3,096,367	72,474	87,571	87,694	89,176	2.4	2.8	2.8	2.9
Mississippi	1,256,776	1,243,231	1,245,746	1,246,780	46,138	44,011	41,923	39,916	3.7	3.5	3.4	3.2
Missouri	3,056,569	3,085,519	3,099,959	3,111,305	65,447	77,410	77,926	78,891	2.1	2.5	2.5	2.5
Montana	568,667	572,262	573,485	575,367	15,017	13,240	13,035	13,439	2.6	2.3	2.3	2.3
Nebraska	1,059,733	1,060,459	1,061,414	1,062,446	22,384	22,562	21,167	20,570	2.1	2.1	2.0	1.9
Nevada	1,547,113	1,572,677	1,575,704	1,579,670	80,940	86,653	85,725	85,152	5.2	5.5	5.4	5.4
New Hampshire	767,417	767,950	765,800	763,890	17,063	18,784	16,277	14,588	2.2	2.4	2.1	1.9
New Jersey	4,740,508	4,814,879	4,833,049	4,850,711	172,240	170,714	170,555	174,760	3.6	3.5	3.5	3.6
New Mexico	949,572	953,656	956,115	958,504	38,901	33,800	33,534	33,596	4.1	3.5	3.5	3.5
New York	9,633,295	9,659,921	9,676,461	9,703,853	398,337	391,595	384,883	382,501	4.1	4.1	4.0	3.9
New York City	4,100,927	4,148,381	4,156,557	4,171,473	226,513	221,904	222,803	222,138	5.5	5.3	5.4	5.3
North Carolina	5,167,941	5,179,562	5,191,619	5,208,894	177,491	183,074	178,830	175,754	3.4	3.5	3.4	3.4
North Dakota	414,834	416,561	418,070	419,219	8,244	8,704	8,713	8,705	2.0	2.1	2.1	2.1
Ohio	5,768,443	5,755,460	5,777,997	5,806,870	222,664	218,347	211,210	206,663	3.9	3.8	3.7	3.6
Cleveland-Elyria(2)	1,027,518	1,028,505	1,030,932	1,033,709	49,295	41,284	39,716	38,952	4.8	4.0	3.9	3.8
Oklahoma	1,888,776	1,902,396	1,909,673	1,916,155	54,481	56,853	54,463	53,540	2.9	3.0	2.9	2.8
Oregon	2,171,706	2,175,890	2,165,816	2,157,443	79,636	95,582	86,849	80,764	3.7	4.4	4.0	3.7
Pennsylvania	6,491,428	6,505,031	6,509,360	6,510,114	278,922	276,017	267,513	259,001	4.3	4.2	4.1	4.0
Rhode Island	572,701	566,181	566,707	568,433	16,975	17,356	16,964	16,801	3.0	3.1	3.0	3.0
South Carolina	2,381,220	2,393,148	2,406,269	2,420,551	75,133	76,414	75,642	75,629	3.2	3.2	3.1	3.1
South Dakota	476,052	477,191	478,820	480,593	9,361	9,186	8,980	8,914	2.0	1.9	1.9	1.9
Tennessee	3,381,397	3,338,255	3,347,540	3,359,776	109,470	113,866	110,171	109,749	3.2	3.4	3.3	3.3
Texas	14,670,702	14,898,124	14,960,347	15,009,265	555,317	599,832	605,684	616,304	3.8	4.0	4.0	4.1
Utah	1,741,923	1,773,428	1,781,489	1,792,443	38,954	41,696	41,313	41,970	2.2	2.4	2.3	2.3
Vermont	342,130	346,213	346,434	346,155	7,583	9,217	8,341	7,384	2.2	2.7	2.4	2.1
Virginia	4,428,210	4,529,061	4,550,813	4,574,349	112,638	143,569	140,260	134,334	2.5	3.2	3.1	2.9
Washington	3,982,923	4,047,314	4,057,028	4,065,501	155,078	180,382	174,456	165,266	3.9	4.5	4.3	4.1
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett(1)	1,768,849	1,787,758	1,792,609	1,802,973	48,812	53,162	52,978	54,224	2.8	3.0	3.0	3.0
West Virginia	786,778	782,365	782,182	782,425	29,567	26,866	25,965	25,639	3.8	3.4	3.3	3.3
Wisconsin	3,091,575	3,074,553	3,085,088	3,099,488	88,228	76,581	72,950	73,335	2.9	2.5	2.4	2.4
Wyoming	291,283	296,759	297,811	298,525	9,481	10,890	10,554	9,917	3.3	3.7	3.5	3.3
Puerto Rico	1,181,133	1,202,190	1,197,613	1,188,838	69,627	72,513	72,040	72,017	5.9	6.0	6.0	6.1
Footnotes (1) Metropolitan division. (2) Metropolitan statistical area. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data refer to place of residence. Data for Puerto Rico are derived from a monthly household survey similar to the Current Population Survey. Area definitions are based on Office of Management and Budget Bulletin No. 18-03, dated April 10, 2018, and are available on the BLS website at https://www.bls.gov/lau/lausmsa.htm. Estimates for the latest month are subject to revision the following month.

LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

Table 2. Civilian labor force and unemployment by state and selected area, not seasonally adjusted

State and area	Civilian labor force				Unemployed
	April		May		Number				Percent of labor force
	2022	2023	2022	2023(p)	April		May		April		May
					2022	2023	2022	2023(p)	2022	2023	2022	2023(p)
Alabama	2,279,731	2,296,492	2,286,230	2,307,803	46,317	39,983	50,476	49,384	2.0	1.7	2.2	2.1
Alaska	351,540	354,190	358,446	357,670	15,026	13,543	14,063	13,328	4.3	3.8	3.9	3.7
Arizona	3,585,396	3,650,623	3,603,906	3,686,820	126,676	117,350	133,129	134,276	3.5	3.2	3.7	3.6
Arkansas	1,367,518	1,388,027	1,371,738	1,384,271	40,040	34,174	43,450	34,372	2.9	2.5	3.2	2.5
California	19,119,845	19,310,513	19,196,922	19,307,961	763,554	828,576	701,685	864,609	4.0	4.3	3.7	4.5
Los Angeles-Long Beach-Glendale(1)	5,000,847	4,990,245	4,987,130	4,969,391	239,152	225,135	223,832	240,925	4.8	4.5	4.5	4.8
Colorado	3,179,354	3,217,118	3,186,795	3,236,746	94,032	78,574	86,830	90,877	3.0	2.4	2.7	2.8
Connecticut	1,922,393	1,868,973	1,944,890	1,886,359	77,704	56,604	80,875	69,474	4.0	3.0	4.2	3.7
Delaware	497,424	501,717	494,975	502,102	20,712	19,667	20,177	19,698	4.2	3.9	4.1	3.9
District of Columbia	386,488	386,532	387,666	391,319	16,139	17,287	16,710	19,071	4.2	4.5	4.3	4.9
Florida	10,669,485	11,011,926	10,741,092	11,021,589	287,056	253,157	292,321	296,052	2.7	2.3	2.7	2.7
Miami-Miami Beach-Kendall(1)	1,361,251	1,387,286	1,362,628	1,364,211	35,277	25,090	33,938	29,487	2.6	1.8	2.5	2.2
Georgia	5,212,849	5,284,068	5,228,331	5,299,480	133,075	144,788	149,025	181,756	2.6	2.7	2.9	3.4
Hawaii	673,544	679,552	673,796	671,927	21,176	18,289	21,733	17,744	3.1	2.7	3.2	2.6
Idaho	941,485	953,468	950,770	965,118	23,662	24,549	22,303	26,004	2.5	2.6	2.3	2.7
Illinois	6,435,143	6,444,625	6,455,149	6,378,771	278,159	237,513	281,171	231,418	4.3	3.7	4.4	3.6
Chicago-Naperville-Arlington Heights(1)	3,834,246	3,837,098	3,849,976	3,796,476	166,784	124,252	173,864	122,058	4.3	3.2	4.5	3.2
Indiana	3,384,029	3,423,283	3,405,791	3,421,867	84,509	89,434	95,120	121,060	2.5	2.6	2.8	3.5
Iowa	1,706,104	1,734,956	1,707,944	1,737,711	35,583	40,476	39,033	45,806	2.1	2.3	2.3	2.6
Kansas	1,495,524	1,517,491	1,500,797	1,518,343	31,300	42,263	36,614	40,894	2.1	2.8	2.4	2.7
Kentucky	2,046,354	2,054,682	2,053,884	2,062,436	69,639	67,115	78,429	79,345	3.4	3.3	3.8	3.8
Louisiana	2,086,075	2,111,151	2,087,581	2,106,815	67,134	67,691	72,898	82,195	3.2	3.2	3.5	3.9
Maine	670,779	675,254	673,215	678,412	20,062	16,180	18,923	17,653	3.0	2.4	2.8	2.6
Maryland	3,150,518	3,182,403	3,157,874	3,191,400	91,435	58,898	97,863	70,018	2.9	1.9	3.1	2.2
Massachusetts	3,721,504	3,709,917	3,726,911	3,682,046	128,630	90,446	134,145	84,244	3.5	2.4	3.6	2.3
Michigan	4,801,789	4,884,860	4,853,063	4,970,486	191,439	140,062	200,435	186,699	4.0	2.9	4.1	3.8
Detroit-Warren-Dearborn(2)	2,088,663	2,093,401	2,094,998	2,118,726	73,912	41,859	78,151	64,882	3.5	2.0	3.7	3.1
Minnesota	3,054,785	3,089,653	3,076,643	3,119,942	66,642	89,711	66,382	91,700	2.2	2.9	2.2	2.9
Mississippi	1,254,814	1,250,793	1,258,261	1,242,868	43,420	34,021	47,145	37,388	3.5	2.7	3.7	3.0
Missouri	3,051,721	3,131,211	3,069,864	3,139,913	62,551	75,889	69,447	90,820	2.0	2.4	2.3	2.9
Montana	565,384	574,167	567,905	579,106	15,122	13,568	13,415	13,839	2.7	2.4	2.4	2.4
Nebraska	1,057,257	1,062,906	1,062,770	1,065,527	20,693	19,233	22,263	21,970	2.0	1.8	2.1	2.1
Nevada	1,531,783	1,579,087	1,547,500	1,586,849	80,002	81,336	81,089	83,602	5.2	5.2	5.2	5.3
New Hampshire	758,136	752,672	760,641	752,116	16,716	9,078	15,970	11,453	2.2	1.2	2.1	1.5
New Jersey	4,699,368	4,840,452	4,719,435	4,850,755	173,783	149,886	166,718	186,937	3.7	3.1	3.5	3.9
New Mexico	944,896	951,027	943,758	952,661	38,773	29,346	36,656	32,038	4.1	3.1	3.9	3.4
New York	9,561,873	9,652,682	9,611,179	9,723,029	394,699	355,865	379,712	372,547	4.1	3.7	4.0	3.8
New York City	4,072,173	4,132,960	4,076,313	4,169,630	231,660	218,071	219,812	213,612	5.7	5.3	5.4	5.1
North Carolina	5,153,229	5,214,964	5,178,101	5,249,919	166,051	163,277	184,479	179,804	3.2	3.1	3.6	3.4
North Dakota	412,090	418,924	415,619	421,229	8,712	8,963	7,185	7,980	2.1	2.1	1.7	1.9
Ohio	5,730,783	5,804,955	5,762,614	5,850,786	214,429	183,450	211,387	197,922	3.7	3.2	3.7	3.4
Cleveland-Elyria(2)	1,020,623	1,029,768	1,027,675	1,034,421	48,760	34,760	50,203	39,727	4.8	3.4	4.9	3.8
Oklahoma	1,871,136	1,915,793	1,890,935	1,928,641	47,928	42,407	55,869	55,196	2.6	2.2	3.0	2.9
Oregon	2,162,222	2,126,521	2,157,494	2,126,788	77,169	60,389	72,603	68,105	3.6	2.8	3.4	3.2
Pennsylvania	6,433,960	6,446,265	6,504,345	6,493,270	254,172	203,069	266,285	229,662	4.0	3.2	4.1	3.5
Rhode Island	565,944	562,607	569,184	569,568	15,825	13,801	16,142	15,817	2.8	2.5	2.8	2.8
South Carolina	2,372,817	2,433,399	2,383,773	2,446,950	62,445	59,369	70,355	68,736	2.6	2.4	3.0	2.8
South Dakota	473,235	481,478	477,236	484,604	9,547	9,741	8,977	9,034	2.0	2.0	1.9	1.9
Tennessee	3,379,677	3,355,638	3,375,814	3,370,833	103,843	87,065	106,909	109,428	3.1	2.6	3.2	3.2
Texas	14,592,934	15,019,920	14,616,414	14,968,635	516,170	551,311	531,312	613,801	3.5	3.7	3.6	4.1
Utah	1,725,736	1,788,955	1,737,045	1,812,321	38,004	40,086	38,517	44,671	2.2	2.2	2.2	2.5
Vermont	338,411	341,667	340,106	341,510	8,429	6,583	7,532	5,707	2.5	1.9	2.2	1.7
Virginia	4,415,574	4,569,901	4,436,434	4,607,280	105,061	113,021	127,927	123,312	2.4	2.5	2.9	2.7
Washington	3,951,368	4,038,958	3,967,534	4,048,898	146,250	141,922	149,185	134,024	3.7	3.5	3.8	3.3
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett(1)	1,761,490	1,802,364	1,770,012	1,829,160	40,173	47,110	45,164	58,617	2.3	2.6	2.6	3.2
West Virginia	783,246	780,798	788,108	784,480	28,683	26,765	27,388	26,708	3.7	3.4	3.5	3.4
Wisconsin	3,065,443	3,097,090	3,074,106	3,119,249	85,327	70,383	86,428	83,578	2.8	2.3	2.8	2.7
Wyoming	287,297	296,521	290,111	297,071	9,770	9,927	9,911	8,108	3.4	3.3	3.4	2.7
Puerto Rico	1,199,229	1,177,329	1,186,541	1,166,614	69,850	66,459	69,504	71,266	5.8	5.6	5.9	6.1
Footnotes (1) Metropolitan division. (2) Metropolitan statistical area. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data refer to place of residence. Data for Puerto Rico are derived from a monthly household survey similar to the Current Population Survey. Area definitions are based on Office of Management and Budget Bulletin No. 18-03, dated April 10, 2018, and are available on the BLS website at https://www.bls.gov/lau/lausmsa.htm. Estimates for the latest month are subject to revision the following month.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
Table 3. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by state and selected industry sector, seasonally adjusted [In thousands]

State	Total(1)				Construction				Manufacturing
	May 2022	Mar. 2023	Apr. 2023	May 2023(p)	May 2022	Mar. 2023	Apr. 2023	May 2023(p)	May 2022	Mar. 2023	Apr. 2023	May 2023(p)
Alabama	2,105.0	2,141.3	2,146.3	2,149.0	99.0	100.8	100.6	100.8	273.0	277.2	276.8	276.4
Alaska	318.9	324.6	325.3	324.7	16.2	16.5	16.0	16.0	12.5	12.1	11.6	11.1
Arizona	3,094.7	3,146.2	3,154.8	3,151.5	193.5	196.6	197.4	196.4	191.9	196.7	196.1	196.4
Arkansas	1,326.4	1,352.3	1,356.8	1,362.7	56.8	60.8	61.9	62.6	162.5	163.9	163.7	164.8
California	17,660.7	17,971.0	18,040.9	18,088.2	913.4	905.3	912.4	918.9	1,334.8	1,344.4	1,344.1	1,338.4
Colorado(2)	2,870.3	2,890.5	2,896.6	2,900.5	183.5	180.9	183.5	181.7	153.3	154.3	153.1	154.4
Connecticut	1,666.6	1,685.3	1,686.5	1,691.5	60.8	59.9	59.4	59.2	156.8	158.3	157.5	157.7
Delaware(3)	470.1	482.8	483.7	485.7	23.2	24.8	24.2	24.4	26.0	27.1	27.2	27.3
District of Columbia(3)	765.1	773.1	772.7	776.4	15.5	15.5	15.6	15.6	1.1	1.0	1.0	1.0
Florida	9,379.5	9,683.5	9,708.6	9,726.1	598.2	605.5	604.9	604.4	407.7	417.6	419.0	418.1
Georgia	4,790.4	4,883.9	4,893.9	4,908.5	213.3	219.5	218.9	220.7	415.9	418.3	417.6	416.6
Hawaii(3)	611.4	632.1	631.2	631.0	36.9	38.1	37.2	37.1	12.5	12.8	12.8	12.8
Idaho	821.8	846.8	846.2	847.2	65.0	68.4	69.4	69.1	73.1	72.5	72.4	72.2
Illinois	6,009.4	6,118.4	6,127.2	6,129.7	229.4	233.2	234.5	232.1	567.9	568.2	570.5	568.8
Indiana	3,182.4	3,245.7	3,255.8	3,266.7	154.2	165.2	163.3	160.8	540.5	541.7	540.4	538.3
Iowa	1,565.0	1,593.1	1,596.6	1,596.4	80.2	84.1	84.5	84.4	223.3	226.8	228.8	227.4
Kansas	1,409.8	1,441.8	1,443.1	1,441.6	64.6	67.5	66.7	66.7	168.3	171.7	172.3	172.6
Kentucky	1,954.1	2,002.4	2,003.1	2,005.9	81.8	86.6	85.5	86.1	251.8	258.6	259.7	261.4
Louisiana	1,914.5	1,950.7	1,958.3	1,962.9	128.8	132.9	134.8	136.5	133.1	137.0	137.5	137.6
Maine	637.8	645.2	645.7	646.9	32.5	33.2	33.4	33.4	54.4	54.3	54.8	55.0
Maryland	2,702.4	2,731.2	2,736.7	2,739.2	160.3	161.6	161.7	162.7	109.1	110.1	109.7	110.0
Massachusetts	3,660.6	3,754.1	3,760.0	3,765.7	169.3	174.8	175.7	176.3	238.4	238.8	238.4	239.1
Michigan	4,358.0	4,414.8	4,425.6	4,440.1	183.6	190.2	190.6	191.3	600.2	606.9	607.6	609.5
Minnesota	2,927.7	2,974.7	2,979.0	2,986.7	133.2	133.6	134.5	135.5	323.9	326.5	326.0	326.0
Mississippi	1,162.1	1,176.9	1,178.4	1,178.7	45.3	48.1	47.8	46.8	148.9	147.3	147.6	147.8
Missouri	2,922.1	2,969.9	2,974.0	2,977.7	138.8	138.3	137.3	137.6	282.0	291.1	291.4	292.0
Montana	508.0	516.7	517.0	515.1	35.8	38.4	38.1	37.6	22.2	22.8	22.9	23.1
Nebraska	1,020.4	1,044.4	1,043.0	1,039.8	56.1	61.6	60.8	60.5	103.4	105.8	105.8	105.8
Nevada	1,485.6	1,543.2	1,539.4	1,540.9	104.6	111.9	110.6	111.2	66.0	67.7	67.4	67.0
New Hampshire	684.0	700.7	699.3	701.5	30.0	30.9	30.7	31.0	70.4	71.6	71.3	71.3
New Jersey	4,242.2	4,316.5	4,326.0	4,335.8	163.2	166.6	166.6	165.3	250.2	253.4	253.2	252.5
New Mexico	845.7	865.9	865.5	868.2	49.7	50.5	50.9	51.4	29.0	29.4	29.6	29.7
New York	9,477.5	9,698.0	9,665.8	9,696.2	385.4	402.9	397.6	398.3	424.5	424.8	423.7	423.1
North Carolina	4,786.5	4,887.7	4,895.1	4,901.5	246.2	253.2	252.9	250.5	473.6	477.7	477.2	477.4
North Dakota	425.5	433.9	434.0	434.6	25.8	26.1	25.5	25.6	27.4	27.4	27.2	27.2
Ohio	5,529.2	5,590.5	5,608.0	5,614.6	233.0	239.7	240.6	241.4	682.5	691.5	692.1	691.8
Oklahoma	1,693.9	1,725.2	1,726.0	1,727.9	78.9	83.3	83.6	83.5	132.2	135.4	135.4	134.8
Oregon	1,940.2	1,988.3	1,988.8	1,992.4	114.5	122.7	122.3	122.5	193.1	195.8	194.9	194.9
Pennsylvania	5,971.0	6,106.1	6,114.6	6,122.5	258.5	264.8	265.3	263.9	563.1	567.9	566.9	566.3
Rhode Island	496.4	499.4	495.5	494.3	20.9	23.4	22.5	21.4	40.3	39.9	39.7	40.2
South Carolina	2,237.4	2,284.5	2,292.0	2,300.6	108.0	109.7	109.8	110.2	260.8	262.1	262.0	261.2
South Dakota	450.7	459.8	461.1	460.4	25.8	25.6	26.1	25.4	45.1	46.1	45.9	45.8
Tennessee	3,237.1	3,310.8	3,309.4	3,312.1	145.2	151.3	151.3	151.2	363.8	368.6	368.9	369.8
Texas	13,388.9	13,837.8	13,867.7	13,918.7	775.1	806.3	796.4	796.2	922.7	948.9	949.2	948.8
Utah	1,676.4	1,714.1	1,720.3	1,728.8	130.2	137.0	136.3	136.1	151.5	153.4	153.3	153.0
Vermont	303.7	308.6	309.5	308.2	15.5	15.9	15.7	15.5	29.1	28.8	28.5	28.2
Virginia	4,055.4	4,136.7	4,140.0	4,146.9	207.6	213.4	212.5	215.1	244.9	245.6	246.0	245.3
Washington	3,517.3	3,618.0	3,623.6	3,626.5	230.9	233.2	237.6	238.3	267.7	275.2	275.5	277.8
West Virginia	697.0	699.6	698.5	699.2	31.5	30.9	31.1	31.1	47.2	45.7	45.5	45.6
Wisconsin	2,954.3	2,999.8	3,001.9	2,995.5	130.0	131.9	134.6	134.9	480.6	485.3	484.7	481.4
Wyoming	282.7	289.5	289.1	289.7	21.1	21.7	21.8	22.0	10.1	10.7	10.6	10.6
Puerto Rico	916.9	945.6	949.8	951.8	32.5	35.3	35.9	36.6	81.6	83.4	83.3	83.5
Virgin Islands(4)	34.5	35.3	35.0	35.1	2.0	2.1	2.1	2.1	-	-	-	-
Footnotes (1) Includes mining and logging, information, and other services (except public administration), not shown separately. (2) Data for Colorado featured in this table were incorrectly published on May 19, 2023. BLS corrected the data in the LABSTAT database on June 16, 2023. See https://www.bls.gov/bls/errata/sae_errata.htm for a complete listing of impacted series and BLS products. (3) Mining and logging is combined with construction. (4) Missing series (denoted by '-') are not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are counts of jobs by place of work. Estimates are currently estimated from 2022 benchmark levels. Estimates subsequent to the current benchmarks are preliminary and will be revised when new information becomes available.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
Table 3. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by state and selected industry sector, seasonally adjusted-Continued [In thousands]

State	Trade, transportation, and utilities				Financial activities				Professional and business services
	May 2022	Mar. 2023	Apr. 2023	May 2023(p)	May 2022	Mar. 2023	Apr. 2023	May 2023(p)	May 2022	Mar. 2023	Apr. 2023	May 2023(p)
Alabama	405.0	407.8	408.9	409.4	101.3	102.9	103.7	103.2	261.9	267.3	269.1	270.1
Alaska	63.7	65.4	65.2	65.1	11.1	11.2	11.3	11.3	27.2	28.3	28.4	28.3
Arizona	606.0	603.4	605.8	606.1	249.2	251.5	250.5	248.3	468.2	476.7	480.0	476.4
Arkansas	268.5	275.8	274.8	273.8	70.4	70.0	70.5	71.1	152.2	151.9	152.1	153.7
California	3,142.3	3,143.5	3,151.7	3,153.5	845.0	845.5	849.1	850.9	2,868.5	2,899.2	2,908.1	2,919.8
Colorado	503.1	496.6	496.1	496.3	182.8	174.7	173.4	172.2	485.0	492.2	493.9	492.0
Connecticut	299.0	297.1	298.8	300.5	118.8	115.0	114.8	114.9	221.6	226.0	224.5	224.6
Delaware	89.2	91.1	90.9	91.6	48.1	50.2	50.3	50.3	65.6	67.4	67.6	67.9
District of Columbia	30.2	30.3	30.2	30.4	27.5	28.3	28.1	28.2	174.4	174.7	174.4	174.7
Florida	1,925.9	1,977.4	1,975.5	1,973.9	663.7	677.3	679.7	682.3	1,577.4	1,608.7	1,619.7	1,625.9
Georgia	1,030.1	1,025.4	1,028.3	1,030.1	272.9	278.3	279.6	281.6	777.1	773.4	775.3	775.7
Hawaii	114.5	116.3	116.3	117.4	27.7	27.6	27.4	27.3	71.0	72.2	72.7	72.9
Idaho	161.4	161.9	162.2	162.5	41.1	41.4	41.2	40.7	107.3	111.1	110.9	110.8
Illinois	1,217.2	1,222.3	1,222.3	1,222.6	402.4	404.5	410.2	412.1	975.9	974.8	974.4	974.5
Indiana	630.8	638.5	639.1	639.0	147.0	149.5	150.7	151.0	367.9	376.6	380.4	382.5
Iowa	313.1	312.3	313.9	314.0	108.6	109.0	108.8	108.7	145.7	145.6	144.0	143.8
Kansas	272.2	274.4	275.8	274.9	75.8	76.0	76.6	77.2	179.8	185.4	184.2	183.1
Kentucky	422.8	433.5	433.3	432.0	97.0	94.9	95.0	94.5	228.3	229.4	230.6	230.4
Louisiana	374.3	370.1	370.7	371.2	89.1	92.7	93.2	93.7	220.1	220.8	223.1	223.6
Maine	118.8	120.5	120.0	119.9	33.7	34.4	34.0	34.0	75.8	76.9	76.7	76.9
Maryland	477.1	475.5	476.5	475.4	134.9	135.8	135.0	133.8	474.1	469.5	470.2	471.0
Massachusetts	564.9	571.5	571.6	572.9	225.7	232.1	232.5	231.9	631.5	652.9	653.6	654.0
Michigan	805.1	810.3	811.0	813.4	234.1	228.2	228.4	228.4	659.1	660.2	663.9	666.8
Minnesota	526.6	529.5	531.6	530.5	191.5	191.1	189.9	189.7	386.9	389.6	387.5	390.4
Mississippi	242.7	245.6	246.4	246.8	44.1	44.6	44.5	44.1	118.2	116.8	116.8	117.8
Missouri	557.5	558.8	558.8	557.7	185.1	188.0	186.6	186.0	383.6	389.3	392.8	396.6
Montana	99.4	100.5	100.7	99.6	28.2	28.9	28.9	28.7	49.6	51.0	50.2	49.5
Nebraska	196.1	197.3	198.3	197.5	71.4	70.1	69.9	69.7	121.9	121.7	119.9	118.2
Nevada	292.1	295.1	295.1	294.3	76.8	75.4	75.8	75.4	211.3	220.6	221.4	222.1
New Hampshire	138.8	139.9	139.4	140.4	34.5	34.2	34.6	34.9	95.3	102.0	103.2	103.5
New Jersey	912.2	919.7	922.3	922.0	260.0	258.0	259.0	259.6	725.0	721.5	725.3	724.3
New Mexico	143.4	142.2	141.6	141.8	35.0	34.6	34.8	34.8	115.1	120.1	120.1	119.3
New York	1,482.4	1,474.7	1,463.9	1,467.7	725.2	735.5	734.0	734.4	1,357.0	1,389.3	1,386.1	1,385.6
North Carolina	918.6	924.1	928.1	930.6	292.0	295.5	296.7	295.4	734.4	749.7	751.2	754.4
North Dakota	90.7	91.9	91.5	92.1	24.4	24.4	24.4	24.2	34.4	35.1	35.2	34.8
Ohio	1,058.9	1,051.2	1,054.2	1,058.0	318.0	321.8	321.5	318.3	746.7	741.3	743.1	737.9
Oklahoma	321.9	323.3	321.8	322.5	80.9	81.4	81.6	81.0	203.2	204.5	204.6	205.5
Oregon	367.0	367.0	366.3	366.7	105.5	106.2	106.6	107.8	262.8	270.8	271.4	271.6
Pennsylvania	1,143.3	1,158.0	1,155.2	1,157.8	333.4	340.5	340.3	340.7	842.6	859.0	862.3	866.0
Rhode Island	76.5	76.7	76.2	76.6	35.4	35.3	35.2	35.4	70.6	69.6	68.1	67.3
South Carolina	433.0	439.2	439.4	440.3	117.3	119.4	120.7	122.2	309.1	309.7	314.1	315.5
South Dakota	88.5	92.0	92.6	93.4	28.0	27.8	27.8	27.5	36.6	36.6	37.6	38.2
Tennessee	676.6	684.7	681.4	681.5	175.1	173.7	174.3	174.4	464.6	472.4	471.4	469.5
Texas	2,704.5	2,763.3	2,771.1	2,782.9	875.6	902.9	906.0	908.6	2,063.3	2,119.4	2,130.0	2,151.5
Utah	313.4	317.0	315.2	314.9	98.2	96.2	96.6	96.6	247.1	250.8	252.2	252.8
Vermont	51.8	52.8	52.8	52.3	12.1	12.2	12.2	12.1	31.8	33.3	33.1	33.1
Virginia	665.2	665.5	665.5	665.9	215.8	213.9	216.4	216.2	802.5	814.8	811.3	815.2
Washington	613.0	621.1	622.3	624.5	165.5	167.9	169.0	169.8	545.6	559.2	558.3	556.2
West Virginia	122.9	123.3	123.0	123.0	25.3	25.4	25.3	25.3	72.5	71.3	71.5	71.5
Wisconsin	549.9	555.6	555.2	557.2	158.7	160.6	161.3	160.1	328.2	324.7	326.1	326.2
Wyoming	52.1	52.5	52.3	52.8	11.5	11.6	11.9	11.6	20.4	20.9	20.3	20.2
Puerto Rico	182.5	185.7	185.6	185.7	46.6	46.9	46.8	47.2	138.0	142.7	145.3	145.2
Virgin Islands(1)	6.6	6.9	6.8	6.8	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Footnotes (1) Missing series (denoted by '-') are not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are counts of jobs by place of work. Estimates are currently estimated from 2022 benchmark levels. Estimates subsequent to the current benchmarks are preliminary and will be revised when new information becomes available.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
Table 3. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by state and selected industry sector, seasonally adjusted-Continued [In thousands]

State	Education and health services				Leisure and hospitality				Government
	May 2022	Mar. 2023	Apr. 2023	May 2023(p)	May 2022	Mar. 2023	Apr. 2023	May 2023(p)	May 2022	Mar. 2023	Apr. 2023	May 2023(p)
Alabama	247.1	253.4	254.6	254.8	195.5	201.5	201.5	200.9	391.7	397.6	398.0	399.4
Alaska	50.2	50.3	50.6	50.8	34.0	35.7	36.3	36.7	77.3	78.4	78.7	78.7
Arizona	479.2	498.2	499.9	500.4	334.0	344.2	345.1	346.4	410.7	418.9	420.6	422.6
Arkansas	198.3	203.0	203.2	204.2	120.9	126.7	130.2	131.7	207.9	208.9	209.2	209.1
California	2,916.3	3,041.5	3,063.7	3,080.1	1,920.2	2,021.5	2,036.6	2,046.4	2,526.0	2,571.2	2,574.2	2,576.4
Colorado(1)	352.8	354.6	354.8	354.8	337.7	350.3	356.0	358.9	447.5	462.8	463.6	464.7
Connecticut	341.0	352.0	352.4	351.2	148.7	153.8	154.1	156.7	227.0	229.7	230.7	230.9
Delaware	79.4	79.7	79.9	80.3	49.1	51.9	52.6	53.4	67.0	68.3	68.4	68.3
District of Columbia	123.6	123.5	122.8	123.8	66.7	75.9	75.5	76.4	238.4	234.3	234.7	235.3
Florida	1,381.2	1,460.2	1,471.7	1,480.5	1,232.1	1,312.7	1,314.6	1,318.3	1,089.4	1,110.6	1,112.3	1,112.6
Georgia	623.8	653.6	657.2	661.8	480.7	516.5	517.9	521.1	675.4	688.4	689.6	691.2
Hawaii	86.1	86.3	86.9	87.3	110.7	120.1	119.0	117.8	118.6	122.6	122.7	122.4
Idaho	120.2	125.7	125.1	126.6	88.1	92.4	91.3	91.6	125.5	131.7	131.6	131.7
Illinois	925.3	958.2	961.3	962.5	560.1	594.1	593.6	595.0	782.5	810.9	810.2	812.8
Indiana	471.9	481.7	485.3	486.4	300.4	316.8	319.3	316.8	411.3	414.8	415.9	429.1
Iowa	225.7	235.5	236.4	237.3	135.3	141.0	141.6	141.4	256.3	260.6	261.5	261.8
Kansas	197.7	204.8	205.2	203.9	126.8	133.7	133.3	132.9	250.3	254.2	254.8	255.5
Kentucky	286.5	296.2	295.4	297.8	192.5	201.5	199.7	197.2	298.3	303.2	304.9	306.7
Louisiana	321.7	335.6	337.0	338.8	211.6	221.6	219.2	218.5	310.4	314.3	316.9	317.1
Maine	125.3	127.8	127.7	128.2	66.2	66.5	67.2	67.0	99.3	99.7	99.8	100.4
Maryland	443.5	457.0	457.2	457.8	247.7	256.6	256.1	256.1	512.7	520.3	525.5	527.0
Massachusetts	804.4	829.7	833.5	836.2	347.0	360.5	358.7	358.2	448.5	458.2	459.4	460.8
Michigan	658.9	675.5	677.9	678.1	402.9	414.9	414.9	420.4	586.8	603.3	605.7	606.6
Minnesota	547.0	559.5	561.5	563.4	254.1	270.0	272.5	274.8	406.1	415.0	415.3	416.7
Mississippi	143.4	149.0	150.1	151.1	132.2	136.4	135.9	135.2	231.9	233.5	233.5	233.4
Missouri	487.9	493.8	496.6	496.6	296.3	310.7	309.3	310.3	424.8	429.7	430.3	430.7
Montana	80.7	82.7	83.1	83.7	70.2	71.3	71.4	71.1	90.0	89.4	89.6	89.6
Nebraska	155.2	160.2	160.7	161.1	91.1	97.4	97.6	97.5	169.6	172.3	172.1	171.9
Nevada	157.2	168.0	168.0	169.8	335.7	356.1	353.3	352.9	166.5	171.7	173.0	173.3
New Hampshire	121.4	124.7	124.2	125.4	70.5	73.7	72.2	71.4	86.0	86.3	86.7	86.8
New Jersey	728.2	767.5	771.0	776.4	376.5	398.0	397.8	399.3	584.6	585.5	584.2	588.1
New Mexico	140.9	145.6	146.1	146.3	93.4	97.3	96.8	98.9	179.6	183.9	182.7	183.0
New York	2,136.5	2,213.5	2,206.3	2,223.4	859.4	920.2	919.8	930.7	1,427.1	1,446.6	1,447.5	1,446.8
North Carolina	649.9	672.4	675.8	677.0	499.2	527.6	525.0	529.3	718.5	723.1	723.1	723.8
North Dakota	66.4	68.0	67.9	67.9	38.7	40.1	40.7	41.0	81.5	81.9	82.1	81.8
Ohio	900.5	923.6	927.4	932.8	537.8	557.9	563.8	564.8	766.9	769.9	769.6	770.3
Oklahoma	240.9	247.0	246.9	246.9	172.0	182.1	183.2	183.2	349.2	352.4	352.6	353.2
Oregon	303.2	311.7	312.3	312.7	197.0	204.7	204.5	205.6	292.8	302.5	302.2	301.9
Pennsylvania	1,256.4	1,297.4	1,303.4	1,304.2	533.2	559.5	562.5	562.6	677.0	684.6	684.8	685.6
Rhode Island	104.7	104.1	104.2	104.6	57.2	57.7	57.1	56.5	63.1	65.0	64.7	64.8
South Carolina	263.7	275.7	276.3	278.6	262.9	275.6	277.0	279.9	366.6	374.2	373.5	372.2
South Dakota	75.0	76.4	76.2	75.9	48.0	50.1	49.9	49.5	79.5	80.9	80.9	80.7
Tennessee	448.8	463.0	466.0	469.7	340.4	362.2	360.3	360.0	438.7	445.4	447.2	447.2
Texas	1,790.9	1,869.6	1,874.5	1,881.3	1,398.9	1,468.8	1,468.6	1,465.6	1,986.1	2,035.9	2,041.2	2,043.9
Utah	224.3	231.0	231.3	233.0	160.6	167.7	172.5	178.3	252.5	258.4	258.9	259.6
Vermont	61.7	62.4	62.6	62.4	33.5	33.2	34.4	34.4	53.1	54.7	55.1	55.0
Virginia	552.8	573.8	576.0	577.7	386.4	408.4	409.8	409.7	713.7	727.8	728.6	728.9
Washington	511.9	534.2	537.0	541.2	325.0	343.7	343.7	341.4	563.0	580.0	578.5	577.9
West Virginia	127.8	130.0	129.6	129.6	70.0	70.2	69.7	70.3	148.4	149.1	148.5	148.0
Wisconsin	455.4	467.2	466.0	465.2	264.8	272.7	272.1	268.2	391.9	402.8	402.6	403.2
Wyoming	28.5	29.9	29.6	29.8	36.9	38.1	37.9	37.5	66.9	68.2	68.2	68.4
Puerto Rico	120.1	124.4	124.6	125.0	85.2	92.2	93.0	93.6	193.9	198.9	198.9	198.6
Virgin Islands	2.3	2.5	2.5	2.5	6.2	6.1	6.0	6.2	10.8	10.9	10.8	10.9
Footnotes (1) Data for Colorado featured in this table were incorrectly published on May 19, 2023. BLS corrected the data in the LABSTAT database on June 16, 2023. See https://www.bls.gov/bls/errata/sae_errata.htm for a complete listing of impacted series and BLS products. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are counts of jobs by place of work. Estimates are currently estimated from 2022 benchmark levels. Estimates subsequent to the current benchmarks are preliminary and will be revised when new information becomes available.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
Table 4. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by state and selected industry sector, not seasonally adjusted [In thousands]

State	Total				Mining and logging				Construction
	April		May		April		May		April		May
	2022	2023	2022	2023(p)	2022	2023	2022	2023(p)	2022	2023	2022	2023(p)
Alabama	2,102.9	2,144.4	2,106.0	2,146.5	9.1	8.4	9.1	8.4	99.4	100.4	99.4	100.2
Alaska	312.5	319.9	323.2	328.9	10.8	10.8	10.8	10.6	14.9	14.8	16.9	16.2
Arizona	3,098.5	3,158.2	3,090.5	3,139.1	12.7	13.9	12.7	14.2	191.8	197.1	193.8	195.8
Arkansas	1,326.9	1,360.5	1,332.2	1,368.9	5.1	4.8	5.1	4.9	56.2	61.2	56.9	62.5
California	17,627.2	18,022.8	17,694.2	18,097.3	19.5	19.9	19.7	20.0	911.2	909.6	917.2	922.7
Colorado	2,865.4	2,887.4	2,870.8	2,896.3	20.6	22.1	20.7	21.8	182.2	181.9	184.5	183.2
Connecticut	1,662.3	1,676.8	1,673.5	1,697.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	61.4	59.2	62.2	60.6
Delaware(1)	471.5	481.2	472.3	487.0	-	-	-	-	23.9	24.1	23.4	24.6
District of Columbia(1)	761.4	770.6	760.5	774.0	-	-	-	-	15.3	15.5	15.4	15.6
Florida	9,387.3	9,717.8	9,387.7	9,719.2	5.5	5.8	5.6	5.8	595.9	604.2	598.6	606.8
Georgia	4,778.8	4,885.8	4,791.1	4,901.0	9.7	9.8	9.7	9.9	212.3	217.8	213.7	223.2
Hawaii(1)	615.3	632.4	614.8	633.5	-	-	-	-	37.1	37.3	36.8	36.7
Idaho	819.0	844.1	824.5	848.7	3.8	4.1	4.0	4.2	64.2	69.2	65.4	69.2
Illinois	5,989.9	6,106.4	6,030.3	6,150.1	6.9	7.0	7.0	7.0	225.3	228.4	235.7	237.8
Indiana	3,173.1	3,255.3	3,195.1	3,274.6	5.7	5.9	5.8	6.0	152.4	164.1	156.9	165.7
Iowa	1,569.8	1,596.1	1,575.8	1,606.9	2.3	2.3	2.3	2.3	79.9	83.4	83.0	87.1
Kansas	1,414.3	1,446.5	1,419.0	1,447.9	6.1	6.4	6.1	6.4	64.1	66.8	65.1	67.5
Kentucky	1,950.8	2,005.3	1,959.0	2,011.3	8.0	8.7	8.1	8.7	81.5	84.4	82.7	86.5
Louisiana	1,914.7	1,959.5	1,918.9	1,965.2	30.4	33.4	30.7	33.2	129.6	135.4	129.2	137.5
Maine	629.2	632.6	638.6	646.9	1.7	1.8	1.7	1.8	31.8	31.8	33.2	34.0
Maryland	2,695.0	2,733.6	2,713.5	2,749.8	1.3	1.4	1.3	1.4	159.2	160.6	160.2	163.4
Massachusetts	3,651.3	3,745.8	3,672.3	3,769.8	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.1	168.8	173.5	172.4	178.2
Michigan	4,344.4	4,397.3	4,380.2	4,459.1	6.9	7.4	7.2	7.6	180.1	184.2	189.3	195.0
Minnesota	2,908.4	2,951.0	2,946.9	3,003.4	6.3	6.4	6.7	6.6	124.7	125.4	138.0	139.6
Mississippi	1,161.6	1,177.2	1,161.9	1,179.1	6.0	6.1	6.0	6.1	45.4	47.9	45.5	46.6
Missouri	2,925.2	2,979.9	2,940.2	2,989.4	4.4	4.5	4.4	4.6	137.6	135.5	140.4	137.1
Montana	505.6	513.9	511.4	518.3	6.6	6.6	6.7	6.7	35.5	37.2	36.8	38.4
Nebraska	1,021.3	1,042.7	1,026.1	1,044.5	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	57.2	60.9	57.5	61.4
Nevada	1,481.2	1,539.6	1,488.7	1,547.3	15.1	15.2	15.1	15.2	104.8	111.8	106.0	112.8
New Hampshire	682.6	696.3	686.3	703.2	0.9	0.9	1.0	0.9	29.7	30.2	30.5	31.5
New Jersey	4,216.6	4,298.0	4,257.0	4,344.2	1.6	1.8	1.7	1.8	162.8	166.0	165.6	167.6
New Mexico	848.2	866.1	848.5	869.4	20.3	23.3	20.3	23.6	49.9	50.9	50.1	52.0
New York	9,436.8	9,639.4	9,510.2	9,727.0	5.3	5.4	5.6	5.4	381.8	392.7	391.7	402.1
North Carolina	4,779.5	4,897.8	4,812.2	4,921.8	5.6	5.5	5.6	5.5	245.8	251.7	247.4	250.8
North Dakota	422.1	431.3	429.1	437.9	15.3	18.7	15.9	19.1	24.1	23.6	26.5	26.3
Ohio	5,522.3	5,594.7	5,560.7	5,644.4	8.9	9.5	9.0	9.5	231.3	238.8	239.6	248.2
Oklahoma	1,694.1	1,729.4	1,697.7	1,733.9	30.0	31.4	30.2	31.6	79.0	83.2	78.9	83.6
Oregon	1,940.6	1,985.9	1,945.1	2,000.3	6.3	6.4	6.3	6.4	113.8	120.3	114.6	123.1
Pennsylvania	5,976.3	6,118.9	6,001.7	6,144.5	22.0	23.0	22.3	23.4	259.9	263.7	264.1	267.9
Rhode Island	496.8	492.1	501.8	497.0	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	20.9	22.1	21.4	21.9
South Carolina	2,235.0	2,287.1	2,246.2	2,305.4	4.4	4.5	4.4	4.5	108.4	108.9	108.6	110.2
South Dakota	448.4	457.1	455.8	464.0	1.1	1.2	1.2	1.2	25.2	24.6	26.7	26.4
Tennessee	3,230.6	3,308.4	3,239.1	3,309.3	4.4	4.4	4.5	4.3	143.8	151.2	145.8	152.0
Texas	13,339.7	13,845.8	13,391.2	13,913.3	195.8	213.0	197.4	220.1	773.2	788.8	777.8	794.6
Utah	1,676.8	1,718.7	1,678.2	1,727.1	9.7	10.2	9.8	10.4	129.4	133.8	131.2	135.9
Vermont	302.8	305.5	302.3	304.1	0.8	0.7	0.9	0.8	15.1	14.9	16.0	16.0
Virginia	4,052.3	4,137.1	4,054.1	4,152.6	7.1	7.1	7.1	7.0	208.1	211.7	208.6	215.2
Washington	3,499.8	3,618.5	3,521.3	3,633.2	5.4	5.7	5.5	5.8	228.3	236.9	231.7	237.8
West Virginia	696.2	698.4	708.6	703.0	19.5	21.5	19.7	22.1	31.7	30.6	32.4	31.5
Wisconsin	2,946.2	2,992.2	2,966.7	3,004.7	3.6	3.7	3.7	3.8	126.9	131.3	133.1	138.1
Wyoming	279.4	285.6	284.3	290.2	16.0	17.1	16.1	16.9	20.8	21.2	21.7	22.3
Puerto Rico	910.4	949.4	909.4	951.6	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.6	31.4	35.7	31.7	36.8
Virgin Islands(1)	34.4	35.1	34.5	35.2	-	-	-	-	1.9	2.1	1.9	2.1
Footnotes (1) Mining and logging is combined with construction. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are counts of jobs by place of work. Estimates are currently estimated from 2022 benchmark levels. Estimates subsequent to the current benchmarks are preliminary and will be revised when new information becomes available.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
Table 4. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by state and selected industry sector, not seasonally adjusted-Continued [In thousands]

State	Manufacturing				Trade, transportation, and utilities				Information
	April		May		April		May		April		May
	2022	2023	2022	2023(p)	2022	2023	2022	2023(p)	2022	2023	2022	2023(p)
Alabama	271.8	276.1	272.5	276.0	402.7	406.4	402.6	406.9	22.3	22.6	22.5	22.8
Alaska	11.1	11.2	10.5	9.6	62.2	64.0	65.5	66.4	4.7	4.7	4.8	4.7
Arizona	190.9	194.7	191.2	195.4	600.2	599.4	597.9	598.2	51.4	50.3	52.0	49.5
Arkansas	160.8	163.5	161.6	164.7	266.9	273.1	267.4	272.8	12.6	12.7	12.6	12.4
California	1,327.5	1,336.6	1,331.2	1,333.4	3,104.8	3,113.9	3,104.6	3,119.0	601.5	599.6	607.8	593.3
Colorado	152.6	152.5	152.7	154.2	500.2	490.9	499.0	490.7	79.7	77.2	80.0	76.9
Connecticut	156.1	156.5	156.4	157.0	293.9	293.1	296.6	299.0	30.8	31.4	31.2	31.9
Delaware	26.0	27.2	25.8	27.4	88.0	89.6	88.5	90.4	3.8	3.7	3.8	3.7
District of Columbia	1.0	1.0	1.1	1.0	30.0	30.0	29.8	30.1	20.8	20.9	20.6	20.8
Florida	406.6	419.6	407.5	417.3	1,908.9	1,962.3	1,908.9	1,958.7	154.4	152.6	156.0	151.8
Georgia	414.8	415.4	415.4	414.5	1,021.2	1,022.6	1,022.0	1,020.4	127.3	127.6	129.4	129.2
Hawaii	12.5	12.7	12.4	12.7	113.7	115.1	113.5	116.4	7.7	8.9	7.6	9.0
Idaho	72.9	71.8	72.8	71.6	160.1	160.8	160.5	161.6	8.8	9.6	9.0	9.6
Illinois	568.0	569.3	564.9	568.3	1,204.3	1,210.4	1,207.7	1,213.6	93.8	92.0	95.7	91.6
Indiana	539.2	539.3	539.6	537.5	624.8	631.8	626.7	634.5	26.6	25.7	27.0	26.5
Iowa	222.7	227.8	223.0	227.0	312.2	311.5	312.3	312.8	18.9	19.1	19.1	19.2
Kansas	167.2	171.6	167.6	171.8	271.2	274.5	270.8	273.0	18.4	17.6	18.4	18.0
Kentucky	251.0	260.2	251.1	260.4	418.9	430.8	419.0	429.8	21.0	22.1	21.2	22.4
Louisiana	132.1	137.2	132.9	137.0	371.7	368.6	371.7	370.1	24.4	23.1	24.8	23.1
Maine	54.0	54.2	54.3	54.7	116.6	117.0	117.7	118.0	7.9	7.7	7.9	7.9
Maryland	108.2	109.0	108.6	109.6	470.3	471.1	472.5	471.7	35.5	34.9	35.5	35.2
Massachusetts	238.5	236.9	238.4	238.4	558.2	564.8	560.3	570.4	95.9	97.7	96.5	96.6
Michigan	599.1	602.3	599.3	608.0	798.9	802.3	804.1	811.4	55.7	56.3	56.3	56.7
Minnesota	320.7	322.3	322.7	324.1	522.7	525.5	527.1	530.0	44.8	46.5	45.0	46.0
Mississippi	148.9	147.6	149.0	147.6	241.2	244.3	241.3	245.4	10.1	10.3	10.2	10.2
Missouri	280.0	290.1	280.4	290.7	555.8	557.8	555.1	553.8	48.0	48.5	48.3	47.4
Montana	21.8	22.7	22.0	22.9	98.7	99.9	99.3	99.2	5.6	5.6	5.8	5.7
Nebraska	102.7	105.2	102.8	105.5	195.1	197.1	195.4	197.2	17.9	18.2	17.9	18.0
Nevada	66.0	67.4	65.9	67.0	289.5	291.7	290.0	291.4	17.5	18.8	18.5	18.8
New Hampshire	70.1	71.0	70.2	71.5	137.5	138.0	137.9	140.3	11.9	11.7	12.0	11.8
New Jersey	249.2	252.9	249.9	252.2	902.1	907.7	906.0	914.2	75.4	75.7	76.5	75.9
New Mexico	28.6	29.3	28.7	29.5	142.8	140.3	143.1	141.2	10.9	10.7	10.6	10.8
New York	422.5	422.2	424.0	423.0	1,460.1	1,446.2	1,472.6	1,460.4	289.2	287.6	292.4	286.9
North Carolina	471.4	474.5	472.5	475.6	910.5	919.1	912.0	924.9	80.2	84.2	81.6	84.2
North Dakota	27.0	27.1	27.4	27.2	90.2	90.6	90.9	92.3	5.8	5.6	5.8	5.6
Ohio	681.8	692.0	680.2	691.8	1,050.9	1,043.5	1,052.7	1,053.1	69.1	67.4	69.8	67.7
Oklahoma	131.9	135.3	132.5	134.4	318.6	320.1	317.9	321.5	17.7	17.7	18.0	17.8
Oregon	192.4	192.8	192.6	193.7	365.0	361.8	364.2	362.7	36.8	37.3	36.8	37.3
Pennsylvania	562.0	566.1	563.2	566.5	1,134.6	1,148.4	1,136.8	1,154.4	92.0	95.2	92.1	96.1
Rhode Island	40.1	39.7	40.3	40.0	76.3	74.9	76.3	76.3	5.7	5.9	6.0	5.7
South Carolina	261.0	260.9	259.8	260.4	431.1	435.6	432.6	438.2	29.4	32.4	30.1	33.2
South Dakota	45.0	46.0	45.0	45.8	87.8	91.8	88.9	93.2	5.1	5.2	5.3	5.2
Tennessee	362.5	368.7	364.1	368.8	671.6	676.5	673.1	675.0	53.5	55.2	54.0	55.5
Texas	917.9	948.2	920.6	946.6	2,675.4	2,754.9	2,675.5	2,761.3	226.3	239.4	228.8	240.9
Utah	150.7	152.9	150.9	153.1	310.8	312.5	311.4	310.4	44.4	45.1	45.1	46.0
Vermont	28.9	28.1	28.9	28.1	51.6	52.4	51.7	52.0	4.3	4.5	4.4	4.5
Virginia	243.6	245.1	244.1	245.2	657.4	657.8	659.5	661.8	69.1	70.8	69.4	71.5
Washington	265.7	272.0	266.8	276.3	606.0	614.5	608.3	618.7	166.5	168.2	168.7	167.4
West Virginia	46.8	45.4	47.2	45.6	122.1	122.2	121.9	122.5	7.8	8.0	7.8	7.9
Wisconsin	477.0	482.2	477.6	478.8	544.2	548.4	547.9	553.5	45.4	44.7	45.6	44.5
Wyoming	9.9	10.5	10.0	10.4	51.4	51.5	51.8	52.3	3.0	3.1	3.1	3.2
Puerto Rico	81.1	83.0	80.8	83.2	180.1	184.3	180.2	184.9	17.1	16.7	17.0	16.6
Virgin Islands	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	6.4	6.8	6.6	6.8	0.4	0.5	0.4	0.5
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are counts of jobs by place of work. Estimates are currently estimated from 2022 benchmark levels. Estimates subsequent to the current benchmarks are preliminary and will be revised when new information becomes available.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
Table 4. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by state and selected industry sector, not seasonally adjusted-Continued [In thousands]

State	Financial activities				Professional and business services				Education and health services
	April		May		April		May		April		May
	2022	2023	2022	2023(p)	2022	2023	2022	2023(p)	2022	2023	2022	2023(p)
Alabama	101.0	103.6	101.3	103.4	261.3	268.0	261.2	267.5	245.7	254.2	245.5	254.1
Alaska	10.9	11.2	11.1	11.3	26.5	27.7	27.6	28.6	50.4	50.9	50.4	51.0
Arizona	249.4	250.0	248.2	246.2	468.9	477.2	467.3	470.0	478.7	502.0	478.2	499.6
Arkansas	70.1	70.2	70.4	71.0	151.7	152.9	152.5	153.4	197.9	203.5	198.7	204.8
California	845.6	847.8	844.5	848.8	2,862.6	2,893.4	2,860.1	2,903.3	2,924.6	3,080.7	2,931.0	3,087.1
Colorado	182.8	172.1	182.2	170.6	483.6	493.7	486.8	493.5	354.3	354.1	354.0	355.0
Connecticut	118.1	114.1	118.2	114.5	223.0	224.6	223.2	225.7	342.6	354.2	341.1	351.1
Delaware	48.2	50.2	48.0	50.3	66.3	67.9	66.0	68.0	79.7	79.8	79.7	80.3
District of Columbia	27.2	28.1	27.4	28.3	172.6	173.2	173.6	174.0	123.4	124.0	121.1	123.7
Florida	660.3	676.0	662.3	679.7	1,572.3	1,620.8	1,574.4	1,627.9	1,382.9	1,471.4	1,383.3	1,476.6
Georgia	270.7	278.5	272.0	281.2	778.2	774.5	775.9	773.1	622.9	658.2	623.7	661.9
Hawaii	27.7	27.2	27.7	27.1	71.6	73.2	71.0	72.8	86.7	86.7	86.3	87.8
Idaho	40.8	41.3	40.9	40.7	106.9	110.2	108.0	111.2	120.4	126.1	120.7	127.6
Illinois	400.3	408.9	400.7	411.1	967.5	966.1	971.3	968.8	928.9	968.2	929.4	968.6
Indiana	146.2	149.3	146.8	150.8	366.3	377.6	366.1	380.3	471.5	486.8	471.8	485.8
Iowa	108.2	108.4	108.4	108.5	146.0	144.0	145.8	143.5	228.5	238.9	225.1	239.1
Kansas	75.7	76.0	75.8	76.9	180.4	184.6	179.6	182.8	198.2	206.1	198.8	204.2
Kentucky	96.7	94.8	96.9	94.2	226.5	230.3	226.7	229.6	285.7	296.3	286.0	297.6
Louisiana	88.6	93.0	88.8	93.7	222.7	222.6	220.7	222.8	321.7	337.5	322.5	336.9
Maine	33.4	33.8	33.7	34.0	76.0	76.0	76.3	77.3	126.1	128.8	125.1	128.5
Maryland	134.5	134.3	134.5	133.3	474.6	469.4	475.9	471.9	443.3	460.3	443.6	458.5
Massachusetts	224.2	231.0	225.1	231.2	631.9	654.5	632.1	654.0	811.6	840.6	803.4	832.0
Michigan	233.2	227.3	234.1	228.7	662.1	662.2	666.7	675.4	659.9	680.7	660.7	680.0
Minnesota	190.6	189.0	191.1	189.0	384.7	385.3	388.5	392.6	548.5	561.9	547.8	565.3
Mississippi	43.9	44.4	44.1	44.1	117.4	115.4	116.4	116.9	143.0	150.3	143.4	151.5
Missouri	184.0	186.2	185.0	186.0	384.8	394.0	384.5	399.0	489.7	500.5	490.1	495.7
Montana	28.1	28.7	28.1	28.6	49.2	49.7	49.9	50.0	81.2	83.3	81.2	84.3
Nebraska	71.2	69.8	71.2	69.6	121.4	120.1	121.6	118.0	155.6	160.6	155.3	161.7
Nevada	76.0	75.7	76.7	75.4	209.5	220.4	208.9	222.0	157.0	167.6	157.8	169.6
New Hampshire	34.4	34.2	34.5	34.6	94.8	103.8	95.4	103.2	124.7	125.4	123.1	126.0
New Jersey	257.7	257.3	259.1	258.4	723.4	721.0	727.8	724.4	729.3	772.7	733.3	780.9
New Mexico	35.1	34.7	35.0	34.8	114.9	120.1	114.7	117.8	141.9	146.6	142.0	146.1
New York	716.7	728.9	719.9	731.6	1,350.0	1,379.7	1,356.4	1,386.8	2,166.0	2,236.4	2,153.7	2,232.5
North Carolina	289.6	295.1	291.7	294.3	732.3	750.2	733.1	748.6	650.2	677.7	651.0	678.1
North Dakota	24.3	24.4	24.3	24.2	33.9	35.0	34.4	34.6	66.8	68.2	66.6	68.0
Ohio	316.6	319.9	318.1	318.9	743.2	738.1	746.6	739.7	901.3	930.5	902.0	932.7
Oklahoma	80.5	81.1	80.8	80.4	201.8	204.4	202.8	205.9	240.4	247.3	240.6	246.3
Oregon	105.1	105.9	105.3	107.8	263.1	270.6	262.8	271.5	304.5	314.6	303.4	313.0
Pennsylvania	331.5	338.8	332.6	339.8	842.7	862.8	845.6	866.6	1,268.1	1,316.5	1,262.8	1,303.3
Rhode Island	35.0	35.0	35.3	35.3	71.1	67.7	71.4	67.8	107.2	105.8	106.6	105.2
South Carolina	116.5	120.6	117.6	122.0	306.4	311.3	308.2	314.8	263.5	276.4	264.4	279.0
South Dakota	27.9	27.8	28.0	27.5	36.6	37.3	36.9	38.2	75.3	76.9	75.4	76.5
Tennessee	174.3	173.6	175.1	174.9	462.4	469.9	462.3	467.3	448.7	467.3	447.2	468.7
Texas	869.5	903.1	872.7	907.0	2,050.5	2,115.5	2,055.8	2,136.5	1,787.4	1,873.1	1,792.0	1,876.9
Utah	98.2	96.4	98.0	96.6	245.2	251.2	247.0	253.6	227.3	233.8	222.0	230.5
Vermont	12.1	12.1	12.1	12.1	31.8	32.6	32.0	33.1	63.5	63.0	61.8	62.1
Virginia	215.3	216.4	216.0	216.4	800.6	810.9	800.8	818.0	557.2	575.4	548.2	575.7
Washington	164.8	168.0	165.4	170.5	541.2	558.0	544.3	555.7	515.0	540.9	513.7	545.4
West Virginia	25.4	25.3	25.4	25.4	72.5	72.5	72.6	72.0	127.6	129.3	127.6	129.5
Wisconsin	157.9	161.2	158.4	159.8	326.6	324.7	328.1	326.3	455.7	468.2	456.3	465.6
Wyoming	11.4	11.8	11.4	11.5	20.1	20.0	20.6	20.5	29.0	29.8	28.8	30.0
Puerto Rico	46.1	46.7	46.2	47.0	136.3	144.5	135.3	144.4	120.6	125.4	120.9	126.0
Virgin Islands	1.8	1.8	1.8	1.8	2.8	2.8	2.8	2.8	2.3	2.5	2.3	2.5
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are counts of jobs by place of work. Estimates are currently estimated from 2022 benchmark levels. Estimates subsequent to the current benchmarks are preliminary and will be revised when new information becomes available.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
Table 4. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by state and selected industry sector, not seasonally adjusted-Continued [In thousands]

State	Leisure and hospitality				Other services				Government
	April		May		April		May		April		May
	2022	2023	2022	2023(p)	2022	2023	2022	2023(p)	2022	2023	2022	2023(p)
Alabama	197.3	203.1	199.3	204.0	99.1	102.0	99.1	103.1	393.2	399.6	393.5	400.1
Alaska	31.5	33.0	36.1	38.7	11.0	11.5	11.2	11.6	78.5	80.1	78.3	80.2
Arizona	338.9	347.9	337.8	347.9	97.9	94.3	98.2	95.4	417.7	431.4	413.2	426.9
Arkansas	122.5	131.9	124.0	135.0	71.3	73.4	71.4	74.5	211.8	213.3	211.6	212.9
California	1,912.3	2,033.6	1,940.2	2,057.8	562.2	580.0	566.0	588.1	2,555.4	2,607.7	2,571.9	2,623.8
Colorado	334.6	352.5	330.7	351.4	123.1	122.7	124.7	126.6	451.7	467.7	455.5	472.4
Connecticut	144.9	148.5	152.8	160.7	60.5	61.5	61.0	63.0	230.5	233.2	230.3	233.5
Delaware	48.5	50.3	50.7	54.7	18.8	18.7	18.7	18.5	68.3	69.7	67.7	69.1
District of Columbia	66.6	75.6	68.3	76.7	66.4	69.3	66.3	70.1	238.1	233.0	236.9	233.7
Florida	1,251.8	1,322.3	1,249.2	1,320.7	342.7	350.9	342.6	350.0	1,106.0	1,131.9	1,099.3	1,123.9
Georgia	482.5	519.2	488.9	527.4	162.6	170.6	163.0	170.6	676.6	691.6	677.4	689.6
Hawaii	109.8	118.3	110.7	118.1	26.2	27.1	26.0	26.8	122.3	125.9	122.8	126.1
Idaho	86.7	89.3	88.2	91.2	27.0	27.7	27.1	28.4	127.4	134.0	127.9	133.4
Illinois	554.7	583.9	574.4	603.7	245.0	250.3	246.6	251.6	795.2	821.9	796.9	828.0
Indiana	298.8	319.2	306.9	324.5	124.4	129.6	126.5	131.4	417.2	426.0	421.0	431.6
Iowa	135.1	139.6	139.5	144.4	55.4	55.2	55.6	56.6	260.6	265.9	261.7	266.4
Kansas	127.1	132.9	129.6	134.9	50.2	50.0	50.3	50.5	255.7	260.0	256.9	261.9
Kentucky	193.8	201.1	198.8	203.7	65.8	68.2	66.2	69.1	301.9	308.4	302.3	309.3
Louisiana	209.1	218.8	212.8	220.9	70.8	69.9	71.3	70.0	313.6	320.0	313.5	320.0
Maine	59.3	58.5	66.6	66.8	21.7	22.1	21.8	22.0	100.7	100.9	100.3	101.9
Maryland	243.5	250.9	253.3	260.3	105.9	108.5	106.3	108.9	518.7	533.2	521.8	535.6
Massachusetts	333.5	344.2	351.5	363.1	132.5	136.5	134.0	137.4	455.2	465.1	457.6	467.4
Michigan	390.2	397.2	413.1	427.3	162.6	159.4	164.2	161.8	595.7	618.0	585.2	607.2
Minnesota	246.1	261.2	260.2	279.2	106.4	106.3	107.1	108.1	412.9	421.2	412.7	422.9
Mississippi	132.8	136.6	134.5	137.4	39.5	39.2	39.4	39.3	233.4	235.1	232.1	234.0
Missouri	295.6	309.6	305.1	320.3	113.0	116.5	114.3	118.2	432.3	436.7	432.6	436.6
Montana	68.2	69.1	69.8	71.0	19.2	19.7	19.4	19.7	91.5	91.4	92.4	91.8
Nebraska	90.6	96.4	93.2	98.1	36.7	39.2	36.7	38.6	171.9	174.2	173.5	175.4
Nevada	334.9	353.9	337.7	357.0	42.4	40.8	42.5	41.2	168.5	176.3	169.6	176.9
New Hampshire	66.0	67.4	69.9	70.3	23.8	24.1	24.1	24.3	88.8	89.6	87.7	88.8
New Jersey	358.0	382.1	380.7	404.1	163.6	166.8	166.0	170.5	593.5	594.0	590.4	594.2
New Mexico	93.7	96.3	94.5	99.3	28.3	28.4	28.3	28.4	181.8	185.5	181.2	185.9
New York	831.0	892.0	875.4	945.9	379.0	389.5	381.9	393.5	1,435.2	1,458.8	1,436.6	1,458.9
North Carolina	493.6	520.1	509.4	536.8	166.4	174.7	168.1	174.1	733.9	745.0	739.8	748.9
North Dakota	37.7	39.4	39.1	41.5	14.6	15.0	14.7	15.3	82.4	83.7	83.5	83.8
Ohio	534.0	554.7	556.6	580.3	205.7	217.6	207.8	223.3	779.5	782.7	778.3	779.2
Oklahoma	173.5	183.8	174.7	185.6	66.4	66.8	66.7	67.8	354.3	358.3	354.6	359.0
Oregon	194.9	201.8	198.0	207.6	61.3	65.0	61.6	65.5	297.4	309.4	299.5	311.7
Pennsylvania	527.6	555.2	549.2	577.0	247.5	251.7	249.3	255.3	688.4	697.5	683.7	694.2
Rhode Island	55.2	53.9	58.5	57.0	21.2	21.5	21.5	21.8	63.9	65.4	64.3	65.8
South Carolina	264.3	276.4	270.3	285.6	81.6	81.7	82.1	83.0	368.4	378.4	368.1	374.5
South Dakota	46.5	47.0	49.3	50.0	17.3	17.5	17.7	17.5	80.6	81.8	81.4	82.5
Tennessee	340.9	357.9	347.6	363.3	125.1	128.8	126.0	129.3	443.4	454.9	439.4	450.2
Texas	1,398.7	1,472.7	1,418.2	1,484.6	441.4	473.0	448.0	476.1	2,003.6	2,064.1	2,004.4	2,068.7
Utah	161.6	171.3	160.2	176.3	43.7	48.6	43.8	48.1	255.8	262.9	258.8	266.2
Vermont	30.7	30.8	30.3	31.1	9.7	9.9	9.8	9.7	54.3	56.5	54.4	54.6
Virginia	382.1	407.7	393.5	417.8	189.2	195.7	190.1	193.0	722.6	738.5	716.8	731.0
Washington	321.9	343.4	328.2	346.2	118.9	125.8	119.8	124.3	566.1	585.1	568.9	585.1
West Virginia	69.6	68.6	71.4	72.1	24.1	24.9	24.2	24.8	149.1	150.1	158.4	149.6
Wisconsin	257.7	262.6	272.6	273.7	144.2	149.4	145.0	151.2	407.0	415.8	398.4	409.4
Wyoming	34.3	35.4	36.5	36.3	15.9	16.4	15.9	16.8	67.6	68.8	68.4	70.0
Puerto Rico	84.2	92.5	84.7	92.6	18.7	19.1	18.8	19.1	194.2	200.9	193.2	200.4
Virgin Islands	6.4	6.1	6.3	6.2	1.0	1.1	1.1	1.1	10.9	10.9	10.8	10.9
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are counts of jobs by place of work. Estimates are currently estimated from 2022 benchmark levels. Estimates subsequent to the current benchmarks are preliminary and will be revised when new information becomes available.