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Economic News Release
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Metropolitan Area Employment and Unemployment (Monthly) News Release

For release 10:00 a.m. (ET) Friday, March 17, 2023 	                           USDL-23-0489

Technical information: 
 Employment:   (202) 691-6559  *  sminfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/sae 
 Unemployment: (202) 691-6392  *  lausinfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/lau 

Media contact: (202) 691-5902  *  PressOffice@bls.gov


             METROPOLITAN AREA EMPLOYMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT -- JANUARY 2023


(NOTE: On April 21, 2023, BLS corrected errors in estimates for not seasonally adjusted all employees
in other services and its aggregates for Arkansas and the Little Rock-North Little Rock-Conway, AR 
metropolitan area. Seasonally adjusted estimates for all employees and 3-month average change were 
corrected at aggregate levels. Tables in this news release contain the incorrect data and will not be
reissued. Corrected data are available in the LABSTAT database, at www.bls.gov/sae/data/. For a 
complete list of series and products impacted by the correction, see www.bls.gov/bls/errata/sae_errata.htm.)


Unemployment rates were lower in January than a year earlier in 297 of the 389 metropolitan
areas, higher in 73 areas, and unchanged in 19 areas, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
reported today. A total of 87 areas had jobless rates of less than 3.0 percent and 10 areas
had rates of at least 8.0 percent. Nonfarm payroll employment increased over the year in
135 metropolitan areas and was essentially unchanged in 254 areas. The national unemployment
rate in January was 3.9 percent, not seasonally adjusted, down from 4.4 percent a year earlier.

This news release presents statistics from two monthly programs. The civilian labor force
and unemployment data are based on the same concepts and definitions as those used for the
national household survey estimates. These data pertain to individuals by where they reside.
The employment data are from an establishment survey that measures nonfarm employment, hours,
and earnings by industry. These data pertain to jobs on payrolls defined by where the
establishments are located. For more information about the concepts and statistical methodologies
used by these two programs, see the Technical Note.

 __________________________________________________________________________________________
|											   |
|                Metropolitan Area Employment and Unemployment Data Changes		   |
|											   |
| In accordance with annual practices, historical data in tables 1 through 4 of this news  |
| release have been revised. For detailed information on the revisions, see the box notes  |
| at the end of the news release.							   |
|__________________________________________________________________________________________|


Metropolitan Area Unemployment (Not Seasonally Adjusted)

In January, Rapid City, SD, and Sioux Falls, SD, had the lowest unemployment rates, 1.9 percent
each. The next lowest rates were in Burlington-South Burlington, VT; Lincoln, NE; and Madison,
WI, 2.0 percent each. El Centro, CA, had the highest rate, 16.2 percent. The next highest rate
was in Ocean City, NJ, 11.7 percent. A total of 214 areas had January jobless rates below the
U.S. rate of 3.9 percent, 162 areas had rates above it, and 13 areas had rates equal to that
of the nation. (See table 1.)

The largest over-the-year unemployment rate decreases in January occurred in Atlantic City-
Hammonton, NJ (-2.6 percentage points); Rockford, IL (-2.5 points); and Farmington, NM (-2.0
points). An additional 56 areas had rate declines between 1.0 percentage point and 1.9 points.
Elkhart-Goshen, IN, had the largest over-the-year rate increase in January (+2.6 percentage
points).

Of the 51 metropolitan areas with a 2010 Census population of 1 million or more, Miami-Fort
Lauderdale-West Palm Beach, FL, had the lowest jobless rate in January, 2.3 percent. Las
Vegas-Henderson-Paradise, NV, had the highest rate, 5.9 percent. Forty-three large areas 
had over-the-year unemployment rate decreases, six had increases, and two had no change. 
The largest rate decline occurred in New York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJ-PA (-1.5 percentage
points). The largest jobless rate increases were in Portland-Vancouver-Hillsboro, OR-WA,
and Richmond, VA (+0.4 percentage point each).

Metropolitan Division Unemployment (Not Seasonally Adjusted)

Eleven of the most populous metropolitan areas are made up of 38 metropolitan divisions,
which are essentially separately identifiable employment centers. In January, Miami-Miami
Beach-Kendall, FL, had the lowest division unemployment rate, 2.0 percent. Tacoma-Lakewood,
WA, had the highest rate among the divisions, 5.9 percent. (See table 2.)

In January, 35 metropolitan divisions had over-the-year unemployment rate decreases and 3
had increases. The largest rate decline occurred in New York-Jersey City-White Plains, 
NY-NJ (-1.9 percentage points). The largest over-the-year jobless rate increase occurred
in Tacoma-Lakewood, WA (+0.4 percentage point).

Metropolitan Area Nonfarm Employment (Not Seasonally Adjusted)

In January, nonfarm payroll employment increased over the year in 135 metropolitan areas
and was essentially unchanged in 254 areas. The largest over-the-year employment increases
occurred in New York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJ-PA (+375,200), Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington,
TX (+234,100), and Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, CA (+218,400). The largest over-the-year
percentage gains in employment occurred in Midland, TX (+11.4 percent), Odessa, TX (+7.8
percent), and Napa, CA (+6.9 percent). (See table 3.)

Over the year, nonfarm employment increased in 41 metropolitan areas with a 2010 Census
population of 1 million or more, while employment was essentially unchanged in 10 areas.
The largest over-the-year percentage increases in employment in these large metropolitan
areas occurred in Las Vegas-Henderson-Paradise, NV (+6.3 percent), Dallas-Fort Worth-
Arlington, TX (+5.9 percent), and Austin-Round Rock, TX (+5.8 percent). 

Metropolitan Division Nonfarm Employment (Not Seasonally Adjusted)

In January, nonfarm payroll employment increased over the year in 25 metropolitan divisions
and was essentially unchanged in 13 divisions. The largest over-the-year increases in
employment among the metropolitan divisions occurred in New York-Jersey City-White Plains,
NY-NJ (+308,700), Dallas-Plano-Irving, TX (+169,700), and Los Angeles-Long Beach-Glendale,
CA (+161,000). (See table 4.)

The largest over-the-year percentage increases in employment occurred in Dallas-Plano-
Irving, TX (+6.0 percent), Fort Worth-Arlington, TX (+5.8 percent), and Miami-Miami Beach-
Kendall, FL (+5.1 percent).

_____________
The State Employment and Unemployment news release for February is scheduled
to be released on Friday, March 24, 2023, at 10:00 a.m. (ET). The Metropolitan
Area Employment and Unemployment news release for February is scheduled to be
released on Wednesday, April 5, 2023, at 10:00 a.m. (ET).


 __________________________________________________________________________________________
|											   |
|                   Changes to Local Area Unemployment Statistics Data			   |
|											   |
| Effective with the release of Regional and State Unemployment 2022 Annual Averages on	   |
| March 1, 2023, the civilian labor force and unemployment data for census regions and	   |
| divisions and all states, the District of Columbia, and the modeled substate areas	   |
| presented in tables 1 and 2 of this news release were revised from 2018 to 2022 to	   |
| incorporate updated inputs, new population controls, and reestimation of models. The	   |
| population controls continue to reflect a "blended base," with elements from three	   |
| independent data sources for April 1, 2020.						   |
|											   |
| Civilian labor force and unemployment data for the non-modeled metropolitan areas and	   |
| divisions presented in tables 1 and 2 of this news release have been revised for 2022	   |
| to incorporate updated inputs and adjustment to new state control totals, though not	   |
| yet finalized. Revised estimates for these areas and divisions will not be loaded into   |
| the BLS time-series database until finalized on April 21, 2023. Therefore, the database  |
| does not match the data for 2022 presented in this news release. For more information,   |
| see www.bls.gov/lau/launews1.htm.							   |
|__________________________________________________________________________________________|


 __________________________________________________________________________________________
|											   |
|                   Changes to Current Employment Statistics (CES) Data			   |
|											   |
| Effective with this news release, all nonfarm payroll employment estimates for states	   |
| and areas presented in tables 3 and 4 have been adjusted to 2022 benchmark levels.	   |
| Not seasonally adjusted data beginning with April 2021 and seasonally adjusted data	   |
| beginning with January 2018 were subject to revision. Some not seasonally adjusted and   |
| seasonally adjusted series have been revised as far back as 1990. 			   |
|											   |
| In addition, the basis for industry classification in the establishment survey has	   |
| been revised from the 2017 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) to	   |
| NAICS 2022. Implementation of NAICS 2022 resulted in revisions reflecting content and	   |
| coding changes within the retail trade, information, and financial services sectors.	   |
| The majority of the changes associated with the NAICS 2022 implementation impact 	   |
| levels of detail not published by CES State and Area. For more information about 	   |
| updated industry titles and new, discontinued, and collapsed industries resulting from   |
| the NAICS 2022 implementation, see the CES State and Area benchmark article at	   |
| www.bls.gov/web/laus/bmrk_article.htm.						   |
|__________________________________________________________________________________________|




Technical Note
  
   This news release presents civilian labor force and unemployment data from the
Local Area Unemployment Statistics (LAUS) program (tables 1 and 2) for 389
metropolitan statistical areas and metropolitan New England City and Town Areas
(NECTAs), plus 7 areas in Puerto Rico. Estimates for 38 metropolitan and NECTA
divisions also are presented. Nonfarm payroll employment estimates from the
Current Employment Statistics (CES) program (tables 3 and 4) are provided for
the same areas. State estimates were previously published in the news release
State Employment and Unemployment, and are republished in this news release for
ease of reference. The LAUS and CES programs are both federal-state cooperative
endeavors.

Civilian labor force and unemployment--from the LAUS program

   Definitions. The civilian labor force and unemployment data are based on the
same concepts and definitions as those used for the official national estimates
obtained from the Current Population Survey (CPS), a sample survey of households
that is conducted for the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) by the U.S. Census
Bureau. The LAUS program measures employed persons and unemployed persons on a
place-of-residence basis.  The universe for each is the civilian noninstitutional
population 16 years of age and older. Employed persons are those who did any work
at all for pay or profit in the reference week (typically the week including the
12th of the month) or worked 15 hours or more without pay in a family business or
farm, plus those not working who had a job from which they were temporarily absent,
whether or not paid, for such reasons as labor-management dispute, illness, or
vacation. Unemployed persons are those who were not employed during the reference
week (based on the definition above), had actively looked for a job sometime in the
4-week period ending with the reference week, and were currently available for work;
persons on layoff expecting recall need not be looking for work to be counted as
unemployed. The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and unemployed persons.
The unemployment rate is the number of unemployed as a percent of the civilian labor
force.

   Method of estimation. Estimates for states, the District of Columbia, the Los
Angeles-Long Beach-Glendale metropolitan division, and New York City are produced
using time-series models with real-time benchmarking to national CPS totals. Model-
based estimates are also produced for the following areas and their respective
balances: the Chicago-Naperville-Arlington Heights, IL Metropolitan Division;
Cleveland-Elyria, OH Metropolitan Statistical Area; Detroit-Warren-Dearborn, MI
Metropolitan Statistical Area; Miami-Miami Beach-Kendall, FL Metropolitan Division;
and Seattle-Bellevue-Everett, WA Metropolitan Division. Modeling improves the
statistical basis of the estimation for these areas and provides important tools
for analysis, such as measures of errors and seasonally adjusted series. For all
other substate areas in this news release, estimates are prepared through indirect
estimation procedures using a building-block approach.  Estimates of employed
persons, which are based largely on “place of work” estimates from the CES program,
are adjusted to refer to place of residence as used in the CPS. Unemployment
estimates are aggregates of persons previously employed in industries covered by
state unemployment insurance (UI) laws and entrants to the labor force from the
CPS. The substate estimates of employment and unemployment, which geographically
exhaust the entire state, are adjusted proportionally to ensure that they add to
the independently estimated model-based area totals. A detailed description of the
estimation procedures is available from BLS upon request.

   Annual revisions. Civilian labor force and unemployment data shown for the prior
year reflect adjustments made at the beginning of each year, usually implemented with
the issuance of January estimates. The adjusted model-based estimates typically reflect
updated population data from the U.S. Census Bureau, any revisions in other input
data sources, and model re-estimation. All substate estimates then are re-estimated
using updated inputs and adjusted to add to the revised model-based totals. In early
2021, a new generation of time-series models was implemented, resulting in the
replacement of data back to the series beginnings.

Employment--from the CES program 

   Definitions. Employment data refer to persons on establishment payrolls who receive
pay for any part of the pay period that includes the 12th of the month. Persons are
counted at their place of work rather than at their place of residence; those appearing
on more than one payroll are counted on each payroll. Industries are classified on the
basis of their principal activity in accordance with the 2022 version of the North
American Industry Classification System.

   Method of estimation. CES State and Area employment data are produced using several
estimation procedures. Where possible, these data are produced using a "weighted link
relative" estimation technique in which a ratio of current month weighted employment
to that of the previous-month weighted employment is computed from a sample of
establishments reporting for both months. The estimates of employment for the current
month are then obtained by multiplying these ratios by the previous month's employment
estimates. The weighted link relative technique is utilized for data series where the
sample size meets certain statistical criteria. For some employment series, the
estimates are produced with a model that uses direct sample estimates (described
above) combined with other regressors to compensate for smaller sample sizes. 

   Annual revisions.  Employment estimates are adjusted annually to a complete count
of jobs, called benchmarks, derived principally from tax reports that are submitted by
employers who are covered under state unemployment insurance (UI) laws. The benchmark
information is used to adjust the monthly estimates between the new benchmark and the
preceding one and also to establish the level of employment for the new benchmark month.
Thus, the benchmarking process establishes the level of employment, and the sample is used
to measure the month-to-month changes in the level for the subsequent months.

   Seasonal adjustment. Payroll employment data are seasonally adjusted for states,
metropolitan areas, and metropolitan divisions at the total nonfarm level. For states,
data are seasonally adjusted at the supersector level as well. Revisions to historical
data for the most recent 5 years are made once a year, coincident with annual benchmark
adjustments.

   Payroll employment data are seasonally adjusted concurrently, using all available
estimates including those for the current month, to develop sample-based seasonal factors.
Concurrent sample-based factors are created every month for the current month's preliminary
estimate as well as the previous month's final estimate.

Reliability of the estimates

   The estimates presented in this news release are based on sample surveys, administrative data,
and modeling and, thus, are subject to sampling and other types of errors. Sampling error
is a measure of sampling variability—that is, variation that occurs by chance because a
sample rather than the entire population is surveyed. Survey data also are subject to
nonsampling errors, such as those which can be introduced into the data collection and
processing operations. Estimates not directly derived from sample surveys are subject to
additional errors resulting from the specific estimation processes used. The sums of
individual items may not always equal the totals shown in the same tables because of
rounding.

Use of error measures

   Civilian labor force and unemployment estimates. Measures of sampling error are not
available for metropolitan areas or metropolitan divisions. Model-based error measures for
states are available on the BLS website at www.bls.gov/laus/lastderr.htm. Measures of
nonsampling error are not available for the areas contained in this news release. Information
on recent data revisions for states and local areas is available online at
www.bls.gov/lau/launews1.htm.

   Employment estimates. Changes in metropolitan area nonfarm payroll employment are cited
in the analysis of this news release only if they have been determined to be statistically
significant at the 90-percent confidence level.  Measures of sampling error for the total
nonfarm employment series are available for metropolitan areas and metropolitan divisions
at www.bls.gov/web/laus/790stderr.htm. Measures of sampling error for more detailed series
at the area and division level are available upon request. Measures of sampling error for
states  at the supersector level and for the private service-providing, goods-producing,
total private and total nonfarm levels are available on the BLS website at 
www.bls.gov/web/laus/790stderr.htm. Information on recent benchmark revisions
is available online at www.bls.gov/web/laus/benchmark.pdf.

Area definitions

   The substate area data published in this news release reflect the delineations issued by the
U.S. Office of Management and Budget on April 10, 2018. Data reflect New England City and
Town Area (NECTA) definitions, rather than county-based definitions, in the six New England
States. A detailed list of the geographic definitions is available online at
www.bls.gov/lau/lausmsa.htm.

Additional information

   Estimates of unadjusted and seasonally adjusted civilian labor force and unemployment
data for states and seven substate areas are available in the news release State Employment
and Unemployment. Estimates of civilian labor force and unemployment for all states,
metropolitan areas, counties, cities with a population of 25,000 or more, and other areas
used in the administration of various federal economic assistance programs are available
on the Internet at www.bls.gov/lau/. Employment data from the CES program for states and
metropolitan areas are available on the BLS website at www.bls.gov/sae/.

   If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech disability, please dial 7-1-1 to 
access telecommunications relay services.




LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
Table 1. Civilian labor force and unemployment by state and metropolitan area
State and area Civilian labor force Unemployed
Jan.
2022
Dec.
2022
Jan.
2023(p)
Number Percent of labor force
Jan.
2022
Dec.
2022
Jan.
2023(p)
Jan.
2022
Dec.
2022
Jan.
2023(p)

Alabama

2,267,838 2,286,709 2,274,462 70,208 49,167 59,423 3.1 2.2 2.6

Anniston-Oxford-Jacksonville

46,059 46,022 45,943 1,701 1,055 1,277 3.7 2.3 2.8

Auburn-Opelika

77,865 80,224 80,000 2,120 1,515 1,853 2.7 1.9 2.3

Birmingham-Hoover

565,329 564,006 561,497 16,189 10,755 13,207 2.9 1.9 2.4

Daphne-Fairhope-Foley

100,294 102,420 101,666 2,835 2,054 2,518 2.8 2.0 2.5

Decatur

74,640 76,153 75,884 1,917 1,274 1,599 2.6 1.7 2.1

Dothan

65,576 66,825 66,449 2,050 1,426 1,809 3.1 2.1 2.7

Florence-Muscle Shoals

66,127 66,476 66,065 2,209 1,571 1,938 3.3 2.4 2.9

Gadsden

39,297 38,985 38,562 1,443 924 1,131 3.7 2.4 2.9

Huntsville

243,494 249,673 249,464 6,083 4,292 5,240 2.5 1.7 2.1

Mobile

191,605 193,070 191,904 7,449 5,288 6,137 3.9 2.7 3.2

Montgomery

175,264 176,050 175,015 5,853 4,121 4,962 3.3 2.3 2.8

Tuscaloosa

115,240 118,386 117,751 3,660 2,390 2,879 3.2 2.0 2.4

Alaska

353,520 354,714 353,815 20,831 12,822 15,426 5.9 3.6 4.4

Anchorage

202,548 205,033 203,228 10,661 6,269 7,572 5.3 3.1 3.7

Fairbanks

45,010 46,383 45,481 2,398 1,507 1,843 5.3 3.2 4.1

Arizona

3,566,494 3,645,105 3,668,403 136,387 120,978 119,289 3.8 3.3 3.3

Flagstaff

72,398 74,672 75,087 3,492 2,832 2,891 4.8 3.8 3.9

Lake Havasu City-Kingman

88,133 89,561 89,643 4,087 3,630 3,599 4.6 4.1 4.0

Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale

2,541,732 2,600,056 2,622,404 87,115 76,128 75,710 3.4 2.9 2.9

Prescott

104,492 108,284 108,668 3,543 3,288 3,305 3.4 3.0 3.0

Sierra Vista-Douglas

48,658 49,152 48,737 2,130 1,949 1,936 4.4 4.0 4.0

Tucson

485,313 493,570 495,487 18,671 16,063 15,803 3.8 3.3 3.2

Yuma

99,164 100,191 99,054 10,615 10,789 9,696 10.7 10.8 9.8

Arkansas

1,341,627 1,362,369 1,353,788 51,283 39,515 49,021 3.8 2.9 3.6

Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers

292,096 304,842 304,169 7,925 6,190 7,872 2.7 2.0 2.6

Fort Smith

115,719 117,645 117,259 4,324 3,229 4,097 3.7 2.7 3.5

Hot Springs

41,340 41,759 41,589 1,812 1,425 1,718 4.4 3.4 4.1

Jonesboro

65,758 67,498 66,944 2,123 1,641 2,109 3.2 2.4 3.2

Little Rock-North Little Rock-Conway

357,637 362,995 359,321 13,114 9,739 11,904 3.7 2.7 3.3

Pine Bluff

32,076 31,955 31,683 1,898 1,406 1,611 5.9 4.4 5.1

California

19,157,660 19,336,344 19,278,135 1,068,647 748,684 894,383 5.6 3.9 4.6

Bakersfield

390,440 393,145 394,415 32,631 26,576 31,903 8.4 6.8 8.1

Chico

91,591 92,734 92,072 5,357 4,003 5,151 5.8 4.3 5.6

El Centro

69,694 72,272 72,125 10,373 10,985 11,717 14.9 15.2 16.2

Fresno

447,364 459,690 458,199 35,950 29,169 34,575 8.0 6.3 7.5

Hanford-Corcoran

56,251 57,764 57,313 5,141 4,056 4,982 9.1 7.0 8.7

Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim

6,612,833 6,574,236 6,580,319 394,567 262,334 299,716 6.0 4.0 4.6

Madera

64,180 64,970 65,826 4,967 4,004 4,960 7.7 6.2 7.5

Merced

114,453 114,181 115,299 11,451 8,993 11,191 10.0 7.9 9.7

Modesto

240,279 243,061 242,159 16,818 12,840 15,768 7.0 5.3 6.5

Napa

67,967 69,987 70,669 3,258 2,198 2,751 4.8 3.1 3.9

Oxnard-Thousand Oaks-Ventura

410,540 416,426 413,292 20,047 14,502 17,377 4.9 3.5 4.2

Redding

73,549 73,501 73,912 4,513 3,199 4,241 6.1 4.4 5.7

Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario

2,160,620 2,178,188 2,160,027 116,616 80,560 95,993 5.4 3.7 4.4

Sacramento--Roseville--Arden-Arcade

1,113,702 1,128,754 1,125,329 56,046 38,952 48,632 5.0 3.5 4.3

Salinas

204,245 215,385 217,580 19,889 15,175 19,174 9.7 7.0 8.8

San Diego-Carlsbad

1,573,905 1,606,945 1,600,024 73,163 48,132 58,763 4.6 3.0 3.7

San Francisco-Oakland-Hayward

2,508,703 2,552,704 2,537,307 101,201 67,363 83,694 4.0 2.6 3.3

San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara

1,056,569 1,092,055 1,079,234 38,122 26,142 32,947 3.6 2.4 3.1

San Luis Obispo-Paso Robles-Arroyo Grande

134,879 137,450 137,212 5,487 3,690 4,744 4.1 2.7 3.5

Santa Cruz-Watsonville

130,799 131,866 132,124 8,649 6,559 8,184 6.6 5.0 6.2

Santa Maria-Santa Barbara

215,764 221,269 220,260 11,123 7,601 9,937 5.2 3.4 4.5

Santa Rosa

243,986 249,325 248,589 10,438 7,024 8,905 4.3 2.8 3.6

Stockton-Lodi

341,131 346,891 344,159 23,812 17,939 21,701 7.0 5.2 6.3

Vallejo-Fairfield

201,079 203,724 201,298 11,706 7,762 9,563 5.8 3.8 4.8

Visalia-Porterville

204,319 208,051 208,386 19,338 17,638 20,704 9.5 8.5 9.9

Yuba City

76,020 78,293 77,784 6,261 5,062 6,339 8.2 6.5 8.1

Colorado

3,186,411 3,202,346 3,215,870 134,215 81,136 96,681 4.2 2.5 3.0

Boulder

198,763 201,999 203,404 6,846 4,171 5,009 3.4 2.1 2.5

Colorado Springs

371,186 370,760 376,165 16,375 9,998 11,970 4.4 2.7 3.2

Denver-Aurora-Lakewood

1,719,204 1,720,339 1,736,376 71,377 43,087 51,203 4.2 2.5 2.9

Fort Collins

208,640 209,338 207,016 7,802 4,723 5,636 3.7 2.3 2.7

Grand Junction

76,079 76,893 77,443 3,812 2,228 2,832 5.0 2.9 3.7

Greeley

167,869 169,617 168,433 7,607 4,590 5,376 4.5 2.7 3.2

Pueblo

76,681 76,199 76,669 4,836 2,792 3,340 6.3 3.7 4.4

Connecticut

1,949,048 1,901,411 1,904,151 105,525 61,252 79,896 5.4 3.2 4.2

Bridgeport-Stamford-Norwalk

474,361 464,140 466,174 25,771 15,465 20,063 5.4 3.3 4.3

Danbury

108,437 106,112 106,567 5,327 3,027 4,099 4.9 2.9 3.8

Hartford-West Hartford-East Hartford

640,686 620,881 621,728 34,481 19,833 25,757 5.4 3.2 4.1

New Haven

342,884 336,991 335,462 17,491 10,141 13,180 5.1 3.0 3.9

Norwich-New London-Westerly

140,314 137,360 137,917 7,964 4,234 5,650 5.7 3.1 4.1

Waterbury

113,788 110,603 111,068 7,483 4,423 5,715 6.6 4.0 5.1

Delaware

497,250 494,576 497,790 25,954 20,600 23,532 5.2 4.2 4.7

Dover

81,574 79,531 80,374 4,768 3,770 4,154 5.8 4.7 5.2

Salisbury(1)

190,883 194,028 194,563 10,999 8,426 10,074 5.8 4.3 5.2

District of Columbia

380,671 386,520 392,982 23,937 15,733 19,254 6.3 4.1 4.9

Washington-Arlington-Alexandria

3,373,592 3,422,792 3,439,904 116,484 86,238 103,918 3.5 2.5 3.0

Florida

10,592,114 10,862,301 10,851,555 396,676 250,216 279,731 3.7 2.3 2.6

Cape Coral-Fort Myers

369,493 384,222 381,370 13,737 11,412 11,391 3.7 3.0 3.0

Crestview-Fort Walton Beach-Destin

133,860 137,201 137,806 4,327 2,749 3,268 3.2 2.0 2.4

Deltona-Daytona Beach-Ormond Beach

310,326 319,680 321,090 12,841 8,323 9,476 4.1 2.6 3.0

Gainesville

147,677 150,218 151,011 5,161 3,211 3,876 3.5 2.1 2.6

Homosassa Springs

48,660 49,489 49,360 2,627 1,685 1,941 5.4 3.4 3.9

Jacksonville

815,680 845,463 841,451 29,146 18,588 21,342 3.6 2.2 2.5

Lakeland-Winter Haven

332,526 341,181 341,833 14,922 9,376 10,543 4.5 2.7 3.1

Miami-Fort Lauderdale-West Palm Beach

3,163,428 3,227,327 3,206,284 111,975 68,190 73,182 3.5 2.1 2.3

Naples-Immokalee-Marco Island

188,718 189,333 188,952 6,234 4,298 4,786 3.3 2.3 2.5

North Port-Sarasota-Bradenton

377,682 384,244 387,730 13,761 8,991 10,350 3.6 2.3 2.7

Ocala

146,471 149,506 149,644 6,497 4,107 4,744 4.4 2.7 3.2

Orlando-Kissimmee-Sanford

1,387,891 1,439,771 1,439,484 54,832 32,691 37,163 4.0 2.3 2.6

Palm Bay-Melbourne-Titusville

292,461 299,634 299,347 10,655 6,930 7,915 3.6 2.3 2.6

Panama City

90,133 93,605 93,494 3,435 2,096 2,482 3.8 2.2 2.7

Pensacola-Ferry Pass-Brent

232,165 236,591 236,905 8,852 5,696 6,269 3.8 2.4 2.6

Port St. Lucie

228,543 233,854 232,923 9,220 5,799 6,741 4.0 2.5 2.9

Punta Gorda

75,676 77,705 77,837 3,145 2,448 2,550 4.2 3.2 3.3

Sebastian-Vero Beach

67,610 67,806 67,735 2,835 1,798 2,045 4.2 2.7 3.0

Sebring

36,465 36,090 36,100 1,857 1,255 1,415 5.1 3.5 3.9

Tallahassee

197,973 200,969 201,480 7,645 4,694 5,462 3.9 2.3 2.7

Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater

1,621,511 1,668,127 1,677,810 59,222 37,485 43,028 3.7 2.2 2.6

The Villages

36,543 37,755 38,245 1,940 1,269 1,491 5.3 3.4 3.9

Georgia

5,225,787 5,248,482 5,267,895 179,894 145,435 177,557 3.4 2.8 3.4

Albany

65,296 64,578 64,620 2,840 2,225 2,607 4.3 3.4 4.0

Athens-Clarke County

98,217 99,296 100,333 3,232 2,656 3,255 3.3 2.7 3.2

Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell

3,170,874 3,199,920 3,212,484 105,466 84,375 102,990 3.3 2.6 3.2

Augusta-Richmond County

263,807 260,671 260,155 10,090 8,507 10,305 3.8 3.3 4.0

Brunswick

52,745 53,446 53,601 1,820 1,447 1,744 3.5 2.7 3.3

Columbus

121,172 121,961 123,174 5,061 3,983 5,030 4.2 3.3 4.1

Dalton

59,110 58,336 58,984 2,449 2,364 2,957 4.1 4.1 5.0

Gainesville

106,229 108,074 108,664 2,791 2,375 2,902 2.6 2.2 2.7

Hinesville

34,641 34,543 34,759 1,237 983 1,218 3.6 2.8 3.5

Macon-Bibb County

100,837 99,773 99,921 3,920 3,140 3,766 3.9 3.1 3.8

Rome

43,429 44,717 45,034 1,556 1,258 1,627 3.6 2.8 3.6

Savannah

198,073 197,325 197,309 6,712 5,041 6,079 3.4 2.6 3.1

Valdosta

63,694 62,257 62,759 2,263 1,855 2,298 3.6 3.0 3.7

Warner Robins

87,324 86,170 86,593 3,046 2,502 2,948 3.5 2.9 3.4

Hawaii

668,908 680,927 678,208 21,768 23,514 21,160 3.3 3.5 3.1

Kahului-Wailuku-Lahaina

86,563 87,661 88,285 3,131 2,902 2,722 3.6 3.3 3.1

Urban Honolulu

452,394 461,503 458,531 14,328 15,776 14,105 3.2 3.4 3.1

Idaho

936,030 952,696 957,102 32,522 22,824 29,866 3.5 2.4 3.1

Boise City

406,957 410,087 416,239 12,839 8,915 11,585 3.2 2.2 2.8

Coeur d'Alene

83,974 83,923 85,532 3,886 2,810 3,645 4.6 3.3 4.3

Idaho Falls

79,276 79,993 80,379 2,374 1,650 2,196 3.0 2.1 2.7

Lewiston

31,960 31,688 31,784 1,189 964 1,093 3.7 3.0 3.4

Pocatello

43,678 43,610 44,654 1,522 987 1,268 3.5 2.3 2.8

Twin Falls

55,466 62,793 61,736 1,916 1,461 2,039 3.5 2.3 3.3

Illinois

6,440,896 6,438,153 6,412,078 345,550 260,429 302,789 5.4 4.0 4.7

Bloomington

94,669 96,419 93,937 4,094 2,833 3,435 4.3 2.9 3.7

Carbondale-Marion

56,908 58,047 56,249 3,045 2,012 2,436 5.4 3.5 4.3

Champaign-Urbana

124,433 123,905 123,081 5,499 3,858 4,652 4.4 3.1 3.8

Chicago-Naperville-Elgin

4,940,760 4,946,683 4,943,904 257,571 204,857 232,553 5.2 4.1 4.7

Danville

31,865 31,578 31,271 1,986 1,395 1,773 6.2 4.4 5.7

Davenport-Moline-Rock Island(1)

185,743 185,853 183,846 9,146 6,707 8,298 4.9 3.6 4.5

Decatur

45,844 44,996 44,501 3,213 2,020 2,413 7.0 4.5 5.4

Kankakee

52,017 51,686 51,243 3,585 2,455 3,104 6.9 4.7 6.1

Peoria

167,941 168,958 167,979 9,904 6,538 8,388 5.9 3.9 5.0

Rockford

159,313 157,541 155,177 13,255 7,310 9,037 8.3 4.6 5.8

Springfield

102,830 102,761 102,066 5,376 3,504 4,345 5.2 3.4 4.3

Indiana

3,353,322 3,396,110 3,395,175 109,517 87,295 113,739 3.3 2.6 3.4

Bloomington

80,217 79,347 81,223 2,313 1,741 2,503 2.9 2.2 3.1

Columbus

43,140 44,602 44,416 1,112 880 1,201 2.6 2.0 2.7

Elkhart-Goshen

116,907 116,222 117,959 2,705 3,266 5,774 2.3 2.8 4.9

Evansville

157,322 158,964 158,570 5,132 3,924 4,858 3.3 2.5 3.1

Fort Wayne

218,465 220,879 220,762 6,689 5,063 6,572 3.1 2.3 3.0

Indianapolis-Carmel-Anderson

1,096,185 1,118,266 1,118,437 33,312 25,176 31,791 3.0 2.3 2.8

Kokomo

33,797 32,984 32,619 1,814 1,432 1,541 5.4 4.3 4.7

Lafayette-West Lafayette

111,358 112,333 111,875 3,429 2,344 3,246 3.1 2.1 2.9

Michigan City-La Porte

46,567 46,951 46,983 2,013 1,592 2,059 4.3 3.4 4.4

Muncie

51,183 51,653 51,208 1,982 1,421 1,892 3.9 2.8 3.7

South Bend-Mishawaka

153,168 155,116 155,876 5,808 5,133 6,568 3.8 3.3 4.2

Terre Haute

71,089 72,420 72,364 2,825 2,224 2,788 4.0 3.1 3.9

Iowa

1,698,672 1,716,118 1,707,508 61,978 49,754 60,090 3.6 2.9 3.5

Ames

56,654 61,058 59,113 1,330 1,103 1,229 2.3 1.8 2.1

Cedar Rapids

143,876 144,955 144,566 5,679 4,747 5,620 3.9 3.3 3.9

Des Moines-West Des Moines

368,848 377,553 379,951 12,557 9,933 12,625 3.4 2.6 3.3

Dubuque

55,992 56,534 57,104 2,216 1,702 2,086 4.0 3.0 3.7

Iowa City

97,157 98,318 98,556 2,746 2,261 2,521 2.8 2.3 2.6

Sioux City

92,989 94,503 94,236 2,987 2,674 2,734 3.2 2.8 2.9

Waterloo-Cedar Falls

87,000 88,938 88,098 3,244 2,701 3,075 3.7 3.0 3.5

Kansas

1,493,175 1,507,786 1,506,991 39,966 36,930 43,525 2.7 2.4 2.9

Lawrence

65,668 66,361 67,508 1,680 1,586 1,911 2.6 2.4 2.8

Manhattan

46,442 47,509 48,642 1,201 1,170 1,350 2.6 2.5 2.8

Topeka

120,237 120,891 120,379 3,395 3,058 3,731 2.8 2.5 3.1

Wichita

316,918 319,125 319,499 10,302 8,710 10,213 3.3 2.7 3.2

Kentucky

2,038,241 2,030,826 2,037,223 90,803 66,610 84,885 4.5 3.3 4.2

Bowling Green

82,709 84,127 83,994 3,332 2,611 3,284 4.0 3.1 3.9

Elizabethtown-Fort Knox

64,471 63,507 64,053 2,941 2,227 2,866 4.6 3.5 4.5

Lexington-Fayette

272,348 275,275 274,711 9,032 7,087 8,625 3.3 2.6 3.1

Louisville/Jefferson County

667,889 660,015 663,673 28,805 17,904 25,066 4.3 2.7 3.8

Owensboro

53,653 53,017 52,977 2,099 1,959 2,249 3.9 3.7 4.2

Louisiana

2,064,394 2,083,961 2,082,168 87,108 66,596 75,729 4.2 3.2 3.6

Alexandria

63,383 64,895 64,327 2,228 1,947 2,162 3.5 3.0 3.4

Baton Rouge

423,085 431,987 431,293 15,983 12,295 14,008 3.8 2.8 3.2

Hammond

56,475 56,601 56,365 2,810 2,177 2,449 5.0 3.8 4.3

Houma-Thibodaux

83,174 83,963 83,472 3,731 2,594 2,891 4.5 3.1 3.5

Lafayette

211,924 213,002 212,366 8,244 6,521 7,286 3.9 3.1 3.4

Lake Charles

97,112 95,756 95,181 3,852 2,930 3,301 4.0 3.1 3.5

Monroe

79,244 79,495 79,141 3,219 2,588 2,966 4.1 3.3 3.7

New Orleans-Metairie

582,712 590,291 591,740 26,777 18,835 21,647 4.6 3.2 3.7

Shreveport-Bossier City

184,315 184,600 184,379 7,633 6,120 6,901 4.1 3.3 3.7

Maine

672,354 666,164 667,775 28,989 17,994 18,710 4.3 2.7 2.8

Bangor

68,565 69,331 69,007 2,832 1,718 1,751 4.1 2.5 2.5

Lewiston-Auburn

53,635 53,283 53,141 2,281 1,472 1,469 4.3 2.8 2.8

Portland-South Portland

202,747 203,650 202,796 7,207 4,448 4,421 3.6 2.2 2.2

Maryland

3,153,658 3,163,206 3,153,148 120,502 79,530 93,989 3.8 2.5 3.0

Baltimore-Columbia-Towson

1,477,695 1,475,863 1,470,027 54,747 36,839 43,603 3.7 2.5 3.0

California-Lexington Park

57,513 57,373 57,157 1,812 1,353 1,592 3.2 2.4 2.8

Cumberland

43,146 43,654 43,440 2,150 1,421 1,885 5.0 3.3 4.3

Hagerstown-Martinsburg

132,215 131,677 131,263 4,493 3,389 4,239 3.4 2.6 3.2

Massachusetts

3,740,152 3,715,508 3,760,979 173,233 123,092 153,140 4.6 3.3 4.1

Barnstable Town

116,828 117,786 119,636 7,831 5,415 7,297 6.7 4.6 6.1

Boston-Cambridge-Nashua

2,787,812 2,773,312 2,812,489 113,718 82,671 101,716 4.1 3.0 3.6

Leominster-Gardner

78,884 78,734 79,381 4,293 3,124 3,844 5.4 4.0 4.8

New Bedford

85,027 83,728 85,010 6,043 4,103 5,274 7.1 4.9 6.2

Pittsfield

41,028 40,122 40,623 2,403 1,775 2,101 5.9 4.4 5.2

Springfield

369,161 368,744 369,536 19,947 13,893 17,186 5.4 3.8 4.7

Worcester

362,019 357,503 361,034 17,263 12,024 15,126 4.8 3.4 4.2

Michigan

4,779,816 4,820,879 4,813,576 237,928 181,172 229,657 5.0 3.8 4.8

Ann Arbor

191,430 195,674 196,072 6,535 5,885 6,917 3.4 3.0 3.5

Battle Creek

58,951 59,458 59,852 3,167 2,543 3,062 5.4 4.3 5.1

Bay City

48,317 48,806 49,481 2,952 2,409 3,133 6.1 4.9 6.3

Detroit-Warren-Dearborn

2,111,175 2,110,988 2,088,780 102,027 68,384 88,707 4.8 3.2 4.2

Flint

175,832 177,892 178,391 11,502 8,783 10,927 6.5 4.9 6.1

Grand Rapids-Wyoming

571,487 581,286 584,710 21,413 18,010 21,555 3.7 3.1 3.7

Jackson

72,997 73,452 74,127 3,730 2,932 3,628 5.1 4.0 4.9

Kalamazoo-Portage

162,936 164,895 166,232 7,282 6,365 7,659 4.5 3.9 4.6

Lansing-East Lansing

232,196 243,003 244,155 11,457 8,540 12,038 4.9 3.5 4.9

Midland

39,044 39,477 40,043 1,809 1,581 1,968 4.6 4.0 4.9

Monroe

73,451 73,887 74,409 3,595 3,035 3,836 4.9 4.1 5.2

Muskegon

75,805 75,788 76,252 4,482 3,447 4,007 5.9 4.5 5.3

Niles-Benton Harbor

69,401 71,565 72,023 3,619 3,140 3,820 5.2 4.4 5.3

Saginaw

82,873 82,522 83,131 5,173 4,261 5,273 6.2 5.2 6.3

Minnesota

3,052,225 3,085,422 3,062,840 112,330 97,776 102,168 3.7 3.2 3.3

Duluth

139,433 140,348 140,374 6,186 5,380 5,607 4.4 3.8 4.0

Mankato-North Mankato

60,746 62,194 62,336 1,804 1,613 1,658 3.0 2.6 2.7

Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington

1,987,290 2,008,571 1,997,211 65,983 56,962 58,680 3.3 2.8 2.9

Rochester

126,170 126,962 126,671 4,190 3,367 3,699 3.3 2.7 2.9

St. Cloud

110,712 112,149 111,978 4,724 4,033 4,293 4.3 3.6 3.8

Mississippi

1,249,502 1,236,831 1,233,280 58,002 41,105 43,567 4.6 3.3 3.5

Gulfport-Biloxi-Pascagoula

166,303 161,691 161,795 7,944 5,419 5,736 4.8 3.4 3.5

Hattiesburg

68,956 68,486 68,290 2,899 1,986 2,142 4.2 2.9 3.1

Jackson

260,436 261,362 260,200 10,865 7,423 7,911 4.2 2.8 3.0

Missouri

3,034,974 3,063,184 3,056,895 101,324 68,213 86,651 3.3 2.2 2.8

Cape Girardeau

47,142 47,836 47,500 1,459 1,017 1,268 3.1 2.1 2.7

Columbia

97,157 100,039 98,539 2,502 1,702 2,243 2.6 1.7 2.3

Jefferson City

74,362 75,245 75,826 2,006 1,377 1,777 2.7 1.8 2.3

Joplin

83,455 84,060 84,087 2,433 1,800 2,148 2.9 2.1 2.6

Kansas City

1,141,058 1,154,916 1,160,325 34,053 26,647 31,586 3.0 2.3 2.7

St. Joseph

59,393 59,518 59,341 1,787 1,215 1,543 3.0 2.0 2.6

St. Louis(2)

1,449,757 1,456,670 1,451,106 53,327 34,939 44,118 3.7 2.4 3.0

Springfield

239,608 243,524 242,287 6,632 4,566 5,757 2.8 1.9 2.4

Montana

555,351 565,461 568,288 19,922 14,453 16,849 3.6 2.6 3.0

Billings

90,806 91,600 91,534 2,901 2,061 2,342 3.2 2.3 2.6

Great Falls

38,478 39,370 39,574 1,287 994 1,127 3.3 2.5 2.8

Missoula

65,374 67,330 67,440 2,480 1,767 2,027 3.8 2.6 3.0

Nebraska

1,048,602 1,056,963 1,050,943 26,924 24,433 22,983 2.6 2.3 2.2

Grand Island

45,173 45,590 45,958 1,196 1,090 1,067 2.6 2.4 2.3

Lincoln

185,685 189,969 186,433 4,396 4,066 3,747 2.4 2.1 2.0

Omaha-Council Bluffs

499,596 504,887 500,624 14,598 12,834 12,438 2.9 2.5 2.5

Nevada

1,505,999 1,562,272 1,571,313 87,432 80,095 88,567 5.8 5.1 5.6

Carson City

24,573 25,402 25,745 1,006 1,040 1,340 4.1 4.1 5.2

Las Vegas-Henderson-Paradise

1,110,161 1,155,570 1,159,881 72,638 64,760 68,954 6.5 5.6 5.9

Reno

249,897 261,321 263,069 9,011 9,127 11,874 3.6 3.5 4.5

New Hampshire

757,680 767,992 773,634 22,258 19,214 23,743 2.9 2.5 3.1

Dover-Durham

83,422 85,887 85,094 2,350 1,904 2,327 2.8 2.2 2.7

Manchester

120,065 122,337 123,833 3,301 2,885 3,558 2.7 2.4 2.9

Portsmouth

75,684 77,788 77,864 2,066 1,756 2,057 2.7 2.3 2.6

New Jersey

4,657,359 4,775,069 4,811,843 260,370 148,454 192,891 5.6 3.1 4.0

Atlantic City-Hammonton

119,317 123,302 124,303 10,183 5,560 7,292 8.5 4.5 5.9

Ocean City

41,506 43,597 43,032 5,477 3,551 5,017 13.2 8.1 11.7

Trenton

212,774 218,908 221,491 9,664 5,746 7,363 4.5 2.6 3.3

Vineland-Bridgeton

68,876 69,063 70,513 5,375 3,409 4,418 7.8 4.9 6.3

New Mexico

946,519 950,456 949,569 53,022 28,052 36,584 5.6 3.0 3.9

Albuquerque

441,890 442,830 441,194 22,739 11,968 15,609 5.1 2.7 3.5

Farmington

49,261 49,820 49,229 3,239 1,701 2,249 6.6 3.4 4.6

Las Cruces

98,972 100,689 99,690 5,776 3,349 4,534 5.8 3.3 4.5

Santa Fe

71,753 72,305 72,613 3,680 1,854 2,397 5.1 2.6 3.3

New York

9,593,515 9,574,556 9,597,234 533,325 366,139 440,489 5.6 3.8 4.6

Albany-Schenectady-Troy

451,960 453,342 455,745 15,871 12,234 16,262 3.5 2.7 3.6

Binghamton

104,447 103,841 104,266 4,711 3,506 4,774 4.5 3.4 4.6

Buffalo-Cheektowaga-Niagara Falls

541,432 537,375 540,938 23,517 18,194 23,593 4.3 3.4 4.4

Elmira

35,269 34,255 34,599 1,436 1,188 1,531 4.1 3.5 4.4

Glens Falls

58,074 57,663 58,253 2,572 1,950 2,539 4.4 3.4 4.4

Ithaca

48,129 50,242 49,172 1,505 1,279 1,708 3.1 2.5 3.5

Kingston

86,658 86,461 86,692 3,323 2,403 3,264 3.8 2.8 3.8

New York-Newark-Jersey City

10,138,492 10,232,361 10,268,574 602,422 379,154 455,022 5.9 3.7 4.4

Rochester

524,325 516,344 516,526 20,423 15,940 20,755 3.9 3.1 4.0

Syracuse

307,196 309,823 308,123 12,433 9,818 12,818 4.0 3.2 4.2

Utica-Rome

127,679 125,579 127,102 5,565 4,394 5,761 4.4 3.5 4.5

Watertown-Fort Drum

43,784 43,272 43,631 2,163 1,847 2,376 4.9 4.3 5.4

North Carolina

5,087,762 5,126,883 5,155,468 197,624 163,788 190,835 3.9 3.2 3.7

Asheville

234,520 234,341 236,491 7,669 6,010 7,266 3.3 2.6 3.1

Burlington

82,691 82,268 82,693 3,196 2,663 3,022 3.9 3.2 3.7

Charlotte-Concord-Gastonia

1,408,751 1,422,615 1,426,084 52,993 43,422 50,448 3.8 3.1 3.5

Durham-Chapel Hill

311,771 314,429 316,713 10,091 8,653 10,041 3.2 2.8 3.2

Fayetteville

148,924 145,945 147,077 8,098 6,695 7,517 5.4 4.6 5.1

Goldsboro

50,431 50,007 50,402 2,160 1,728 2,020 4.3 3.5 4.0

Greensboro-High Point

363,317 362,713 365,598 15,565 12,919 14,813 4.3 3.6 4.1

Greenville

87,312 87,186 88,211 3,669 3,094 3,602 4.2 3.5 4.1

Hickory-Lenoir-Morganton

173,023 174,236 175,529 6,330 5,078 5,906 3.7 2.9 3.4

Jacksonville

67,401 68,474 69,350 2,900 2,547 2,951 4.3 3.7 4.3

New Bern

51,624 51,394 51,962 1,971 1,665 1,972 3.8 3.2 3.8

Raleigh

756,570 771,653 773,894 24,658 20,809 24,353 3.3 2.7 3.1

Rocky Mount

63,316 61,541 62,011 3,630 2,978 3,367 5.7 4.8 5.4

Wilmington

156,142 159,495 160,576 5,465 4,756 5,543 3.5 3.0 3.5

Winston-Salem

327,960 328,980 332,144 12,325 10,379 11,907 3.8 3.2 3.6

North Dakota

407,942 409,011 409,315 11,763 8,347 10,601 2.9 2.0 2.6

Bismarck

71,775 69,779 70,348 2,103 1,497 1,917 2.9 2.1 2.7

Fargo

145,834 146,249 147,191 3,681 2,745 3,436 2.5 1.9 2.3

Grand Forks

53,694 53,712 54,460 1,603 1,208 1,394 3.0 2.2 2.6

Ohio

5,685,474 5,698,019 5,706,220 272,624 197,925 234,131 4.8 3.5 4.1

Akron

345,090 346,100 344,887 16,990 12,944 14,909 4.9 3.7 4.3

Canton-Massillon

191,564 192,622 192,805 9,596 7,217 8,539 5.0 3.7 4.4

Cincinnati

1,124,977 1,130,514 1,131,556 44,702 33,397 39,593 4.0 3.0 3.5

Cleveland-Elyria

1,008,740 1,010,141 1,018,151 55,994 34,491 42,650 5.6 3.4 4.2

Columbus

1,116,328 1,115,671 1,118,168 43,085 33,521 38,542 3.9 3.0 3.4

Dayton

378,656 380,417 384,945 17,223 13,101 15,035 4.5 3.4 3.9

Lima

46,697 46,097 46,391 2,296 1,657 1,954 4.9 3.6 4.2

Mansfield

50,889 50,396 50,716 2,808 2,207 2,555 5.5 4.4 5.0

Springfield

62,807 62,335 62,623 3,408 2,219 2,694 5.4 3.6 4.3

Toledo

290,670 293,274 292,142 14,704 11,233 12,784 5.1 3.8 4.4

Weirton-Steubenville(1)

49,331 49,252 49,458 2,915 2,271 2,910 5.9 4.6 5.9

Youngstown-Warren-Boardman

227,162 227,111 228,506 13,284 9,939 11,941 5.8 4.4 5.2

Oklahoma

1,868,352 1,886,457 1,892,604 60,359 49,524 60,724 3.2 2.6 3.2

Enid

26,714 26,077 26,199 826 676 833 3.1 2.6 3.2

Lawton

49,915 49,906 50,259 1,854 1,589 1,863 3.7 3.2 3.7

Oklahoma City

706,592 718,740 722,910 21,087 17,477 21,566 3.0 2.4 3.0

Tulsa

481,702 484,899 487,412 16,076 13,047 15,731 3.3 2.7 3.2

Oregon

2,152,329 2,176,351 2,164,739 93,718 99,086 108,086 4.4 4.6 5.0

Albany

61,416 61,687 61,357 2,920 3,085 3,294 4.8 5.0 5.4

Bend-Redmond

102,172 103,082 103,306 4,643 5,094 5,436 4.5 4.9 5.3

Corvallis

48,585 49,857 49,224 1,575 1,823 1,804 3.2 3.7 3.7

Eugene

183,490 182,218 181,665 8,311 9,062 9,681 4.5 5.0 5.3

Grants Pass

36,647 36,851 37,034 2,101 2,414 2,713 5.7 6.6 7.3

Medford

105,818 106,225 106,502 5,075 5,491 6,362 4.8 5.2 6.0

Portland-Vancouver-Hillsboro

1,355,909 1,379,921 1,370,943 55,479 57,682 61,933 4.1 4.2 4.5

Salem

208,352 213,415 211,414 9,088 9,659 10,421 4.4 4.5 4.9

Pennsylvania

6,408,694 6,452,027 6,479,498 315,009 247,618 292,739 4.9 3.8 4.5

Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton

448,325 452,608 454,667 22,290 16,563 20,331 5.0 3.7 4.5

Altoona

58,761 58,471 58,883 2,943 2,388 2,699 5.0 4.1 4.6

Bloomsburg-Berwick

42,590 43,193 42,986 2,086 1,716 2,179 4.9 4.0 5.1

Chambersburg-Waynesboro

77,303 77,988 78,047 3,106 2,528 2,917 4.0 3.2 3.7

East Stroudsburg

81,165 82,029 82,371 4,976 4,201 4,917 6.1 5.1 6.0

Erie

124,991 124,734 126,139 7,351 5,661 6,860 5.9 4.5 5.4

Gettysburg

53,572 54,765 54,743 1,956 1,506 1,820 3.7 2.7 3.3

Harrisburg-Carlisle

300,903 305,697 308,437 12,294 9,647 11,317 4.1 3.2 3.7

Johnstown

55,200 55,116 55,566 3,365 2,736 3,150 6.1 5.0 5.7

Lancaster

284,418 289,123 290,455 11,086 8,305 9,875 3.9 2.9 3.4

Lebanon

72,246 73,680 73,935 2,997 2,225 2,648 4.1 3.0 3.6

Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington

3,176,857 3,215,537 3,235,591 155,462 113,549 134,230 4.9 3.5 4.1

Pittsburgh

1,171,695 1,169,980 1,172,774 59,521 47,508 56,512 5.1 4.1 4.8

Reading

210,946 213,661 214,236 10,395 7,760 9,341 4.9 3.6 4.4

Scranton--Wilkes-Barre--Hazleton

274,533 277,571 279,613 16,062 12,472 15,266 5.9 4.5 5.5

State College

76,308 79,725 77,855 2,943 2,550 2,968 3.9 3.2 3.8

Williamsport

54,923 54,990 55,632 3,114 2,380 2,835 5.7 4.3 5.1

York-Hanover

236,561 237,742 239,294 9,673 7,616 8,925 4.1 3.2 3.7

Rhode Island

566,029 562,580 568,376 24,028 13,110 20,141 4.2 2.3 3.5

Providence-Warwick

699,786 694,767 701,521 32,059 18,635 27,348 4.6 2.7 3.9

South Carolina

2,358,505 2,357,355 2,377,845 92,192 70,510 83,819 3.9 3.0 3.5

Charleston-North Charleston

398,778 405,219 410,594 13,534 10,341 11,993 3.4 2.6 2.9

Columbia

400,660 396,299 398,552 14,340 11,144 13,308 3.6 2.8 3.3

Florence

95,521 94,966 95,624 3,871 2,841 3,435 4.1 3.0 3.6

Greenville-Anderson-Mauldin

436,703 436,533 440,466 14,822 11,626 13,645 3.4 2.7 3.1

Hilton Head Island-Bluffton-Beaufort

87,651 88,903 89,163 3,191 2,595 2,876 3.6 2.9 3.2

Myrtle Beach-Conway-North Myrtle Beach

199,329 203,054 206,733 11,129 8,052 10,249 5.6 4.0 5.0

Spartanburg

165,569 164,513 166,193 6,400 4,896 5,680 3.9 3.0 3.4

Sumter

42,399 41,488 42,010 1,844 1,653 1,946 4.3 4.0 4.6

South Dakota

465,900 472,483 469,043 10,765 10,256 9,730 2.3 2.2 2.1

Rapid City

75,413 77,727 77,193 1,685 1,658 1,500 2.2 2.1 1.9

Sioux Falls

160,625 161,466 161,165 3,346 3,107 3,052 2.1 1.9 1.9

Tennessee

3,345,488 3,300,137 3,332,947 124,433 96,764 118,166 3.7 2.9 3.5

Chattanooga

273,711 271,892 273,199 10,748 7,911 9,153 3.9 2.9 3.4

Clarksville

119,191 118,266 119,397 4,953 4,213 4,940 4.2 3.6 4.1

Cleveland

57,821 56,235 56,738 2,414 1,794 2,101 4.2 3.2 3.7

Jackson

64,956 63,113 63,797 2,344 1,827 2,291 3.6 2.9 3.6

Johnson City

92,421 91,141 91,520 3,211 2,837 3,331 3.5 3.1 3.6

Kingsport-Bristol-Bristol

133,788 134,578 135,777 4,685 4,183 5,005 3.5 3.1 3.7

Knoxville

439,742 433,540 437,294 14,017 11,783 14,255 3.2 2.7 3.3

Memphis

636,024 620,194 624,405 30,847 21,790 26,055 4.8 3.5 4.2

Morristown

53,002 52,436 53,341 2,266 1,619 2,306 4.3 3.1 4.3

Nashville-Davidson--Murfreesboro--Franklin

1,116,112 1,115,102 1,124,564 32,755 26,267 30,863 2.9 2.4 2.7

Texas

14,511,328 14,773,939 14,875,841 675,477 513,171 622,887 4.7 3.5 4.2

Abilene

80,406 81,308 82,279 3,199 2,546 3,351 4.0 3.1 4.1

Amarillo

134,909 135,995 137,006 4,774 3,495 4,378 3.5 2.6 3.2

Austin-Round Rock

1,365,729 1,411,415 1,414,916 45,988 37,225 46,404 3.4 2.6 3.3

Beaumont-Port Arthur

166,356 167,079 168,874 12,719 9,516 11,214 7.6 5.7 6.6

Brownsville-Harlingen

177,372 178,432 180,004 12,384 9,323 10,992 7.0 5.2 6.1

College Station-Bryan

141,953 147,900 147,579 5,301 3,999 5,171 3.7 2.7 3.5

Corpus Christi

202,333 201,590 202,216 12,463 8,474 10,107 6.2 4.2 5.0

Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington

4,201,279 4,312,594 4,345,551 171,987 135,095 163,548 4.1 3.1 3.8

El Paso

372,055 375,134 379,057 18,858 14,027 17,110 5.1 3.7 4.5

Houston-The Woodlands-Sugar Land

3,475,888 3,538,096 3,551,606 177,729 132,818 159,528 5.1 3.8 4.5

Killeen-Temple

183,579 184,264 186,023 9,306 7,150 9,191 5.1 3.9 4.9

Laredo

116,949 117,547 118,279 6,086 4,159 5,310 5.2 3.5 4.5

Longview

96,707 97,133 98,407 4,933 3,647 4,391 5.1 3.8 4.5

Lubbock

168,665 168,486 169,677 6,470 4,842 6,070 3.8 2.9 3.6

McAllen-Edinburg-Mission

372,698 375,941 379,354 30,408 23,470 26,885 8.2 6.2 7.1

Midland

105,434 111,759 113,380 4,105 2,546 3,101 3.9 2.3 2.7

Odessa

81,896 85,044 85,595 4,287 2,599 3,134 5.2 3.1 3.7

San Angelo

55,965 56,492 57,139 2,348 1,668 2,073 4.2 3.0 3.6

San Antonio-New Braunfels

1,240,858 1,257,527 1,267,501 52,939 40,379 49,707 4.3 3.2 3.9

Sherman-Denison

64,841 66,559 67,055 2,749 2,219 2,733 4.2 3.3 4.1

Texarkana

62,237 62,177 62,260 3,222 2,289 2,781 5.2 3.7 4.5

Tyler

111,070 112,357 113,116 4,897 3,725 4,470 4.4 3.3 4.0

Victoria

44,679 44,751 44,686 2,325 1,582 1,915 5.2 3.5 4.3

Waco

133,124 134,653 136,670 5,637 4,261 5,699 4.2 3.2 4.2

Wichita Falls

64,457 64,064 64,630 2,970 2,146 2,675 4.6 3.3 4.1

Utah

1,714,694 1,761,651 1,773,073 42,543 37,320 45,906 2.5 2.1 2.6

Logan

78,288 80,471 80,333 1,644 1,519 1,842 2.1 1.9 2.3

Ogden-Clearfield

346,673 354,690 356,265 8,353 7,400 8,933 2.4 2.1 2.5

Provo-Orem

348,258 355,694 357,886 7,412 7,066 8,635 2.1 2.0 2.4

St. George

85,505 88,154 88,514 2,461 2,073 2,674 2.9 2.4 3.0

Salt Lake City

704,881 726,375 731,581 17,395 15,056 18,461 2.5 2.1 2.5

Vermont

337,420 342,924 342,874 10,333 9,179 9,469 3.1 2.7 2.8

Burlington-South Burlington

123,405 127,058 125,660 2,956 2,703 2,504 2.4 2.1 2.0

Virginia

4,342,684 4,457,897 4,476,141 126,156 117,355 144,983 2.9 2.6 3.2

Blacksburg-Christiansburg-Radford

89,737 95,673 92,172 2,500 2,456 2,995 2.8 2.6 3.2

Charlottesville

120,113 124,268 124,653 3,272 3,035 3,838 2.7 2.4 3.1

Harrisonburg

66,626 68,921 68,524 1,817 1,712 2,129 2.7 2.5 3.1

Lynchburg

119,878 122,957 123,589 3,872 3,678 4,689 3.2 3.0 3.8

Richmond

683,921 704,379 710,316 20,537 19,699 23,922 3.0 2.8 3.4

Roanoke

154,986 160,616 160,868 4,476 4,166 5,251 2.9 2.6 3.3

Staunton-Waynesboro

60,052 62,286 62,445 1,657 1,461 1,868 2.8 2.3 3.0

Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News

838,993 855,268 857,249 26,997 25,232 30,241 3.2 3.0 3.5

Winchester

75,971 78,904 78,425 1,944 1,845 2,309 2.6 2.3 2.9

Washington

3,937,188 4,027,238 4,029,575 185,646 184,170 203,788 4.7 4.6 5.1

Bellingham

115,023 117,449 117,188 6,102 6,003 6,520 5.3 5.1 5.6

Bremerton-Silverdale

129,646 132,085 131,424 6,049 6,036 6,629 4.7 4.6 5.0

Kennewick-Richland

145,859 151,440 151,421 9,360 9,914 10,661 6.4 6.5 7.0

Longview

49,050 50,296 50,161 2,864 2,991 3,270 5.8 5.9 6.5

Mount Vernon-Anacortes

61,433 62,519 62,247 3,669 3,516 3,760 6.0 5.6 6.0

Olympia-Tumwater

148,312 153,138 152,832 7,246 7,312 7,958 4.9 4.8 5.2

Seattle-Tacoma-Bellevue

2,199,626 2,242,794 2,243,508 83,415 78,450 88,233 3.8 3.5 3.9

Spokane-Spokane Valley

288,401 293,437 293,195 16,085 16,881 18,717 5.6 5.8 6.4

Walla Walla

31,315 32,405 32,244 1,740 1,744 1,870 5.6 5.4 5.8

Wenatchee

63,570 65,969 65,456 4,103 4,197 4,669 6.5 6.4 7.1

Yakima

125,143 130,062 129,578 10,627 11,677 12,568 8.5 9.0 9.7

West Virginia

776,175 776,499 774,148 36,041 26,253 32,568 4.6 3.4 4.2

Beckley

44,505 44,787 44,883 2,181 1,582 1,898 4.9 3.5 4.2

Charleston

89,236 87,784 87,741 4,168 2,909 3,540 4.7 3.3 4.0

Huntington-Ashland

143,422 143,434 143,352 6,924 5,402 6,456 4.8 3.8 4.5

Morgantown

70,541 70,277 69,405 2,850 2,063 2,462 4.0 2.9 3.5

Parkersburg-Vienna

38,128 38,090 38,188 2,019 1,421 1,846 5.3 3.7 4.8

Wheeling

60,347 59,128 59,218 3,579 2,519 3,202 5.9 4.3 5.4

Wisconsin

3,063,647 3,045,784 3,039,126 98,068 68,255 81,103 3.2 2.2 2.7

Appleton

130,622 131,225 131,591 3,387 2,435 2,788 2.6 1.9 2.1

Eau Claire

92,197 92,584 92,584 3,036 2,287 2,716 3.3 2.5 2.9

Fond du Lac

56,245 55,562 56,103 1,593 1,018 1,286 2.8 1.8 2.3

Green Bay

171,587 171,726 172,598 4,938 3,504 4,061 2.9 2.0 2.4

Janesville-Beloit

84,764 84,892 85,147 3,181 2,141 2,534 3.8 2.5 3.0

La Crosse-Onalaska

75,640 77,596 76,783 2,165 1,546 1,870 2.9 2.0 2.4

Madison

389,454 394,476 389,644 9,154 6,370 7,813 2.4 1.6 2.0

Milwaukee-Waukesha-West Allis

801,286 798,587 791,176 26,120 17,989 20,707 3.3 2.3 2.6

Oshkosh-Neenah

91,284 92,062 91,923 2,344 1,743 1,978 2.6 1.9 2.2

Racine

97,114 97,150 97,544 3,786 2,413 2,971 3.9 2.5 3.0

Sheboygan

60,526 60,526 60,839 1,553 1,076 1,251 2.6 1.8 2.1

Wausau

73,333 71,746 72,549 1,951 1,361 1,637 2.7 1.9 2.3

Wyoming

286,456 292,126 296,459 12,316 10,374 12,722 4.3 3.6 4.3

Casper

38,635 39,831 40,469 1,967 1,513 1,844 5.1 3.8 4.6

Cheyenne

49,104 49,825 50,683 2,012 1,771 2,120 4.1 3.6 4.2

Puerto Rico

1,207,050 1,222,390 1,215,801 77,527 73,342 68,752 6.4 6.0 5.7

Aguadilla-Isabela

97,295 100,732 100,862 8,103 8,363 8,216 8.3 8.3 8.1

Arecibo

59,118 60,431 60,393 5,024 4,799 4,607 8.5 7.9 7.6

Guayama

21,407 21,678 21,502 1,682 1,724 1,618 7.9 8.0 7.5

Mayaguez

30,626 31,263 31,023 2,302 2,031 1,781 7.5 6.5 5.7

Ponce

100,687 102,660 102,510 8,286 8,548 8,672 8.2 8.3 8.5

San German

38,128 38,855 38,835 3,159 2,862 2,893 8.3 7.4 7.4

San Juan-Carolina-Caguas

812,263 820,395 814,402 44,989 41,118 37,123 5.5 5.0 4.6

Footnotes
(1) For operational reasons, these interstate areas are listed under the state that accounts for the larger share of the population, which is different from the state that contains the first principal city.
(2) The area boundary does not reflect the Office of Management and Budget delineation.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data refer to place of residence. Data for Puerto Rico are derived from a monthly household survey similar to the Current Population Survey. Area delineations are based on Office of Management and Budget Bulletin No. 18-03, dated April 10, 2018, and are available on the BLS website at https://www.bls.gov/lau/lausmsa.htm. Areas in the six New England states are Metropolitan New England City and Town Areas (NECTAs), while areas in other states are county-based. Some metropolitan areas lie in two or more states. They are listed under the state containing the first principal city, unless otherwise footnoted. Data for 2022 in this table have been revised to incorporate updated inputs and adjustment to new state controls. Estimates for the latest month are subject to revision the following month.


LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
Table 2. Civilian labor force and unemployment by state, selected metropolitan area, and metropolitan division(1)
State, area, and division Civilian labor force Unemployed
Jan.
2022
Dec.
2022
Jan.
2023(p)
Number Percent of labor force
Jan.
2022
Dec.
2022
Jan.
2023(p)
Jan.
2022
Dec.
2022
Jan.
2023(p)

California

19,157,660 19,336,344 19,278,135 1,068,647 748,684 894,383 5.6 3.9 4.6

Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim

6,612,833 6,574,236 6,580,319 394,567 262,334 299,716 6.0 4.0 4.6

Anaheim-Santa Ana-Irvine

1,577,298 1,608,725 1,595,075 66,565 43,866 53,759 4.2 2.7 3.4

Los Angeles-Long Beach-Glendale

5,035,535 4,965,511 4,985,244 328,002 218,468 245,957 6.5 4.4 4.9

San Francisco-Oakland-Hayward

2,508,703 2,552,704 2,537,307 101,201 67,363 83,694 4.0 2.6 3.3

Oakland-Hayward-Berkeley

1,368,946 1,383,901 1,375,010 62,200 41,643 51,471 4.5 3.0 3.7

San Francisco-Redwood City-South San Francisco

1,009,775 1,037,210 1,031,543 34,547 22,559 28,234 3.4 2.2 2.7

San Rafael

129,982 131,593 130,754 4,454 3,161 3,989 3.4 2.4 3.1

District of Columbia

380,671 386,520 392,982 23,937 15,733 19,254 6.3 4.1 4.9

Washington-Arlington-Alexandria(2)

3,373,592 3,422,792 3,439,904 116,484 86,238 103,918 3.5 2.5 3.0

Silver Spring-Frederick-Rockville(3)

675,912 679,884 682,295 22,069 14,901 16,676 3.3 2.2 2.4

Washington-Arlington-Alexandria(2)

2,697,680 2,742,908 2,757,609 94,415 71,337 87,242 3.5 2.6 3.2

Florida

10,592,114 10,862,301 10,851,555 396,676 250,216 279,731 3.7 2.3 2.6

Miami-Fort Lauderdale-West Palm Beach

3,163,428 3,227,327 3,206,284 111,975 68,190 73,182 3.5 2.1 2.3

Fort Lauderdale-Pompano Beach-Deerfield Beach

1,051,021 1,064,280 1,063,743 40,446 23,299 26,531 3.8 2.2 2.5

Miami-Miami Beach-Kendall

1,358,707 1,397,307 1,374,530 43,774 27,771 26,974 3.2 2.0 2.0

West Palm Beach-Boca Raton-Delray Beach

753,700 765,740 768,011 27,755 17,120 19,677 3.7 2.2 2.6

Illinois

6,440,896 6,438,153 6,412,078 345,550 260,429 302,789 5.4 4.0 4.7

Chicago-Naperville-Elgin(2)

4,940,760 4,946,683 4,943,904 257,571 204,857 232,553 5.2 4.1 4.7

Chicago-Naperville-Arlington Heights

3,843,140 3,838,545 3,850,346 199,290 162,187 179,768 5.2 4.2 4.7

Elgin

315,881 317,706 311,907 18,923 12,787 16,393 6.0 4.0 5.3

Gary(3)

331,569 338,004 336,011 15,621 13,214 15,421 4.7 3.9 4.6

Lake County-Kenosha County(2)

450,170 452,428 445,640 23,737 16,669 20,971 5.3 3.7 4.7

Massachusetts

3,740,152 3,715,508 3,760,979 173,233 123,092 153,140 4.6 3.3 4.1

Boston-Cambridge-Nashua(2)

2,787,812 2,773,312 2,812,489 113,718 82,671 101,716 4.1 3.0 3.6

Boston-Cambridge-Newton

1,669,849 1,659,426 1,682,257 64,630 46,608 57,256 3.9 2.8 3.4

Brockton-Bridgewater-Easton

109,334 108,925 109,795 5,774 4,098 4,967 5.3 3.8 4.5

Framingham

157,885 155,859 158,276 6,091 4,270 5,433 3.9 2.7 3.4

Haverhill-Newburyport-Amesbury Town(2)

116,465 116,201 117,954 4,714 3,563 4,429 4.0 3.1 3.8

Lawrence-Methuen Town-Salem(2)

99,012 98,469 100,439 5,770 4,336 5,127 5.8 4.4 5.1

Lowell-Billerica-Chelmsford(2)

195,664 193,907 196,584 8,421 6,234 7,572 4.3 3.2 3.9

Lynn-Saugus-Marblehead

85,101 84,402 85,802 4,340 2,961 3,667 5.1 3.5 4.3

Nashua(2)

176,138 178,367 181,354 5,457 4,725 5,892 3.1 2.6 3.2

Peabody-Salem-Beverly

92,499 92,622 93,639 3,982 2,803 3,399 4.3 3.0 3.6

Taunton-Middleborough-Norton

85,865 85,134 86,389 4,539 3,073 3,974 5.3 3.6 4.6

Michigan

4,779,816 4,820,879 4,813,576 237,928 181,172 229,657 5.0 3.8 4.8

Detroit-Warren-Dearborn

2,111,175 2,110,988 2,088,780 102,027 68,384 88,707 4.8 3.2 4.2

Detroit-Dearborn-Livonia

794,340 791,297 784,696 46,431 30,087 38,843 5.8 3.8 5.0

Warren-Troy-Farmington Hills

1,316,836 1,319,691 1,304,085 55,597 38,297 49,864 4.2 2.9 3.8

New York

9,593,515 9,574,556 9,597,234 533,325 366,139 440,489 5.6 3.8 4.6

New York-Newark-Jersey City(2)

10,138,492 10,232,361 10,268,574 602,422 379,154 455,022 5.9 3.7 4.4

Dutchess County-Putnam County

194,572 192,361 191,314 6,922 5,123 6,631 3.6 2.7 3.5

Nassau County-Suffolk County

1,508,706 1,515,967 1,515,702 53,399 39,636 52,201 3.5 2.6 3.4

Newark(3)

1,279,854 1,304,133 1,317,323 70,812 41,109 53,317 5.5 3.2 4.0

New York-Jersey City-White Plains(2)

7,155,360 7,219,900 7,244,235 471,289 293,286 342,873 6.6 4.1 4.7

Pennsylvania

6,408,694 6,452,027 6,479,498 315,009 247,618 292,739 4.9 3.8 4.5

Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington(2)

3,176,857 3,215,537 3,235,591 155,462 113,549 134,230 4.9 3.5 4.1

Camden(3)

670,157 684,323 691,623 36,473 21,697 27,793 5.4 3.2 4.0

Montgomery County-Bucks County-Chester County

1,095,488 1,109,836 1,117,380 41,730 33,401 39,323 3.8 3.0 3.5

Philadelphia

1,021,383 1,031,718 1,035,695 57,810 43,952 49,911 5.7 4.3 4.8

Wilmington(3)

389,829 389,660 390,893 19,449 14,499 17,203 5.0 3.7 4.4

Texas

14,511,328 14,773,939 14,875,841 675,477 513,171 622,887 4.7 3.5 4.2

Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington

4,201,279 4,312,594 4,345,551 171,987 135,095 163,548 4.1 3.1 3.8

Dallas-Plano-Irving

2,844,485 2,920,511 2,945,105 114,892 91,309 110,360 4.0 3.1 3.7

Fort Worth-Arlington

1,356,794 1,392,083 1,400,446 57,095 43,786 53,188 4.2 3.1 3.8

Washington

3,937,188 4,027,238 4,029,575 185,646 184,170 203,788 4.7 4.6 5.1

Seattle-Tacoma-Bellevue

2,199,626 2,242,794 2,243,508 83,415 78,450 88,233 3.8 3.5 3.9

Seattle-Bellevue-Everett

1,746,166 1,779,111 1,780,991 58,323 53,616 61,101 3.3 3.0 3.4

Tacoma-Lakewood

453,460 463,683 462,517 25,092 24,834 27,132 5.5 5.4 5.9

Footnotes
(1) These 11 areas contain all of the 38 metropolitan divisions.
(2) Part of the area (or division) is in one or more adjacent states.
(3) All of the division is in one or more adjacent states.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data refer to place of residence. Area delineations are based on Office of Management and Budget Bulletin No. 18-03, dated April 10, 2018, and are available on the BLS website at https://www.bls.gov/lau/lausmsa.htm. Areas in the six New England states are Metropolitan New England City and Town Areas (NECTAs), while areas in other states are county-based. Some metropolitan areas lie in two or more states. They are listed under the state containing the first principal city. Metropolitan divisions are listed under their metropolitan areas. Some divisions lie in more than one state, and some, like Camden, NJ, are totally outside the states under which their metropolitan areas are listed. For Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV, the metropolitan area and division titles are identical. Data for 2022 in this table have been revised to incorporate updated inputs and adjustment to new state controls. Estimates for the latest month are subject to revision the following month.


ESTABLISHMENT DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
Table 3. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by state and metropolitan area, not seasonally adjusted
[In thousands]
State and area December January Change from
January 2022 to January 2023(p)
2021 2022 2022 2023(p) Number Percent

Alabama

2,098.8 2,146.4 2,065.3 2,119.4 54.1 2.6

Anniston-Oxford-Jacksonville

46.9 47.7 46.2 47.2 1.0 2.2

Auburn-Opelika

68.8 71.7 67.7 70.9 3.2 4.7

Birmingham-Hoover

555.3 560.8 546.3 552.9 6.6 1.2

Daphne-Fairhope-Foley

82.6 85.6 81.2 84.3 3.1 3.8

Decatur

58.8 60.4 57.5 59.7 2.2 3.8

Dothan

60.9 63.3 60.1 62.3 2.2 3.7

Florence-Muscle Shoals

57.7 58.1 56.3 57.4 1.1 2.0

Gadsden

34.1 34.4 33.6 33.6 0.0 0.0

Huntsville

259.5 269.8 255.9 267.3 11.4 4.5

Mobile

187.6 192.2 185.2 189.4 4.2 2.3

Montgomery

179.4 181.6 175.5 178.5 3.0 1.7

Tuscaloosa

108.7 113.1 107.1 111.8 4.7 4.4


Alaska

303.3 311.1 299.5 309.8 10.3 3.4

Anchorage

170.4 174.4 166.9 172.0 5.1 3.1

Fairbanks

35.4 36.7 34.4 35.3 0.9 2.6


Arizona

3,089.4 3,173.6 3,042.6 3,141.0 98.4 3.2

Flagstaff

66.2 68.6 65.0 67.9 2.9 4.5

Lake Havasu City-Kingman

54.9 56.2 54.7 55.4 0.7 1.3

Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale

2,311.6 2,379.5 2,279.2 2,358.4 79.2 3.5

Prescott

68.2 69.9 66.5 69.2 2.7 4.1

Sierra Vista-Douglas

34.1 34.2 33.2 33.3 0.1 0.3

Tucson

396.4 404.6 390.0 399.4 9.4 2.4

Yuma

61.2 61.2 60.7 60.9 0.2 0.3


Arkansas

1,320.2 1,357.9 1,302.9 1,345.6 42.7 3.3

Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers

288.1 303.0 283.5 301.1 17.6 6.2

Fort Smith

113.3 116.0 111.2 114.5 3.3 3.0

Hot Springs

41.3 41.9 40.6 41.4 0.8 2.0

Jonesboro

63.0 65.1 61.7 64.0 2.3 3.7

Little Rock-North Little Rock-Conway

380.8 389.2 374.9 383.6 8.7 2.3

Pine Bluff

31.1 31.6 30.8 31.3 0.5 1.6


California

17,501.9 18,010.9 17,177.4 17,771.9 594.5 3.5

Bakersfield

285.2 292.3 280.7 287.4 6.7 2.4

Chico

77.5 78.6 75.4 77.2 1.8 2.4

El Centro

55.8 58.0 54.9 57.0 2.1 3.8

Fresno

373.4 389.3 366.6 382.5 15.9 4.3

Hanford-Corcoran

40.3 42.7 39.9 41.5 1.6 4.0

Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim

6,176.2 6,331.4 6,036.5 6,254.9 218.4 3.6

Madera

41.6 43.5 40.9 42.9 2.0 4.9

Merced

70.0 71.3 68.7 70.8 2.1 3.1

Modesto

182.8 188.3 180.7 185.5 4.8 2.7

Napa

69.6 73.9 68.2 72.9 4.7 6.9

Oxnard-Thousand Oaks-Ventura

312.5 317.1 305.1 311.4 6.3 2.1

Redding

68.1 70.0 67.6 68.8 1.2 1.8

Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario

1,654.9 1,689.0 1,628.9 1,662.8 33.9 2.1

Sacramento--Roseville--Arden-Arcade

1,050.1 1,076.5 1,032.3 1,065.2 32.9 3.2

Salinas

141.3 145.6 138.4 144.1 5.7 4.1

San Diego-Carlsbad

1,511.7 1,567.7 1,488.9 1,551.6 62.7 4.2

San Francisco-Oakland-Hayward

2,440.9 2,509.5 2,399.4 2,478.7 79.3 3.3

San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara

1,140.4 1,188.4 1,121.5 1,168.2 46.7 4.2

San Luis Obispo-Paso Robles-Arroyo Grande

117.8 120.7 114.3 118.9 4.6 4.0

Santa Cruz-Watsonville

98.0 100.6 96.2 99.9 3.7 3.8

Santa Maria-Santa Barbara

194.2 197.0 190.0 195.3 5.3 2.8

Santa Rosa

201.8 207.5 196.7 204.9 8.2 4.2

Stockton-Lodi

268.3 278.8 264.1 273.2 9.1 3.4

Vallejo-Fairfield

138.6 142.3 135.3 139.1 3.8 2.8

Visalia-Porterville

136.1 141.3 133.9 138.3 4.4 3.3

Yuba City

49.5 51.6 48.1 50.4 2.3 4.8


Colorado

2,835.9 2,894.8 2,788.8 2,847.0 58.2 2.1

Boulder

202.7 206.3 197.4 202.7 5.3 2.7

Colorado Springs

313.0 318.1 308.3 314.2 5.9 1.9

Denver-Aurora-Lakewood

1,569.7 1,597.8 1,546.0 1,569.3 23.3 1.5

Fort Collins

176.9 178.5 173.4 172.8 -0.6 -0.3

Grand Junction

65.2 66.4 63.4 65.2 1.8 2.8

Greeley

107.7 111.0 106.3 108.9 2.6 2.4

Pueblo

63.7 64.7 62.2 63.4 1.2 1.9


Connecticut

1,667.3 1,683.8 1,619.4 1,654.8 35.4 2.2

Bridgeport-Stamford-Norwalk

398.0 402.8 387.2 396.9 9.7 2.5

Danbury

76.0 77.3 73.9 76.1 2.2 3.0

Hartford-West Hartford-East Hartford

575.4 578.8 560.4 569.1 8.7 1.6

New Haven

297.6 302.8 287.9 295.0 7.1 2.5

Norwich-New London-Westerly

120.6 123.8 117.9 121.7 3.8 3.2

Waterbury

66.6 67.1 64.5 66.2 1.7 2.6


Delaware

467.4 478.3 454.8 469.4 14.6 3.2

Dover

71.7 71.4 69.5 70.1 0.6 0.9

Salisbury(1)

161.5 165.8 155.6 162.0 6.4 4.1


District of Columbia

761.0 772.9 748.0 763.2 15.2 2.0

Washington-Arlington-Alexandria

3,296.7 3,355.9 3,225.7 3,307.0 81.3 2.5


Florida

9,287.8 9,705.3 9,180.3 9,610.7 430.4 4.7

Cape Coral-Fort Myers

296.7 311.6 293.5 307.2 13.7 4.7

Crestview-Fort Walton Beach-Destin

123.9 128.9 122.8 128.0 5.2 4.2

Deltona-Daytona Beach-Ormond Beach

215.3 224.2 212.0 223.2 11.2 5.3

Gainesville

150.7 155.6 149.1 154.5 5.4 3.6

Homosassa Springs

34.1 35.8 34.0 35.2 1.2 3.5

Jacksonville

763.2 799.4 751.3 786.9 35.6 4.7

Lakeland-Winter Haven

261.7 272.9 258.1 270.6 12.5 4.8

Miami-Fort Lauderdale-West Palm Beach

2,773.5 2,878.9 2,742.0 2,850.0 108.0 3.9

Naples-Immokalee-Marco Island

164.5 168.4 163.4 165.9 2.5 1.5

North Port-Sarasota-Bradenton

326.0 334.2 320.1 333.5 13.4 4.2

Ocala

115.0 120.0 113.9 118.5 4.6 4.0

Orlando-Kissimmee-Sanford

1,359.8 1,436.6 1,344.1 1,421.3 77.2 5.7

Palm Bay-Melbourne-Titusville

240.2 250.6 238.2 247.5 9.3 3.9

Panama City

83.1 87.1 81.4 85.9 4.5 5.5

Pensacola-Ferry Pass-Brent

189.8 196.6 187.9 195.0 7.1 3.8

Port St. Lucie

164.5 171.4 162.1 168.2 6.1 3.8

Punta Gorda

53.6 55.7 52.7 55.0 2.3 4.4

Sebastian-Vero Beach

56.7 57.7 55.8 56.9 1.1 2.0

Sebring

26.7 27.4 26.8 27.1 0.3 1.1

Tallahassee

191.0 197.0 189.0 195.3 6.3 3.3

Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater

1,458.7 1,523.0 1,441.2 1,515.9 74.7 5.2

The Villages

36.6 39.2 36.7 39.2 2.5 6.8


Georgia

4,745.1 4,885.5 4,673.3 4,841.5 168.2 3.6

Albany

62.1 63.5 61.0 62.6 1.6 2.6

Athens-Clarke County

97.4 100.5 95.0 100.4 5.4 5.7

Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell

2,948.7 3,048.3 2,900.7 3,018.2 117.5 4.1

Augusta-Richmond County

242.8 245.7 238.8 240.5 1.7 0.7

Brunswick

45.0 47.0 44.3 46.7 2.4 5.4

Columbus

121.2 124.3 118.6 123.8 5.2 4.4

Dalton

66.9 67.7 66.2 67.2 1.0 1.5

Gainesville

97.4 103.5 97.4 102.9 5.5 5.6

Hinesville

21.6 22.1 21.2 21.9 0.7 3.3

Macon-Bibb County

102.4 102.8 99.8 101.6 1.8 1.8

Rome

41.6 44.3 41.0 43.8 2.8 6.8

Savannah

198.7 201.7 194.5 199.1 4.6 2.4

Valdosta

56.1 56.9 55.6 56.5 0.9 1.6

Warner Robins

79.0 80.4 78.1 79.7 1.6 2.0


Hawaii

614.7 636.5 599.9 623.3 23.4 3.9

Kahului-Wailuku-Lahaina

74.1 76.4 72.2 75.6 3.4 4.7

Urban Honolulu

441.8 458.5 431.4 447.9 16.5 3.8


Idaho

812.1 835.1 799.9 826.7 26.8 3.4

Boise City

375.0 388.9 369.9 386.0 16.1 4.4

Coeur d'Alene

70.3 72.5 69.0 71.7 2.7 3.9

Idaho Falls

76.5 79.6 76.1 78.4 2.3 3.0

Lewiston

29.1 29.5 28.5 29.0 0.5 1.8

Pocatello

38.4 39.6 37.4 39.7 2.3 6.1

Twin Falls

49.6 50.2 48.5 49.5 1.0 2.1


Illinois

5,993.1 6,125.3 5,837.8 5,997.0 159.2 2.7

Bloomington

92.5 98.1 92.5 95.4 2.9 3.1

Carbondale-Marion

57.7 58.5 54.8 56.5 1.7 3.1

Champaign-Urbana

119.1 120.2 116.3 119.1 2.8 2.4

Chicago-Naperville-Elgin

4,671.7 4,771.6 4,548.4 4,670.8 122.4 2.7

Danville

26.5 27.2 26.2 26.6 0.4 1.5

Davenport-Moline-Rock Island(1)

182.9 184.3 177.6 179.8 2.2 1.2

Decatur

47.9 48.9 47.4 48.2 0.8 1.7

Kankakee

41.9 43.7 41.8 42.7 0.9 2.2

Peoria

167.0 172.2 163.1 170.0 6.9 4.2

Rockford

143.8 149.6 141.4 146.3 4.9 3.5

Springfield

108.0 109.6 104.5 108.3 3.8 3.6


Indiana

3,170.1 3,246.9 3,109.3 3,194.4 85.1 2.7

Bloomington

80.0 80.5 79.1 80.7 1.6 2.0

Columbus

50.4 53.2 50.1 51.9 1.8 3.6

Elkhart-Goshen

145.3 144.1 143.0 141.6 -1.4 -1.0

Evansville

158.4 161.2 154.6 158.1 3.5 2.3

Fort Wayne

229.4 234.4 225.3 230.4 5.1 2.3

Indianapolis-Carmel-Anderson

1,121.6 1,158.2 1,101.6 1,138.2 36.6 3.3

Kokomo

37.1 36.1 35.9 35.1 -0.8 -2.2

Lafayette-West Lafayette

105.6 108.6 104.1 106.2 2.1 2.0

Michigan City-La Porte

41.3 41.6 40.2 40.9 0.7 1.7

Muncie

48.5 49.1 47.1 47.5 0.4 0.8

South Bend-Mishawaka

137.2 139.6 133.8 137.7 3.9 2.9

Terre Haute

67.0 68.2 64.9 66.8 1.9 2.9


Iowa

1,563.6 1,588.9 1,526.0 1,563.7 37.7 2.5

Ames

53.4 55.8 49.9 53.3 3.4 6.8

Cedar Rapids

141.8 144.0 139.4 141.5 2.1 1.5

Des Moines-West Des Moines

378.3 391.4 371.6 387.8 16.2 4.4

Dubuque

60.3 61.1 58.8 60.8 2.0 3.4

Iowa City

99.0 100.9 97.0 99.8 2.8 2.9

Sioux City

87.4 89.9 85.9 88.8 2.9 3.4

Waterloo-Cedar Falls

88.3 89.9 85.6 88.0 2.4 2.8


Kansas

1,406.0 1,449.6 1,383.2 1,433.8 50.6 3.7

Lawrence

52.1 54.0 51.6 54.4 2.8 5.4

Manhattan

40.9 42.3 40.0 42.9 2.9 7.3

Topeka

111.1 113.7 109.1 111.2 2.1 1.9

Wichita

300.8 310.3 296.4 306.1 9.7 3.3


Kentucky

1,960.9 1,992.1 1,913.3 1,963.1 49.8 2.6

Bowling Green

77.6 80.3 75.0 78.6 3.6 4.8

Elizabethtown-Fort Knox

54.1 54.9 53.2 54.4 1.2 2.3

Lexington-Fayette

282.5 292.2 275.4 287.0 11.6 4.2

Louisville/Jefferson County

681.4 689.3 663.9 677.1 13.2 2.0

Owensboro

52.6 52.8 51.3 51.9 0.6 1.2


Louisiana

1,920.1 1,952.5 1,889.5 1,927.1 37.6 2.0

Alexandria

62.1 63.3 60.8 62.0 1.2 2.0

Baton Rouge

409.6 420.0 402.7 415.1 12.4 3.1

Hammond

47.8 48.0 47.0 47.1 0.1 0.2

Houma-Thibodaux

80.2 81.6 78.6 79.9 1.3 1.7

Lafayette

201.6 203.1 198.0 199.8 1.8 0.9

Lake Charles

97.8 96.3 95.9 94.7 -1.2 -1.3

Monroe

78.1 78.3 76.6 76.8 0.2 0.3

New Orleans-Metairie

555.2 567.7 545.8 561.9 16.1 2.9

Shreveport-Bossier City

175.5 177.6 173.7 175.2 1.5 0.9


Maine

626.8 640.1 612.2 626.4 14.2 2.3

Bangor

66.8 69.2 65.2 67.6 2.4 3.7

Lewiston-Auburn

49.5 50.2 48.4 49.2 0.8 1.7

Portland-South Portland

209.0 213.4 203.5 208.2 4.7 2.3


Maryland

2,724.3 2,746.6 2,641.0 2,680.5 39.5 1.5

Baltimore-Columbia-Towson

1,405.2 1,409.0 1,364.3 1,380.5 16.2 1.2

California-Lexington Park

49.3 48.5 47.6 47.8 0.2 0.4

Cumberland

37.6 38.7 36.9 37.8 0.9 2.4

Hagerstown-Martinsburg

105.3 104.9 102.9 102.5 -0.4 -0.4


Massachusetts

3,626.9 3,724.3 3,542.4 3,660.4 118.0 3.3

Barnstable Town

98.1 101.2 93.0 98.5 5.5 5.9

Boston-Cambridge-Nashua

2,748.7 2,813.3 2,693.6 2,775.7 82.1 3.0

Leominster-Gardner

51.6 53.3 50.2 51.9 1.7 3.4

New Bedford

65.5 67.0 63.8 65.8 2.0 3.1

Pittsfield

39.0 39.2 37.8 38.6 0.8 2.1

Springfield

332.9 338.5 319.2 329.4 10.2 3.2

Worcester

289.5 295.4 283.5 289.4 5.9 2.1


Michigan

4,327.0 4,401.2 4,230.1 4,331.0 100.9 2.4

Ann Arbor

224.2 230.4 218.8 226.7 7.9 3.6

Battle Creek

54.7 55.9 53.6 55.1 1.5 2.8

Bay City

34.6 35.3 33.4 34.8 1.4 4.2

Detroit-Warren-Dearborn

1,993.1 2,020.0 1,956.2 1,988.4 32.2 1.6

Flint

136.5 140.0 132.3 136.8 4.5 3.4

Grand Rapids-Wyoming

563.0 579.2 553.1 571.9 18.8 3.4

Jackson

57.8 59.0 56.9 58.4 1.5 2.6

Kalamazoo-Portage

147.8 150.5 144.3 148.8 4.5 3.1

Lansing-East Lansing

228.0 236.2 217.2 230.9 13.7 6.3

Midland

37.6 37.8 36.4 37.6 1.2 3.3

Monroe

40.1 41.1 39.8 40.5 0.7 1.8

Muskegon

62.8 63.9 61.8 63.1 1.3 2.1

Niles-Benton Harbor

60.2 62.7 58.9 61.6 2.7 4.6

Saginaw

83.3 84.1 82.1 82.7 0.6 0.7


Minnesota

2,902.2 2,953.0 2,847.9 2,916.5 68.6 2.4

Duluth

130.1 131.4 127.2 130.1 2.9 2.3

Mankato-North Mankato

56.2 57.8 55.2 57.6 2.4 4.3

Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington

1,929.5 1,961.1 1,894.9 1,932.1 37.2 2.0

Rochester

121.3 123.0 119.4 121.8 2.4 2.0

St. Cloud

104.2 106.8 102.9 105.9 3.0 2.9


Mississippi

1,164.3 1,178.4 1,144.9 1,164.9 20.0 1.7

Gulfport-Biloxi-Pascagoula

161.1 160.8 159.1 160.0 0.9 0.6

Hattiesburg

67.9 68.3 66.1 67.6 1.5 2.3

Jackson

275.1 284.2 271.8 281.0 9.2 3.4


Missouri

2,904.8 2,966.4 2,843.6 2,928.9 85.3 3.0

Cape Girardeau

45.4 46.2 44.1 45.3 1.2 2.7

Columbia

103.4 105.0 98.9 101.8 2.9 2.9

Jefferson City

78.9 81.1 77.9 80.7 2.8 3.6

Joplin

81.9 83.2 80.2 82.2 2.0 2.5

Kansas City

1,100.9 1,135.4 1,084.6 1,124.9 40.3 3.7

St. Joseph

60.1 60.5 58.6 59.5 0.9 1.5

St. Louis(2)

1,400.0 1,423.6 1,367.9 1,399.4 31.5 2.3

Springfield

227.8 233.5 222.7 228.9 6.2 2.8


Montana

502.1 512.5 490.2 503.8 13.6 2.8

Billings

88.3 89.2 86.5 87.2 0.7 0.8

Great Falls

36.2 37.2 35.6 36.6 1.0 2.8

Missoula

64.0 66.0 62.5 64.7 2.2 3.5


Nebraska

1,024.3 1,043.1 999.8 1,023.8 24.0 2.4

Grand Island

42.1 42.8 41.3 42.6 1.3 3.1

Lincoln

190.2 191.9 183.9 186.3 2.4 1.3

Omaha-Council Bluffs

500.7 504.8 489.8 495.6 5.8 1.2


Nevada

1,452.8 1,533.6 1,424.8 1,513.5 88.7 6.2

Carson City

30.4 31.6 29.8 31.1 1.3 4.4

Las Vegas-Henderson-Paradise

1,055.8 1,114.8 1,033.9 1,098.8 64.9 6.3

Reno

256.1 269.5 250.5 264.2 13.7 5.5


New Hampshire

676.8 693.0 664.0 687.0 23.0 3.5

Dover-Durham

52.9 53.8 50.8 51.7 0.9 1.8

Manchester

112.4 115.5 109.6 113.9 4.3 3.9

Portsmouth

91.3 95.1 89.4 92.9 3.5 3.9


New Jersey

4,217.9 4,334.3 4,093.7 4,228.1 134.4 3.3

Atlantic City-Hammonton

126.4 131.4 120.5 127.7 7.2 6.0

Ocean City

38.3 38.4 33.7 35.2 1.5 4.5

Trenton

284.6 295.0 279.0 289.4 10.4 3.7

Vineland-Bridgeton

60.2 61.5 58.5 60.5 2.0 3.4


New Mexico

841.7 859.1 826.3 851.0 24.7 3.0

Albuquerque

399.9 406.9 392.8 401.7 8.9 2.3

Farmington

44.4 45.6 43.5 44.7 1.2 2.8

Las Cruces

75.3 77.9 73.9 76.0 2.1 2.8

Santa Fe

60.9 61.6 59.4 61.7 2.3 3.9


New York

9,452.4 9,738.8 9,158.4 9,500.2 341.8 3.7

Albany-Schenectady-Troy

457.5 469.3 443.1 459.1 16.0 3.6

Binghamton

98.1 99.4 94.3 96.7 2.4 2.5

Buffalo-Cheektowaga-Niagara Falls

541.8 552.2 526.3 540.3 14.0 2.7

Elmira

35.5 35.4 34.6 34.7 0.1 0.3

Glens Falls

50.6 52.3 49.5 51.2 1.7 3.4

Ithaca

63.2 64.4 57.9 60.9 3.0 5.2

Kingston

58.6 60.1 56.7 58.6 1.9 3.4

New York-Newark-Jersey City

9,758.5 10,100.3 9,470.8 9,846.0 375.2 4.0

Rochester

520.2 527.0 506.4 512.2 5.8 1.1

Syracuse

311.0 320.6 300.4 309.7 9.3 3.1

Utica-Rome

121.3 122.5 117.9 120.6 2.7 2.3

Watertown-Fort Drum

40.0 40.4 39.0 39.6 0.6 1.5


North Carolina

4,742.2 4,891.3 4,645.5 4,810.2 164.7 3.5

Asheville

200.6 203.3 195.2 200.4 5.2 2.7

Burlington

65.3 65.9 63.9 64.7 0.8 1.3

Charlotte-Concord-Gastonia

1,296.1 1,340.8 1,272.4 1,314.6 42.2 3.3

Durham-Chapel Hill

334.8 343.3 327.9 338.9 11.0 3.4

Fayetteville

133.4 133.8 131.0 132.0 1.0 0.8

Goldsboro

40.6 40.9 39.7 40.1 0.4 1.0

Greensboro-High Point

362.6 368.0 353.8 363.2 9.4 2.7

Greenville

80.1 81.1 78.0 80.3 2.3 2.9

Hickory-Lenoir-Morganton

156.4 160.9 153.3 158.6 5.3 3.5

Jacksonville

52.7 54.9 51.8 54.3 2.5 4.8

New Bern

46.3 46.7 45.2 46.2 1.0 2.2

Raleigh

686.1 718.3 674.8 704.6 29.8 4.4

Rocky Mount

56.6 55.1 54.6 54.2 -0.4 -0.7

Wilmington

137.9 143.8 135.2 142.1 6.9 5.1

Winston-Salem

272.4 280.3 268.1 277.4 9.3 3.5


North Dakota

424.1 429.5 414.3 424.1 9.8 2.4

Bismarck

73.6 73.3 72.2 72.0 -0.2 -0.3

Fargo

147.4 149.7 143.2 147.4 4.2 2.9

Grand Forks

52.3 54.0 51.7 53.9 2.2 4.3


Ohio

5,497.5 5,576.0 5,388.9 5,471.3 82.4 1.5

Akron

329.2 333.4 320.6 324.4 3.8 1.2

Canton-Massillon

169.2 171.4 164.9 168.2 3.3 2.0

Cincinnati

1,123.4 1,150.1 1,104.1 1,127.8 23.7 2.1

Cleveland-Elyria

1,045.5 1,054.6 1,022.4 1,036.3 13.9 1.4

Columbus

1,136.2 1,150.9 1,117.8 1,131.7 13.9 1.2

Dayton

382.9 389.5 375.2 386.9 11.7 3.1

Lima

51.5 51.8 50.8 51.2 0.4 0.8

Mansfield

50.7 50.8 49.6 50.0 0.4 0.8

Springfield

49.2 50.0 48.5 49.2 0.7 1.4

Toledo

301.8 305.7 292.7 298.5 5.8 2.0

Weirton-Steubenville(1)

39.8 40.2 38.8 39.1 0.3 0.8

Youngstown-Warren-Boardman

208.3 210.5 202.7 207.1 4.4 2.2


Oklahoma

1,692.5 1,729.8 1,656.5 1,705.7 49.2 3.0

Enid

24.2 24.0 23.9 23.8 -0.1 -0.4

Lawton

43.0 43.6 42.1 43.1 1.0 2.4

Oklahoma City

664.9 685.6 650.2 675.5 25.3 3.9

Tulsa

451.1 459.7 440.3 452.3 12.0 2.7


Oregon

1,923.2 1,986.4 1,894.3 1,963.1 68.8 3.6

Albany

47.5 48.6 47.3 48.1 0.8 1.7

Bend-Redmond

88.9 91.3 87.1 90.6 3.5 4.0

Corvallis

42.7 44.6 42.1 44.1 2.0 4.8

Eugene

160.1 161.4 157.4 159.5 2.1 1.3

Grants Pass

27.0 27.3 26.8 27.1 0.3 1.1

Medford

88.7 90.6 86.9 89.4 2.5 2.9

Portland-Vancouver-Hillsboro

1,208.1 1,252.2 1,192.3 1,237.2 44.9 3.8

Salem

173.7 180.2 171.5 178.5 7.0 4.1


Pennsylvania

5,937.3 6,107.8 5,801.0 5,987.1 186.1 3.2

Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton

382.7 394.3 373.0 385.5 12.5 3.4

Altoona

59.5 61.0 58.4 60.0 1.6 2.7

Bloomsburg-Berwick

42.8 43.9 41.7 42.5 0.8 1.9

Chambersburg-Waynesboro

60.9 62.9 59.9 61.8 1.9 3.2

East Stroudsburg

56.4 58.3 55.4 57.1 1.7 3.1

Erie

121.5 124.5 119.1 122.9 3.8 3.2

Gettysburg

33.4 34.5 32.4 33.8 1.4 4.3

Harrisburg-Carlisle

347.4 361.4 340.6 356.9 16.3 4.8

Johnstown

50.7 51.7 49.6 50.8 1.2 2.4

Lancaster

257.3 265.5 251.3 261.8 10.5 4.2

Lebanon

53.9 55.7 52.5 54.8 2.3 4.4

Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington

2,985.6 3,081.7 2,916.5 3,023.2 106.7 3.7

Pittsburgh

1,141.1 1,165.5 1,115.7 1,138.9 23.2 2.1

Reading

175.1 181.3 170.9 177.4 6.5 3.8

Scranton--Wilkes-Barre--Hazleton

260.7 268.9 253.0 263.4 10.4 4.1

State College

76.9 80.4 73.9 76.6 2.7 3.7

Williamsport

50.4 52.0 49.6 51.5 1.9 3.8

York-Hanover

188.1 193.6 184.5 191.0 6.5 3.5


Rhode Island

490.3 497.3 473.0 481.3 8.3 1.8

Providence-Warwick

587.8 596.4 568.5 579.3 10.8 1.9


South Carolina

2,210.8 2,275.5 2,174.3 2,240.3 66.0 3.0

Charleston-North Charleston

384.3 404.8 380.2 401.0 20.8 5.5

Columbia

410.9 418.2 404.2 410.3 6.1 1.5

Florence

92.4 95.5 91.3 93.6 2.3 2.5

Greenville-Anderson-Mauldin

442.6 456.7 436.7 449.6 12.9 3.0

Hilton Head Island-Bluffton-Beaufort

83.6 86.8 81.8 85.2 3.4 4.2

Myrtle Beach-Conway-North Myrtle Beach

173.7 183.3 170.2 181.4 11.2 6.6

Spartanburg

166.9 170.2 163.7 167.9 4.2 2.6

Sumter

39.1 39.5 38.9 38.9 0.0 0.0


South Dakota

445.9 455.1 436.1 447.8 11.7 2.7

Rapid City

70.1 72.9 68.5 71.7 3.2 4.7

Sioux Falls

164.8 168.8 162.3 166.4 4.1 2.5


Tennessee

3,193.9 3,315.3 3,145.4 3,275.2 129.8 4.1

Chattanooga

267.3 278.8 263.2 275.3 12.1 4.6

Clarksville

96.7 100.7 95.6 99.7 4.1 4.3

Cleveland

47.6 48.2 46.5 47.6 1.1 2.4

Jackson

71.3 72.8 70.1 72.0 1.9 2.7

Johnson City

84.8 87.2 83.0 85.4 2.4 2.9

Kingsport-Bristol-Bristol

120.0 124.4 117.6 123.0 5.4 4.6

Knoxville

421.1 438.1 416.6 432.8 16.2 3.9

Memphis

658.4 671.9 645.8 663.6 17.8 2.8

Morristown

48.4 50.3 47.4 49.6 2.2 4.6

Nashville-Davidson--Murfreesboro--Franklin

1,096.9 1,155.5 1,082.7 1,142.9 60.2 5.6


Texas

13,226.3 13,834.3 13,004.2 13,671.8 667.6 5.1

Abilene

74.3 76.5 72.7 75.8 3.1 4.3

Amarillo

125.3 128.3 122.2 126.9 4.7 3.8

Austin-Round Rock

1,236.4 1,311.1 1,219.6 1,290.6 71.0 5.8

Beaumont-Port Arthur

155.2 162.1 153.1 160.2 7.1 4.6

Brownsville-Harlingen

153.8 160.1 151.7 158.1 6.4 4.2

College Station-Bryan

133.5 139.5 128.0 136.0 8.0 6.3

Corpus Christi

187.8 193.6 184.9 190.3 5.4 2.9

Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington

4,010.9 4,223.4 3,945.3 4,179.4 234.1 5.9

El Paso

330.2 342.7 324.8 339.4 14.6 4.5

Houston-The Woodlands-Sugar Land

3,190.1 3,335.8 3,132.7 3,285.6 152.9 4.9

Killeen-Temple

150.3 154.7 147.5 152.6 5.1 3.5

Laredo

106.2 109.4 103.8 107.6 3.8 3.7

Longview

96.5 99.9 95.0 99.2 4.2 4.4

Lubbock

156.1 159.6 153.3 157.5 4.2 2.7

McAllen-Edinburg-Mission

284.6 298.6 281.6 295.3 13.7 4.9

Midland

107.8 118.3 106.1 118.2 12.1 11.4

Odessa

74.5 80.9 73.9 79.7 5.8 7.8

San Angelo

50.7 52.5 49.7 52.2 2.5 5.0

San Antonio-New Braunfels

1,103.0 1,152.3 1,090.4 1,139.6 49.2 4.5

Sherman-Denison

48.9 50.8 47.8 50.3 2.5 5.2

Texarkana

58.7 60.5 58.0 59.3 1.3 2.2

Tyler

111.5 114.5 108.5 113.4 4.9 4.5

Victoria

39.9 41.3 39.4 40.4 1.0 2.5

Waco

130.6 135.3 128.0 134.2 6.2 4.8

Wichita Falls

58.6 59.8 57.6 59.0 1.4 2.4


Utah

1,654.6 1,705.8 1,634.0 1,680.4 46.4 2.8

Logan

72.0 73.5 70.6 72.1 1.5 2.1

Ogden-Clearfield

278.8 284.2 274.7 279.9 5.2 1.9

Provo-Orem

299.6 308.8 298.7 304.3 5.6 1.9

St. George

79.2 82.2 78.1 80.3 2.2 2.8

Salt Lake City

789.9 817.7 778.9 806.1 27.2 3.5


Vermont

303.9 310.2 296.8 303.4 6.6 2.2

Burlington-South Burlington

122.5 124.4 118.1 120.7 2.6 2.2


Virginia

4,036.8 4,134.3 3,954.7 4,078.5 123.8 3.1

Blacksburg-Christiansburg-Radford

81.1 83.0 76.4 78.1 1.7 2.2

Charlottesville

119.5 123.0 116.0 121.0 5.0 4.3

Harrisonburg

69.7 71.6 67.8 70.1 2.3 3.4

Lynchburg

103.2 105.5 101.0 104.2 3.2 3.2

Richmond

687.4 706.7 674.9 702.1 27.2 4.0

Roanoke

160.7 165.8 157.6 163.7 6.1 3.9

Staunton-Waynesboro

51.3 53.4 50.3 52.8 2.5 5.0

Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News

784.4 795.5 767.7 785.1 17.4 2.3

Winchester

68.6 71.1 67.4 69.6 2.2 3.3


Washington

3,469.9 3,584.6 3,410.1 3,548.8 138.7 4.1

Bellingham

93.7 97.1 92.6 96.0 3.4 3.7

Bremerton-Silverdale

93.7 96.5 92.6 95.1 2.5 2.7

Kennewick-Richland

119.6 125.3 117.8 123.9 6.1 5.2

Longview

41.3 42.9 41.0 42.5 1.5 3.7

Mount Vernon-Anacortes

50.0 51.3 49.2 50.9 1.7 3.5

Olympia-Tumwater

123.9 130.0 122.6 128.9 6.3 5.1

Seattle-Tacoma-Bellevue

2,075.8 2,144.7 2,037.9 2,121.7 83.8 4.1

Spokane-Spokane Valley

262.3 265.7 255.9 262.8 6.9 2.7

Walla Walla

29.3 30.1 27.9 29.7 1.8 6.5

Wenatchee

46.5 49.2 45.4 48.1 2.7 5.9

Yakima

87.0 90.5 85.5 89.5 4.0 4.7


West Virginia

697.6 698.8 680.3 685.0 4.7 0.7

Beckley

42.3 43.1 41.2 42.1 0.9 2.2

Charleston

103.8 104.0 101.7 101.4 -0.3 -0.3

Huntington-Ashland

132.4 135.1 129.5 131.6 2.1 1.6

Morgantown

71.4 70.9 68.7 68.7 0.0 0.0

Parkersburg-Vienna

37.7 38.0 36.4 37.0 0.6 1.6

Wheeling

61.1 60.1 58.9 58.5 -0.4 -0.7


Wisconsin

2,933.3 2,984.7 2,873.9 2,926.9 53.0 1.8

Appleton

125.4 129.0 123.5 127.3 3.8 3.1

Eau Claire

87.5 88.8 84.6 86.6 2.0 2.4

Fond du Lac

47.6 48.3 46.7 47.6 0.9 1.9

Green Bay

176.2 180.6 173.2 178.3 5.1 2.9

Janesville-Beloit

68.2 70.3 67.5 69.4 1.9 2.8

La Crosse-Onalaska

77.7 79.9 75.1 77.7 2.6 3.5

Madison

408.7 419.4 398.1 406.3 8.2 2.1

Milwaukee-Waukesha-West Allis

846.8 857.3 832.5 836.8 4.3 0.5

Oshkosh-Neenah

95.7 98.1 94.5 96.6 2.1 2.2

Racine

77.2 78.1 75.2 77.4 2.2 2.9

Sheboygan

61.1 62.2 59.8 61.5 1.7 2.8

Wausau

72.4 72.8 70.9 72.3 1.4 2.0


Wyoming

280.7 286.7 274.2 280.9 6.7 2.4

Casper

38.1 39.1 37.1 38.4 1.3 3.5

Cheyenne

47.9 48.0 46.7 46.9 0.2 0.4


Puerto Rico

939.9 950.2 906.4 933.8 27.4 3.0

Aguadilla-Isabela

56.4 59.1 55.5 58.6 3.1 5.6

Arecibo

37.7 38.2 36.1 37.8 1.7 4.7

Guayama

15.0 14.8 14.3 14.6 0.3 2.1

Mayaguez

34.7 35.2 33.3 34.8 1.5 4.5

Ponce

73.4 73.5 70.3 71.8 1.5 2.1

San German

21.6 21.5 20.2 21.2 1.0 5.0

San Juan-Carolina-Caguas

680.4 685.5 655.7 673.6 17.9 2.7


Virgin Islands

35.2 35.3 34.0 34.8 0.8 2.4

Footnotes
(1) For operational reasons, these interstate areas are listed under the state that accounts for the larger share of the population, which is different from the state that contains the first principal city.
(2) Area boundary does not reflect official OMB delineation.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data are counts of jobs by place of work. Data have been revised to reflect 2022 benchmark levels. Estimates subsequent to the current benchmark are preliminary and will be revised when new information becomes available. Area delineations are based on Office of Management and Budget Bulletin No. 18-03, dated April 10, 2018, and are available on the BLS website at https://www.bls.gov/lau/lausmsa.htm. Areas in the six New England states are Metropolitan New England City and Town Areas (NECTAs), while areas in other states are county-based. Some metropolitan areas lie in two or more states. They are listed under the state containing the first principal city, unless otherwise footnoted. Estimates for the latest month are subject to revision the following month.


ESTABLISHMENT DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
Table 4. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by state, selected metropolitan area, and metropolitan division(1), not seasonally adjusted
[In thousands]
State, area, and division December January Change from
January 2022 to January 2023(p)
2021 2022 2022 2023(p) Number Percent

California

17,501.9 18,010.9 17,177.4 17,771.9 594.5 3.5

Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim

6,176.2 6,331.4 6,036.5 6,254.9 218.4 3.6

Anaheim-Santa Ana-Irvine

1,659.8 1,707.2 1,625.1 1,682.5 57.4 3.5

Los Angeles-Long Beach-Glendale

4,516.4 4,624.2 4,411.4 4,572.4 161.0 3.6

San Francisco-Oakland-Hayward

2,440.9 2,509.5 2,399.4 2,478.7 79.3 3.3

Oakland-Hayward-Berkeley

1,169.1 1,194.3 1,151.2 1,177.8 26.6 2.3

San Francisco-Redwood City-South San Francisco

1,162.3 1,204.8 1,141.9 1,192.6 50.7 4.4

San Rafael

109.5 110.4 106.3 108.3 2.0 1.9


District of Columbia

761.0 772.9 748.0 763.2 15.2 2.0

Washington-Arlington-Alexandria(2)

3,296.7 3,355.9 3,225.7 3,307.0 81.3 2.5

Silver Spring-Frederick-Rockville(3)

592.4 601.2 576.1 592.2 16.1 2.8

Washington-Arlington-Alexandria(2)

2,704.3 2,754.7 2,649.6 2,714.8 65.2 2.5


Florida

9,287.8 9,705.3 9,180.3 9,610.7 430.4 4.7

Miami-Fort Lauderdale-West Palm Beach

2,773.5 2,878.9 2,742.0 2,850.0 108.0 3.9

Fort Lauderdale-Pompano Beach-Deerfield Beach

877.7 903.1 869.0 891.5 22.5 2.6

Miami-Miami Beach-Kendall

1,234.3 1,291.5 1,217.9 1,280.3 62.4 5.1

West Palm Beach-Boca Raton-Delray Beach

661.5 684.3 655.1 678.2 23.1 3.5


Illinois

5,993.1 6,125.3 5,837.8 5,997.0 159.2 2.7

Chicago-Naperville-Elgin(2)

4,671.7 4,771.6 4,548.4 4,670.8 122.4 2.7

Chicago-Naperville-Arlington Heights

3,727.5 3,804.3 3,630.3 3,729.6 99.3 2.7

Elgin

256.0 264.6 249.2 256.0 6.8 2.7

Gary

273.3 281.1 267.4 273.9 6.5 2.4

Lake County-Kenosha County(2)

414.9 421.6 401.5 411.3 9.8 2.4


Massachusetts

3,626.9 3,724.3 3,542.4 3,660.4 118.0 3.3

Boston-Cambridge-Nashua(2)

2,748.7 2,813.3 2,693.6 2,775.7 82.1 3.0

Boston-Cambridge-Newton

1,873.9 1,920.5 1,839.0 1,894.1 55.1 3.0

Brockton-Bridgewater-Easton

79.5 81.1 76.2 78.3 2.1 2.8

Framingham

164.1 166.9 161.6 164.9 3.3 2.0

Haverhill-Newburyport-Amesbury Town(2)

65.7 66.6 64.2 65.8 1.6 2.5

Lawrence-Methuen Town-Salem(2)

81.5 83.4 79.5 83.3 3.8 4.8

Lowell-Billerica-Chelmsford(2)

158.0 160.1 154.2 158.0 3.8 2.5

Lynn-Saugus-Marblehead

43.8 44.5 42.4 44.1 1.7 4.0

Nashua(2)

128.8 132.1 126.9 131.5 4.6 3.6

Peabody-Salem-Beverly

93.1 96.2 90.6 94.5 3.9 4.3

Taunton-Middleborough-Norton

60.3 61.9 59.0 61.2 2.2 3.7


Michigan

4,327.0 4,401.2 4,230.1 4,331.0 100.9 2.4

Detroit-Warren-Dearborn

1,993.1 2,020.0 1,956.2 1,988.4 32.2 1.6

Detroit-Dearborn-Livonia

756.5 769.8 743.6 758.2 14.6 2.0

Warren-Troy-Farmington Hills

1,236.6 1,250.2 1,212.6 1,230.2 17.6 1.5


New York

9,452.4 9,738.8 9,158.4 9,500.2 341.8 3.7

New York-Newark-Jersey City(2)

9,758.5 10,100.3 9,470.8 9,846.0 375.2 4.0

Dutchess County-Putnam County

142.7 141.2 136.2 136.2 0.0 0.0

Nassau County-Suffolk County

1,321.7 1,346.0 1,274.6 1,308.2 33.6 2.6

Newark(3)

1,228.2 1,255.1 1,196.2 1,229.1 32.9 2.8

New York-Jersey City-White Plains(2)

7,065.9 7,358.0 6,863.8 7,172.5 308.7 4.5


Pennsylvania

5,937.3 6,107.8 5,801.0 5,987.1 186.1 3.2

Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington(2)

2,985.6 3,081.7 2,916.5 3,023.2 106.7 3.7

Camden(3)

562.2 573.9 544.7 560.3 15.6 2.9

Montgomery County-Bucks County-Chester County

1,088.3 1,126.7 1,068.2 1,111.5 43.3 4.1

Philadelphia

969.4 1,007.1 946.4 985.3 38.9 4.1

Wilmington(3)

365.7 374.0 357.2 366.1 8.9 2.5


Texas

13,226.3 13,834.3 13,004.2 13,671.8 667.6 5.1

Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington

4,010.9 4,223.4 3,945.3 4,179.4 234.1 5.9

Dallas-Plano-Irving

2,867.8 3,023.8 2,825.8 2,995.5 169.7 6.0

Fort Worth-Arlington

1,143.1 1,199.6 1,119.5 1,183.9 64.4 5.8


Washington

3,469.9 3,584.6 3,410.1 3,548.8 138.7 4.1

Seattle-Tacoma-Bellevue

2,075.8 2,144.7 2,037.9 2,121.7 83.8 4.1

Seattle-Bellevue-Everett

1,746.2 1,805.8 1,713.7 1,787.0 73.3 4.3

Tacoma-Lakewood

329.6 338.9 324.2 334.7 10.5 3.2

Footnotes
(1) These 11 areas contain all of the 38 metropolitan divisions.
(2) Part of the area (or division) is in one or more adjacent states.
(3) All of the division is in one or more adjacent states.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data are counts of jobs by place of work. Data have been revised to reflect 2022 benchmark levels. Estimates subsequent to the current benchmark are preliminary and will be revised when new information becomes available. Area definitions are based on Office of Management and Budget Bulletin No. 18-03, dated April 10, 2018, and available at https://www.bls.gov/lau/lausmsa.htm. Areas in the six New England states are Metropolitan New England City and Town Areas (NECTAs), while areas in other states are county-based. Some metropolitan areas lie in two or more states. They are listed under the state containing the first principal city. Metropolitan divisions are listed under their metropolitan areas. Some divisions lie in more than one state, and some, like Camden, NJ, are totally outside the states under which their metropolitan areas are listed. For Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV, the metropolitan area and division titles are identical. Estimates for the latest month are subject to revision the following month.


Last Modified Date: April 27, 2023