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This National Employment Matrix shows the distribution of occupational employment by industries for wage and salary workers, as well as the distribution of self-employed workers by occupation. The distribution of occupations by industry represents the occupational staffing pattern for each industry.
Each occupation in the matrix is analyzed to identify factors that are likely to cause an increase or decrease in demand for that occupation within industries. This analysis identifies any long-term structural changes in the economy that are expected to affect the demand for an occupation in each industry. Factors are not identified for every industry that employs a given occupation, and an industry can be affected by more than one factor.
For more information, see the “Factors affecting demand for occupations” section of the EP Handbook of Methods.
Other available formats: (XLSX)
2023 National Employment Matrix occupation title | 2023 National Employment Matrix occupation code | 2023 National Employment Matrix industry title | 2023 National Employment Matrix industry code | Factors affecting occupational utilization |
---|---|---|---|---|
Advertising and promotions managers |
11-2011 | Total employment | TE1000 | Demand change - share decreases as advertising sales agents require proportionately fewer advertising and promotions managers. |
Advertising and promotions managers |
11-2011 | Automobile dealers | 441100 | Productivity change - share decreases as consolidation of back office jobs allows same amount of output to be produced by fewer advertising and promotions managers. |
Marketing managers |
11-2021 | Automobile dealers | 441100 | Productivity change - share decreases as consolidation of back office functions allow the same amount of output to be produced by fewer marketing managers. |
Marketing managers |
11-2021 | Sound recording industries | 512200 | Demand change - share increases as an expected increase in marketing activities in the sound recording industries should increase demand for marketing managers. |
Sales managers |
11-2022 | Automobile dealers | 441100 | Demand change - share decreases as growth in online sales will reduce the need for sales staff, including sales managers, on car showroom floors. |
Computer and information systems managers |
11-3021 | Total employment | TE1000 | Demand change - share increases as organizations increasingly rely on IT services, supporting an increased demand for computer and information systems managers to plan and oversee computer hardware and software needs. |
Financial managers |
11-3031 | Total employment | TE1000 | Demand change - share increases as several economic trends, including a greater emphasis on risk management and increases in corporate cash holdings, will increase demand for financial managers. |
Financial managers |
11-3031 | Securities, commodity contracts, and other financial investments and related activities | 523000 | Demand change - share increases as several economic trends, including a greater emphasis on risk management and increases in demand for managing investments funds, will increase demand for financial managers. |
Transportation, storage, and distribution managers |
11-3071 | Merchant wholesalers, durable goods (4232,3,5,6,7,9) | 4230A1 | Demand change - share increases as supply chain management grows more complex resulting in the need for enhanced integration of logistics with business systems and processes. |
Transportation, storage, and distribution managers |
11-3071 | Merchant wholesalers, nondurable goods (4244,8) | 4240A1 | Demand change - share increases as supply chain management grows more complex resulting in the need for enhanced integration of logistics with business systems and processes. |
Transportation, storage, and distribution managers |
11-3071 | Truck transportation | 484000 | Demand change - share increases as supply chain management grows more complex resulting in the need for enhanced integration of logistics with business systems and processes. |
Transportation, storage, and distribution managers |
11-3071 | Freight transportation arrangement | 488500 | Demand change - share increases as supply chain management grows more complex resulting in the need for enhanced integration of logistics with business systems and processes. |
Transportation, storage, and distribution managers |
11-3071 | Couriers and express delivery services | 492100 | Demand change - share decreases as mergers reduce the number of transportation, storage, and distribution managers. |
Transportation, storage, and distribution managers |
11-3071 | Warehousing and storage | 493000 | Demand change - share increases as supply chain management grows more complex resulting in the need for enhanced integration of logistics with business systems and processes. |
Transportation, storage, and distribution managers |
11-3071 | Management of companies and enterprises | 551000 | Demand change - share increases as supply chain management grows more complex resulting in the need for enhanced integration of logistics with business systems and processes. |
Compensation and benefits managers |
11-3111 | Total employment | TE1000 | Sourcing change, capital/labor substitution - share decreases as compensation and benefits activities continue to be outsourced or automated through specialized software. |
Compensation and benefits managers |
11-3111 | Accounting, tax preparation, bookkeeping, and payroll services | 541200 | Sourcing change - share increases as employers outsource compensation research and analysis to companies that specialize in those services. |
Construction managers |
11-9021 | Total employment | TE1000 | Demand change - share increases as technical and process improvements increase the need for construction managers to track costs, materials, and schedules. |
Construction managers |
11-9021 | Other heavy and civil engineering construction | 237900 | Demand change - share increases as technical and process improvements increase the need for construction managers to track costs, materials, and schedules. |
Food service managers |
11-9051 | Motion picture and video exhibition | 512130 | Demand change - share increases as movie theaters continue to expand food and beverage offerings and the number of luxury or boutique movie theaters continues to increase. |
Medical and health services managers |
11-9111 | Total employment | TE1000 | Demand change - share increases as healthcare providers utilize broader team structures which will require increased use of specialized management. |
Medical and health services managers |
11-9111 | General medical and surgical hospitals; state | 62210S | Demand change - share increases as healthcare providers utilize broader team structures which will require increased use of specialized management. |
Medical and health services managers |
11-9111 | General medical and surgical hospitals; local | 62210L | Demand change - share increases as healthcare providers utilize broader team structures which will require increased use of specialized management. |
Medical and health services managers |
11-9111 | Psychiatric and substance abuse hospitals; local | 62220L | Demand change - share increases as healthcare providers utilize broader team structures which will require increased use of specialized management. |
Medical and health services managers |
11-9111 | Specialty (except psychiatric and substance abuse) hospitals; state | 62230S | Demand change - share increases as healthcare providers utilize broader team structures which will require increased use of specialized management. |
Medical and health services managers |
11-9111 | Nursing care facilities (skilled nursing facilities) | 623100 | Demand change - share increases as healthcare providers utilize broader team structures which will require increased use of specialized management. |
Medical and health services managers |
11-9111 | Residential intellectual and developmental disability facilities | 623210 | Demand change - share increases as healthcare providers utilize broader team structures which will require increased use of specialized management. |
Medical and health services managers |
11-9111 | Residential mental health and substance abuse facilities | 623220 | Demand change - share increases as healthcare providers utilize broader team structures which will require increased use of specialized management. |
Medical and health services managers |
11-9111 | Continuing care retirement communities and assisted living facilities for the elderly | 623300 | Demand change - share increases as healthcare providers utilize broader team structures which will require increased use of specialized management. |
Buyers and purchasing agents |
13-1020 | Total employment | TE1000 | Demand change - share increases as supply chains become more complex and additional service contracts are needed. |
Buyers and purchasing agents |
13-1020 | Elementary and secondary schools; state | 61110S | Productivity change - share decreases as new technology allows workers to be more efficient. In addition, the continued use of cooperative purchasing agreements in the public sector will allow localities to use fewer resources and staff to complete routine procurement functions. |
Buyers and purchasing agents |
13-1020 | Elementary and secondary schools; local | 61110L | Productivity change - share decreases as new technology allows workers to be more efficient. In addition, the continued use of cooperative purchasing agreements in the public sector will allow localities to use fewer resources and staff to complete routine procurement functions. |
Buyers and purchasing agents |
13-1020 | Junior colleges; state | 61120S | Productivity change - share decreases as new technology allows workers to be more efficient. In addition, the continued use of cooperative purchasing agreements in the public sector will allow localities to use fewer resources and staff to complete routine procurement functions. |
Buyers and purchasing agents |
13-1020 | Junior colleges; local | 61120L | Productivity change - share decreases as new technology allows workers to be more efficient. In addition, the continued use of cooperative purchasing agreements in the public sector will allow localities to use fewer resources and staff to complete routine procurement functions. |
Buyers and purchasing agents |
13-1020 | Colleges, universities, and professional schools; state | 61130S | Productivity change - share decreases as new technology allows workers to be more efficient. In addition, the continued use of cooperative purchasing agreements in the public sector will allow localities to use fewer resources and staff to complete routine procurement functions. |
Buyers and purchasing agents |
13-1020 | Colleges, universities, and professional schools; local | 61130L | Productivity change - share decreases as new technology allows workers to be more efficient. In addition, the continued use of cooperative purchasing agreements in the public sector will allow localities to use fewer resources and staff to complete routine procurement functions. |
Buyers and purchasing agents |
13-1020 | Technical and trade schools; state | 61150S | Productivity change - share decreases as new technology allows workers to be more efficient. In addition, the continued use of cooperative purchasing agreements in the public sector will allow localities to use fewer resources and staff to complete routine procurement functions. |
Buyers and purchasing agents |
13-1020 | Technical and trade schools; local | 61150L | Productivity change - share decreases as new technology allows workers to be more efficient. In addition, the continued use of cooperative purchasing agreements in the public sector will allow localities to use fewer resources and staff to complete routine procurement functions. |
Buyers and purchasing agents |
13-1020 | Postal service | 491000 | Productivity change - share decreases as new technology allows workers to be more efficient. In addition, the continued use of cooperative purchasing agreements in the public sector will allow localities to use fewer resources and staff to complete routine procurement functions. |
Buyers and purchasing agents |
13-1020 | Federal government, excluding postal service | 999100 | Productivity change - share decreases as new technology allows workers to be more efficient. In addition, the continued use of cooperative purchasing agreements in the public sector will allow localities to use fewer resources and staff to complete routine procurement functions. |
Buyers and purchasing agents |
13-1020 | State government, excluding education and hospitals | 999200 | Productivity change - share decreases as new technology allows workers to be more efficient. In addition, the continued use of cooperative purchasing agreements in the public sector will allow localities to use fewer resources and staff to complete routine procurement functions. |
Buyers and purchasing agents |
13-1020 | Local government, excluding education and hospitals | 999300 | Productivity change - share decreases as new technology allows workers to be more efficient. In addition, the continued use of cooperative purchasing agreements in the public sector will allow localities to use fewer resources and staff to complete routine procurement functions. |
Claims adjusters, examiners, and investigators |
13-1031 | Total employment | TE1000 | Productivity change - share decreases as computer software and Artificial Intelligence (AI) will automate much of this work, reducing the needed number of adjusters. |
Insurance appraisers, auto damage |
13-1032 | Total employment | TE1000 | Productivity change, capital/labor substitution - share decreases as appraisal activities are automated through specialized software and AI. |
Cost estimators |
13-1051 | Total employment | TE1000 | Productivity change - share decreases as cost estimation software has made this work more efficient. |
Human resources specialists |
13-1071 | Accounting, tax preparation, bookkeeping, and payroll services | 541200 | Sourcing change - share increases as companies increasingly contract HR services from these firms. |
Human resources specialists |
13-1071 | Management, scientific, and technical consulting services | 541600 | Sourcing change - share increases as companies increasingly contract HR services from these firms. |
Human resources specialists |
13-1071 | Management of companies and enterprises | 551000 | Sourcing change - share increases as companies increasingly contract HR services from these firms. |
Human resources specialists |
13-1071 | Office administrative services | 561100 | Sourcing change - share increases as companies increasingly contract HR services from these firms. |
Human resources specialists |
13-1071 | Temporary help services | 561320 | Sourcing change - share increases as companies increasingly contract HR services from these firms. |
Labor relations specialists |
13-1075 | Total employment | TE1000 | Demand change - share decreases as the percentage of workers who are union members declines, and fewer unionized workers means less need for labor relations specialists who work with management on their behalf. |
Logisticians |
13-1081 | Total employment | TE1000 | Demand change - share increases as the growth of e-commerce makes logistics more dynamic and complex. |
Logisticians |
13-1081 | Other pipeline transportation | 486900 | Demand change - share increases as expanded pipeline networks, more complex transportation schedules, and volatility in oil markets boost demand for logisticians in pipeline transportation. |
Logisticians |
13-1081 | Freight transportation arrangement | 488500 | Demand change - share increases as the growth of e-commerce makes logistics more dynamic and complex. |
Logisticians |
13-1081 | Warehousing and storage | 493000 | Demand change - share increases as the growth of e-commerce makes logistics more dynamic and complex. |
Logisticians |
13-1081 | Federal government, excluding postal service | 999100 | Demand change - share increases as an increasingly globalized economy will continue to make logistics more dynamic and complex. |
Management analysts |
13-1111 | Management of companies and enterprises | 551000 | Demand change - share increases as an expected increase in business activities and investments into digital technology increase demand to manage and analyze new business operations by managing offices. |
Management analysts |
13-1111 | Federal government, excluding postal service | 999100 | Demand change - share increases as government agencies increasingly seek the expertise of public sector consultants. |
Management analysts |
13-1111 | State government, excluding education and hospitals | 999200 | Demand change - share increases as government agencies increasingly seek the expertise of public sector consultants. |
Training and development specialists |
13-1151 | Total employment | TE1000 | Demand change - share increases as demand for continuous training increases due to accelerating technological advancements such as Artificial Intelligence (AI) and LLMs in the labor market. |
Business operations specialists, all other |
13-1199 | Management of companies and enterprises | 551000 | Demand change - share increases as an expected increase in business activities and investments into digital technology increase demand to manage and support expanded business operations by managing offices. |
Credit analysts |
13-2041 | Total employment | TE1000 | Productivity change - share decreases as companies increase the productivity of credit analysts by using more data and machine learning in the credit risk analyses process. |
Financial and investment analysts |
13-2051 | Other investment pools and funds | 525900 | Demand change - share increases as corporations and investors increasingly seek to protect and grow their assets and investments via funds managed by financial and investments analysts. |
Personal financial advisors |
13-2052 | Credit intermediation and related activities (5221,3) | 5220A1 | Demand change, productivity change - share increases as an aging population drives demand for investment advisory services. This demand will be partially offset by the use of robo-advisors in place of personal financial advisors. |
Personal financial advisors |
13-2052 | Securities, commodity contracts, and other financial investments and related activities | 523000 | Demand change, productivity change - share increases as an aging population drives demand for investment advisory services. This demand will be partially offset by the use of robo-advisors in place of personal financial advisors. |
Insurance underwriters |
13-2053 | Total employment | TE1000 | Productivity change - share decreases as automated underwriting systems will allow more applications to be handled by computer processing, reducing the needed number of insurance underwriters. |
Insurance underwriters |
13-2053 | Insurance agencies and brokerages | 524210 | Productivity change - share decreases as automated underwriting systems will allow more applications to be handled by computer processing, reducing the needed number of insurance underwriters. |
Insurance underwriters |
13-2053 | Other insurance related activities | 524290 | Productivity change - share decreases as automated underwriting systems will allow more applications to be handled by computer processing, reducing the needed number of insurance underwriters. |
Financial examiners |
13-2061 | Other nondepository credit intermediation | 522290 | Demand change - share increases as financial institutions will devote more resources to regulatory compliance, including the hiring of financial examiners. |
Financial examiners |
13-2061 | Credit intermediation and related activities (5221,3) | 5220A1 | Demand change - share increases as financial institutions will devote more resources to regulatory compliance, including the hiring of financial examiners. |
Financial examiners |
13-2061 | Securities, commodity contracts, and other financial investments and related activities | 523000 | Demand change - share increases as financial institutions will devote more resources to regulatory compliance, including the hiring of financial examiners. |
Financial examiners |
13-2061 | Management of companies and enterprises | 551000 | Demand change - share increases as financial institutions will devote more resources to regulatory compliance, including the hiring of financial examiners. |
Loan officers |
13-2072 | Other nondepository credit intermediation | 522290 | Productivity change - share decreases as companies adopt automated systems, which can perform data processing tasks and require reduced interactions with customers, thereby enabling fewer officers to complete loan applications. |
Loan officers |
13-2072 | Credit intermediation and related activities (5221,3) | 5220A1 | Productivity change - share decreases as companies adopt automated systems, which can perform data processing tasks and require reduced interactions with customers, thereby enabling fewer officers to complete loan applications. |
Computer systems analysts |
15-1211 | Computing infrastructure providers, data processing, web hosting, and related services | 518000 | Demand change - share increases as computer cloud solutions and applications expand. |
Computer systems analysts |
15-1211 | Monetary authorities-central bank | 521000 | Demand change - share increases as new digital payment systems continue to be introduced in the financial and monetary systems, requiring more computer systems analysts within the federal central bank system to analyze and maintain the integrity of those systems. |
Computer systems analysts |
15-1211 | Direct insurance (except life, health, and medical) carriers | 524120 | Demand change - share increases as companies require new technology to support digitalization and automation of work processes. |
Computer systems analysts |
15-1211 | Accounting, tax preparation, bookkeeping, and payroll services | 541200 | Demand change - share increases as more devices, including software applications used on smart phones and other devices, will be needed to address data processing problems. |
Computer systems analysts |
15-1211 | Computer systems design and related services | 541500 | Demand change - share increases as computer cloud solutions and applications expand. |
Information security analysts |
15-1212 | Total employment | TE1000 | Demand change, productivity change - share increases as firms increase their IT security staffs and capabilities as a response to increasing threats of cyberattacks aimed at sensitive or financial data, offset slightly by efficiencies gained through increased use of automated and AI technologies to improve security measures. |
Information security analysts |
15-1212 | Computer systems design and related services | 541500 | Demand change, productivity change - share increases as firms increase their IT security staffs and capabilities as a response to increasing threats of cyberattacks aimed at sensitive or financial data, offset slightly by efficiencies gained through increased use of automated and Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies to improve security measures. |
Computer and information research scientists |
15-1221 | Total employment | TE1000 | Demand change - share increases as demand for solutions to complex computing challenges and for developing new technologies, including AI, will support an increased demand for computer and information research scientists. |
Computer user support specialists |
15-1232 | Total employment | TE1000 | Sourcing change, productivity change - share decreases as specialized businesses and industries solve computer troubleshooting needs through automated tools such as chatbots, and businesses find these tools handle most problems their users face. |
Computer user support specialists |
15-1232 | Computing infrastructure providers, data processing, web hosting, and related services | 518000 | Demand change - share increases as the demand for upgraded computer equipment and software increases with the expansion in cloud computing and other services. |
Computer user support specialists |
15-1232 | Computer systems design and related services | 541500 | Sourcing change - share increases as companies outsource their IT needs to this industry, and specialists respond to complex user requests that cannot be solved through increasingly automated software tools. |
Computer network architects |
15-1241 | Total employment | TE1000 | Demand change - share increases as businesses invest more in network infrastructure to support high-tech investments, including Artificial Intelligence (AI). |
Database administrators |
15-1242 | Computing infrastructure providers, data processing, web hosting, and related services | 518000 | Demand change - share increases as the demand for upgraded computer equipment and software increases with the expansion in cloud computing and other services. |
Network and computer systems administrators |
15-1244 | Total employment | TE1000 | Occupational substitution, Capital/Labor substitution - share decreases as job duties are increasingly performed by DevOps engineers and similar roles, including software developers, and as an increasing share of the job tasks are automated. |
Computer programmers |
15-1251 | Total employment | TE1000 | Productivity change - share decreases as computer programming work continues to be automated, allowing computer programmers to become more efficient in some of their tasks. |
Computer programmers |
15-1251 | Computer systems design and related services | 541500 | Occupational substitution - share decreases as computer programming tasks are more commonly performed by other computer occupations. |
Software developers |
15-1252 | Total employment | TE1000 | Demand change - share increases as continued demand for devices to include software components and are connected to the internet, including IoT connected devices, will support an increased demand for software developers. |
Software developers |
15-1252 | Research and development in the physical, engineering, and life sciences | 541710 | Demand change - share increases as research and development of technologies such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), Internet of Things (IoT), autonomous and electric vehicles, robotics and other automation applications, and various other technologies is expected to drive demand for research and development of new software that will enable and deploy these various technologies. |
Computer occupations, all other |
15-1299 | Federal government, excluding postal service | 999100 | Demand change - share increases as the federal government continues to fend off cyber threats from both domestic and international bad actors. |
Actuaries |
15-2011 | Total employment | TE1000 | Demand change - share increases as a greater emphasis on identifying, quantifying, and managing risks leads to greater demand for actuaries to analyze the financial costs of risks and uncertainty. |
Operations research analysts |
15-2031 | Total employment | TE1000 | Demand change - share increases as larger amounts of digital and electronic data are collected over the projections decade. Businesses in all industries will hire operations research analysts to analyze data to help optimize and improve business processes. |
Statisticians |
15-2041 | Total employment | TE1000 | Demand change - share increases as larger amounts of digital and electronic data are collected over the projections decade. Businesses in all industries will hire statisticians to analyze data to help improve business processes and design and develop new products. |
Data scientists |
15-2051 | Total employment | TE1000 | Demand change - share increases as larger amounts of digital and electronic data are collected over the projections decade. Businesses in all industries will hire data scientists to analyze data to help improve business processes and design and develop new products. |
Architects, except landscape and naval |
17-1011 | Engineering services | 541330 | Occupational substitution - share increases as architects take on the duties formerly performed by architectural paraprofessionals. |
Aerospace engineers |
17-2011 | Federal government, excluding postal service | 999100 | Demand change - share increases as aerospace engineers are needed to support the government's increased interest in space, especially given the newly established Space Force military branch. |
Agricultural engineers |
17-2021 | Colleges, universities, and professional schools; state | 61130S | Demand change - share increases as growing concern related to the effects of climate change on agriculture supports increased demand for agricultural engineers. |
Agricultural engineers |
17-2021 | Federal government, excluding postal service | 999100 | Demand change - share increases as growing concern related to the effects of climate change on agriculture supports increased demand for agricultural engineers. |
Chemical engineers |
17-2041 | Chemical manufacturing (3251,2,3,9) | 3250A1 | Demand change - share increases as chemical manufacturing processes undergo increasing complexity and requirements changes (availability, sustainability); there will be more of a need for chemical engineers, who are tasked with designing these manufacturing systems and processes. |
Civil engineers |
17-2051 | Federal government, excluding postal service | 999100 | Demand change - share increases as demand for new infrastructure projects will lead to more demand for civil engineers. |
Civil engineers |
17-2051 | State government, excluding education and hospitals | 999200 | Demand change - share increases as demand for new infrastructure projects will lead to more demand for civil engineers. |
Civil engineers |
17-2051 | Local government, excluding education and hospitals | 999300 | Demand change - share increases as demand for new infrastructure projects will lead to more demand for civil engineers. |
Computer hardware engineers |
17-2061 | Computer systems design and related services | 541500 | Demand change - share decreases as companies increase their focus on software innovation compared to hardware to support expanded use of growing technologies, tempering the demand for computer hardware engineers. |
Electrical engineers |
17-2071 | Total employment | TE1000 | Demand change - share increases as electrical infrastructure is updated and new electrical systems and technology are developed. |
Electronics engineers, except computer |
17-2072 | Audio and video equipment manufacturing | 334300 | Demand change - share increases as innovations in audio and video equipment drive demand for electronics engineers to research, design, and develop new equipment, and facilitate their production. |
Electronics engineers, except computer |
17-2072 | Telecommunications | 517000 | Demand change - share increases as firms require more electronics engineers to implement newer telecommunications technology, such as 5G. |
Environmental engineers |
17-2081 | Total employment | TE1000 | Demand change - share increases as growing public concern around the effects of climate change and the need to improve water and air quality will support demand for environmental engineers. |
Industrial engineers |
17-2112 | Total employment | TE1000 | Demand change - share increases as increasingly complex manufacturing processes, logistics and supply chains drive demand for industrial engineers to design and develop them. |
Marine engineers and naval architects |
17-2121 | Ship and boat building | 336600 | Demand change - share increases as ships and ports in the U.S. continue to come under pressure to meet international standards on the reduction in air pollution from ships, driving demand for marine engineers and naval architects to design and operate ships and port facilities that meet stricter emissions requirements. |
Materials engineers |
17-2131 | Iron and steel mills and ferroalloy manufacturing | 331100 | Demand change - share increases as additional high tech and environmentally friendly materials and processes will be needed to meet production needs. |
Materials engineers |
17-2131 | Alumina and aluminum production and processing | 331300 | Demand change - share increases as additional high tech and environmentally friendly materials and processes will be needed to meet production needs. |
Materials engineers |
17-2131 | Aerospace product and parts manufacturing | 336400 | Demand change - share increases as additional high tech and environmentally friendly materials and processes will be needed to meet the needs of the aerospace industry, e.g. lighter, stronger materials to improve efficiency. |
Mechanical engineers |
17-2141 | Total employment | TE1000 | Demand change - share increases as growing automation and innovation of mechanical and machinery products, equipment, and systems drive demand for mechanical engineers to design, develop, test, and maintain them. |
Architectural and civil drafters |
17-3011 | Engineering services | 541330 | Productivity change - share decreases as software advances allow drafters to perform their tasks more efficiently. |
Electrical and electronics drafters |
17-3012 | Engineering services | 541330 | Productivity change - share decreases as software capabilities allow drafters to perform work more rapidly. |
Mechanical drafters |
17-3013 | Total employment | TE1000 | Productivity change - share decreases as software makes design process more efficient and allows drafters to produce designs for rapid prototype development. |
Drafters, all other |
17-3019 | Total employment | TE1000 | Productivity change - share decreases as advanced CAD software allows design professionals to perform tasks more efficiently. |
Aerospace engineering and operations technologists and technicians |
17-3021 | Navigational, measuring, electromedical, and control instruments manufacturing | 334500 | Demand change - share increases as new aerospace products such as small satellites and drones require testing to comply with FAA regulations. |
Aerospace engineering and operations technologists and technicians |
17-3021 | Engineering services | 541330 | Demand change - share increases as new aerospace products such as small satellites and drones require testing to comply with FAA regulations. |
Civil engineering technologists and technicians |
17-3022 | Total employment | TE1000 | Productivity change - share decreases as fewer civil engineering technicians are needed due to improved drafting software, such as CAD, which increases their productivity. |
Electrical and electronic engineering technologists and technicians |
17-3023 | Computer and peripheral equipment manufacturing | 334100 | Productivity change - share decreases as robotics and automation of tasks such as assembly and testing increase the productivity of workers. |
Electrical and electronic engineering technologists and technicians |
17-3023 | Communications equipment manufacturing | 334200 | Productivity change - share decreases as robotics and automation of tasks such as assembly and testing increase the productivity of workers. |
Electrical and electronic engineering technologists and technicians |
17-3023 | Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing | 334400 | Productivity change - share decreases as robotics and automation of tasks such as assembly and testing increase the productivity of workers. |
Electrical and electronic engineering technologists and technicians |
17-3023 | Navigational, measuring, electromedical, and control instruments manufacturing | 334500 | Productivity change - share decreases as robotics and automation of tasks such as assembly and testing increase the productivity of workers. |
Electro-mechanical and mechatronics technologists and technicians |
17-3024 | Total employment | TE1000 | Capital/labor substitution - share decreases as automation in manufacturing continues to increase. |
Environmental engineering technologists and technicians |
17-3025 | Total employment | TE1000 | Productivity change - share decreases as automation of environmental testing increases. |
Mechanical engineering technologists and technicians |
17-3027 | Total employment | TE1000 | Productivity change - share decreases as improvements in computer-aided design software, knowledge-based systems, and related technologies allow these workers to perform routine tasks more efficiently. |
Mechanical engineering technologists and technicians |
17-3027 | Computer and peripheral equipment manufacturing | 334100 | Capital/labor substitution - share decreases as automation and robotics take over some of the responsibilities of this occupation. |
Conservation scientists |
19-1031 | Social advocacy organizations | 813300 | Demand change - share increases as social advocacy for environmental protection and conservation is expected to increase over the projections decade, driving demand for conservation scientists. |
Epidemiologists |
19-1041 | Research and development in the physical, engineering, and life sciences | 541710 | Demand change - share increases as more research is needed to effectively combat the adverse health consequences of diseases as advances in health technology improves the ability to discover, identify, and understand more about them. |
Epidemiologists |
19-1041 | Research and development in the social sciences and humanities | 541720 | Demand change - share increases as more research is needed to effectively combat the adverse health consequences of diseases as advances in health technology improves the ability to discover, identify, and understand more about them. |
Epidemiologists |
19-1041 | Colleges, universities, and professional schools; private | 61130P | Demand change - share increases as more research is needed to effectively combat the adverse health consequences of diseases as advances in health technology improves the ability to discover, identify, and understand more about them. |
Epidemiologists |
19-1041 | Colleges, universities, and professional schools; state | 61130S | Demand change - share increases as more research is needed to effectively combat the adverse health consequences of diseases as advances in health technology improves the ability to discover, identify, and understand more about them. |
Epidemiologists |
19-1041 | State government, excluding education and hospitals | 999200 | Demand change - share increases as the volume of data shared and analyzed across the National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) is expected to grow. |
Epidemiologists |
19-1041 | Local government, excluding education and hospitals | 999300 | Demand change - share increases as the volume of data shared and analyzed across the National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) is expected to grow. |
Medical scientists, except epidemiologists |
19-1042 | Research and development in the physical, engineering, and life sciences | 541710 | Demand change - share increases as more research is needed to effectively combat the adverse health consequences of diseases as advances in health technology improve the ability to discover, identify, and understand new cures and treatments. |
Medical scientists, except epidemiologists |
19-1042 | Research and development in the social sciences and humanities | 541720 | Demand change - share increases as more research is needed to effectively combat the adverse health consequences of diseases as advances in health technology improve the ability to discover, identify, and understand new cures and treatments. |
Medical scientists, except epidemiologists |
19-1042 | Colleges, universities, and professional schools; private | 61130P | Demand change - share increases as more research is needed to effectively combat the adverse health consequences of diseases as advances in health technology improve the ability to discover, identify, and understand new cures and treatments. |
Medical scientists, except epidemiologists |
19-1042 | Colleges, universities, and professional schools; state | 61130S | Demand change - share increases as more research is needed to effectively combat the adverse health consequences of diseases as advances in health technology improve the ability to discover, identify, and understand new cures and treatments. |
Medical scientists, except epidemiologists |
19-1042 | Colleges, universities, and professional schools; local | 61130L | Demand change - share increases as more research is needed to effectively combat the adverse health consequences of diseases as advances in health technology improve the ability to discover, identify, and understand new cures and treatments. |
Chemists |
19-2031 | Pharmaceutical and medicine manufacturing | 325400 | Demand change - share increases as chemists are employed to investigate findings in nanotechnology for medical purposes. |
Environmental scientists and specialists, including health |
19-2041 | Total employment | TE1000 | Demand change - share increases as growing public concern around the effects of climate change will support demand for environmental scientists and specialists. |
Environmental scientists and specialists, including health |
19-2041 | Social advocacy organizations | 813300 | Demand change - share increases as social advocacy for environmental protection and conservation is expected to increase over the projections decade, driving demand for environmental scientists and specialists. |
Hydrologists |
19-2043 | Management, scientific, and technical consulting services | 541600 | Capital/labor substitution - share decreases as Artificial Intelligence (AI) replace hydrologists for some data analysis activities. |
Survey researchers |
19-3022 | Total employment | TE1000 | Productivity change - share decreases as data collection increasingly occurs via mobile technologies and automated techniques. |
Clinical and counseling psychologists |
19-3033 | Colleges, universities, and professional schools; private | 61130P | Demand change - share increases as more departments add career counselors and psychologists to help students. |
School psychologists |
19-3034 | Colleges, universities, and professional schools; private | 61130P | Demand change - share increases as more departments add career counselors and psychologists to help students. |
Geological technicians, except hydrologic technicians |
19-4043 | Oil and gas extraction | 211000 | Capital/labor substitution - share decreases as improved processes, software, and technology reduce the need for some technicians. |
Geological technicians, except hydrologic technicians |
19-4043 | Support activities for mining | 213000 | Capital/labor substitution - share decreases as improved processes, software, and technology reduce the need for some technicians. |
Hydrologic technicians |
19-4044 | Oil and gas extraction | 211000 | Capital/labor substitution - share decreases as improved processes, software, and technology reduce the need for some technicians. |
Hydrologic technicians |
19-4044 | Support activities for mining | 213000 | Capital/labor substitution - share decreases as improved processes, software, and technology reduce the need for some technicians. |
Forensic science technicians |
19-4092 | Testing laboratories and services | 541380 | Demand change - share increases as technological enhancements point to heightened intensity of physical evidence detection and analysis tasks in criminal investigation, contributing to broadened tasks and demand for forensic science technologists. |
Forensic science technicians |
19-4092 | Medical and diagnostic laboratories | 621500 | Demand change - share increases as technological enhancements point to heightened intensity of physical evidence detection and analysis tasks in criminal investigation, contributing to broadened tasks and demand for forensic science technologists. |
Forensic science technicians |
19-4092 | Federal government, excluding postal service | 999100 | Demand change - share increases as technological enhancements point to heightened intensity of physical evidence detection and analysis tasks in criminal investigation, contributing to broadened tasks and demand for forensic science technologists. |
Forensic science technicians |
19-4092 | State government, excluding education and hospitals | 999200 | Demand change - share increases as technological enhancements point to heightened intensity of physical evidence detection and analysis tasks in criminal investigation, contributing to broadened tasks and demand for forensic science technologists. |
Forensic science technicians |
19-4092 | Local government, excluding education and hospitals | 999300 | Demand change - share increases as technological enhancements point to heightened intensity of physical evidence detection and analysis tasks in criminal investigation, contributing to broadened tasks and demand for forensic science technologists. |
Occupational health and safety specialists |
19-5011 | Total employment | TE1000 | Demand change - share increases as employers increasingly prioritize worker health and safety. This will be largely driven by an increased focus on employee well-being, the introduction of new technologies in the workplace, and a greater prevalence of climate-related hazards. |
Occupational health and safety technicians |
19-5012 | Total employment | TE1000 | Demand change - share increases as employers increasingly prioritize worker health and safety. This will be largely driven by an increased focus on employee well-being, the introduction of new technologies in the workplace, and a greater prevalence of climate-related hazards. |
Educational, guidance, and career counselors and advisors |
21-1012 | Colleges, universities, and professional schools; private | 61130P | Demand change - share increases as more departments add career counselors to help students. |
Educational, guidance, and career counselors and advisors |
21-1012 | Colleges, universities, and professional schools; state | 61130S | Demand change - share increases as more departments add career counselors to help students get jobs. |
Substance abuse, behavioral disorder, and mental health counselors |
21-1018 | Research and development in the social sciences and humanities | 541720 | Demand change - share increases as a stronger emphasis on holistic care and treatment in health care models increases demand for research in the fields of substance abuse and mental health. |
Substance abuse, behavioral disorder, and mental health counselors |
21-1018 | Offices of mental health practitioners (except physicians) | 621330 | Demand change - share increases as demand rises for treatment of patients with mental and behavioral issues, including opioid addiction. |
Community health workers |
21-1094 | Total employment | TE1000 | Demand change - share increases as community health workers are uniquely positioned to support cost-effective healthcare services, such as advising members of the public or community groups on issues related to improving general health, including diet, exercise, and reducing the spread of communicable diseases. |
Directors, religious activities and education |
21-2021 | Elementary and secondary schools; local | 61110L | Demand change - share increases as more families are able to choose religious based schools. |
Paralegals and legal assistants |
23-2011 | Total employment | TE1000 | Productivity change - share decreases as tasks such as conducting research and preparing documents are increasingly automated via technology including Artificial Intelligence (AI), reducing the need for these workers. |
Paralegals and legal assistants |
23-2011 | Legal services | 541100 | Productivity change - share decreases as tasks such as conducting research and preparing documents are increasingly automated via technology including Artificial Intelligence (AI), reducing the need for these workers. |
Paralegals and legal assistants |
23-2011 | Federal government, excluding postal service | 999100 | Productivity change - share decreases as tasks such as conducting research and preparing documents are increasingly automated via technology including Artificial Intelligence (AI), reducing the need for these workers. |
Paralegals and legal assistants |
23-2011 | State government, excluding education and hospitals | 999200 | Productivity change - share decreases as tasks such as conducting research and preparing documents are increasingly automated via technology including Artificial Intelligence (AI), reducing the need for these workers. |
Paralegals and legal assistants |
23-2011 | Local government, excluding education and hospitals | 999300 | Productivity change - share decreases as tasks such as conducting research and preparing documents are increasingly automated via technology including Artificial Intelligence (AI), reducing the need for these workers. |
Title examiners, abstractors, and searchers |
23-2093 | Legal services | 541100 | Sourcing change - share decreases as law firms outsource an increasing amount of back office, administrative, and non-lawyer functions as a way to streamline operations and lower costs for clients. |
Legal support workers, all other |
23-2099 | Legal services | 541100 | Sourcing change - share decreases as law firms outsource an increasing amount of back office, administrative, and non-lawyer functions as a way to streamline operations and lower costs for clients. |
Business teachers, postsecondary |
25-1011 | Junior colleges; private | 61120P | Demand change - share decreases as demand for business degrees is expected to decrease. |
Business teachers, postsecondary |
25-1011 | Colleges, universities, and professional schools; state | 61130S | Demand change - share increases as demand for business degrees is expected to increase. |
Computer science teachers, postsecondary |
25-1021 | Colleges, universities, and professional schools; private | 61130P | Demand change - share increases as demand for STEM occupations and a growing number of degrees conferred in computer science result in additional computer science professors. |
Computer science teachers, postsecondary |
25-1021 | Colleges, universities, and professional schools; state | 61130S | Demand change - share increases as labor market demand for STEM occupations and growing numbers of degrees conferred in computer science result in additional computer science professors. |
Engineering teachers, postsecondary |
25-1032 | Total employment | TE1000 | Demand change - share increases as demand for engineering degrees is expected to increase. |
Biological science teachers, postsecondary |
25-1042 | Total employment | TE1000 | Demand change - share increases as demand for biology courses is expected to increase. |
Psychology teachers, postsecondary |
25-1066 | Colleges, universities, and professional schools; state | 61130S | Demand change - share increases as demand for psychology degrees is expected to increase. |
Health specialties teachers, postsecondary |
25-1071 | Total employment | TE1000 | Demand change - share increases as demand for health specialty degrees is expected to increase. |
Health specialties teachers, postsecondary |
25-1071 | Junior colleges; private | 61120P | Demand change - share increases as demand for health specialty degrees is expected to increase. |
Health specialties teachers, postsecondary |
25-1071 | Colleges, universities, and professional schools; private | 61130P | Demand change - share increases as demand for health specialty degrees is expected to increase. |
Health specialties teachers, postsecondary |
25-1071 | Technical and trade schools; private | 61150P | Demand change - share increases as demand for health specialty degrees is expected to increase. |
Nursing instructors and teachers, postsecondary |
25-1072 | Total employment | TE1000 | Demand change - share increases as demand for nursing degrees is expected to increase. |
Nursing instructors and teachers, postsecondary |
25-1072 | Junior colleges; private | 61120P | Demand change - share increases as demand for nursing degrees is expected to increase. |
Nursing instructors and teachers, postsecondary |
25-1072 | Technical and trade schools; private | 61150P | Demand change - share increases as demand for nurses and nurse-type training is expected to increase. |
English language and literature teachers, postsecondary |
25-1123 | Colleges, universities, and professional schools; state | 61130S | Demand change - share decreases as states prioritize workforce development programs and fields of study perceived as more valuable to the labor market. |
Foreign language and literature teachers, postsecondary |
25-1124 | Colleges, universities, and professional schools; state | 61130S | Demand change - share decreases as states prioritize workforce development programs and fields of study perceived as more valuable to the labor market at the expense of humanities fields. |
History teachers, postsecondary |
25-1125 | Colleges, universities, and professional schools; state | 61130S | Demand change - share decreases as states prioritize workforce development programs and fields of study perceived as more valuable to the labor market at the expense of humanities fields. |
Career/technical education teachers, postsecondary |
25-1194 | Junior colleges; private | 61120P | Demand change - share decreases as enrollments in career and technical education courses decrease in favor of other fields, such as communications, design, healthcare, and public service. Additionally, the number of high school graduates is projected to decrease. |
Career/technical education teachers, postsecondary |
25-1194 | Junior colleges; state | 61120S | Demand change - share decreases as enrollments in career and technical education courses decrease in favor of other fields, such as communications, design, healthcare, and public service. Additionally, the number of high school graduates is projected to decrease. |
Career/technical education teachers, postsecondary |
25-1194 | Junior colleges; local | 61120L | Demand change - share decreases as enrollments in career and technical education courses decrease in favor of other fields, such as communications, design, healthcare, and public service. Additionally, the number of high school graduates is projected to decrease. |
Postsecondary teachers, all other |
25-1199 | Junior colleges; private | 61120P | Demand change - share increases as enrollments in career and technical education courses decrease in favor of other fields, such as communications, design, healthcare, and public service. |
Preschool teachers, except special education |
25-2011 | Child daycare services | 624400 | Demand change - share increases as academic-based early childhood education curriculums grow in usage. |
Adult basic education, adult secondary education, and english as a second language instructors |
25-3011 | Total employment | TE1000 | Demand change - share decreases as enrollment rates in ABE and ASE classes are expected to decline due to fewer high school dropouts, which will reduce the need for these types of teachers. |
Substitute teachers, short-term |
25-3031 | Elementary and secondary schools; local | 61110L | Demand change - share increases as an increase in paid leave for full-time teachers will increase demand for short-term substitute teachers relative to other occupations. |
Tutors |
25-3041 | Other schools and instruction; private | 61160P | Capital/Labor substitution - share decreases as online tools and digital tutors utilizing generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) and LLM capabilities reduce demand for tutors. |
Library technicians |
25-4031 | Web search portals, libraries, archives, and other information services | 519000 | Demand change - share decreases as library usage declines, resulting in reduced need for library technicians. |
Library technicians |
25-4031 | Colleges, universities, and professional schools; private | 61130P | Demand change - share decreases as library usage declines, resulting in reduced need for library technicians. |
Library technicians |
25-4031 | Elementary and secondary schools; local | 61110L | Demand change - share decreases as library usage declines, resulting in reduced need for library technicians. |
Library technicians |
25-4031 | Junior colleges; state | 61120S | Demand change - share decreases as library usage declines, resulting in reduced need for library technicians. |
Library technicians |
25-4031 | Junior colleges; local | 61120L | Demand change - share decreases as library usage declines, resulting in reduced need for library technicians. |
Library technicians |
25-4031 | Colleges, universities, and professional schools; state | 61130S | Demand change - share decreases as library usage declines, resulting in reduced need for library technicians. |
Library technicians |
25-4031 | Local government, excluding education and hospitals | 999300 | Demand change - share decreases as library usage declines, resulting in reduced need for library technicians. |
Farm and home management educators |
25-9021 | Total employment | TE1000 | Demand change - share decreases as continued industry consolidation in agriculture reduces the number of farmers, and by extension the needed number of farm and home management advisors. |
Special effects artists and animators |
27-1014 | Television broadcasting stations | 516120 | Productivity change - share decreases as local television broadcast affiliates consolidate and share staff in order to reduce operating costs. |
Special effects artists and animators |
27-1014 | Media streaming distribution services, social networks, and other media networks and content providers | 516210 | Productivity change - share decreases as local television broadcast affiliates consolidate and share staff in order to reduce operating costs. |
Fashion designers |
27-1022 | Total employment | TE1000 | Demand change - share increases as an expected increase in demand for a constant flow of new fashion designs has been accelerated by social media influencers and by retailers advertising and selling directly to consumers online. |
Floral designers |
27-1023 | Total employment | TE1000 | Demand change - share decreases as consumers prefer unarranged flowers. |
Merchandise displayers and window trimmers |
27-1026 | Advertising, public relations, and related services | 541800 | Demand change - share decreases as increasing digital advertising results in reduced demand for the services provided by in-store brick-and-mortar merchandise displayers and window trimmers. |
Producers and directors |
27-2012 | Advertising, public relations, and related services | 541800 | Demand change - share increases as more filmed content leads to additional commercials and advertising, particularly online video ads, which also need to be produced and directed. |
Coaches and scouts |
27-2022 | Colleges, universities, and professional schools; private | 61130P | Demand change - share increases as demand for sports coaching and recruiting needs grow in colleges, universities, and professional schools. |
Coaches and scouts |
27-2022 | Other schools and instruction; private | 61160P | Demand change - share increases as demand for sports and recreation instruction continue to grow within sports and recreation instruction establishments. |
Coaches and scouts |
27-2022 | Colleges, universities, and professional schools; state | 61130S | Demand change - share increases as demand for sports coaching and recruiting needs grow in colleges, universities, and professional schools. |
Coaches and scouts |
27-2022 | Spectator sports | 711200 | Demand change - share increases as professional sports teams invest more resources into coaching, strategy, and analysis, with particular emphasis on data analytics, and therefore hire more coaches and scouts. |
Coaches and scouts |
27-2022 | Fitness and recreational sports centers | 713940 | Demand change - share increases as demand for sports and recreation instruction continue to grow within sports and recreation instruction establishments. |
Music directors and composers |
27-2041 | Elementary and secondary schools; private | 61110P | Demand change - share decreases as private schools face declines in enrollment and tuition, forcing cuts for arts education, including music programs. |
Music directors and composers |
27-2041 | Elementary and secondary schools; local | 61110L | Demand change - share decreases as public school systems are cutting funding for arts education, including music programs. |
Broadcast announcers and radio disc jockeys |
27-3011 | Radio broadcasting stations | 516110 | Demand change, capital/labor substitution - share decreases as demand for announcers and on-air talent decreases as radio stations consolidate locations or opt for a DJ-free format. Increased adoption of AI-generated voice technology is expected to further reduce the need for announcers and DJs. |
Broadcast announcers and radio disc jockeys |
27-3011 | Media streaming distribution services, social networks, and other media networks and content providers | 516210 | Demand change, capital/labor substitution - share decreases as demand for announcers and on-air talent decreases as radio stations consolidate locations or opt for a DJ-free format. Increased adoption of AI-generated voice technology is expected to further reduce the need for announcers and DJs. |
Technical writers |
27-3042 | Total employment | TE1000 | Productivity change - share decreases as the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools grows, allowing technical writers to produce documentation more efficiently. |
Writers and authors |
27-3043 | Independent artists, writers, and performers | 711500 | Demand change - share increases as self-publishing rises with e-books and audiobooks, supporting demand for writers and authors within the independent artists, writers, and performers industry. |
Court reporters and simultaneous captioners |
27-3092 | Business support services | 561400 | Productivity change - share decreases as technology allows court reporters to produce more documentation. |
Audio and video technicians |
27-4011 | Sound recording industries | 512200 | Demand change - share decreases as technologies such as digital audio workstations allow more artists to produce their own recordings, reducing demand for in-studio record production. |
Broadcast technicians |
27-4012 | Total employment | TE1000 | Productivity change - share decreases as technology including Artificial Intelligence (AI) allow technicians to perform more activities onsite and in remote locations. |
Sound engineering technicians |
27-4014 | Total employment | TE1000 | Productivity change - share decreases as the use of wireless technology and Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems allow technicians to perform tasks more efficiently. |
Sound engineering technicians |
27-4014 | Sound recording industries | 512200 | Demand change, productivity change - share decreases as technologies such as digital audio workstations allow more artists to produce their own recordings, while wireless technology and AI systems allow technicians to perform tasks more efficiently. |
Lighting technicians |
27-4015 | Total employment | TE1000 | Productivity change - share decreases as technology, including Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems, allows workers to design and operate lighting displays. |
Camera operators, television, video, and film |
27-4031 | Total employment | TE1000 | Capital/labor substitution - share decreases as robotic cameras replace services previously provided by camera operators. |
Chiropractors |
29-1011 | Offices of chiropractors | 621310 | Demand change - share increases as growing demand for chiropractic treatment, due to its growing popularity and recognition as a valid nonopioid approach to manage pain, will result in increased demand for chiropractors. |
Dentists, general |
29-1021 | State government, excluding education and hospitals | 999200 | Occupational substitution - share decreases as the expanding scope of practice of dental hygienists allows them to take on tasks previously performed by dentists. |
Dentists, general |
29-1021 | Local government, excluding education and hospitals | 999300 | Occupational substitution - share decreases as the expanding scope of practice of dental hygienists allows them to take on tasks previously performed by dentists. |
Dietitians and nutritionists |
29-1031 | Offices of all other health practitioners | 621390 | Demand change - share increases as consumer interest and demand for nutrition services grow. |
Dietitians and nutritionists |
29-1031 | Federal government, excluding postal service | 999100 | Demand change - share increases as dietitians are increasingly needed to provide nutrition care to veterans. |
Optometrists |
29-1041 | Offices of physicians | 621100 | Occupational substitution - share increases as the adoption of integrated eye care models shifts primary care responsibilities to optometrists, allowing ophthalmologists to focus on more complex cases and surgery. The expanding scope of practice of optometrists further supports this trend. |
Pharmacists |
29-1051 | Grocery and specialty food retailers | 4450A1 | Demand change - share decreases as consolidation of the retail pharmacy industry and patient use of mail-order/online pharmacies dampen demand for pharmacists in retail settings. |
Pharmacists |
29-1051 | General merchandise retailers | 455000 | Demand change - share decreases as consolidation of the retail pharmacy industry and patient use of mail-order/online pharmacies dampen demand for pharmacists in retail settings. |
Pharmacists |
29-1051 | Offices of physicians | 621100 | Demand change - share increases as pharmacists’ roles in health care delivery expand and providers increasingly integrate pharmacists into team-based models of care. |
Pharmacists |
29-1051 | General medical and surgical hospitals; private | 62210P | Demand change - share increases as pharmacists’ roles in health care delivery expand and providers increasingly integrate pharmacists into team-based models of care. The growth of the specialty drug market will support this trend further within hospitals. |
Pharmacists |
29-1051 | General medical and surgical hospitals; state | 62210S | Demand change - share increases as pharmacists’ roles in health care delivery expand and providers increasingly integrate pharmacists into team-based models of care. The growth of the specialty drug market will support this trend further within hospitals. |
Pharmacists |
29-1051 | General medical and surgical hospitals; local | 62210L | Demand change - share increases as pharmacists’ roles in health care delivery expand and providers increasingly integrate pharmacists into team-based models of care. The growth of the specialty drug market will support this trend further within hospitals. |
Physician assistants |
29-1071 | Offices of physicians | 621100 | Occupational substitution - share increases as growing demand for healthcare services will not be able to be met by expected growth in physicians and surgeons. This will encourage the adoption of team-based healthcare provision models which increasingly utilize physician assistants and nurse practitioners. |
Physician assistants |
29-1071 | General medical and surgical hospitals; private | 62210P | Occupational substitution - share increases as growing demand for healthcare services will not be able to be met by expected growth in physicians and surgeons. This will encourage the adoption of team-based healthcare provision models which increasingly utilize physician assistants and nurse practitioners. Also, advances in technologies will slow the growth of other administrative and support occupations relative to all professional healthcare providers. |
Physician assistants |
29-1071 | General medical and surgical hospitals; state | 62210S | Occupational substitution - share increases as growing demand for healthcare services will not be able to be met by expected growth in physicians and surgeons. This will encourage the adoption of team-based healthcare provision models which increasingly utilize physician assistants and nurse practitioners. Also, advances in technologies will slow the growth of other administrative and support occupations relative to all professional healthcare providers. |
Physician assistants |
29-1071 | General medical and surgical hospitals; local | 62210L | Occupational substitution - share increases as growing demand for healthcare services will not be able to be met by expected growth in physicians and surgeons. This will encourage the adoption of team-based healthcare provision models which increasingly utilize physician assistants and nurse practitioners. Also, advances in technologies will slow the growth of other administrative and support occupations relative to all professional healthcare providers. |
Podiatrists |
29-1081 | Offices of all other health practitioners | 621390 | Occupational substitution - share decreases as team-care models grow in popularity. |
Occupational therapists |
29-1122 | Specialty (except psychiatric and substance abuse) hospitals; local | 62230L | Demand change - share increases as more local specialty hospitals transition to team-based models of care and occupational therapy services are increasingly needed to help patients rehabilitate injuries and adapt daily activities that allow them to maintain their independence. |
Physical therapists |
29-1123 | Offices of physicians | 621100 | Demand change - share increases as physical therapists are increasingly integrated into team-based models of care to help patients manage their pain conditions without the use of pharmaceuticals. |
Physical therapists |
29-1123 | Specialty (except psychiatric and substance abuse) hospitals; local | 62230L | Demand change - share increases as more local specialty hospitals transition to team-based models of care and physical therapy services are increasingly needed to help patients rehabilitate injuries and manage chronic pain without the use of pharmaceuticals. |
Radiation therapists |
29-1124 | Total employment | TE1000 | Productivity change - share decreases as increased adoption of radiotherapy techniques that deliver higher doses of radiation over fewer fractions allows radiation therapists to treat a greater number of patients. |
Recreational therapists |
29-1125 | General medical and surgical hospitals; private | 62210P | Demand change - share decreases as payer restrictions around the types of rehabilitation therapies that can be provided in hospitals constrain demand for recreational therapists. |
Recreational therapists |
29-1125 | Psychiatric and substance abuse hospitals; private | 62220P | Demand change - share increases as demand for psychiatric and substance abuse treatment grows, translating into a greater need for recreational therapists for implementation of inpatient treatment programs. |
Recreational therapists |
29-1125 | General medical and surgical hospitals; state | 62210S | Demand change - share decreases as payer restrictions around the types of rehabilitation therapies that can be provided in hospitals constrain demand for recreational therapists. |
Recreational therapists |
29-1125 | General medical and surgical hospitals; local | 62210L | Demand change - share decreases as payer restrictions around the types of rehabilitation therapies that can be provided in hospitals constrain demand for recreational therapists. |
Recreational therapists |
29-1125 | Psychiatric and substance abuse hospitals; state | 62220S | Demand change - share increases as demand for psychiatric and substance abuse treatment grows, translating into a greater need for recreational therapists for implementation of inpatient treatment programs. |
Recreational therapists |
29-1125 | Nursing care facilities (skilled nursing facilities) | 623100 | Demand change - share decreases as funding constraints for recreational therapy services reduce demand for recreational therapists. |
Respiratory therapists |
29-1126 | Total employment | TE1000 | Demand change - share increases as the demand for respiratory care services grows. Respiratory therapists will be increasingly needed across hospital and non-hospital settings to treat a wide variety of conditions and patients. |
Speech-language pathologists |
29-1127 | Total employment | TE1000 | Demand change - share increases as an aging population, higher autism-spectrum and special needs, and expanded service provision at schools increases demand for speech-language pathologists. |
Registered nurses |
29-1141 | Direct health and medical insurance carriers | 524114 | Demand change - share increases as insurance companies increasingly employ registered nurses to manage complex compensation and medical coverage requests. |
Registered nurses |
29-1141 | Other insurance related activities | 524290 | Demand change - share increases as third party administrator companies increasingly employ registered nurses to manage complex workers compensation and medical benefits for other companies. |
Registered nurses |
29-1141 | Temporary help services | 561320 | Demand change - share increases as hospitals and other healthcare facilities increasingly use temporary help services to staff some of temporary their positions for registered nurses. |
Registered nurses |
29-1141 | Continuing care retirement communities and assisted living facilities for the elderly | 623300 | Demand change - share decreases as the type of care delivered in these settings translates into a reduced need for registered nurses, relative to other occupations. |
Nurse anesthetists |
29-1151 | General medical and surgical hospitals; private | 62210P | Occupational substitution - share increases as the anesthesia care team model becomes more common and practice autonomy of nurse anesthetists expands, allowing for greater utilization of nurse anesthetists relative to anesthesiologists. |
Nurse anesthetists |
29-1151 | General medical and surgical hospitals; state | 62210S | Occupational substitution - share increases as the anesthesia care team model becomes more common and practice autonomy of nurse anesthetists expands, allowing for greater utilization of nurse anesthetists relative to anesthesiologists. |
Nurse anesthetists |
29-1151 | General medical and surgical hospitals; local | 62210L | Occupational substitution - share increases as the anesthesia care team model becomes more common and practice autonomy of nurse anesthetists expands, allowing for greater utilization of nurse anesthetists relative to anesthesiologists. |
Nurse practitioners |
29-1171 | Offices of physicians | 621100 | Occupational substitution - share increases as growing demand for healthcare services will not be able to be met by expected growth in physicians and surgeons. This will encourage the adoption of team-based healthcare provision models which increasingly utilize physician assistants and nurse practitioners. |
Nurse practitioners |
29-1171 | Offices of all other health practitioners | 621390 | Occupational substitution - share increases as growing demand for healthcare services will not be able to be met by expected growth in physicians and surgeons. This will encourage the adoption of team-based healthcare provision models which increasingly utilize physician assistants and nurse practitioners. |
Nurse practitioners |
29-1171 | General medical and surgical hospitals; private | 62210P | Occupational substitution - share increases as growing demand for healthcare services will not be able to be met by expected growth in physicians and surgeons. This will encourage the adoption of team-based healthcare provision models which increasingly utilize physician assistants and nurse practitioners. |
Nurse practitioners |
29-1171 | General medical and surgical hospitals; state | 62210S | Occupational substitution - share increases as growing demand for healthcare services will not be able to be met by expected growth in physicians and surgeons. This will encourage the adoption of team-based healthcare provision models which increasingly utilize physician assistants and nurse practitioners. |
Nurse practitioners |
29-1171 | General medical and surgical hospitals; local | 62210L | Occupational substitution - share increases as growing demand for healthcare services will not be able to be met by expected growth in physicians and surgeons. This will encourage the adoption of team-based healthcare provision models which increasingly utilize physician assistants and nurse practitioners. |
Anesthesiologists |
29-1211 | General medical and surgical hospitals; private | 62210P | Occupational substitution - share decreases as the anesthesia care team model becomes more common and practice autonomy of nurse anesthetists expands, allowing for greater utilization of nurse anesthetists relative to anesthesiologists. |
Anesthesiologists |
29-1211 | General medical and surgical hospitals; state | 62210S | Occupational substitution - share decreases as the anesthesia care team model becomes more common and practice autonomy of nurse anesthetists expands, allowing for greater utilization of nurse anesthetists relative to anesthesiologists. |
Anesthesiologists |
29-1211 | General medical and surgical hospitals; local | 62210L | Occupational substitution - share decreases as the anesthesia care team model becomes more common and practice autonomy of nurse anesthetists expands, allowing for greater utilization of nurse anesthetists relative to anesthesiologists. |
Cardiologists |
29-1212 | Offices of physicians | 621100 | Sourcing change - share increases as payer policy changes shift cardiovascular procedures away from hospitals to outpatient settings, such as office-based labs. |
Cardiologists |
29-1212 | General medical and surgical hospitals; private | 62210P | Sourcing change - share decreases as payer policy changes shift cardiovascular procedures away from hospitals to outpatient settings, such as office-based labs and ambulatory surgery centers. |
Dermatologists |
29-1213 | Offices of physicians | 621100 | Demand change - share increases as the growing popularity of cosmetic dermatology procedures increases demand for dermatologists. |
Emergency medicine physicians |
29-1214 | General medical and surgical hospitals; private | 62210P | Occupational substitution - share decreases as nurse practitioners and physician assistants are increasingly utilized, relative to emergency medicine physicians, to provide care in hospital emergency departments. |
Emergency medicine physicians |
29-1214 | General medical and surgical hospitals; state | 62210S | Occupational substitution - share decreases as nurse practitioners and physician assistants are increasingly utilized, relative to emergency medicine physicians, to provide care in hospital emergency departments. |
Emergency medicine physicians |
29-1214 | General medical and surgical hospitals; local | 62210L | Occupational substitution - share decreases as nurse practitioners and physician assistants are increasingly utilized, relative to emergency medicine physicians, to provide care in hospital emergency departments. |
General internal medicine physicians |
29-1216 | Offices of physicians | 621100 | Occupational substitution, sourcing change - share decreases as care teams (including nurses, physicians assistants, and other care professionals) are expected to become larger and more diverse. Internists are also expected to increasingly work for hospitals. |
Neurologists |
29-1217 | Offices of physicians | 621100 | Demand change - share increases as the growing number of patients with neurological disorders raises demand for general neurologists. |
Obstetricians and gynecologists |
29-1218 | Offices of physicians | 621100 | Occupational substitution - share decreases as care teams (including nurses, physicians assistants, and other care professionals) are expected to become larger and more diverse. |
Pediatricians, general |
29-1221 | Offices of physicians | 621100 | Demand change, occupational substitution - share decreases as the portion of the national population under 18 continues to fall, and team-based care models grow. |
Psychiatrists |
29-1223 | General medical and surgical hospitals; private | 62210P | Demand change - share increases as growing demand for psychiatric services increases the need for psychiatrists. |
Radiologists |
29-1224 | Offices of physicians | 621100 | Productivity change - share decreases as Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools are increasingly adopted in clinical practice, making the radiologist workflow more efficient. |
Radiologists |
29-1224 | General medical and surgical hospitals; private | 62210P | Productivity change - share decreases as Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools are increasingly adopted in clinical practice, making the radiologist workflow more efficient. |
Pediatric surgeons |
29-1243 | Total employment | TE1000 | Demand change - share decreases as the child population declines, reducing demand for pediatric surgery. |
Dental hygienists |
29-1292 | Federal government, excluding postal service | 999100 | Occupational substitution - share increases as the expanding scope of practice of hygienists allows them to take on tasks previously performed by dentists. |
Dental hygienists |
29-1292 | State government, excluding education and hospitals | 999200 | Occupational substitution - share increases as the expanding scope of practice of hygienists allows them to take on tasks previously performed by dentists. |
Dental hygienists |
29-1292 | Local government, excluding education and hospitals | 999300 | Occupational substitution - share increases as the expanding scope of practice of hygienists allows them to take on tasks previously performed by dentists. |
Clinical laboratory technologists and technicians |
29-2010 | Offices of physicians | 621100 | Sourcing change - share decreases as physicians’ offices send more lab work to medical and diagnostic laboratories instead of doing it in-house. |
Cardiovascular technologists and technicians |
29-2031 | Offices of physicians | 621100 | Sourcing change - share increases as payer policy changes shift cardiovascular procedures away from hospitals to outpatient settings, such as office-based labs. |
Cardiovascular technologists and technicians |
29-2031 | General medical and surgical hospitals; private | 62210P | Sourcing change - share decreases as payer policy changes shift cardiovascular procedures away from hospitals to outpatient settings, such as office-based labs and ambulatory surgery centers. |
Diagnostic medical sonographers |
29-2032 | Offices of physicians | 621100 | Demand change - share increases as sonographers are used to save on costs for non-invasive imaging. Ultrasound imaging will increasingly be used to initially screen patients to determine the extent or type of treatment needed. |
Diagnostic medical sonographers |
29-2032 | Medical and diagnostic laboratories | 621500 | Demand change - share increases as sonographers are used to save on costs for non-invasive imaging. Ultrasound imaging will increasingly be used to initially screen patients to determine the extent or type of treatment needed. |
Diagnostic medical sonographers |
29-2032 | General medical and surgical hospitals; private | 62210P | Demand change - share increases as sonographers are used to save on costs for non-invasive imaging. Ultrasound imaging will increasingly be used to initially screen patients to determine the extent or type of treatment needed. |
Diagnostic medical sonographers |
29-2032 | General medical and surgical hospitals; state | 62210S | Demand change - share increases as sonographers are used to save on costs for non-invasive imaging. Ultrasound imaging will increasingly be used to initially screen patients to determine the extent or type of treatment needed. |
Diagnostic medical sonographers |
29-2032 | General medical and surgical hospitals; local | 62210L | Demand change - share increases as sonographers are used to save on costs for non-invasive imaging. Ultrasound imaging will increasingly be used to initially screen patients to determine the extent or type of treatment needed. |
Nuclear medicine technologists |
29-2033 | General medical and surgical hospitals; private | 62210P | Demand change - share decreases as a challenging reimbursement environment for diagnostic radiopharmaceuticals inhibits the use of nuclear medicine procedures, constraining demand for technologists. |
Nuclear medicine technologists |
29-2033 | General medical and surgical hospitals; state | 62210S | Demand change - share decreases as a challenging reimbursement environment for diagnostic radiopharmaceuticals inhibits the use of nuclear medicine procedures, constraining demand for technologists. |
Nuclear medicine technologists |
29-2033 | General medical and surgical hospitals; local | 62210L | Demand change - share decreases as a challenging reimbursement environment for diagnostic radiopharmaceuticals inhibits the use of nuclear medicine procedures, constraining demand for technologists. |
Radiologic technologists and technicians |
29-2034 | Offices of physicians | 621100 | Sourcing change - share increases as government and insurance policy changes steer patient demand for imaging procedures to non-hospital settings. |
Radiologic technologists and technicians |
29-2034 | Medical and diagnostic laboratories | 621500 | Sourcing change - share increases as government and insurance policy changes steer patient demand for imaging procedures to non-hospital settings. |
Radiologic technologists and technicians |
29-2034 | General medical and surgical hospitals; private | 62210P | Sourcing change - share decreases as government and insurance policy changes steer patient demand for imaging procedures away from hospital settings. |
Radiologic technologists and technicians |
29-2034 | Specialty (except psychiatric and substance abuse) hospitals; private | 62230P | Sourcing change - share decreases as government and insurance policy changes steer patient demand for imaging procedures away from hospital settings. |
Radiologic technologists and technicians |
29-2034 | General medical and surgical hospitals; state | 62210S | Sourcing change - share decreases as government and insurance policy changes steer patient demand for imaging procedures away from hospital settings. |
Radiologic technologists and technicians |
29-2034 | General medical and surgical hospitals; local | 62210L | Sourcing change - share decreases as government and insurance policy changes steer patient demand for imaging procedures away from hospital settings. |
Radiologic technologists and technicians |
29-2034 | Specialty (except psychiatric and substance abuse) hospitals; state | 62230S | Sourcing change - share decreases as government and insurance policy changes steer patient demand for imaging procedures away from hospital settings. |
Magnetic resonance imaging technologists |
29-2035 | Offices of physicians | 621100 | Sourcing change - share increases as government and insurance policy changes steer patient demand for imaging procedures to non-hospital settings. |
Magnetic resonance imaging technologists |
29-2035 | Medical and diagnostic laboratories | 621500 | Sourcing change - share increases as government and insurance policy changes steer patient demand for imaging procedures to non-hospital settings. |
Magnetic resonance imaging technologists |
29-2035 | General medical and surgical hospitals; private | 62210P | Sourcing change - share decreases as government and insurance policy changes steer patient demand for imaging procedures away from hospital settings. |
Magnetic resonance imaging technologists |
29-2035 | Specialty (except psychiatric and substance abuse) hospitals; private | 62230P | Sourcing change - share decreases as government and insurance policy changes steer patient demand for imaging procedures away from hospital settings. |
Magnetic resonance imaging technologists |
29-2035 | General medical and surgical hospitals; state | 62210S | Sourcing change - share decreases as government and insurance policy changes steer patient demand for imaging procedures away from hospital settings. |
Magnetic resonance imaging technologists |
29-2035 | General medical and surgical hospitals; local | 62210L | Sourcing change - share decreases as government and insurance policy changes steer patient demand for imaging procedures away from hospital settings. |
Magnetic resonance imaging technologists |
29-2035 | Specialty (except psychiatric and substance abuse) hospitals; state | 62230S | Sourcing change - share decreases as government and insurance policy changes steer patient demand for imaging procedures away from hospital settings. |
Emergency medical technicians |
29-2042 | Ambulance services | 621910 | Occupational substitution - share increases as emergency medical technicians increasingly take on the tasks of ambulance drivers and attendants as part of their now standard set of duties and responsibilities. Employer expectations regarding the ability to drive an ambulance will also contribute to this trend. |
Emergency medical technicians |
29-2042 | Local government, excluding education and hospitals | 999300 | Occupational substitution - share increases as emergency medical technicians increasingly take on the tasks of ambulance drivers and attendants as part of their now standard set of duties and responsibilities. Employer expectations regarding the ability to drive an ambulance will also contribute to this trend. |
Paramedics |
29-2043 | Ambulance services | 621910 | Occupational substitution - share increases as paramedics increasingly take on the tasks of ambulance drivers and attendants as part of their now standard set of duties and responsibilities. Employer expectations regarding the ability to drive an ambulance will also contribute to this trend. |
Paramedics |
29-2043 | Local government, excluding education and hospitals | 999300 | Occupational substitution - share increases as paramedics increasingly take on the tasks of ambulance drivers and attendants as part of their now standard set of duties and responsibilities. Employer expectations regarding the ability to drive an ambulance will also contribute to this trend. |
Pharmacy technicians |
29-2052 | Grocery and specialty food retailers | 4450A1 | Occupational substitution, demand change - share increases as pharmacy technicians expand their role, taking on some of the tasks performed by pharmacists. This will be partially offset by lower demand due to the consolidation of the retail pharmacy industry and patient use of mail-order/online pharmacies. |
Pharmacy technicians |
29-2052 | General merchandise retailers | 455000 | Occupational substitution, demand change - share increases as pharmacy technicians expand their role, taking on some of the tasks performed by pharmacists. This will be partially offset by lower demand due to the consolidation of the retail pharmacy industry and patient use of mail-order/online pharmacies. |
Pharmacy technicians |
29-2052 | Pharmacies and drug retailers | 456110 | Occupational substitution - share increases as pharmacy technicians expand their role, taking on some of the tasks performed by pharmacists. The loosening of pharmacist-to-technician ratios across states is likely to support this trend further. |
Psychiatric technicians |
29-2053 | Offices of mental health practitioners (except physicians) | 621330 | Demand change - share increases as growing demand for mental health and substance abuse treatment results in an increased need for psychiatric technicians. |
Psychiatric technicians |
29-2053 | Outpatient mental health and substance abuse centers | 621420 | Demand change - share increases as growing demand for mental health and substance abuse treatment results in an increased need for psychiatric technicians. |
Psychiatric technicians |
29-2053 | General medical and surgical hospitals; private | 62210P | Demand change - share increases as growing demand for mental health and substance abuse treatment results in an increased need for psychiatric technicians. |
Psychiatric technicians |
29-2053 | Residential mental health and substance abuse facilities | 623220 | Demand change - share increases as growing demand for mental health and substance abuse treatment results in an increased need for psychiatric technicians. |
Ophthalmic medical technicians |
29-2057 | Offices of physicians | 621100 | Occupational substitution - share increases as offices of physicians increasingly employ ophthalmic medical technicians who can perform a variety of patient care tasks, allowing ophthalmologists to examine more patients and do other more complex tasks. |
Ophthalmic medical technicians |
29-2057 | Offices of optometrists | 621320 | Occupational substitution - share increases as offices of optometrists increasingly employ ophthalmic medical technicians who can perform a variety of patient care tasks, allowing optometrists to examine more patients and do other more complex tasks. |
Licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses |
29-2061 | Offices of physicians | 621100 | Occupational substitution - share decreases as the scope of work of medical assistants expands, reducing the need for licensed practical/vocational nurses. |
Licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses |
29-2061 | Home healthcare services | 621600 | Demand change - share decreases as growing demand for home healthcare flows mainly to occupations other than licensed practical/vocational nurses, such as home health and personal care aides. |
Licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses |
29-2061 | Continuing care retirement communities and assisted living facilities for the elderly | 623300 | Demand change - share decreases as the type of care delivered in these settings translates into a reduced need for licensed practical/vocational nurses, relative to other occupations. |
Medical records specialists |
29-2072 | Total employment | TE1000 | Demand change, productivity change - share increases as the demand for health care services and complexity of medical coding grow. This demand for medical records specialists will be partially offset by the use of AI-based tools that make the medical coding process more efficient. |
Orthotists and prosthetists |
29-2091 | Medical equipment and supplies manufacturing | 339100 | Demand change - share increases as an aging population and rise in age-related illnesses combined with an increasing prevalence of obesity and diabetes as well as other health issues and amputations will translate into a greater need for orthotic and prosthetic services. |
Hearing aid specialists |
29-2092 | General merchandise retailers | 455000 | Demand change - share increases as an aging population increases the demand for hearing aids. Retailers will increasingly employ hearing aid specialists to dispense these devices. |
Health technologists and technicians, all other |
29-2099 | Total employment | TE1000 | Occupational substitution - share decreases as the number of respiratory therapy technicians decreases because these workers are no longer credentialed separately from respiratory therapists. |
Health information technologists and medical registrars |
29-9021 | Total employment | TE1000 | Demand change - share increases as larger amounts of health data are generated over the coming years. Organizations across all industries, especially those tied to healthcare, will need technologists and registrars to process the data to support operational and clinical decision-making. |
Athletic trainers |
29-9091 | Colleges, universities, and professional schools; private | 61130P | Demand change - share increases as the demand for athletic health care grows. Colleges and universities will increasingly hire athletic trainers to help student athletes prevent and recover from injuries as well as perform at their highest level. |
Athletic trainers |
29-9091 | Colleges, universities, and professional schools; state | 61130S | Demand change - share increases as the demand for athletic health care grows. Colleges and universities will increasingly hire athletic trainers to help student athletes prevent and recover from injuries as well as perform at their highest level. |
Athletic trainers |
29-9091 | Offices of physicians | 621100 | Demand change - share increases as financial constraints faced by academic institutions prompt them to contract athletic trainer services with physicians' offices to meet their athletic health care needs. |
Athletic trainers |
29-9091 | Offices of physical, occupational and speech therapists, and audiologists | 621340 | Demand change - share increases as financial constraints faced by academic institutions prompt them to contract athletic trainer services with clinics to meet their athletic health care needs. |
Athletic trainers |
29-9091 | General medical and surgical hospitals; private | 62210P | Demand change - share increases as financial constraints faced by academic institutions prompt them to contract athletic trainer services with hospitals to meet their athletic health care needs. |
Athletic trainers |
29-9091 | General medical and surgical hospitals; local | 62210L | Demand change - share increases as financial constraints faced by academic institutions prompt them to contract athletic trainer services with hospitals to meet their athletic health care needs. |
Genetic counselors |
29-9092 | Total employment | TE1000 | Demand change - share increases as the number and quality of genetic tests is increasing while costs are decreasing. |
Home health and personal care aides |
31-1120 | Continuing care retirement communities and assisted living facilities for the elderly | 623300 | Demand change - share increases as growing demand for long-term care services primarily flows to home-and community-based settings rather than institutional settings, translating into a greater need for aides specifically. |
Home health and personal care aides |
31-1120 | Private households | 814000 | Demand change - share increases as growing demand for long-term care services primarily flows to home-and community-based settings rather than institutional settings, translating into a greater need for aides specifically. |
Nursing assistants |
31-1131 | Continuing care retirement communities and assisted living facilities for the elderly | 623300 | Demand change - share decreases as the type of care delivered in these settings translates into a reduced need for nursing assistants, relative to other occupations. |
Psychiatric aides |
31-1133 | General medical and surgical hospitals; private | 62210P | Occupational substitution - share decreases as psychiatric technicians are increasingly utilized, relative to psychiatric aides, to provide day-to-day care to patients. |
Psychiatric aides |
31-1133 | Psychiatric and substance abuse hospitals; private | 62220P | Occupational substitution - share decreases as psychiatric technicians are increasingly utilized, relative to psychiatric aides, to provide day-to-day care to patients. |
Psychiatric aides |
31-1133 | Residential mental health and substance abuse facilities | 623220 | Occupational substitution - share decreases as psychiatric technicians are increasingly utilized, relative to psychiatric aides, to provide day-to-day care to patients. |
Occupational therapy assistants |
31-2011 | Offices of physical, occupational and speech therapists, and audiologists | 621340 | Demand change - share increases as adjustments continue to be made in business and payment models which attempt to increase the supply of occupational therapy services to meet excess demand. |
Occupational therapy assistants |
31-2011 | Home healthcare services | 621600 | Demand change - share increases as home health care facilities increasingly attempt to leverage their occupational therapy workforce. |
Occupational therapy assistants |
31-2011 | Specialty (except psychiatric and substance abuse) hospitals; local | 62230L | Demand change - share increases as more local specialty hospitals transition to team-based models of care and occupational therapy services are increasingly needed to help patients rehabilitate injuries and adapt daily activities that allow them to maintain their independence. |
Occupational therapy assistants |
31-2011 | Nursing care facilities (skilled nursing facilities) | 623100 | Demand change - share increases as nursing care facilities increasingly attempt to leverage their occupational therapy workforce. |
Occupational therapy aides |
31-2012 | Total employment | TE1000 | Demand change - share decreases as payer restrictions in the reimbursement of services provided by occupational therapy aides dampens demand for the occupation. |
Physical therapist assistants |
31-2021 | Offices of physical, occupational and speech therapists, and audiologists | 621340 | Demand change - share increases as physical therapists increasingly attempt to leverage their own labor and continue to react to rule changes and business trends. |
Physical therapist assistants |
31-2021 | Home healthcare services | 621600 | Demand change - share increases as home health care facilities increasingly attempt to leverage their physical therapy workforce. |
Physical therapist assistants |
31-2021 | Specialty (except psychiatric and substance abuse) hospitals; local | 62230L | Demand change - share increases as more local specialty hospitals transition to team-based models of care and physical therapy services are increasingly in needed to help patients rehabilitate injuries and manage chronic pain without the use of pharmaceuticals. |
Physical therapist assistants |
31-2021 | Nursing care facilities (skilled nursing facilities) | 623100 | Demand change - share increases as nursing care facilities increasingly attempt to leverage their physical therapy workforce. |
Physical therapist aides |
31-2022 | Total employment | TE1000 | Demand change - share decreases as payer restrictions in the reimbursement of services provided by physical therapist aides dampens demand for the occupation. |
Massage therapists |
31-9011 | Offices of chiropractors | 621310 | Demand change - share increases as more offices of chiropractors hire massage therapists to offer integrated therapy services to patients. |
Massage therapists |
31-9011 | Offices of all other health practitioners | 621390 | Demand change - share increases as massage therapy is increasingly used to help maintain overall wellness and gains more acceptance as a form of pain relief. |
Massage therapists |
31-9011 | Personal care services | 812100 | Demand change - share increases as massage therapy is increasingly used to help maintain overall wellness and gains more acceptance as a form of pain relief. |
Medical assistants |
31-9092 | Offices of physicians | 621100 | Occupational substitution - share increases as healthcare providers increasingly adopt team-based provision models, and delegate administrative duties and other basic tasks from physicians to assistants. |
Medical assistants |
31-9092 | General medical and surgical hospitals; private | 62210P | Occupational substitution - share increases as healthcare providers increasingly adopt team-based provision models, and delegate administrative duties and other basic tasks from physicians to assistants. |
Medical assistants |
31-9092 | General medical and surgical hospitals; state | 62210S | Occupational substitution - share increases as healthcare providers increasingly adopt team-based provision models, and delegate administrative duties and other basic tasks from physicians to assistants. |
Medical assistants |
31-9092 | General medical and surgical hospitals; local | 62210L | Occupational substitution - share increases as healthcare providers increasingly adopt team-based provision models, and delegate administrative duties and other basic tasks from physicians to assistants. |
Medical assistants |
31-9092 | Nursing care facilities (skilled nursing facilities) | 623100 | Occupational substitution - share increases as healthcare providers increasingly adopt team-based provision models, and delegate administrative duties and other basic tasks from physicians to assistants. |
Medical assistants |
31-9092 | Continuing care retirement communities and assisted living facilities for the elderly | 623300 | Occupational substitution - share increases as healthcare providers increasingly adopt team-based provision models, and delegate administrative duties and other basic tasks from physicians to assistants. |
Medical transcriptionists |
31-9094 | Offices of physicians | 621100 | Sourcing change - share decreases as transcription services are moved out of traditional healthcare settings to third-party providers. |
Medical transcriptionists |
31-9094 | Medical and diagnostic laboratories | 621500 | Sourcing change - share decreases as transcription services are moved out of traditional healthcare settings to third-party providers. |
Medical transcriptionists |
31-9094 | General medical and surgical hospitals; private | 62210P | Sourcing change, capital/labor substitution - share decreases as transcription services are moved out of traditional healthcare settings to third-party providers and adoption of Artificial Intelligence (AI) scribes grows. |
Medical transcriptionists |
31-9094 | General medical and surgical hospitals; state | 62210S | Sourcing change - share decreases as transcription services are moved out of traditional healthcare settings to third-party providers. |
Medical transcriptionists |
31-9094 | General medical and surgical hospitals; local | 62210L | Sourcing change - share decreases as transcription services are moved out of traditional healthcare settings to third-party providers. |
Pharmacy aides |
31-9095 | Grocery and specialty food retailers | 4450A1 | Demand change - share decreases as consolidation of the retail pharmacy industry and patient use of mail-order/online pharmacies dampen demand for pharmacy aides in retail settings. |
Pharmacy aides |
31-9095 | General merchandise retailers | 455000 | Demand change - share decreases as consolidation of the retail pharmacy industry and patient use of mail-order/online pharmacies dampen demand for pharmacy aides in retail settings. |
First-line supervisors of correctional officers |
33-1011 | Facilities support services | 561200 | Demand change - share decreases as states reduce their reliance on private prisons. |
First-line supervisors of correctional officers |
33-1011 | State government, excluding education and hospitals | 999200 | Demand change - share decreases as states seek to reduce prison populations. |
First-line supervisors of correctional officers |
33-1011 | Local government, excluding education and hospitals | 999300 | Demand change - share decreases as states seek to reduce prison populations. |
First-line supervisors of security workers |
33-1091 | Total employment | TE1000 | Demand change - share decreases as fewer security guards require proportionately fewer first-line supervisors. |
Firefighters |
33-2011 | Forestry | 1131-2 | Demand change - share increases as more frequent and severe wildfires will increase the demand for fire suppression. |
Forest fire inspectors and prevention specialists |
33-2022 | Total employment | TE1000 | Demand change - share increases as increasingly destructive wild land fires will increase the demand for fire prevention. |
Bailiffs |
33-3011 | Total employment | TE1000 | Demand change - share decreases as caseloads continue to decline and courts consolidate. |
Correctional officers and jailers |
33-3012 | Facilities support services | 561200 | Demand change - share decreases as prison populations, and the reliance on private prisons, are expected to decline. |
Correctional officers and jailers |
33-3012 | State government, excluding education and hospitals | 999200 | Demand change - share decreases as state governments seek to reduce prison populations. |
Correctional officers and jailers |
33-3012 | Local government, excluding education and hospitals | 999300 | Demand change - share decreases as local governments seek to reduce prison populations. |
Fish and game wardens |
33-3031 | State government, excluding education and hospitals | 999200 | Demand change - share decreases as declining rates of hunting among Americans may continue to constrain future demand for employment of fish and game wardens. |
Parking enforcement workers |
33-3041 | Total employment | TE1000 | Productivity change - share decreases as cities continue to adopt automated license plate readers. |
Security guards |
33-9032 | Total employment | TE1000 | Productivity change - share decreases as improvements in remote sensing, including drones and autonomous robots, allow security guards to patrol larger areas. |
School bus monitors |
33-9094 | Elementary and secondary schools; local | 61110L | Demand change - share decreases as local school districts, which are faced with limited funding, are expected to allocate funds to other spending categories in lieu of bus monitors, who are not widely required by law. Lack of funding will continue to limit future demand for bus monitors. |
Chefs and head cooks |
35-1011 | Motion picture and video exhibition | 512130 | Demand change - share increases as traditional movie theaters continue to expand their food and beverage offerings and the number of luxury or boutique movie theaters continues to increase. |
Chefs and head cooks |
35-1011 | Continuing care retirement communities and assisted living facilities for the elderly | 623300 | Demand change - share increases as more senior living facilities hire chefs and head cooks to improve food options at their facilities. |
First-line supervisors of food preparation and serving workers |
35-1012 | Elementary and secondary schools; local | 61110L | Sourcing change - share decreases as schools continue to outsource food preparation services. |
First-line supervisors of food preparation and serving workers |
35-1012 | General medical and surgical hospitals; private | 62210P | Sourcing change - share decreases as hospitals continue to outsource food preparation services. |
First-line supervisors of food preparation and serving workers |
35-1012 | General medical and surgical hospitals; local | 62210L | Sourcing change - share decreases as hospitals continue to outsource food preparation services. |
First-line supervisors of food preparation and serving workers |
35-1012 | Nursing care facilities (skilled nursing facilities) | 623100 | Sourcing change - share decreases as nursing care facilities continue to outsource food preparation services. |
First-line supervisors of food preparation and serving workers |
35-1012 | Continuing care retirement communities and assisted living facilities for the elderly | 623300 | Sourcing change - share decreases as facilities continue to outsource food preparation services. |
Cooks, fast food |
35-2011 | Full-service restaurants | 722511 | Occupational substitution - share decreases as restaurants hire fast food and counter workers instead of fast food cooks. |
Cooks, restaurant |
35-2014 | Total employment | TE1000 | Demand change - share increases as consumers demand more high-quality healthy food options. |
Cooks, restaurant |
35-2014 | Fitness and recreational sports centers | 713940 | Demand change - share decreases as fitness consumers choose to get their food from sources outside of the gym café. |
Cooks, restaurant |
35-2014 | Drinking places (alcoholic beverages) | 722400 | Demand change - share increases as consumers demand more high-quality healthy food options. |
Cooks, restaurant |
35-2014 | Full-service restaurants | 722511 | Demand change - share increases as consumers demand more high-quality healthy food options. |
Cooks, short order |
35-2015 | Motion picture and video exhibition | 512130 | Demand change - share increases as movie theaters increasingly expand concessions offerings and services to include meals, beverages, and full restaurant services. |
Cooks, short order |
35-2015 | Full-service restaurants | 722511 | Demand change - share decreases as restaurants continue to prefer restaurant cooks over short order cooks due to a greater skill set. |
Cooks, all other |
35-2019 | Motion picture and video exhibition | 512130 | Demand change - share increases as traditional movie theaters continue to expand their food and beverage offerings and the number of luxury or boutique movie theaters continues to increase. |
Food preparation workers |
35-2021 | Elementary and secondary schools; local | 61110L | Sourcing change - share decreases as schools continue to outsource food preparation. |
Food preparation workers |
35-2021 | General medical and surgical hospitals; private | 62210P | Sourcing change - share decreases as more hospitals outsource food service. |
Food preparation workers |
35-2021 | General medical and surgical hospitals; local | 62210L | Sourcing change - share decreases as hospitals continue to outsource food preparation services. |
Food preparation workers |
35-2021 | Nursing care facilities (skilled nursing facilities) | 623100 | Sourcing change - share decreases as food service is outsourced. |
Food preparation workers |
35-2021 | Continuing care retirement communities and assisted living facilities for the elderly | 623300 | Sourcing change - share decreases as food service is outsourced. |
Food preparation workers |
35-2021 | Full-service restaurants | 722511 | Occupational substitution - share decreases as other workers take on the duties of food preparation workers. |
Food preparation workers |
35-2021 | Local government, excluding education and hospitals | 999300 | Sourcing change - share decreases as jails and other local government agencies outsource food services. |
Bartenders |
35-3011 | Motion picture and video exhibition | 512130 | Demand change - share increases as movie theaters increasingly offer more diverse concessions, including alcoholic beverages and traditional restaurant experiences. |
Bartenders |
35-3011 | Casino hotels | 721120 | Productivity change - share decreases as establishments adopt automatic pouring, measuring, and mixing beverage systems. |
Waiters and waitresses |
35-3031 | Motion picture and video exhibition | 512130 | Demand change - share increases as movie theaters increasingly add partial or full restaurant services to existing traditional concessions to encourage attendance. |
Waiters and waitresses |
35-3031 | Full-service restaurants | 722511 | Productivity change - share decreases as adoption of technologies enables more self-service, including online ordering and payments, and will allow waiters and waitresses to serve more customers. |
Food servers, nonrestaurant |
35-3041 | Motion picture and video exhibition | 512130 | Demand change - share increases as theaters are increasingly offering partial or full restaurant menus and services to moviegoers in addition to traditional concessions. |
Dining room and cafeteria attendants and bartender helpers |
35-9011 | Motion picture and video exhibition | 512130 | Demand change - share increases as traditional movie theaters continue to expand their food and beverage offerings and the number of luxury or boutique movie theaters continues to increase. |
Dining room and cafeteria attendants and bartender helpers |
35-9011 | Special food services | 722300 | Occupational substitution - share decreases as the number of food trucks expands which do not typically employ attendants and helpers. |
Dishwashers |
35-9021 | Motion picture and video exhibition | 512130 | Demand change - share increases as movie theaters are increasingly offering partial or full restaurant menus to moviegoers to encourage attendance. Dishwashers will be needed as offerings require more involved preparation and larger kitchens. |
Dishwashers |
35-9021 | Full-service restaurants | 722511 | Demand change - share decreases as an increasing number of delivery and carryout options reduces the number of dishes which need to be washed in-house. |
Hosts and hostesses, restaurant, lounge, and coffee shop |
35-9031 | Motion picture and video exhibition | 512130 | Demand change - share increases as traditional movie theaters continue to expand their food and beverage offerings and the number of luxury or boutique movie theaters continues to increase. |
Hosts and hostesses, restaurant, lounge, and coffee shop |
35-9031 | Full-service restaurants | 722511 | Productivity change - share decreases as an increasing number of restaurants use robots to assist hosts and hostesses seat customers. |
Food preparation and serving related workers, all other |
35-9099 | Motion picture and video exhibition | 512130 | Demand change - share increases as traditional movie theaters continue to expand their food and beverage offerings and the number of luxury or boutique movie theaters continues to increase. |
Maids and housekeeping cleaners |
37-2012 | Casino hotels | 721120 | Demand change - share decreases as some hotels continue to implement flexible schedules and on-demand room cleaning services instead of daily housekeeping. |
Maids and housekeeping cleaners |
37-2012 | Rooming and boarding houses, dormitories, and workers' camps | 721300 | Demand change - share increases as young residents outsourcing daily chores (such as cleaning) becomes more common in shared living spaces. |
Landscaping and groundskeeping workers |
37-3011 | Death care services | 812200 | Demand change - share decreases as the demand for traditional burials (compared to cremations) declines, thereby resulting in less demand for landscaping and groundskeeping workers to prepare gravesites. |
Landscaping and groundskeeping workers |
37-3011 | Local government, excluding education and hospitals | 999300 | Demand change - share increases as local governments increase their focus to plant more green spaces in urban areas, resulting in an increased demand for landscaping and groundskeeping workers to plant and maintain these green spaces. |
Tree trimmers and pruners |
37-3013 | Local government, excluding education and hospitals | 999300 | Demand change - share increases as local governments desire more trees in urban areas. |
Animal caretakers |
39-2021 | Other personal services | 812900 | Demand change - share increases as more Americans own pets, and pet owners are spending more on their pets, which will continue to drive demand for animal caretakers in other personal services. |
Gambling and sports book writers and runners |
39-3012 | Total employment | TE1000 | Demand change - share decreases as the number of online betting options increase allowing betters to forgo travel to physical locations. |
Motion picture projectionists |
39-3021 | Motion picture and video exhibition | 512130 | Demand change - share decreases as increased demand for alternative content, or event cinema, at movie theaters will reduce demand for motion picture projectionists to set up and operate motion picture projection. |
Ushers, lobby attendants, and ticket takers |
39-3031 | Promoters of performing arts, sports, and similar events | 711300 | Productivity change - share decreases as productivity improves through the adoption of more efficient, contactless ticketing and check-in systems. |
Amusement and recreation attendants |
39-3091 | Amusement parks and arcades | 713100 | Productivity change - share decreases as productivity improves through the expansion in touchless technology, including through use of Artificial Intelligence (AI), RFID, and Internet of Things (IoT) devices. |
Embalmers |
39-4011 | Death care services | 812200 | Demand change - share decreases as more cremations take place and fewer embalming services are needed. |
Baggage porters and bellhops |
39-6011 | Support activities for air transportation | 488100 | Demand change, capital/labor substitution - share decreases as changing passenger preferences and automated bag drop kiosks reduce demand for skycaps. |
Baggage porters and bellhops |
39-6011 | Casino hotels | 721120 | Demand change - share decreases as casino hotels reduce nonessential services. |
Concierges |
39-6012 | Real estate | 531000 | Demand change - share increases as luxury apartments in large metro areas, which are more likely to employ these workers, are built at a faster rate than other apartment buildings. |
Concierges |
39-6012 | Continuing care retirement communities and assisted living facilities for the elderly | 623300 | Demand change - share increases as higher-end senior living communities that are more likely to offer concierge services are being built at a faster rate than less expensive senior living communities. |
Concierges |
39-6012 | Casino hotels | 721120 | Capital/labor substitution - share decreases as establishments implement digital solutions to provide information to customers. |
Exercise trainers and group fitness instructors |
39-9031 | Other schools and instruction; private | 61160P | Demand change - share increases as enrollment numbers continue to grow within sports and recreation instruction establishments. |
Exercise trainers and group fitness instructors |
39-9031 | Other personal services | 812900 | Demand change - share increases as a growing interests for healthier lifestyle, including exercise and fitness, among all segments of adult population results in demand for more trainers and instructors to workout with individuals and groups. |
Cashiers |
41-2011 | Total employment | TE1000 | Demand change, capital/labor substitution - share decreases as online sales increase and self-checkout systems become more common. |
Cashiers |
41-2011 | Grocery and specialty food retailers | 4450A1 | Demand change, capital/labor substitution - share decreases as online grocery orders for pickup or delivery increase and self-checkout systems become more common. |
Cashiers |
41-2011 | General merchandise retailers | 455000 | Demand change, capital/labor substitution - share decreases as online orders for pickup or delivery increase and self-checkout systems become more common. |
Cashiers |
41-2011 | Building material and supplies dealers | 444100 | Capital/labor substitution - share decreases as the use of self-checkout systems becomes more common. |
Cashiers |
41-2011 | Electronics and appliance retailers | 449200 | Occupational substitution, capital/labor substitution - share decreases as retail salespersons complete transactions and self-checkout systems become more common. |
Cashiers |
41-2011 | Clothing and clothing accessories retailers | 458100 | Occupational substitution - share decreases as the duties of a dedicated cashier are often performed by retail salespersons. |
Cashiers |
41-2011 | Shoe retailers | 458200 | Occupational substitution - share decreases as retail salespersons increasingly perform duties typical of a cashier, such as by processing transactions themselves. |
Cashiers |
41-2011 | Book retailers and news dealers | 459200 | Occupational substitution - share decreases as the duties of a dedicated cashier are often performed by retail salespersons. |
Cashiers |
41-2011 | Scenic and sightseeing transportation, land | 487100 | Demand change, capital/labor substitution - share decreases as online sales increase and self-checkout systems become more common. |
Cashiers |
41-2011 | Scenic and sightseeing transportation, water | 487200 | Demand change, capital/labor substitution - share decreases as online sales increase and self-checkout systems become more common. |
Cashiers |
41-2011 | Scenic and sightseeing transportation, other | 487900 | Demand change, capital/labor substitution - share decreases as online sales increase and self-checkout systems become more common. |
Cashiers |
41-2011 | Motion picture and video exhibition | 512130 | Capital/labor substitution - share decreases as online sales increase and self-checkout systems become more common. |
Cashiers |
41-2011 | Spectator sports | 711200 | Capital/labor substitution - share decreases as self-checkout systems become more common and increasingly replace cashiers. |
Cashiers |
41-2011 | Amusement parks and arcades | 713100 | Capital/labor substitution - share decreases as self-checkout systems become more common and increasingly replace cashiers. |
Cashiers |
41-2011 | Gambling industries (except casino hotels) | 713200 | Capital/labor substitution - share decreases as self-checkout systems become more common and increasingly replace cashiers. |
Cashiers |
41-2011 | Casino hotels | 721120 | Capital/labor substitution - share decreases as casino hotels increasingly use mobile payment devices which allow customers to pay at their table. |
Cashiers |
41-2011 | Special food services | 722300 | Capital/labor substitution - share decreases as an increasing adoption of online ordering and payment and self-checkout systems by restaurants require fewer cashiers for payment processing. |
Cashiers |
41-2011 | Drinking places (alcoholic beverages) | 722400 | Capital/labor substitution - share decreases as an increasing adoption of online ordering and payment and self-checkout systems adopted by drinking places will require fewer cashiers for payment processing. |
Cashiers |
41-2011 | Full-service restaurants | 722511 | Capital/labor substitution - share decreases as an increasing adoption of online ordering and payment and self-checkout systems by restaurants require fewer cashiers for payment processing. |
Cashiers |
41-2011 | Drycleaning and laundry services | 812300 | Demand change - share decreases as demand for dry cleaning at dry cleaning establishments falls and pickup and drop off laundry services increase. |
Gambling change persons and booth cashiers |
41-2012 | Total employment | TE1000 | Capital/labor substitution - share decreases as electronic payment systems replace the need for workers. |
Counter and rental clerks |
41-2021 | Drycleaning and laundry services | 812300 | Demand change - share decreases as demand for dry cleaning at dry cleaning establishments falls and pickup and drop off laundry services increase. |
Retail salespersons |
41-2031 | Clothing and clothing accessories retailers | 458100 | Occupational substitution - share increases as retail salespersons increasingly perform duties previously done by cashiers, such as processing transactions. |
Retail salespersons |
41-2031 | Shoe retailers | 458200 | Occupational substitution - share increases as retail salespersons increasingly perform duties previously done by cashiers, such as processing transactions. |
Retail salespersons |
41-2031 | Book retailers and news dealers | 459200 | Occupational substitution - share increases as retail salespersons increasingly perform duties previously done by cashiers, such as processing transactions. |
Advertising sales agents |
41-3011 | Total employment | TE1000 | Capital/labor substitution - share decreases as the ad buying and selling process is increasingly automated by technology, reducing the need for advertising sales agents. |
Insurance sales agents |
41-3021 | Total employment | TE1000 | Productivity change - share decreases as Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools are increasingly integrated into workflows, allowing insurance sales agents to focus on direct sales activity. |
Securities, commodities, and financial services sales agents |
41-3031 | Total employment | TE1000 | Productivity change - share decreases as technology, including Artificial Intelligence (AI), allows workers to analyze data more efficiently. |
Travel agents |
41-3041 | Travel arrangement and reservation services | 561500 | Demand change, productivity change - share decreases as consumer use of online booking services reduces the need for travel agents. The increasing use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools will also allow travel agents to perform administrative and marketing tasks more efficiently. |
Sales representatives of services, except advertising, insurance, financial services, and travel |
41-3091 | Total employment | TE1000 | Productivity change - share decreases as generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) is integrated into the sales process allowing sales representatives to focus on direct sales activity. |
Sales representatives of services, except advertising, insurance, financial services, and travel |
41-3091 | Security systems services | 561620 | Demand change - share increases as companies increasingly add new products and services, such as wireless, facial recognition, mobile surveillance services, and robotic security services, requiring additional sales workers to market and sell them to consumers. |
Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing, technical and scientific products |
41-4011 | Total employment | TE1000 | Productivity change - share decreases as generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) is integrated into the sales process allowing sales representatives to focus on direct sales activity. |
Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing, except technical and scientific products |
41-4012 | Total employment | TE1000 | Productivity change - share decreases as generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) is integrated into the sales process allowing sales representatives to focus on direct sales activity. |
Demonstrators and product promoters |
41-9011 | Advertising, public relations, and related services | 541800 | Demand change - share decreases as in-store shopping declines requiring fewer product in-person demonstrations, digital promotion and demonstration via virtual and augmented reality advertising increases, and more freelancers demonstrate and promote products online. |
Models |
41-9012 | Clothing and clothing accessories retailers | 458100 | Capital/labor substitution - share decreases as the use of AI-generated models grows, reducing the need for models. |
Sales engineers |
41-9031 | Total employment | TE1000 | Productivity change - share decreases as AI tools are increasingly integrated into workflows, allowing sales engineers to focus on direct sales activity. |
Telemarketers |
41-9041 | Total employment | TE1000 | Demand change - share decreases as the Do Not Call registry from the FCC continues to grow, and companies increasingly use alternative digital marketing methods. |
Telemarketers |
41-9041 | Business support services | 561400 | Demand change - share decreases as the Do Not Call registry from the FCC continues to grow, and companies increasingly use alternative digital marketing methods. |
First-line supervisors of office and administrative support workers |
43-1011 | Total employment | TE1000 | Demand change - share decreases as office and administrative support occupations decline, resulting in fewer first-line supervisors needed. |
First-line supervisors of office and administrative support workers |
43-1011 | Scheduled air transportation | 481100 | Demand change - share decreases as office and administrative support occupations decline, resulting in fewer first-line supervisors needed. |
First-line supervisors of office and administrative support workers |
43-1011 | Other nondepository credit intermediation | 522290 | Demand change - share decreases as office and administrative support occupations decline, resulting in fewer first-line supervisors needed. |
First-line supervisors of office and administrative support workers |
43-1011 | Credit intermediation and related activities (5221,3) | 5220A1 | Demand change - share decreases as office and administrative support occupations decline, resulting in fewer first-line supervisors needed. |
First-line supervisors of office and administrative support workers |
43-1011 | Insurance agencies and brokerages | 524210 | Demand change - share decreases as office and administrative support occupations decline, resulting in fewer first-line supervisors needed. |
First-line supervisors of office and administrative support workers |
43-1011 | Offices of physicians | 621100 | Demand change - share decreases as office and administrative support occupations decline, resulting in fewer first-line supervisors needed. |
Switchboard operators, including answering service |
43-2011 | Total employment | TE1000 | Capital/labor substitution - share decreases as companies continue to use automated phone systems. |
Telephone operators |
43-2021 | Total employment | TE1000 | Capital/labor substitution - share decreases as companies continue to adopt automated phone systems. |
Bill and account collectors |
43-3011 | Total employment | TE1000 | Productivity change - share decreases as automated collections software allows the same amount of collections work to be done with fewer human collectors. |
Bill and account collectors |
43-3011 | Other nondepository credit intermediation | 522290 | Productivity change - share decreases as automated collections software allows the same amount of collections work to be done with fewer human collectors. |
Bill and account collectors |
43-3011 | Credit intermediation and related activities (5221,3) | 5220A1 | Productivity change - share decreases as automated collections software allows the same amount of collections work to be done with fewer human collectors. |
Bill and account collectors |
43-3011 | Accounting, tax preparation, bookkeeping, and payroll services | 541200 | Productivity change - share decreases as automated collections software allows the same amount of collections work to be done with fewer human collectors. |
Bill and account collectors |
43-3011 | Management of companies and enterprises | 551000 | Productivity change - share decreases as automated collections software allows the same amount of collections work to be done with fewer human collectors. |
Bill and account collectors |
43-3011 | Business support services | 561400 | Productivity change - share decreases as automated collections software allows the same amount of collections work to be done with fewer human collectors. |
Billing and posting clerks |
43-3021 | Total employment | TE1000 | Productivity change - share decreases as automated billing software will allow more billing work to be done by fewer employees. |
Billing and posting clerks |
43-3021 | Direct health and medical insurance carriers | 524114 | Productivity change - share decreases as firms increase the use of computer software, enhanced with AI technology, automating billing activities, requiring fewer clerks. |
Billing and posting clerks |
43-3021 | Direct insurance (except life, health, and medical) carriers | 524120 | Productivity change - share decreases as firms increase the use of computer software, enhanced with AI technology, automating billing activities, requiring fewer clerks. |
Billing and posting clerks |
43-3021 | Accounting, tax preparation, bookkeeping, and payroll services | 541200 | Productivity change - share decreases as automated billing software will allow more billing work to be done by fewer employees. |
Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks |
43-3031 | Total employment | TE1000 | Productivity change - share decreases as automated bookkeeping software will allow more bookkeeping work to be done by fewer employees. |
Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks |
43-3031 | Exterminating and pest control services | 561710 | Productivity change - share decreases as automated bookkeeping software will allow more bookkeeping work to be done by fewer employees. |
Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks |
43-3031 | Offices of dentists | 621200 | Productivity change - share decreases as automated bookkeeping software will allow more bookkeeping work to be done by fewer employees. |
Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks |
43-3031 | Ambulance services | 621910 | Productivity change - share decreases as automated bookkeeping software will allow more bookkeeping work to be done by fewer employees. |
Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks |
43-3031 | All other ambulatory healthcare services | 621990 | Productivity change - share decreases as automated bookkeeping software will allow more bookkeeping work to be done by fewer employees. |
Gambling cage workers |
43-3041 | Total employment | TE1000 | Capital/labor substitution - share decreases as electronic payment and credit systems replace the need for workers. |
Payroll and timekeeping clerks |
43-3051 | Total employment | TE1000 | Productivity change - share decreases as more payroll and timekeeping work is automated, reducing the need for these workers. |
Procurement clerks |
43-3061 | Total employment | TE1000 | Productivity change - share decreases as procurement processes are increasingly automated, reducing the need for these workers. |
Tellers |
43-3071 | Other nondepository credit intermediation | 522290 | Capital/labor substitution - share decreases as various types of technology, including online and mobile applications, enhanced ATMs, and video teller kiosks, will perform tasks currently performed by tellers. |
Tellers |
43-3071 | Credit intermediation and related activities (5221,3) | 5220A1 | Capital/labor substitution - share decreases as various types of technology, including online and mobile applications, enhanced ATMs, and video teller kiosks, will perform tasks currently performed by tellers. |
Financial clerks, all other |
43-3099 | Other nondepository credit intermediation | 522290 | Capital/labor substitution - share decreases as various types of technology will perform some tasks currently performed by various financial clerks such as vault clerks and safety deposit clerks. |
Financial clerks, all other |
43-3099 | Credit intermediation and related activities (5221,3) | 5220A1 | Capital/labor substitution - share decreases as various types of technology will perform some tasks currently performed by various financial clerks such as vault clerks and safety deposit clerks. |
Brokerage clerks |
43-4011 | Total employment | TE1000 | Productivity change - share decreases as technology automates many tasks formerly performed by these workers, including document processing and data entry. |
Correspondence clerks |
43-4021 | Total employment | TE1000 | Productivity change - share decreases as increasingly capable automated document generators and online chat technology increase the productivity of these workers. |
Court, municipal, and license clerks |
43-4031 | Business support services | 561400 | Productivity change - share decreases as technology allows court reporters to produce more documentation. |
Credit authorizers, checkers, and clerks |
43-4041 | Total employment | TE1000 | Productivity change - share decreases as the availability of online credit reports allows this work to be done more efficiently, reducing the need for these workers. |
Customer service representatives |
43-4051 | Total employment | TE1000 | Capital/labor substitution - share decreases as advances in speech and language processing allow computers to handle customer service interactions with greater frequency. |
Customer service representatives |
43-4051 | Professional and commercial equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers | 423400 | Productivity change - share decreases as an increasing use of advances in speech and language processing allow computers to handle customer service interactions with greater frequency that will require fewer customer service representatives to answer customer questions. |
Customer service representatives |
43-4051 | Apparel, piece goods, and notions merchant wholesalers | 424300 | Capital/labor substitution - share decreases as advances in speech and language processing allow computers to handle customer service interactions with greater frequency. |
Customer service representatives |
43-4051 | Wholesale trade agents and brokers | 425000 | Productivity change - share decreases as an increasing use of advances in speech and language processing allow computers to handle customer service interactions with greater frequency that will require fewer customer service representatives to answer customer questions. |
Customer service representatives |
43-4051 | General medical and surgical hospitals; local | 62210L | Demand change - share increases as federal payment models emphasize patient satisfaction as a requirement for reimbursement. This will result in increased demand for customer service representatives employed in hospitals that continue to try to achieve high levels of patient satisfaction. |
File clerks |
43-4071 | Total employment | TE1000 | Occupational substitution - share decreases as continued adoption of digital records permits other occupations to file and retrieve records on their own. |
Interviewers, except eligibility and loan |
43-4111 | Total employment | TE1000 | Productivity change - share decreases as digital data collection allows fewer interviewers to focus on more complex and nuanced tasks. |
Interviewers, except eligibility and loan |
43-4111 | General medical and surgical hospitals; private | 62210P | Productivity change - share decreases as digital data collection allows fewer interviewers to be needed, who will increasingly focus on more complex and nuanced patient needs. |
Interviewers, except eligibility and loan |
43-4111 | Specialty (except psychiatric and substance abuse) hospitals; private | 62230P | Productivity change - share decreases as digital data collection allows fewer interviewers to be needed, who will increasingly focus on more complex and nuanced patient needs. |
Interviewers, except eligibility and loan |
43-4111 | General medical and surgical hospitals; state | 62210S | Productivity change - share decreases as digital data collection allows fewer interviewers to be needed, who will increasingly focus on more complex and nuanced patient needs. |
Interviewers, except eligibility and loan |
43-4111 | General medical and surgical hospitals; local | 62210L | Productivity change - share decreases as digital data collection allows fewer interviewers to be needed, who will increasingly focus on more complex and nuanced patient needs. |
Interviewers, except eligibility and loan |
43-4111 | Specialty (except psychiatric and substance abuse) hospitals; state | 62230S | Productivity change - share decreases as digital data collection allows fewer interviewers to be needed, who will increasingly focus on more complex and nuanced patient needs. |
Interviewers, except eligibility and loan |
43-4111 | Specialty (except psychiatric and substance abuse) hospitals; local | 62230L | Productivity change - share decreases as digital data collection allows fewer interviewers to be needed, who will increasingly focus on more complex and nuanced patient needs. |
Library assistants, clerical |
43-4121 | Web search portals, libraries, archives, and other information services | 519000 | Demand change - share decreases as library usage declines, resulting in reduced need for library assistants. |
Library assistants, clerical |
43-4121 | Colleges, universities, and professional schools; private | 61130P | Demand change - share decreases as library usage declines, resulting in reduced need for library assistants. |
Library assistants, clerical |
43-4121 | Elementary and secondary schools; local | 61110L | Demand change - share decreases as library usage declines, resulting in reduced need for library assistants. |
Library assistants, clerical |
43-4121 | Junior colleges; state | 61120S | Demand change - share decreases as library usage declines, resulting in reduced need for library assistants. |
Library assistants, clerical |
43-4121 | Junior colleges; local | 61120L | Demand change - share decreases as library usage declines, resulting in reduced need for library assistants. |
Library assistants, clerical |
43-4121 | Colleges, universities, and professional schools; state | 61130S | Demand change - share decreases as library usage declines, resulting in reduced need for library assistants. |
Library assistants, clerical |
43-4121 | Local government, excluding education and hospitals | 999300 | Demand change - share decreases as library usage declines, resulting in reduced need for library assistants. |
Loan interviewers and clerks |
43-4131 | Other nondepository credit intermediation | 522290 | Productivity change - share decreases as credit companies adopt automated systems, which can perform many loan application tasks, and require reduced interactions with customers. |
Loan interviewers and clerks |
43-4131 | Credit intermediation and related activities (5221,3) | 5220A1 | Productivity change - share decreases as credit companies adopt automated systems, which can perform many loan application tasks, and require reduced interactions with customers. |
New accounts clerks |
43-4141 | Total employment | TE1000 | Productivity change - share decreases as bank customers increasingly use online and mobile tools to open bank accounts, reducing the need for these workers. |
New accounts clerks |
43-4141 | Credit intermediation and related activities (5221,3) | 5220A1 | Productivity change - share decreases as bank customers increasingly use online and mobile tools to open bank accounts, reducing the need for these workers. |
Order clerks |
43-4151 | Total employment | TE1000 | Capital/labor substitution - share decreases as establishments continue to adopt automated order-taking systems. |
Order clerks |
43-4151 | Apparel, piece goods, and notions merchant wholesalers | 424300 | Capital/labor substitution - share decreases as establishments continue to adopt automated order-taking systems. |
Human resources assistants, except payroll and timekeeping |
43-4161 | Total employment | TE1000 | Productivity change - share decreases as organizations combine their administrative functions and leverage HR technology, resulting in the need for fewer human resources assistants, except payroll and timekeeping. |
Receptionists and information clerks |
43-4171 | Total employment | TE1000 | Capital/labor substitution - share decreases as technology such as automated phone trees will continue to be used. |
Receptionists and information clerks |
43-4171 | Direct insurance (except life, health, and medical) carriers | 524120 | Productivity change - share decreases as companies use computer software, enhanced with AI technology, to automate data collection, document preparation, and other tasks performed by clerks. |
Reservation and transportation ticket agents and travel clerks |
43-4181 | Scheduled air transportation | 481100 | Capital/labor substitution - share decreases as the tasks completed by reservation and transportation ticket agents and travel clerks are completed by passengers using mobile applications and self-service kiosks to bypass the ticket counter. |
Couriers and messengers |
43-5021 | Couriers and express delivery services | 492100 | Capital/labor substitution - share decreases as innovations such as e-delivery (and e-signatures) help get important and time-sensitive documents signed and delivered online, eliminating the expenses of printing and shipping signed documents for same day or overnight delivery. |
Couriers and messengers |
43-5021 | Local messengers and local delivery | 492200 | Capital/labor substitution - share decreases as innovations such as e-delivery (and e-signatures) help get important and time-sensitive documents signed and delivered online, eliminating the expenses of printing and shipping signed documents for same day or overnight delivery. |
Couriers and messengers |
43-5021 | Credit intermediation and related activities (5221,3) | 5220A1 | Capital/labor substitution - share decreases as innovations such as e-delivery (and e-signatures) help get important and time-sensitive documents signed and delivered online, eliminating the expenses of printing and shipping signed documents for same day or overnight delivery. |
Couriers and messengers |
43-5021 | Legal services | 541100 | Capital/labor substitution - share decreases as legally binding electronic signatures become more accepted and widely used and as more states adopt electronic document submission. |
Dispatchers, except police, fire, and ambulance |
43-5032 | Total employment | TE1000 | Productivity change - share decreases as streamlined and automated dispatch systems process relatively simple transactions with less input from dispatchers. |
Dispatchers, except police, fire, and ambulance |
43-5032 | Taxi and limousine service | 485300 | Productivity change - share decreases as streamlined and automated dispatch systems process relatively simple transactions with less input from dispatchers. |
Dispatchers, except police, fire, and ambulance |
43-5032 | Support activities for road transportation | 488400 | Productivity change - share decreases as streamlined and automated dispatch systems process relatively simple transactions with less input from dispatchers. |
Dispatchers, except police, fire, and ambulance |
43-5032 | Security systems services | 561620 | Productivity change - share decreases as streamlined and automated dispatch systems process relatively simple transactions with less input from dispatchers. |
Meter readers, utilities |
43-5041 | Total employment | TE1000 | Capital/labor substitution - share decreases as alternative remote meter reading technologies (e.g., AMR, AMI, and other smart systems) increasingly replace meter readers, allowing meter readers to be more productive and efficient. Innovative technology allows government and companies to remotely read meters more frequently. |
Meter readers, utilities |
43-5041 | Natural gas distribution | 221200 | Capital/labor substitution - share decreases as smart meters that automatically send energy usage data increasingly replace manual meter readings. |
Postal service mail sorters, processors, and processing machine operators |
43-5053 | Postal service | 491000 | Capital/labor substitution - share decreases as continued gains are realized from improved sorting and tracking equipment and processes. |
Shipping, receiving, and inventory clerks |
43-5071 | Total employment | TE1000 | Productivity change, demand change - share decreases as continued adoption of tracking technologies, such as sensors, bar codes, and RFID, increases the ability of workers to process shipped and received packages. The share decreases are partially offset by the increased demand for shipping and receiving services due to the increased online sales. |
Shipping, receiving, and inventory clerks |
43-5071 | Animal food manufacturing | 311100 | Productivity change - share decreases as automated filling, bagging, packing, and palletizing equipment is used to track products. |
Shipping, receiving, and inventory clerks |
43-5071 | Chemical manufacturing (3255,6) | 3250A2 | Productivity change, demand change - share decreases as continued adoption of tracking technologies, such as sensors, bar codes, and RFID, increases the ability of workers to process shipped and received packages. The share decreases are partially offset by the increased demand for shipping and receiving services due to the increased online sales. |
Shipping, receiving, and inventory clerks |
43-5071 | Support activities for water transportation | 488300 | Productivity change, demand change - share decreases as continued adoption of tracking technologies, such as sensors, bar codes, and RFID, increases the ability of workers to process shipped and received packages. The share decreases are partially offset by the increased demand for shipping and receiving services due to the increased online sales. |
Shipping, receiving, and inventory clerks |
43-5071 | Freight transportation arrangement | 488500 | Productivity change, demand change - share decreases as continued adoption of tracking technologies, such as sensors, bar codes, and RFID, increases the ability of workers to process shipped and received packages. The share decreases are partially offset by the increased demand for shipping and receiving services due to the increased online sales. |
Shipping, receiving, and inventory clerks |
43-5071 | Other support activities for transportation | 488900 | Productivity change, demand change - share decreases as continued adoption of tracking technologies, such as sensors, bar codes, and RFID, increases the ability of workers to process shipped and received packages. The share decreases are partially offset by the increased demand for shipping and receiving services due to the increased online sales. |
Shipping, receiving, and inventory clerks |
43-5071 | Warehousing and storage | 493000 | Productivity change, demand change - share decreases as continued adoption of tracking technologies, such as sensors, bar codes, and RFID, increases the ability of workers to process shipped and received packages. The share decreases are partially offset by the increased demand for shipping and receiving services due to the increased online sales. |
Weighers, measurers, checkers, and samplers, recordkeeping |
43-5111 | Total employment | TE1000 | Productivity change - share decreases as businesses increase use of process automation systems and integrate more activities into these systems. |
Executive secretaries and executive administrative assistants |
43-6011 | Total employment | TE1000 | Productivity change - share decreases as technology such as AI systems assist workers in performing tasks. |
Executive secretaries and executive administrative assistants |
43-6011 | Direct health and medical insurance carriers | 524114 | Productivity change - share decreases as firms increase the use of computer software, enhanced with AI technology, to automate routine back office functions, such as documents preparation. |
Executive secretaries and executive administrative assistants |
43-6011 | Direct insurance (except life, health, and medical) carriers | 524120 | Productivity change - share decreases as companies use computer software, enhanced with AI technology, to automate routine clerical and office tasks. |
Executive secretaries and executive administrative assistants |
43-6011 | Office administrative services | 561100 | Occupational substitution - share decreases as improved technology allows workers to perform with fewer secretaries. |
Legal secretaries and administrative assistants |
43-6012 | Total employment | TE1000 | Productivity change - share decreases as technology such as AI systems assist workers in performing tasks. |
Medical secretaries and administrative assistants |
43-6013 | Total employment | TE1000 | Productivity change - share decreases as the increasing use of technology, including AI systems, allows medical secretaries and administrative assistants to perform tasks more efficiently. |
Secretaries and administrative assistants, except legal, medical, and executive |
43-6014 | Total employment | TE1000 | Productivity change - share decreases as technology such as AI systems assist workers in performing tasks. |
Data entry keyers |
43-9021 | Total employment | TE1000 | Capital/labor substitution - share decreases as organizations increasingly manage, store, and analyze large quantities of data, requiring traditional data entry methods to be replaced by automated processes through use of expanded technologies, including artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), mobile data capture, and optical character recognition (OCR). |
Word processors and typists |
43-9022 | Total employment | TE1000 | Occupational substitution, capital/labor substitution - share decreases as other workers assume the functions of typists due to the ubiquity of typing skills and traditional typing methods continue to be replaced by automated processes through use of machine learning (ML) technologies. |
Desktop publishers |
43-9031 | Total employment | TE1000 | Demand change, occupational substitution - share decreases as organizations continue to publish their materials electronically instead of printing them and publishing software improvements make it easier for other workers, such as editors and graphic designers, to perform the duties of desktop publishers. |
Insurance claims and policy processing clerks |
43-9041 | Direct health and medical insurance carriers | 524114 | Productivity change - share decreases as firms increase the use of computer software, enhanced with AI technology, to automate claims and policy processing. |
Insurance claims and policy processing clerks |
43-9041 | Direct insurance (except life, health, and medical) carriers | 524120 | Productivity change - share decreases as firms increase the use of computer software, enhanced with AI technology, to automate claims and policy processing. |
Insurance claims and policy processing clerks |
43-9041 | Insurance agencies and brokerages | 524210 | Productivity change - share decreases as firms increase the use of computer software, enhanced with AI technology, to automate claims and policy processing. |
Insurance claims and policy processing clerks |
43-9041 | Other insurance related activities | 524290 | Productivity change - share decreases as firms increase the use of computer software, enhanced with AI technology, to automate claims and policy processing. |
Mail clerks and mail machine operators, except postal service |
43-9051 | Total employment | TE1000 | Capital/labor substitution - share decreases as companies use machines with programmable software that continues to supplant some office mailing tasks. Share will decrease as correspondence and communication is increasingly done online and organizations utilize administrative staff to handle incoming and outgoing mail. |
Office clerks, general |
43-9061 | Total employment | TE1000 | Productivity change - share decreases as increased use of technology, such as electronic filing systems and file sharing software, require a lesser need for individuals to perform these duties. |
Office clerks, general |
43-9061 | Motor vehicle and motor vehicle parts and supplies merchant wholesalers | 423100 | Productivity change - share decreases as increased use of technology, such as electronic filing systems and file sharing software, require a lesser need for individuals to perform these duties. |
Office clerks, general |
43-9061 | Apparel, piece goods, and notions merchant wholesalers | 424300 | Productivity change - share decreases as increased use of technology, such as electronic filing systems and file sharing software, require a lesser need for individuals to perform these duties. |
Office clerks, general |
43-9061 | Nonscheduled air transportation | 481200 | Productivity change - share decreases as increased use of technology, such as electronic filing systems and file sharing software, require a lesser need for individuals to perform these duties. |
Office clerks, general |
43-9061 | Scenic and sightseeing transportation, water | 487200 | Productivity change - share decreases as increased use of technology, such as electronic filing systems and file sharing software, require a lesser need for individuals to perform these duties. |
Office clerks, general |
43-9061 | Scenic and sightseeing transportation, other | 487900 | Productivity change - share decreases as increased use of technology, such as electronic filing systems and file sharing software, require a lesser need for individuals to perform these duties. |
Office clerks, general |
43-9061 | Support activities for air transportation | 488100 | Productivity change - share decreases as increased use of technology, such as electronic filing systems and file sharing software, require a lesser need for individuals to perform these duties. |
Office clerks, general |
43-9061 | Support activities for rail transportation | 488200 | Productivity change - share decreases as increased use of technology, such as electronic filing systems and file sharing software, require a lesser need for individuals to perform these duties. |
Office clerks, general |
43-9061 | Support activities for water transportation | 488300 | Productivity change - share decreases as increased use of technology, such as electronic filing systems and file sharing software, require a lesser need for individuals to perform these duties. |
Office clerks, general |
43-9061 | Support activities for road transportation | 488400 | Productivity change - share decreases as increased use of technology, such as electronic filing systems and file sharing software, require a lesser need for individuals to perform these duties. |
Office clerks, general |
43-9061 | Direct health and medical insurance carriers | 524114 | Productivity change - share decreases as increased use of technology, such as electronic filing systems and file sharing software, require a lesser need for individuals to perform these duties. |
Office clerks, general |
43-9061 | Direct insurance (except life, health, and medical) carriers | 524120 | Productivity change - share decreases as increased use of technology, such as electronic filing systems and file sharing software, require a lesser need for individuals to perform these duties. |
Office clerks, general |
43-9061 | Other insurance related activities | 524290 | Productivity change - share decreases as increased use of technology, such as electronic filing systems and file sharing software, require a lesser need for individuals to perform these duties. |
Office clerks, general |
43-9061 | Office administrative services | 561100 | Productivity change - share decreases as increased use of technology, such as electronic filing systems and file sharing software, require a lesser need for individuals to perform these duties. |
Office clerks, general |
43-9061 | Exterminating and pest control services | 561710 | Productivity change - share decreases as increased use of technology, such as electronic filing systems and file sharing software, require a lesser need for individuals to perform these duties. |
Office clerks, general |
43-9061 | Landscaping services | 561730 | Productivity change - share decreases as increased use of technology, such as electronic filing systems and file sharing software, require a lesser need for individuals to perform these duties. |
Office clerks, general |
43-9061 | Other support services | 561900 | Productivity change - share decreases as increased use of technology, such as electronic filing systems and file sharing software, require a lesser need for individuals to perform these duties. |
Office clerks, general |
43-9061 | Colleges, universities, and professional schools; private | 61130P | Productivity change - share decreases as increased use of technology, such as electronic filing systems and file sharing software, require a lesser need for individuals to perform these duties. |
Office clerks, general |
43-9061 | Offices of dentists | 621200 | Productivity change - share decreases as increased use of technology, such as electronic filing systems and file sharing software, require a lesser need for individuals to perform these duties. |
Office clerks, general |
43-9061 | Ambulance services | 621910 | Productivity change - share decreases as increased use of technology, such as electronic filing systems and file sharing software, require a lesser need for individuals to perform these duties. |
Office clerks, general |
43-9061 | All other ambulatory healthcare services | 621990 | Productivity change - share decreases as increased use of technology, such as electronic filing systems and file sharing software, require a lesser need for individuals to perform these duties. |
Office clerks, general |
43-9061 | General medical and surgical hospitals; local | 62210L | Occupational substitution - share decreases as increased use of technology, such as electronic filing systems and file sharing software allows other workers in offices to perform the duties of general office clerks. |
Office clerks, general |
43-9061 | Residential intellectual and developmental disability facilities | 623210 | Productivity change - share decreases as increased use of technology, such as electronic filing systems and file sharing software, require a lesser need for individuals to perform these duties. |
Office clerks, general |
43-9061 | Residential mental health and substance abuse facilities | 623220 | Productivity change - share decreases as increased use of technology, such as electronic filing systems and file sharing software, require a lesser need for individuals to perform these duties. |
Office clerks, general |
43-9061 | Other residential care facilities | 623900 | Productivity change - share decreases as increased use of technology, such as electronic filing systems and file sharing software, require a lesser need for individuals to perform these duties. |
Office machine operators, except computer |
43-9071 | Total employment | TE1000 | Demand change - share decreases as offices become paperless and continue to use technology such as electronic filing systems. |
Statistical assistants |
43-9111 | Total employment | TE1000 | Occupational substitution - share decreases as workers across a variety of disciplines can perform many of the tasks, such as compiling and analyzing data, once performed by statistical assistants. |
Office and administrative support workers, all other |
43-9199 | Total employment | TE1000 | Productivity change - share decreases as increased use of technology require fewer workers to perform these duties such as stuffing envelopes. |
Animal breeders |
45-2021 | Animal production and aquaculture | 112000 | Demand change - share increases as livestock farming operations increasingly emphasize new and improved breeding techniques. |
Graders and sorters, agricultural products |
45-2041 | Total employment | TE1000 | Capital/labor substitution - share decreases as enhanced technology will automatically sort and grade a growing number of agricultural products. |
Agricultural equipment operators |
45-2091 | Crop production | 111000 | Capital/labor substitution - share increases as the expansion of Internet of Things (IoT) and IoT connected devices utilized in agricultural operations increase the demand for agricultural equipment operators to operate and monitor these devices and to make informed decisions using the data collected. |
Agricultural equipment operators |
45-2091 | Animal production and aquaculture | 112000 | Demand change - share increases as more sophisticated agricultural equipment is increasingly used for farming and related operations, resulting in a greater need for the workers who operate this equipment and less of a need for workers to do tasks by hand. |
Agricultural equipment operators |
45-2091 | Support activities for agriculture and forestry | 115000 | Demand change - share increases as more sophisticated agricultural equipment is increasingly used for farming and related operations, resulting in a greater need for the workers who operate this equipment and less of a need for workers to do tasks by hand. |
Agricultural equipment operators |
45-2091 | Farm product raw material merchant wholesalers | 424500 | Demand change - share increases as more sophisticated agricultural equipment is increasingly used for farming and related operations, resulting in a greater need for the workers who operate this equipment and less of a need for workers to do tasks by hand. |
Agricultural equipment operators |
45-2091 | Merchant wholesalers, nondurable goods (4241,7,9) | 4240A3 | Demand change - share increases as more sophisticated agricultural equipment is increasingly used for farming and related operations, resulting in a greater need for the workers who operate this equipment and less of a need for workers to do tasks by hand. |
Farmworkers and laborers, crop, nursery, and greenhouse |
45-2092 | Total employment | TE1000 | Capital/labor substitution - share decreases as the mechanization of agricultural operations is expected to reduce demand for these workers, with a corresponding increase in demand for agricultural equipment operators. |
Farmworkers and laborers, crop, nursery, and greenhouse |
45-2092 | Crop production | 111000 | Capital/labor substitution - share decreases as the expansion of Internet of Things (IoT) and IoT connected devices utilized in agricultural operations reduce the demand for manual work previously completed by farmworkers and laborers, crop, nursery, and greenhouse employees. |
Farmworkers, farm, ranch, and aquacultural animals |
45-2093 | Total employment | TE1000 | Capital/labor substitution - share decreases as the mechanization of agricultural operations is expected to reduce demand for these workers, with a corresponding increase in demand for agricultural equipment operators. |
Farmworkers, farm, ranch, and aquacultural animals |
45-2093 | Crop production | 111000 | Capital/labor substitution - share decreases as the expansion of Internet of Things (IoT) and IoT connected devices utilized in agricultural operations reduce the demand for manual work previously completed by farmworkers, farm, ranch, and aquacultural animals employees. |
Forest and conservation workers |
45-4011 | Total employment | TE1000 | Productivity change - share decreases as the automation of some manual labor tasks in forest and conservation work reduces the needed number of these workers. |
Fallers |
45-4021 | Total employment | TE1000 | Occupational substitution - share decreases as logging equipment operators will continue to take over some of the tasks performed by fallers due increased mechanization. |
Logging equipment operators |
45-4022 | Total employment | TE1000 | Occupational substitution - share increases as logging equipment operators will continue to take over some of the tasks performed by fallers and other logging workers who perform tasks by hand, given increased mechanization in the industry. |
First-line supervisors of construction trades and extraction workers |
47-1011 | Highway, street, and bridge construction | 237300 | Demand change - share increases as more first-line supervisors are needed to manage expanding construction activities. |
First-line supervisors of construction trades and extraction workers |
47-1011 | Electrical contractors and other wiring installation contractors | 238210 | Demand change - share increases as growing demand for wind and solar installations, wiring for device connectivity, and electric vehicle (EV) charging will increase the need for electricians, construction workers, and their supervisors in turn. |
First-line supervisors of construction trades and extraction workers |
47-1011 | Other specialty trade contractors | 238900 | Demand change - share increases as more first-line supervisors are needed to manage expanding construction activities. |
Boilermakers |
47-2011 | Nonresidential building construction | 236200 | Demand change - share decreases as coal plants are closed or converted to natural gas. |
Boilermakers |
47-2011 | Power and communication line and related structures construction | 237130 | Demand change - share decreases as coal plants are closed or converted to natural gas. |
Boilermakers |
47-2011 | Other heavy and civil engineering construction | 237900 | Demand change - share decreases as coal plants are closed or converted to natural gas. |
Boilermakers |
47-2011 | Plumbing, heating, and air-conditioning contractors | 238220 | Demand change - share decreases as coal plants are closed or converted to natural gas. |
Boilermakers |
47-2011 | Other building equipment contractors | 238290 | Demand change - share decreases as coal plants are closed or converted to natural gas. |
Boilermakers |
47-2011 | Commercial and industrial machinery and equipment (except automotive and electronic) repair and maintenance | 811300 | Demand change - share decreases as coal plants are closed or converted to natural gas. |
Brickmasons and blockmasons |
47-2021 | Nonresidential building construction | 236200 | Sourcing change - share decreases as the increasing use of offsite manufactured prefabricated panels instead of onsite smaller bricks reduces the number of these workers needed onsite to install. |
Brickmasons and blockmasons |
47-2021 | Masonry contractors | 238140 | Sourcing change - share decreases as the increasing use of offsite manufactured prefabricated panels instead of onsite smaller bricks reduces the number of these workers needed onsite to install. |
Brickmasons and blockmasons |
47-2021 | Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing | 327000 | Sourcing change - share increases as more brick veneer work is prepared offsite and panels are shipped from factories. |
Stonemasons |
47-2022 | Total employment | TE1000 | Occupational substitution - share decreases as brickmasons and blockmasons increasingly install more stone products instead of stonemasons. |
Carpet installers |
47-2041 | Total employment | TE1000 | Demand change - share decreases as other floor coverings replace carpet. |
Floor layers, except carpet, wood, and hard tiles |
47-2042 | Total employment | TE1000 | Demand change - share increases as more consumers choose resilient floor coverings. |
Tile and stone setters |
47-2044 | Total employment | TE1000 | Demand change - share increases as tile and natural stone continue to gain share in overall flooring market sales. |
Cement masons and concrete finishers |
47-2051 | Total employment | TE1000 | Sourcing change - share decreases as more precast and prefabricated concrete products are installed and fewer workers are needed onsite to build forms and pour concrete. |
Cement masons and concrete finishers |
47-2051 | Nonresidential building construction | 236200 | Sourcing change - share decreases as more precast and prefabricated concrete products are installed and fewer workers are needed onsite to build forms and pour concrete. |
Cement masons and concrete finishers |
47-2051 | Poured concrete foundation and structure contractors | 238110 | Sourcing change - share decreases as more precast and prefabricated concrete products are installed. |
Cement masons and concrete finishers |
47-2051 | Other specialty trade contractors | 238900 | Sourcing change, demand change - share decreases as more precast and prefabricated concrete products are installed which is partially offset by the increased demand for polished concrete. |
Cement masons and concrete finishers |
47-2051 | Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing | 327000 | Sourcing change - share increases as more precast and prefabricated concrete products are built off-site to be installed on-site by other workers. |
Construction laborers |
47-2061 | Residential building construction | 236100 | Demand change - share increases as construction laborers perform more tasks on construction sites related to the installation of prefabricated components. |
Construction laborers |
47-2061 | Nonresidential building construction | 236200 | Demand change - share increases as construction laborers perform more tasks on construction sites related to the installation of prefabricated components. |
Construction laborers |
47-2061 | Highway, street, and bridge construction | 237300 | Demand change - share increases as more laborers will be needed for road and bridge repair work. |
Construction laborers |
47-2061 | Masonry contractors | 238140 | Demand change - share increases as construction laborers perform more tasks on construction sites related to the installation of prefabricated components. |
Construction laborers |
47-2061 | Electrical contractors and other wiring installation contractors | 238210 | Demand change - share increases as an expanding electric vehicle (EV) charging network will increase the need for construction laborers for site preparation work prior to the installation of charging equipment. |
Construction laborers |
47-2061 | Other specialty trade contractors | 238900 | Demand change - share increases as construction laborers perform more tasks on construction sites related to the installation of prefabricated components. |
Tapers |
47-2082 | Residential building construction | 236100 | Productivity change - share decreases as continuous flow equipment speeds up the taping and finishing process. |
Tapers |
47-2082 | Nonresidential building construction | 236200 | Productivity change - share decreases as continuous flow equipment speeds up the taping and finishing process. |
Tapers |
47-2082 | Drywall and insulation contractors | 238310 | Productivity change - share decreases as continuous flow equipment speeds up the taping and finishing process. |
Tapers |
47-2082 | Painting and wall covering contractors | 238320 | Productivity change - share decreases as continuous flow equipment speeds up the taping and finishing process. |
Electricians |
47-2111 | Residential building construction | 236100 | Demand change - share increases as demand for wind and solar installations will increase the need for electricians to connect the electrical generation sources to the electrical grid. |
Electricians |
47-2111 | Nonresidential building construction | 236200 | Demand change - share increases as demand for wind and solar installations will increase the need for electricians to connect the electrical generation sources to the electrical grid. |
Electricians |
47-2111 | Power and communication line and related structures construction | 237130 | Demand change - share increases as demand for wind and solar installations will increase the need for electricians to connect the electrical generation sources to the electrical grid. |
Electricians |
47-2111 | Electrical contractors and other wiring installation contractors | 238210 | Demand change - share increases as growing demand for wind and solar installations, wiring for device connectivity, and electric vehicle (EV) charging will increase the need for electricians to connect the electrical generation sources to the electrical grid. |
Electricians |
47-2111 | Plumbing, heating, and air-conditioning contractors | 238220 | Demand change - share increases as demand for wind and solar installations will increase the need for electricians to connect the electrical generation sources to the electrical grid. |
Electricians |
47-2111 | Other specialty trade contractors | 238900 | Demand change - share increases as demand for wind and solar installations will increase the need for electricians to connect the electrical generation sources to the electrical grid. |
Reinforcing iron and rebar workers |
47-2171 | Highway, street, and bridge construction | 237300 | Capital/labor substitution - share decreases as new equipment is used to place and tie rebar replacing workers. |
Sheet metal workers |
47-2211 | Plumbing, heating, and air-conditioning contractors | 238220 | Sourcing change - share decreases as the use of prefabricated duct systems will reduce the need for sheet metal workers on residential construction sites. |
Structural iron and steel workers |
47-2221 | Highway, street, and bridge construction | 237300 | Demand change - share increases as infrastructure spending increases to repair deficient bridges. |
Structural iron and steel workers |
47-2221 | Other specialty trade contractors | 238900 | Demand change - share increases as infrastructure spending increases to repair deficient bridges. |
Solar photovoltaic installers |
47-2231 | Solar electric power generation | 221114 | Demand change - share increases as there are a growing number of utility sized solar operations which will need some panel replacement as they age or suffer damage due to weather. PV Installers will be needed to replace the defective modules. |
Solar photovoltaic installers |
47-2231 | Electrical contractors and other wiring installation contractors | 238210 | Demand change - share increases as the large number of private and government-led initiatives create demand for new solar panels installations. |
Solar photovoltaic installers |
47-2231 | Plumbing, heating, and air-conditioning contractors | 238220 | Demand change - share increases as the large number of private and government-led initiatives create demand for new solar panels installations. |
Helpers--brickmasons, blockmasons, stonemasons, and tile and marble setters |
47-3011 | Masonry contractors | 238140 | Sourcing change - share decreases as the increasing use of offsite manufactured prefabricated panels instead of onsite smaller bricks reduces the number of these helpers needed onsite to install. |
Helpers--brickmasons, blockmasons, stonemasons, and tile and marble setters |
47-3011 | Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing | 327000 | Sourcing change - share increases as more brick veneer work is prepared offsite and panels are shipped from factories. |
Helpers--carpenters |
47-3012 | Residential building construction | 236100 | Demand change - share decreases as the use of prefabricated materials replaces onsite carpenter and carpenters helpers assembly. |
Helpers--carpenters |
47-3012 | Nonresidential building construction | 236200 | Demand change - share decreases as the use of prefabricated materials replaces onsite carpenter and carpenters helpers assembly. |
Construction and building inspectors |
47-4011 | Total employment | TE1000 | Productivity change - share decreases as more remote inspection technology is used. |
Construction and building inspectors |
47-4011 | State government, excluding education and hospitals | 999200 | Productivity change - share decreases as more localities use remote inspection technology. |
Construction and building inspectors |
47-4011 | Local government, excluding education and hospitals | 999300 | Productivity change - share decreases as more localities use remote inspection technology. |
Hazardous materials removal workers |
47-4041 | Waste treatment and disposal | 562200 | Demand change - share decreases as less money is budgeted for hazardous material remediation activities as compared to recycling collection. |
Hazardous materials removal workers |
47-4041 | Remediation and other waste management services | 562900 | Demand change - share decreases as less money is budgeted for hazardous material remediation activities as compared to recycling collection. |
Derrick operators, oil and gas |
47-5011 | Support activities for mining | 213000 | Productivity change - share decreases as advancements in automated well drilling boosts labor productivity and reduces the number of derrick operators required in oil and gas drilling. |
Rotary drill operators, oil and gas |
47-5012 | Support activities for mining | 213000 | Productivity change - share decreases as advancements in automated well drilling boosts labor productivity and reduces the number of rotatory drill operators required in oil and gas drilling. |
Service unit operators, oil and gas |
47-5013 | Support activities for mining | 213000 | Productivity change - share decreases as technological advancements in robotics, automation, and digital solutions boost labor productivity in oil and gas operations. |
Excavating and loading machine and dragline operators, surface mining |
47-5022 | Coal mining | 212100 | Productivity change - share decreases as the industry adopts semi-autonomous construction equipment. |
Excavating and loading machine and dragline operators, surface mining |
47-5022 | Nonmetallic mineral mining and quarrying | 212300 | Productivity change - share decreases as the industry adopts semi-autonomous construction equipment. |
Earth drillers, except oil and gas |
47-5023 | Coal mining | 212100 | Productivity change - share decreases as automated drilling equipment is used to increase accuracy and safety in coal mining. |
Earth drillers, except oil and gas |
47-5023 | Metal ore mining | 212200 | Productivity change - share decreases as automation of some drilling activities increases the productivity of earth drillers in metal mining operations. |
Earth drillers, except oil and gas |
47-5023 | Nonmetallic mineral mining and quarrying | 212300 | Productivity change - share decreases as automated drilling equipment is used to increase accuracy and safety in mining. |
Earth drillers, except oil and gas |
47-5023 | Support activities for mining | 213000 | Productivity change - share decreases as automated drilling equipment is used to increase accuracy and safety in mining. |
Explosives workers, ordnance handling experts, and blasters |
47-5032 | Coal mining | 212100 | Productivity change - share decreases as automation of some blasting activities increases the productivity of explosives workers in mining operations. |
Explosives workers, ordnance handling experts, and blasters |
47-5032 | Metal ore mining | 212200 | Productivity change - share decreases as automation of some blasting activities increases the productivity of explosives workers in mining operations. |
Explosives workers, ordnance handling experts, and blasters |
47-5032 | Nonmetallic mineral mining and quarrying | 212300 | Productivity change - share decreases as automation of some blasting activities increases the productivity of explosives workers in mining operations. |
Explosives workers, ordnance handling experts, and blasters |
47-5032 | Support activities for mining | 213000 | Productivity change - share decreases as automation of some blasting activities increases the productivity of explosives workers in mining operations. |
Roof bolters, mining |
47-5043 | Coal mining | 212100 | Demand change - share decreases as the industry increasingly prefers surface mining over underground mining. |
Loading and moving machine operators, underground mining |
47-5044 | Coal mining | 212100 | Capital/labor substitution - share decreases as the industry adopts autonomous vehicles. |
Underground mining machine operators, all other |
47-5049 | Coal mining | 212100 | Demand change - share decreases as the industry increasingly prefers surface mining over underground mining. |
First-line supervisors of mechanics, installers, and repairers |
49-1011 | Other automotive repair and maintenance | 811190 | Demand change - share decreases as newer vehicles require less frequent oil and lubrication servicing and are built more reliably, reducing demand for other vehicle maintenance and repair services. An expected greater share of hybrid vehicles and electric vehicles (EVs) on the road is also expected to reduce demand for some repair and maintenance services. |
Computer, automated teller, and office machine repairers |
49-2011 | Professional and commercial equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers | 423400 | Demand change - share decreases as consumers use less cash for daily transactions, which leads to need for fewer ATM machines, and fewer ATM repairers. |
Computer, automated teller, and office machine repairers |
49-2011 | Electronic and precision equipment repair and maintenance | 811200 | Demand change - share decreases as computer manufacturer proprietary repair policies drive independent repair shops to close, and thus increase the cost of repairing relative to replacing computers. |
Radio, cellular, and tower equipment installers and repairers |
49-2021 | Power and communication line and related structures construction | 237130 | Demand change - share increases as innovative deployment of 5G smart technology requires extensive upgrades to existing and new telecommunications infrastructure, such as installing small cells, and replacing or repairing towers, antennas or auxiliary equipment. |
Radio, cellular, and tower equipment installers and repairers |
49-2021 | Electrical contractors and other wiring installation contractors | 238210 | Demand change - share increases as innovative deployment of 5G smart technology requires massive installations of fiber optic cable, small cells, and new routers in businesses and homes. |
Radio, cellular, and tower equipment installers and repairers |
49-2021 | Telecommunications | 517000 | Demand change - share increases as innovative deployment of 5G smart technology requires extensive upgrades to existing and new telecommunications infrastructure, such as installing small cells, and replacing or repairing towers, antennas or auxiliary equipment. |
Avionics technicians |
49-2091 | Aerospace product and parts manufacturing | 336400 | Demand change - share increases as growing commercial space activity increases the demand for avionics technicians to test, troubleshoot, and maintain the complex electronic systems used on spacecraft systems. |
Electrical and electronics installers and repairers, transportation equipment |
49-2093 | Ship and boat building | 336600 | Demand change - share increases as shipbuilders need installers and repairers to support the Internet of Things (IoT), 5G networks, and Artificial Intelligence (AI) capabilities on ships. |
Electrical and electronics installers and repairers, transportation equipment |
49-2093 | Rail transportation | 482000 | Demand change - share increases as rail transportation operators need installers and repairers to support the Internet of Things (IoT), 5G networks, and Artificial Intelligence (AI) capabilities on trains and rail infrastructure. |
Electrical and electronics installers and repairers, transportation equipment |
49-2093 | Local government, excluding education and hospitals | 999300 | Demand change - share increases as local governments need installers and repairers to support the Internet of Things (IoT), 5G networks, and Artificial Intelligence (AI) capabilities on public bus and rail services. |
Electrical and electronics repairers, commercial and industrial equipment |
49-2094 | Total employment | TE1000 | Demand change - share decreases as technology such as remote sensors and cloud connectivity replace hard wired systems, reducing the need for electrical repairs. |
Electronic equipment installers and repairers, motor vehicles |
49-2096 | Merchant wholesalers, durable goods (4232,3,5,6,7,9) | 4230A1 | Demand change - share decreases as electronic features are expected to grow increasingly proprietary and standardized across vehicle manufacturers' offerings. This may reduce the need for added equipment installation as well as diminish demand for repair services because of lack of compatibility of replacement components across a variety of factory systems. |
Electronic equipment installers and repairers, motor vehicles |
49-2096 | Automotive parts, accessories, and tire retailers | 441300 | Demand change - share decreases as electronic features are expected to grow increasingly proprietary and standardized across vehicle manufacturers' offerings. This may lead to diminished demand for repair services because of lack of compatibility of replacement components across a variety of factory systems. |
Electronic equipment installers and repairers, motor vehicles |
49-2096 | Electronics and appliance retailers | 449200 | Demand change - share decreases as electronic features are expected to grow increasingly proprietary and standardized across vehicle manufacturers' offerings. This may reduce the need for added equipment installation as well as diminish demand for repair services because of lack of compatibility of replacement components across a variety of factory systems. |
Electronic equipment installers and repairers, motor vehicles |
49-2096 | Automotive mechanical and electrical repair and maintenance | 811110 | Demand change - share decreases as electronic features are expected to grow increasingly proprietary across vehicle manufacturers' offerings. This may lead to diminished demand for repair services because of lack of compatibility of replacement components across a variety of factory systems. |
Electronic equipment installers and repairers, motor vehicles |
49-2096 | Electronic and precision equipment repair and maintenance | 811200 | Demand change - share decreases as electronic features are expected to grow increasingly proprietary across vehicle manufacturers' offerings. This may lead to diminished demand for repair services because of lack of compatibility of replacement components across a variety of factory systems. |
Audiovisual equipment installers and repairers |
49-2097 | Electrical contractors and other wiring installation contractors | 238210 | Demand change - share increases as expected growth in consumer spending on home entertainment equipment and business spending on audiovisual equipment to facilitate hybrid and virtual work increase demand for the installation of audiovisual equipment. |
Audiovisual equipment installers and repairers |
49-2097 | Merchant wholesalers, durable goods (4232,3,5,6,7,9) | 4230A1 | Demand change - share increases as expected growth in consumer spending on home entertainment equipment and business spending on audiovisual equipment to facilitate hybrid and virtual work increase demand for the installation and repair of audiovisual equipment. |
Audiovisual equipment installers and repairers |
49-2097 | Electronics and appliance retailers | 449200 | Demand change - share increases as expected growth in consumer spending on home entertainment equipment increases demand for the installation of audiovisual equipment. |
Aircraft mechanics and service technicians |
49-3011 | Ambulance services | 621910 | Demand change - share increases as demand for air ambulance services grows, increasing the need for aircraft mechanics and service technicians to maintain and repair the air ambulance fleet. |
Automotive body and related repairers |
49-3021 | Automobile dealers | 441100 | Sourcing change - share decreases as dealerships have difficulty competing with automotive body repair shops and their lower costs. |
Automotive service technicians and mechanics |
49-3023 | Motor vehicle and motor vehicle parts and supplies merchant wholesalers | 423100 | Demand change - share increases as the increasing complexity of vehicle technology, engines and other parts, requires the knowledge of automotive service technicians and mechanics to provide assistance and services to wholesale customers. |
Automotive service technicians and mechanics |
49-3023 | Automobile dealers | 441100 | Demand change - share increases as automobile dealers continue to offer more vehicle repair and maintenance services and drivers increasingly prefer to take their vehicle to a dealer for servicing. |
Automotive service technicians and mechanics |
49-3023 | Postal service | 491000 | Demand change - share decreases as a new fleet of mail delivery trucks will not require the same amount of maintenance as the existing fleet which was manufactured years ago. |
Bus and truck mechanics and diesel engine specialists |
49-3031 | Urban transit systems | 485100 | Demand change - share decreases as adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) increases and the total number of diesel engines decreases, which require less maintenance than internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles. |
Bus and truck mechanics and diesel engine specialists |
49-3031 | School and employee bus transportation | 485400 | Demand change - share decreases as adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) increases and the total number of diesel engines decreases, which require less maintenance than internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles. |
Bus and truck mechanics and diesel engine specialists |
49-3031 | Charter bus industry | 485500 | Demand change - share decreases as adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) increases and the total number of diesel engines decreases, which require less maintenance than internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles. |
Bus and truck mechanics and diesel engine specialists |
49-3031 | Scenic and sightseeing transportation, land | 487100 | Demand change - share decreases as adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) increases and the total number of diesel engines decreases, which require less maintenance than internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles. |
Bus and truck mechanics and diesel engine specialists |
49-3031 | Waste collection | 562100 | Demand change - share decreases as adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) increases and the total number of diesel engines decreases, which require less maintenance than internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles. |
Bus and truck mechanics and diesel engine specialists |
49-3031 | Elementary and secondary schools; local | 61110L | Demand change - share decreases as adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) increases and the total number of diesel engines decreases, which require less maintenance than internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles. |
Bus and truck mechanics and diesel engine specialists |
49-3031 | State government, excluding education and hospitals | 999200 | Demand change - share decreases as adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) increases and the total number of diesel engines decreases, which require less maintenance than internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles. |
Bus and truck mechanics and diesel engine specialists |
49-3031 | Local government, excluding education and hospitals | 999300 | Demand change - share decreases as adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) increases and the total number of diesel engines decreases, which require less maintenance than internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles. |
Farm equipment mechanics and service technicians |
49-3041 | Crop production | 111000 | Demand change - share increases as the transition to smart farm equipment requires more specialized technicians to both service the more complex machines and train new users. |
Farm equipment mechanics and service technicians |
49-3041 | Farm and garden machinery and equipment merchant wholesalers | 423820 | Demand change - share increases as the transition to smart farm equipment requires more specialized technicians to both service the more complex machines and train new users. |
Mobile heavy equipment mechanics, except engines |
49-3042 | Nonmetallic mineral mining and quarrying | 212300 | Demand change- share increases as mining companies continue to adopt new machinery and semi-autonomous equipment, increasing demand for mechanics. |
Rail car repairers |
49-3043 | Local government, excluding education and hospitals | 999300 | Demand change - share increases as public transit agencies prioritize bringing their rail assets, including rail vehicles, to a state of good repair, resulting in increased demand for rail car repairers. |
Motorboat mechanics and service technicians |
49-3051 | Other motor vehicle dealers | 441200 | Demand change - share increases as consumer demand for recreational boating and technological improvements that make boats more affordable and user-friendly are expected to increase boat ownership and rental services, driving demand for boat servicing and repair. |
Motorboat mechanics and service technicians |
49-3051 | Personal and household goods repair and maintenance | 811400 | Demand change - share increases as consumer demand for recreational boating and technological improvements that make boats more affordable and user-friendly are expected to increase boat ownership and rental services, driving demand for boat servicing and repair. |
Outdoor power equipment and other small engine mechanics |
49-3053 | Lawn and garden equipment and supplies retailers | 444200 | Demand change - share decreases as growth in electric and battery-powered outdoor power equipment will reduce the need for routine maintenance services and part replacement. |
Recreational vehicle service technicians |
49-3092 | Other motor vehicle dealers | 441200 | Demand change - share increases as recreational vehicle (RV) ownership and usage increase, leading to higher demand for RV maintenance and repair services. |
Tire repairers and changers |
49-3093 | Automotive parts, accessories, and tire retailers | 441300 | Demand change - share increases as higher adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) is expected to drive demand for automotive tire services as EVs require more frequent tire replacement than internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles. |
Tire repairers and changers |
49-3093 | Gasoline stations | 457100 | Demand change - share decreases as gasoline stations continue to reduce their automotive service offerings. |
Tire repairers and changers |
49-3093 | Automotive mechanical and electrical repair and maintenance | 811110 | Demand change - share increases as higher adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) is expected to drive demand for automotive tire services as EVs require more frequent tire replacement than internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles. |
Tire repairers and changers |
49-3093 | Other automotive repair and maintenance | 811190 | Demand change - share increases as higher adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) is expected to drive demand for automotive tire services as EVs require more frequent tire replacement than internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles. |
Mechanical door repairers |
49-9011 | Other building equipment contractors | 238290 | Demand change - share increases as improved technology for doors, such as new fire-rated doors and wireless control access, require additional mechanical door repairers. |
Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics and installers |
49-9021 | Plumbing, heating, and air-conditioning contractors | 238220 | Demand change - share increases as demand for energy efficient heating and cooling systems continues to grow. |
Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics and installers |
49-9021 | Merchant wholesalers, durable goods (4232,3,5,6,7,9) | 4230A1 | Demand change - share increases as demand for energy efficient heating and cooling systems continues to grow. |
Industrial machinery mechanics |
49-9041 | Coal mining | 212100 | Demand change - share increases as mining companies continue to adopt new machinery, increasing demand for mechanics. |
Industrial machinery mechanics |
49-9041 | Metal ore mining | 212200 | Demand change - share increases as mining companies continue to adopt new machinery, increasing demand for mechanics. |
Industrial machinery mechanics |
49-9041 | Nonmetallic mineral mining and quarrying | 212300 | Demand change - share increases as mining companies continue to adopt new machinery, increasing demand for mechanics. |
Industrial machinery mechanics |
49-9041 | Animal food manufacturing | 311100 | Demand change - share increases as manufacturing automation increases requiring more maintenance and repair. |
Industrial machinery mechanics |
49-9041 | Sugar and confectionery product manufacturing | 311300 | Demand change - share increases as automation in manufacturing will increase demand for these workers. |
Industrial machinery mechanics |
49-9041 | Fruit and vegetable preserving and specialty food manufacturing | 311400 | Demand change - share increases as automation in manufacturing will increase demand for these workers. |
Industrial machinery mechanics |
49-9041 | Dairy product manufacturing | 311500 | Demand change - share increases as automation in manufacturing will increase demand for these workers. |
Industrial machinery mechanics |
49-9041 | Animal slaughtering and processing | 311600 | Demand change - share increases as automation in manufacturing will increase demand for these workers. |
Industrial machinery mechanics |
49-9041 | Bakeries and tortilla manufacturing | 311800 | Demand change - share increases as automation in manufacturing will increase demand for these workers. |
Industrial machinery mechanics |
49-9041 | Other food manufacturing | 311900 | Demand change - share increases as automation in manufacturing will increase demand for these workers. |
Industrial machinery mechanics |
49-9041 | Beverage manufacturing | 312100 | Demand change - share increases as automation in manufacturing will increase demand for these workers. |
Industrial machinery mechanics |
49-9041 | Tobacco manufacturing | 312200 | Demand change - share increases as automation in manufacturing will increase demand for these workers. |
Industrial machinery mechanics |
49-9041 | Textile mills | 313000 | Demand change - share increases as automation in textile manufacturing will increase demand for these workers to repair the equipment. |
Industrial machinery mechanics |
49-9041 | Textile product mills | 314000 | Demand change - share increases as automation in textile manufacturing will increase demand for these workers. |
Industrial machinery mechanics |
49-9041 | Apparel manufacturing | 315000 | Demand change - share increases as automation in manufacturing will increase demand for these workers. |
Industrial machinery mechanics |
49-9041 | Veneer, plywood, and engineered wood product manufacturing | 321200 | Demand change - share increases as automation in manufacturing will increase demand for these workers. |
Industrial machinery mechanics |
49-9041 | Other wood product manufacturing | 321900 | Demand change - share increases as automation in manufacturing will increase demand for these workers. |
Industrial machinery mechanics |
49-9041 | Pulp, paper, and paperboard mills | 322100 | Demand change - share increases as automation in manufacturing will increase demand for these workers. |
Industrial machinery mechanics |
49-9041 | Converted paper product manufacturing | 322200 | Demand change - share increases as automation in manufacturing will increase demand for these workers. |
Industrial machinery mechanics |
49-9041 | Petroleum and coal products manufacturing | 324000 | Demand change - share increases as automation in manufacturing will increase demand for these workers. |
Industrial machinery mechanics |
49-9041 | Pharmaceutical and medicine manufacturing | 325400 | Demand change - share increases as automation in manufacturing will increase demand for these workers. |
Industrial machinery mechanics |
49-9041 | Chemical manufacturing (3255,6) | 3250A2 | Demand change - share increases as automation in manufacturing will increase demand for these workers. |
Industrial machinery mechanics |
49-9041 | Chemical manufacturing (3251,2,3,9) | 3250A1 | Demand change - share increases as automation in manufacturing will increase demand for these workers. |
Industrial machinery mechanics |
49-9041 | Plastics product manufacturing | 326100 | Demand change - share increases as automation in manufacturing will increase demand for these workers. |
Industrial machinery mechanics |
49-9041 | Rubber product manufacturing | 326200 | Demand change - share increases as automation in manufacturing will increase demand for these workers. |
Industrial machinery mechanics |
49-9041 | Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing | 327000 | Demand change - share increases as automation in manufacturing will increase demand for these workers. |
Industrial machinery mechanics |
49-9041 | Iron and steel mills and ferroalloy manufacturing | 331100 | Demand change - share increases as automation in manufacturing will increase demand for these workers. |
Industrial machinery mechanics |
49-9041 | Fabricated metal product manufacturing (3323,4) | 3320A2 | Demand change - share increases as automation in manufacturing will increase demand for these workers. |
Industrial machinery mechanics |
49-9041 | Turned product and screw, nut, and bolt manufacturing | 332720 | Demand change - share increases as automation in manufacturing will increase demand for these workers. |
Industrial machinery mechanics |
49-9041 | Fabricated metal product manufacturing (3321,2,5,6,9) | 3320A1 | Demand change - share increases as automation in manufacturing will increase demand for these workers. |
Industrial machinery mechanics |
49-9041 | Commercial and service industry machinery manufacturing | 333300 | Demand change - share increases as automation in manufacturing will increase demand for these workers. |
Industrial machinery mechanics |
49-9041 | Metalworking machinery manufacturing | 333500 | Demand change - share increases as automation in manufacturing will increase demand for these workers. |
Industrial machinery mechanics |
49-9041 | Engine, turbine, and power transmission equipment manufacturing | 333600 | Demand change - share increases as automation in manufacturing will increase demand for these workers. |
Industrial machinery mechanics |
49-9041 | Machinery manufacturing (3331,2,4,9) | 3330A1 | Demand change - share increases as automation in manufacturing will increase demand for these workers. |
Industrial machinery mechanics |
49-9041 | Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing | 334400 | Demand change - share increases as automation in manufacturing will increase demand for these workers. |
Industrial machinery mechanics |
49-9041 | Navigational, measuring, electromedical, and control instruments manufacturing | 334500 | Demand change - share increases as automation in manufacturing will increase demand for these workers. |
Industrial machinery mechanics |
49-9041 | Electric lighting equipment manufacturing | 335100 | Demand change - share increases as automation in manufacturing will increase demand for these workers. |
Industrial machinery mechanics |
49-9041 | Household appliance manufacturing | 335200 | Demand change - share increases as automation in manufacturing will increase demand for these workers. |
Industrial machinery mechanics |
49-9041 | Electrical equipment manufacturing | 335300 | Demand change - share increases as automation in manufacturing will increase demand for these workers. |
Industrial machinery mechanics |
49-9041 | Other electrical equipment and component manufacturing | 335900 | Demand change - share increases as automation in manufacturing will increase demand for these workers. |
Industrial machinery mechanics |
49-9041 | Motor vehicle manufacturing | 336100 | Demand change - share increases as automation in manufacturing will increase demand for these workers. |
Industrial machinery mechanics |
49-9041 | Motor vehicle body and trailer manufacturing | 336200 | Demand change - share increases as automation in manufacturing will increase demand for these workers. |
Industrial machinery mechanics |
49-9041 | Motor vehicle parts manufacturing | 336300 | Demand change - share increases as automation in manufacturing will increase demand for these workers. |
Industrial machinery mechanics |
49-9041 | Aerospace product and parts manufacturing | 336400 | Demand change - share increases as automation in manufacturing will increase demand for these workers. |
Industrial machinery mechanics |
49-9041 | Medical equipment and supplies manufacturing | 339100 | Demand change - share increases as automation in manufacturing will increase demand for these workers. |
Industrial machinery mechanics |
49-9041 | Commercial and industrial machinery and equipment (except automotive and electronic) repair and maintenance | 811300 | Demand change - share increases as the increased automation leads to more equipment which needs to be maintained and repaired. |
Maintenance workers, machinery |
49-9043 | Animal food manufacturing | 311100 | Demand change - share increases as increased automation in manufacturing increases demand for these workers to do maintenance and repairs. |
Maintenance workers, machinery |
49-9043 | Sugar and confectionery product manufacturing | 311300 | Demand change - share increases as increased automation in manufacturing increases demand for these workers to do maintenance and repairs. |
Maintenance workers, machinery |
49-9043 | Fruit and vegetable preserving and specialty food manufacturing | 311400 | Demand change - share increases as increased automation in manufacturing increases demand for these workers to do maintenance and repairs. |
Maintenance workers, machinery |
49-9043 | Dairy product manufacturing | 311500 | Demand change - share increases as increased automation in manufacturing increases demand for these workers to do maintenance and repairs. |
Maintenance workers, machinery |
49-9043 | Animal slaughtering and processing | 311600 | Demand change - share increases as increased automation in manufacturing increases demand for these workers to do maintenance and repairs. |
Maintenance workers, machinery |
49-9043 | Bakeries and tortilla manufacturing | 311800 | Demand change - share increases as increased automation in manufacturing increases demand for these workers to do maintenance and repairs. |
Maintenance workers, machinery |
49-9043 | Other food manufacturing | 311900 | Demand change - share increases as increased automation in manufacturing increases demand for these workers to do maintenance and repairs. |
Maintenance workers, machinery |
49-9043 | Beverage manufacturing | 312100 | Demand change - share increases as increased automation in manufacturing increases demand for these workers to do maintenance and repairs. |
Maintenance workers, machinery |
49-9043 | Apparel manufacturing | 315000 | Demand change - share increases as increased automation in manufacturing increases demand for these workers to do maintenance and repairs. |
Maintenance workers, machinery |
49-9043 | Other wood product manufacturing | 321900 | Demand change - share increases as increased automation in manufacturing increases demand for these workers to do maintenance and repairs. |
Maintenance workers, machinery |
49-9043 | Pulp, paper, and paperboard mills | 322100 | Demand change - share increases as increased automation in manufacturing increases demand for these workers to do maintenance and repairs. |
Maintenance workers, machinery |
49-9043 | Converted paper product manufacturing | 322200 | Demand change - share increases as increased automation in manufacturing increases demand for these workers to do maintenance and repairs. |
Maintenance workers, machinery |
49-9043 | Petroleum and coal products manufacturing | 324000 | Demand change - share increases as increased automation in manufacturing increases demand for these workers to do maintenance and repairs. |
Maintenance workers, machinery |
49-9043 | Pharmaceutical and medicine manufacturing | 325400 | Demand change - share increases as increased automation in manufacturing increases demand for these workers to do maintenance and repairs. |
Maintenance workers, machinery |
49-9043 | Chemical manufacturing (3255,6) | 3250A2 | Demand change - share increases as increased automation in manufacturing increases demand for these workers to do maintenance and repairs. |
Maintenance workers, machinery |
49-9043 | Chemical manufacturing (3251,2,3,9) | 3250A1 | Demand change - share increases as increased automation in manufacturing increases demand for these workers to do maintenance and repairs. |
Maintenance workers, machinery |
49-9043 | Plastics product manufacturing | 326100 | Demand change - share increases as increased automation in manufacturing increases demand for these workers to do maintenance and repairs. |
Maintenance workers, machinery |
49-9043 | Rubber product manufacturing | 326200 | Demand change - share increases as increased automation in manufacturing increases demand for these workers to do maintenance and repairs. |
Maintenance workers, machinery |
49-9043 | Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing | 327000 | Demand change - share increases as increased automation in manufacturing increases demand for these workers to do maintenance and repairs. |
Maintenance workers, machinery |
49-9043 | Iron and steel mills and ferroalloy manufacturing | 331100 | Demand change - share increases as increased automation in manufacturing increases demand for these workers to do maintenance and repairs. |
Maintenance workers, machinery |
49-9043 | Fabricated metal product manufacturing (3323,4) | 3320A2 | Demand change - share increases as increased automation in manufacturing increases demand for these workers to do maintenance and repairs. |
Maintenance workers, machinery |
49-9043 | Fabricated metal product manufacturing (3321,2,5,6,9) | 3320A1 | Demand change - share increases as increased automation in manufacturing increases demand for these workers to do maintenance and repairs. |
Maintenance workers, machinery |
49-9043 | Commercial and service industry machinery manufacturing | 333300 | Demand change - share increases as increased automation in manufacturing increases demand for these workers to do maintenance and repairs. |
Maintenance workers, machinery |
49-9043 | Metalworking machinery manufacturing | 333500 | Demand change - share increases as increased automation in manufacturing increases demand for these workers to do maintenance and repairs. |
Maintenance workers, machinery |
49-9043 | Engine, turbine, and power transmission equipment manufacturing | 333600 | Demand change - share increases as increased automation in manufacturing increases demand for these workers to do maintenance and repairs. |
Maintenance workers, machinery |
49-9043 | Machinery manufacturing (3331,2,4,9) | 3330A1 | Demand change - share increases as increased automation in manufacturing increases demand for these workers to do maintenance and repairs. |
Maintenance workers, machinery |
49-9043 | Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing | 334400 | Demand change - share increases as increased automation in manufacturing increases demand for these workers to do maintenance and repairs. |
Maintenance workers, machinery |
49-9043 | Electric lighting equipment manufacturing | 335100 | Demand change - share increases as increased automation in manufacturing increases demand for these workers to do maintenance and repairs. |
Maintenance workers, machinery |
49-9043 | Household appliance manufacturing | 335200 | Demand change - share increases as increased automation in manufacturing increases demand for these workers to do maintenance and repairs. |
Maintenance workers, machinery |
49-9043 | Electrical equipment manufacturing | 335300 | Demand change - share increases as increased automation in manufacturing increases demand for these workers to do maintenance and repairs. |
Maintenance workers, machinery |
49-9043 | Other electrical equipment and component manufacturing | 335900 | Demand change - share increases as increased automation in manufacturing increases demand for these workers to do maintenance and repairs. |
Maintenance workers, machinery |
49-9043 | Motor vehicle manufacturing | 336100 | Demand change - share increases as increased automation in manufacturing increases demand for these workers to do maintenance and repairs. |
Maintenance workers, machinery |
49-9043 | Motor vehicle parts manufacturing | 336300 | Demand change - share increases as increased automation in manufacturing increases demand for these workers to do maintenance and repairs. |
Maintenance workers, machinery |
49-9043 | Aerospace product and parts manufacturing | 336400 | Demand change - share increases as increased automation in manufacturing increases demand for these workers to do maintenance and repairs. |
Maintenance workers, machinery |
49-9043 | Medical equipment and supplies manufacturing | 339100 | Demand change - share increases as increased automation in manufacturing increases demand for these workers to do maintenance and repairs. |
Millwrights |
49-9044 | Veneer, plywood, and engineered wood product manufacturing | 321200 | Demand change - share increases as automation in manufacturing increases demand for these workers to repair and service equipment. |
Millwrights |
49-9044 | Other wood product manufacturing | 321900 | Demand change - share increases as automation in manufacturing increases demand for these workers to repair and service equipment. |
Millwrights |
49-9044 | Pulp, paper, and paperboard mills | 322100 | Demand change - share increases as automation in manufacturing increases demand for these workers to repair and service equipment. |
Millwrights |
49-9044 | Converted paper product manufacturing | 322200 | Demand change - share increases as automation in manufacturing increases demand for these workers to repair and service equipment. |
Millwrights |
49-9044 | Petroleum and coal products manufacturing | 324000 | Demand change - share increases as automation in manufacturing increases demand for these workers to repair and service equipment. |
Millwrights |
49-9044 | Chemical manufacturing (3255,6) | 3250A2 | Demand change - share increases as automation in manufacturing increases demand for these workers to repair and service equipment. |
Millwrights |
49-9044 | Chemical manufacturing (3251,2,3,9) | 3250A1 | Demand change - share increases as automation in manufacturing increases demand for these workers to repair and service equipment. |
Millwrights |
49-9044 | Plastics product manufacturing | 326100 | Demand change - share increases as automation in manufacturing increases demand for these workers to repair and service equipment. |
Millwrights |
49-9044 | Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing | 327000 | Demand change - share increases as automation in manufacturing increases demand for these workers to repair and service equipment. |
Millwrights |
49-9044 | Iron and steel mills and ferroalloy manufacturing | 331100 | Demand change - share increases as automation in manufacturing increases demand for these workers to repair and service equipment. |
Millwrights |
49-9044 | Steel product manufacturing from purchased steel | 331200 | Demand change - share increases as automation in manufacturing increases demand for these workers to repair and service equipment. |
Millwrights |
49-9044 | Alumina and aluminum production and processing | 331300 | Demand change - share increases as automation in manufacturing increases demand for these workers to repair and service equipment. |
Millwrights |
49-9044 | Fabricated metal product manufacturing (3323,4) | 3320A2 | Demand change - share increases as automation in manufacturing increases demand for these workers to repair and service equipment. |
Millwrights |
49-9044 | Turned product and screw, nut, and bolt manufacturing | 332720 | Demand change - share increases as automation in manufacturing increases demand for these workers to repair and service equipment. |
Millwrights |
49-9044 | Coating, engraving, heat treating, and allied activities | 332800 | Demand change - share increases as automation in manufacturing increases demand for these workers to repair and service equipment. |
Millwrights |
49-9044 | Fabricated metal product manufacturing (3321,2,5,6,9) | 3320A1 | Demand change - share increases as automation in manufacturing increases demand for these workers to repair and service equipment. |
Millwrights |
49-9044 | Commercial and service industry machinery manufacturing | 333300 | Demand change - share increases as automation in manufacturing increases demand for these workers to repair and service equipment. |
Millwrights |
49-9044 | Metalworking machinery manufacturing | 333500 | Demand change - share increases as automation in manufacturing increases demand for these workers to repair and service equipment. |
Millwrights |
49-9044 | Engine, turbine, and power transmission equipment manufacturing | 333600 | Demand change - share increases as automation in manufacturing increases demand for these workers to repair and service equipment. |
Millwrights |
49-9044 | Machinery manufacturing (3331,2,4,9) | 3330A1 | Demand change - share increases as automation in manufacturing increases demand for these workers to repair and service equipment. |
Millwrights |
49-9044 | Navigational, measuring, electromedical, and control instruments manufacturing | 334500 | Demand change - share increases as automation in manufacturing increases demand for these workers to repair and service equipment. |
Millwrights |
49-9044 | Household appliance manufacturing | 335200 | Demand change - share increases as automation in manufacturing increases demand for these workers to repair and service equipment. |
Millwrights |
49-9044 | Electrical equipment manufacturing | 335300 | Demand change - share increases as automation in manufacturing increases demand for these workers to repair and service equipment. |
Millwrights |
49-9044 | Motor vehicle manufacturing | 336100 | Demand change - share increases as automation in manufacturing increases demand for these workers to repair and service equipment. |
Millwrights |
49-9044 | Motor vehicle parts manufacturing | 336300 | Demand change - share increases as automation in manufacturing increases demand for these workers to repair and service equipment. |
Millwrights |
49-9044 | Aerospace product and parts manufacturing | 336400 | Demand change - share increases as automation in manufacturing increases demand for these workers to repair and service equipment. |
Millwrights |
49-9044 | Ship and boat building | 336600 | Demand change - share increases as automation in manufacturing increases demand for these workers to repair and service equipment. |
Millwrights |
49-9044 | Other transportation equipment manufacturing | 336900 | Demand change - share increases as automation in manufacturing increases demand for these workers to repair and service equipment. |
Millwrights |
49-9044 | Furniture and related product manufacturing (3371,2) | 3370A1 | Demand change - share increases as automation in manufacturing increases demand for these workers to repair and service equipment. |
Millwrights |
49-9044 | Medical equipment and supplies manufacturing | 339100 | Demand change - share increases as automation in manufacturing increases demand for these workers to repair and service equipment. |
Refractory materials repairers, except brickmasons |
49-9045 | Total employment | TE1000 | Demand change - share decreases as more metal products are 3D printed. |
Camera and photographic equipment repairers |
49-9061 | Total employment | TE1000 | Demand change - share decreases as fewer standalone cameras enter the market and as camera replacement becomes more cost-effective than camera repair. |
Medical equipment repairers |
49-9062 | Professional and commercial equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers | 423400 | Demand change - share increases as an aging population and advancements in medical equipment technology increase demand for the repair and maintenance services this occupation provides. |
Medical equipment repairers |
49-9062 | General medical and surgical hospitals; private | 62210P | Demand change - share increases as advancements in medical equipment technology increase demand for the repair and maintenance services this occupation provides. |
Medical equipment repairers |
49-9062 | Electronic and precision equipment repair and maintenance | 811200 | Demand change - share increases as an aging population and advancements in medical equipment technology increase demand for the repair and maintenance services this occupation provides. |
Wind turbine service technicians |
49-9081 | Wind electric power generation | 221115 | Demand change - share increases as wind electricity generation capacity continues to grow and age in the coming decade. Older equipment often needs additional maintenance. |
Wind turbine service technicians |
49-9081 | Power and communication line and related structures construction | 237130 | Demand change - share increases as wind electricity generation grows rapidly in the coming decade. |
Wind turbine service technicians |
49-9081 | Commercial and industrial machinery and equipment (except automotive and electronic) repair and maintenance | 811300 | Demand change - share increases as wind electricity generation grows rapidly in the coming decade. |
Coin, vending, and amusement machine servicers and repairers |
49-9091 | Gambling industries (except casino hotels) | 713200 | Demand change - share decreases as casinos continue replacing coin operated machines with electronic machines that dispense paper receipts. |
Coin, vending, and amusement machine servicers and repairers |
49-9091 | Casino hotels | 721120 | Demand change - share decreases as casinos continue replacing coin operated machines with electronic machines that dispense paper receipts. |
Commercial divers |
49-9092 | Other heavy and civil engineering construction | 237900 | Demand change, capital/labor substitution - share increases as commercial divers are needed to meet the needs for offshore wind farm construction, but the use of robots restrains the rate of growth. |
Locksmiths and safe repairers |
49-9094 | Total employment | TE1000 | Demand change - share decreases as new smart locks, apps on smart phones, key kiosks, and voice-activated locks reduce the need to hire a locksmith to open locks or create key copies. |
Locksmiths and safe repairers |
49-9094 | Security systems services | 561620 | Demand change - share decreases as new smart locks, apps on smart phones, key kiosks, and voice-activated locks reduce the need to hire a locksmith to open locks or create key copies. |
Manufactured building and mobile home installers |
49-9095 | Total employment | TE1000 | Demand change - share decreases as Dodd-Frank rules make it likely that loans for mobile home purchases will be characterized as high-risk, therefore increasing the costs to banks and customers of offering and securing these types of loans. Therefore, as access to financing and credit decreases and dries up, the demand for workers to install these types of homes will decrease. |
Aircraft structure, surfaces, rigging, and systems assemblers |
51-2011 | Total employment | TE1000 | Productivity change - share decreases as collaborative robotics increase efficiency, allowing more output to be produced with the same amount of labor. |
Aircraft structure, surfaces, rigging, and systems assemblers |
51-2011 | Aerospace product and parts manufacturing | 336400 | Productivity change - share decreases as collaborative robotics increase efficiency, allowing more output to be produced with the same amount of labor. |
Coil winders, tapers, and finishers |
51-2021 | Total employment | TE1000 | Productivity change - share decreases as collaborative robotics increase efficiency, allowing more output to be produced with the same amount of labor. |
Electrical, electronic, and electromechanical assemblers, except coil winders, tapers, and finishers |
51-2028 | Computer and peripheral equipment manufacturing | 334100 | Productivity change - share decreases as production automation and an increase in the use of robotics should increase efficiency and reduce labor requirements of electrical, electronic and electromechanical assemblers. |
Electrical, electronic, and electromechanical assemblers, except coil winders, tapers, and finishers |
51-2028 | Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing | 334400 | Productivity change - share decreases as production automation and an increase in the use of robotics is expected to increase efficiency and reduce labor requirements of electrical, electronic and electromechanical assemblers. |
Engine and other machine assemblers |
51-2031 | Total employment | TE1000 | Productivity change - share decreases as an expected increase in the use of collaborative robotics in production increases efficiency, allowing more output to be produced with the same amount of labor. |
Engine and other machine assemblers |
51-2031 | Motor vehicle parts manufacturing | 336300 | Productivity change, demand change - share decreases as collaborative robotics increase efficiency, allowing more output to be produced with the same amount of labor. An expected increase in electric vehicle (EV) production and reduction in internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicle production should lower demand for internal combustion engines and parts, and in turn, engine assemblers. |
Structural metal fabricators and fitters |
51-2041 | Total employment | TE1000 | Productivity change - share decreases as collaborative robotics increase efficiency, allowing more output to be produced with the same amount of labor. |
Timing device assemblers and adjusters |
51-2061 | Total employment | TE1000 | Demand change, productivity change - share decreases as production continues to increase efficiency even as demand shifts away from legacy timing devices. |
Miscellaneous assemblers and fabricators |
51-2090 | Total employment | TE1000 | Productivity change - share decreases as collaborative robotics increases efficiency, allowing more output to be produced with the same amount of labor. |
Bakers |
51-3011 | Bakeries and tortilla manufacturing | 311800 | Demand change - share increases as a variety of new baked goods are produced to meet increasing demand for convenient food. |
Slaughterers and meat packers |
51-3023 | Animal slaughtering and processing | 311600 | Productivity change - share decreases as automated systems are adopted in slaughtering. |
Food and tobacco roasting, baking, and drying machine operators and tenders |
51-3091 | Bakeries and tortilla manufacturing | 311800 | Productivity change - share decreases as industrial bakeries adopt automated equipment, robotics, and other technologies that will make bread production more efficient. |
Food and tobacco roasting, baking, and drying machine operators and tenders |
51-3091 | Other food manufacturing | 311900 | Productivity change - share decreases as food manufacturers adopt automated equipment, robotics, and other technologies that will make food production more efficient. |
Food batchmakers |
51-3092 | Fruit and vegetable preserving and specialty food manufacturing | 311400 | Demand change - share increases as a variety of new frozen, dried, and preserved goods are produced to meet increasing demand for convenient food. |
Food batchmakers |
51-3092 | Bakeries and tortilla manufacturing | 311800 | Demand change - share increases as a variety of new baked goods are produced to meet increasing demand for convenient food. |
Food cooking machine operators and tenders |
51-3093 | Total employment | TE1000 | Productivity change - share decreases as an expected increase in the adoption of automation technologies, such as robotics, makes food production processes more labor efficient. |
Extruding and drawing machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic |
51-4021 | Total employment | TE1000 | Productivity change - share decreases as more processes can be performed by programmed machinery and improvements in software and equipment are expected to increase efficiency, allowing more output to be produced with the same amount of labor. |
Forging machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic |
51-4022 | Total employment | TE1000 | Productivity change, occupational substitution - share decreases as manufacturers continue to use and integrate automated, CNC, and programmable machines to complete tasks previously done by these workers. |
Rolling machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic |
51-4023 | Total employment | TE1000 | Productivity change - share decreases as manufacturers are expected to use more CNC, automated, and programmable machines to perform some functions or tasks previously done by these workers. |
Cutting, punching, and press machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic |
51-4031 | Total employment | TE1000 | Productivity change - share decreases as manufacturers are expected to use more CNC, automated, and programmable machines to perform some functions or tasks previously done by these workers. |
Drilling and boring machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic |
51-4032 | Total employment | TE1000 | Productivity change, occupational substitution - share decreases as manufacturers are expected to use more CNC, automated, and programmable machines to perform some functions or tasks previously done by these workers. |
Grinding, lapping, polishing, and buffing machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic |
51-4033 | Total employment | TE1000 | Productivity change - share decreases as manufacturers are expected to use more CNC, automated, and programmable machines to perform some functions or tasks previously done by these workers. |
Lathe and turning machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic |
51-4034 | Total employment | TE1000 | Productivity change - share decreases as manufacturers are expected to use more CNC, automated, and programmable machines to perform some functions or tasks previously done by these workers. |
Milling and planing machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic |
51-4035 | Total employment | TE1000 | Productivity change, occupational substitution - share decreases as robotics, CNC operated machines, and other programmable/automated machines replace less advanced machines increasing efficiency. |
Metal-refining furnace operators and tenders |
51-4051 | Total employment | TE1000 | Productivity change - share decreases as modern furnaces incorporate more automation in monitoring and controlling of processes and systems. These changes are expected to increase productivity, allowing more output to be produced with the same amount of labor. |
Pourers and casters, metal |
51-4052 | Total employment | TE1000 | Productivity change - share decreases as programmable machines, such as robotics and computer-controlled (CNC) machinery, increasingly replace less advanced machinery, increasing efficiency. |
Model makers, metal and plastic |
51-4061 | Total employment | TE1000 | Capital/labor substitution - share decreases as models made with 3D printers replace hand crafted models. |
Patternmakers, metal and plastic |
51-4062 | Total employment | TE1000 | Productivity change - share decreases as some patternmaking tasks are done by software and 3D printers, requiring fewer of these workers. |
Foundry mold and coremakers |
51-4071 | Total employment | TE1000 | Capital/labor substitution - share decreases as molds made with 3D printers replace traditionally crafted molds. |
Molding, coremaking, and casting machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic |
51-4072 | Total employment | TE1000 | Productivity change - share decreases as more processes can be performed by programmed machinery and improvements in software and equipment are expected to increase efficiency, allowing more output to be produced with the same amount of labor. |
Tool and die makers |
51-4111 | Converted paper product manufacturing | 322200 | Productivity change - share decreases as manufacturers use software programs to perform some tasks previously done by tool and die makers, such as specification analyses or setting up machines for cutting metal, allowing the same amount of output to be produced by fewer tool and die makers. |
Tool and die makers |
51-4111 | Plastics product manufacturing | 326100 | Productivity change - share decreases as manufacturers use software programs to perform some tasks previously done by tool and die makers, such as specification analyses or setting up machines for cutting metal, allowing the same amount of output to be produced by fewer tool and die makers. |
Tool and die makers |
51-4111 | Foundries | 331500 | Productivity change - share decreases as manufacturers use software programs to perform some tasks previously done by tool and die makers, such as specification analyses or setting up machines for cutting metal, allowing the same amount of output to be produced by fewer tool and die makers. |
Tool and die makers |
51-4111 | Machine shops | 332710 | Productivity change - share decreases as manufacturers use software programs to perform some tasks previously done by tool and die makers, such as specification analyses or setting up machines for cutting metal, allowing the same amount of output to be produced by fewer tool and die makers. |
Tool and die makers |
51-4111 | Turned product and screw, nut, and bolt manufacturing | 332720 | Productivity change - share decreases as manufacturers use software programs to perform some tasks previously done by tool and die makers, such as specification analyses or setting up machines for cutting metal, allowing the same amount of output to be produced by fewer tool and die makers. |
Tool and die makers |
51-4111 | Fabricated metal product manufacturing (3321,2,5,6,9) | 3320A1 | Productivity change - share decreases as manufacturers use software programs to perform some tasks previously done by tool and die makers, such as specification analyses or setting up machines for cutting metal, allowing the same amount of output to be produced by fewer tool and die makers. |
Tool and die makers |
51-4111 | Metalworking machinery manufacturing | 333500 | Productivity change - share decreases as manufacturers use software programs to perform some tasks previously done by tool and die makers, such as specification analyses or setting up machines for cutting metal, allowing the same amount of output to be produced by fewer tool and die makers. |
Tool and die makers |
51-4111 | Machinery manufacturing (3331,2,4,9) | 3330A1 | Productivity change - share decreases as manufacturers use software programs to perform some tasks previously done by tool and die makers, such as specification analyses or setting up machines for cutting metal, allowing the same amount of output to be produced by fewer tool and die makers. |
Tool and die makers |
51-4111 | Motor vehicle manufacturing | 336100 | Productivity change - share decreases as manufacturers use software programs to perform some tasks previously done by tool and die makers, such as specification analyses or setting up machines for cutting metal, allowing the same amount of output to be produced by fewer tool and die makers. |
Tool and die makers |
51-4111 | Motor vehicle parts manufacturing | 336300 | Productivity change - share decreases as manufacturers use software programs to perform some tasks previously done by tool and die makers, such as specification analyses or setting up machines for cutting metal, allowing the same amount of output to be produced by fewer tool and die makers. |
Tool and die makers |
51-4111 | Aerospace product and parts manufacturing | 336400 | Productivity change - share decreases as manufacturers use software programs to perform some tasks previously done by tool and die makers, such as specification analyses or setting up machines for cutting metal, allowing the same amount of output to be produced by fewer tool and die makers. |
Welders, cutters, solderers, and brazers |
51-4121 | Ship and boat building | 336600 | Productivity change - share decreases as welding robotics and other automated welding methods improve productivity, thus decreasing labor requirements. |
Welding, soldering, and brazing machine setters, operators, and tenders |
51-4122 | Total employment | TE1000 | Productivity change - share decreases as programmable machines, such as robotics and computer-controlled (CNC) machinery, increasingly replace less advanced machinery, increasing efficiency. |
Welding, soldering, and brazing machine setters, operators, and tenders |
51-4122 | Motor vehicle parts manufacturing | 336300 | Productivity change - share decreases as programmable machines, such as robotics and computer-controlled (CNC) machinery, increasingly replace less advanced machinery, increasing efficiency. |
Heat treating equipment setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic |
51-4191 | Total employment | TE1000 | Productivity change - share decreases as robotics, CNC operated machines, and other programmable/automated machines replace less advanced machines. As a result, this will increase efficiency, allowing more output to be produced with the same amount of labor. |
Layout workers, metal and plastic |
51-4192 | Fabricated metal product manufacturing (3323,4) | 3320A2 | Capital/labor substitution - share decreases as the integration of programmable processes and equipment results in the replacement of workers. |
Layout workers, metal and plastic |
51-4192 | Aerospace product and parts manufacturing | 336400 | Capital/labor substitution - share decreases as the integration of programmable processes and equipment results in the replacement of workers. |
Layout workers, metal and plastic |
51-4192 | Ship and boat building | 336600 | Capital/labor substitution, productivity change - share decreases as the integration of programmable processes and equipment replaces some workers and makes others more efficient. |
Plating machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic |
51-4193 | Total employment | TE1000 | Productivity change - share decreases as robotics, CNC operated machines, and other programmable/automated machines replace less advanced machines. As a result, this will increase efficiency, allowing more output to be produced with the same amount of labor. |
Tool grinders, filers, and sharpeners |
51-4194 | Sawmills and wood preservation | 321100 | Productivity change - share decreases as some tasks in tool grinding are programmed, requiring fewer of these workers. |
Tool grinders, filers, and sharpeners |
51-4194 | Foundries | 331500 | Productivity change - share decreases as some tasks in tool grinding are programmed, requiring fewer of these workers. |
Tool grinders, filers, and sharpeners |
51-4194 | Machine shops | 332710 | Productivity change - share decreases as some tasks in tool grinding are programmed, requiring fewer of these workers. |
Tool grinders, filers, and sharpeners |
51-4194 | Fabricated metal product manufacturing (3321,2,5,6,9) | 3320A1 | Productivity change - share decreases as some tasks in tool grinding are programmed, requiring fewer of these workers. |
Tool grinders, filers, and sharpeners |
51-4194 | Metalworking machinery manufacturing | 333500 | Productivity change - share decreases as some tasks in tool grinding are programmed, requiring fewer of these workers. |
Tool grinders, filers, and sharpeners |
51-4194 | Machinery manufacturing (3331,2,4,9) | 3330A1 | Productivity change - share decreases as some tasks in tool grinding are programmed, requiring fewer of these workers. |
Tool grinders, filers, and sharpeners |
51-4194 | Motor vehicle parts manufacturing | 336300 | Productivity change - share decreases as some tasks in tool grinding are programmed, requiring fewer of these workers. |
Tool grinders, filers, and sharpeners |
51-4194 | Aerospace product and parts manufacturing | 336400 | Productivity change - share decreases as some tasks in tool grinding are programmed, requiring fewer of these workers. |
Tool grinders, filers, and sharpeners |
51-4194 | Commercial and industrial machinery and equipment (except automotive and electronic) repair and maintenance | 811300 | Productivity change - share decreases as some tasks in tool grinding are programmed, requiring fewer of these workers. |
Metal workers and plastic workers, all other |
51-4199 | Total employment | TE1000 | Productivity change - share decreases as the tasks of these machine operators are supplanted by programmable computer-controlled machinery, requiring fewer of these workers. |
Prepress technicians and workers |
51-5111 | Printing and related support activities | 323000 | Productivity change - share decreases as software and hardware improvements increase the productivity of workers. |
Prepress technicians and workers |
51-5111 | Newspaper publishers | 513110 | Productivity change - share decreases as software and hardware improvements increase the productivity of workers. |
Print binding and finishing workers |
51-5113 | Printing and related support activities | 323000 | Capital/labor substitution - share decreases as the industry adopts automated binding technologies. |
Pressers, textile, garment, and related materials |
51-6021 | Drycleaning and laundry services | 812300 | Demand change - share decreases as demand declines due to the acceptance of casual dress in lieu of business attire and the continued use of wrinkle resistant fabrics. |
Sewing machine operators |
51-6031 | Apparel manufacturing | 315000 | Capital/labor substitution - share decreases as new technology (e.g. robots) allows manufacturers to automate arranging, cutting, fitting and sewing of apparel products once done by these workers. |
Sewers, hand |
51-6051 | Textile product mills | 314000 | Capital/labor substitution - share decreases as companies deploy automation machinery to sew garments instead of human sewers. |
Sewers, hand |
51-6051 | Apparel manufacturing | 315000 | Capital/labor substitution - share decreases as companies deploy automated machinery to sew garments instead of human sewers. |
Textile cutting machine setters, operators, and tenders |
51-6062 | Textile product mills | 314000 | Capital/labor substitution - share decreases as new technology allows textile product mills to automate the cutting, sewing and storage of fabric materials once done by these workers. |
Textile cutting machine setters, operators, and tenders |
51-6062 | Apparel manufacturing | 315000 | Capital/labor substitution - share decreases as new technology allows manufacturers to automate the cutting, sewing and storage of fabric materials once done by these workers. |
Textile knitting and weaving machine setters, operators, and tenders |
51-6063 | Apparel manufacturing | 315000 | Capital/labor substitution - share decreases as new technology allows textile knitting to become automated through the use of 3D garment knitting. |
Sawing machine setters, operators, and tenders, wood |
51-7041 | Other wood product manufacturing | 321900 | Productivity change - share decreases as advances in CNC equipment allow for additional output to be produced by fewer woodworkers. |
Woodworking machine setters, operators, and tenders, except sawing |
51-7042 | Other wood product manufacturing | 321900 | Productivity change - share decreases as advances in CNC equipment allow for additional output to be produced by fewer woodworkers. |
Power distributors and dispatchers |
51-8012 | Total employment | TE1000 | Productivity change - share decreases as improved equipment monitoring systems reduce the need to manually check plant equipment. |
Power plant operators |
51-8013 | Total employment | TE1000 | Productivity change - share decreases as upgraded technologies incorporated into power plants will make power plant operators more productive. |
Water and wastewater treatment plant and system operators |
51-8031 | Total employment | TE1000 | Productivity change - share decreases as improved equipment monitoring systems reduce the need to manually check plant equipment. |
Chemical plant and system operators |
51-8091 | Petroleum and coal products manufacturing | 324000 | Productivity change - share decreases as process automation systems (PAS) will allow operators to make decisions faster and be more responsive and cover multiple locations, increasing plant efficiency and limiting time where production is less than optimized. |
Chemical plant and system operators |
51-8091 | Pharmaceutical and medicine manufacturing | 325400 | Productivity change - share decreases as process automation systems (PAS) will allow operators to make decisions faster and be more responsive and cover multiple locations, increasing plant efficiency and limiting time where production is less than optimized. |
Chemical plant and system operators |
51-8091 | Chemical manufacturing (3255,6) | 3250A2 | Productivity change - share decreases as process automation systems (PAS) will allow operators to make decisions faster and be more responsive and cover multiple locations, increasing plant efficiency and limiting time where production is less than optimized. |
Chemical plant and system operators |
51-8091 | Chemical manufacturing (3251,2,3,9) | 3250A1 | Productivity change - share decreases as process automation systems (PAS) will allow operators to make decisions faster and be more responsive and cover multiple locations, increasing plant efficiency and limiting time where production is less than optimized. |
Gas plant operators |
51-8092 | Total employment | TE1000 | Productivity change - share decreases as improved process controls require less direct management, monitoring, and approval from operators due to automation. |
Petroleum pump system operators, refinery operators, and gaugers |
51-8093 | Oil and gas extraction | 211000 | Productivity change - share decreases as technological advancements in robotics, automation, and digital solutions boost labor productivity and reduce staff requirements. |
Petroleum pump system operators, refinery operators, and gaugers |
51-8093 | Petroleum and coal products manufacturing | 324000 | Productivity change - share decreases as technological advancements in automation and digital solutions boost labor productivity and reduce staff requirements. |
Chemical equipment operators and tenders |
51-9011 | Petroleum and coal products manufacturing | 324000 | Productivity change - share decreases as automation increases in petroleum and coal products manufacturing. |
Chemical equipment operators and tenders |
51-9011 | Pharmaceutical and medicine manufacturing | 325400 | Productivity change - share decreases as an expected increase in automation and expanded use of continuous manufacturing boost productivity in pharmaceutical and medicine manufacturing. |
Chemical equipment operators and tenders |
51-9011 | Chemical manufacturing (3255,6) | 3250A2 | Productivity change - share decreases as automation increases in chemical manufacturing to improve quality. |
Chemical equipment operators and tenders |
51-9011 | Chemical manufacturing (3251,2,3,9) | 3250A1 | Productivity change - share decreases as automation increases in chemical manufacturing to improve quality. |
Separating, filtering, clarifying, precipitating, and still machine setters, operators, and tenders |
51-9012 | Dairy product manufacturing | 311500 | Productivity change - share decreases as automation increases in dairy product manufacturing to improve quality. |
Separating, filtering, clarifying, precipitating, and still machine setters, operators, and tenders |
51-9012 | Beverage manufacturing | 312100 | Productivity change - share decreases as automation increases in beverage manufacturing to improve quality. |
Separating, filtering, clarifying, precipitating, and still machine setters, operators, and tenders |
51-9012 | Pharmaceutical and medicine manufacturing | 325400 | Productivity change - share decreases as an expected increase in automation and expanded use of continuous manufacturing boost productivity in pharmaceutical and medicine manufacturing. |
Separating, filtering, clarifying, precipitating, and still machine setters, operators, and tenders |
51-9012 | Chemical manufacturing (3255,6) | 3250A2 | Productivity change - share decreases as automation increases in chemical manufacturing to improve quality. |
Separating, filtering, clarifying, precipitating, and still machine setters, operators, and tenders |
51-9012 | Chemical manufacturing (3251,2,3,9) | 3250A1 | Productivity change - share decreases as automation increases in chemical manufacturing to improve quality. |
Crushing, grinding, and polishing machine setters, operators, and tenders |
51-9021 | Total employment | TE1000 | Productivity change - share decreases as machines are becoming capable of more functionalities and are more integrated with each other allowing workers to produce more. |
Grinding and polishing workers, hand |
51-9022 | Total employment | TE1000 | Capital/labor substitution - share decreases as automation increases capacity and reduces the need for as many manual workers. |
Mixing and blending machine setters, operators, and tenders |
51-9023 | Animal food manufacturing | 311100 | Productivity change - share decreases as new technologies, including data usage and machine connectivity (integration) in the production process, are used in monitoring and adjusting production process. |
Mixing and blending machine setters, operators, and tenders |
51-9023 | Other food manufacturing | 311900 | Productivity change - share decreases as greater integration of manufacturing processes will allow mixing and blending machine setters, operators, and tenders to do more with fewer workers. |
Mixing and blending machine setters, operators, and tenders |
51-9023 | Pharmaceutical and medicine manufacturing | 325400 | Productivity change - share decreases as an expected increase in automation and expanded use of continuous manufacturing boost productivity in pharmaceutical and medicine manufacturing. |
Cutters and trimmers, hand |
51-9031 | Total employment | TE1000 | Capital/labor substitution - share decreases as the improved integration of design systems and cutting equipment improve precision of cuts which reduces the need for hand cutters and trimmers. |
Cutting and slicing machine setters, operators, and tenders |
51-9032 | Animal food manufacturing | 311100 | Capital/labor substitution - share decreases as animal food processing is increasingly automated. |
Cutting and slicing machine setters, operators, and tenders |
51-9032 | Fruit and vegetable preserving and specialty food manufacturing | 311400 | Capital/labor substitution - share decreases as fruit and vegetable processing is more fully automated. |
Cutting and slicing machine setters, operators, and tenders |
51-9032 | Dairy product manufacturing | 311500 | Capital/labor substitution - share decreases as increased automation replaces workers in dairy processing. |
Cutting and slicing machine setters, operators, and tenders |
51-9032 | Animal slaughtering and processing | 311600 | Capital/labor substitution - share decreases as improved AI and equipment allow for some workers to be replaced by technology. |
Cutting and slicing machine setters, operators, and tenders |
51-9032 | Seafood product preparation and packaging | 311700 | Capital/labor substitution - share decreases as improved AI and robotics increase the ability to automate seafood processing. |
Cutting and slicing machine setters, operators, and tenders |
51-9032 | Bakeries and tortilla manufacturing | 311800 | Capital/labor substitution - share decreases as improved technology allows the replacement of workers. |
Cutting and slicing machine setters, operators, and tenders |
51-9032 | Other food manufacturing | 311900 | Capital/labor substitution - share decreases as improved automation replaces workers. |
Extruding, forming, pressing, and compacting machine setters, operators, and tenders |
51-9041 | Animal food manufacturing | 311100 | Productivity change - share decreases as automated food mixing, forming, and compacting equipment require fewer setters, operators, and tenders. |
Inspectors, testers, sorters, samplers, and weighers |
51-9061 | Total employment | TE1000 | Productivity change - share decreases as Internet of Things (IoT), 3D scanning, and related technologies increase productivity by enabling more accurate measurements/inspections in a shorter period of time by fewer inspectors. |
Inspectors, testers, sorters, samplers, and weighers |
51-9061 | Converted paper product manufacturing | 322200 | Productivity change - share decreases as Internet of Things (IoT), 3D scanning, and related technologies increase productivity by enabling more accurate measurements/inspections in a shorter period of time by fewer inspectors. |
Inspectors, testers, sorters, samplers, and weighers |
51-9061 | Commercial and service industry machinery manufacturing | 333300 | Productivity change - share decreases as Internet of Things (IoT), 3D scanning, and related technologies increase productivity by enabling more accurate measurements/inspections in a shorter period of time by fewer inspectors. |
Inspectors, testers, sorters, samplers, and weighers |
51-9061 | Engine, turbine, and power transmission equipment manufacturing | 333600 | Productivity change - share decreases as Internet of Things (IoT), 3D scanning, and related technologies increase productivity by enabling more accurate measurements/inspections in a shorter period of time by fewer inspectors. |
Inspectors, testers, sorters, samplers, and weighers |
51-9061 | Other transportation equipment manufacturing | 336900 | Productivity change - share decreases as Internet of Things (IoT), 3D scanning, and related technologies increase productivity by enabling more accurate measurements/inspections in a shorter period of time by fewer inspectors. |
Inspectors, testers, sorters, samplers, and weighers |
51-9061 | Support activities for rail transportation | 488200 | Productivity change - share decreases as Internet of Things (IoT), 3D scanning, and related technologies increase productivity by enabling more accurate measurements/inspections in a shorter period of time by fewer inspectors. |
Dental laboratory technicians |
51-9081 | Medical equipment and supplies manufacturing | 339100 | Productivity change - share decreases as the continued adoption of digital manufacturing methods, such as 3D printing, makes the fabrication process of dental devices more labor efficient. |
Dental laboratory technicians |
51-9081 | Offices of dentists | 621200 | Productivity change - share decreases as the continued adoption of digital manufacturing methods, such as 3D printing, makes the fabrication process of dental devices more labor efficient. |
Medical appliance technicians |
51-9082 | Medical equipment and supplies manufacturing | 339100 | Productivity change - share decreases as the adoption of additive manufacturing technologies makes the fabrication process of orthoses and prostheses more labor efficient. |
Ophthalmic laboratory technicians |
51-9083 | Commercial and service industry machinery manufacturing | 333300 | Productivity change - share decreases as continued automation makes the optical lens fabrication process more labor efficient. |
Ophthalmic laboratory technicians |
51-9083 | Medical equipment and supplies manufacturing | 339100 | Productivity change - share decreases as continued automation makes the eyewear fabrication process more labor efficient. |
Packaging and filling machine operators and tenders |
51-9111 | Animal food manufacturing | 311100 | Productivity change - share decreases as automated filling, bagging, packing, and palletizing equipment is used in new facilities and will require fewer operators and tenders. |
Packaging and filling machine operators and tenders |
51-9111 | Bakeries and tortilla manufacturing | 311800 | Demand change - share increases as a variety of new baked goods are produced to meet increasing demand for convenient food. |
Packaging and filling machine operators and tenders |
51-9111 | Beverage manufacturing | 312100 | Productivity change - share decreases as automated filling, packaging, and palletizing equipment is used in new facilities and will require fewer operators and tenders. |
Photographic process workers and processing machine operators |
51-9151 | Pharmacies and drug retailers | 456110 | Demand change, productivity change - share decreases as technology allows consumers to easily print their own photos instead of relying on a service. People also print fewer photos and store them on computer or online. |
Photographic process workers and processing machine operators |
51-9151 | Other personal services | 812900 | Demand change, productivity change - share decreases as technology allows consumers to easily print their own photos instead of relying on a service. People also print fewer photos and store them on the computer or online. |
Computer numerically controlled tool operators |
51-9161 | Total employment | TE1000 | Productivity change - share decreases as computer-controlled machine tool programmers are able to control more machines at once, which means fewer operators are needed to handle them. |
Computer numerically controlled tool programmers |
51-9162 | Total employment | TE1000 | Demand change - share increases as manufacturers increase efficiency through more computer numerically controlled (CNC), automated, and programmable machines requiring programming by these workers. |
Molders, shapers, and casters, except metal and plastic |
51-9195 | Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing | 327000 | Demand change - share increases as more prefabricated concrete products are used in construction, requiring workers to mold, shape, or cast these products. |
Helpers--production workers |
51-9198 | Total employment | TE1000 | Capital/labor substitution - share decreases as automation continues to replace production worker helpers in manufacturing facilities. |
Helpers--production workers |
51-9198 | Temporary help services | 561320 | Demand change - share decreases as manufacturing facilities require fewer of these helpers as facilities become more automated. |
First-line supervisors of transportation and material moving workers, except aircraft cargo handling supervisors |
53-1047 | Warehousing and storage | 493000 | Demand change - share decreases as increased use of automated guided vehicles requires fewer operators, resulting in fewer supervisors. |
Air traffic controllers |
53-2021 | Federal government, excluding postal service | 999100 | Demand change, productivity change - share increases as growing air traffic volume increases the demand for air traffic controllers. This effect will be partially offset by the deployment of technologies that make air traffic management more efficient. |
Flight attendants |
53-2031 | Scheduled air transportation | 481100 | Demand change - share increases as airlines continue to replace smaller planes with larger aircraft or add more seats to the existing planes, which will result in more flight attendants on average per aircraft. |
Ambulance drivers and attendants, except emergency medical technicians |
53-3011 | Ambulance services | 621910 | Occupational substitution - share decreases as emergency medical technicians and paramedics increasingly take on the tasks of ambulance drivers and attendants as part of their now standard set of duties and responsibilities. Being able to drive an ambulance is also an implicit skill required from technicians and paramedics, contributing further to this trend. |
Ambulance drivers and attendants, except emergency medical technicians |
53-3011 | Local government, excluding education and hospitals | 999300 | Occupational substitution - share decreases as emergency medical technicians and paramedics increasingly take on the tasks of ambulance drivers and attendants as part of their now standard set of duties and responsibilities. Being able to drive an ambulance is also an implicit skill required from technicians and paramedics, contributing further to this trend. |
Driver/sales workers |
53-3031 | Grocery and specialty food retailers | 4450A1 | Demand change - share increases as grocery stores increasingly add food delivery to their services and some grocery stores choose to employ their own drivers to handle deliveries. |
Driver/sales workers |
53-3031 | Local messengers and local delivery | 492200 | Demand change - share increases as strong demand for both restaurant meal delivery and grocery delivery services will require more driver/sales workers to facilitate these transactions. |
Driver/sales workers |
53-3031 | Full-service restaurants | 722511 | Demand change - share increases as restaurants increasingly add food delivery to their services and some restaurants choose to employ their own drivers to handle deliveries. |
Heavy and tractor-trailer truck drivers |
53-3032 | Metal ore mining | 212200 | Capital/labor substitution - share decreases as the industry adopts autonomous vehicles such as hauling trucks. |
Heavy and tractor-trailer truck drivers |
53-3032 | Nonmetallic mineral mining and quarrying | 212300 | Capital/labor substitution - share decreases as the industry adopts autonomous vehicles such as hauling trucks. |
Heavy and tractor-trailer truck drivers |
53-3032 | Highway, street, and bridge construction | 237300 | Demand change - share increases as more drivers are needed to deliver components and materials to construction sites. |
Heavy and tractor-trailer truck drivers |
53-3032 | Other specialty trade contractors | 238900 | Demand change - share increases as more drivers are needed to deliver components and materials to construction sites. |
Light truck drivers |
53-3033 | Truck transportation | 484000 | Demand change - share increases as demand from e-commerce growth results in greater volumes of home delivery, which requires more drivers relative to other occupations. |
Light truck drivers |
53-3033 | Couriers and express delivery services | 492100 | Demand change - share increases as demand from e-commerce growth results in greater volumes of home delivery, which requires more drivers relative to other occupations. |
Light truck drivers |
53-3033 | Local messengers and local delivery | 492200 | Demand change - share increases as demand from e-commerce growth results in greater volumes of home delivery, which requires more drivers relative to other occupations. |
Bus drivers, school |
53-3051 | Local government, excluding education and hospitals | 999300 | Demand change - share decreases as public school enrollment declines, resulting in less demand for school bus transportation. |
Shuttle drivers and chauffeurs |
53-3053 | Taxi and limousine service | 485300 | Demand change - share increases as continued demand for chauffeured transportation services supports demand for shuttle drivers and chauffeurs. |
Bridge and lock tenders |
53-6011 | Total employment | TE1000 | Capital/labor substitution - share decreases as an increase in the automation and remote operation of locks and bridges will replace some of the tasks previously performed by bridge and lock tenders. |
Parking attendants |
53-6021 | Other personal services | 812900 | Capital/labor substitution - share decreases as automated parking machines replace the tasks previously done by human parking attendants. |
Automotive and watercraft service attendants |
53-6031 | Automobile dealers | 441100 | Demand change - share increases as automobile dealers continue to offer more vehicle repair and maintenance services and drivers increasingly prefer to take their vehicle to a dealer for servicing. |
Automotive and watercraft service attendants |
53-6031 | Other automotive repair and maintenance | 811190 | Demand change - share decreases as improvements in vehicle reliability and durability reduce demand for automotive repair and maintenance services as the lifespan of parts and systems continues to increase. An expected greater share of hybrid vehicles and electric vehicles (EVs) on the road is also expected to reduce demand for some repair and maintenance services. |
Conveyor operators and tenders |
53-7011 | Motor vehicle manufacturing | 336100 | Productivity change - share decreases as firms use technology to supplant some functions of these operators. |
Conveyor operators and tenders |
53-7011 | Merchant wholesalers, durable goods (4232,3,5,6,7,9) | 4230A1 | Productivity change - share decreases as firms use technology to supplant some functions of these operators. |
Conveyor operators and tenders |
53-7011 | Couriers and express delivery services | 492100 | Productivity change - share decreases as firms use technology to supplant some functions of these operators. |
Conveyor operators and tenders |
53-7011 | Warehousing and storage | 493000 | Productivity change - share decreases as firms use technology to supplant some functions of these operators. |
Crane and tower operators |
53-7021 | Support activities for water transportation | 488300 | Capital/labor substitution - share decreases as increased ship sizes are causing ports to automate their operations in order to meet shipping schedules and demand. |
Dredge operators |
53-7031 | Total employment | TE1000 | Productivity change - share decreases as dredge control and monitoring systems become more advanced as dredging processes become increasingly more complex, increasing the productivity of dredge operators. |
Hoist and winch operators |
53-7041 | Total employment | TE1000 | Capital/labor substitution - share decreases as the expansion of automated lifting systems eliminates some of the tasks previously performed by hoist and winch operators. |
Industrial truck and tractor operators |
53-7051 | Nonmetallic mineral mining and quarrying | 212300 | Productivity change - share decreases as the industry adopts semi-autonomous construction equipment. |
Industrial truck and tractor operators |
53-7051 | Warehousing and storage | 493000 | Capital/labor substitution - share decreases as the increased use of automated guided vehicles replaces these operators. |
Cleaners of vehicles and equipment |
53-7061 | Automobile dealers | 441100 | Demand change - share increases as automobile dealers continue to offer more vehicle repair and maintenance services and drivers increasingly prefer to take their vehicle to a dealer for servicing. |
Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand |
53-7062 | Animal food manufacturing | 311100 | Capital/labor substitution - share decreases as automated filling, bagging, packing, and palletizing equipment used in new facilities will require fewer laborers. |
Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand |
53-7062 | Couriers and express delivery services | 492100 | Capital/labor substitution - share decreases as delivery services implement robotics technology to replace roles related to manual stock and material moving tasks. |
Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand |
53-7062 | Warehousing and storage | 493000 | Capital/labor substitution - share decreases as warehouses implement robotics technology to replace manual labor tasks in warehouses. |
Machine feeders and offbearers |
53-7063 | Total employment | TE1000 | Capital/labor substitution - share decreases as automated equipment replaces roles of loading and unloading products and materials into machinery and equipment. |
Packers and packagers, hand |
53-7064 | Animal food manufacturing | 311100 | Capital/labor substitution - share decreases as automated filling, bagging, packing, and palletizing equipment is used in new facilities instead of hand packers. |
Packers and packagers, hand |
53-7064 | Grocery and specialty food retailers | 4450A1 | Demand change, capital/labor substitution - share decreases as online grocery orders for pickup or delivery increase, reducing the need for baggers to bag groceries at checkout counters, and self-checkout systems become more common. |
Packers and packagers, hand |
53-7064 | General merchandise retailers | 455000 | Productivity change - share decreases as collaborative automation within warehouses increase. |
Packers and packagers, hand |
53-7064 | Warehousing and storage | 493000 | Productivity change - share decreases as collaborative automation within warehouses increase. |
Stockers and order fillers |
53-7065 | Merchant wholesalers, nondurable goods (4244,8) | 4240A1 | Capital/labor substitution - share decreases as some firms increasingly use automated storage and retrieval equipment based on sensors, bar codes, and Radio-frequency identification to remove workers from the process. |
Stockers and order fillers |
53-7065 | Grocery and specialty food retailers | 4450A1 | Demand change - share increases as online grocery orders for pickup and delivery increase. As consumers continue to shop online for groceries, there will be more demand for individuals to stock and fill orders. |
Stockers and order fillers |
53-7065 | General merchandise retailers | 455000 | Demand change - share increases as growing preference for buy online, pickup in-store options will require more stockers and order fillers to facilitate these online orders in general merchandise stores. |
Stockers and order fillers |
53-7065 | Building material and supplies dealers | 444100 | Demand change - share increases as more workers are needed to pick orders from shelves for customers as current technology does not allow for preparing these types of increased orders. |
Stockers and order fillers |
53-7065 | Furniture and home furnishings retailers | 449100 | Demand change - share increases as changing consumer shopping habits (e.g. buy online, pick up in-store) will require additional workers to obtain merchandise from the store and deliver to curbside shoppers. |
Stockers and order fillers |
53-7065 | Warehousing and storage | 493000 | Productivity change - share decreases as continued adoption of enhanced automation technologies increases the ability of workers to receive and store products. |
Gas compressor and gas pumping station operators |
53-7071 | Pipeline transportation of natural gas | 486200 | Productivity change - share decreases as automation and remote monitoring technologies reduce some demand for on-site staff at compressor stations along pipelines. |
Wellhead pumpers |
53-7073 | Oil and gas extraction | 211000 | Productivity change - share decreases as automation, including use of Internet of Things (IoT) technology, in the oil fields will boost labor productivity and reduce staff requirements. |
Wellhead pumpers |
53-7073 | Support activities for mining | 213000 | Productivity change - share decreases as automation, including use of Internet of Things (IoT) technology, in the oil fields will boost labor productivity and reduce staff requirements. |
Refuse and recyclable material collectors |
53-7081 | Waste collection | 562100 | Productivity change, capital/labor substitution - share decreases as technological improvements, including automated side-loading trucks and the use of the Internet of Things (IoT) to enable more efficient collection routes, allow collection work to be done with fewer workers. |
Refuse and recyclable material collectors |
53-7081 | Waste treatment and disposal | 562200 | Productivity change, capital/labor substitution - share decreases as technological improvements, including automated side-loading trucks and the use of the Internet of Things (IoT) to enable more efficient collection routes, allow collection work to be done with fewer workers. |
Refuse and recyclable material collectors |
53-7081 | Local government, excluding education and hospitals | 999300 | Productivity change, capital/labor substitution - share decreases as technological improvements, including automated side-loading trucks and the use of the Internet of Things (IoT) to enable more efficient collection routes, allow collection work to be done with fewer workers. |
Material moving workers, all other |
53-7199 | Warehousing and storage | 493000 | Productivity change - share decreases as continued adoption of enhanced automation technologies increases the ability of workers to move materials. |
Source: Employment Projections program, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics |
Last Modified Date: August 29, 2024