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Women’s earnings were 83.6 percent of men’s in 2023
March 12, 2024
Equal Pay Day, which symbolizes how far into the year women must work to earn what men earned in the previous year, is on Tuesday, March 12, 2024. Women who were full-time wage and salary workers had median weekly earnings of $1,005 in 2023. That was 83.6 percent of the $1,202 median for men who were full-time wage and salary workers. Women had lower median weekly earnings than men in most of the occupations for which we have earnings data for both women and men.
Median weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by occupational group and sex, 2023 annual averages
Occupational group
Women
Men
Architecture and engineering occupations
1,635
1,864
Computer and mathematical occupations
1,628
1,976
Legal occupations
1,543
2,301
Management occupations
1,483
1,900
Life, physical, and social science occupations
1,445
1,658
Business and financial operations occupations
1,406
1,674
Healthcare practitioners and technical occupations
1,341
1,682
Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations
1,271
1,381
Community and social service occupations
1,144
1,157
Education, training, and library occupations
1,134
1,376
Protective service occupations
884
1,190
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations
875
1,104
Office and administrative support occupations
864
983
Sales and related occupations
830
1,196
Construction and extraction occupations
795
991
Production occupations
742
966
Personal care and service occupations
706
779
Healthcare support occupations
704
794
Transportation and material moving occupations
694
897
Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations
621
749
Food preparation and serving related occupations
618
700
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations
614
728
Note: Earnings are in U.S. dollars.
Looking at occupational groups, those with the highest median weekly earnings for women were architecture and engineering occupations ($1,635) and computer and mathematical occupations ($1,628) in 2023. Median earnings for women were $621 or less per week in 3 occupational groups: building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations, food preparation and serving related occupations, and farming, fishing, and forestry occupations.
Median weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by detailed occupation and sex, 2023 annual averages
Occupation
Median weekly earnings (U.S. dollars)
Women's to men's earnings ratio (percent)
Women
Men
Total, full-time wage and salary workers
1,005
1,202
83.6
Management occupations
Chief executives
2,520
2,983
84.5
General and operations managers
1,347
1,689
79.8
Marketing managers
1,746
1,911
91.4
Sales managers
1,688
2,297
73.5
Computer and information systems managers
2,192
2,313
94.8
Financial managers
1,497
2,100
71.3
Human resources managers
1,706
1,891
90.2
Purchasing managers
1,585
1,879
84.4
Transportation, storage, and distribution managers
1,219
1,318
92.5
Construction managers
1,431
1,747
81.9
Education and childcare administrators
1,469
1,870
78.6
Food service managers
924
1,121
82.4
Medical and health services managers
1,540
1,914
80.5
Property, real estate, and community association managers
1,143
1,521
75.1
Social and community service managers
1,341
1,501
89.3
Managers, all other
1,536
1,887
81.4
Business and financial operations occupations
Wholesale and retail buyers, except farm products
1,029
1,270
81.0
Purchasing agents, except wholesale, retail, and farm products
1,216
1,514
80.3
Claims adjusters, appraisers, examiners, and investigators
1,306
1,468
89.0
Compliance officers
1,377
1,597
86.2
Human resources workers
1,259
1,367
92.1
Training and development specialists
1,222
1,648
74.2
Logisticians
994
1,207
82.4
Project management specialists
1,661
1,919
86.6
Management analysts
1,817
1,993
91.2
Market research analysts and marketing specialists
1,552
1,771
87.6
Business operations specialists, all other
1,224
1,737
70.5
Accountants and auditors
1,504
1,644
91.5
Financial and investment analysts
1,643
1,760
93.4
Personal financial advisors
1,552
2,082
74.5
Credit counselors and loan officers
1,294
1,457
88.8
Other financial specialists
1,233
2,386
51.7
Computer and mathematical occupations
Computer systems analysts
1,487
1,894
78.5
Computer programmers
1,760
1,906
92.3
Software developers
2,020
2,296
88.0
Computer support specialists
1,348
1,478
91.2
Computer occupations, all other
1,430
1,631
87.7
Operations research analysts
1,665
2,208
75.4
Other mathematical science occupations
1,474
1,668
88.4
Architecture and engineering occupations
Architects, except landscape and naval
1,691
1,893
89.3
Civil engineers
1,465
1,839
79.7
Industrial engineers, including health and safety
1,682
1,766
95.2
Engineers, all other
1,904
1,953
97.5
Other engineering technologists and technicians, except drafters
982
1,287
76.3
Life, physical, and social science occupations
Medical scientists
1,537
2,290
67.1
Physical scientists, all other
1,649
1,742
94.7
Other life, physical, and social science technicians
1,275
1,430
89.2
Community and social service occupations
Educational, guidance, and career counselors and advisors
1,158
1,227
94.4
Counselors, all other
1,011
1,248
81.0
Social workers, all other
1,228
1,253
98.0
Social and human service assistants
962
967
99.5
Legal occupations
Lawyers
2,330
2,505
93.0
Paralegals and legal assistants
1,125
1,425
78.9
Education, training, and library occupations
Postsecondary teachers
1,565
1,852
84.5
Elementary and middle school teachers
1,220
1,370
89.1
Secondary school teachers
1,213
1,347
90.1
Other teachers and instructors
1,124
1,242
90.5
Teaching assistants
685
772
88.7
Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations
Graphic designers
1,221
1,294
94.4
Other designers
1,408
1,495
94.2
Producers and directors
1,609
1,312
122.6
Healthcare practitioners and technical occupations
Pharmacists
2,180
2,238
97.4
Other physicians
2,907
2,920
99.6
Physical therapists
1,526
1,715
89.0
Registered nurses
1,409
1,657
85.0
Clinical laboratory technologists and technicians
1,089
1,172
92.9
Radiologic technologists and technicians
1,321
1,483
89.1
Pharmacy technicians
886
992
89.3
Licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses
984
1,018
96.7
Healthcare support occupations
Home health aides
625
709
88.2
Personal care aides
668
751
88.9
Nursing assistants
695
765
90.8
Medical assistants
738
904
81.6
Other healthcare support workers
790
919
86.0
Protective service occupations
Correctional officers and jailers
914
1,133
80.7
Police officers
1,034
1,363
75.9
Security guards and gambling surveillance officers
717
811
88.4
Food preparation and serving related occupations
Chefs and head cooks
690
854
80.8
First-line supervisors of food preparation and serving workers
677
819
82.7
Cooks
608
682
89.1
Food preparation workers
600
645
93.0
Bartenders
745
768
97.0
Fast food and counter workers
595
639
93.1
Waiters and waitresses
617
684
90.2
Dining room and cafeteria attendants and bartender helpers
588
607
96.9
Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations
First-line supervisors of housekeeping and janitorial workers
699
1,050
66.6
Janitors and building cleaners
626
745
84.0
Maids and housekeeping cleaners
611
686
89.1
Personal care and service occupations
Recreation workers
716
801
89.4
Sales and related occupations
First-line supervisors of retail sales workers
904
1,094
82.6
First-line supervisors of non-retail sales workers
1,151
1,464
78.6
Cashiers
602
616
97.7
Retail salespersons
710
988
71.9
Advertising sales agents
1,398
1,728
80.9
Insurance sales agents
927
1,310
70.8
Securities, commodities, and financial services sales agents
1,654
2,412
68.6
Sales representatives of services, except advertising, insurance, financial services, and travel
1,137
1,451
78.4
Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing
1,215
1,535
79.2
Real estate brokers and sales agents
1,215
1,444
84.1
Sales and related workers, all other
807
1,019
79.2
Office and administrative support occupations
First-line supervisors of office and administrative support workers
1,075
1,209
88.9
Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks
922
1,100
83.8
Financial clerks, all other
1,009
1,335
75.6
Customer service representatives
799
918
87.0
Receptionists and information clerks
749
770
97.3
Couriers and messengers
711
885
80.3
Dispatchers, except police, fire, and ambulance
852
1,128
75.5
Postal service mail carriers
1,015
1,194
85.0
Production, planning, and expediting clerks
1,333
1,335
99.9
Shipping, receiving, and inventory clerks
789
827
95.4
Secretaries and administrative assistants, except legal, medical, and executive
882
1,101
80.1
Data entry keyers
809
819
98.8
Insurance claims and policy processing clerks
896
1,062
84.4
Office clerks, general
824
867
95.0
Office and administrative support workers, all other
988
1,038
95.2
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations
Miscellaneous agricultural workers
598
704
84.9
Construction and extraction occupations
Construction laborers
711
870
81.7
Production occupations
First-line supervisors of production and operating workers
914
1,263
72.4
Electrical, electronics, and electromechanical assemblers
782
887
88.2
Other assemblers and fabricators
758
852
89.0
Bakers
656
726
90.4
Butchers and other meat, poultry, and fish processing workers
696
818
85.1
Other metal workers and plastic workers
684
906
75.5
Inspectors, testers, sorters, samplers, and weighers
809
1,010
80.1
Packaging and filling machine operators and tenders
698
752
92.8
Other production workers
771
893
86.3
Transportation and material moving occupations
Supervisors of transportation and material moving workers
791
1,127
70.2
Bus drivers, transit and intercity
811
979
82.8
Driver/sales workers and truck drivers
734
1,016
72.2
Industrial truck and tractor operators
786
812
96.8
Cleaners of vehicles and equipment
605
704
85.9
Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand
685
801
85.5
Packers and packagers, hand
667
732
91.1
Stockers and order fillers
667
730
91.4
The gap between women’s and men’s earnings generally is larger in occupations with higher median earnings. Other financial specialists had the greatest percentage difference in median weekly earnings between women ($1,233) and men ($2,386), followed by first-line supervisors of housekeeping and janitorial workers ($699 women; $1,050 men); and medical scientists ($1,537 women; $2,290 men); and securities, commodities, and financial services sales agents ($1,654 women; $2,412 men).
Of the detailed occupations for which both male and female median weekly earnings data are available, women’s earnings as a percentage of men’s were highest for these occupations: producers and directors (122.6 percent); production, planning, and expediting clerks (99.9 percent); other physicians (99.6 percent); and social and human service assistants (99.5 percent).
United States Department of Labor
