Revised Data from February 1994 Displaced Worker Survey
Table 1. Displaced workers by age, sex, race, Hispanic origin, and employment status in February 1994
Percent distribution by employment status
Total(1)
Age, sex, race, and Hispanic origin (thousands)
Total Employed Unemployed Not in the
labor force
TOTAL
Total, 20 years and over............................... 4,553 100.0 67.8 19.1 13.1
20 to 24 years....................................... 156 100.0 63.6 24.4 12.1
25 to 54 years....................................... 3,602 100.0 72.8 18.7 8.5
55 to 64 years....................................... 623 100.0 53.1 22.2 24.7
65 years and over.................................... 172 100.0 20.0 12.2 67.8
Men
Total, 20 years and over............................... 2,666 100.0 71.2 20.1 8.6
20 to 24 years....................................... 79 100.0 58.8 35.5 5.7
25 to 54 years....................................... 2,138 100.0 75.7 19.4 4.9
55 to 64 years....................................... 390 100.0 56.7 21.4 21.9
65 years and over.................................... 58 100.0 (2) (2) (2)
Women
Total, 20 years and over............................... 1,887 100.0 63.0 17.7 19.3
20 to 24 years....................................... 77 100.0 68.4 12.9 18.6
25 to 54 years....................................... 1,464 100.0 68.6 17.7 13.7
55 to 64 years....................................... 233 100.0 47.1 23.4 29.5
65 years and over.................................... 113 100.0 19.5 9.3 71.2
White
Total, 20 years and over............................... 3,926 100.0 69.1 17.9 13.0
Men.................................................. 2,336 100.0 73.1 18.5 8.4
Women................................................ 1,591 100.0 63.4 17.0 19.6
Black
Total, 20 years and over............................... 437 100.0 60.7 26.4 12.9
Men.................................................. 224 100.0 57.9 32.9 9.2
Women................................................ 213 100.0 63.7 19.6 16.7
Hispanic origin
Total, 20 years and over............................... 367 100.0 55.4 30.4 14.2
Men.................................................. 248 100.0 57.7 34.0 8.4
Women................................................ 119 100.0 50.8 23.1 26.1
1 Data refer to persons who had 3 or more years of tenure on a job they had lost or left between January 1991 and
December 1993 because of plant or company closings or moves, insufficient work, or the abolishment of their positions
or shifts.
2 Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to totals because data for the "other
races" group are not presented and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups. Data on
displaced workers collected in the February 1994 supplement to the Current Population Survey (CPS) are not comparable
with those from earlier surveys because of a major redesign of the survey implemented in January 1994 and the
introduction of 1990 census-based population controls, adjusted for the estimated population undercount. In
addition, the displaced worker data reflect definitional changes, including the shortening of the reference period
used in identifying displacement from 5 to 3 years.
Table 2. Displaced workers by age, sex, race, Hispanic origin, and reason for job loss, February 1994
Percent distribution by reason for job loss
Total(1)
Age, sex, race, and Hispanic origin (thousands) Plant or Position or
Total company Insufficie- shift
closed down nt work abolished
or moved
TOTAL
Total, 20 years and over............................... 4,553 100.0 42.3 29.9 27.7
20 to 24 years....................................... 156 100.0 45.6 36.2 18.2
25 to 54 years....................................... 3,602 100.0 41.4 30.5 28.1
55 to 64 years....................................... 623 100.0 47.2 25.3 27.5
65 years and over.................................... 172 100.0 40.9 29.4 29.7
Men
Total, 20 years and over............................... 2,666 100.0 41.0 32.9 26.1
20 to 24 years....................................... 79 100.0 43.9 42.0 14.1
25 to 54 years....................................... 2,138 100.0 40.8 32.8 26.5
55 to 64 years....................................... 390 100.0 42.9 30.9 26.1
65 years and over.................................... 58 100.0 (2) (2) (2)
Women
Total, 20 years and over............................... 1,887 100.0 44.3 25.7 30.1
20 to 24 years....................................... 77 100.0 47.3 30.2 22.4
25 to 54 years....................................... 1,464 100.0 42.4 27.1 30.5
55 to 64 years....................................... 233 100.0 54.4 15.9 29.7
65 years and over.................................... 113 100.0 46.0 23.4 30.6
White
Total, 20 years and over............................... 3,926 100.0 41.2 30.3 28.5
Men.................................................. 2,336 100.0 40.2 33.2 26.6
Women................................................ 1,591 100.0 42.7 25.9 31.4
Black
Total, 20 years and over............................... 437 100.0 52.0 24.3 23.7
Men.................................................. 224 100.0 52.0 23.3 24.6
Women................................................ 213 100.0 52.0 25.3 22.7
Hispanic origin
Total, 20 years and over............................... 367 100.0 49.1 35.5 15.4
Men.................................................. 248 100.0 44.8 42.2 13.1
Women................................................ 119 100.0 58.0 21.7 20.2
1 Data refer to persons who had 3 or more years of tenure on a job they had lost or left between January 1991 and
December 1993 because of plant or company closings or moves, insufficient work, or the abolishment of their positions
or shifts.
2 Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to totals because data for the "other
races" group are not presented and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups. Data on
displaced workers collected in the February 1994 supplement to the Current Population Survey (CPS) are not comparable
with those from earlier surveys because of a major redesign of the survey implemented in January 1994 and the
introduction of 1990 census-based population controls, adjusted for the estimated population undercount. In
addition, the displaced worker data reflect definitional changes, including the shortening of the reference period
used in identifying displacement from 5 to 3 years.
Table 3. Displaced workers by whether they received written advance notice, reason for job loss, and employment
status in February 1994
Percent distribution by employment status
Total(1)
Characteristic (thousands)
Total Employed Unemployed Not in the
labor force
TOTAL
Total, 20 years and over(2)............................ 4,553 100.0 67.8 19.1 13.1
Received written advance notice...................... 1,893 100.0 68.4 19.6 12.1
Did not receive written advance notice............... 2,600 100.0 67.4 18.6 14.0
Plant or company closed down or moved
Total, 20 years and over(2)............................ 1,927 100.0 64.8 20.6 14.7
Received written advance notice...................... 978 100.0 65.4 20.0 14.6
Did not receive written advance notice............... 918 100.0 64.0 20.7 15.3
Insufficient work
Total, 20 years and over(2)............................ 1,363 100.0 67.0 19.9 13.0
Received written advance notice...................... 424 100.0 66.7 22.2 11.1
Did not receive written advance notice............... 923 100.0 67.5 18.6 14.0
Position or shift abolished
Total, 20 years and over(2)............................ 1,263 100.0 73.3 16.0 10.7
Received written advance notice...................... 491 100.0 75.7 16.4 7.9
Did not receive written advance notice............... 758 100.0 71.6 16.0 12.4
1 Data refer to persons who had 3 or more years of tenure on a job they had lost or left between January 1991 and
December 1993 because of plant or company closings or moves, insufficient work, or the abolishment of their positions
or shifts.
2 Includes a small number who did not report information on advance notice.
NOTE: Data on displaced workers collected in the February 1994 supplement to the Current Population Survey (CPS)
are not comparable with those from earlier surveys because of a major redesign of the survey implemented in January
1994 and the introduction of 1990 census-based population controls, adjusted for the estimated population undercount.
In addition, the displaced worker data reflect definitional changes, including the shortening of the reference
period used in identifying displacement from 5 to 3 years.
Table 4. Displaced workers by industry and class of worker of lost job and employment status in February 1994
Percent distribution by employment status
Total(1)
Industry and class of worker of lost job (thousands)
Total Employed Unemployed Not in the
labor force
Total, 20 years and over(2)......................... 4,553 100.0 67.8 19.1 13.1
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers.......... 4,210 100.0 67.7 19.1 13.2
Mining................................................. 54 100.0 (3) (3) (3)
Construction........................................... 339 100.0 72.0 14.6 13.4
Manufacturing.......................................... 1,524 100.0 62.9 22.2 14.9
Durable goods........................................ 1,036 100.0 63.8 22.2 14.0
Lumber and wood products........................... 46 100.0 (3) (3) (3)
Furniture and fixtures............................. 36 100.0 (3) (3) (3)
Stone, clay, and glass products.................... 27 100.0 (3) (3) (3)
Primary metal industries........................... 70 100.0 (3) (3) (3)
Fabricated metal products.......................... 98 100.0 60.9 24.3 14.7
Machinery, except electrical....................... 232 100.0 69.0 20.0 11.0
Electrical machinery............................... 185 100.0 68.8 11.1 20.1
Transportation equipment........................... 240 100.0 64.4 23.6 12.0
Automobiles...................................... 63 100.0 (3) (3) (3)
Other transportation equipment................... 177 100.0 57.7 29.9 12.4
Professional and photographic equipment............ 50 100.0 (3) (3) (3)
Other durable goods industries..................... 50 100.0 (3) (3) (3)
Nondurable goods..................................... 488 100.0 61.1 22.2 16.8
Food and kindred products.......................... 71 100.0 (3) (3) (3)
Textile mill products.............................. 37 100.0 (3) (3) (3)
Apparel and other finished textile products........ 96 100.0 53.7 20.3 26.0
Paper and allied products.......................... 29 100.0 (3) (3) (3)
Printing and publishing............................ 115 100.0 67.6 12.7 19.7
Chemical and allied products....................... 63 100.0 (3) (3) (3)
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products......... 51 100.0 (3) (3) (3)
Other nondurable goods industries.................. 25 100.0 (3) (3) (3)
Transportation and public utilities.................... 287 100.0 74.8 14.1 11.2
Transportation....................................... 181 100.0 80.5 11.8 7.7
Communications and other public utilities............ 106 100.0 65.0 17.9 17.1
Wholesale and retail trade............................. 898 100.0 65.7 20.5 13.8
Wholesale trade...................................... 290 100.0 65.6 23.1 11.3
Retail trade......................................... 608 100.0 65.8 19.2 15.1
Finance, insurance, and real estate.................... 369 100.0 76.1 12.4 11.5
Services............................................... 738 100.0 70.4 18.7 10.9
Professional services................................ 390 100.0 72.1 19.4 8.5
Other service industries............................. 348 100.0 68.5 17.9 13.6
Agricultural wage and salary workers..................... 73 100.0 (3) (3) (3)
Government workers....................................... 240 100.0 75.5 15.2 9.4
1 Data refer to persons who had 3 or more years of tenure on a job they had lost or left between January 1991 and
December 1993 because of plant or company closings or moves, insufficient work, or the abolishment of their positions
or shifts.
2 Total includes a small number of unpaid family workers and persons who did not report industry or class of
worker.
3 Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
NOTE: Data on displaced workers collected in the February 1994 supplement to the Current Population Survey (CPS)
are not comparable with those from earlier surveys because of a major redesign of the survey implemented in January
1994 and the introduction of 1990 census-based population controls, adjusted for the estimated population undercount.
In addition, the displaced worker data reflect definitional changes, including the shortening of the reference
period used in identifying displacement from 5 to 3 years.
Table 5. Displaced workers by occupation of lost job and employment status in February 1994
Occupation of lost job Total(1) Total Employed Unemployed Not in the
(thousands) labor force
Total, 20 years and over(2).................. 4,553 100.0 67.8 19.1 13.1
Managerial and professional specialty............. 1,236 100.0 73.1 16.1 10.8
Executive, administrative, and managerial....... 827 100.0 73.3 16.1 10.7
Professional specialty.......................... 409 100.0 72.8 16.0 11.1
Technical, sales, and administrative support...... 1,360 100.0 69.9 16.8 13.3
Technicians and related support................. 165 100.0 62.4 27.5 10.1
Sales occupations............................... 462 100.0 72.6 14.2 13.2
Administrative support, including clerical...... 734 100.0 70.0 16.0 14.0
Service occupations............................... 272 100.0 61.4 24.8 13.9
Precision production, craft, and repair........... 690 100.0 68.5 19.0 12.5
Mechanics and repairers......................... 177 100.0 71.6 19.6 8.8
Construction trades............................. 237 100.0 71.6 15.9 12.5
Other precision production, craft, and repair... 276 100.0 63.8 21.4 14.8
Operators, fabricators, and laborers.............. 874 100.0 59.1 24.3 16.6
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors... 504 100.0 58.4 23.3 18.3
Transportation and material moving occupations.. 205 100.0 67.7 22.6 9.7
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and
laborers....................................... 164 100.0 50.5 29.4 20.1
Farming, forestry, and fishing.................... 69 100.0 (3) (3) (3)
1 Data refer to persons who had 3 or more years of tenure on a job they had lost or left between January
1991 and December 1993 because of plant or company closings or moves, insufficient work, or the abolishment of
their positions or shifts.
2 Total includes a small number who did not report occupation.
3 Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
NOTE: Data on displaced workers collected in the February 1994 supplement to the Current Population Survey
(CPS) are not comparable with those from earlier surveys because of a major redesign of the survey implemented
in January 1994 and the introduction of 1990 census-based population controls, adjusted for the estimated
population undercount. In addition, the displaced worker data reflect definitional changes, including the
shortening of the reference period used in identifying displacement from 5 to 3 years.
Table 6. Displaced workers by selected characteristics and area of residence in February 1994
(Numbers in thousands)
Total(1) New Middle East West South East West
Characteristic (thousand- England Atlant- North North Atlant- South South Mountain Pacific
s) ic Central Central ic Central Central
Workers who lost jobs
Total, 20 years and over........... 4,553 328 750 735 274 745 188 403 220 909
Men.............................. 2,666 180 451 450 144 393 114 237 138 557
Women............................ 1,887 147 299 284 130 352 74 166 82 352
Reason for job loss
Plant or company closed down or
moved........................... 1,927 109 322 320 98 328 106 182 84 380
Insufficient work................ 1,363 119 221 202 75 213 54 90 57 331
Position or shift abolished...... 1,263 100 208 213 101 204 28 132 78 198
Industry of lost job
Construction..................... 345 30 54 46 4 83 13 18 24 72
Manufacturing.................... 1,545 115 246 295 101 179 81 121 61 345
Durable goods.................. 1,054 77 144 219 71 100 42 84 51 267
Nondurable goods............... 491 39 102 77 30 79 39 37 10 78
Transportation and public
utilities....................... 296 22 53 42 24 58 1 32 23 40
Wholesale and retail trade....... 900 55 136 130 75 162 39 96 42 165
Finance, insurance, and real
estate.......................... 381 31 82 44 14 75 15 42 10 68
Services......................... 840 63 152 154 44 153 19 59 33 163
Professional services.......... 479 31 82 97 30 84 11 34 22 89
Other service industries....... 361 32 71 57 14 69 8 25 11 74
Public administration............ 59 7 5 6 5 12 - 1 3 19
Other industries(2).............. 187 3 22 17 7 23 20 34 24 37
Employment status
in February 1994
Employed......................... 3,088 228 447 528 207 529 131 273 173 572
Unemployed....................... 870 61 174 114 34 113 37 86 23 228
Percent less than 5 weeks...... 14.2 (3) 11.4 12.5 (3) 14.1 (3) 16.0 (3) 9.4
Percent 27 weeks or more....... 31.0 (3) 37.0 33.5 (3) 24.3 (3) 21.9 (3) 37.3
Not in the labor force........... 595 39 130 93 33 103 20 44 24 109
1 Data refer to persons who had 3 or more years of tenure on a job they had lost or left between January 1991 and
December 1993 because of plant or company closings or moves, insufficient work, or the abolishment of their positions or
shifts.
2 Includes a small number who did not report industry.
3 Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
NOTE: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont compose the New England Division;
New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania compose the Middle Atlantic Division; Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and
Wisconsin compose the East North Central Division; Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South
Dakota compose the West North Central Division; Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Maryland, North
Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia compose the South Atlantic Division; Alabama, Kentucky,
Mississippi, and Tennessee compose the East South Central Division; Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas compose the
West South Central Division; Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming compose the
Mountain Division; Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington compose the Pacific Division. Data on displaced
workers collected in the February 1994 supplement to the Current Population Survey (CPS) are not comparable with those
from earlier surveys because of a major redesign of the survey implemented in January 1994 and the introduction of 1990
census-based population controls, adjusted for the estimated population undercount. In addition, the displaced worker
data reflect definitional changes, including the shortening of the reference period used in identifying displacement
from 5 to 3 years. Dash represents zero.
Table 7. Displaced workers who lost full-time wage and salary jobs(1) and were reemployed in February 1994 by
industry of lost job and characteristics of new job
(In thousands)
Reemployed in February 1994
Wage and salary workers
Full time
Self-
Industry of lost job employed
Total Earnings relative to those of lost job and
Part unpaid
time family
Total(- 20 Below, Equal or 20 workers
2) percent but above, percent
or more within 20 but or more
below percent within 20 above
percent
Total who lost full-time wage and salary
jobs..................................... 2,820 310 2,216 667 365 582 381 294
Construction.............................. 238 10 187 66 27 62 23 42
Manufacturing............................. 944 97 779 257 136 195 120 69
Durable goods(3)........................ 659 56 549 189 94 137 79 53
Primary metal industries.............. 30 1 26 16 2 3 4 3
Steel(4)............................ 20 - 19 15 - - 2 2
Other primary metals................ 9 1 7 1 2 3 2 1
Fabricated metal products............. 60 - 58 17 8 20 9 2
Machinery, except electrical.......... 159 18 125 42 25 25 26 16
Electrical machinery.................. 126 12 111 33 20 32 16 3
Transportation equipment.............. 159 18 123 51 22 25 7 18
Automobiles......................... 52 3 39 10 9 14 5 10
Other transportation equipment...... 107 15 84 41 13 11 2 8
Nondurable goods........................ 286 41 229 68 42 57 41 16
Transportation and public utilities....... 199 16 167 57 23 36 30 16
Wholesale and retail trade................ 508 70 398 122 67 89 78 40
Finance, insurance, and real estate....... 278 26 215 56 33 60 34 37
Services.................................. 507 79 353 85 62 106 70 75
Professional services................... 287 36 216 54 45 66 38 36
Other service industries................ 219 43 137 30 17 39 33 39
Public administration..................... 36 ± 33 3 5 13 5 2
Other industries(5)....................... 110 12 85 21 11 22 20 13
1 Data refer to persons who had 3 or more years of tenure on a full-time wage and salary job they had lost or left
between January 1991 and December 1993 because of plant or company closings or moves, insufficient work, or the
abolishment of their positions or shifts.
2 Includes about 221,000 persons who did not report earnings on lost job.
3 Includes other industries, not shown separately
4 Includes blast furnaces, steelworks, rolling and finishing mills, and iron and steel furnaces.
5 Includes a small number who did not report industry.
NOTE: Data on displaced workers collected in the February 1994 supplement to the Current Population Survey (CPS)
are not comparable with those from earlier surveys because of a major redesign of the survey implemented in January
1994 and the introduction of 1990 census-based population controls, adjusted for the estimated population undercount.
In addition, the displaced worker data reflect definitional changes, including the shortening of the reference period
used in identifying displacement from 5 to 3 years. Dash represents zero.
Table 8. Total displaced workers by selected characteristics and employment status in February 1994
Percent distribution by employment status
Total(1)
Characteristic (thousands)
Total Employed Unemployed Not in the
labor force
Workers who lost job
Total, 20 years and over..................... 9,193 100.0 66.4 20.6 13.0
20 to 24 years............................. 1,072 100.0 63.2 23.0 13.8
25 to 54 years............................. 7,046 100.0 70.0 20.4 9.5
55 to 64 years............................. 843 100.0 53.2 20.2 26.6
65 years and over.......................... 231 100.0 20.7 14.7 64.6
Men........................................ 5,400 100.0 69.4 22.1 8.5
20 to 24 years........................... 633 100.0 63.5 27.9 8.6
25 to 54 years........................... 4,160 100.0 73.1 21.5 5.5
55 to 64 years........................... 516 100.0 56.0 20.4 23.7
65 years and over........................ 92 100.0 18.5 18.1 63.4
Women...................................... 3,792 100.0 62.3 18.4 19.3
20 to 24 years........................... 440 100.0 62.7 16.0 21.3
25 to 54 years........................... 2,887 100.0 65.7 18.9 15.4
55 to 64 years........................... 326 100.0 48.8 20.0 31.2
65 years and over........................ 140 100.0 22.1 12.5 65.4
White...................................... 7,781 100.0 68.1 19.4 12.5
Black...................................... 989 100.0 55.8 28.6 15.6
Hispanic origin............................ 930 100.0 58.6 28.3 13.1
Reason for job loss
Plant or company closed down or moved...... 3,597 100.0 67.2 18.5 14.4
Insufficient work.......................... 3,399 100.0 63.1 24.7 12.2
Position or shift abolished................ 2,196 100.0 70.5 17.6 11.9
Occupation and industry of lost job(2)
Managerial and professional specialty...... 1,936 100.0 73.3 15.9 10.8
Technical, sales, and administrative
support................................. 2,750 100.0 68.3 17.3 14.4
Service occupations........................ 871 100.0 61.0 22.3 16.8
Precision production, craft, and repair.... 1,434 100.0 67.4 23.5 9.1
Operators, fabricators, and laborers....... 1,886 100.0 60.7 25.3 14.0
Farming, forestry, and fishing............. 151 100.0 50.0 34.9 15.2
Nonagricultural private wage and salary
workers................................. 8,480 100.0 66.8 20.3 13.0
Mining................................... 101 100.0 77.1 14.7 8.2
Construction............................. 891 100.0 65.4 24.2 10.5
Manufacturing............................ 2,507 100.0 63.4 23.0 13.6
Durable goods.......................... 1,631 100.0 65.7 21.4 12.9
Nondurable goods....................... 876 100.0 59.1 26.0 14.9
Transportation and public utilities...... 543 100.0 73.8 16.3 9.9
Wholesale and retail trade............... 2,056 100.0 66.0 19.5 14.5
Wholesale trade........................ 501 100.0 70.5 18.5 11.0
Retail trade........................... 1,556 100.0 64.6 19.8 15.6
Finance, insurance, and real estate...... 603 100.0 75.0 13.1 11.9
Services................................. 1,779 100.0 67.6 19.2 13.2
Agricultural wage and salary workers....... 139 100.0 52.5 32.0 15.5
Government workers......................... 439 100.0 70.4 18.5 11.0
1 Data refer to all persons (regardless of years of tenure on lost job) who had lost or left a job
between January 1991 and December 1993 because of plant or company closings or moves, insufficient
work, or the abolishment of their positions or shifts.
2 Total includes a small number of unpaid family workers and persons who did not report occupation
or industry.
NOTE: See NOTE, table 1.
United States Department of Labor
