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Technical information: (202) 691-6378 USDL 08-1183 http://www.bls.gov/cps/ For release: 10:00 A.M. (EDT) Media contact: (202) 691-5902 Wednesday, August 20, 2008 WORKER DISPLACEMENT, 2005-2007 From January 2005 through December 2007, 3.6 million workers were dis- placed from jobs they had held for at least 3 years, the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor reported today. The number of displaced workers was about the same as the level (3.8 million) recorded in the previous survey that covered the period from January 2003 to December 2005. (The Worker Displacement 2003-2005 news release is available online at http://www.bls.gov/news.release/archives/disp_08172006.pdf.) Since 1984, the Employment and Training Administration of the U.S. Depart- ment of Labor has sponsored surveys that collect information on workers who were displaced from their jobs. These surveys have been conducted biennially as supplements to the Current Population Survey (CPS), a monthly survey of households that is the primary source of information on the nation's labor force. Displaced workers are defined as persons 20 years of age and older who lost or left jobs because their plant or company closed or moved, there was insufficient work for them to do, or their position or shift was abolished. The period covered in this study was 2005-07, the 3 calendar years prior to the January 2008 survey date. The following analysis focuses primarily on the 3.6 million persons who had worked for their employer for 3 or more years at the time of displacement (referred to as long-tenured). An additional 4.6 million persons were displaced from jobs they had held for less than 3 years (referred to as short-tenured). Combining the short- and long-tenured groups, the number of displaced workers totaled 8.3 million from 2005-07, about un- changed from the period covered by the prior survey (2003-05). Results from the January 2008 survey included the following highlights: --Two-thirds of long-tenured displaced workers were reemployed at the time of the survey, down from the prior survey. --About 45 percent of long-tenured displaced workers cited plant or company closings or moves as the reason for their displacement. --Forty-three percent of displaced workers who had worked for their employer for 3 or more years had received written advance notifica- tion that their jobs would be terminated. --Nearly 1 in 4 long-tenured displaced workers lost a job in manufacturing. --Fifty-five percent of long-tenured workers who were displaced from full-time wage and salary jobs and who were reemployed in such jobs had earnings that were as much or more than those on the lost job. One-quarter, however, experienced earnings losses of 20 percent or more. Characteristics of the Reemployed Sixty-seven percent of the 3.6 million long-tenured displaced workers were reemployed when surveyed in January 2008, down from the proportion in the January 2006 survey--70 percent. The proportion unemployed at the time of the most recent survey, 18 percent, was higher than the proportion found in January 2006 (13 percent). Fifteen percent of long-tenured displaced workers were not in the labor force in January 2008. (See table 1.) - 2 - Reemployment rates for workers ages 20 to 24 and 25 to 54 were 68 and 73 percent, respectively. Reemployment rates for older workers--ages 55 to 64 and 65 years and over--were 61 and 18 percent, respectively. Among those age 65 years and over, 69 percent were no longer in the labor force when surveyed. Among the displaced, men were more likely than women to have found a new job at the time of the survey in January 2008. The reemployment rate for men (70 percent) declined from the prior survey and the rate for women (64 percent) was little changed. However, displaced men and women had a similar likelihood of being unemployed; 19 and 17 percent, respectively. The share of displaced women who had left the labor force, about 20 percent, was nearly twice that for men--11 percent. In January 2008, the reemployment rates for long-tenured displaced whites (68 percent) and Asians (67 percent) were little changed from the rates recorded in the January 2006 survey, while the rate for blacks (59 percent) declined. The re- employment rate for Hispanics edged up to 68 percent in January 2008. Reason for Job Loss and Receipt of Advance Notice Of the 3.6 million long-tenured workers displaced during the January 2005 through December 2007 period, 45 percent lost or left their jobs due to plant or company closings or moves, 31 percent reported that their position or shift was abolished, and 24 percent cited insufficient work as the reason for being displaced. (See table 2.) The proportion of displaced workers citing plant closings or moves decreased from the prior survey and the share reporting insuf- ficient work or an abolished shift or position was about unchanged. More than 4 in 10 long-tenured displaced workers in the January 2008 survey had received written advance notice that their jobs would be terminated, similar to the proportion in the prior survey. Workers who lost jobs due to plant or company closings or moves were most likely to receive written advance notice. Of this group, 54 percent received such notice. In contrast, 39 percent of workers who were displaced because their position or shift was abolished and 29 percent of those who lost jobs due to insufficient work were notified in advance. For each of these groups, however, receipt of written advance notice had little impact on the likelihood of being reemployed at the time of the survey in January 2008. (See table 3.) Industry and Occupation As was the case in prior surveys, manufacturing accounted for a disproportion- ately large share of displaced workers. During the 2005-07 period, 876,000 fac- tory workers were displaced from their jobs--24 percent of all long-tenured dis- placed workers. Manufacturing displacements were again concentrated within the durable goods component (566,000), particularly in transportation equipment and in computers and electronic products. Workers in financial activities (387,000) made up about 11 percent of all long-tenured displaced. (See table 4.) The reemployment rates for workers displaced from construction (65 percent),fi- nancial activities (65 percent), and manufacturing (64 percent) were about the same as the overall reemployment rate for displaced workers (67 percent). (Workers were not necessarily reemployed in the same industries from which they were displaced.) By comparison, reemployment rates for workers displaced from jobs in education and health services (75 percent), professional and business services (74 percent), and transportation and utilities (73 percent) were above the overall reemployment rate. In the January 2008 survey, workers displaced from managerial, professional, and related occupations accounted for 32 percent of all long-tenured displaced workers. Sales and office occupations comprised about 27 percent of the long-tenured worker displacements. Workers in production, transportation, and material moving jobs made up about one-fifth of the long-tenured displaced. (See table 5.) - 3 - Geographic Divisions Compared to the prior survey period, the number of long-tenured workers displaced during 2005-07 was lower in the East South Central and higher in the Middle Atlantic geographic divisions of the United States. In January 2008, those residing in the Mountain and New England divisions had the highest reemployment rates; about three- quarters of the displaced in each of these divisions were reemployed at the time of the survey. About one-quarter of displaced manufacturing workers lived in the East North Central division. (See table 6.) Earnings Of the 2.2 million reemployed displaced workers who lost full-time wage and salary jobs during the 2005-07 period, 1.7 million had found new full-time wage and salary jobs by January 2008. Of these reemployed full-time workers who reported earnings on their lost job, 55 percent were earning as much or more than they did prior to displacement; the proportion was 51 percent in the January 2006 survey. In the most recent survey, 25 percent reported earnings losses of 20 percent or more, down from 29 percent in the previous survey. (See table 7.) Total Displaced Workers (With No Tenure Restriction) The total number of workers displaced between January 2005 and December 2007 (re- gardless of how long they had held their jobs) was 8.3 million, little different from the total number in the previous survey period. Of the total number of workers who lost jobs over the 2005-07 period, 67 percent had found new jobs and 19 percent were unemployed in January 2008. In the January 2006 survey, 68 percent of the total dis- placed were reemployed and 16 percent were unemployed. (See table 8.) In January 2008, short-tenured displaced workers were somewhat more likely than their long-tenured counterparts to be young and to have lost jobs in construction and in professional and business services. ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | Imputed Data for Older Veterans | | | | Due to a programming error in the January 2008 survey instrument, | |displacement information was not obtained from respondents who were | |veterans age 65 and over. Missing data for these individuals were | |imputed using information collected from respondents who were veterans| |age 65 and over in the January 2006 Displaced Worker Supplement. This| |imputation had minimal effect on the overall estimates because older | |veterans make up a relatively small share of the displaced and because| |of the similar employment characteristics of veterans age 65 and over | |in January 2006 and January 2008. | | | ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- 4 - Technical Note The data presented in this release were collected through a supplement to the January 2008 Current Population Survey (CPS), the monthly survey of about 60,000 households that provides the basic data on employment and un- employment for the nation. The CPS is conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). The purpose of this supplement was to obtain information on the number and characteristics of persons who had been displaced (as defined below) from their jobs over the prior 3 calen- dar years. Data presented in this release are based on Census 2000 population con- trols that are updated annually in January. For additional information, see "Population control adjustments to the CPS" available on the Internet at http://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#pop. Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired in- dividuals upon request. Voice phone: (202)691-5200; TDD message referral phone number: 1-800-877-8339. Reliability of the estimates Statistics based on the CPS are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample, rather than the entire population, is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the "true" population values they represent. The exact difference, or sampling error, varies de- pending on the particular sample selected, and this variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard errors from the "true" population value because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence. The CPS data also are affected by nonsampling error. Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the pop- ulation, inability to obtain information for all respondents in the sample, in- ability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information, and errors made in the collection or processing of the data. For a full discussion of the reliability of data from the CPS and informa- tion on estimating standard errors, see "Reliability of estimates from the CPS" available online at: http://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#reliability. Concepts The first question asked of survey respondents to the CPS supplement was, "During the last 3 calendar years, that is, January 2005 through December 2007, did (you/name) lose a job or leave one because: (your/his/her) plant or com- pany closed or moved, (your/his/her) position or shift was abolished, there was insufficient work, or another similar reason?" If the answer to that question was "yes," then the respondent was asked to identify which reason, among the fol- lowing, best described the reason for the job loss: Plant or company closed down or moved Plant or company operating but lost or left job because of: Insufficient work Position or shift abolished Seasonal job completed Self-operated business failed Some other reason - 5 - Respondents who provided one of the first three reasons--plant or company closed or moved, insufficient work, or position or shift abolished--were then asked ques- tions about the lost job, including how many years it had been held; the year the job was lost; its earnings, industry, and occupation; and whether health insurance had been provided. Other questions were asked to determine what transpired before and after the job loss, such as: Was the respondent notified of the upcoming dis- missal? How long did he/she go without work? Did he/she receive unemployment ben- efits? And, if so, were the benefits used up? Did the person move to another lo- cation after the job loss to take or look for another job? Information also was collected about current health insurance coverage (other than Medicare and Medicaid) and current earnings for those employed in January 2008.
Table 1. Displaced workers (1) by age, sex, race, Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, and employment status in January 2008 Percent distribution by employment status Age, sex, race, and Hispanic Total or Latino ethnicity (thousands) Total Employed Unemployed Not in the labor force TOTAL Total, 20 years and over....... 3,641 100.0 67.1 18.0 15.0 20 to 24 years..................... 127 100.0 67.5 22.8 9.7 25 to 54 years..................... 2,602 100.0 72.6 17.4 10.0 55 to 64 years..................... 708 100.0 60.8 20.7 18.5 65 years and over.................. 204 100.0 18.4 12.6 69.0 Men Total, 20 years and over....... 2,024 100.0 69.9 18.8 11.2 20 to 24 years..................... 75 100.0 66.4 22.5 11.1 25 to 54 years..................... 1,490 100.0 74.4 19.1 6.5 55 to 64 years..................... 356 100.0 68.0 17.9 14.0 65 years and over.................. 103 100.0 14.4 15.4 70.2 Women Total, 20 years and over....... 1,617 100.0 63.5 16.9 19.6 20 to 24 years..................... 53 100.0 (2) (2) (2) 25 to 54 years..................... 1,112 100.0 70.1 15.1 14.8 55 to 64 years..................... 352 100.0 53.4 23.6 23.0 65 years and over.................. 101 100.0 22.4 9.8 67.8 White Total, 20 years and over....... 3,032 100.0 67.9 16.8 15.3 Men................................ 1,684 100.0 70.8 18.2 11.0 Women.............................. 1,348 100.0 64.4 14.9 20.7 Black or African American Total, 20 years and over....... 408 100.0 58.6 28.2 13.3 Men................................ 221 100.0 60.5 25.7 13.8 Women.............................. 187 100.0 56.3 31.1 12.6 Asian Total, 20 years and over....... 122 100.0 67.3 11.7 21.0 Men................................ 65 100.0 (2) (2) (2) Women.............................. 57 100.0 (2) (2) (2) Hispanic or Latino ethnicity Total, 20 years and over....... 423 100.0 68.4 17.4 14.1 Men................................ 270 100.0 70.1 23.4 6.6 Women.............................. 153 100.0 65.5 6.9 27.6 1 Data refer to persons who had 3 or more years of tenure on a job they had lost or left between January 2005 and December 2007 because of plant or company closings or moves, insufficient work, or the abolishment of their positions or shifts. 2 Data not shown where base is less than 75,000. NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups (white, black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race.
Table 2. Displaced workers (1) by age, sex, race, Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, and reason for job loss, January 2008 Percent distribution by reason for job loss Age, sex, race, and Hispanic Total or Latino ethnicity (thousands) Plant or Position or Total company Insufficient shift closed down work abolished or moved TOTAL Total, 20 years and over................ 3,641 100.0 45.3 23.9 30.8 20 to 24 years.............................. 127 100.0 42.4 39.8 17.7 25 to 54 years.............................. 2,602 100.0 44.8 25.2 30.0 55 to 64 years.............................. 708 100.0 45.7 17.6 36.7 65 years and over........................... 204 100.0 52.2 19.2 28.5 Men Total, 20 years and over................ 2,024 100.0 43.6 27.9 28.5 20 to 24 years.............................. 75 100.0 34.2 52.6 13.2 25 to 54 years.............................. 1,490 100.0 42.0 29.1 28.9 55 to 64 years.............................. 356 100.0 49.7 18.7 31.6 65 years and over........................... 103 100.0 52.3 24.3 23.4 Women Total, 20 years and over................ 1,617 100.0 47.4 19.0 33.6 20 to 24 years.............................. 53 100.0 (2) (2) (2) 25 to 54 years.............................. 1,112 100.0 48.5 20.1 31.4 55 to 64 years.............................. 352 100.0 41.6 16.5 41.9 65 years and over........................... 101 100.0 52.2 14.1 33.8 White Total, 20 years and over................ 3,032 100.0 45.4 23.5 31.1 Men......................................... 1,684 100.0 43.5 27.8 28.7 Women....................................... 1,348 100.0 47.9 18.1 34.1 Black or African American Total, 20 years and over................ 408 100.0 46.6 26.9 26.4 Men......................................... 221 100.0 41.8 31.0 27.2 Women....................................... 187 100.0 52.4 22.1 25.5 Asian Total, 20 years and over................ 122 100.0 44.7 15.7 39.5 Men......................................... 65 100.0 (2) (2) (2) Women....................................... 57 100.0 (2) (2) (2) Hispanic or Latino ethnicity Total, 20 years and over................ 423 100.0 43.5 39.5 17.0 Men......................................... 270 100.0 41.0 47.5 11.5 Women....................................... 153 100.0 47.9 25.4 26.6 1 Data refer to persons who had 3 or more years of tenure on a job they had lost or left between January 2005 and December 2007 because of plant or company closings or moves, insufficient work, or the abolishment of their positions or shifts. 2 Data not shown where base is less than 75,000. NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups (white, black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race.
Table 3. Displaced workers (1) by whether they received written advance notice, reason for job loss, and employment status in January 2008 Percent distribution by employment status Total Characteristic (thousands) Total Employed Unemployed Not in the labor force TOTAL Total, 20 years and over (2)......................... 3,641 100.0 67.1 18.0 15.0 Received written advance notice.......................... 1,581 100.0 68.8 17.2 14.0 Did not receive written advance notice................... 2,009 100.0 65.8 18.6 15.6 Plant or company closed down or moved Total, 20 years and over (2)......................... 1,648 100.0 70.0 13.5 16.5 Received written advance notice.......................... 892 100.0 71.2 13.1 15.6 Did not receive written advance notice................... 740 100.0 68.2 14.2 17.6 Insufficient work Total, 20 years and over (2)......................... 871 100.0 59.7 27.8 12.5 Received written advance notice.......................... 252 100.0 56.0 29.1 15.0 Did not receive written advance notice................... 610 100.0 61.4 26.9 11.7 Position or shift abolished Total, 20 years and over (2)......................... 1,121 100.0 68.6 16.9 14.5 Received written advance notice.......................... 437 100.0 71.2 18.6 10.2 Did not receive written advance notice................... 658 100.0 67.0 16.0 17.0 1 Data refer to persons who had 3 or more years of tenure on a job they had lost or left between January 2005 and December 2007 because of plant or company closings or moves, insufficient work, or the abolishment of their positions or shifts. 2 Includes a small number who did not report information on advance notice.
Table 4. Displaced workers (1) by industry and class of worker of lost job and employment status in January 2008 Percent distribution by employment status Total Industry and class of worker of lost job (thousands) Total Employed Unemployed Not in the labor force Total, 20 years and over (2)........................ 3,641 100.0 67.1 18.0 15.0 Agriculture and related industries wage and salary workers................................................. 19 100.0 (3) (3) (3) Nonagricultural industries wage and salary workers....... 3,595 100.0 67.2 18.0 14.9 Private nonagricultural wage and salary workers........ 3,484 100.0 66.9 18.1 15.0 Mining........................................... 9 100.0 (3) (3) (3) Construction..................................... 284 100.0 64.8 28.6 6.5 Manufacturing.................................... 876 100.0 64.3 18.2 17.4 Durable goods manufacturing ................ 566 100.0 65.5 16.6 17.8 Primary metals and fabricated metal products............................... 57 100.0 (3) (3) (3) Machinery manufacturing................. 61 100.0 (3) (3) (3) Computers and electronic products....... 107 100.0 66.7 12.6 20.7 Electrical equipment and appliances..... 25 100.0 (3) (3) (3) Transportation equipment................ 134 100.0 64.9 19.0 16.1 Miscellaneous manufacturing............. 77 100.0 63.3 13.5 23.2 Other durable goods industries.......... 104 100.0 69.9 9.9 20.2 Nondurable goods manufacturing ............. 310 100.0 62.2 21.1 16.7 Food manufacturing...................... 32 100.0 (3) (3) (3) Textiles, apparel, and leather.......... 74 100.0 (3) (3) (3) Paper and printing...................... 91 100.0 63.8 26.9 9.3 Other nondurable goods industries....... 113 100.0 68.3 14.9 16.8 Wholesale and retail trade....................... 545 100.0 61.1 19.7 19.3 Wholesale trade............................. 134 100.0 66.1 12.9 21.0 Retail trade................................ 411 100.0 59.4 21.9 18.7 Transportation and utilities (4)................. 157 100.0 72.9 11.6 15.5 Transportation and warehousing.............. 131 100.0 70.9 12.9 16.2 Information (4).................................. 177 100.0 69.9 21.4 8.7 Telecommunications.......................... 72 100.0 (3) (3) (3) Financial activities............................. 387 100.0 65.2 22.4 12.4 Finance and insurance....................... 313 100.0 63.2 25.2 11.6 Finance................................. 228 100.0 60.4 29.8 9.8 Insurance............................... 86 100.0 70.6 13.0 16.4 Real estate and rental and leasing.......... 73 100.0 (3) (3) (3) Professional and business services............... 309 100.0 73.7 14.4 11.9 Professional and technical services......... 198 100.0 69.3 15.9 14.7 Management, administrative, and waste services................................... 112 100.0 81.5 11.6 6.9 Education and health services.................... 306 100.0 74.5 8.1 17.4 Educational services........................ 54 100.0 (3) (3) (3) Health care and social assistance (4)....... 252 100.0 73.6 7.7 18.8 Hospitals............................... 64 100.0 (3) (3) (3) Health services, except hospitals....... 157 100.0 77.3 10.1 12.6 Leisure and hospitality (4)...................... 251 100.0 68.4 18.0 13.6 Accommodation and food services (4)......... 215 100.0 70.4 16.9 12.7 Food services and drinking places....... 169 100.0 74.3 13.6 12.1 Other services................................... 180 100.0 72.6 11.0 16.3 Government workers..................................... 111 100.0 74.9 13.3 11.7 1 Data refer to persons who had 3 or more years of tenure on a job they had lost or left between January 2005 and December 2007 because of plant or company closings or moves, insufficient work, or the abolishment of their positions or shifts. 2 Total includes a small number of unpaid family workers and persons who did not report industry or class of worker. 3 Data not shown where base is less than 75,000. 4 Includes other industries, not shown separately.
Table 5. Displaced workers (1) by occupation of lost job and employment status in January 2008 Percent distribution by employment status Total Occupation of lost job (thousands) Total Employed Unemployed Not in the labor force Total, 20 years and over (2).................. 3,641 100.0 67.1 18.0 15.0 Management, professional, and related occupations. 1,147 100.0 68.6 19.1 12.2 Management, business, and financial operations occupations.................................... 605 100.0 64.2 23.1 12.7 Professional and related occupations............ 542 100.0 73.5 14.7 11.7 Service occupations............................... 319 100.0 70.1 12.6 17.3 Sales and office occupations...................... 987 100.0 65.0 16.1 18.8 Sales and related occupations................... 413 100.0 68.6 13.8 17.6 Office and administrative support occupations... 574 100.0 62.5 17.8 19.7 Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations...................................... 415 100.0 69.1 21.2 9.6 Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations...... 21 100.0 (3) (3) (3) Construction and extraction occupations......... 218 100.0 63.3 31.7 5.0 Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations.................................... 176 100.0 75.1 10.0 14.9 Production, transportation, and material moving occupations...................................... 746 100.0 65.1 18.8 16.1 Production occupations.......................... 536 100.0 64.5 20.0 15.4 Transportation and material moving occupations.. 210 100.0 66.5 15.6 17.8 1 Data refer to persons who had 3 or more years of tenure on a job they had lost or left between January 2005 and December 2007 because of plant or company closings or moves, insufficient work, or the abolishment of their positions or shifts. 2 Total includes a small number who did not report occupation. 3 Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
Table 6. Displaced workers (1) by selected characteristics and area of residence in January 2008 (In thousands) New Middle East West South East West Characteristic Total England Atlantic North North Atlantic South South Mountain Pacific Central Central Central Central Workers who lost jobs Total, 20 years and over......... 3,641 184 519 775 301 613 168 304 213 564 Men.................................. 2,024 107 257 445 153 354 101 174 145 288 Women................................ 1,617 76 262 330 148 259 68 130 68 276 Reason for job loss Plant or company closed down or moved............................... 1,648 84 267 347 138 294 73 103 83 262 Insufficient work.................... 871 46 114 157 55 130 49 75 78 167 Position or shift abolished.......... 1,121 53 138 272 108 189 47 127 52 135 Industry and class of worker of lost job (2) Agriculture and related industries wage and salary workers............. 19 2 - 4 3 2 - 6 1 3 Nonagricultural industries wage and salary workers...................... 3,595 178 519 762 296 605 168 298 212 557 Private nonagricultural wage and salary workers.................... 3,484 175 512 735 285 587 163 285 206 536 Mining....................... 9 - - 6 - - - 3 - - Construction................. 284 7 32 45 23 41 4 28 26 78 Manufacturing................ 876 48 96 232 88 132 58 60 50 111 Durable goods........... 566 23 54 158 60 76 41 42 38 73 Nondurable goods........ 310 25 41 73 28 56 18 18 12 38 Wholesale and retail trade... 545 23 78 113 58 98 25 54 31 63 Transportation and utilities. 157 6 22 49 5 28 11 7 4 26 Information.................. 177 11 40 28 16 43 7 7 6 19 Financial activities......... 387 22 84 55 34 55 17 22 25 73 Professional and business services.................... 309 13 55 57 19 56 2 24 33 49 Education and health services.................... 306 14 44 59 26 58 13 36 5 52 Leisure and hospitality...... 251 23 37 50 7 49 15 20 15 34 Other services............... 180 7 24 41 10 28 10 18 11 31 Government workers................. 111 3 6 27 11 17 6 14 6 21 Employment status in January 2008 Employed............................. 2,442 135 300 512 214 436 120 211 163 351 Unemployed........................... 654 30 117 165 51 102 17 41 32 99 Not in the labor force............... 545 19 101 99 36 75 31 52 18 114 1 Data refer to persons who had 3 or more years of tenure on a job they had lost or left between January 2005 and December 2007 because of plant or company closings or moves, insufficient work, or the abolishment of their positions or shifts. 2 Total includes a small number of unpaid family workers and persons who did not report industry or class of worker. NOTE: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont compose the New England Division; New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania compose the Middle Atlantic Division; Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin compose the East North Central Division; Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota compose the West North Central Division; Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia compose the South Atlantic Division; Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, and Tennessee compose the East South Central Division; Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas compose the West South Central Division; Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming compose the Mountain Division; Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington compose the Pacific Division. Dash represents or rounds to zero.
Table 7. Displaced workers (1) who lost full-time wage and salary jobs and were reemployed in January 2008 by industry of lost job and characteristics of new job (In thousands) Reemployed in January 2008 Wage and salary workers Full time Self- Industry and class of worker of lost job employed Total Earnings relative to those of lost job and Part unpaid time family Total 20 Below, Equal or 20 workers (2) percent but above, percent or more within 20 but or more below percent within 20 above percent Total who lost full-time wage and salary jobs (3)............................... 2,183 235 1,725 362 283 488 306 224 Agriculture and related industries wage and salary workers............................. 9 - 5 1 - 2 3 4 Nonagricultural industries wage and salary workers.................................... 2,170 235 1,716 361 279 486 303 220 Private nonagricultural wage and salary workers.................................. 2,106 220 1,670 351 277 474 296 216 Mining.............................. 3 - 3 - - - 3 - Construction........................ 171 23 128 22 13 66 10 19 Manufacturing....................... 548 48 443 110 71 122 68 57 Durable goods.................. 364 29 286 71 50 76 43 48 Nondurable goods............... 184 19 157 40 21 46 25 8 Wholesale and retail trade.......... 288 26 231 42 44 65 46 31 Transportation and utilities........ 103 3 89 33 13 22 13 12 Information......................... 116 3 103 23 17 26 15 10 Financial activities................ 234 20 196 40 38 47 23 17 Professional and business services.. 208 35 143 13 40 36 26 30 Education and health services....... 192 35 143 30 24 53 21 13 Leisure and hospitality............. 130 20 95 15 5 18 35 15 Other services...................... 113 6 96 23 11 18 35 11 Government workers........................ 64 14 46 10 2 12 7 4 1 Data refer to persons who had 3 or more years of tenure on a job they had lost or left between January 2005 and December 2007 because of plant or company closings or moves, insufficient work, or the abolishment of their positions or shifts. 2 Includes about 286,000 persons who did not report earnings on lost job. 3 Includes a small number who did not report industry. NOTE: Dash represents or rounds to zero.
Table 8. Total displaced workers (1) by selected characteristics and employment status in January 2008 Percent distribution by employment status Total Characteristic (thousands) Total Employed Unemployed Not in the labor force Workers who lost jobs Total, 20 years and over...................... 8,250 100.0 66.6 19.2 14.2 20 to 24 years.................................... 956 100.0 69.9 16.8 13.3 25 to 54 years.................................... 5,893 100.0 69.7 19.3 11.0 55 to 64 years.................................... 1,117 100.0 59.2 22.1 18.6 65 years and over................................. 285 100.0 18.8 14.5 66.7 Men........................................... 4,720 100.0 69.4 20.4 10.2 20 to 24 years.................................... 600 100.0 72.4 20.1 7.5 25 to 54 years.................................... 3,398 100.0 72.2 20.6 7.2 55 to 64 years.................................... 582 100.0 62.7 20.1 17.1 65 years and over................................. 140 100.0 17.5 16.9 65.6 Women......................................... 3,531 100.0 62.7 17.6 19.7 20 to 24 years.................................... 356 100.0 65.6 11.3 23.2 25 to 54 years.................................... 2,495 100.0 66.4 17.4 16.2 55 to 64 years.................................... 534 100.0 55.5 24.3 20.3 65 years and over................................. 145 100.0 20.1 12.2 67.8 White............................................. 6,510 100.0 68.0 17.6 14.3 Black or African American......................... 1,183 100.0 58.4 28.1 13.5 Asian............................................. 285 100.0 62.9 14.4 22.7 Hispanic or Latino ethnicity...................... 1,257 100.0 67.0 19.6 13.4 Reason for job loss Plant or company closed down or moved............. 3,064 100.0 69.4 14.9 15.7 Insufficient work................................. 3,028 100.0 61.5 25.1 13.4 Position or shift abolished....................... 2,158 100.0 69.7 17.0 13.4 Occupation of lost job (2) Management, professional, and related occupations 2,156 100.0 72.1 17.6 10.4 Management, business, and financial operations occupations................................... 1,026 100.0 69.2 20.4 10.4 Professional and related occupations........... 1,130 100.0 74.7 15.0 10.3 Service occupations.............................. 905 100.0 61.9 18.7 19.4 Sales and office occupations..................... 2,107 100.0 66.1 16.1 17.8 Sales and related occupations.................. 885 100.0 69.8 15.1 15.2 Office and administrative support occupations.. 1,221 100.0 63.4 16.9 19.7 Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations..................................... 1,291 100.0 68.7 22.6 8.8 Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations..... 40 100.0 (3) (3) (3) Construction and extraction occupations........ 840 100.0 65.3 26.2 8.6 Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations................................... 412 100.0 73.9 16.8 9.3 Production, transportation, and material moving occupations..................................... 1,552 100.0 62.3 22.1 15.6 Production occupations......................... 950 100.0 63.3 22.5 14.2 Transportation and material moving occupations 603 100.0 60.7 21.5 17.8 Industry and class of worker of lost job (2) Agriculture and related industries wage and salary workers.......................................... 37 100.0 (3) (3) (3) Nonagricultural industries wage and salary workers 7,985 100.0 66.8 19.1 14.2 Private nonagricultural wage and salary workers 7,735 100.0 66.7 19.1 14.2 Mining.................................... 28 100.0 (3) (3) (3) Construction.............................. 1,016 100.0 69.7 22.6 7.7 Manufacturing............................. 1,549 100.0 65.0 20.3 14.6 Durable goods........................ 1,004 100.0 67.3 18.7 14.0 Nondurable goods..................... 546 100.0 61.0 23.3 15.7 Wholesale and retail trade................ 1,206 100.0 61.8 20.9 17.3 Transportation and utilities.............. 343 100.0 69.5 13.6 16.9 Information............................... 277 100.0 70.8 16.1 13.1 Financial activities...................... 694 100.0 69.5 19.0 11.5 Professional and business services........ 920 100.0 66.5 19.9 13.6 Education and health services............. 687 100.0 70.1 13.9 16.0 Leisure and hospitality................... 635 100.0 65.2 18.9 16.0 Other services............................ 368 100.0 68.3 13.8 17.9 Government workers.............................. 250 100.0 70.3 17.2 12.5 1 Data refer to all persons (regardless of years of tenure on lost job) who had lost or left a job between January 2005 and December 2007 because of plant or company closings or moves, insufficient work, or the abolishment of their positions or shifts. 2 Total includes a small number of unpaid family workers and persons who did not report occupation, industry, or class of worker. 3 Data not shown where base is less than 75,000. NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups (white, black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race.