For release 10:00 a.m. (EDT) Friday, August 24, 2012 USDL-12-1719
Technical information: (202) 691-6378 * cpsinfo@bls.gov * www.bls.gov/cps
Media contact: (202) 691-5902 * PressOffice@bls.gov
WORKER DISPLACEMENT: 2009-2011
From January 2009 through December 2011, 6.1 million workers were
displaced from jobs they had held for at least 3 years, the U.S.
Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. This was down from 6.9
million for the survey period covering January 2007 to December 2009.
In January 2012, 56 percent of workers displaced from 2009-11 were
reemployed, up by 7 percentage points from the prior survey in January
2010.
Since 1984, the Employment and Training Administration of the U.S.
Department of Labor has sponsored surveys that collect information on
workers who were displaced from their jobs. These surveys have been
conducted biennially as supplements to the Current Population Survey
(CPS), a monthly survey of households that is the primary source of
information on the nation's labor force.
Displaced workers are defined as persons 20 years of age and older who
lost or left jobs because their plant or company closed or moved,
there was insufficient work for them to do, or their position or shift
was abolished. The period covered in this study was 2009-11, the 3
calendar years prior to the January 2012 survey date. Most of this
period was characterized by modest employment growth. The following
analysis focuses primarily on the 6.1 million persons who had worked
for their employer for 3 or more years at the time of displacement
(referred to as long-tenured). An additional 6.7 million persons were
displaced from jobs they had held for less than 3 years (referred to
as short-tenured). Combining the short- and long-tenured groups, the
number of displaced workers totaled 12.9 million from 2009-11. In the
prior survey, which was conducted in January 2010 and covered 2007-09,
this group numbered 15.4 million. This previous survey reflected the
steep employment declines associated with the recession that began in
December 2007.
Highlights from the January 2012 survey include:
--In January 2012, 56 percent of the 6.1 million long-tenured
displaced workers were reemployed, up from 49 percent for the
prior survey in January 2010. (See table 1.)
--Forty percent of long-tenured displaced workers from the 2009-11
period cited insufficient work as the reason for their displacement,
and 31 percent cited that their plant or company closed down or
moved. (See table 2.)
--Nearly 1 in 5 long-tenured displaced workers lost a job in
manufacturing. (See table 4.)
--Among long-tenured workers who were displaced from full-time wage
and salary jobs and who were reemployed in such jobs in January 2012,
46 percent had earnings that were as much or greater than those of
their lost job. (See table 7.)
Characteristics of the Reemployed
Fifty-six percent of the 6.1 million long-tenured displaced workers
were reemployed at the time of the survey in January 2012, up from 49
percent for the January 2010 survey. The proportion unemployed at the
time of the most recent survey was 27 percent, down from 36 percent in
the January 2010 survey. Seventeen percent of long-tenured displaced
workers were not in the labor force in January 2012, up from 15
percent for the previous survey. (See table 1.)
In January 2012, reemployment rates were about 62 percent for workers
ages 20 to 54. Reemployment rates were lower for older workers. The
rates for those ages 55 to 64 and 65 years and over were 47 and 24
percent, respectively. Among those age 65 and over, 49 percent were no
longer in the labor force when surveyed in January 2012.
Among long-tenured displaced workers, men had a higher reemployment
rate (61 percent) in January 2012 than women (50 percent). The
reemployment rate for men increased from 49 percent in January 2010,
while the rate for women was about unchanged from the prior survey.
Displaced men were less likely than displaced women to be unemployed
at the time of the survey in January 2012--23 versus 31 percent. The
share of displaced men who had left the labor force, at 16 percent,
continued to be lower than that for women--20 percent.
In January 2012, the reemployment rates for long-tenured displaced
whites (57 percent), Hispanics (55 percent), and Asians (60 percent)
were higher than in January 2010. The reemployment rate for blacks was
little changed at 46 percent in January 2012.
Reason for Job Loss and Receipt of Advance Notice
Of the 6.1 million long-tenured workers displaced during the January
2009 through December 2011 period, 40 percent lost or left their jobs
due to insufficient work, 31 percent due to plant or company closings
or moves, and 30 percent because their position or shift was
abolished. (See table 2.)
Thirty-eight percent of long-tenured displaced workers in the January
2012 survey received written advance notice that their jobs would be
terminated, about the same proportion as in the January 2010 survey.
Workers who lost jobs during the 2009-11 period due to plant or
company closings or moves were most likely to receive written advance
notice. Of this group, 52 percent received such notice. In contrast,
39 percent of workers who were displaced because their position or
shift was abolished and 25 percent of those who lost jobs due to
insufficient work were notified in advance. For each of these groups,
reemployment rates were similar for those who received written
advanced notice and those who did not. (See table 3.)
Industry and Occupation
During the 2009-11 period, 1.2 million long-tenured manufacturing
workers were displaced from their jobs--19 percent of all long-tenured
displaced workers, down from 23 percent in the prior survey period. In
the January 2012 survey, manufacturing displacements were concentrated
within the durable goods component (844,000). Workers in wholesale and
retail trade accounted for 14 percent of all long-tenured displaced, and
professional and business services made up 12 percent. (See table 4.)
Among the major industry groups, workers displaced from transportation
and utilities (67 percent) had a reemployment rate that was higher
than the overall reemployment rate for displaced workers. Workers
displaced from wholesale and retail trade were the least likely to be
reemployed (50 percent). (Workers were not necessarily reemployed in
the same industries from which they were displaced.)
Reemployment rates differed by major occupation, but were highest for
those displaced from management, professional, and related occupations
and from natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations
(60 percent each). They were lower for those displaced from service
occupations and sales and office occupations, 50 percent and 51
percent, respectively. Compared with the January 2010 survey,
reemployment rates were higher in January 2012 for displaced workers
from natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations and
from production, transportation, and material moving occupations.
Reemployment rates for workers displaced from other major occupational
groups were similar across the 2012 and 2010 surveys. (See table 5.)
Geographic Divisions
The number of long-tenured workers displaced during 2009-11 declined
from the 2007-09 period in the East North Central, South Atlantic,
Mountain, and New England geographic divisions of the United States.
Reemployment rates for the divisions ranged from 49 percent for the
Pacific division to 64 percent for the East South Central division.
(See table 6.)
Earnings
Of the 3.0 million displaced workers who lost full-time wage and
salary jobs during the 2009-11 period and were reemployed, 2.4 million
had full-time wage and salary jobs in January 2012. Of these reemployed
full-time workers who reported earnings on their lost job, 46 percent
were earning as much or more in January 2012 as they did at their lost
job. About one-third reported earnings losses of 20 percent or more.
These proportions were similar to those from the January 2010 survey.
(See table 7.)
Total Displaced Workers (With No Tenure Restriction)
The total number of workers displaced between January 2009 and
December 2011 (regardless of how long they had held their jobs) was
12.9 million, down by 2.6 million from the 2007-2009 survey period. Of
the total number of workers who lost jobs over the 2009-11 period, 57
percent were reemployed and 28 percent were unemployed in January 2012.
(See table 8.)
Technical Note
The data presented in this release were collected through a supplement to the
January 2012 Current Population Survey (CPS), the monthly survey of about 60,000
eligible households that provides basic data on employment and unemployment for
the nation. The CPS is conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the Bureau of Labor
Statistics (BLS). The purpose of this supplement was to obtain information on the
number and characteristics of persons who had been displaced (as defined below)
from their jobs over the prior 3 calendar years. Additional information, reports,
and archived news releases, including the Worker Displacement 2007-2009 news re-
lease, are available online at www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#displaced.
Data presented in this release are based on Census 2010 population con-
trols that are updated annually in January. For additional information, see
"Population control adjustments to the CPS" available on the Internet at
www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#pop.
Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired in-
dividuals upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service:
(800) 877-8339.
Reliability of the estimates
Statistics based on the CPS are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error.
When a sample, rather than the entire population, is surveyed, there is a chance
that the sample estimates may differ from the "true" population values they re-
present. The exact difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the parti-
cular sample selected, and this variability is measured by the standard error of
the estimate. There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that
an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard errors
from the "true" population value because of sampling error. BLS analyses are
generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.
The CPS data also are affected by nonsampling error. Nonsampling error can
occur for many reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the popula-
tion, inability to obtain information for all respondents in the sample, inabil-
ity or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information, and errors
made in the collection or processing of the data.
A full discussion of the reliability of data from the CPS and information on
estimating standard errors is documented and can be found on the BLS web site at
www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#reliability.
Concepts and questions
Displaced workers are wage and salary workers 20 years of age and older who
lost or left jobs because their plant or company closed or moved, there was in-
sufficient work for them to do, or their position or shift was abolished. Data
are often presented for long-tenured displaced workers--those who had worked for
their employer for 3 or more years at the time of displacement.
Wage and salary workers receive wages, salaries, commissions, tips, payment
in kind, or piece rates. The group includes employees in both the private and
public sectors but excludes all self-employed persons, both those with incor-
porated businesses as well as those with unincorporated businesses.
Data discussed in this release on displaced workers were obtained from the
following questions:
(This question was asked of all persons 20 years and over.) During the last
3 calendar years, that is, January 2009 through December 2011, did (you/name)
lose a job or leave one because: (your/his/her) plant or company closed or
moved, (your/his/her) position or shift was abolished, insufficient work, or
another similar reason?
(If the respondent answered "yes" to the above question on job loss, the
following question was then asked.) Which of these specific reasons describes
why (name/you) (is/are) no longer working at that job?
Plant or company closed down or moved
Plant or company operating but lost or left job because of:
Insufficient work
Position or shift abolished
Seasonal job completed
Self-operated business failed
Some other reason
Respondents who provided one of the first three reasons--plant or company
closed or moved, insufficient work, or position or shift abolished--were clas-
sified as displaced and asked additional questions about the lost job, including
how many years they had worked for their employer; the year the job was lost;
the earnings, industry, and occupation of the lost job; and whether health insur-
ance had been provided. Other questions were asked to determine what occurred
before and after the job loss, such as: Was the respondent notified of the up-
coming dismissal? How long did he/she go without work? Did he/she receive un-
employment benefits? And, if so, were the benefits used up? Did the person move
to another location after the job loss to take or look for another job? Informa-
tion also was collected about current health insurance coverage (other than Medi-
care and Medicaid) and current earnings for those employed in January 2012.
Table 1. Long-tenured displaced workers (1) by age, sex, race, Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, and
employment status in January 2012
(Numbers in thousands)
Percent distribution by employment status
Age, sex, race, and Hispanic
or Latino ethnicity Total
Total Employed Unemployed Not in the
labor force
TOTAL
Total, 20 years and over....... 6,121 100.0 56.0 26.7 17.4
20 to 24 years..................... 128 100.0 61.7 22.4 15.9
25 to 54 years..................... 4,268 100.0 61.5 26.2 12.3
55 to 64 years..................... 1,338 100.0 47.4 28.1 24.5
65 years and over.................. 386 100.0 23.5 27.5 49.0
Men
Total, 20 years and over....... 3,440 100.0 60.9 23.4 15.7
20 to 24 years..................... 78 100.0 70.6 15.0 14.4
25 to 54 years..................... 2,438 100.0 66.7 22.7 10.6
55 to 64 years..................... 727 100.0 50.8 25.6 23.7
65 years and over.................. 197 100.0 23.5 27.3 49.2
Women
Total, 20 years and over....... 2,681 100.0 49.7 30.8 19.5
20 to 24 years..................... 50 100.0 (2) (2) (2)
25 to 54 years..................... 1,831 100.0 54.6 30.9 14.5
55 to 64 years..................... 611 100.0 43.3 31.1 25.6
65 years and over.................. 189 100.0 23.5 27.7 48.8
White
Total, 20 years and over....... 5,027 100.0 57.4 26.1 16.5
Men................................ 2,920 100.0 61.9 23.1 14.9
Women.............................. 2,107 100.0 51.2 30.2 18.7
Black or African American
Total, 20 years and over....... 662 100.0 46.1 31.2 22.7
Men................................ 284 100.0 52.7 24.8 22.4
Women.............................. 378 100.0 41.2 35.9 22.9
Asian
Total, 20 years and over....... 230 100.0 60.3 26.7 13.1
Men................................ 121 100.0 61.5 27.6 10.9
Women.............................. 109 100.0 58.9 25.6 15.5
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity
Total, 20 years and over....... 901 100.0 54.9 27.7 17.4
Men................................ 594 100.0 60.3 25.7 14.0
Women.............................. 307 100.0 44.3 31.6 24.1
1 Data refer to persons who had 3 or more years of tenure on a job they had lost or left between
January 2009 and December 2011 because of plant or company closings or moves, insufficient work, or the
abolishment of their positions or shifts.
2 Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups (white, black or African American, and Asian) do not sum
to totals because data are not presented for all races. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as
Hispanic or Latino may be of any race.
Table 2. Long-tenured displaced workers (1) by age, sex, race, Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, and reason for job
loss, January 2012
(Numbers in thousands)
Percent distribution by reason for job loss
Age, sex, race, and Hispanic
or Latino ethnicity Total Plant or Position or
Total company Insufficient shift
closed down work abolished
or moved
TOTAL
Total, 20 years and over................ 6,121 100.0 30.8 39.5 29.7
20 to 24 years.............................. 128 100.0 40.5 39.3 20.3
25 to 54 years.............................. 4,268 100.0 31.8 40.2 28.0
55 to 64 years.............................. 1,338 100.0 27.8 37.0 35.2
65 years and over........................... 386 100.0 26.7 40.8 32.5
Men
Total, 20 years and over................ 3,440 100.0 31.1 43.2 25.7
20 to 24 years.............................. 78 100.0 40.2 36.7 23.1
25 to 54 years.............................. 2,438 100.0 32.6 43.4 24.0
55 to 64 years.............................. 727 100.0 27.6 43.0 29.4
65 years and over........................... 197 100.0 21.7 44.2 34.2
Women
Total, 20 years and over................ 2,681 100.0 30.4 34.8 34.8
20 to 24 years.............................. 50 100.0 (2) (2) (2)
25 to 54 years.............................. 1,831 100.0 30.8 35.9 33.3
55 to 64 years.............................. 611 100.0 28.1 29.9 42.0
65 years and over........................... 189 100.0 31.9 37.3 30.8
White
Total, 20 years and over................ 5,027 100.0 30.2 38.9 30.9
Men......................................... 2,920 100.0 30.5 42.5 27.0
Women....................................... 2,107 100.0 29.8 34.0 36.2
Black or African American
Total, 20 years and over................ 662 100.0 33.5 41.0 25.5
Men......................................... 284 100.0 35.5 44.9 19.6
Women....................................... 378 100.0 32.0 38.0 30.0
Asian
Total, 20 years and over................ 230 100.0 30.5 46.9 22.7
Men......................................... 121 100.0 24.3 56.8 18.9
Women....................................... 109 100.0 37.3 35.9 26.8
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity
Total, 20 years and over................ 901 100.0 35.9 50.1 14.0
Men......................................... 594 100.0 37.3 52.4 10.3
Women....................................... 307 100.0 33.3 45.6 21.1
1 Data refer to persons who had 3 or more years of tenure on a job they had lost or left between January 2009
and December 2011 because of plant or company closings or moves, insufficient work, or the abolishment of their
positions or shifts.
2 Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups (white, black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals
because data are not presented for all races. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be
of any race.
Table 3. Long-tenured displaced workers (1) by whether they received written advance notice, reason for job loss, and
employment status in January 2012
(Numbers in thousands)
Percent distribution by employment status
Characteristic Total
Total Employed Unemployed Not in the
labor force
TOTAL
Total, 20 years and over (2)......................... 6,121 100.0 56.0 26.7 17.4
Received written advance notice.......................... 2,307 100.0 54.5 26.9 18.6
Did not receive written advance notice................... 3,707 100.0 56.5 26.8 16.7
Plant or company closed down or moved
Total, 20 years and over (2)......................... 1,884 100.0 57.2 24.6 18.2
Received written advance notice.......................... 987 100.0 53.1 26.9 19.9
Did not receive written advance notice................... 861 100.0 61.5 22.2 16.3
Insufficient work
Total, 20 years and over (2)......................... 2,418 100.0 55.1 27.2 17.7
Received written advance notice.......................... 613 100.0 56.3 25.8 17.9
Did not receive written advance notice................... 1,759 100.0 54.3 27.9 17.7
Position or shift abolished
Total, 20 years and over (2)......................... 1,819 100.0 55.9 28.1 16.0
Received written advance notice.......................... 708 100.0 54.7 28.0 17.3
Did not receive written advance notice................... 1,087 100.0 56.1 28.5 15.4
1 Data refer to persons who had 3 or more years of tenure on a job they had lost or left between January 2009 and
December 2011 because of plant or company closings or moves, insufficient work, or the abolishment of their positions
or shifts.
2 Includes a small number who did not report information on advance notice.
Table 4. Long-tenured displaced workers (1) by industry and class of worker of lost job and employment status in
January 2012
(Numbers in thousands)
Percent distribution by employment status
Industry and class of worker of lost job Total
Total Employed Unemployed Not in the
labor force
Total, 20 years and over (2)........................ 6,121 100.0 56.0 26.7 17.4
Agriculture and related industries wage and salary
workers................................................. 43 100.0 (3) (3) (3)
Nonagricultural industries wage and salary workers....... 5,974 100.0 55.7 26.8 17.4
Private nonagricultural wage and salary workers........ 5,629 100.0 55.8 26.8 17.4
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction.... 29 100.0 (3) (3) (3)
Construction..................................... 691 100.0 58.7 24.9 16.4
Manufacturing.................................... 1,183 100.0 55.6 23.8 20.6
Durable goods manufacturing ................ 844 100.0 55.6 23.5 20.9
Primary metals and fabricated metal
products............................... 126 100.0 67.6 19.7 12.7
Machinery manufacturing................. 93 100.0 49.5 20.6 29.9
Computers and electronic products....... 151 100.0 52.9 25.8 21.3
Electrical equipment and appliances..... 24 100.0 (3) (3) (3)
Transportation equipment................ 169 100.0 50.1 22.0 27.9
Miscellaneous manufacturing............. 123 100.0 58.2 22.5 19.3
Other durable goods industries.......... 158 100.0 55.4 25.6 18.9
Nondurable goods manufacturing ............. 339 100.0 55.5 24.7 19.8
Food manufacturing...................... 52 100.0 (3) (3) (3)
Textiles, apparel, and leather.......... 55 100.0 (3) (3) (3)
Paper and printing...................... 75 100.0 55.7 31.5 12.7
Other nondurable goods industries....... 158 100.0 51.5 23.2 25.2
Wholesale and retail trade....................... 859 100.0 49.9 32.1 18.0
Wholesale trade............................. 197 100.0 49.9 30.2 19.9
Retail trade................................ 663 100.0 49.9 32.6 17.4
Transportation and utilities (4)................. 240 100.0 66.5 20.7 12.8
Transportation and warehousing.............. 207 100.0 71.7 15.8 12.5
Information (4).................................. 197 100.0 56.4 27.9 15.7
Telecommunications.......................... 81 100.0 70.6 15.2 14.2
Financial activities............................. 478 100.0 54.9 26.9 18.2
Finance and insurance....................... 352 100.0 63.6 21.1 15.3
Finance................................. 237 100.0 65.8 19.3 14.9
Insurance............................... 115 100.0 59.2 24.8 16.0
Real estate and rental and leasing.......... 127 100.0 30.8 42.9 26.3
Professional and business services............... 751 100.0 55.1 31.0 13.9
Professional and technical services......... 442 100.0 59.4 28.9 11.6
Management, administrative, and waste
services................................... 309 100.0 48.8 34.1 17.1
Education and health services.................... 605 100.0 56.5 28.0 15.6
Educational services........................ 111 100.0 64.8 16.4 18.7
Health care and social assistance (4)....... 494 100.0 54.6 30.6 14.8
Hospitals............................... 136 100.0 55.3 26.8 17.9
Health services, except hospitals....... 259 100.0 57.7 26.3 15.9
Leisure and hospitality (4)...................... 381 100.0 61.7 21.4 17.0
Accommodation and food services (4)......... 288 100.0 61.8 21.7 16.5
Food services and drinking places....... 235 100.0 57.7 23.4 18.9
Other services................................... 201 100.0 55.1 27.7 17.2
Government wage and salary workers..................... 345 100.0 54.3 26.9 18.8
1 Data refer to persons who had 3 or more years of tenure on a job they had lost or left between January 2009 and
December 2011 because of plant or company closings or moves, insufficient work, or the abolishment of their positions
or shifts.
2 Total includes a small number of unpaid family workers and persons who did not report industry or class of
worker, not shown separately.
3 Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
4 Includes other industries, not shown separately.
Table 5. Long-tenured displaced workers (1) by occupation of lost job and employment status in January 2012
(Numbers in thousands)
Percent distribution by employment status
Occupation of lost job Total
Total Employed Unemployed Not in the
labor force
Total, 20 years and over (2)................. 6,121 100.0 56.0 26.7 17.4
Management, professional, and related occupations 2,008 100.0 60.3 25.1 14.7
Management, business, and financial operations
occupations.................................... 1,051 100.0 60.2 26.7 13.1
Professional and related occupations........... 956 100.0 60.4 23.3 16.3
Service occupations.............................. 611 100.0 50.0 28.7 21.3
Sales and office occupations..................... 1,563 100.0 50.6 32.1 17.3
Sales and related occupations.................. 625 100.0 52.4 31.1 16.5
Office and administrative support occupations.. 938 100.0 49.3 32.8 17.9
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance
occupations.................................... 788 100.0 60.0 23.6 16.4
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations..... 30 100.0 (3) (3) (3)
Construction and extraction occupations........ 516 100.0 55.5 26.0 18.5
Installation, maintenance, and repair
occupations.................................... 242 100.0 69.1 18.0 13.0
Production, transportation, and material moving
occupations.................................... 1,055 100.0 55.9 22.8 21.4
Production occupations......................... 644 100.0 52.1 24.1 23.8
Transportation and material moving occupations 411 100.0 61.8 20.7 17.6
1 Data refer to persons who had 3 or more years of tenure on a job they had lost or left between January
2009 and December 2011 because of plant or company closings or moves, insufficient work, or the abolishment of
their positions or shifts.
2 Total includes a small number who did not report occupation.
3 Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
NOTE: Beginning with displacement data for January 2012, occupations reflect the introduction of the 2010
Census occupational classification system into the Current Population Survey. This classification system is
derived from the 2010 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC). No historical data have been revised. Data
for 2012 are not strictly comparable with earlier years.
Table 6. Long-tenured displaced workers (1) by selected characteristics and area of residence in January 2012
(In thousands)
New Middle East West South East West
Characteristic Total England Atlan- North North Atlan- South South Mountain Pacific
tic Central Central tic Central Central
Workers who lost jobs
Total, 20 years and over........ 6,121 318 851 1,002 401 1,170 307 515 423 1,136
Men................................. 3,440 176 425 598 232 675 167 288 242 636
Women............................... 2,681 142 426 403 169 495 140 227 181 500
Reason for job loss
Plant or company closed down or
moved............................ 1,884 81 268 344 107 347 107 185 112 332
Insufficient work................... 2,418 113 329 374 147 455 110 195 205 490
Position or shift abolished......... 1,819 123 254 283 146 367 90 135 105 314
Industry and class of worker of lost
job (2)
Agriculture and related industries
wage and salary workers.......... 43 1 4 - 3 16 - 4 3 13
Nonagricultural industries wage and
salary workers................... 5,974 313 824 1,002 396 1,131 295 504 418 1,091
Private nonagricultural wage and
salary workers.................. 5,629 301 770 972 366 1,076 283 471 388 1,003
Mining, quarrying, and oil
and gas extraction........ 29 1 - 3 4 6 - 9 6 -
Construction................ 691 26 62 88 52 163 18 56 57 169
Manufacturing............... 1,183 59 171 264 94 167 70 99 59 199
Durable goods.......... 844 46 99 210 74 114 42 75 47 137
Nondurable goods....... 339 13 72 54 21 53 28 24 12 62
Wholesale and retail trade.. 859 42 121 166 53 145 71 74 53 135
Transportation and utilities 240 5 29 50 14 48 14 19 15 46
Information................. 197 12 39 22 7 27 3 24 17 47
Financial activities........ 478 33 54 60 38 124 23 27 34 86
Professional and business
services................... 751 35 91 121 25 143 38 73 77 149
Education and health
services.................. 605 53 100 99 46 134 21 32 27 91
Leisure and hospitality..... 381 15 86 54 24 63 18 31 35 55
Other services.............. 201 20 17 45 9 43 8 26 7 26
Government wage and salary workers 345 13 54 30 30 55 12 34 30 88
Employment status
in January 2012
Employed............................ 3,427 181 436 592 250 644 195 318 253 558
Unemployed.......................... 1,631 81 244 269 73 292 67 123 87 394
Not in the labor force.............. 1,062 56 171 140 77 233 45 74 83 184
1 Data refer to persons who had 3 or more years of tenure on a job they had lost or left between January 2009 and
December 2011 because of plant or company closings or moves, insufficient work, or the abolishment of their positions
or shifts.
2 Total includes a small number of unpaid family workers and persons who did not report industry or class of worker,
not shown separately.
NOTE: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont compose the New England
Division; New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania compose the Middle Atlantic Division; Illinois, Indiana, Michigan,
Ohio, and Wisconsin compose the East North Central Division; Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota,
and South Dakota compose the West North Central Division; Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Maryland,
North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia compose the South Atlantic Division; Alabama, Kentucky,
Mississippi, and Tennessee compose the East South Central Division; Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas compose
the West South Central Division; Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming compose the
Mountain Division; Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington compose the Pacific Division. Dash represents or
rounds to zero.
Table 7. Long-tenured displaced workers (1) who lost full-time wage and salary jobs and were reemployed in January
2012 by industry of lost job and characteristics of new job
(In thousands)
Reemployed in January 2012
Wage and salary workers
Full time
Self-
Industry and class of worker of lost job employed
Total Earnings relative to those of lost job and
Part unpaid
time family
Total 20 Below, Equal or 20 workers
(2) percent but above, percent
or more within 20 but or more
below percent within 20 above
percent
Total who lost full-time wage and salary
jobs (3)............................... 3,003 424 2,368 630 408 538 352 211
Agriculture and related industries wage and
salary workers............................. 24 1 23 11 3 5 4 -
Nonagricultural industries wage and salary
workers.................................... 2,943 423 2,313 619 398 529 340 208
Private nonagricultural wage and salary
workers.................................. 2,805 402 2,209 589 385 506 308 195
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas
extraction......................... 15 2 12 12 - - - -
Construction........................ 393 54 290 89 49 64 43 49
Manufacturing....................... 645 66 544 171 108 87 64 35
Durable goods.................. 457 43 387 125 74 53 48 28
Nondurable goods............... 188 24 157 46 34 34 16 7
Wholesale and retail trade.......... 368 60 290 84 42 77 52 18
Transportation and utilities........ 139 14 114 22 26 15 20 11
Information......................... 95 21 72 27 14 8 10 2
Financial activities................ 255 18 220 52 29 46 27 18
Professional and business services.. 373 31 301 56 60 93 36 41
Education and health services....... 257 70 176 29 30 67 21 11
Leisure and hospitality............. 174 50 115 25 17 31 22 9
Other services...................... 91 14 75 20 10 18 11 2
Government wage and salary workers........ 138 21 104 30 13 22 33 13
1 Data refer to persons who had 3 or more years of tenure on a job they had lost or left between January 2009 and
December 2011 because of plant or company closings or moves, insufficient work, or the abolishment of their positions
or shifts.
2 Includes about 440,000 persons who did not report earnings on lost job.
3 Includes a small number who did not report industry.
NOTE: Dash represents or rounds to zero.
Table 8. Total displaced workers (1) by selected characteristics and employment status in January 2012
(Numbers in thousands)
Percent distribution by employment status
Characteristic Total
Total Employed Unemployed Not in the
labor force
Workers who lost jobs
Total, 20 years and over...................... 12,854 100.0 56.9 27.5 15.7
20 to 24 years.................................... 1,118 100.0 54.4 27.2 18.4
25 to 54 years.................................... 9,220 100.0 60.7 27.4 11.9
55 to 64 years.................................... 2,006 100.0 49.2 28.3 22.5
65 years and over................................. 509 100.0 22.3 27.2 50.5
Men, 20 years and over........................ 7,485 100.0 60.5 26.7 12.8
20 to 24 years.................................... 668 100.0 55.1 30.9 13.9
25 to 54 years.................................... 5,457 100.0 64.5 26.1 9.4
55 to 64 years.................................... 1,092 100.0 53.2 26.6 20.2
65 years and over................................. 268 100.0 23.0 26.4 50.6
Women, 20 years and over...................... 5,368 100.0 51.7 28.6 19.6
20 to 24 years.................................... 450 100.0 53.3 21.7 25.0
25 to 54 years.................................... 3,763 100.0 55.2 29.1 15.7
55 to 64 years.................................... 915 100.0 44.5 30.3 25.2
65 years and over................................. 241 100.0 21.5 28.1 50.4
White............................................. 10,166 100.0 58.8 26.6 14.6
Black or African American......................... 1,686 100.0 47.3 31.8 20.9
Asian............................................. 493 100.0 54.1 29.7 16.2
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity...................... 2,304 100.0 54.8 30.5 14.7
Reason for job loss
Plant or company closed down or moved............. 3,424 100.0 59.7 23.1 17.2
Insufficient work................................. 6,119 100.0 54.2 29.9 16.0
Position or shift abolished....................... 3,311 100.0 58.9 27.5 13.5
Occupation of lost job (2)
Management, professional, and related occupations 3,492 100.0 64.7 23.2 12.1
Management, business, and financial operations
occupations................................... 1,764 100.0 64.0 24.9 11.1
Professional and related occupations........... 1,728 100.0 65.5 21.4 13.1
Service occupations.............................. 1,752 100.0 50.6 30.8 18.7
Sales and office occupations..................... 3,179 100.0 52.4 29.5 18.1
Sales and related occupations.................. 1,424 100.0 54.5 26.9 18.6
Office and administrative support occupations.. 1,755 100.0 50.7 31.6 17.7
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance
occupations..................................... 1,904 100.0 58.3 29.3 12.4
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations..... 61 100.0 (3) (3) (3)
Construction and extraction occupations........ 1,297 100.0 55.5 31.5 12.9
Installation, maintenance, and repair
occupations................................... 546 100.0 64.4 24.4 11.2
Production, transportation, and material moving
occupations..................................... 2,159 100.0 55.4 26.7 17.9
Production occupations......................... 1,228 100.0 53.3 26.9 19.9
Transportation and material moving occupations 931 100.0 58.3 26.5 15.2
Industry and class of worker of lost job (2)
Agriculture and related industries wage and salary
workers.......................................... 90 100.0 53.5 35.3 11.1
Nonagricultural industries wage and salary workers 12,403 100.0 57.0 27.4 15.6
Private nonagricultural wage and salary workers 11,733 100.0 57.1 27.4 15.5
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas
extraction............................... 85 100.0 62.0 22.6 15.5
Construction.............................. 1,579 100.0 57.8 29.6 12.6
Manufacturing............................. 2,024 100.0 58.7 25.4 15.8
Durable goods........................ 1,437 100.0 57.3 26.3 16.4
Nondurable goods..................... 586 100.0 62.3 23.2 14.5
Wholesale and retail trade................ 1,835 100.0 52.6 29.0 18.4
Transportation and utilities.............. 559 100.0 62.5 24.5 13.0
Information............................... 314 100.0 56.6 28.8 14.6
Financial activities...................... 792 100.0 57.6 26.5 15.9
Professional and business services........ 1,676 100.0 57.6 27.6 14.7
Education and health services............. 1,193 100.0 58.4 26.1 15.5
Leisure and hospitality................... 1,144 100.0 57.6 27.1 15.3
Other services............................ 512 100.0 54.1 29.5 16.5
Government wage and salary workers.............. 670 100.0 55.8 27.3 16.8
1 Data refer to all persons (regardless of years of tenure on lost job) who had lost or left a job
between January 2009 and December 2011 because of plant or company closings or moves, insufficient work,
or the abolishment of their positions or shifts.
2 Total includes a small number of unpaid family workers and persons who did not report occupation,
industry, or class of worker, not shown separately.
3 Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups (white, black or African American, and Asian) do not sum
to totals because data are not presented for all races. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as
Hispanic or Latino may be of any race.
Beginning with displacement data for January 2012, occupations reflect the introduction of the 2010
Census occupational classification system into the Current Population Survey. This classification system
is derived from the 2010 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC). No historical data have been
revised. Data for 2012 are not strictly comparable with earlier years.
United States Department of Labor
