For release 10:00 a.m. (EDT) Thursday, August 26, 2010 USDL-10-1174
Technical information: (202) 691-6378 * cpsinfo@bls.gov * www.bls.gov/cps
Media contact: (202) 691-5902 * PressOffice@bls.gov
WORKER DISPLACEMENT: 2007-2009
From January 2007 through December 2009, 6.9 million workers were displaced
from jobs they had held for at least 3 years, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Sta-
tistics reported today. This was nearly twice as many as were displaced for
the survey period covering January 2005 to December 2007. In January 2010,
about half of displaced workers were reemployed, down from about two-thirds
for the prior survey in January 2008. The more recent period includes the
recession that began in December 2007. In contrast, the prior survey covered
a period of employment growth and declining unemployment.
Since 1984, the Employment and Training Administration of the U.S. Department
of Labor has sponsored surveys that collect information on workers who were
displaced from their jobs. These surveys have been conducted biennially as
supplements to the Current Population Survey (CPS), a monthly survey of house-
holds that is the primary source of information on the nation's labor force.
Displaced workers are defined as persons 20 years of age and older who lost
or left jobs because their plant or company closed or moved, there was insuf-
ficient work for them to do, or their position or shift was abolished. The
period covered in this study was 2007-09, the 3 calendar years prior to the
January 2010 survey date. The following analysis focuses primarily on the 6.9
million persons who had worked for their employer for 3 or more years at the
time of displacement (referred to as long-tenured). An additional 8.5 million
persons were displaced from jobs they had held for less than 3 years (referred
to as short-tenured). Combining the short- and long-tenured groups, the number
of displaced workers totaled 15.4 million from 2007-09, up from 8.3 million
for the period covered by the prior survey (2005-07).
Highlights from the January 2010 survey include:
--In January 2010, 49 percent of the 6.9 million long-tenured displaced
workers were reemployed, down from 67 percent for the prior survey in
January 2008. This is lowest reemployment rate on record for the series,
which began in 1984. (See table 1.)
--Forty-three percent of long-tenured displaced workers cited insuffi-
cient work as the reason for their displacement, up from 24 percent
for the previous survey. (See table 2.)
--Nearly 1 in 4 long-tenured displaced workers lost a job in manufac-
turing. (See table 4.)
--Among long-tenured workers who were displaced from full-time wage
and salary jobs and who were reemployed in such jobs, 45 percent had
earnings that were as much or more than those on the lost job. This
was lower than the proportion in January 2008, when 55 percent of
those workers had earnings equal to or greater than those on the lost
job. (See table 7.)
Characteristics of the Reemployed
Forty-nine percent of the 6.9 million long-tenured displaced workers were re-
employed at the time of the survey in January 2010, down from 67 percent for
the January 2008 survey. The proportion unemployed at the time of the most
recent survey, 36 percent, was double the proportion in January 2008 (18 per-
cent). Fifteen percent of long-tenured displaced workers were not in the labor
force in January 2010, the same as in the previous survey. (See table 1.)
In January 2010, reemployment rates for workers ages 20 to 24 and 25 to 54
were 55 and 53 percent, respectively. Reemployment rates for older workers--
ages 55 to 64 and 65 years and over--were 39 and 23 percent, respectively.
Among most age groups, displaced workers were less likely to be employed and
more likely to be unemployed than they were in the prior survey. Among those
age 65 and over, 45 percent were no longer in the labor force when surveyed in
January 2010, down from 69 percent in January 2008.
Among the displaced, men and women (49 percent) were equally likely to have found
a new job at the time of the survey in January 2010. The reemployment rates for
both men and women declined from the prior survey. Displaced men were somewhat
more likely than displaced women to be unemployed at the time of the survey--39
versus 31 percent. The share of displaced women who had left the labor force, at
20 percent, was greater than that for men--12 percent.
In January 2010, the reemployment rates for long-tenured displaced whites (50
percent), Hispanics (49 percent), blacks (43 percent), and Asians (38 percent)
declined from the rates recorded in the January 2008 survey.
Reason for Job Loss and Receipt of Advance Notice
Of the 6.9 million long-tenured workers displaced during the January 2007 through
December 2009 period, 43 percent cited insufficient work, 31 percent lost or left
their jobs due to plant or company closings or moves, and 27 percent reported that
their position or shift was abolished as the reason for being displaced. The pro-
portion of displaced workers citing plant closings or moves or an abolished shift
or position decreased from the prior survey, while the share reporting insuffi-
cient work increased. In prior displaced worker survey periods, plant or company
closings or moves had been the most frequently stated reason for displacement.
(See table 2.)
Thirty-seven percent of long-tenured displaced workers in the January 2010 survey
received written advance notice that their jobs would be terminated, down from 43
percent in the prior survey. Workers who lost jobs due to plant or company closings
or moves were most likely to receive written advance notice. Of this group, 55 per-
cent received such notice. In contrast, 37 percent of workers who were displaced
because their position or shift was abolished and 24 percent of those who lost jobs
due to insufficient work were notified in advance. For each of these groups, how-
ever, receipt of written advance notice had little impact on the likelihood of being
reemployed at the time of the survey in January 2010. (See table 3.)
Industry and Occupation
As was the case in prior surveys, manufacturing accounted for the largest number of
displaced workers. During the 2007-09 period 1.6 million factory workers were dis-
placed from their jobs--23 percent of all long-tenured displaced workers. Manufac-
turing displacements were again concentrated within the durable goods component (1.1
million), particularly in transportation equipment and in computers and electronic
products. Workers in wholesale and retail trade accounted for 14 percent, and con-
struction made up 13 percent of all long-tenured displaced. (See table 4.)
The reemployment rates for workers displaced from construction (49 percent) and
wholesale and retail trade (49 percent) were the same as the overall reemployment
rate for displaced workers. (Workers were not necessarily reemployed in the same
industries from which they were displaced.) By comparison, reemployment rates for
workers displaced from jobs in financial activities (58 percent), education and
health services (57 percent), and government (55 percent) were above the overall
reemployment rate. Displaced manufacturing workers (39 percent) were the least
likely to be reemployed at the time of the survey.
Compared with the prior survey, the number of displaced workers was higher for all
occupation groups in January 2010. Reemployment rates differed by occupation, but
were highest for those employed in professional and related occupations (60 percent)
and lowest for those in production occupations (37 percent). (See table 5.)
Geographic Divisions
Compared to the prior survey period, the number of long-tenured workers displaced
during 2007-09 was higher in every geographic division of the United States. In
January 2010, those residing in the West North Central division had the highest
reemployment rates; about 60 percent of the displaced in this region were reem-
ployed at the time of the survey. About one-quarter of displaced manufacturing
workers lived in the East North Central division. (See table 6.)
Earnings
Of the 2.9 million displaced workers who lost full-time wage and salary jobs
during the 2007-09 period and were reemployed in January 2010, 2.2 million had
found full-time wage and salary jobs. Of these reemployed full-time workers who
reported earnings on their lost job, 45 percent were earning as much or more than
they did prior to displacement; the proportion was 55 percent in the January 2008
survey. In the most recent survey, 36 percent reported earnings losses of 20 per-
cent or more. (See table 7.)
Total Displaced Workers (With No Tenure Restriction)
The total number of workers displaced between January 2007 and December 2009 (re-
gardless of how long they had held their jobs) was 15.4 million, up by 7.2 million
from the previous survey period. Of the total number of workers who lost jobs over
the 2007-09 period, 49 percent were reemployed and 36 percent were unemployed in
January 2010. In the January 2008 survey, 67 percent of the total displaced were
reemployed and 19 percent were unemployed. (See table 8.)
Technical Note
The data presented in this release were collected through a supplement to the
January 2010 Current Population Survey (CPS), the monthly survey of about 60,000
households that provides the basic data on employment and unemployment for the
nation. The CPS is conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the Bureau of Labor
Statistics (BLS). The purpose of this supplement was to obtain information on the
number and characteristics of persons who had been displaced (as defined below)
from their jobs over the prior 3 calendar years. Additional information, reports,
and archived news releases, including the Worker Displacement 2005-2007 news re-
lease, are available online at www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#displaced.
Data presented in this release are based on Census 2000 population con-
trols that are updated annually in January. For additional information, see
"Population control adjustments to the CPS" available on the Internet at
www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#pop.
Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired in-
dividuals upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service:
(800) 877-8339.
Reliability of the estimates
Statistics based on the CPS are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error.
When a sample, rather than the entire population, is surveyed, there is a chance
that the sample estimates may differ from the "true" population values they re-
present. The exact difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the parti-
cular sample selected, and this variability is measured by the standard error of
the estimate. There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that
an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard errors
from the "true" population value because of sampling error. BLS analyses are
generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.
The CPS data also are affected by nonsampling error. Nonsampling error can
occur for many reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the popula-
tion, inability to obtain information for all respondents in the sample, inabil-
ity or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information, and errors
made in the collection or processing of the data.
A full discussion of the reliability of data from the CPS and information on
estimating standard errors is documented and can be found on the BLS web site at
www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#reliability.
Concepts and questions
Displaced workers are wage and salary workers 20 years of age and older who
lost or left jobs because their plant or company closed or moved, there was in-
sufficient work for them to do, or their position or shift was abolished. Data
are often presented for long-tenured displaced workers--those who had worked for
their employer for 3 or more years at the time of displacement.
Wage and salary workers receive wages, salaries, commissions, tips, payment
in kind, or piece rates. The group includes employees in both the private and
public sectors but excludes all self-employed persons, both those with incor-
porated businesses as well as those with unincorporated businesses.
Data discussed in this release on displaced workers were obtained from the
following questions:
(This question was asked of all persons 20 years and over.) During the last
3 calendar years, that is, January 2007 through December 2009, did (you/name)
lose a job or leave one because: (your/his/her) plant or company closed or
moved, (your/his/her) position or shift was abolished, insufficient work, or
another similar reason?
(If the respondent answered "yes" to the above question on job loss, the
following question was then asked.) Which of these specific reasons describes
why (name/you) (is/are) no longer working at that job?
Plant or company closed down or moved
Plant or company operating but lost or left job because of:
Insufficient work
Position or shift abolished
Seasonal job completed
Self-operated business failed
Some other reason
Respondents who provided one of the first three reasons--plant or company
closed or moved, insufficient work, or position or shift abolished--were clas-
sified as displaced and asked additional questions about the lost job, including
how many years they had worked for their employer; the year the job was lost;
the earnings, industry, and occupation of the lost job; and whether health insur-
ance had been provided. Other questions were asked to determine what occurred
before and after the job loss, such as: Was the respondent notified of the up-
coming dismissal? How long did he/she go without work? Did he/she receive un-
employment benefits? And, if so, were the benefits used up? Did the person move
to another location after the job loss to take or look for another job? Informa-
tion also was collected about current health insurance coverage (other than Medi-
care and Medicaid) and current earnings for those employed in January 2010.
Table 1. Long-tenured displaced workers(1) by age, sex, race, Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, and
employment status in January 2010
Percent distribution by employment status
Age, sex, race, and Hispanic Total
or Latino ethnicity (thousands)
Total Employed Unemployed Not in the
labor force
TOTAL
Total, 20 years and over....... 6,938 100.0 48.8 36.1 15.2
20 to 24 years..................... 227 100.0 54.8 29.8 15.4
25 to 54 years..................... 4,923 100.0 53.4 35.6 11.0
55 to 64 years..................... 1,395 100.0 38.7 39.9 21.4
65 years and over.................. 392 100.0 22.5 32.4 45.1
Men
Total, 20 years and over....... 4,183 100.0 49.0 39.1 11.9
20 to 24 years..................... 144 100.0 54.2 38.7 7.1
25 to 54 years..................... 3,031 100.0 53.1 38.4 8.4
55 to 64 years..................... 810 100.0 38.4 41.4 20.2
65 years and over.................. 198 100.0 24.3 41.2 34.5
Women
Total, 20 years and over....... 2,754 100.0 48.5 31.4 20.1
20 to 24 years..................... 84 100.0 55.8 14.6 29.7
25 to 54 years..................... 1,892 100.0 53.9 31.0 15.1
55 to 64 years..................... 585 100.0 39.2 37.8 23.0
65 years and over.................. 194 100.0 20.7 23.3 56.0
White
Total, 20 years and over....... 5,716 100.0 50.3 35.0 14.8
Men................................ 3,518 100.0 50.8 37.8 11.4
Women.............................. 2,198 100.0 49.5 30.4 20.2
Black or African American
Total, 20 years and over....... 761 100.0 42.9 41.2 15.9
Men................................ 410 100.0 39.7 48.4 12.0
Women.............................. 351 100.0 46.7 32.8 20.4
Asian
Total, 20 years and over....... 294 100.0 37.8 47.8 14.3
Men................................ 160 100.0 34.8 51.5 13.7
Women.............................. 135 100.0 41.5 43.4 15.1
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity
Total, 20 years and over....... 993 100.0 48.7 38.0 13.4
Men................................ 696 100.0 52.3 38.9 8.8
Women.............................. 297 100.0 40.1 35.8 24.1
1 Data refer to persons who had 3 or more years of tenure on a job they had lost or left between
January 2007 and December 2009 because of plant or company closings or moves, insufficient work, or the
abolishment of their positions or shifts.
NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups (white, black or African American, and Asian) do not sum
to totals because data are not presented for all races. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as His-
panic or Latino may be of any race.
Table 2. Long-tenured displaced workers(1) by age, sex, race, Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, and reason for job
loss, January 2010
Percent distribution by reason for job loss
Age, sex, race, and Hispanic Total
or Latino ethnicity (thousands) Plant or Position or
Total company Insufficient shift
closed down work abolished
or moved
TOTAL
Total, 20 years and over................ 6,938 100.0 30.6 42.8 26.6
20 to 24 years.............................. 227 100.0 35.9 52.6 11.5
25 to 54 years.............................. 4,923 100.0 30.4 43.8 25.8
55 to 64 years.............................. 1,395 100.0 32.5 38.6 28.9
65 years and over........................... 392 100.0 23.7 39.9 36.4
Men
Total, 20 years and over................ 4,183 100.0 29.8 47.9 22.3
20 to 24 years.............................. 144 100.0 25.4 66.6 8.0
25 to 54 years.............................. 3,031 100.0 29.5 49.2 21.3
55 to 64 years.............................. 810 100.0 33.2 40.7 26.1
65 years and over........................... 198 100.0 25.2 43.4 31.3
Women
Total, 20 years and over................ 2,754 100.0 31.8 35.1 33.1
20 to 24 years.............................. 84 100.0 54.1 28.6 17.3
25 to 54 years.............................. 1,892 100.0 31.8 35.1 33.1
55 to 64 years.............................. 585 100.0 31.6 35.6 32.8
65 years and over........................... 194 100.0 22.1 36.3 41.5
White
Total, 20 years and over................ 5,716 100.0 29.7 42.9 27.3
Men......................................... 3,518 100.0 28.4 48.2 23.4
Women....................................... 2,198 100.0 31.9 34.5 33.7
Black or African American
Total, 20 years and over................ 761 100.0 33.9 41.7 24.4
Men......................................... 410 100.0 35.9 47.9 16.2
Women....................................... 351 100.0 31.5 34.6 34.0
Asian
Total, 20 years and over................ 294 100.0 34.0 44.4 21.6
Men......................................... 160 100.0 36.4 42.2 21.4
Women....................................... 135 100.0 31.2 47.0 21.8
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity
Total, 20 years and over................ 993 100.0 32.4 57.0 10.6
Men......................................... 696 100.0 31.8 59.8 8.4
Women....................................... 297 100.0 33.8 50.4 15.8
1 Data refer to persons who had 3 or more years of tenure on a job they had lost or left between January 2007
and December 2009 because of plant or company closings or moves, insufficient work, or the abolishment of their
positions or shifts.
NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups (white, black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals
because data are not presented for all races. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be
of any race.
Table 3. Long-tenured displaced workers(1) by whether they received written advance notice, reason for job loss,
and employment status in January 2010
Percent distribution by employment status
Total
Characteristic (thousands)
Total Employed Unemployed Not in the
labor force
TOTAL
Total, 20 years and over (2)......................... 6,938 100.0 48.8 36.1 15.2
Received written advance notice.......................... 2,554 100.0 51.6 33.5 15.0
Did not receive written advance notice................... 4,296 100.0 47.2 37.7 15.1
Plant or company closed down or moved
Total, 20 years and over (2)......................... 2,123 100.0 53.2 30.5 16.3
Received written advance notice.......................... 1,175 100.0 54.1 30.0 15.9
Did not receive written advance notice................... 933 100.0 52.0 31.3 16.6
Insufficient work
Total, 20 years and over (2)......................... 2,971 100.0 44.5 41.7 13.8
Received written advance notice.......................... 703 100.0 44.9 40.5 14.6
Did not receive written advance notice................... 2,210 100.0 44.4 42.2 13.4
Position or shift abolished
Total, 20 years and over (2)......................... 1,844 100.0 50.6 33.3 16.0
Received written advance notice.......................... 676 100.0 54.1 32.3 13.6
Did not receive written advance notice................... 1,154 100.0 48.5 34.3 17.1
1 Data refer to persons who had 3 or more years of tenure on a job they had lost or left between January 2007 and
December 2009 because of plant or company closings or moves, insufficient work, or the abolishment of their positions
or shifts.
2 Includes a small number who did not report information on advance notice.
Table 4. Long-tenured displaced workers(1) by industry and class of worker of lost job and employment status in
January 2010
Percent distribution by employment status
Total
Industry and class of worker of lost job (thousands)
Total Employed Unemployed Not in the
labor force
Total, 20 years and over (2)........................ 6,938 100.0 48.8 36.1 15.2
Agriculture and related industries wage and salary
workers................................................. 36 100.0 (3) (3) (3)
Nonagricultural industries wage and salary workers....... 6,811 100.0 49.1 36.0 15.0
Private nonagricultural wage and salary workers........ 6,546 100.0 48.8 36.2 15.0
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction.... 73 100.0 (3) (3) (3)
Construction..................................... 919 100.0 49.1 39.2 11.6
Manufacturing.................................... 1,568 100.0 38.7 44.6 16.7
Durable goods manufacturing ................ 1,134 100.0 33.4 49.1 17.5
Primary metals and fabricated metal
products............................... 149 100.0 36.5 53.5 10.0
Machinery manufacturing................. 154 100.0 30.7 52.4 16.9
Computers and electronic products....... 184 100.0 38.0 47.4 14.6
Electrical equipment and appliances..... 50 100.0 (3) (3) (3)
Transportation equipment................ 276 100.0 35.9 42.4 21.8
Miscellaneous manufacturing............. 130 100.0 30.7 47.3 22.0
Other durable goods industries.......... 191 100.0 27.4 53.7 18.8
Nondurable goods manufacturing ............. 435 100.0 52.6 32.7 14.7
Food manufacturing...................... 39 100.0 (3) (3) (3)
Textiles, apparel, and leather.......... 81 100.0 48.1 32.4 19.5
Paper and printing...................... 105 100.0 29.8 47.2 23.0
Other nondurable goods industries....... 209 100.0 60.1 29.4 10.4
Wholesale and retail trade....................... 995 100.0 48.8 32.6 18.6
Wholesale trade............................. 294 100.0 50.4 36.7 12.9
Retail trade................................ 701 100.0 48.1 30.9 21.0
Transportation and utilities (4)................. 312 100.0 44.5 38.8 16.7
Transportation and warehousing.............. 297 100.0 44.6 39.2 16.2
Information (4).................................. 195 100.0 41.3 43.5 15.2
Telecommunications.......................... 68 100.0 (3) (3) (3)
Financial activities............................. 607 100.0 58.4 28.7 12.8
Finance and insurance....................... 463 100.0 57.6 29.1 13.3
Finance................................. 331 100.0 58.0 28.7 13.3
Insurance............................... 132 100.0 56.7 30.1 13.2
Real estate and rental and leasing.......... 144 100.0 61.1 27.4 11.5
Professional and business services............... 778 100.0 52.0 35.2 12.8
Professional and technical services......... 507 100.0 56.5 33.7 9.8
Management, administrative, and waste
services................................... 271 100.0 43.5 38.1 18.3
Education and health services.................... 543 100.0 56.9 28.5 14.6
Educational services........................ 105 100.0 49.3 28.6 22.1
Health care and social assistance (4)....... 438 100.0 58.7 28.4 12.8
Hospitals............................... 121 100.0 64.0 27.6 8.4
Health services, except hospitals....... 233 100.0 55.6 31.6 12.8
Leisure and hospitality (4)...................... 326 100.0 52.2 32.5 15.3
Accommodation and food services (4)......... 223 100.0 62.5 26.0 11.4
Food services and drinking places....... 181 100.0 67.2 20.5 12.2
Other services................................... 231 100.0 64.0 20.4 15.6
Government wage and salary workers..................... 265 100.0 55.3 30.2 14.5
1 Data refer to persons who had 3 or more years of tenure on a job they had lost or left between January 2007 and
December 2009 because of plant or company closings or moves, insufficient work, or the abolishment of their positions
or shifts.
2 Total includes a small number of unpaid family workers and persons who did not report industry or class of
worker.
3 Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
4 Includes other industries, not shown separately.
NOTE: Beginning with data for January 2010, industries reflect the introduction of the 2007 census industry
classification system into the Current Population Survey. This industry classification system is derived from the
2007 North American Industry Classification System. No historical data have been revised.
Table 5. Long-tenured displaced workers(1) by occupation of lost job and employment status in January 2010
Percent distribution by employment status
Total
Occupation of lost job (thousands)
Total Employed Unemployed Not in the
labor force
Total, 20 years and over (2)................. 6,938 100.0 48.8 36.1 15.2
Management, professional, and related occupations 2,113 100.0 58.0 30.4 11.5
Management, business, and financial operations
occupations................................... 1,149 100.0 56.7 31.1 12.2
Professional and related occupations........... 964 100.0 59.6 29.7 10.8
Service occupations.............................. 565 100.0 51.8 31.7 16.5
Sales and office occupations..................... 1,718 100.0 46.4 36.4 17.2
Sales and related occupations.................. 675 100.0 53.3 30.1 16.6
Office and administrative support occupations.. 1,043 100.0 41.9 40.5 17.7
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance
occupations..................................... 1,089 100.0 47.5 40.4 12.1
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations..... 26 100.0 (3) (3) (3)
Construction and extraction occupations........ 745 100.0 46.9 40.8 12.4
Installation, maintenance, and repair
occupations.................................... 317 100.0 50.2 39.3 10.5
Production, transportation, and material moving
occupations..................................... 1,382 100.0 38.2 42.0 19.8
Production occupations......................... 873 100.0 37.3 43.3 19.4
Transportation and material moving occupations 508 100.0 39.7 39.7 20.5
1 Data refer to persons who had 3 or more years of tenure on a job they had lost or left between January
2007 and December 2009 because of plant or company closings or moves, insufficient work, or the abolishment of
their positions or shifts.
2 Total includes a small number who did not report occupation.
3 Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
Table 6. Long-tenured displaced workers(1) by selected characteristics and area of residence in January 2010
(In thousands)
New Middle East West South East West
Characteristic Total England Atlantic North North Atlantic South South Mountain Pacific
Central Central Central Central
Workers who lost jobs
Total, 20 years and over........ 6,938 395 829 1,268 444 1,376 343 521 521 1,241
Men................................. 4,183 219 488 755 247 836 208 334 326 771
Women............................... 2,754 177 340 513 197 540 135 187 196 470
Reason for job loss
Plant or company closed down or
moved.............................. 2,123 106 326 395 135 362 121 169 145 365
Insufficient work................... 2,971 166 287 489 151 642 155 265 243 573
Position or shift abolished......... 1,844 124 215 384 158 372 67 87 134 303
Industry and class of worker of lost
job (2)
Agriculture and related industries
wage and salary workers............ 36 1 3 7 2 5 - - 1 17
Nonagricultural industries wage and
salary workers..................... 6,811 392 817 1,240 436 1,352 343 496 514 1,222
Private nonagricultural wage and
salary workers................... 6,546 375 789 1,190 425 1,286 328 493 501 1,157
Mining, quarrying, and oil
and gas extraction......... 73 - 10 2 - 4 4 41 12 -
Construction................ 919 24 64 148 40 269 33 68 88 185
Manufacturing............... 1,568 73 182 407 110 232 133 86 89 256
Durable goods.......... 1,134 49 99 328 90 167 91 58 68 184
Nondurable goods....... 435 23 83 79 21 65 42 28 21 72
Wholesale and retail trade.. 995 61 139 158 66 198 51 76 58 187
Transportation and utilities 312 20 27 78 12 54 22 29 23 47
Information................. 195 30 13 28 23 21 8 22 18 31
Financial activities........ 607 43 66 106 51 137 14 44 37 108
Professional and business
services................... 778 41 90 125 53 152 24 44 89 161
Education and health
services................... 543 33 128 67 33 100 20 56 25 81
Leisure and hospitality..... 326 25 41 44 18 67 13 17 48 52
Other services.............. 231 24 29 26 18 53 7 10 15 48
Government wage and salary workers 265 17 28 49 11 66 14 3 12 65
Employment status
in January 2010
Employed............................ 3,385 197 372 616 264 657 157 275 280 566
Unemployed.......................... 2,502 154 323 457 121 511 138 158 146 493
Not in the labor force.............. 1,051 44 134 195 59 208 48 87 95 182
1 Data refer to persons who had 3 or more years of tenure on a job they had lost or left between January 2007 and
December 2009 because of plant or company closings or moves, insufficient work, or the abolishment of their positions
or shifts.
2 Total includes a small number of unpaid family workers and persons who did not report industry or class of worker.
NOTE: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont compose the New England Division;
New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania compose the Middle Atlantic Division; Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and
Wisconsin compose the East North Central Division; Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South
Dakota compose the West North Central Division; Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Maryland, North Caro-
lina, South Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia compose the South Atlantic Division; Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi,
and Tennessee compose the East South Central Division; Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas compose the West South
Central Division; Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming compose the Mountain Divi-
sion; Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington compose the Pacific Division. Dash represents or rounds to
zero.
Table 7. Long-tenured displaced workers(1) who lost full-time wage and salary jobs and were reemployed in January 2010
by industry of lost job and characteristics of new job
(In thousands)
Reemployed in January 2010
Wage and salary workers
Full time
Self-
Industry and class of worker of lost job employed
Total Earnings relative to those of lost job and
Part unpaid
time family
Total 20 Below, Equal or 20 workers
(2) percent but above, percent
or more within 20 but or more
below percent within 20 above
percent
Total who lost full-time wage and salary
jobs (3)............................... 2,933 424 2,161 649 345 522 295 348
Agriculture and related industries wage and
salary workers............................. 10 1 9 3 1 - 4 -
Nonagricultural industries wage and salary
workers.................................... 2,903 423 2,132 645 341 519 287 348
Private nonagricultural wage and salary
workers.................................. 2,794 406 2,040 624 331 487 263 348
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas
extraction......................... 46 - 39 20 4 - 10 7
Construction........................ 380 51 283 80 45 61 42 46
Manufacturing....................... 575 64 467 162 78 107 39 44
Durable goods.................. 361 38 289 102 46 68 24 34
Nondurable goods............... 214 26 178 60 32 39 14 10
Wholesale and retail trade.......... 407 90 269 94 40 69 39 48
Transportation and utilities........ 133 19 104 32 9 27 15 10
Information......................... 73 6 47 15 9 15 3 20
Financial activities................ 322 38 235 69 43 67 24 49
Professional and business services.. 367 45 253 66 38 63 39 69
Education and health services....... 249 61 169 38 41 42 29 20
Leisure and hospitality............. 123 18 95 30 11 11 20 10
Other services...................... 119 15 79 19 12 24 5 25
Government wage and salary workers........ 109 17 92 21 10 33 25 -
1 Data refer to persons who had 3 or more years of tenure on a job they had lost or left between January 2007 and
December 2009 because of plant or company closings or moves, insufficient work, or the abolishment of their positions
or shifts.
2 Includes about 350,000 persons who did not report earnings on lost job.
3 Includes a small number who did not report industry.
NOTE: Dash represents or rounds to zero.
Table 8. Total displaced workers(1) by selected characteristics and employment status in January 2010
Percent distribution by employment status
Total
Characteristic (thousands)
Total Employed Unemployed Not in the
labor force
Workers who lost jobs
Total, 20 years and over...................... 15,429 100.0 48.8 36.4 14.8
20 to 24 years.................................... 1,528 100.0 48.6 33.8 17.6
25 to 54 years.................................... 11,178 100.0 51.7 36.6 11.7
55 to 64 years.................................... 2,148 100.0 41.4 38.1 20.5
65 years and over................................. 575 100.0 20.8 32.6 46.7
Men, 20 years and over........................ 9,380 100.0 49.1 39.3 11.6
20 to 24 years.................................... 960 100.0 47.0 39.3 13.7
25 to 54 years.................................... 6,892 100.0 52.3 39.0 8.8
55 to 64 years.................................... 1,240 100.0 39.5 40.9 19.6
65 years and over................................. 287 100.0 21.3 40.6 38.1
Women, 20 years and over...................... 6,050 100.0 48.3 32.0 19.7
20 to 24 years.................................... 567 100.0 51.3 24.5 24.2
25 to 54 years.................................... 4,287 100.0 50.7 32.9 16.3
55 to 64 years.................................... 908 100.0 43.9 34.3 21.8
65 years and over................................. 288 100.0 20.3 24.5 55.2
White............................................. 12,227 100.0 51.0 34.7 14.3
Black or African American......................... 2,112 100.0 38.6 46.6 14.8
Asian............................................. 652 100.0 43.6 39.2 17.2
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity...................... 2,546 100.0 49.7 36.6 13.7
Reason for job loss
Plant or company closed down or moved............. 4,178 100.0 53.8 30.7 15.5
Insufficient work................................. 7,765 100.0 44.3 41.2 14.5
Position or shift abolished....................... 3,487 100.0 52.9 32.6 14.5
Occupation of lost job (2)
Management, professional, and related occupations 3,962 100.0 59.6 29.9 10.5
Management, business, and financial operations
occupations.................................... 1,997 100.0 58.6 30.8 10.6
Professional and related occupations........... 1,964 100.0 60.7 28.9 10.4
Service occupations.............................. 1,747 100.0 49.0 35.1 16.0
Sales and office occupations..................... 3,818 100.0 46.2 35.9 17.9
Sales and related occupations.................. 1,688 100.0 50.4 30.9 18.8
Office and administrative support occupations.. 2,130 100.0 42.9 39.8 17.2
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance
occupations.................................... 2,498 100.0 47.5 39.7 12.7
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations..... 86 100.0 45.0 38.1 16.8
Construction and extraction occupations........ 1,766 100.0 47.5 40.6 12.0
Installation, maintenance, and repair
occupations.................................... 646 100.0 48.0 37.7 14.3
Production, transportation, and material moving
occupations.................................... 2,908 100.0 40.3 42.7 17.0
Production occupations......................... 1,668 100.0 40.1 43.2 16.8
Transportation and material moving occupations 1,240 100.0 40.7 42.0 17.3
Industry and class of worker of lost job (2)
Agriculture and related industries wage and salary
workers........................................ 99 100.0 44.4 41.9 13.7
Nonagricultural industries wage and salary workers 14,806 100.0 49.2 36.2 14.5
Private nonagricultural wage and salary workers 14,256 100.0 49.2 36.3 14.4
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas
extraction..................................... 140 100.0 60.5 32.0 7.5
Construction.............................. 2,066 100.0 48.4 39.5 12.1
Manufacturing............................. 2,829 100.0 42.2 43.3 14.5
Durable goods........................ 2,016 100.0 38.9 47.2 13.9
Nondurable goods..................... 814 100.0 50.4 33.5 16.1
Wholesale and retail trade................ 2,263 100.0 46.9 34.8 18.3
Transportation and utilities.............. 691 100.0 46.2 39.2 14.6
Information............................... 379 100.0 43.4 39.8 16.8
Financial activities...................... 1,112 100.0 55.1 30.5 14.4
Professional and business services........ 2,034 100.0 53.6 33.7 12.6
Education and health services............. 1,156 100.0 58.2 27.7 14.1
Leisure and hospitality................... 1,098 100.0 51.0 35.3 13.7
Other services............................ 480 100.0 53.8 30.3 15.9
Government wage and salary workers.............. 550 100.0 49.5 33.4 17.1
1 Data refer to all persons (regardless of years of tenure on lost job) who had lost or left a job
between January 2007 and December 2009 because of plant or company closings or moves, insufficient work,
or the abolishment of their positions or shifts.
2 Total includes a small number of unpaid family workers and persons who did not report occupation,
industry, or class of worker.
NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups (white, black or African American, and Asian) do not sum
to totals because data are not presented for all races. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic
or Latino may be of any race.
United States Department of Labor
