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Economic News Release
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Worker Displacement News Release

For release 10:00 a.m. (ET) Thursday, August 27, 2020 	               USDL-20-1620

Technical information:  cpsinfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/cps
Media contact:  (202) 691-5902  *  PressOffice@bls.gov


                     WORKER DISPLACEMENT: 2017-19


From January 2017 through December 2019, there were 2.7 million workers
displaced from jobs they had held for at least 3 years, the U.S. Bureau
of Labor Statistics reported today. This was down from 3.0 million
workers for the prior survey period covering January 2015 to December
2017. In January 2020, 70 percent of workers displaced from 2017 to 2019
were reemployed, up from 66 percent in January 2018.

The U.S. Department of Labor's Chief Evaluation Office sponsored the
January 2020 survey to collect information on workers who were displaced
from their jobs. Since 1984, these surveys have been conducted biennially 
in January as supplements to the Current Population Survey (CPS), a monthly
survey of households that is the primary source of information on the
nation's labor force.

Displaced workers are defined as persons 20 years of age and over who lost
or left jobs because their plant or company closed or moved, there was 
insufficient work for them to do, or their position or shift was abolished.
The period covered in this study was January 2017 to December 2019, the 3
calendar years prior to the January 2020 survey date. This period was
characterized by employment growth and declining unemployment. The following
analysis focuses primarily on the 2.7 million people who had worked for
their employer for 3 or more years at the time of displacement (referred 
to as long-tenured workers). An additional 3.7 million persons were displaced
from jobs they had held for less than 3 years (referred to as short-tenured
workers). Combining the short- and long-tenured groups, the number of
displaced workers totaled 6.3 million from 2017 to 2019. This is down from 
6.8 million for the 2015-17 survey period.

Highlights from the January 2020 survey:

  --In January 2020, 70 percent of the 2.7 million long-tenured displaced
    workers were reemployed, up from 66 percent in January 2018. (See table 1.)

  --Forty-one percent of long-tenured displaced workers from the 2017-19
    period cited that they lost their job because their plant or company
    closed down or moved; an additional 36 percent said that their position
    or shift was abolished, and 23 percent cited insufficient work. (See table 2.)

  --Seventeen percent of long-tenured displaced workers lost a job in
    manufacturing, and another 15 percent lost a job in professional and
    business services. (See table 4.)

  --Among long-tenured workers who were displaced from full-time wage and
    salary jobs and were reemployed in such jobs in January 2020, 65 percent
    had earnings that were as much or greater than those of their lost job,
    up from 51 percent for the prior survey. (See table 7.)

Characteristics of the Displaced

Seventy percent of the 2.7 million long-tenured displaced workers were reemployed
at the time of the survey in January 2020, up from 66 percent for the January 2018
survey. The proportion unemployed at the time of the most recent survey was 12
percent, little different from January 2018. Eighteen percent of long-tenured
displaced workers were not in the labor force in January 2020, also little changed
from the previous survey. (See table 1.)

In January 2020, the reemployment rate was 75 percent for workers ages 25 to 54,
little changed from the prior survey. Reemployment rates continued to be lower
for older workers; the rates for those ages 55 to 64 and 65 years and over were
67 percent and 44 percent, respectively. Among those age 65 and over, 49 percent
were no longer in the labor force when surveyed.

Among long-tenured displaced workers, men and women had similar reemployment rates
in January 2020 (72 percent and 68 percent, respectively). The reemployment rate
for men increased from the prior survey, while the rate for women changed little.
Long-tenured displaced men and women were about equally likely to be unemployed at
the time of the survey (12 percent and 13 percent, respectively). The share of
both male and female displaced workers who had left the labor force (16 percent 
and 20 percent, respectively) changed little from the prior survey. 

In January 2020, the reemployment rate for long-tenured displaced White workers
rose to 71 percent. The rates for Asians (74 percent), Hispanics (68 percent),
and Blacks (62 percent) changed little from the prior survey. Long-tenured displaced
Blacks were more likely than Whites and Hispanics to be unemployed in January 2020.

Reason for Job Loss and Receipt of Advance Notice

Of the 2.7 million long-tenured workers displaced during January 2017 through
December 2019, 41 percent lost or left their jobs due to plant or company closings
or moves. The proportion of displaced workers citing that their position or shift
was abolished was 36 percent, and the proportion citing insufficient work was 23 
percent. (See table 2.)

Forty-seven percent of long-tenured displaced workers in the January 2020 survey
received written advance notice that their jobs would be terminated, up from 43
percent for the January 2018 survey. Workers who lost jobs during the 2017-19 period
due to plant or company closings or moves continued to be the most likely to receive
written advance notice. Of this group, 60 percent received such notice. In contrast,
44 percent of workers who were displaced because their position or shift was abolished
and 29 percent of those who lost jobs due to insufficient work were notified in
advance. For each of these groups, reemployment rates were not statistically different
for those who received written advanced notice and those who did not. (See table 3.)
 
Industry and Occupation

During the 2017-19 survey reference period, 461,000 long-tenured manufacturing workers
were displaced from their jobs--17 percent of all long-tenured displaced workers. These
displacements occurred mostly in durable goods manufacturing (279,000). Workers in
professional and business services accounted for 15 percent of all long-tenured
displacements, and retail trade accounted for another 13 percent of all displacements.
(See table 4.)

In January 2020, the reemployment rates were not statistically different from January
2018 for most major industry groups. However, the reemployment rates for workers displaced
from retail trade (78 percent) and the information industry (80 percent) increased from
the prior survey. The rate declined for workers displaced from the health care and 
social assistance industry (67 percent). (Workers were not necessarily reemployed in
the same industries from which they were displaced.) 

By major occupational group, the reemployment rate increased to 71 percent for sales
and office occupations in January 2020. Reemployment rates for other major occupational
groups changed little from the prior survey. The January 2020 rates were 74 percent for
those displaced from management, professional, and related occupations; 70 percent for
service occupations; 66 percent for production, transportation, and material moving
occupations; and 59 percent for natural resources, construction, and maintenance
occupations. (See table 5.)

Geographic Divisions

Compared with the 2015-17 period, the number of long-tenured workers displaced during
the 2017-19 period declined for the South Atlantic and East South Central divisions, 
but changed little for the other geographic divisions of the United States. In January
2020, the reemployment rates increased to 82 percent for the Mountain division and 74
percent for East North Central division. The rate fell to 52 percent for the East South
Central division. (See table 6.)

Earnings

Of the 1.7 million long-tenured displaced workers who lost full-time wage and salary
jobs during the 2017-19 period and were reemployed in January 2020, 1.3 million had 
full-time wage and salary jobs in January 2020. Of the reemployed full-time workers 
who reported earnings on their lost job, the proportion that were earning as much or
more than they did at their lost job was 65 percent in January 2020, up from 51 percent
for the January 2018 survey. (See table 7.)

Total Displaced Workers (With No Tenure Restriction)

The total number of workers displaced between January 2017 and December 2019 (regardless
of how long they had held their jobs) was 6.3 million, down by 491,000 from the 2015-17
survey period. Of the total number of workers who lost jobs over the 2017-19 period, 71
percent were reemployed in January 2020, up from the January 2018 survey, and 15 percent
were unemployed, little different from the prior survey. (See table 8.)




Technical Note
 
  The data presented in this release were collected through a supplement to the January 2020
Current Population Survey (CPS), the monthly survey of about 60,000 eligible households
that provides basic data on employment and unemployment for the nation.  The CPS is conducted
by the U.S. Census Bureau for the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). The purpose of this
supplement was to obtain information on the number and characteristics of persons who had
been displaced (as defined below) from their jobs over the prior 3 calendar years. The
collection of these data is sponsored by the Department of Labor's Chief Evaluation Office.

  Additional information, reports, and archived news releases are available at 
https://www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#displaced.

  Data presented in this release are based on Census 2010 population controls that are updated
annually in January.  Additional information, reports, and archived news release are available
at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#pop.

  Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request.
Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.

Reliability of the estimates

  Statistics based on the CPS are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample,
rather than the entire population, is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may
differ from the true population values they represent. The component of this difference that
occurs because samples differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its variability is
measured by the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of
confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard errors
from the true population value because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally conducted
at the 90-percent level of confidence.

  The CPS data also are affected by nonsampling error.  Nonsampling error can occur for many
reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the population, inability to obtain
information for all respondents in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to
provide correct information, and errors made in the collection or processing of the data.

  Information about the reliability of data from the CPS and guidance on estimating standard errors
is available at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#reliability.

Concepts and questions

  Displaced workers are wage and salary workers 20 years of age and over who lost or left jobs 
because their plant or company closed or moved, there was insufficient work for them to do, 
or their position or shift was abolished. Data are often presented for long-tenured displaced
workers--those who had worked for their employer for 3 or more years at the time of displacement.

  Wage and salary workers receive wages, salaries, commissions, tips, payment in kind, or piece
rates. The group includes employees in both the private and public sectors but excludes all 
self-employed persons, both those with incorporated businesses as well as those with unincorporated
businesses.

  Data discussed in this release on displaced workers were obtained from the following
questions:

  (This question was asked of all persons 20 years and over.) During the last 3 calendar
years, that is, January 2017 through December 2019, did (you/name) lose a job or leave one
because: (your/his/her) plant or company closed or moved, (your/his/her) position or shift
was abolished, insufficient work, or another similar reason?

  (If the respondent answered "yes" to the above question on job loss, the following question
was then asked.) Which of these specific reasons describes why (name/you) (is/are) no longer
working at that job?

  Plant or company closed down or moved
  Plant or company operating but lost or left job because of:
    Insufficient work
    Position or shift abolished
    Seasonal job completed
  Self-operated business failed
  Some other reason

  Respondents who provided one of the first three reasons--plant or company closed or moved,
insufficient work, or position or shift abolished--were classified as displaced and asked additional
questions about the lost job, including how many years they had worked for their employer; the year
the job was lost; the earnings, industry, and occupation of the lost job; and whether health
insurance had been provided. Other questions were asked to determine what occurred before and after
the job loss, such as: Was the respondent notified of the upcoming dismissal?  How long did he/she
go without work? Did he/she receive unemployment benefits? And, if so, were the benefits used up?
Did the person move to another location after the job loss to take or look for another job? Information
also was collected about current health insurance coverage (other than Medicare and Medicaid) and
current earnings for those employed at the time of the survey.




Table 1. Long-tenured displaced workers(1) by age, sex, race, Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, and employment status in January 2020
(Numbers in thousands)
Characteristic Total Percent distribution by employment status
Total Employed Unemployed Not in labor
force

Total

Total, 20 years and over

2,672 100.0 70.1 12.4 17.5

20 to 24 years

63 100.0 - - -

25 to 54 years

1,676 100.0 75.1 13.9 11.0

55 to 64 years

702 100.0 66.5 10.7 22.8

65 years and over

232 100.0 44.1 7.4 48.5

Men

Total, 20 years and over

1,466 100.0 71.9 12.3 15.7

20 to 24 years

20 100.0 - - -

25 to 54 years

947 100.0 74.5 14.6 10.9

55 to 64 years

382 100.0 71.7 8.3 20.0

65 years and over

117 100.0 52.6 9.3 38.2

Women

Total, 20 years and over

1,206 100.0 67.8 12.5 19.7

20 to 24 years

42 100.0 - - -

25 to 54 years

729 100.0 75.9 12.9 11.2

55 to 64 years

321 100.0 60.3 13.4 26.3

65 years and over

115 100.0 35.4 5.6 59.1

White

Total, 20 years and over

2,162 100.0 70.9 10.5 18.6

Men

1,211 100.0 73.5 11.0 15.5

Women

951 100.0 67.7 9.7 22.6

Black or African American

Total, 20 years and over

335 100.0 61.8 22.2 16.0

Men

152 100.0 58.5 21.8 19.7

Women

183 100.0 64.6 22.6 12.9

Asian

Total, 20 years and over

110 100.0 73.5 25.6 0.9

Men

62 100.0 - - -

Women

48 100.0 - - -

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

Total, 20 years and over

461 100.0 67.6 8.5 23.9

Men

262 100.0 72.6 7.0 20.5

Women

199 100.0 61.2 10.5 28.3

(1) Data refer to persons who had 3 or more years of tenure on a job they had lost or left between January 2017 and December 2019 because of plant or company closings or moves, insufficient work, or the abolishment of their positions or shifts.

NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 75,000).


Table 2. Long-tenured displaced workers(1) by age, sex, race, Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, and reason for job loss, January 2020
(Numbers in thousands)
Characteristic Total Percent distribution by reason for job loss
Total Plant or company
closed down or
moved
Insufficient work Position or shift
abolished

Total

Total, 20 years and over

2,672 100.0 40.6 23.2 36.2

20 to 24 years

63 100.0 - - -

25 to 54 years

1,676 100.0 42.6 23.2 34.2

55 to 64 years

702 100.0 33.2 24.7 42.1

65 years and over

232 100.0 43.8 19.5 36.7

Men

Total, 20 years and over

1,466 100.0 40.2 25.7 34.2

20 to 24 years

20 100.0 - - -

25 to 54 years

947 100.0 40.0 27.5 32.5

55 to 64 years

382 100.0 36.6 22.1 41.3

65 years and over

117 100.0 48.8 21.2 30.0

Women

Total, 20 years and over

1,206 100.0 41.0 20.3 38.7

20 to 24 years

42 100.0 - - -

25 to 54 years

729 100.0 46.0 17.7 36.3

55 to 64 years

321 100.0 29.1 27.7 43.1

65 years and over

115 100.0 38.7 17.7 43.6

White

Total, 20 years and over

2,162 100.0 40.7 23.0 36.3

Men

1,211 100.0 40.8 25.1 34.1

Women

951 100.0 40.6 20.3 39.1

Black or African American

Total, 20 years and over

335 100.0 47.3 21.4 31.3

Men

152 100.0 46.1 26.0 27.9

Women

183 100.0 48.3 17.6 34.1

Asian

Total, 20 years and over

110 100.0 13.8 24.4 61.8

Men

62 100.0 - - -

Women

48 100.0 - - -

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

Total, 20 years and over

461 100.0 50.6 27.5 22.0

Men

262 100.0 50.2 29.6 20.2

Women

199 100.0 51.0 24.7 24.3

(1) Data refer to persons who had 3 or more years of tenure on a job they had lost or left between January 2017 and December 2019 because of plant or company closings or moves, insufficient work, or the abolishment of their positions or shifts.

NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 75,000).


Table 3. Long-tenured displaced workers(1) by whether they received written advance notice, reason for job loss, and employment status in January 2020
(Numbers in thousands)
Characteristic Total Percent distribution by employment status
Total Employed Unemployed Not in labor
force

Total

Total, 20 years and over(2)

2,672 100.0 70.1 12.4 17.5

Received written advance notice

1,254 100.0 67.8 13.1 19.1

Did not receive written advance notice

1,377 100.0 72.9 11.8 15.3

Plant or company closed down or moved

Total, 20 years and over(2)

1,084 100.0 69.9 11.7 18.4

Received written advance notice

646 100.0 69.4 13.5 17.1

Did not receive written advance notice

415 100.0 73.1 8.3 18.5

Insufficient work

Total, 20 years and over(2)

621 100.0 73.7 8.4 17.9

Received written advance notice

183 100.0 68.1 5.0 26.9

Did not receive written advance notice

431 100.0 76.4 10.0 13.7

Position or shift abolished

Total, 20 years and over(2)

967 100.0 67.9 15.7 16.4

Received written advance notice

425 100.0 65.4 15.9 18.7

Did not receive written advance notice

532 100.0 69.9 16.0 14.2

(1) Data refer to persons who had 3 or more years of tenure on a job they had lost or left between January 2017 and December 2019 because of plant or company closings or moves, insufficient work, or the abolishment of their positions or shifts.
(2) Includes a small number who did not report information on advance notice.
NOTE: Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 75,000).


Table 4. Long-tenured displaced workers(1) by industry and class of worker of lost job and employment status in January 2020
(Numbers in thousands)
Industry and class of worker of lost job Total Percent distribution by employment status
Total Employed Unemployed Not in labor
force

Total, 20 years and over(2)

2,672 100.0 70.1 12.4 17.5

Agriculture and related industries wage and salary workers

26 100.0 - - -

Nonagricultural industries wage and salary workers

2,621 100.0 70.4 12.2 17.4

Private nonagricultural wage and salary workers

2,481 100.0 70.3 12.4 17.3

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction

31 100.0 - - -

Construction

189 100.0 63.6 20.0 16.5

Manufacturing

461 100.0 64.4 13.1 22.4

Durable goods manufacturing

279 100.0 62.1 15.3 22.6

Primary metals and fabricated metal products

57 100.0 - - -

Machinery manufacturing

49 100.0 - - -

Computers and electronic products

55 100.0 - - -

Electrical equipment and appliances

19 100.0 - - -

Transportation equipment

25 100.0 - - -

Miscellaneous manufacturing

27 100.0 - - -

Other durable goods industries

47 100.0 - - -

Nondurable goods manufacturing

182 100.0 68.0 9.7 22.3

Food manufacturing

48 100.0 - - -

Textiles, apparel, and leather

30 100.0 - - -

Paper and printing

41 100.0 - - -

Other nondurable goods industries

64 100.0 - - -

Wholesale and retail trade

435 100.0 76.5 7.0 16.5

Wholesale trade

96 100.0 70.1 4.5 25.4

Retail trade

340 100.0 78.3 7.7 14.0

Transportation and utilities(3)

85 100.0 72.5 14.1 13.4

Transportation and warehousing

78 100.0 74.5 10.8 14.7

Information(3)

126 100.0 80.2 2.9 16.9

Telecommunications

48 100.0 - - -

Financial activities

256 100.0 67.0 18.2 14.8

Finance and insurance

221 100.0 70.3 14.2 15.5

Finance

116 100.0 75.3 15.4 9.3

Insurance

105 100.0 64.8 12.8 22.4

Real estate and rental and leasing

35 100.0 - - -

Professional and business services

393 100.0 71.4 13.2 15.5

Professional and technical services

232 100.0 72.9 16.5 10.6

Management, administrative, and waste services

161 100.0 69.1 8.4 22.4

Education and health services

278 100.0 68.2 13.9 17.8

Educational services

60 100.0 - - -

Health care and social assistance(3)

218 100.0 67.0 12.1 20.9

Hospitals

53 100.0 - - -

Health services, except hospitals

118 100.0 75.0 6.3 18.7

Leisure and hospitality(3)

140 100.0 78.3 5.2 16.5

Accommodation and food services(3)

117 100.0 74.2 6.2 19.6

Food services and drinking places

94 100.0 71.8 7.7 20.5

Other services

86 100.0 72.6 21.9 5.5

Government wage and salary workers

140 100.0 71.9 8.1 20.0

(1) Data refer to persons who had 3 or more years of tenure on a job they had lost or left between January 2017 and December 2019 because of plant or company closings or moves, insufficient work, or the abolishment of their positions or shifts.
(2) Total includes a small number of unpaid family workers and persons who did not report industry or class of worker of lost job, not shown separately.
(3) Includes other industries, not shown separately.

NOTE: Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 75,000).


Table 5. Long-tenured displaced workers(1) by occupation of lost job and employment status in January 2020
(Numbers in thousands)
Occupation of lost job Total Percent distribution by employment status
Total Employed Unemployed Not in labor
force

Total, 20 years and over(2)

2,672 100.0 70.1 12.4 17.5

Management, professional, and related occupations

1,195 100.0 73.5 13.7 12.8

Management, business, and financial operations occupations

715 100.0 71.7 16.2 12.1

Professional and related occupations

481 100.0 76.1 10.0 14.0

Service occupations

252 100.0 69.6 8.9 21.5

Sales and office occupations

603 100.0 71.1 9.8 19.0

Sales and related occupations

283 100.0 76.9 10.3 12.8

Office and administrative support occupations

321 100.0 66.1 9.4 24.5

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations

237 100.0 59.1 14.9 26.0

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations

8 100.0 - - -

Construction and extraction occupations

124 100.0 57.2 14.1 28.8

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations

106 100.0 65.7 10.1 24.2

Production, transportation, and material moving occupations

364 100.0 66.3 10.6 23.2

Production occupations

201 100.0 64.5 13.8 21.7

Transportation and material moving occupations

163 100.0 68.4 6.6 25.0

(1) Data refer to persons who had 3 or more years of tenure on a job they had lost or left between January 2017 and December 2019 because of plant or company closings or moves, insufficient work, or the abolishment of their positions or shifts.
(2) Total includes a small number who did not report occupation or class of worker of lost job.

NOTE: Effective with January 2020 data, occupations reflect the introduction of the 2018 Census occupational classification system into the Current Population Survey. This classification system is derived from the 2018 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC). No historical data have been revised. Data for 2020 are not strictly comparable with earlier years. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 75,000).


Table 6. Long-tenured displaced workers(1) by selected characteristics and area of residence in January 2020
(In thousands)
Characteristic Total New
England
Middle
Atlantic
East
North
Central
West
North
Central
South
Atlantic
East
South
Central
West
South
Central
Mountain Pacific

Workers who lost jobs

Total, 20 years and over

2,672 147 326 408 177 445 108 404 215 442

Men

1,466 78 189 215 109 236 59 199 127 255

Women

1,206 69 137 193 68 210 49 206 88 187

Reason for job loss

Plant or company closed down or moved

1,084 48 114 184 66 185 52 152 85 198

Insufficient work

621 45 82 84 41 112 28 91 45 93

Position or shift abolished

967 54 130 140 70 148 27 162 84 151

Industry and class of worker of lost job(2)

Agriculture and related industries wage and salary workers

26 - - 10 - - - - 3 13

Nonagricultural industries wage and salary workers

2,621 143 326 398 172 440 108 395 211 429

Private nonagricultural wage and salary workers

2,481 134 316 376 161 409 103 379 201 401

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction

31 - - - - - 1 25 1 4

Construction

189 12 25 13 4 53 15 15 27 27

Manufacturing

461 24 54 92 44 70 18 41 25 94

Durable goods manufacturing

279 21 29 59 20 45 12 21 21 51

Nondurable goods manufacturing

182 3 25 32 23 25 6 19 4 43

Wholesale and retail trade

435 18 51 65 24 79 17 87 34 60

Transportation and utilities

85 4 11 23 5 4 2 19 6 12

Information

126 9 19 21 13 6 12 22 3 20

Financial activities

256 9 40 55 15 30 14 56 4 33

Professional and business services

393 25 52 34 29 74 16 58 38 67

Education and health services

278 22 36 46 14 51 4 30 38 36

Leisure and hospitality

140 6 19 9 9 34 5 15 17 27

Other services

86 5 10 18 3 9 - 12 7 21

Government wage and salary workers

140 8 10 21 11 31 4 16 10 28

Employment status in January 2020

Employed

1,872 103 206 300 137 301 56 292 176 301

Unemployed

331 19 41 47 17 68 13 35 15 75

Not in labor force

469 25 79 61 23 77 38 77 24 65

(1) Data refer to persons who had 3 or more years of tenure on a job they had lost or left between January 2017 and December 2019 because of plant or company closings or moves, insufficient work, or the abolishment of their positions or shifts.
(2) Total includes a small number of unpaid family workers and persons who did not report industry or class of worker of lost job, not shown separately.

NOTE: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont compose the New England Division; New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania compose the Middle Atlantic Division; Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin compose the East North Central Division; Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota compose the West North Central Division; Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia compose the South Atlantic Division; Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, and Tennessee compose the East South Central Division; Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas compose the West South Central Division; Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming compose the Mountain Division; Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington compose the Pacific Division. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 75,000).


Table 7. Long-tenured displaced workers(1) who lost full-time wage and salary jobs and were reemployed in January 2020 by industry of lost job and characteristics of new job
(In thousands)
Industry and class of worker of lost job Reemployed in January 2020
Total Wage and salary workers Self-
employed
and unpaid
family
workers
Part time Full time
Total(2) Earnings relative to those of lost job
20 percent
or more
below
Below, but
within 20
percent
Equal or
above, but
within 20
percent
20 percent
or more
above

Total who lost full-time wage and salary jobs(3)

1,672 186 1,335 172 181 383 269 151

Agriculture and related industries wage and salary workers

11 4 7 - - 5 1 -

Nonagricultural industries wage and salary workers

1,645 181 1,314 172 180 373 267 150

Private nonagricultural wage and salary workers

1,569 168 1,250 156 175 362 244 150

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction

18 - 14 2 6 0 5 4

Construction

116 9 84 15 14 15 10 24

Manufacturing

285 18 244 28 26 86 47 23

Durable goods manufacturing

169 10 141 23 17 48 24 18

Nondurable goods manufacturing

116 8 103 5 9 38 23 5

Wholesale and retail trade

286 46 237 51 14 61 38 3

Transportation and utilities

62 - 53 9 13 19 7 9

Information

100 0 77 17 16 21 6 22

Financial activities

172 11 150 15 20 51 22 11

Professional and business services

260 12 214 2 38 63 68 34

Education and health services

144 30 109 16 16 32 17 6

Leisure and hospitality

67 15 43 1 12 4 12 9

Other services

59 27 27 1 1 10 12 5

Government wage and salary workers

77 13 64 16 5 11 23 -

(1) Data refer to persons who had 3 or more years of tenure on a job they had lost or left between January 2017 and December 2019 because of plant or company closings or moves, insufficient work, or the abolishment of their positions or shifts.
(2) Includes persons who did not report earnings on lost job.
(3) Includes other industries, not shown separately.

NOTE: Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 75,000).


Table 8. Total displaced workers(1) by selected characteristics and employment status in January 2020
(Numbers in thousands)
Characteristic Total Percent distribution by employment status
Total Employed Unemployed Not in labor
force

Workers who lost jobs

Total, 20 years and over

6,334 100.0 70.9 15.0 14.1

20 to 24 years

670 100.0 75.1 11.8 13.1

25 to 54 years

4,177 100.0 74.4 16.2 9.4

55 to 64 years

1,142 100.0 64.8 13.3 21.9

65 years and over

344 100.0 40.1 13.0 47.0

Men, 20 years and over

3,412 100.0 71.4 15.8 12.8

20 to 24 years

328 100.0 69.6 15.6 14.8

25 to 54 years

2,276 100.0 75.0 16.3 8.7

55 to 64 years

622 100.0 67.6 13.5 18.9

65 years and over

186 100.0 43.0 17.7 39.3

Women, 20 years and over

2,922 100.0 70.3 14.1 15.6

20 to 24 years

341 100.0 80.3 8.2 11.5

25 to 54 years

1,902 100.0 73.8 16.0 10.2

55 to 64 years

520 100.0 61.4 13.0 25.5

65 years and over

158 100.0 36.6 7.4 55.9

White

4,813 100.0 72.0 12.6 15.3

Black or African American

954 100.0 62.7 25.9 11.4

Asian

304 100.0 71.6 22.4 6.0

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

1,235 100.0 70.7 14.3 15.0

Reason for job loss

Plant or company closed down or moved

2,275 100.0 70.5 13.4 16.1

Insufficient work

2,260 100.0 71.3 16.1 12.5

Position or shift abolished

1,798 100.0 70.8 15.7 13.5

Occupation of lost job(2)

Management, professional, and related occupations

2,266 100.0 74.2 14.9 10.9

Management, business, and financial operations occupations

1,252 100.0 72.4 18.2 9.4

Professional and related occupations

1,014 100.0 76.4 10.8 12.8

Service occupations

890 100.0 73.9 14.5 11.7

Sales and office occupations

1,414 100.0 71.2 11.9 16.8

Sales and related occupations

698 100.0 69.7 15.1 15.2

Office and administrative support occupations

716 100.0 72.8 8.8 18.4

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations

620 100.0 68.2 14.4 17.4

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations

14 100.0 - - -

Construction and extraction occupations

420 100.0 72.6 13.3 14.1

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations

186 100.0 63.2 14.3 22.5

Production, transportation, and material moving occupations

948 100.0 63.5 18.9 17.6

Production occupations

508 100.0 59.8 19.1 21.1

Transportation and material moving occupations

441 100.0 67.8 18.7 13.6

Industry and class of worker of lost job(2)

Agriculture and related industries wage and salary workers

36 100.0 - - -

Nonagricultural industries wage and salary workers

6,094 100.0 71.3 14.8 13.9

Private nonagricultural wage and salary workers

5,842 100.0 70.9 15.2 13.9

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction

54 100.0 - - -

Construction

544 100.0 68.3 19.2 12.5

Manufacturing

908 100.0 63.6 18.2 18.2

Durable goods manufacturing

576 100.0 62.0 21.0 17.0

Nondurable goods manufacturing

332 100.0 66.3 13.3 20.3

Wholesale and retail trade

1,045 100.0 70.5 12.5 17.0

Transportation and utilities

194 100.0 78.3 14.5 7.2

Information

202 100.0 80.1 7.9 12.0

Financial activities

402 100.0 65.6 19.1 15.3

Professional and business services

975 100.0 71.2 17.7 11.2

Education and health services

632 100.0 76.5 10.7 12.8

Leisure and hospitality

598 100.0 76.7 12.1 11.2

Other services

268 100.0 70.3 20.4 9.4

Government wage and salary workers

252 100.0 79.8 4.5 15.7

(1) Data refer to all persons (regardless of years of tenure on lost job) who had lost or left a job between January 2017 and December 2019 because of plant or company closings or moves, insufficient work, or the abolishment of their positions or shifts.
(2) Total includes a small number of unpaid family workers and persons who did not report occupation, industry or class of worker of lost job, not shown separately.

NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Effective with January 2020 data, occupations reflect the introduction of the 2018 Census occupational classification system into the Current Population Survey. This classification system is derived from the 2018 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC). No historical data have been revised. Data for 2020 are not strictly comparable with earlier years. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 75,000).


Last Modified Date: September 21, 2022