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Economic News Release
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Worker Displacement News Release

For release 10:00 a.m. (EDT) Tuesday, August 28, 2018                        USDL-18-1370

Technical information: (202) 691-6378  *  cpsinfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/cps
Media contact:         (202) 691-5902  *  PressOffice@bls.gov


                                WORKER DISPLACEMENT: 2015-17


From January 2015 through December 2017, there were 3.0 million workers displaced from
jobs they had held for at least 3 years, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported
today. This was down slightly from 3.2 million workers for the prior survey period
covering January 2013 to December 2015. In January 2018, 66 percent of workers displaced
from 2015 to 2017 were reemployed, little different from the reemployment rate for
January 2016.

The U.S. Department of Labor's Chief Evaluation Office sponsored the January 2018 survey
to collect information on workers who were displaced from their jobs. Since 1984, these
surveys have been conducted biennially in January as supplements to the Current Population
Survey (CPS), a monthly survey of households that is the primary source of information on
the nation's labor force.

Displaced workers are defined as persons 20 years of age and over who lost or left jobs
because their plant or company closed or moved, there was insufficient work for them
to do, or their position or shift was abolished. The period covered in this study was
2015-17, the 3 calendar years prior to the January 2018 survey date. This period was
characterized by employment growth and declining unemployment. The following analysis
focuses primarily on the 3.0 million persons who had worked for their employer for 3
or more years at the time of displacement (referred to as long-tenured workers). An
additional 3.8 million persons were displaced from jobs they had held for less than
3 years (referred to as short-tenured workers). Combining the short- and long-tenured
groups, the number of displaced workers totaled 6.8 million from 2015 to 2017. This is
down from 7.4 million for the 2013-15 survey period.

Highlights from the January 2018 survey:

   --In January 2018, 66 percent of the 3.0 million long-tenured displaced workers
     were reemployed, little different than in January 2016. (See table 1.)

   --Thirty-seven percent of long-tenured displaced workers from the 2015-17 period
     cited that they lost their job because their plant or company closed down or
     moved; an additional 37 percent said that their position or shift was abolished,
     and 26 percent cited insufficient work. (See table 2.)

   --Sixteen percent of long-tenured displaced workers lost a job in manufacturing.
     (See table 4.)

   --Among long-tenured workers who were displaced from full-time wage and salary
     jobs and were reemployed in such jobs in January 2018, 51 percent had earnings
     that were as much or greater than those of their lost job, similar to the prior
     survey. (See table 7.)

Characteristics of the Displaced

Sixty-six percent of the 3.0 million long-tenured displaced workers were reemployed at
the time of the survey in January 2018, little different from the January 2016 survey.
The proportion unemployed at the time of the most recent survey was 14 percent, also
little different from January 2016. Nineteen percent of long-tenured displaced workers
were not in the labor force in January 2018, essentially unchanged from the previous
survey. (See table 1.)

In January 2018, the reemployment rate was 76 percent for workers ages 25 to 54, up
slightly from the prior survey. Reemployment rates continued to be lower for older
workers; the rates for those ages 55 to 64 and 65 years and over were 60 percent and
31 percent, respectively. Among those age 65 and over, 57 percent were no longer in
the labor force when surveyed, little different from the prior survey.

Among long-tenured displaced workers, men and women had similar reemployment rates in
January 2018 (67 percent and 65 percent, respectively). The reemployment rates for men
and women changed little from the prior survey. Long-tenured displaced men and women
were about equally likely to be unemployed at the time of the survey (15 percent and
14 percent, respectively). The share of male displaced workers who had left the labor
force remained at 18 percent, and the share of women was little changed at 21 percent.

In January 2018, the reemployment rate for long-tenured displaced Asian workers rose
to 70 percent. The rates for Hispanics (69 percent), Blacks (66 percent), and Whites
(65 percent) changed little from the prior survey.

Reason for Job Loss and Receipt of Advance Notice

Of the 3.0 million long-tenured workers displaced during the January 2015 through
December 2017 period, 37 percent lost or left their jobs due to plant or company
closings or moves. The proportion of displaced workers citing that their position or
shift was abolished was also 37 percent, and the proportion citing insufficient work
was 26 percent. (See table 2.)

Forty-three percent of long-tenured displaced workers in the January 2018 survey
received written advance notice that their jobs would be terminated, little changed
from the January 2016 survey. Workers who lost jobs during the 2015-17 period due
to plant or company closings or moves continued to be most likely to receive written
advance notice. Of this group, 58 percent received such notice. In contrast, 39
percent of workers who were displaced because their position or shift was abolished
and 26 percent of those who lost jobs due to insufficient work were notified in
advance. For each of these groups, reemployment rates were not statistically different
for those who received written advanced notice and those who did not. (See table 3.)

Industry and Occupation

During the 2015-17 period, 479,000 long-tenured manufacturing workers were displaced
from their jobs--16 percent of all long-tenured displaced workers. Manufacturing
displacements occurred mostly in the durable goods industry (313,000). Workers in
professional and business services accounted for 15 percent of all long-tenured
displacements, while retail trade accounted for 12 percent of displacements, as did
education and health services. (See table 4.)

For most major industry groups, in January 2018 reemployment rates were not statistically
different from January 2016. The reemployment rate for workers displaced from the
information industry, however, declined from the prior survey, making them the least
likely to be reemployed in January 2018 (47 percent). Workers displaced from the health
care and social assistance industry were most likely to be reemployed, at 81 percent.
(Workers were not necessarily reemployed in the same industries from which they were
displaced.)

For the major occupation groups, the reemployment rates changed little from the prior
survey. The January 2018 reemployment rates were 72 percent for those displaced from
management, professional, and related occupations; 71 percent for production,
transportation and material moving occupations; 64 percent for service occupations;
62 percent for sales and office occupations; and 60 percent for natural resources,
construction, and maintenance occupations. (See table 5.)

Geographic Divisions

The number of long-tenured workers displaced during the 2015-17 period changed little
from the 2013-15 period in most of the geographic divisions of the United States. In
January 2018, the reemployment rates increased to 73 percent for the East South Central
division and 68 percent for Middle Atlantic division. The rate fell to 62 percent for
the Mountain division. (See table 6.) 

Earnings

Of the 1.8 million long-tenured displaced workers who lost full-time wage and salary jobs
during the 2015-17 period and were reemployed in January 2018, 1.4 million had full-time
wage and salary jobs in January 2018. Of these reemployed full-time workers who reported
earnings on their lost job, the proportion that were earning as much or more than they did
at their lost job was 51 percent in January 2018, little different from the January 2016
survey. (See table 7.)

Total Displaced Workers (With No Tenure Restriction)

The total number of workers displaced between January 2015 and December 2017 (regardless
of how long they had held their jobs) was 6.8 million, down by 615,000 from the 2013-15
survey period. Of the total number of workers who lost jobs over the 2015-17 period,
68 percent were reemployed and 16 percent were unemployed in January 2018; both little
different from the prior survey. (See table 8.)




Technical Note

   The data presented in this release were collected through a supplement to the
January 2018 Current Population Survey (CPS), the monthly survey of about 60,000
eligible households that provides basic data on employment and unemployment for 
the nation. The CPS is conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the Bureau of Labor
Statistics (BLS). The purpose of this supplement was to obtain information on the
number and characteristics of persons who had been displaced (as defined below)
from their jobs over the prior 3 calendar years. The collection of these data is
sponsored by the Department of Labor's Chief Evaluation Office. Additional
information, reports, and archived news releases are available at
www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#displaced.

   Data presented in this release are based on Census 2010 population controls that
are updated annually in January. For additional information, see "Population control
adjustments to the CPS" available at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#pop.

   Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired
individuals upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service:
(800) 877-8339.

Reliability of the estimates

   Statistics based on the CPS are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error.
When a sample, rather than the entire population, is surveyed, there is a chance
that the sample estimates may differ from the true population values they represent.
The component of this difference that occurs because samples differ by chance is
known as sampling error, and its variability is measured by the standard error of
the estimate. There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that an
estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard errors from the
true population value because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally conducted
at the 90-percent level of confidence.

   The CPS data also are affected by nonsampling error. Nonsampling error can occur
for many reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the population,
inability to obtain information for all respondents in the sample, inability or
unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information, and errors made in the
collection or processing of the data.

   Information about the reliability of data from the CPS and guidance on estimating
standard errors is available at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#reliability.

Concepts and questions

   Displaced workers are wage and salary workers 20 years of age and over who lost
or left jobs because their plant or company closed or moved, there was insufficient
work for them to do, or their position or shift was abolished. Data are often presented
for long-tenured displaced workers--those who had worked for their employer for 3 or
more years at the time of displacement.

   Wage and salary workers receive wages, salaries, commissions, tips, payment in kind,
or piece rates. The group includes employees in both the private and public sectors but
excludes all self-employed persons, both those with incorporated businesses as well as
those with unincorporated businesses.

   Data discussed in this release on displaced workers were obtained from the following
questions:

   (This question was asked of all persons 20 years and over.) During the last 3 calendar
years, that is, January 2015 through December 2017, did (you/name) lose a job or leave
one because: (your/his/her) plant or company closed or moved, (your/his/her) position or
shift was abolished, insufficient work, or another similar reason?

   (If the respondent answered "yes" to the above question on job loss, the following
question was then asked.) Which of these specific reasons describes why (name/you)
(is/are) no longer working at that job?

   Plant or company closed down or moved
   Plant or company operating but lost or left job because of:
     Insufficient work
     Position or shift abolished
     Seasonal job completed
   Self-operated business failed
   Some other reason

   Respondents who provided one of the first three reasons--plant or company closed or
moved, insufficient work, or position or shift abolished--were classified as displaced
and asked additional questions about the lost job, including how many years they had
worked for their employer; the year the job was lost; the earnings, industry, and
occupation of the lost job; and whether health insurance had been provided. Other
questions were asked to determine what occurred before and after the job loss, such
as: Was the respondent notified of the upcoming dismissal?  How long did he/she go
without work? Did he/she receive unemployment benefits? And, if so, were the benefits
used up? Did the person move to another location after the job loss to take or look for
another job? Information also was collected about current health insurance coverage
(other than Medicare and Medicaid) and current earnings for those employed at the time
of the survey.




Table 1. Long-tenured displaced workers(1) by age, sex, race, Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, and employment status in January 2018
(Numbers in thousands)
Characteristic Total Percent distribution by employment status
Total Employed Unemployed Not in the
labor force

Total

Total, 20 years and over

2,981 100.0 66.4 14.4 19.3

20 to 24 years

73 100.0 - - -

25 to 54 years

1,759 100.0 75.6 14.9 9.4

55 to 64 years

798 100.0 60.2 14.9 24.8

65 years and over

351 100.0 30.7 12.2 57.2

Men

Total, 20 years and over

1,681 100.0 67.4 14.8 17.7

20 to 24 years

33 100.0 - - -

25 to 54 years

988 100.0 75.1 17.2 7.7

55 to 64 years

483 100.0 61.5 12.0 26.4

65 years and over

176 100.0 37.0 9.4 53.5

Women

Total, 20 years and over

1,301 100.0 65.0 13.8 21.3

20 to 24 years

40 100.0 - - -

25 to 54 years

771 100.0 76.3 12.0 11.7

55 to 64 years

315 100.0 58.2 19.3 22.4

65 years and over

175 100.0 24.3 14.9 60.8

White

Total, 20 years and over

2,435 100.0 65.3 14.3 20.4

Men

1,390 100.0 66.0 14.7 19.3

Women

1,045 100.0 64.4 13.6 22.0

Black or African American

Total, 20 years and over

285 100.0 65.9 21.2 12.9

Men

139 100.0 68.3 21.8 10.0

Women

146 100.0 63.7 20.7 15.6

Asian

Total, 20 years and over

157 100.0 69.9 7.5 22.5

Men

83 100.0 78.2 5.8 16.0

Women

74 100.0 - - -

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

Total, 20 years and over

404 100.0 68.6 21.8 9.6

Men

238 100.0 72.1 18.1 9.9

Women

167 100.0 63.7 27.1 9.2

(1) Data refer to persons who had 3 or more years of tenure on a job they had lost or left between January 2015 and December 2017 because of plant or company closings or moves, insufficient work, or the abolishment of their positions or shifts.

NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.


Table 2. Long-tenured displaced workers(1) by age, sex, race, Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, and reason for job loss, January 2018
(Numbers in thousands)
Characteristic Total Percent distribution by reason for job loss
Total Plant or company
closed down or
moved
Insufficient work Position or shift
abolished

Total

Total, 20 years and over

2,981 100.0 36.7 26.3 37.0

20 to 24 years

73 100.0 - - -

25 to 54 years

1,759 100.0 36.4 28.6 35.0

55 to 64 years

798 100.0 35.9 20.3 43.8

65 years and over

351 100.0 37.1 28.9 33.9

Men

Total, 20 years and over

1,681 100.0 33.0 31.8 35.2

20 to 24 years

33 100.0 - - -

25 to 54 years

988 100.0 31.9 35.3 32.8

55 to 64 years

483 100.0 37.1 22.2 40.6

65 years and over

176 100.0 32.1 35.9 32.0

Women

Total, 20 years and over

1,301 100.0 41.4 19.4 39.3

20 to 24 years

40 100.0 - - -

25 to 54 years

771 100.0 42.1 20.0 37.9

55 to 64 years

315 100.0 34.1 17.3 48.6

65 years and over

175 100.0 42.2 21.9 35.9

White

Total, 20 years and over

2,435 100.0 36.4 26.6 37.0

Men

1,390 100.0 33.3 32.1 34.7

Women

1,045 100.0 40.6 19.4 40.0

Black or African American

Total, 20 years and over

285 100.0 33.2 30.3 36.4

Men

139 100.0 26.2 33.1 40.6

Women

146 100.0 39.9 27.6 32.5

Asian

Total, 20 years and over

157 100.0 46.5 14.2 39.3

Men

83 100.0 39.9 21.8 38.3

Women

74 100.0 - - -

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

Total, 20 years and over

404 100.0 52.0 28.0 20.0

Men

238 100.0 53.5 33.4 13.1

Women

167 100.0 49.8 20.3 29.9

(1) Data refer to persons who had 3 or more years of tenure on a job they had lost or left between January 2015 and December 2017 because of plant or company closings or moves, insufficient work, or the abolishment of their positions or shifts.

NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.


Table 3. Long-tenured displaced workers(1) by whether they received written advance notice, reason for job loss, and employment status in January 2018
(Numbers in thousands)
Characteristic Total Percent distribution by employment status
Total Employed Unemployed Not in the
labor force

Total

Total, 20 years and over(2)

2,981 100.0 66.4 14.4 19.3

Received written advance notice

1,272 100.0 65.9 14.2 19.9

Did not receive written advance notice

1,650 100.0 66.7 14.5 18.8

Plant or company closed down or moved

Total, 20 years and over(2)

1,093 100.0 70.4 9.6 19.9

Received written advance notice

632 100.0 68.7 11.8 19.5

Did not receive written advance notice

432 100.0 73.3 6.2 20.6

Insufficient work

Total, 20 years and over(2)

786 100.0 66.1 14.2 19.7

Received written advance notice

206 100.0 60.1 15.5 24.4

Did not receive written advance notice

576 100.0 68.0 13.8 18.2

Position or shift abolished

Total, 20 years and over(2)

1,103 100.0 62.5 19.2 18.2

Received written advance notice

435 100.0 64.6 17.0 18.3

Did not receive written advance notice

643 100.0 61.1 20.8 18.1

(1) Data refer to persons who had 3 or more years of tenure on a job they had lost or left between January 2015 and December 2017 because of plant or company closings or moves, insufficient work, or the abolishment of their positions or shifts.
(2) Includes a small number who did not report information on advance notice.


Table 4. Long-tenured displaced workers(1) by industry and class of worker of lost job and employment status in January 2018
(Numbers in thousands)
Industry and class of worker of lost job Total Percent distribution by employment status
Total Employed Unemployed Not in the
labor force

Total, 20 years and over(2)

2,981 100.0 66.4 14.4 19.3

Agriculture and related industries wage and salary workers

35 100.0 - - -

Nonagricultural industries wage and salary workers

2,893 100.0 66.9 13.9 19.2

Private nonagricultural wage and salary workers

2,772 100.0 66.9 14.0 19.1

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction

96 100.0 54.1 13.4 32.5

Construction

165 100.0 60.9 15.5 23.6

Manufacturing

479 100.0 64.7 13.7 21.7

Durable goods manufacturing

313 100.0 67.5 8.6 23.9

Primary metals and fabricated metal products

48 100.0 - - -

Machinery manufacturing

67 100.0 - - -

Computers and electronic products

52 100.0 - - -

Electrical equipment and appliances

29 100.0 - - -

Transportation equipment

58 100.0 - - -

Miscellaneous manufacturing

49 100.0 - - -

Other durable goods industries

11 100.0 - - -

Nondurable goods manufacturing

166 100.0 59.3 23.3 17.4

Food manufacturing

46 100.0 - - -

Textiles, apparel, and leather

14 100.0 - - -

Paper and printing

32 100.0 - - -

Other nondurable goods industries

73 100.0 - - -

Wholesale and retail trade

479 100.0 67.7 10.6 21.7

Wholesale trade

122 100.0 67.4 11.7 20.9

Retail trade

357 100.0 67.9 10.2 21.9

Transportation and utilities(3)

88 100.0 64.7 18.4 16.8

Transportation and warehousing

73 100.0 - - -

Information(3)

98 100.0 47.3 38.9 13.8

Telecommunications

38 100.0 - - -

Financial activities

205 100.0 68.1 15.9 16.0

Finance and insurance

152 100.0 64.0 21.4 14.6

Finance

73 100.0 - - -

Insurance

80 100.0 51.6 29.5 18.9

Real estate and rental and leasing

53 100.0 - - -

Professional and business services

439 100.0 67.3 15.9 16.8

Professional and technical services

328 100.0 68.3 16.2 15.5

Management, administrative, and waste services

112 100.0 64.5 15.1 20.5

Education and health services

368 100.0 77.5 10.0 12.5

Educational services

98 100.0 67.5 19.1 13.4

Health care and social assistance(3)

270 100.0 81.2 6.7 12.1

Hospitals

62 100.0 - - -

Health services, except hospitals

173 100.0 83.9 4.6 11.4

Leisure and hospitality(3)

234 100.0 65.9 10.3 23.8

Accommodation and food services(3)

188 100.0 65.8 11.7 22.6

Food services and drinking places

159 100.0 59.6 13.8 26.6

Other services

108 100.0 76.0 10.9 13.1

Government wage and salary workers

120 100.0 66.7 9.9 23.4

(1) Data refer to persons who had 3 or more years of tenure on a job they had lost or left between January 2015 and December 2017 because of plant or company closings or moves, insufficient work, or the abolishment of their positions or shifts.
(2) Total includes a small number of unpaid family workers and persons who did not report industry or class of worker of lost job, not shown separately.
(3) Includes other industries, not shown separately.

Note: Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.


Table 5. Long-tenured displaced workers(1) by occupation of lost job and employment status in January 2018
(Numbers in thousands)
Occupation of lost job Total Percent distribution by employment status
Total Employed Unemployed Not in the
labor force

Total, 20 years and over(2)

2,981 100.0 66.4 14.4 19.3

Management, professional, and related occupations

1,143 100.0 71.7 13.0 15.4

Management, business, and financial operations occupations

598 100.0 73.5 10.4 16.0

Professional and related occupations

545 100.0 69.6 15.8 14.6

Service occupations

293 100.0 63.9 16.5 19.6

Sales and office occupations

796 100.0 61.5 16.5 22.0

Sales and related occupations

343 100.0 67.8 13.2 19.0

Office and administrative support occupations

453 100.0 56.7 18.9 24.4

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations

291 100.0 60.2 16.6 23.2

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations

34 100.0 - - -

Construction and extraction occupations

169 100.0 60.4 14.1 25.5

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations

88 100.0 62.1 18.5 19.4

Production, transportation, and material moving occupations

415 100.0 70.7 7.7 21.6

Production occupations

246 100.0 73.8 6.4 19.8

Transportation and material moving occupations

168 100.0 66.0 9.6 24.3

(1) Data refer to persons who had 3 or more years of tenure on a job they had lost or left between January 2015 and December 2017 because of plant or company closings or moves, insufficient work, or the abolishment of their positions or shifts.
(2) Total includes a small number who did not report occupation or class of worker of lost job.

Note: Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.


Table 6. Long-tenured displaced workers(1) by selected characteristics and area of residence in January 2018
(In thousands)
Characteristic Total New
England
Middle
Atlantic
East
North
Central
West
North
Central
South
Atlantic
East
South
Central
West
South
Central
Mountain Pacific

Workers who lost jobs

Total, 20 years and over

2,981 183 362 470 209 541 184 377 206 449

Men

1,681 82 242 241 131 298 103 236 117 231

Women

1,301 100 121 229 78 244 81 141 89 217

Reason for job loss

Plant or company closed down or moved

1,093 74 85 162 63 211 98 146 67 186

Insufficient work

786 36 128 111 58 108 50 124 50 122

Position or shift abolished

1,103 73 149 197 87 222 36 108 89 141

Industry and class of worker of lost job(2)

Agriculture and related industries wage and salary workers

35 8 - - 3 4 - 1 1 19

Nonagricultural industries wage and salary workers

2,893 165 362 458 206 517 184 372 206 423

Private nonagricultural wage and salary workers

2,772 152 353 428 191 498 177 367 195 411

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction

96 - 4 - 3 8 8 44 28 1

Construction

165 4 18 17 13 37 12 22 18 25

Manufacturing

479 39 60 128 27 63 31 43 28 60

Durable goods manufacturing

313 23 48 68 15 46 11 43 21 38

Nondurable goods manufacturing

166 16 12 60 12 17 20 - 7 22

Wholesale and retail trade

479 28 43 80 44 63 61 61 21 78

Transportation and utilities

88 0 16 10 8 28 2 3 6 15

Information

98 1 32 18 10 9 - 12 5 11

Financial activities

205 17 10 37 17 63 16 25 1 18

Professional and business services

439 27 56 50 31 87 7 95 36 51

Education and health services

368 29 54 44 28 67 12 25 22 88

Leisure and hospitality

234 5 48 24 8 42 18 26 15 47

Other services

108 1 14 21 2 23 10 10 10 16

Government wage and salary workers

120 13 9 29 15 19 7 5 11 12

Employment status in January 2018

Employed

1,978 122 247 295 139 358 134 244 128 312

Unemployed

429 31 59 72 19 73 13 53 33 77

Not in the labor force

574 30 56 103 51 110 38 80 45 60

(1) Data refer to persons who had 3 or more years of tenure on a job they had lost or left between January 2015 and December 2017 because of plant or company closings or moves, insufficient work, or the abolishment of their positions or shifts.
(2) Total includes a small number of unpaid family workers and persons who did not report industry or class of worker of lost job, not shown separately.

NOTE: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont compose the New England Division; New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania compose the Middle Atlantic Division; Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin compose the East North Central Division; Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota compose the West North Central Division; Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia compose the South Atlantic Division; Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, and Tennessee compose the East South Central Division; Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas compose the West South Central Division; Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming compose the Mountain Division; Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington compose the Pacific Division. Dash represents or rounds to zero.


Table 7. Long-tenured displaced workers(1) who lost full-time wage and salary jobs and were reemployed in January 2018 by industry of lost job and characteristics of new job
(In thousands)
Industry and class of worker of lost job Reemployed in January 2018
Total Wage and salary workers Self-
employed
and
unpaid
family
workers
Part
time
Full time
Total(2) Earnings relative to those of lost job
20 percent
or more
below
Below, but
within 20
percent
Equal or
above, but
within 20
percent
20 percent
or more
above

Total who lost full-time wage and salary jobs(3)

1,755 185 1,430 326 259 340 278 139

Agriculture and related industries wage and salary workers

17 - 17 - 1 11 5 -

Nonagricultural industries wage and salary workers

1,720 185 1,395 321 258 325 264 139

Private nonagricultural wage and salary workers

1,655 174 1,346 303 248 317 253 135

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction

50 4 37 18 9 1 7 9

Construction

100 - 84 24 13 15 8 16

Manufacturing

299 29 252 65 35 73 38 19

Durable goods manufacturing

206 14 179 44 24 57 29 14

Nondurable goods manufacturing

93 15 73 22 11 16 9 5

Wholesale and retail trade

286 37 228 32 36 55 39 21

Transportation and utilities

53 10 43 10 14 3 8 -

Information

45 1 36 12 2 1 15 8

Financial activities

138 9 124 18 32 40 18 5

Professional and business services

269 14 233 49 50 65 49 21

Education and health services

233 38 185 55 40 32 41 10

Leisure and hospitality

103 19 67 19 8 18 2 18

Other services

71 14 49 0 3 13 27 8

Government wage and salary workers

65 11 49 18 10 7 11 5

(1) Data refer to persons who had 3 or more years of tenure on a job they had lost or left between January 2015 and December 2017 because of plant or company closings or moves, insufficient work, or the abolishment of their positions or shifts.
(2) Includes persons who did not report earnings on lost job.
(3) Includes other industries, not shown separately.

NOTE: Dash represents or rounds to zero.


Table 8. Total displaced workers(1) by selected characteristics and employment status in January 2018
(Numbers in thousands)
Characteristic Total Percent distribution by employment status
Total Employed Unemployed Not in the
labor force

Workers who lost jobs

Total, 20 years and over

6,825 100.0 67.8 16.1 16.1

20 to 24 years

717 100.0 73.1 12.3 14.7

25 to 54 years

4,377 100.0 73.0 16.6 10.5

55 to 64 years

1,236 100.0 60.8 17.1 22.1

65 years and over

494 100.0 31.5 15.0 53.5

Men, 20 years and over

4,025 100.0 68.9 16.7 14.4

20 to 24 years

439 100.0 73.3 13.3 13.4

25 to 54 years

2,549 100.0 73.2 18.4 8.4

55 to 64 years

772 100.0 62.9 14.8 22.3

65 years and over

264 100.0 38.0 11.1 50.8

Women, 20 years and over

2,800 100.0 66.1 15.2 18.6

20 to 24 years

278 100.0 72.7 10.5 16.7

25 to 54 years

1,828 100.0 72.7 14.0 13.4

55 to 64 years

464 100.0 57.3 21.0 21.7

65 years and over

230 100.0 24.0 19.4 56.6

White

5,277 100.0 67.8 15.2 16.9

Black or African American

929 100.0 62.2 23.8 13.9

Asian

316 100.0 69.7 12.2 18.2

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

1,135 100.0 64.4 22.3 13.3

Reason for job loss

Plant or company closed down or moved

2,121 100.0 70.1 12.3 17.7

Insufficient work

2,616 100.0 67.3 17.0 15.7

Position or shift abolished

2,087 100.0 66.0 18.8 15.2

Occupation of lost job(2)

Management, professional, and related occupations

2,209 100.0 73.5 13.1 13.4

Management, business, and financial operations occupations

1,134 100.0 73.5 15.1 11.4

Professional and related occupations

1,075 100.0 73.4 11.1 15.5

Service occupations

928 100.0 66.4 14.8 18.8

Sales and office occupations

1,626 100.0 63.4 18.9 17.7

Sales and related occupations

760 100.0 70.1 12.5 17.4

Office and administrative support occupations

866 100.0 57.5 24.5 18.0

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations

803 100.0 70.0 15.2 14.9

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations

71 100.0 - - -

Construction and extraction occupations

542 100.0 73.3 14.7 11.9

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations

190 100.0 66.7 14.6 18.7

Production, transportation, and material moving occupations

1,012 100.0 65.6 15.1 19.3

Production occupations

554 100.0 70.7 13.4 15.9

Transportation and material moving occupations

459 100.0 59.4 17.1 23.5

Industry and class of worker of lost job(2)

Agriculture and related industries wage and salary workers

77 100.0 56.3 11.2 32.5

Nonagricultural industries wage and salary workers

6,508 100.0 68.3 15.7 16.1

Private nonagricultural wage and salary workers

6,287 100.0 68.2 15.7 16.1

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction

152 100.0 60.4 10.3 29.2

Construction

625 100.0 70.9 17.9 11.2

Manufacturing

924 100.0 67.2 16.5 16.3

Durable goods manufacturing

603 100.0 68.9 14.2 17.0

Nondurable goods manufacturing

322 100.0 64.0 20.9 15.1

Wholesale and retail trade

1,051 100.0 66.4 13.3 20.4

Transportation and utilities

249 100.0 70.7 16.6 12.7

Information

176 100.0 63.8 27.2 9.0

Financial activities

440 100.0 68.1 18.8 13.1

Professional and business services

1,044 100.0 65.0 19.3 15.8

Education and health services

722 100.0 71.8 13.1 15.1

Leisure and hospitality

641 100.0 69.9 10.6 19.5

Other services

238 100.0 76.0 11.3 12.8

Government wage and salary workers

221 100.0 70.7 14.2 15.1

(1) Data refer to all persons (regardless of years of tenure on lost job) who had lost or left a job between January 2015 and December 2017 because of plant or company closings or moves, insufficient work, or the abolishment of their positions or shifts.
(2) Total includes a small number of unpaid family workers and persons who did not report occupation, industry or class of worker of lost job, not shown separately.

NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.


Last Modified Date: September 21, 2022