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For release 10:00 a.m. (ET) Wednesday, March 30, 2022 USDL-22-0555 Technical information: (202) 691-6378 * cpsinfo@bls.gov * www.bls.gov/cps Media contact: (202) 691-5902 * PressOffice@bls.gov PERSONS WITH A DISABILITY: BARRIERS TO EMPLOYMENT, TYPES OF ASSISTANCE, AND OTHER LABOR-RELATED ISSUES -- JULY 2021 In July 2021, 43.7 percent of persons with a disability who were not working reported some type of barrier to employment, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. This was down from 47.5 percent in July 2019, the last time the supplement was conducted. A person's own disability, lack of education or training, the need for special features at the job, and lack of transportation were among the barriers reported. Among persons with a disability who were employed, over half experienced some difficulty completing their work duties because of their disability. This information was obtained from a supplement to the July 2021 Current Population Survey (CPS), a monthly survey of about 60,000 households that provides statistics on employment and unemployment in the United States. The July 2021 supplement, sponsored by the U.S. Department of Labor's Chief Evaluation Office, collected information about barriers to employment, prior work experience, career and financial assistance, requested changes to the workplace, and related topics for persons with a disability. This supplement was conducted twice before, in May 2012 and July 2019. Data in this news release reflect the impact of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic on the labor market. For more information about the disability supplement, see the Technical Note. Selected Characteristics of Persons with a Disability In July 2021, 32.2 million persons in the civilian noninstitutional population age 16 and over had a disability. Persons with a disability tend to be older than those with no disability, reflecting the increased incidence of disability with age. In July 2021, 49.6 percent of persons with a disability were age 65 and over, compared with 17.5 percent of those with no disability. (See table 1.) Women made up a greater proportion of persons with a disability than men in July 2021 (53.8 percent, compared with 46.2 percent), partly reflecting the greater life expectancy of women. By educational attainment, 21.1 percent of persons age 25 and over with a disability had a bachelor's degree or higher, compared with 41.0 percent for persons with no disability. In July 2021, 19.4 percent of persons with a disability were employed, which was less than one-third of the employment-population ratio for persons with no disability (64.9 percent). In part, this reflects the older age profile of persons with a disability. However, the employment-population ratio was much lower among persons with a disability for all age groups. Barriers to Employment In July 2021, 43.7 percent of those with a disability who were not employed (that is, persons who were either unemployed or not in the labor force) reported at least one barrier to employment. This was 3.8 percentage points lower than the proportion in July 2019 (47.5 percent). When asked to identify barriers they had encountered, most reported that their own disability was a barrier to employment in July 2021 (78.9 percent). Other barriers cited included lack of education or training (12.0 percent), the need for special features at the job (10.5 percent), and lack of transportation (10.3 percent). (See tables 2 and 3.) Among those who were not employed, a greater proportion of persons ages 16 to 64 reported a barrier to employment in July 2021 than did those age 65 and over (67.9 percent and 26.1 percent, respectively). This may reflect the fact that older workers are, in general, less likely to participate in the labor force. Men with a disability who were not employed were more likely to report a barrier to employment than their female counterparts (45.5 percent versus 42.3 percent). Among persons with a disability age 25 and over, 31.0 percent of persons with a bachelor's degree or higher who were not employed reported a barrier to employment, compared with 50.4 percent of those with less than a high school diploma. For all major demographic groups, the share of not employed persons with a disability who reported a barrier to employment was lower in July 2021 than in July 2019. Prior Work Experience Among persons with a disability who were not in the labor force in July 2021 (that is, neither employed nor unemployed), 87.1 percent had worked previously. This figure is lower than in July 2019 (88.6 percent). A person's disability status was established at the time of the survey; their previous work experience may have occurred at a time when they did not have a disability. (See table 4.) In July 2021, women with a disability who were not in the labor force were more likely than their male counterparts to have worked previously (87.9 percent versus 86.1 percent). The proportion of persons with a disability who were not in the labor force but had prior work experience increased with age. In July 2021, 21.1 percent of persons ages 16 to 24 had worked before, compared with 97.3 percent of those age 65 and over. Individuals with a disability who had higher levels of educational attainment were more likely to have had work experience. Of those age 25 and over with a bachelor's degree or higher, 96.3 percent had worked before, compared with 83.5 percent of those with less than a high school diploma. Career Assistance Programs In July 2021, 5.7 percent of persons with a disability reported using some type of career assistance program within the past 5 years to help them prepare for work or advance on the job. This figure is down from 6.5 percent in July 2019. Career assistance sources include State Vocational Rehabilitation agencies and other job assistance programs. (See table 5.) Persons with a disability who were unemployed (that is, actively looking for work) at the time of the survey were more likely than those who were employed or not in the labor force to have used some type of career assistance. In July 2021, 24.0 percent of unemployed persons with a disability reported using a career assistance program, compared with 7.9 percent of employed persons with a disability and 4.5 percent of those not in the labor force. Persons with a disability ages 16 to 64 were much more likely to have used a career assistance program than those age 65 and over (9.6 percent versus 1.8 percent). Financial Assistance Programs In July 2021, 56.8 percent of persons with a disability received financial assistance within the past year from one or more of the following sources: Workers Compensation, Social Security Disability Income, Supplemental Security Income, Veterans Disability compensation, disability insurance payments, Medicaid, Medicare, and other payments or programs. (See table 6.) Among persons with a disability in July 2021, those who were employed were least likely to have received some type of financial assistance within the past year (23.8 percent). Of those with a disability who were unemployed, 48.5 percent received assistance from at least one of the financial assistance programs listed above, compared with 65.3 percent for those not in the labor force. (Differences in use of financial assistance among those with a disability reflect a variety of factors such as age, work history, or program eligibility requirements.) Some financial assistance programs include work limitations in order to establish or maintain program eligibility. In July 2021, 93.4 percent of those who received financial assistance within the past year reported that the program(s) they used did not cause them to work less than they otherwise would have. This figure is up from 91.7 percent in July 2019. Difficulty Completing Work Duties More than half of employed persons with a disability reported that their disability caused some difficulty in completing their current work duties in July 2021--28.5 percent reported a little difficulty in completing work duties, 20.4 percent reported moderate difficulty, and 6.9 percent reported severe difficulty. In July 2021, 44.2 percent of employed persons with a disability had no difficulty completing their current work duties. (See table 7.) Among employed persons with a disability, those age 65 and over were less likely to report that they had some difficulty completing their work duties than were those ages 16 to 64-- 47.5 percent versus 57.4 percent. In July 2021, 59.7 percent of women and 52.4 percent of men reported some difficulty completing work duties due to their disability. Requesting Changes in the Workplace According to the July 2021 data, employed persons with a disability were more likely to have requested a change in their current workplace to do their job better than were those with no disability (14.5 percent and 6.7 percent, respectively). Such changes included new or modified equipment; physical changes to the workplace; policy changes to the workplace; changes in work tasks, job structure, or schedule; changes in communication or information sharing; changes to comply with religious beliefs; accommodations for family or personal obligations; training; or other changes. Among workers with a disability, 15.6 percent of those ages 16 to 64 had requested a change in their current workplace, compared with 8.4 percent of those age 65 and over. (See table 8.) Regardless of disability status, requests for changes to work tasks, job structure, or schedule and requests for new or modified equipment were most common. (See table 9.) In July 2021, persons with a disability who asked for a change in their current workplace were about as likely to have requested physical changes to the workplace as were those with no disability (13.9 percent and 13.0 percent, respectively). Commute In July 2021, 73.1 percent of persons with a disability used their own vehicle for their commute to work, compared with 77.8 percent for persons with no disability. For persons with and without a disability, other commuting methods were used much less often; these methods included riding in a friend or family member's car, taking a bus, walking, and taking the train or subway. (See table 10.) Work at Home In July 2021, 30.9 percent of employed persons with a disability did at least some work at home as part of their job, up from 26.3 percent in July 2019. Among those with no disability, 30.7 percent of employed persons did some work at home in July 2021, up from 23.0 percent in July 2019. These increases likely reflect the impact of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, which resulted in an increased incidence of telework. (See table 11.) Older workers (age 65 and over) with a disability were more likely to do at least some work at home in July 2021 than were those ages 16 to 64 (38.1 percent and 29.6 percent, respectively). Employed women with a disability were more likely to work at home than employed men with a disability (35.7 percent and 26.8 percent, respectively). Persons with a disability who had higher educational attainment were more likely to do at least some work at home. In July 2021, among persons with a disability age 25 and over, those with a bachelor's degree or higher were more than 9 times as likely to do some work at home as those with less than a high school diploma (55.9 percent and 6.0 percent, respectively). In July 2021, 12.5 percent of persons with a disability and 13.1 percent of those without a disability reported they worked mostly or entirely from home. Both figures were up from their pre-pandemic figures in July 2019, by 4.6 percentage points and 8.4 percentage points, respectively. (See table 10.) Flexible Work Hours Employed persons with a disability were more likely than those with no disability to have flexible work schedules in July 2021 (45.4 percent and 38.4 percent, respectively). These workers reported that they had flexible work hours that allowed them to vary the time they began or ended work. Both figures are about the same as in July 2019. (See table 12.) In July 2021, 57.9 percent of workers with a disability age 65 and over had flexible work schedules, compared with 43.1 percent of those ages 16 and 64. Men and women with disabilities were about equally likely to have flexible work hours. Regardless of disability status, the likelihood of having a flexible work schedule was higher for persons with a bachelor's degree or higher than for those with less education. Temporary Jobs In July 2021, 5.4 percent of employed persons with a disability held jobs that were temporary, compared with 4.1 percent of those with no disability. These workers expected their job to last only for a limited time or until the completion of a project. (See table 13.)
Technical Note The data in this release were collected through a supplement to the July 2021 Current Population Survey (CPS). The CPS, which is conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), is a monthly survey of about 60,000 eligible households that provides information on the labor force status, demographics, and other characteristics of the nation's civilian noninstitutional population age 16 and over. The July 2021 supplement was designed to gather data in several specific areas related to the employment situation of persons with disabilities. The collection of these data was sponsored by the U.S. Department of Labor's Chief Evaluation Office. If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access telecommunications relay services. Definitions and concepts from the monthly CPS Disability status. The monthly CPS uses a set of six questions to identify persons with disabilities. In the CPS, persons are classified as having a disability if there is a response of "yes" to any of these questions. Persons who respond "no" to all of these questions are classified as having no disability. The disability questions are as follows. This month we want to learn about people who have physical, mental, or emotional conditions that cause serious difficulty with their daily activities. Please answer for all household members who are 15 years old or over. --Is anyone deaf or does anyone have serious difficulty hearing? --Is anyone blind or does anyone have serious difficulty seeing, even when wearing glasses? --Because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition, does anyone have serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions? --Does anyone have serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs? --Does anyone have difficulty dressing or bathing? --Because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition, does anyone have difficulty doing errands alone such as visiting a doctor's office or shopping? The CPS questions for identifying individuals with disabilities are only asked of household members who are age 15 and older. Each of the questions asks the respondent whether anyone in the household has the condition described, and if the respondent replies "yes," they are then asked to identify everyone in the household who has the condition. Labor force measures from the CPS are tabulated for persons age 16 and older. More information on the disability questions and the merits and limitations of the CPS disability data is available on the BLS website at www.bls.gov/cps/cpsdisability_faq.htm. Labor force status. Employed persons are all those who, during the survey reference week, (a) did any work at all as paid employees; (b) worked in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or (c) worked 15 hours or more as unpaid workers in a family member's business. Persons who were temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, vacation, labor dispute, or another reason also are counted as employed. Unemployed persons are those who had no employment during the reference week, were available for work at that time, and had made specific efforts to find employment sometime during the 4-week period ending with the reference week. Persons who were waiting to be recalled to a job from which they had been laid off need not have been looking for work to be classified as unemployed. Civilian labor force comprises all persons classified as employed or unemployed. Unemployment rate represents the number of unemployed persons as a percent of the civilian labor force. Not in the labor force includes all persons who are not classified as employed or unemployed. Not employed includes persons who were unemployed or not in the labor force. Additional information on the concepts and methodology of the CPS is available on the BLS website at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm. Selected questions and concepts from the July 2021 supplement Barriers to employment. This information was obtained from responses to a question asked of persons with a disability who were not employed (that is, either unemployed or not in the labor force). Respondents were classified as having a barrier to employment if they answered "yes" to one or more of the response options in the following question. The purpose of this next question is to identify barriers to employment faced by persons with difficulties. Do you consider any of the following a barrier to employment for you? 1. Lack of education or training 2. Lack of job counseling 3. Lack of transportation 4. Loss of government assistance 5. Need for special features at the job 6. Employer or coworker attitudes 7. Your difficulty (hearing/seeing/concentrating, remembering, or making decisions/walking or climbing stairs/dressing or bathing/doing errands alone) 8. Other Prior work experience. This information was obtained from answers to the following question, which was asked of persons with a disability who were not employed and had not already reported working before. Have you ever worked for pay at a job or business? 1. Yes 2. No Career assistance. Persons with a disability were asked the following question to determine whether they had received certain types of career assistance. Individuals could give multiple responses. The purpose of this next question is to find out if you have taken advantage of any of the following sources that help people prepare for work or advance on the job. In the past 5 years, have you received assistance from: 1. State Vocational Rehabilitation agencies 2. One-Stop Career Centers 3. Ticket to Work program 4. Assistive Technology Act program 5. Center for Independent Living for individuals with disabilities 6. Client Assistance Program 7. Any other employment assistance program Financial assistance. This information was obtained from responses to two questions. All persons were asked the following question and could give multiple responses. There are a variety of programs designed to provide financial assistance to people. In the past year, did you receive assistance from any of the following programs? 1. Workers' Compensation 2. Social Security Disability Income 3. Supplemental Security Income 4. Veterans Disability Compensation 5. Disability insurance payments 6. Other disability payments 7. Medicaid 8. Medicare 9. Other program The following question was asked only of persons who indicated in the above question that they received assistance from one or more programs. Some financial assistance programs include limitations on the amount of work you can do. Did this program cause you to work less than you would otherwise? 1. Yes 2. No Level of disability-related difficulty in completing work duties. This information was obtained from answers to the following question, which was asked of employed persons with a disability. Previously, you mentioned that you had difficulty (hearing/seeing/concentrating, remembering, or making decisions/walking or climbing stairs/dressing or bathing/doing errands alone). How has this difficulty affected your ability to complete current work duties? Would you say this has caused no difficulty, a little difficulty, moderate difficulty, or severe difficulty? 1. No difficulty 2. A little difficulty 3. Moderate difficulty 4. Severe difficulty Requested changes in the current workplace. This information was obtained from answers to two questions. The first, asked of all employed persons, was as follows. Have you ever requested any change in your current workplace to help you do your job better? For example, changes in work policies, equipment, or schedules. 1. Yes 2. No The following question was asked only of persons who responded "yes" to the above question. Individuals could identify multiple changes. What changes did you request? 1. New or modified equipment 2. Physical changes to the workplace 3. Policy changes to the workplace 4. Changes in work tasks, job structure, or schedule 5. Changes in communication or information sharing 6. Changes to comply with religious beliefs 7. Accommodations for family or personal obligations 8. Training 9. Other changes Typical commute to work. This information was obtained from responses to the following question, which was asked of all employed persons. Individuals could identify multiple commuting methods. How do you typically commute to work? 1. Bus 2. Specialized bus or van service for people with disabilities 3. Train/subway 4. Taxi 5. Own vehicle 6. Passenger in a friend or family member's car 7. Carpool 8. Bicycle 9. Walk 10. Other 11. Work from home Work at home. This information was obtained from two questions. First, persons who answered "work from home" to the question regarding their typical commute to work were included among those who work at home. In addition, the following question was asked of all remaining employed persons. Do you do any work at home for your job or business? 1. Yes 2. No Flexible work hours. All employed persons were asked the following question to determine whether they have flexible work hours at their current job. Do you have flexible work hours that allow you to vary or make changes in the time you begin and end work? 1. Yes 2. No Temporary jobs. All employed persons were asked the following question to determine if their jobs were temporary. Some people are in temporary jobs that last only for a limited time or until the completion of a project. Is your job temporary? 1. Yes 2. No Comparability of the estimates The concepts of barriers to employment, prior work experience, career and financial assistance, and other labor-related issues for persons with a disability used in the July 2021 survey are the same as those used in July 2019 and May 2012, the two times the supplement was previously fielded. The questions used to identify these workers were essentially the same as in previous collections. However, there are a few issues that could affect the comparability of these estimates from previous years. For example, changes in the demographic characteristics of people with disabilities can complicate comparisons of data over time. In addition, the 2012 supplement was collected in May, and the more recent supplements were collected in July. Reliability of the estimates Statistics based on the CPS are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample, rather than the entire population, is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the true population values they represent. The component of this difference that occurs because samples differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence. The monthly CPS data also are affected by nonsampling error. Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the population, inability to obtain information for all respondents in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information, and errors made in the collection or processing of the data. General information on the reliability of data from the CPS is available at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#reliability.
Characteristic | Civilian noninsti- tutional population |
Civilian labor force | Not in labor force |
|||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | Participation rate |
Employed | Unemployed | |||||
Total | Percent of population |
Total | Rate | |||||
TOTAL |
||||||||
Total, 16 years and over |
261,469 | 164,660 | 63.0 | 154,946 | 59.3 | 9,714 | 5.9 | 96,809 |
Men |
126,499 | 87,648 | 69.3 | 82,640 | 65.3 | 5,009 | 5.7 | 38,851 |
Women |
134,970 | 77,012 | 57.1 | 72,306 | 53.6 | 4,706 | 6.1 | 57,958 |
PERSONS WITH A DISABILITY |
||||||||
Total, 16 years and over |
32,220 | 7,174 | 22.3 | 6,259 | 19.4 | 915 | 12.8 | 25,046 |
Men |
14,898 | 3,821 | 25.6 | 3,360 | 22.6 | 460 | 12.1 | 11,077 |
Women |
17,322 | 3,353 | 19.4 | 2,899 | 16.7 | 454 | 13.6 | 13,969 |
Age |
||||||||
16 to 64 years |
16,242 | 6,061 | 37.3 | 5,278 | 32.5 | 782 | 12.9 | 10,182 |
16 to 24 years |
1,906 | 788 | 41.3 | 621 | 32.6 | 167 | 21.2 | 1,118 |
25 to 34 years |
2,170 | 1,120 | 51.6 | 933 | 43.0 | 187 | 16.7 | 1,050 |
35 to 44 years |
2,367 | 1,096 | 46.3 | 954 | 40.3 | 142 | 12.9 | 1,272 |
45 to 54 years |
3,387 | 1,264 | 37.3 | 1,127 | 33.3 | 137 | 10.8 | 2,123 |
55 to 64 years |
6,411 | 1,793 | 28.0 | 1,643 | 25.6 | 150 | 8.4 | 4,618 |
65 years and over |
15,978 | 1,113 | 7.0 | 981 | 6.1 | 132 | 11.9 | 14,864 |
Educational attainment |
||||||||
Total, 25 years and over |
30,314 | 6,386 | 21.1 | 5,638 | 18.6 | 748 | 11.7 | 23,928 |
Less than a high school diploma |
4,939 | 488 | 9.9 | 390 | 7.9 | 98 | 20.1 | 4,451 |
High school graduates, no college(1) |
10,676 | 1,872 | 17.5 | 1,605 | 15.0 | 267 | 14.3 | 8,805 |
Some college or associate degree |
8,314 | 1,946 | 23.4 | 1,782 | 21.4 | 163 | 8.4 | 6,369 |
Bachelor's degree and higher(2) |
6,384 | 2,081 | 32.6 | 1,860 | 29.1 | 220 | 10.6 | 4,303 |
PERSONS WITH NO DISABILITY |
||||||||
Total, 16 years and over |
229,250 | 157,486 | 68.7 | 148,687 | 64.9 | 8,799 | 5.6 | 71,763 |
Men |
111,601 | 83,827 | 75.1 | 79,279 | 71.0 | 4,548 | 5.4 | 27,774 |
Women |
117,648 | 73,659 | 62.6 | 69,408 | 59.0 | 4,251 | 5.8 | 43,990 |
Age |
||||||||
16 to 64 years |
189,022 | 148,913 | 78.8 | 140,518 | 74.3 | 8,394 | 5.6 | 40,109 |
16 to 24 years |
35,344 | 22,182 | 62.8 | 19,975 | 56.5 | 2,207 | 10.0 | 13,162 |
25 to 34 years |
42,591 | 36,410 | 85.5 | 34,178 | 80.2 | 2,232 | 6.1 | 6,180 |
35 to 44 years |
39,501 | 33,807 | 85.6 | 32,247 | 81.6 | 1,560 | 4.6 | 5,695 |
45 to 54 years |
36,100 | 30,865 | 85.5 | 29,642 | 82.1 | 1,223 | 4.0 | 5,235 |
55 to 64 years |
35,486 | 25,649 | 72.3 | 24,477 | 69.0 | 1,172 | 4.6 | 9,837 |
65 years and over |
40,227 | 8,574 | 21.3 | 8,168 | 20.3 | 405 | 4.7 | 31,654 |
Educational attainment |
||||||||
Total, 25 years and over |
193,905 | 135,304 | 69.8 | 128,712 | 66.4 | 6,592 | 4.9 | 58,602 |
Less than a high school diploma |
14,903 | 8,525 | 57.2 | 7,762 | 52.1 | 763 | 8.9 | 6,378 |
High school graduates, no college(1) |
50,604 | 32,177 | 63.6 | 30,221 | 59.7 | 1,956 | 6.1 | 18,427 |
Some college or associate degree |
48,965 | 34,269 | 70.0 | 32,473 | 66.3 | 1,796 | 5.2 | 14,696 |
Bachelor's degree and higher(2) |
79,434 | 60,333 | 76.0 | 58,256 | 73.3 | 2,077 | 3.4 | 19,101 |
Footnotes |
||||||||
NOTE: These estimates, which come from a special supplemental survey, may differ slightly from previously published estimates for July 2021 that come from the regular monthly labor force survey. |
Characteristic | Not employed(1) | Percent distribution | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | Barrier | No barrier | Total | Barrier | No barrier | |
Persons with a disability |
||||||
Total, 16 years and over |
25,961 | 11,356 | 14,054 | 100.0 | 43.7 | 54.1 |
16 to 64 years |
10,964 | 7,446 | 3,241 | 100.0 | 67.9 | 29.6 |
65 years and over |
14,997 | 3,909 | 10,812 | 100.0 | 26.1 | 72.1 |
Men |
11,538 | 5,254 | 6,046 | 100.0 | 45.5 | 52.4 |
Women |
14,423 | 6,102 | 8,008 | 100.0 | 42.3 | 55.5 |
Total, 25 years and over |
24,676 | 10,521 | 13,615 | 100.0 | 42.6 | 55.2 |
Less than a high school diploma |
4,549 | 2,294 | 2,155 | 100.0 | 50.4 | 47.4 |
High school graduates, no college(2) |
9,072 | 3,943 | 4,922 | 100.0 | 43.5 | 54.3 |
Some college or associate degree |
6,532 | 2,882 | 3,473 | 100.0 | 44.1 | 53.2 |
Bachelor's degree and higher(3) |
4,524 | 1,401 | 3,066 | 100.0 | 31.0 | 67.8 |
Never worked(4) |
3,307 | 2,184 | 1,048 | 100.0 | 66.0 | 31.7 |
Footnotes |
||||||
NOTE: Persons with a disability were able to report more than one barrier to employment. Data may not sum to total because some persons did not respond to the question identifying barriers to employment. Barriers to employment include: lack of education or training, lack of job counseling, lack of transportation, loss of government assistance, need for special features at the job, employer or coworker attitudes, own disability, and other. |
Characteristic | Total not employed(1) with a barrier to employment |
Percent of total by type of barrier | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lack of education or training |
Lack of job counseling |
Lack of transpor-tation |
Loss of government assistance |
Need for special features at the job |
Employer or coworker attitudes |
Own disability |
Other | ||
Persons with a disability |
|||||||||
Total, 16 years and over |
11,356 | 12.0 | 5.2 | 10.3 | 4.0 | 10.5 | 8.4 | 78.9 | 19.5 |
16 to 64 years |
7,446 | 13.1 | 6.3 | 11.6 | 4.9 | 12.5 | 10.4 | 81.5 | 17.5 |
65 years and over |
3,909 | 9.9 | 3.1 | 7.7 | 2.2 | 6.7 | 4.5 | 73.9 | 23.4 |
Men |
5,254 | 12.9 | 6.1 | 9.4 | 4.1 | 10.8 | 9.3 | 80.5 | 18.0 |
Women |
6,102 | 11.2 | 4.4 | 11.0 | 3.9 | 10.2 | 7.6 | 77.5 | 20.9 |
Total, 25 years and over |
10,521 | 11.6 | 4.8 | 9.9 | 4.0 | 10.2 | 8.1 | 78.7 | 19.7 |
Less than a high school diploma |
2,294 | 23.3 | 8.6 | 13.0 | 4.8 | 8.2 | 7.9 | 73.0 | 23.6 |
High school graduates, no college(2) |
3,943 | 9.9 | 4.7 | 8.8 | 3.2 | 10.1 | 6.9 | 80.2 | 18.3 |
Some college or associate degree |
2,882 | 7.8 | 3.0 | 10.3 | 4.3 | 12.4 | 8.9 | 79.3 | 19.6 |
Bachelor's degree and higher(3) |
1,401 | 4.8 | 2.4 | 6.7 | 4.4 | 9.5 | 9.9 | 82.3 | 17.7 |
Never worked(4) |
2,184 | 10.9 | 4.3 | 7.0 | 2.9 | 6.5 | 3.7 | 77.5 | 23.6 |
Footnotes |
|||||||||
NOTE: Percents may sum to more than 100 percent because persons with a disability were able to report more than one barrier to employment. |
Characteristic | Not in the labor force | Percent distribution | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | Previously worked |
Never worked(1) |
Total | Previously worked |
Never worked(1) |
|
PERSONS WITH A DISABILITY |
||||||
Total, 16 years and over |
25,046 | 21,818 | 3,228 | 100.0 | 87.1 | 12.9 |
Men |
11,077 | 9,539 | 1,538 | 100.0 | 86.1 | 13.9 |
Women |
13,969 | 12,279 | 1,690 | 100.0 | 87.9 | 12.1 |
Age |
||||||
16 to 64 years |
10,182 | 7,351 | 2,831 | 100.0 | 72.2 | 27.8 |
16 to 24 years |
1,118 | 236 | 882 | 100.0 | 21.1 | 78.9 |
25 to 34 years |
1,050 | 514 | 536 | 100.0 | 49.0 | 51.0 |
35 to 44 years |
1,272 | 822 | 449 | 100.0 | 64.7 | 35.3 |
45 to 54 years |
2,123 | 1,724 | 400 | 100.0 | 81.2 | 18.8 |
55 to 64 years |
4,618 | 4,054 | 564 | 100.0 | 87.8 | 12.2 |
65 years and over |
14,864 | 14,468 | 397 | 100.0 | 97.3 | 2.7 |
Educational attainment |
||||||
Total, 25 years and over |
23,928 | 21,582 | 2,346 | 100.0 | 90.2 | 9.8 |
Less than a high school diploma |
4,451 | 3,717 | 734 | 100.0 | 83.5 | 16.5 |
High school graduates, no college(2) |
8,805 | 7,740 | 1,064 | 100.0 | 87.9 | 12.1 |
Some college or associate degree |
6,369 | 5,982 | 387 | 100.0 | 93.9 | 6.1 |
Bachelor's degree and higher(3) |
4,303 | 4,143 | 160 | 100.0 | 96.3 | 3.7 |
Footnotes |
Characteristic | Persons with a disability |
Received career assistance(1) | |
---|---|---|---|
Number | Percent of persons with a disability |
||
Persons with a disability |
|||
Total, 16 years and over |
32,220 | 1,850 | 5.7 |
Employed |
6,259 | 495 | 7.9 |
Unemployed |
915 | 220 | 24.0 |
Not in the labor force |
25,046 | 1,135 | 4.5 |
Previously worked |
21,818 | 900 | 4.1 |
Never worked(2) |
3,228 | 235 | 7.3 |
Total, 16 to 64 years |
16,242 | 1,567 | 9.6 |
Employed |
5,278 | 467 | 8.9 |
Unemployed |
782 | 210 | 26.8 |
Not in the labor force |
10,182 | 889 | 8.7 |
Previously worked |
7,351 | 660 | 9.0 |
Never worked(2) |
2,831 | 230 | 8.1 |
Total, 65 years and over |
15,978 | 283 | 1.8 |
Employed |
981 | 27 | 2.8 |
Unemployed |
132 | 10 | 7.6 |
Not in the labor force |
14,864 | 246 | 1.7 |
Previously worked |
14,468 | 240 | 1.7 |
Never worked(2) |
397 | 6 | 1.5 |
Footnotes |
|||
NOTE: Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 75,000). |
Characteristic | Total | Persons who used a financial assistance program | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | Percent of total |
Percent of persons who used a financial assistance program |
||||
Total | Worked less because of program(1) |
Did not work less because of program(1) |
||||
Persons with a disability |
||||||
Total, 16 years and over |
32,220 | 18,296 | 56.8 | 100.0 | 5.7 | 93.4 |
16 to 64 years |
16,242 | 8,317 | 51.2 | 100.0 | 9.9 | 89.0 |
65 years and over |
15,978 | 9,979 | 62.5 | 100.0 | 2.2 | 97.0 |
Employed |
6,259 | 1,491 | 23.8 | 100.0 | 11.9 | 87.0 |
Usually work full time |
4,570 | 785 | 17.2 | 100.0 | 7.8 | 90.7 |
Usually work part time |
1,689 | 706 | 41.8 | 100.0 | 16.4 | 82.9 |
Unemployed |
915 | 443 | 48.5 | 100.0 | 12.9 | 87.1 |
Not in the labor force |
25,046 | 16,361 | 65.3 | 100.0 | 4.9 | 94.1 |
Footnotes |
||||||
NOTE: Full time is 35 hours or more per week; part time is less than 35 hours. Financial assistance programs include: Workers' Compensation, Social Security Disability Income, Supplemental Security Income, Veterans Disability Compensation, disability insurance payments, Medicaid, Medicare, and other payments or programs. |
Characteristic | Total employed |
Percent of total employed by level of difficulty | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | No difficulty | A little difficulty |
Moderate difficulty |
Severe difficulty |
||
Persons with a disability |
||||||
Total, 16 years and over |
6,259 | 100.0 | 44.2 | 28.5 | 20.4 | 6.9 |
16 to 64 years |
5,278 | 100.0 | 42.6 | 29.7 | 20.5 | 7.2 |
65 years and over |
981 | 100.0 | 52.5 | 22.5 | 19.6 | 5.4 |
Men |
3,360 | 100.0 | 47.6 | 28.2 | 18.9 | 5.3 |
Women |
2,899 | 100.0 | 40.3 | 28.9 | 22.1 | 8.7 |
Characteristic | Total employed |
Requested a change in current workplace | |
---|---|---|---|
Total | Percent of total employed |
||
TOTAL |
|||
Total, 16 years and over |
154,946 | 10,931 | 7.1 |
16 to 64 years |
145,796 | 10,406 | 7.1 |
65 years and over |
9,149 | 525 | 5.7 |
Men |
82,640 | 5,134 | 6.2 |
Women |
72,306 | 5,797 | 8.0 |
Persons with a disability |
|||
Total, 16 years and over |
6,259 | 905 | 14.5 |
16 to 64 years |
5,278 | 823 | 15.6 |
65 years and over |
981 | 82 | 8.4 |
Men |
3,360 | 374 | 11.1 |
Women |
2,899 | 530 | 18.3 |
Persons with no disability |
|||
Total, 16 years and over |
148,687 | 10,026 | 6.7 |
16 to 64 years |
140,518 | 9,584 | 6.8 |
65 years and over |
8,168 | 443 | 5.4 |
Men |
79,279 | 4,760 | 6.0 |
Women |
69,408 | 5,266 | 7.6 |
NOTE: Data on people who requested a change in their current workplace are restricted to those who also provided a response about the type of change requested. A relatively small number of people who did not specify the type of change requested are excluded from these estimates. |
Characteristic | Total who requested a change in current workplace |
Percent of total by type of change requested | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
New or modified equipment |
Physical changes to the workplace |
Policy changes to the workplace |
Work tasks, job structure, or schedule |
Changes in communi- cation or information sharing |
Changes to comply with religious beliefs |
Accommo- dations for family or personal obligations |
Training | Other | ||
TOTAL |
||||||||||
Total, 16 years and over |
10,931 | 37.6 | 13.1 | 18.7 | 40.2 | 14.6 | 1.1 | 13.1 | 9.2 | 15.4 |
16 to 64 years |
10,406 | 37.9 | 12.9 | 18.5 | 40.3 | 14.5 | 1.0 | 13.1 | 9.5 | 15.5 |
65 years and over |
525 | 31.5 | 17.9 | 21.4 | 37.6 | 18.5 | 2.3 | 13.3 | 4.2 | 14.4 |
Men |
5,134 | 43.0 | 13.4 | 19.8 | 37.5 | 15.4 | 1.0 | 11.9 | 9.9 | 15.0 |
Women |
5,797 | 32.8 | 12.8 | 17.6 | 42.6 | 14.0 | 1.2 | 14.2 | 8.6 | 15.9 |
Persons with a disability |
||||||||||
Total, 16 years and over |
905 | 32.3 | 13.9 | 12.3 | 43.2 | 13.0 | 0.5 | 10.4 | 9.1 | 19.9 |
16 to 64 years |
823 | 31.6 | 13.2 | 12.4 | 45.2 | 14.2 | 0.6 | 11.5 | 9.5 | 19.9 |
65 years and over |
82 | 39.0 | 21.3 | 10.9 | 23.6 | 1.2 | - | - | 5.3 | 20.2 |
Men |
374 | 38.2 | 10.8 | 9.9 | 34.2 | 9.3 | - | 6.1 | 9.2 | 26.5 |
Women |
530 | 28.1 | 16.1 | 13.9 | 49.6 | 15.7 | 0.9 | 13.5 | 9.1 | 15.2 |
Persons with no disability |
||||||||||
Total, 16 years and over |
10,026 | 38.1 | 13.0 | 19.2 | 39.9 | 14.8 | 1.1 | 13.4 | 9.3 | 15.0 |
16 to 64 years |
9,584 | 38.5 | 12.8 | 19.0 | 39.9 | 14.5 | 1.0 | 13.3 | 9.5 | 15.1 |
65 years and over |
443 | 30.1 | 17.3 | 23.3 | 40.2 | 21.7 | 2.8 | 15.7 | 4.0 | 13.3 |
Men |
4,760 | 43.4 | 13.6 | 20.6 | 37.7 | 15.9 | 1.1 | 12.3 | 10.0 | 14.1 |
Women |
5,266 | 33.3 | 12.5 | 18.0 | 41.9 | 13.8 | 1.2 | 14.3 | 8.6 | 15.9 |
NOTE: Data on people who requested a change in their current workplace are restricted to those who also provided a response about the type of change requested. A relatively small number of people who did not specify the type of change requested are excluded from these estimates. Percents may sum to more than 100 percent because employed persons may have requested more than one change. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 75,000). |
Characteristic | Total | Persons with a disability |
Persons with no disability |
---|---|---|---|
Total employed (in thousands) |
154,946 | 6,259 | 148,687 |
Percent of employed persons by commute method |
|||
Total employed |
100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 |
Bus |
1.8 | 2.6 | 1.7 |
Specialized bus or van service for people with disabilities |
0.1 | 0.7 | 0.1 |
Train/subway |
1.7 | 0.8 | 1.8 |
Taxi |
0.3 | 0.1 | 0.3 |
Own vehicle |
77.6 | 73.1 | 77.8 |
Passenger in a friend or family member's car |
2.4 | 4.8 | 2.3 |
Carpool |
1.0 | 0.9 | 1.0 |
Bicycle |
0.6 | 0.6 | 0.6 |
Walk |
1.8 | 2.6 | 1.8 |
Other |
2.0 | 3.0 | 1.9 |
Work from home |
13.1 | 12.5 | 13.1 |
NOTE: The percent using each commuting method may sum to more than 100 percent because employed persons may have reported more than one method. |
Characteristic | Total employed |
Worked at home | |
---|---|---|---|
Number | Percent of total employed |
||
TOTAL |
|||
Total, 16 years and over |
154,946 | 47,611 | 30.7 |
16 to 64 years |
145,796 | 44,061 | 30.2 |
65 years and over |
9,149 | 3,550 | 38.8 |
Men |
82,640 | 23,507 | 28.4 |
Women |
72,306 | 24,104 | 33.3 |
Total, 25 years and over |
134,350 | 45,475 | 33.8 |
Less than a high school diploma |
8,152 | 607 | 7.4 |
High school graduates, no college(1) |
31,826 | 4,394 | 13.8 |
Some college or associate degree |
34,255 | 8,701 | 25.4 |
Bachelor's degree and higher(2) |
60,116 | 31,773 | 52.9 |
Persons with a disability |
|||
Total, 16 years and over |
6,259 | 1,937 | 30.9 |
16 to 64 years |
5,278 | 1,563 | 29.6 |
65 years and over |
981 | 374 | 38.1 |
Men |
3,360 | 901 | 26.8 |
Women |
2,899 | 1,036 | 35.7 |
Total, 25 years and over |
5,638 | 1,883 | 33.4 |
Less than a high school diploma |
390 | 24 | 6.0 |
High school graduates, no college(1) |
1,605 | 301 | 18.7 |
Some college or associate degree |
1,782 | 519 | 29.1 |
Bachelor's degree and higher(2) |
1,860 | 1,040 | 55.9 |
Persons with no disability |
|||
Total, 16 years and over |
148,687 | 45,675 | 30.7 |
16 to 64 years |
140,518 | 42,498 | 30.2 |
65 years and over |
8,168 | 3,177 | 38.9 |
Men |
79,279 | 22,606 | 28.5 |
Women |
69,408 | 23,068 | 33.2 |
Total, 25 years and over |
128,712 | 43,592 | 33.9 |
Less than a high school diploma |
7,762 | 583 | 7.5 |
High school graduates, no college(1) |
30,221 | 4,093 | 13.5 |
Some college or associate degree |
32,473 | 8,183 | 25.2 |
Bachelor's degree and higher(2) |
58,256 | 30,733 | 52.8 |
Footnotes |
|||
NOTE: Persons who worked at home include those who responded that they work at home when asked about their typical commute and those who responded yes when asked if they do any work at home for their job or business. |
Characteristic | Total employed |
Flexible work hours | |
---|---|---|---|
Number | Percent of total employed |
||
TOTAL |
|||
Total, 16 years and over |
154,946 | 59,936 | 38.7 |
16 to 64 years |
145,796 | 55,095 | 37.8 |
65 years and over |
9,149 | 4,841 | 52.9 |
Men |
82,640 | 32,433 | 39.2 |
Women |
72,306 | 27,503 | 38.0 |
Total, 25 years and over |
134,350 | 53,760 | 40.0 |
Less than a high school diploma |
8,152 | 2,103 | 25.8 |
High school graduates, no college(1) |
31,826 | 9,523 | 29.9 |
Some college or associate degree |
34,255 | 12,800 | 37.4 |
Bachelor's degree and higher(2) |
60,116 | 29,335 | 48.8 |
Persons with a disability |
|||
Total, 16 years and over |
6,259 | 2,842 | 45.4 |
16 to 64 years |
5,278 | 2,274 | 43.1 |
65 years and over |
981 | 568 | 57.9 |
Men |
3,360 | 1,473 | 43.8 |
Women |
2,899 | 1,369 | 47.2 |
Total, 25 years and over |
5,638 | 2,587 | 45.9 |
Less than a high school diploma |
390 | 129 | 33.0 |
High school graduates, no college(1) |
1,605 | 661 | 41.2 |
Some college or associate degree |
1,782 | 782 | 43.9 |
Bachelor's degree and higher(2) |
1,860 | 1,015 | 54.6 |
Persons with no disability |
|||
Total, 16 years and over |
148,687 | 57,095 | 38.4 |
16 to 64 years |
140,518 | 52,821 | 37.6 |
65 years and over |
8,168 | 4,274 | 52.3 |
Men |
79,279 | 30,960 | 39.1 |
Women |
69,408 | 26,135 | 37.7 |
Total, 25 years and over |
128,712 | 51,173 | 39.8 |
Less than a high school diploma |
7,762 | 1,974 | 25.4 |
High school graduates, no college(1) |
30,221 | 8,862 | 29.3 |
Some college or associate degree |
32,473 | 12,017 | 37.0 |
Bachelor's degree and higher(2) |
58,256 | 28,320 | 48.6 |
Footnotes |
|||
NOTE: Flexible work hours allow employed persons to vary or make changes in the time they begin and end work. |
Characteristic | Total employed |
Temporary job | |
---|---|---|---|
Number | Percent of total employed |
||
TOTAL |
|||
Total, 16 years and over |
154,946 | 6,467 | 4.2 |
16 to 64 years |
145,796 | 6,078 | 4.2 |
65 years and over |
9,149 | 389 | 4.3 |
Men |
82,640 | 3,513 | 4.3 |
Women |
72,306 | 2,954 | 4.1 |
Total, 25 years and over |
134,350 | 3,798 | 2.8 |
Less than a high school diploma |
8,152 | 568 | 7.0 |
High school graduates, no college(1) |
31,826 | 754 | 2.4 |
Some college or associate degree |
34,255 | 859 | 2.5 |
Bachelor's degree and higher(2) |
60,116 | 1,617 | 2.7 |
Persons with a disability |
|||
Total, 16 years and over |
6,259 | 341 | 5.4 |
16 to 64 years |
5,278 | 281 | 5.3 |
65 years and over |
981 | 59 | 6.1 |
Men |
3,360 | 195 | 5.8 |
Women |
2,899 | 146 | 5.0 |
Total, 25 years and over |
5,638 | 283 | 5.0 |
Less than a high school diploma |
390 | 38 | 9.8 |
High school graduates, no college(1) |
1,605 | 99 | 6.2 |
Some college or associate degree |
1,782 | 56 | 3.2 |
Bachelor's degree and higher(2) |
1,860 | 89 | 4.8 |
Persons with no disability |
|||
Total, 16 years and over |
148,687 | 6,126 | 4.1 |
16 to 64 years |
140,518 | 5,797 | 4.1 |
65 years and over |
8,168 | 330 | 4.0 |
Men |
79,279 | 3,318 | 4.2 |
Women |
69,408 | 2,808 | 4.0 |
Total, 25 years and over |
128,712 | 3,516 | 2.7 |
Less than a high school diploma |
7,762 | 530 | 6.8 |
High school graduates, no college(1) |
30,221 | 655 | 2.2 |
Some college or associate degree |
32,473 | 803 | 2.5 |
Bachelor's degree and higher(2) |
58,256 | 1,528 | 2.6 |
Footnotes |
|||
NOTE: A temporary job is one that lasts only for a limited time or until the completion of a project. |