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Economic News Release
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Employer Costs for Employee Compensation News Release


For release 10:00 a.m. (ET) Tuesday, September 12, 2023			                    USDL-23-1971

Technical information:	(202) 691-6199  *  ncsinfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/ecec
Media contact:		(202) 691-5902  *  pressoffice@bls.gov


                       EMPLOYER COSTS FOR EMPLOYEE COMPENSATION - JUNE 2023
                       
Employer costs for employee compensation for civilian workers averaged $43.26 per hour worked in June 
2023, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Wages and salaries cost employers $29.86 
while benefit costs were $13.39. (See tables 1 and 2.) 

Total employer compensation costs for private industry workers averaged $41.03 per hour worked in June 
2023. Wages and salaries averaged $28.97 per hour worked and accounted for 70.6 percent of employer 
costs, while benefit costs averaged $12.06 per hour worked and accounted for the remaining 29.4 
percent. (See tables 1 and 4.)

Total employer compensation costs for state and local government workers averaged $58.25 per hour 
worked in June 2023. Wages and salaries averaged $35.90 and accounted for 61.6 percent of employer 
costs, while benefit costs averaged $22.35 and accounted for 38.4 percent. (See tables 1 and 3.)

Employer costs for legally required benefits for private industry workers averaged $3.08 per hour 
worked and accounted for 7.5 percent of total compensation. Employer costs for legally required 
benefits for state and local government workers averaged $3.14 and accounted for 5.4 percent of total 
compensation. (See table 1). 

Legally required benefit costs for private industry workers 

Among occupational groups, legally required benefit costs ranged from $4.53 per hour worked for 
management, professional, and related occupations to $1.89 for service occupations. Legally required 
benefit costs accounted for 6.6 percent of total compensation in management, professional, and related 
occupations and accounted for 9.2 percent of total compensation in service occupations. Social Security 
costs averaged $3.21 and accounted for 4.6 percent of total compensation for management, professional, 
and related occupations. Social Security costs averaged $1.12 and accounted for 5.4 percent of total 
compensation for service occupations. (See table 4).

In establishments with 1-49 workers, employer costs for legally required benefits averaged $2.69 per 
hour worked and accounted for 8.1 percent of total compensation. In establishments with 500 workers or 
more, employer costs for legally required benefits averaged $3.99 and accounted for 6.7 percent of 
total compensation. (See table 6).

Employer Costs for Employee Compensation for September 2023 is scheduled to be released on
Friday, December 15, 2023, at 10:00 a.m. (ET).


                                          
                                          TECHNICAL NOTE
                                          
Employer Costs for Employee Compensation (ECEC), a product of the National Compensation Survey,
provides the average employer cost for wages and salaries as well as benefits per hour worked. 
The ECEC covers the civilian economy, which includes data from both private industry and state 
and local government. Federal government workers are excluded. Additionally, the self-employed,
private household workers, and the agricultural sector are excluded from private industry.

Total benefit costs consist of five major categories and include 18 benefit costs:
* Paid leave - vacation, holiday, sick, and personal leave; 
* Supplemental pay - overtime and premium, shift differentials, and nonproduction bonuses; 
* Insurance - life, health, short-term and long-term disability; 
* Retirement and savings - defined benefit and defined contribution; and 
* Legally required benefits - Social Security [refers to Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability
  Insurance (OASDI) program], Medicare, federal and state unemployment insurance, and workers’
  compensation.

All workers are included in the benefit cost estimates including those that do not have plan access
or do not participate. Costs are also affected by other factors such as cost sharing between
employers and employees, plan features, and plan generosity. For the latest information on the
percentage of workers with access to and participating in employer-sponsored benefit plans,
including health care and retirement and savings plans, see www.bls.gov/ebs.

The National Compensation Measures provides additional details on the sample design, calculation
methodology, and resources explaining changes over time, see www.bls.gov/opub/hom/ncs/home.htm.

Sample size
Data for this reference period were collected from a probability sample of approximately 28,100 
occupational observations selected from a sample of about 7,000 private industry establishments
and approximately 7,600 occupational observations selected from a sample of about 1,400 state and
local government establishments that provided data at the initial interview. Beginning December 
2021, an additional (fourth) private industry sample is used in estimation to mitigate the impact
of decreasing response rates.

Measures of reliability
Relative standard errors (RSEs) provide users a tool to ascertain the quality of an estimate to
ensure that it is within an acceptable range for their intended purpose. RSEs are available at
www.bls.gov/web/ecec/ecec-rse.htm and the database query tool at www.bls.gov/ecec/data.htm.

Comparisons
Compensation cost levels in state and local government should not be directly compared with levels
in private industry. Differences between these sectors stem from factors such as variation in work
activities and occupational structures.

Classification systems
The National Compensation Survey publishes estimates of compensation costs and trends as well as
benefit coverage by ownership, industry group, occupational group, and geographic areas, see
www.bls.gov/eci/factsheets/national-compensation-survey-classification-systems-mapping-files.htm.

Additional information
Additional and historical ECEC estimates are available in the ECEC database query tool at 
www.bls.gov/ecec/data.htm and in xlsx format at www.bls.gov/ecec/tables.htm. The 2023 ECEC 
release schedule is available at www.bls.gov/schedule/news_release/ecec.htm. Subscribe to receive 
the BLS Economic News Release email at public.govdelivery.com/accounts/USDOLBLS/subscriber/new. 

If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access 
telecommunications relay services.



Table 1. Employer Costs for Employee Compensation by ownership [June 2023]
Compensation component Civilian workers(1) Private industry
workers
State and local
government workers
Cost ($) Percent of
compensation
Cost ($) Percent of
compensation
Cost ($) Percent of
compensation

Total compensation(2)

43.26 100.0 41.03 100.0 58.25 100.0

Wages and salaries

29.86 69.0 28.97 70.6 35.90 61.6

Total benefits

13.39 31.0 12.06 29.4 22.35 38.4

Paid leave

3.20 7.4 3.05 7.4 4.27 7.3

Vacation

1.57 3.6 1.56 3.8 1.60 2.8

Holiday

0.95 2.2 0.90 2.2 1.23 2.1

Sick

0.50 1.1 0.41 1.0 1.09 1.9

Personal

0.20 0.5 0.17 0.4 0.34 0.6

Supplemental pay

1.41 3.3 1.53 3.7 0.59 1.0

Overtime and premium(3)

0.38 0.9 0.40 1.0 0.27 0.5

Shift differentials

0.07 0.2 0.07 0.2 0.06 0.1

Nonproduction bonuses

0.96 2.2 1.06 2.6 0.27 0.5

Insurance

3.48 8.0 3.02 7.4 6.61 11.3

Life

0.05 0.1 0.05 0.1 0.09 0.1

Health

3.30 7.6 2.84 6.9 6.43 11.0

Short-term disability

0.08 0.2 0.09 0.2 0.03 0.1

Long-term disability

0.05 0.1 0.05 0.1 0.05 0.1

Retirement and savings

2.21 5.1 1.39 3.4 7.73 13.3

Defined benefit

1.30 3.0 0.43 1.0 7.23 12.4

Defined contribution

0.91 2.1 0.97 2.4 0.51 0.9

Legally Required benefits

3.09 7.1 3.08 7.5 3.14 5.4

Social Security and Medicare

2.46 5.7 2.45 6.0 2.48 4.3

Social Security(4)

1.96 4.5 1.97 4.8 1.89 3.2

Medicare

0.50 1.1 0.48 1.2 0.59 1.0

Federal unemployment insurance

0.02 0.1 0.03 0.1 (5)- (6)-

State unemployment insurance

0.13 0.3 0.14 0.3 0.07 0.1

Workers' compensation

0.47 1.1 0.46 1.1 0.59 1.0

Footnotes
(1) Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government.
(2) Includes costs for wages and salaries and benefits.
(3) Includes premium pay for work (such as overtime, weekends, and holidays) in addition to the regular work schedule.
(4) Social Security refers to the Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance (OASDI) program.
(5) Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.
(6) Less than .05 percent.


Table 2. Employer Costs for Employee Compensation for civilian workers by occupational and industry group [June 2023]
Series Total compensation(1) Wages and salaries Total benefits Paid leave Supplemental pay Insurance Retirement and savings Legally required benefits
Cost ($) Percent Cost ($) Percent Cost ($) Percent Cost ($) Percent Cost ($) Percent Cost ($) Percent Cost ($) Percent Cost ($) Percent

Civilian workers(2)

43.26 100.0 29.86 69.0 13.39 31.0 3.20 7.4 1.41 3.3 3.48 8.0 2.21 5.1 3.09 7.1

Occupational group

Management, professional, and related

69.15 100.0 47.08 68.1 22.07 31.9 6.06 8.8 2.31 3.3 5.32 7.7 4.08 5.9 4.30 6.2

Management, business and financial

81.04 100.0 55.06 67.9 25.99 32.1 7.90 9.7 3.70 4.6 5.57 6.9 3.89 4.8 4.92 6.1

Professional and related

63.76 100.0 43.46 68.2 20.30 31.8 5.23 8.2 1.68 2.6 5.20 8.2 4.17 6.5 4.01 6.3

Teachers(3)

68.60 100.0 46.26 67.4 22.34 32.6 3.57 5.2 0.30 0.4 6.46 9.4 8.48 12.4 3.53 5.2

Primary, secondary, and special education school teachers

67.39 100.0 44.29 65.7 23.11 34.3 3.18 4.7 0.28 0.4 7.03 10.4 9.43 14.0 3.19 4.7

Registered nurses

68.03 100.0 44.90 66.0 23.13 34.0 6.90 10.1 2.64 3.9 5.63 8.3 3.32 4.9 4.64 6.8

Sales and office

32.62 100.0 23.20 71.1 9.42 28.9 2.22 6.8 0.89 2.7 2.79 8.6 1.13 3.5 2.37 7.3

Sales and related

31.67 100.0 24.12 76.2 7.55 23.8 1.84 5.8 0.93 2.9 1.67 5.3 0.71 2.2 2.41 7.6

Office and administrative support

33.31 100.0 22.53 67.6 10.78 32.4 2.50 7.5 0.86 2.6 3.62 10.9 1.45 4.3 2.35 7.0

Service

23.57 100.0 17.25 73.2 6.32 26.8 1.20 5.1 0.51 2.2 1.58 6.7 1.04 4.4 1.99 8.4

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

43.77 100.0 29.42 67.2 14.36 32.8 2.47 5.6 1.62 3.7 3.71 8.5 2.77 6.3 3.79 8.7

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and forestry

43.96 100.0 29.49 67.1 14.46 32.9 1.94 4.4 1.66 3.8 3.68 8.4 3.15 7.2 4.03 9.2

Installation, maintenance, and repair

43.57 100.0 29.33 67.3 14.24 32.7 3.06 7.0 1.58 3.6 3.74 8.6 2.34 5.4 3.51 8.1

Production, transportation, and material moving

33.77 100.0 22.78 67.4 11.00 32.6 2.07 6.1 1.47 4.3 3.31 9.8 1.32 3.9 2.83 8.4

Production

33.44 100.0 22.26 66.6 11.18 33.4 2.09 6.2 1.88 5.6 3.53 10.6 0.99 3.0 2.69 8.1

Transportation and material moving

33.98 100.0 23.10 68.0 10.89 32.0 2.06 6.1 1.21 3.6 3.18 9.4 1.53 4.5 2.91 8.6

Industry group

Education and health services

48.90 100.0 33.31 68.1 15.59 31.9 3.81 7.8 0.83 1.7 4.36 8.9 3.48 7.1 3.11 6.4

Educational services

59.82 100.0 39.38 65.8 20.45 34.2 3.74 6.3 0.32 0.5 6.13 10.3 7.08 11.8 3.17 5.3

Elementary and secondary schools

58.69 100.0 38.03 64.8 20.66 35.2 3.04 5.2 0.27 0.5 6.49 11.1 7.96 13.6 2.91 5.0

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities

68.42 100.0 45.05 65.8 23.37 34.2 5.94 8.7 0.42 0.6 6.51 9.5 6.65 9.7 3.84 5.6

Health care and social assistance

43.08 100.0 30.08 69.8 13.01 30.2 3.84 8.9 1.11 2.6 3.41 7.9 1.56 3.6 3.08 7.1

Hospitals

60.07 100.0 39.67 66.0 20.40 34.0 5.82 9.7 2.22 3.7 5.48 9.1 2.99 5.0 3.89 6.5

Footnotes
(1) Includes costs for wages and salaries and benefits.
(2) Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government.
(3) Includes postsecondary teachers; primary, secondary, and special education teachers; and other teachers and instructors.


Table 3. Employer Costs for Employee Compensation for state and local government workers by occupational and industry group [June 2023]
Series Total compensation(1) Wages and salaries Total benefits Paid leave Supplemental pay Insurance Retirement and savings Legally required benefits
Cost ($) Percent Cost ($) Percent Cost ($) Percent Cost ($) Percent Cost ($) Percent Cost ($) Percent Cost ($) Percent Cost ($) Percent

State and local government workers

58.25 100.0 35.90 61.6 22.35 38.4 4.27 7.3 0.59 1.0 6.61 11.3 7.73 13.3 3.14 5.4

Occupational group

Management, professional, and related

69.38 100.0 44.20 63.7 25.18 36.3 4.71 6.8 0.45 0.7 7.19 10.4 9.31 13.4 3.51 5.1

Professional and related

67.35 100.0 43.20 64.1 24.15 35.9 4.19 6.2 0.43 0.6 7.15 10.6 8.99 13.3 3.38 5.0

Teachers(2)

75.89 100.0 49.90 65.8 25.99 34.2 3.56 4.7 0.30 0.4 7.66 10.1 10.93 14.4 3.54 4.7

Primary, secondary, and special education school teachers

75.70 100.0 49.04 64.8 26.66 35.2 3.30 4.4 0.29 0.4 8.14 10.7 11.59 15.3 3.35 4.4

Sales and office

40.89 100.0 23.44 57.3 17.45 42.7 3.54 8.7 0.37 0.9 6.33 15.5 4.80 11.7 2.41 5.9

Office and administrative support

41.09 100.0 23.49 57.2 17.59 42.8 3.56 8.7 0.37 0.9 6.41 15.6 4.84 11.8 2.41 5.9

Service

44.29 100.0 25.37 57.3 18.92 42.7 3.70 8.3 0.97 2.2 5.28 11.9 6.31 14.2 2.66 6.0

Industry group

Education and health services

60.63 100.0 38.66 63.8 21.97 36.2 3.81 6.3 0.41 0.7 6.74 11.1 7.96 13.1 3.05 5.0

Educational services

62.09 100.0 39.80 64.1 22.30 35.9 3.59 5.8 0.29 0.5 6.84 11.0 8.53 13.7 3.03 4.9

Elementary and secondary schools

60.40 100.0 38.73 64.1 21.68 35.9 3.04 5.0 0.27 0.4 6.83 11.3 8.65 14.3 2.89 4.8

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities

67.81 100.0 43.42 64.0 24.39 36.0 5.51 8.1 0.35 0.5 6.85 10.1 8.15 12.0 3.53 5.2

Health care and social assistance

52.57 100.0 32.38 61.6 20.19 38.4 5.01 9.5 1.06 2.0 6.17 11.7 4.80 9.1 3.15 6.0

Hospitals

55.34 100.0 34.79 62.9 20.55 37.1 5.22 9.4 1.22 2.2 6.16 11.1 4.67 8.4 3.29 5.9

Public administration

56.78 100.0 32.78 57.7 24.00 42.3 5.22 9.2 0.87 1.5 6.60 11.6 7.96 14.0 3.36 5.9

Footnotes
(1) Includes costs for wages and salaries and benefits.
(2) Includes postsecondary teachers; primary, secondary, and special education teachers; and other teachers and instructors.


Table 4. Employer Costs for Employee Compensation for private industry workers by occupational and industry group [June 2023]
Series Total compensation(1) Wages and salaries Total benefits Paid leave Supplemental pay Insurance Retirement and savings Legally required benefits
Cost ($) Percent Cost ($) Percent Cost ($) Percent Cost ($) Percent Cost ($) Percent Cost ($) Percent Cost ($) Percent Cost ($) Percent

Private industry workers

41.03 100.0 28.97 70.6 12.06 29.4 3.05 7.4 1.53 3.7 3.02 7.4 1.39 3.4 3.08 7.5

Occupational group

Management, professional, and related occupations

69.08 100.0 47.93 69.4 21.16 30.6 6.46 9.4 2.87 4.1 4.76 6.9 2.53 3.7 4.53 6.6

Management, business, and financial occupations

80.96 100.0 55.60 68.7 25.36 31.3 7.90 9.8 4.06 5.0 5.36 6.6 3.04 3.8 5.00 6.2

Professional and related occupations

62.32 100.0 43.56 69.9 18.76 30.1 5.65 9.1 2.18 3.5 4.42 7.1 2.24 3.6 4.26 6.8

Sales and office occupations

31.87 100.0 23.18 72.7 8.69 27.3 2.11 6.6 0.94 2.9 2.47 7.8 0.80 2.5 2.37 7.4

Sales and related occupations

31.65 100.0 24.14 76.2 7.52 23.8 1.84 5.8 0.93 2.9 1.65 5.2 0.69 2.2 2.41 7.6

Office and administrative support occupations

32.05 100.0 22.38 69.8 9.68 30.2 2.33 7.3 0.94 2.9 3.17 9.9 0.90 2.8 2.34 7.3

Service occupations

20.67 100.0 16.12 78.0 4.55 22.0 0.85 4.1 0.44 2.1 1.06 5.1 0.30 1.5 1.89 9.2

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations

43.25 100.0 29.41 68.0 13.85 32.0 2.31 5.3 1.67 3.9 3.48 8.1 2.54 5.9 3.84 8.9

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and forestry occupations

43.50 100.0 29.53 67.9 13.97 32.1 1.74 4.0 1.73 4.0 3.43 7.9 2.96 6.8 4.11 9.4

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations

42.98 100.0 29.27 68.1 13.71 31.9 2.94 6.8 1.61 3.8 3.55 8.3 2.07 4.8 3.54 8.2

Production, transportation, and material moving occupations

33.35 100.0 22.65 67.9 10.71 32.1 2.02 6.1 1.49 4.5 3.21 9.6 1.17 3.5 2.82 8.5

Production occupations

33.12 100.0 22.11 66.8 11.00 33.2 2.04 6.2 1.89 5.7 3.48 10.5 0.90 2.7 2.69 8.1

Transportation and material moving occupations

33.50 100.0 22.99 68.6 10.51 31.4 2.01 6.0 1.22 3.7 3.04 9.1 1.34 4.0 2.90 8.7

Industry and occupational group

Goods-producing industries(2)

44.16 100.0 29.90 67.7 14.26 32.3 2.82 6.4 2.12 4.8 3.82 8.7 1.93 4.4 3.57 8.1

Management, professional, and related occupations

73.01 100.0 50.01 68.5 23.00 31.5 6.51 8.9 3.24 4.4 5.13 7.0 3.23 4.4 4.89 6.7

Management, business, and financial occupations

76.47 100.0 53.30 69.7 23.17 30.3 6.78 8.9 3.23 4.2 5.03 6.6 3.02 4.0 5.10 6.7

Professional and related occupations

69.10 100.0 46.30 67.0 22.80 33.0 6.19 9.0 3.24 4.7 5.25 7.6 3.46 5.0 4.66 6.7

Sales and office occupations

37.88 100.0 27.29 72.1 10.59 27.9 2.41 6.4 1.26 3.3 3.11 8.2 0.91 2.4 2.90 7.7

Office and administrative support occupations

33.84 100.0 24.11 71.3 9.72 28.7 2.14 6.3 1.14 3.4 3.05 9.0 0.79 2.3 2.62 7.7

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations

43.56 100.0 29.49 67.7 14.07 32.3 1.92 4.4 1.89 4.3 3.48 8.0 2.73 6.3 4.05 9.3

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing and forestry occupations

43.42 100.0 29.45 67.8 13.97 32.2 1.67 3.9 1.78 4.1 3.40 7.8 2.97 6.8 4.15 9.6

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations

44.06 100.0 29.64 67.3 14.42 32.7 2.75 6.2 2.27 5.1 3.76 8.5 1.90 4.3 3.73 8.5

Production, transportation, and material moving occupations

34.75 100.0 22.85 65.8 11.90 34.2 2.15 6.2 2.08 6.0 3.80 10.9 1.03 3.0 2.84 8.2

Production occupations

34.80 100.0 22.80 65.5 12.00 34.5 2.21 6.3 2.13 6.1 3.89 11.2 0.98 2.8 2.78 8.0

Transportation and material moving occupations

34.54 100.0 23.07 66.8 11.47 33.2 1.89 5.5 1.88 5.4 3.41 9.9 1.24 3.6 3.05 8.8

Construction industry

44.75 100.0 31.37 70.1 13.38 29.9 2.09 4.7 1.64 3.7 3.29 7.4 2.30 5.1 4.07 9.1

Manufacturing industry

43.79 100.0 29.05 66.3 14.74 33.7 3.29 7.5 2.36 5.4 4.14 9.5 1.70 3.9 3.25 7.4

Management, professional, and related occupations

75.32 100.0 50.90 67.6 24.42 32.4 7.01 9.3 3.45 4.6 5.48 7.3 3.58 4.8 4.89 6.5

Management, business, and financial occupations

80.25 100.0 55.13 68.7 25.12 31.3 7.58 9.4 3.51 4.4 5.48 6.8 3.43 4.3 5.12 6.4

Professional and related occupations

71.06 100.0 47.25 66.5 23.81 33.5 6.52 9.2 3.40 4.8 5.48 7.7 3.72 5.2 4.70 6.6

Sales and office occupations

37.48 100.0 26.22 70.0 11.25 30.0 2.68 7.2 1.52 4.1 3.28 8.8 1.06 2.8 2.71 7.2

Office and administrative support occupations

34.14 100.0 23.67 69.3 10.48 30.7 2.38 7.0 1.34 3.9 3.36 9.8 0.95 2.8 2.46 7.2

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations

48.19 100.0 30.09 62.4 18.10 37.6 3.24 6.7 2.93 6.1 4.76 9.9 3.39 7.0 3.78 7.8

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations

47.30 100.0 30.69 64.9 16.62 35.1 3.40 7.2 2.83 6.0 4.66 9.9 1.99 4.2 3.73 7.9

Production, transportation, and material moving occupations

33.98 100.0 22.21 65.4 11.77 34.6 2.17 6.4 2.08 6.1 3.82 11.2 0.96 2.8 2.74 8.1

Production occupations

34.27 100.0 22.35 65.2 11.91 34.8 2.22 6.5 2.13 6.2 3.89 11.3 0.94 2.7 2.73 8.0

Transportation and material moving occupations

32.49 100.0 21.44 66.0 11.05 34.0 1.95 6.0 1.83 5.6 3.44 10.6 1.06 3.3 2.77 8.5

Aircraft manufacturing industry

84.12 100.0 51.59 61.3 32.53 38.7 8.00 9.5 5.55 6.6 7.85 9.3 5.71 6.8 5.43 6.5

Service-providing industries(3)

40.42 100.0 28.79 71.2 11.63 28.8 3.09 7.6 1.41 3.5 2.86 7.1 1.29 3.2 2.98 7.4

Management, professional, and related occupations

68.65 100.0 47.70 69.5 20.95 30.5 6.46 9.4 2.82 4.1 4.72 6.9 2.46 3.6 4.49 6.5

Management, business, and financial occupations

81.73 100.0 55.99 68.5 25.74 31.5 8.09 9.9 4.20 5.1 5.42 6.6 3.05 3.7 4.98 6.1

Professional and related occupations

61.78 100.0 43.34 70.2 18.44 29.8 5.60 9.1 2.10 3.4 4.36 7.1 2.15 3.5 4.23 6.9

Sales and office occupations

31.41 100.0 22.87 72.8 8.54 27.2 2.08 6.6 0.91 2.9 2.43 7.7 0.79 2.5 2.33 7.4

Sales and related occupations

30.95 100.0 23.63 76.3 7.32 23.7 1.78 5.8 0.91 2.9 1.61 5.2 0.67 2.2 2.36 7.6

Office and administrative support occupations

31.84 100.0 22.17 69.6 9.67 30.4 2.36 7.4 0.92 2.9 3.18 10.0 0.91 2.9 2.30 7.2

Service occupations

20.65 100.0 16.11 78.0 4.54 22.0 0.85 4.1 0.44 2.1 1.06 5.1 0.30 1.4 1.89 9.2

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations

42.79 100.0 29.28 68.4 13.51 31.6 2.90 6.8 1.35 3.2 3.49 8.2 2.26 5.3 3.51 8.2

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations

42.55 100.0 29.12 68.4 13.43 31.6 3.02 7.1 1.35 3.2 3.46 8.1 2.14 5.0 3.46 8.1

Production, transportation, and material moving occupations

32.54 100.0 22.53 69.2 10.01 30.8 1.95 6.0 1.14 3.5 2.87 8.8 1.25 3.8 2.81 8.6

Production occupations

27.86 100.0 19.98 71.7 7.88 28.3 1.53 5.5 1.14 4.1 2.19 7.9 0.64 2.3 2.39 8.6

Transportation and material moving occupations

33.36 100.0 22.98 68.9 10.39 31.1 2.03 6.1 1.14 3.4 2.99 8.9 1.36 4.1 2.88 8.6

Trade, transportation, and utilities industry

35.08 100.0 25.01 71.3 10.07 28.7 2.29 6.5 1.13 3.2 2.58 7.4 1.28 3.7 2.77 7.9

Management, professional, and related occupations

67.70 100.0 48.47 71.6 19.23 28.4 6.04 8.9 2.34 3.5 3.99 5.9 2.40 3.5 4.45 6.6

Management, business, and financial occupations

78.43 100.0 55.76 71.1 22.67 28.9 7.33 9.3 3.09 3.9 4.48 5.7 2.83 3.6 4.94 6.3

Professional and related occupations

53.90 100.0 39.10 72.5 14.81 27.5 4.38 8.1 1.38 2.6 3.36 6.2 1.86 3.4 3.82 7.1

Sales and office occupations

27.46 100.0 20.77 75.6 6.69 24.4 1.52 5.5 0.74 2.7 1.63 5.9 0.64 2.3 2.16 7.9

Sales and related occupations

26.09 100.0 20.26 77.7 5.83 22.3 1.31 5.0 0.71 2.7 1.21 4.7 0.51 2.0 2.08 8.0

Office and administrative support occupations

32.55 100.0 22.66 69.6 9.89 30.4 2.28 7.0 0.88 2.7 3.16 9.7 1.11 3.4 2.45 7.5

Service occupations

22.74 100.0 16.87 74.2 5.88 25.8 1.11 4.9 0.68 3.0 1.45 6.4 0.66 2.9 1.97 8.7

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations

47.32 100.0 31.59 66.8 15.73 33.2 3.39 7.2 1.75 3.7 3.98 8.4 2.79 5.9 3.81 8.0

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations

47.66 100.0 31.95 67.0 15.72 33.0 3.45 7.2 1.78 3.7 3.94 8.3 2.73 5.7 3.82 8.0

Production, transportation, and material moving occupations

35.71 100.0 24.26 68.0 11.44 32.0 2.27 6.4 1.25 3.5 3.28 9.2 1.61 4.5 3.02 8.5

Transportation and material moving occupations

35.81 100.0 24.36 68.0 11.45 32.0 2.27 6.3 1.23 3.4 3.28 9.2 1.64 4.6 3.03 8.5

Wholesale trade industry

47.66 100.0 33.89 71.1 13.77 28.9 3.67 7.7 1.86 3.9 3.25 6.8 1.49 3.1 3.50 7.3

Sales and office occupations

49.88 100.0 36.31 72.8 13.57 27.2 3.72 7.5 1.58 3.2 3.23 6.5 1.56 3.1 3.48 7.0

Office and administrative support occupations

33.88 100.0 23.83 70.3 10.06 29.7 2.50 7.4 1.19 3.5 3.06 9.0 0.82 2.4 2.49 7.3

Production, transportation, and material moving occupations

31.14 100.0 21.40 68.7 9.74 31.3 1.90 6.1 1.43 4.6 2.76 8.9 0.87 2.8 2.77 8.9

Transportation and material moving occupations

31.07 100.0 21.38 68.8 9.69 31.2 1.87 6.0 1.38 4.4 2.72 8.7 0.94 3.0 2.78 8.9

Retail trade industry

24.67 100.0 18.90 76.6 5.78 23.4 1.25 5.1 0.66 2.7 1.38 5.6 0.44 1.8 2.04 8.3

Sales and office occupations

21.65 100.0 17.05 78.8 4.59 21.2 0.92 4.3 0.54 2.5 1.01 4.7 0.30 1.4 1.81 8.4

Sales and related occupations

21.16 100.0 16.77 79.2 4.39 20.8 0.85 4.0 0.54 2.6 0.92 4.4 0.29 1.3 1.79 8.5

Office and administrative support occupations

26.79 100.0 20.06 74.9 6.72 25.1 1.66 6.2 0.58 2.2 1.97 7.3 0.43 1.6 2.08 7.8

Production, transportation, and material moving occupations

23.58 100.0 17.22 73.0 6.36 27.0 1.21 5.1 0.63 2.7 1.88 8.0 0.60 2.5 2.04 8.6

Transportation and material moving occupations

23.28 100.0 17.06 73.3 6.22 26.7 1.18 5.1 0.62 2.6 1.83 7.8 0.58 2.5 2.02 8.7

Transportation and warehousing industry

45.08 100.0 29.84 66.2 15.25 33.8 3.17 7.0 1.49 3.3 4.42 9.8 2.53 5.6 3.64 8.1

Utilities industry

77.39 100.0 47.31 61.1 30.07 38.9 6.94 9.0 2.73 3.5 7.39 9.6 7.69 9.9 5.32 6.9

Information industry

70.30 100.0 45.96 65.4 24.34 34.6 6.93 9.9 3.27 4.7 6.20 8.8 3.53 5.0 4.42 6.3

Management, professional, and related occupations

89.04 100.0 59.00 66.3 30.04 33.7 9.45 10.6 4.54 5.1 7.15 8.0 3.46 3.9 5.45 6.1

Professional and related occupations

83.93 100.0 55.35 65.9 28.58 34.1 8.79 10.5 4.06 4.8 7.05 8.4 3.41 4.1 5.27 6.3

Sales and office occupations

46.34 100.0 30.46 65.7 15.88 34.3 3.80 8.2 1.79 3.9 4.98 10.7 (4)2.29 4.9 3.01 6.5

Financial activities industry

57.58 100.0 38.27 66.5 19.31 33.5 5.18 9.0 3.57 6.2 4.89 8.5 2.07 3.6 3.60 6.2

Management, professional, and related occupations

85.09 100.0 55.55 65.3 29.54 34.7 8.34 9.8 6.35 7.5 6.41 7.5 3.40 4.0 5.04 5.9

Management, business, and financial occupations

85.70 100.0 56.01 65.4 29.69 34.6 8.36 9.8 6.70 7.8 6.33 7.4 3.30 3.9 4.99 5.8

Professional and related occupations

82.92 100.0 53.92 65.0 29.00 35.0 8.27 10.0 5.13 6.2 6.67 8.0 3.74 4.5 5.19 6.3

Sales and office occupations

40.86 100.0 27.71 67.8 13.15 32.2 3.29 8.1 1.87 4.6 4.07 10.0 1.31 3.2 2.61 6.4

Sales and related occupations

53.47 100.0 38.10 71.3 15.37 28.7 4.20 7.9 2.68 5.0 3.53 6.6 1.72 3.2 3.24 6.1

Office and administrative support occupations

35.60 100.0 23.37 65.7 12.23 34.3 2.91 8.2 1.54 4.3 4.29 12.1 1.14 3.2 2.34 6.6

Finance and insurance industry

64.94 100.0 42.55 65.5 22.39 34.5 6.01 9.3 4.43 6.8 5.54 8.5 2.54 3.9 3.88 6.0

Credit intermediation and related activities industry

58.64 100.0 38.38 65.5 20.26 34.5 5.60 9.5 3.75 6.4 5.21 8.9 2.17 3.7 3.54 6.0

Insurance carriers and related activities industry

58.75 100.0 38.45 65.4 20.30 34.6 5.30 9.0 3.44 5.8 5.43 9.2 2.44 4.2 3.70 6.3

Real estate and rental and leasing industry

36.26 100.0 25.87 71.4 10.38 28.6 2.79 7.7 1.08 3.0 2.99 8.3 0.73 2.0 2.79 7.7

Professional and business services industry

51.20 100.0 36.45 71.2 14.74 28.8 4.10 8.0 2.24 4.4 3.40 6.6 1.39 2.7 3.62 7.1

Management, professional, and related occupations

76.41 100.0 53.36 69.8 23.05 30.2 6.99 9.2 3.77 4.9 4.87 6.4 2.41 3.2 5.01 6.6

Management, business, and financial occupations

86.89 100.0 59.68 68.7 27.22 31.3 8.53 9.8 4.85 5.6 5.52 6.4 2.98 3.4 5.34 6.1

Professional and related occupations

69.25 100.0 49.05 70.8 20.20 29.2 5.95 8.6 3.03 4.4 4.42 6.4 2.02 2.9 4.78 6.9

Sales and office occupations

34.28 100.0 25.22 73.6 9.06 26.4 2.25 6.6 0.96 2.8 2.65 7.7 0.65 1.9 2.55 7.4

Office and administrative support occupations

31.15 100.0 22.52 72.3 8.63 27.7 2.12 6.8 0.96 3.1 2.68 8.6 0.57 1.8 2.30 7.4

Service occupations

24.30 100.0 18.73 77.1 5.57 22.9 1.09 4.5 0.73 3.0 1.44 5.9 0.17 0.7 2.14 8.8

Production, transportation, and material moving occupations

25.90 100.0 19.17 74.0 6.73 26.0 1.14 4.4 1.05 4.0 1.90 7.4 0.32 1.2 2.32 9.0

Transportation and material moving occupations

27.08 100.0 19.86 73.3 7.23 26.7 1.17 4.3 1.10 4.1 2.14 7.9 0.36 1.3 2.45 9.1

Professional, scientific, and technical services industry

66.94 100.0 47.02 70.3 19.91 29.7 5.94 8.9 3.10 4.6 4.41 6.6 2.01 3.0 4.45 6.6

Administrative and waste services industry

30.63 100.0 23.09 75.4 7.54 24.6 1.58 5.1 0.93 3.0 1.96 6.4 0.49 1.6 2.59 8.4

Education and health services industry

43.57 100.0 30.88 70.9 12.69 29.1 3.81 8.7 1.02 2.3 3.28 7.5 1.45 3.3 3.14 7.2

Management, professional, and related occupations

58.91 100.0 41.44 70.3 17.47 29.7 5.58 9.5 1.44 2.4 4.27 7.2 2.18 3.7 4.00 6.8

Management, business, and financial occupations

74.46 100.0 52.54 70.6 21.92 29.4 8.26 11.1 1.07 1.4 5.05 6.8 2.99 4.0 4.54 6.1

Professional and related occupations

57.15 100.0 40.18 70.3 16.97 29.7 5.28 9.2 1.48 2.6 4.18 7.3 2.09 3.7 3.94 6.9

Sales and office occupations

31.74 100.0 22.51 70.9 9.23 29.1 2.57 8.1 0.45 1.4 3.01 9.5 0.80 2.5 2.41 7.6

Office and administrative support occupations

30.33 100.0 21.37 70.4 8.96 29.6 2.44 8.0 0.47 1.5 2.97 9.8 0.81 2.7 2.27 7.5

Service occupations

24.39 100.0 17.79 72.9 6.60 27.1 1.50 6.2 0.61 2.5 1.85 7.6 0.56 2.3 2.07 8.5

Educational services industry

52.59 100.0 38.04 72.3 14.55 27.7 4.22 8.0 0.38 0.7 3.88 7.4 2.46 4.7 3.60 6.9

Management, professional, and related occupations

58.14 100.0 42.25 72.7 15.88 27.3 4.71 8.1 0.40 0.7 4.12 7.1 2.74 4.7 3.91 6.7

Management, business, and financial occupations

72.27 100.0 51.11 70.7 21.16 29.3 7.98 11.0 (4)0.68 (4)0.9 4.70 6.5 3.37 4.7 4.43 6.1

Professional and related occupations

55.16 100.0 40.39 73.2 14.77 26.8 4.02 7.3 0.34 0.6 4.00 7.3 2.60 4.7 3.80 6.9

Sales and office occupations

31.89 100.0 22.08 69.2 9.81 30.8 2.48 7.8 0.25 0.8 3.48 10.9 1.37 4.3 2.22 7.0

Office and administrative support occupations

31.82 100.0 22.02 69.2 9.80 30.8 2.48 7.8 0.25 0.8 3.48 10.9 1.37 4.3 2.22 7.0

Service occupations

27.84 100.0 20.18 72.5 7.65 27.5 1.79 6.4 0.33 1.2 2.03 7.3 1.12 4.0 2.39 8.6

Junior colleges, colleges, universities and professional schools industry

69.51 100.0 47.98 69.0 21.53 31.0 6.72 9.7 0.55 0.8 5.91 8.5 3.94 5.7 4.41 6.3

Health care and social assistance industry

42.33 100.0 29.90 70.6 12.44 29.4 3.75 8.9 1.11 2.6 3.19 7.5 1.31 3.1 3.07 7.3

Registered nurse occupations

68.66 100.0 45.63 66.5 23.03 33.5 7.11 10.4 2.76 4.0 5.47 8.0 2.90 4.2 4.79 7.0

Management, professional, and related occupations

59.08 100.0 41.26 69.8 17.82 30.2 5.77 9.8 1.67 2.8 4.30 7.3 2.05 3.5 4.02 6.8

Professional and related occupations

57.55 100.0 40.14 69.8 17.41 30.2 5.53 9.6 1.71 3.0 4.22 7.3 1.98 3.4 3.97 6.9

Sales and office occupations

31.73 100.0 22.55 71.1 9.17 28.9 2.58 8.1 0.47 1.5 2.96 9.3 0.74 2.3 2.43 7.6

Office and administrative support occupations

30.18 100.0 21.30 70.6 8.88 29.4 2.43 8.1 0.49 1.6 2.92 9.7 0.75 2.5 2.28 7.5

Service occupations

24.28 100.0 17.71 73.0 6.57 27.0 1.49 6.2 0.62 2.6 1.84 7.6 0.54 2.2 2.06 8.5

Hospitals industry

61.01 100.0 40.64 66.6 20.36 33.4 5.94 9.7 2.42 4.0 5.35 8.8 2.65 4.3 4.01 6.6

Management, professional, and related occupations

72.75 100.0 48.93 67.3 23.82 32.7 7.28 10.0 2.84 3.9 5.79 8.0 3.19 4.4 4.70 6.5

Registered nurse occupations

70.53 100.0 46.06 65.3 24.46 34.7 7.19 10.2 3.18 4.5 6.03 8.6 3.27 4.6 4.79 6.8

Service occupations

32.39 100.0 20.49 63.3 11.90 36.7 2.54 7.8 1.66 5.1 3.92 12.1 1.44 4.4 2.34 7.2

Nursing and residential care facilities industry

29.29 100.0 21.36 72.9 7.93 27.1 2.09 7.1 0.75 2.5 2.27 7.7 0.44 1.5 2.39 8.2

Management, professional, and related occupations

43.49 100.0 31.63 72.7 11.85 27.3 3.54 8.1 1.10 2.5 3.11 7.1 0.82 1.9 3.29 7.6

Service occupations

23.50 100.0 17.17 73.1 6.33 26.9 1.48 6.3 0.64 2.7 1.89 8.0 0.28 1.2 2.03 8.7

Nursing care facilities industry

32.47 100.0 23.48 72.3 8.99 27.7 2.33 7.2 0.90 2.8 2.69 8.3 0.47 1.4 2.59 8.0

Management, professional, and related occupations

46.31 100.0 34.00 73.4 12.31 26.6 3.59 7.7 1.27 2.7 3.22 7.0 0.71 1.5 3.53 7.6

Service occupations

24.96 100.0 17.76 71.2 7.20 28.8 1.63 6.5 0.76 3.1 2.35 9.4 0.35 1.4 2.10 8.4

Leisure and hospitality industry

18.81 100.0 15.33 81.5 3.47 18.5 0.57 3.0 0.25 1.3 0.68 3.6 0.18 0.9 1.80 9.5

Sales and office occupations

21.12 100.0 16.54 78.3 4.58 21.7 0.94 4.5 0.27 1.3 (4)1.41 6.7 0.22 1.1 1.74 8.3

Service occupations

17.05 100.0 14.13 82.8 2.92 17.2 0.38 2.2 0.24 1.4 0.49 2.8 0.14 0.8 1.69 9.9

Accommodation and food services industry

17.62 100.0 14.48 82.2 3.14 17.8 0.43 2.4 0.25 1.4 0.59 3.3 0.15 0.8 1.72 9.7

Other services industry

36.38 100.0 27.19 74.7 9.20 25.3 2.61 7.2 0.50 1.4 1.99 5.5 1.28 3.5 2.82 7.8

Footnotes
(1) Includes costs for wages and salaries and benefits.
(2) Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. The agriculture, forestry, farming, and hunting sector is excluded.
(3) Includes utilities; wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional, scientific, and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.
(4) The relative standard error for this estimate is equal to or greater than 30 percent.


Table 5. Employer Costs for Employee Compensation for private industry workers by bargaining and work status [June 2023]
Series Total compensation(1) Wages and salaries Total benefits Paid leave Supplemental pay Insurance Retirement and savings Legally required benefits
Cost ($) Percent Cost ($) Percent Cost ($) Percent Cost ($) Percent Cost ($) Percent Cost ($) Percent Cost ($) Percent Cost ($) Percent

Union workers

55.57 100.0 33.55 60.4 22.02 39.6 3.95 7.1 2.19 3.9 7.02 12.6 4.78 8.6 4.08 7.3

Goods-producing industries(2)

55.34 100.0 32.33 58.4 23.00 41.6 2.97 5.4 2.80 5.1 7.61 13.7 5.32 9.6 4.30 7.8

Manufacturing industry

47.25 100.0 26.91 57.0 20.34 43.0 3.26 6.9 3.29 7.0 7.19 15.2 3.15 6.7 3.45 7.3

Service-providing industries(3)

55.69 100.0 34.17 61.4 21.52 38.6 4.46 8.0 1.87 3.4 6.72 12.1 4.50 8.1 3.97 7.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities industry

54.73 100.0 33.77 61.7 20.96 38.3 4.13 7.6 1.85 3.4 6.44 11.8 4.58 8.4 3.95 7.2

Retail trade industry

27.08 100.0 17.22 63.6 9.86 36.4 1.59 5.9 0.68 2.5 3.46 12.8 1.94 7.2 2.19 8.1

Transportation and warehousing industry

65.03 100.0 40.46 62.2 24.57 37.8 5.07 7.8 2.22 3.4 7.45 11.5 5.25 8.1 4.58 7.0

Education and health services industry

64.60 100.0 39.47 61.1 25.13 38.9 5.95 9.2 2.36 3.6 7.82 12.1 4.57 7.1 4.43 6.9

Health care and social assistance industry

64.36 100.0 38.99 60.6 25.37 39.4 6.01 9.3 2.55 4.0 7.82 12.2 4.55 7.1 4.43 6.9

Nonunion workers

39.75 100.0 28.57 71.9 11.18 28.1 2.97 7.5 1.47 3.7 2.66 6.7 1.09 2.8 2.99 7.5

Goods-producing industries(2)

41.92 100.0 29.41 70.2 12.51 29.8 2.79 6.7 1.99 4.7 3.06 7.3 1.25 3.0 3.42 8.2

Manufacturing industries

43.13 100.0 29.46 68.3 13.66 31.7 3.29 7.6 2.18 5.1 3.56 8.2 1.42 3.3 3.22 7.5

Service-providing industries(3)

39.37 100.0 28.42 72.2 10.95 27.8 3.00 7.6 1.38 3.5 2.59 6.6 1.07 2.7 2.91 7.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities industries

32.13 100.0 23.69 73.8 8.43 26.2 2.02 6.3 1.02 3.2 2.00 6.2 0.79 2.5 2.60 8.1

Retail trade industries

24.51 100.0 19.01 77.6 5.49 22.4 1.23 5.0 0.65 2.7 1.24 5.0 0.34 1.4 2.04 8.3

Transportation and warehousing industries

34.63 100.0 24.27 70.1 10.36 29.9 2.17 6.3 1.11 3.2 2.83 8.2 1.10 3.2 3.15 9.1

Education and health services industries

42.19 100.0 30.32 71.8 11.88 28.2 3.67 8.7 0.94 2.2 2.98 7.1 1.24 2.9 3.05 7.2

Health care and social assistance industries

40.85 100.0 29.28 71.7 11.57 28.3 3.60 8.8 1.01 2.5 2.88 7.1 1.09 2.7 2.98 7.3

Full-time workers

47.32 100.0 32.67 69.0 14.65 31.0 3.79 8.0 1.91 4.0 3.81 8.1 1.74 3.7 3.40 7.2

Occupational group

Management, professional and related occupations

71.24 100.0 48.96 68.7 22.28 31.3 6.80 9.5 3.05 4.3 5.14 7.2 2.69 3.8 4.59 6.4

Management, business, and financial occupations

81.81 100.0 56.11 68.6 25.71 31.4 8.01 9.8 4.13 5.0 5.44 6.7 3.09 3.8 5.04 6.2

Professional and related occupations

64.29 100.0 44.26 68.9 20.02 31.1 6.01 9.3 2.35 3.6 4.95 7.7 2.43 3.8 4.29 6.7

Sales and office occupations

36.90 100.0 26.09 70.7 10.81 29.3 2.74 7.4 1.19 3.2 3.23 8.8 1.04 2.8 2.61 7.1

Sales and related occupations

42.65 100.0 31.45 73.7 11.20 26.3 2.98 7.0 1.44 3.4 2.68 6.3 1.10 2.6 3.00 7.0

Office and administrative support occupations

33.69 100.0 23.10 68.6 10.59 31.4 2.60 7.7 1.05 3.1 3.54 10.5 1.01 3.0 2.40 7.1

Service occupations

24.80 100.0 18.24 73.6 6.55 26.4 1.39 5.6 0.72 2.9 1.91 7.7 0.48 1.9 2.05 8.3

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations

43.98 100.0 29.76 67.7 14.22 32.3 2.38 5.4 1.72 3.9 3.63 8.2 2.62 6.0 3.88 8.8

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and forestry occupations

43.84 100.0 29.66 67.7 14.18 32.3 1.77 4.0 1.75 4.0 3.54 8.1 3.00 6.8 4.13 9.4

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations

44.14 100.0 29.88 67.7 14.26 32.3 3.07 7.0 1.68 3.8 3.73 8.5 2.18 4.9 3.60 8.2

Production, transportation, and material moving occupations

36.03 100.0 24.09 66.9 11.94 33.1 2.32 6.4 1.71 4.8 3.66 10.2 1.31 3.6 2.94 8.2

Production occupations

33.92 100.0 22.50 66.3 11.43 33.7 2.13 6.3 1.97 5.8 3.65 10.8 0.95 2.8 2.73 8.0

Transportation and material moving occupations

37.84 100.0 25.46 67.3 12.39 32.7 2.48 6.5 1.50 4.0 3.67 9.7 1.62 4.3 3.12 8.3

Industry group

Goods-producing industries(2)

44.73 100.0 30.20 67.5 14.53 32.5 2.89 6.5 2.16 4.8 3.92 8.8 1.97 4.4 3.59 8.0

Construction industry

45.26 100.0 31.60 69.8 13.66 30.2 2.14 4.7 1.67 3.7 3.39 7.5 2.37 5.2 4.09 9.0

Manufacturing industry

44.42 100.0 29.40 66.2 15.02 33.8 3.37 7.6 2.41 5.4 4.25 9.6 1.72 3.9 3.28 7.4

Service-providing industries(3)

48.03 100.0 33.35 69.4 14.68 30.6 4.03 8.4 1.84 3.8 3.78 7.9 1.68 3.5 3.35 7.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities industry

42.76 100.0 29.71 69.5 13.05 30.5 3.17 7.4 1.51 3.5 3.44 8.0 1.72 4.0 3.20 7.5

Information industry

75.90 100.0 49.27 64.9 26.63 35.1 7.48 9.9 3.62 4.8 6.90 9.1 3.93 5.2 4.71 6.2

Financial activities industry

59.48 100.0 39.34 66.1 20.14 33.9 5.43 9.1 3.75 6.3 5.11 8.6 2.17 3.7 3.68 6.2

Professional and business services industry

54.70 100.0 38.41 70.2 16.29 29.8 4.63 8.5 2.48 4.5 3.85 7.0 1.58 2.9 3.75 6.9

Education and health services industry

46.69 100.0 32.39 69.4 14.29 30.6 4.30 9.2 1.11 2.4 3.99 8.5 1.67 3.6 3.23 6.9

Leisure and hospitality industry

24.89 100.0 19.20 77.1 5.69 22.9 1.19 4.8 0.50 2.0 1.52 6.1 0.37 1.5 2.11 8.5

Other services industry

42.72 100.0 31.12 72.9 11.60 27.1 3.45 8.1 0.62 1.5 2.64 6.2 1.73 4.1 3.15 7.4

Part-time workers

22.45 100.0 18.03 80.3 4.42 19.7 0.85 3.8 0.41 1.8 0.67 3.0 0.36 1.6 2.12 9.4

Occupational group

Management, professional and related occupations

50.51 100.0 39.01 77.2 11.50 22.8 3.55 7.0 1.25 2.5 1.49 2.9 1.17 2.3 4.04 8.0

Professional and related occupations

51.34 100.0 39.62 77.2 11.72 22.8 3.64 7.1 1.28 2.5 1.50 2.9 1.19 2.3 4.11 8.0

Sales and office occupations

19.32 100.0 15.93 82.5 3.39 17.5 0.53 2.7 0.32 1.7 0.58 3.0 0.21 1.1 1.75 9.1

Sales and related occupations

17.74 100.0 14.89 83.9 2.86 16.1 0.38 2.1 0.29 1.6 0.36 2.0 0.18 1.0 1.65 9.3

Office and administrative support occupations

23.12 100.0 18.45 79.8 4.67 20.2 0.87 3.8 0.39 1.7 1.11 4.8 0.30 1.3 2.00 8.7

Service occupations

16.89 100.0 14.17 83.9 2.72 16.1 0.35 2.1 0.19 1.1 0.29 1.7 0.14 0.8 1.75 10.4

Production, transportation, and material moving occupations

22.94 100.0 17.04 74.3 5.90 25.7 0.88 3.8 0.60 2.6 1.45 6.3 0.63 2.8 2.34 10.2

Transportation and material moving occupations

23.28 100.0 17.17 73.8 6.11 26.2 0.91 3.9 0.58 2.5 1.54 6.6 0.69 3.0 2.38 10.2

Industry group

Service-providing industries(3)

22.36 100.0 17.97 80.4 4.39 19.6 0.85 3.8 0.40 1.8 0.68 3.0 0.35 1.6 2.11 9.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities industry

20.76 100.0 16.25 78.3 4.51 21.7 0.66 3.2 0.43 2.1 0.98 4.7 0.47 2.3 1.97 9.5

Professional and business services industry

28.98 100.0 24.03 82.9 4.95 17.1 0.71 2.4 0.71 2.4 0.54 1.9 0.18 (4)0.6 2.82 9.7

Education and health services industry

34.14 100.0 26.29 77.0 7.84 23.0 2.33 6.8 0.75 2.2 1.12 3.3 0.79 2.3 2.86 8.4

Leisure and hospitality industry

15.26 100.0 13.08 85.7 2.18 14.3 0.20 1.3 0.11 0.7 (4)0.19 (4)1.2 0.06 0.4 1.61 10.6

Footnotes
(1) Includes costs for wages and salaries and benefits.
(2) Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. The agriculture, forestry, farming, and hunting sector is excluded.
(3) Includes utilities; wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.
(4) The relative standard error for this estimate is equal to or greater than 30 percent.


Table 6. Employer Costs for Employee Compensation for private industry workers by establishment size and industry group [June 2023]
Series Total compensation(1) Wages and salaries Total benefits Paid leave Supplemental pay Insurance Retirement and savings Legally required benefits
Cost ($) Percent Cost ($) Percent Cost ($) Percent Cost ($) Percent Cost ($) Percent Cost ($) Percent Cost ($) Percent Cost ($) Percent

All workers

41.03 100.0 28.97 70.6 12.06 29.4 3.05 7.4 1.53 3.7 3.02 7.4 1.39 3.4 3.08 7.5

1-99 workers

34.38 100.0 25.55 74.3 8.83 25.7 2.17 6.3 0.94 2.7 2.13 6.2 0.83 2.4 2.75 8.0

1-49 workers

33.05 100.0 24.84 75.2 8.20 24.8 2.02 6.1 0.85 2.6 1.92 5.8 0.71 2.1 2.69 8.1

50-99 workers

38.98 100.0 28.00 71.8 10.98 28.2 2.69 6.9 1.24 3.2 2.82 7.2 1.26 3.2 2.97 7.6

100 workers or more

49.19 100.0 33.16 67.4 16.03 32.6 4.11 8.4 2.25 4.6 4.11 8.4 2.08 4.2 3.47 7.1

100-499 workers

41.76 100.0 29.01 69.5 12.75 30.5 3.23 7.7 1.59 3.8 3.34 8.0 1.48 3.5 3.10 7.4

500 workers or more

59.47 100.0 38.90 65.4 20.58 34.6 5.33 9.0 3.16 5.3 5.17 8.7 2.91 4.9 3.99 6.7

Goods-producing industries(2)

44.16 100.0 29.90 67.7 14.26 32.3 2.82 6.4 2.12 4.8 3.82 8.7 1.93 4.4 3.57 8.1

1-99 workers

38.31 100.0 27.48 71.7 10.83 28.3 1.94 5.1 1.33 3.5 2.70 7.1 1.43 3.7 3.44 9.0

1-49 workers

36.44 100.0 26.62 73.1 9.82 26.9 1.75 4.8 1.12 3.1 2.30 6.3 1.23 3.4 3.42 9.4

50-99 workers

42.77 100.0 29.51 69.0 13.26 31.0 2.40 5.6 1.82 4.2 3.65 8.5 1.90 4.5 3.49 8.2

100 workers or more

49.38 100.0 32.06 64.9 17.31 35.1 3.60 7.3 2.83 5.7 4.82 9.8 2.37 4.8 3.68 7.5

100-499 workers

45.68 100.0 30.38 66.5 15.29 33.5 3.08 6.7 2.27 5.0 4.31 9.4 2.04 4.5 3.59 7.9

500 workers or more

54.77 100.0 34.51 63.0 20.26 37.0 4.37 8.0 3.66 6.7 5.57 10.2 2.85 5.2 3.82 7.0

Manufacturing industry

43.79 100.0 29.05 66.3 14.74 33.7 3.29 7.5 2.36 5.4 4.14 9.5 1.70 3.9 3.25 7.4

1-99 workers

34.55 100.0 24.65 71.3 9.90 28.7 2.15 6.2 1.21 3.5 2.76 8.0 0.96 2.8 2.82 8.2

1-49 workers

32.00 100.0 23.47 73.3 8.54 26.7 1.91 6.0 0.94 2.9 2.20 6.9 (3)0.79 (3)2.5 2.70 8.4

50-99 workers

38.92 100.0 26.69 68.6 12.23 31.4 2.56 6.6 1.67 4.3 3.72 9.6 1.25 3.2 3.03 7.8

100 workers or more

48.70 100.0 31.39 64.5 17.31 35.5 3.89 8.0 2.97 6.1 4.88 10.0 2.09 4.3 3.48 7.2

100-499 workers

42.93 100.0 28.66 66.8 14.27 33.2 3.30 7.7 2.19 5.1 4.13 9.6 1.43 3.3 3.22 7.5

500 workers or more

55.24 100.0 34.48 62.4 20.76 37.6 4.56 8.3 3.86 7.0 5.72 10.4 2.84 5.1 3.78 6.8

Service-providing industries(4)

40.42 100.0 28.79 71.2 11.63 28.8 3.09 7.6 1.41 3.5 2.86 7.1 1.29 3.2 2.98 7.4

1-99 workers

33.73 100.0 25.23 74.8 8.50 25.2 2.21 6.6 0.88 2.6 2.03 6.0 0.73 2.2 2.64 7.8

1-49 workers

32.54 100.0 24.58 75.5 7.97 24.5 2.06 6.3 0.82 2.5 1.87 5.7 0.63 1.9 2.58 7.9

50-99 workers

38.11 100.0 27.65 72.6 10.46 27.4 2.76 7.2 1.11 2.9 2.63 6.9 1.11 2.9 2.85 7.5

100 workers or more

49.14 100.0 33.42 68.0 15.72 32.0 4.24 8.6 2.11 4.3 3.94 8.0 2.01 4.1 3.42 7.0

100-499 workers

40.79 100.0 28.67 70.3 12.12 29.7 3.27 8.0 1.43 3.5 3.11 7.6 1.34 3.3 2.98 7.3

500 workers or more

60.57 100.0 39.92 65.9 20.65 34.1 5.56 9.2 3.05 5.0 5.08 8.4 2.93 4.8 4.04 6.7

Trade, transportation, and utilities industry

35.08 100.0 25.01 71.3 10.07 28.7 2.29 6.5 1.13 3.2 2.58 7.4 1.28 3.7 2.77 7.9

1-99 workers

31.17 100.0 23.41 75.1 7.76 24.9 1.79 5.7 0.84 2.7 1.86 6.0 0.69 2.2 2.57 8.3

1-49 workers

30.49 100.0 23.21 76.1 7.28 23.9 1.68 5.5 0.81 2.7 1.66 5.4 0.60 2.0 2.54 8.3

50-99 workers

33.41 100.0 24.08 72.1 9.32 27.9 2.15 6.4 0.96 2.9 2.54 7.6 0.99 3.0 2.69 8.0

100 workers or more

39.63 100.0 26.87 67.8 12.76 32.2 2.89 7.3 1.47 3.7 3.42 8.6 1.98 5.0 3.01 7.6

100-499 workers

33.27 100.0 23.22 69.8 10.05 30.2 2.23 6.7 1.22 3.7 2.69 8.1 1.26 3.8 2.65 8.0

500 workers or more

54.85 100.0 35.60 64.9 19.25 35.1 4.45 8.1 2.07 3.8 5.17 9.4 3.70 6.7 3.87 7.1

Wholesale trade industry

47.66 100.0 33.89 71.1 13.77 28.9 3.67 7.7 1.86 3.9 3.25 6.8 1.49 3.1 3.50 7.3

1-99 workers

46.39 100.0 33.57 72.4 12.81 27.6 3.41 7.3 1.68 3.6 3.02 6.5 1.23 2.7 3.48 7.5

1-49 workers

45.74 100.0 33.49 73.2 12.25 26.8 3.25 7.1 1.55 3.4 2.84 6.2 1.17 2.6 3.44 7.5

100 workers or more

49.82 100.0 34.42 69.1 15.40 30.9 4.12 8.3 2.17 4.4 3.64 7.3 1.93 3.9 3.54 7.1

100-499 workers

50.07 100.0 34.81 69.5 15.25 30.5 4.10 8.2 2.13 4.3 3.63 7.2 1.85 3.7 3.54 7.1

Retail trade industry

24.67 100.0 18.90 76.6 5.78 23.4 1.25 5.1 0.66 2.7 1.38 5.6 0.44 1.8 2.04 8.3

1-99 workers

23.79 100.0 18.84 79.2 4.96 20.8 1.07 4.5 0.47 2.0 1.08 4.5 0.32 1.3 2.02 8.5

1-49 workers

23.27 100.0 18.64 80.1 4.63 19.9 0.99 4.3 0.47 2.0 0.94 4.0 0.24 1.0 1.99 8.5

50-99 workers

25.57 100.0 19.51 76.3 6.07 23.7 1.35 5.3 0.49 1.9 1.55 6.1 0.57 2.2 2.11 8.2

100 workers or more

25.98 100.0 18.98 73.1 6.99 26.9 1.52 5.8 0.93 3.6 1.83 7.0 0.63 2.4 2.09 8.0

100-499 workers

25.44 100.0 18.61 73.1 6.83 26.9 1.45 5.7 0.90 3.6 1.81 7.1 0.60 2.4 2.06 8.1

Transportation and warehousing industry

45.08 100.0 29.84 66.2 15.25 33.8 3.17 7.0 1.49 3.3 4.42 9.8 2.53 5.6 3.64 8.1

1-99 workers

32.99 100.0 23.85 72.3 9.14 27.7 1.69 5.1 0.83 2.5 2.72 8.3 0.72 2.2 3.17 9.6

1-49 workers

31.63 100.0 23.36 73.9 8.26 26.1 1.52 4.8 0.75 2.4 2.26 7.1 0.60 1.9 3.13 9.9

100 workers or more

51.00 100.0 32.76 64.2 18.24 35.8 3.89 7.6 1.82 3.6 5.25 10.3 3.41 6.7 3.87 7.6

100-499 workers

39.46 100.0 25.48 64.6 13.98 35.4 2.65 6.7 1.33 3.4 4.23 10.7 2.28 5.8 3.49 8.8

Information industry

70.30 100.0 45.96 65.4 24.34 34.6 6.93 9.9 3.27 4.7 6.20 8.8 3.53 5.0 4.42 6.3

1-99 workers

52.82 100.0 35.54 67.3 17.28 32.7 4.53 8.6 1.89 3.6 4.65 8.8 (3)2.62 (3)5.0 3.60 6.8

100 workers or more

85.35 100.0 54.93 64.4 30.42 35.6 8.99 10.5 4.46 5.2 7.54 8.8 4.31 5.0 5.12 6.0

100-499 workers

67.13 100.0 44.50 66.3 22.63 33.7 6.40 9.5 2.37 3.5 6.53 9.7 3.13 4.7 4.21 6.3

500 workers or more

99.26 100.0 62.89 63.4 36.37 36.6 10.97 11.1 6.07 6.1 8.31 8.4 5.21 5.2 5.82 5.9

Financial activities industry

57.58 100.0 38.27 66.5 19.31 33.5 5.18 9.0 3.57 6.2 4.89 8.5 2.07 3.6 3.60 6.2

1-99 workers

47.27 100.0 32.74 69.3 14.53 30.7 3.97 8.4 2.21 4.7 3.92 8.3 1.33 2.8 3.10 6.6

1-49 workers

44.98 100.0 31.23 69.4 13.75 30.6 3.69 8.2 2.14 4.8 3.70 8.2 1.22 2.7 2.99 6.7

100 workers or more

71.30 100.0 45.63 64.0 25.67 36.0 6.80 9.5 5.37 7.5 6.17 8.7 3.07 4.3 4.25 6.0

100-499 workers

66.38 100.0 43.46 65.5 22.92 34.5 6.10 9.2 4.38 6.6 5.79 8.7 2.62 4.0 4.02 6.1

500 workers or more

75.13 100.0 47.32 63.0 27.81 37.0 7.35 9.8 6.15 8.2 6.47 8.6 3.41 4.5 4.44 5.9

Professional and business services industry

51.20 100.0 36.45 71.2 14.74 28.8 4.10 8.0 2.24 4.4 3.40 6.6 1.39 2.7 3.62 7.1

1-99 workers

48.95 100.0 35.93 73.4 13.02 26.6 3.67 7.5 1.72 3.5 3.04 6.2 1.04 2.1 3.56 7.3

1-49 workers

45.05 100.0 33.40 74.2 11.64 25.8 3.20 7.1 1.51 3.3 2.72 6.0 0.84 1.9 3.38 7.5

50-99 workers

60.37 100.0 43.31 71.8 17.05 28.2 5.03 8.3 2.34 3.9 3.96 6.6 1.62 2.7 4.11 6.8

100 workers or more

53.34 100.0 36.95 69.3 16.38 30.7 4.50 8.4 2.73 5.1 3.75 7.0 1.72 3.2 3.68 6.9

100-499 workers

47.41 100.0 33.54 70.7 13.87 29.3 3.98 8.4 1.78 3.8 3.53 7.4 1.27 2.7 3.31 7.0

500 workers or more

61.07 100.0 41.41 67.8 19.67 32.2 5.19 8.5 3.97 6.5 4.03 6.6 2.31 3.8 4.16 6.8

Education and health services industry

43.57 100.0 30.88 70.9 12.69 29.1 3.81 8.7 1.02 2.3 3.28 7.5 1.45 3.3 3.14 7.2

1-99 workers

34.42 100.0 25.93 75.3 8.49 24.7 2.59 7.5 0.40 1.2 2.14 6.2 0.70 2.0 2.66 7.7

1-49 workers

34.19 100.0 25.99 76.0 8.20 24.0 2.52 7.4 0.38 1.1 2.00 5.8 0.65 1.9 2.64 7.7

50-99 workers

35.34 100.0 25.70 72.7 9.64 27.3 2.84 8.0 0.49 1.4 2.69 7.6 0.91 2.6 2.71 7.7

100 workers or more

51.78 100.0 35.32 68.2 16.47 31.8 4.90 9.5 1.58 3.1 4.30 8.3 2.12 4.1 3.57 6.9

100-499 workers

42.62 100.0 30.39 71.3 12.23 28.7 3.82 9.0 0.99 2.3 3.05 7.1 1.32 3.1 3.06 7.2

500 workers or more

59.74 100.0 39.60 66.3 20.14 33.7 5.84 9.8 2.09 3.5 5.39 9.0 2.82 4.7 4.01 6.7

Educational services industry

52.59 100.0 38.04 72.3 14.55 27.7 4.22 8.0 0.38 0.7 3.88 7.4 2.46 4.7 3.60 6.9

1-99 workers

39.20 100.0 30.40 77.5 8.81 22.5 2.31 5.9 0.15 0.4 2.12 5.4 1.23 3.1 3.01 7.7

100 workers or more

63.85 100.0 44.47 69.6 19.38 30.4 5.82 9.1 0.58 0.9 5.37 8.4 3.50 5.5 4.10 6.4

100-499 workers

50.88 100.0 37.10 72.9 13.78 27.1 3.96 7.8 (3)0.34 (3)0.7 3.98 7.8 1.93 3.8 3.56 7.0

500 workers or more

73.39 100.0 49.89 68.0 23.50 32.0 7.19 9.8 0.77 1.0 6.39 8.7 4.65 6.3 4.50 6.1

Health care and social assistance industry

42.33 100.0 29.90 70.6 12.44 29.4 3.75 8.9 1.11 2.6 3.19 7.5 1.31 3.1 3.07 7.3

1-99 workers

33.79 100.0 25.35 75.0 8.45 25.0 2.62 7.8 0.44 1.3 2.14 6.3 0.63 1.9 2.61 7.7

1-49 workers

34.08 100.0 25.75 75.5 8.33 24.5 2.62 7.7 0.41 1.2 2.06 6.1 0.62 1.8 2.62 7.7

50-99 workers

32.54 100.0 23.60 72.5 8.94 27.5 2.65 8.1 0.56 1.7 2.49 7.6 0.68 2.1 2.56 7.9

100 workers or more

50.07 100.0 34.02 67.9 16.05 32.1 4.77 9.5 1.72 3.4 4.15 8.3 1.92 3.8 3.49 7.0

100-499 workers

41.56 100.0 29.53 71.0 12.04 29.0 3.81 9.2 1.07 2.6 2.93 7.0 1.24 3.0 2.99 7.2

500 workers or more

57.63 100.0 38.01 66.0 19.62 34.0 5.63 9.8 2.30 4.0 5.23 9.1 2.53 4.4 3.93 6.8

Leisure and hospitality industry

18.81 100.0 15.33 81.5 3.47 18.5 0.57 3.0 0.25 1.3 0.68 3.6 0.18 0.9 1.80 9.5

1-99 workers

17.50 100.0 14.57 83.2 2.93 16.8 0.38 2.2 0.22 1.2 0.53 3.0 0.09 0.5 1.71 9.8

1-49 workers

17.17 100.0 14.36 83.6 2.81 16.4 0.36 2.1 0.20 1.1 0.49 2.8 0.06 0.3 1.71 10.0

50-99 workers

18.69 100.0 15.32 82.0 3.37 18.0 0.46 2.4 0.29 1.6 0.69 3.7 0.21 1.1 1.72 9.2

100 workers or more

24.13 100.0 18.47 76.5 5.67 23.5 1.33 5.5 0.41 1.7 1.28 5.3 0.52 2.2 2.13 8.8

100-499 workers

23.52 100.0 18.36 78.1 5.16 21.9 1.21 5.2 0.42 1.8 1.03 4.4 0.35 1.5 2.15 9.1

500 workers or more

25.62 100.0 18.73 73.1 6.89 26.9 1.60 6.2 0.36 1.4 1.90 7.4 0.94 3.7 2.09 8.2

Footnotes
(1) Includes costs for wages and salaries and benefits.
(2) Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. The agriculture, forestry, farming, and hunting sector is excluded.
(3) The relative standard error for this estimate is equal to or greater than 30 percent.
(4) Includes utilities; wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.


Table 7. Employer Costs for Employee Compensation for private industry workers by census region and division [June 2023]
Area(1) Total compensation(2) Wages and salaries Total benefits Paid leave Supplemental pay Insurance Retirement and savings Legally required benefits
Cost ($) Percent Cost ($) Percent Cost ($) Percent Cost ($) Percent Cost ($) Percent Cost ($) Percent Cost ($) Percent Cost ($) Percent

Northeast

47.54 100.0 32.96 69.3 14.58 30.7 3.71 7.8 1.82 3.8 3.66 7.7 1.84 3.9 3.56 7.5

New England

47.14 100.0 32.39 68.7 14.75 31.3 3.78 8.0 2.30 4.9 3.65 7.8 1.60 3.4 3.41 7.2

Middle Atlantic

47.68 100.0 33.15 69.5 14.53 30.5 3.69 7.7 1.65 3.5 3.66 7.7 1.92 4.0 3.61 7.6

South

36.11 100.0 26.18 72.5 9.93 27.5 2.61 7.2 1.24 3.4 2.39 6.6 1.03 2.9 2.66 7.4

South Atlantic

37.36 100.0 27.03 72.3 10.33 27.7 2.78 7.4 1.19 3.2 2.48 6.6 1.09 2.9 2.78 7.5

East South Central

32.29 100.0 23.34 72.3 8.94 27.7 2.23 6.9 1.13 3.5 2.38 7.4 0.83 2.6 2.37 7.3

West South Central

35.77 100.0 26.05 72.8 9.72 27.2 2.50 7.0 1.38 3.9 2.23 6.2 1.03 2.9 2.58 7.2

Midwest

39.76 100.0 27.43 69.0 12.32 31.0 2.89 7.3 1.76 4.4 3.27 8.2 1.50 3.8 2.90 7.3

East North Central

41.76 100.0 28.79 69.0 12.96 31.0 3.08 7.4 1.85 4.4 3.34 8.0 1.69 4.0 3.00 7.2

West North Central

35.60 100.0 24.61 69.1 10.99 30.9 2.49 7.0 1.56 4.4 3.14 8.8 1.11 3.1 2.69 7.6

West

44.51 100.0 31.52 70.8 12.99 29.2 3.32 7.5 1.51 3.4 3.19 7.2 1.47 3.3 3.50 7.9

Mountain

37.29 100.0 26.58 71.3 10.71 28.7 2.55 6.8 1.33 3.6 2.83 7.6 1.14 3.1 2.85 7.6

Pacific

47.77 100.0 33.75 70.7 14.02 29.3 3.67 7.7 1.59 3.3 3.36 7.0 1.62 3.4 3.79 7.9

Footnotes
(1) The census divisions are defined as follows: New England: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island and Vermont; Middle Atlantic: New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania; South Atlantic: Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia; East South Central: Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, and Tennessee; West South Central: Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas; East North Central: Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin; West North Central: Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota; Mountain: Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming; and Pacific: Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington.
(2) Includes costs for wages and salaries and benefits.


Last Modified Date: September 12, 2023