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For release 10:00 a.m. (EDT) Thursday, March 24, 2011 USDL-11-0396 Technical information: (202) 691-6378 * cpsinfo@bls.gov * www.bls.gov/cps Media contact: (202) 691-5902 * PressOffice@bls.gov EMPLOYMENT CHARACTERISTICS OF FAMILIES--2010 In 2010, 12.4 percent of families included an unemployed person, up from 12.0 percent in 2009, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. The proportion of families with an unemployed member in 2010 was at its highest level since the data series began in 1994. Of the nation's 78.2 million families, 80.0 percent had at least one employed member in 2010, down from 80.4 percent in 2009. These data on employment, unemployment, and family relationships are collected as part of the Current Population Survey (CPS), a monthly sample survey of approximately 60,000 households. Families are classified either as married-couple families or as families maintained by women or men without spouses. For further information about the CPS, see the Technical Note. Families and Unemployment The number of families with at least one unemployed member edged up to 9.7 million in 2010. The proportion of families with an unemployed member was 12.4 percent in 2010, up from 12.0 percent in 2009 and nearly double the 6.3 percent in 2007. (The most recent recession began in December 2007 and ended in June 2009 according to the National Bureau of Economic Research.) In 2010, black and Hispanic families remained more likely to have an unemployed member (19.2 and 17.4 percent, respectively) than white and Asian families (11.3 percent each). (See table 1.) Most families with an unemployed member also have at least one family member who is employed. Among families with an unemployed member in 2010, 67.7 percent also had an employed member, down from 68.6 percent in 2009 and 71.2 percent in 2007. (See table 1.) Among married-couple families with an unemployed member in 2010, 79.4 percent contained at least one employed member. Among families maintained by men (no spouse present) with an unemployed member, 53.3 percent had an employed member in 2010; for families maintained by women (no spouse present), the proportion was 44.7 percent. These proportions were little changed from 2009 for the three family types. (See table 3.) Families and Employment The share of families with an employed member fell from 80.4 percent in 2009 to 80.0 percent in 2010. In 2007, 82.6 percent of families had an employed member. The likelihood of having an employed family member declined from 2009 to 2010 for white and Asian families to 80.3 and 87.3 percent, respectively, and edged lower for black families to 74.8 percent. There was little change in the likelihood of employment among Hispanic families (84.2 percent). (See table 1.) In 2010, families maintained by women with no spouse present remained less likely to have an employed member (71.9 percent) than married-couple families (82.1 percent) or families maintained by men with no spouse present (79.3 percent). For all three family types, the likelihood of having an employed member has fallen since 2007. (See table 2.) Both the husband and wife were employed in 47.8 percent of married-couple families in 2010, compared with 48.5 percent in 2009. The husband was the only worker in 19.7 percent of married-couple families in 2010, and the wife was the only worker in 8.6 percent. Both measures were little changed over the year. (See table 2.) Families with Children Forty-four percent of all families included children (sons, daughters, stepchildren, and adopted children) under age 18. Among the 34.5 million families with children, 87.4 percent had an employed parent in 2010, down from 87.8 percent in 2009. The 2010 proportion is the lowest since the data series began in 1994. The mother was employed in 67.0 percent of families maintained by women with no spouse present in 2010, down from 67.8 percent in 2009. The father was employed in 75.8 percent of families maintained by men with no spouse present in 2010, little changed over the year. Among married-couple families with children, 95.7 percent had an employed parent in 2010, unchanged from the prior year. The share of married-couple families where both parents worked fell to 58.1 percent in 2010 from 58.9 percent in 2009. (See table 4.) Mothers The labor force participation rate--the percent of the population working or looking for work--for all mothers with children under 18 was 70.8 percent in 2010, down from 71.4 percent in 2009. In 2010, the participation rate for married mothers with a spouse present (68.9 percent) remained lower than the rate for mothers with other marital statuses (75.0 percent). Married mothers were about as likely to be employed as mothers with other marital statuses in 2010, but their unemployment rate was substantially lower--6.3 percent, compared with 14.6 percent for mothers with other marital statuses. Unemployment rates increased from 2009 to 2010 for mothers of all marital statuses. (See table 5.) Mothers with younger children are less likely to be in the labor force than mothers with older children. In 2010, the labor force participation rate of mothers with children under 6 years old (63.9 percent) was lower than the rate of those whose youngest child was 6 to 17 years old (76.5 percent). The participation rate of mothers with infants under a year old was 56.5 percent. Among mothers with infants, there was little difference in the participation rate of married mothers (56.3 percent) and those with other marital statuses (57.0 percent). However, the unemployment rate for married mothers of infants, at 7.1 percent, was significantly lower than the rate for mothers with other marital statuses (22.5 percent). (See tables 5 and 6.)
Technical Note The estimates in this release are based on annual average data from the Current Population Survey (CPS), a national sample survey of about 60,000 households conducted monthly for the Bureau of Labor Statistics by the U.S. Census Bureau. The information relates to the labor force status of persons 16 years old and over in the civilian noninstitutional population during an "average" week of the year. The data for 2010 presented in this release are not strictly comparable with data for 2009 and earlier years because of the introduction in January 2010 of revised population controls used in the CPS. The effect of the revised popula- tion controls on the family estimates is unknown. However, the effect of the new controls on the monthly CPS estimates was to decrease the December 2009 em- ployment level by 243,000 and the unemployment level by 5,000. The updated controls had little or no effect on unemployment rates and other ratios. Addi- tional information is available on the BLS Web site at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#pop. Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request: Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339. Reliability of the estimates Statistics based on the CPS are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample, rather than the entire population, is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the "true" population values they represent. The exact difference, or sampling error, varies de- pending on the particular sample selected, and this variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard errors from the "true" population value because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence. The CPS data also are affected by nonsampling error. Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the population, inability to obtain information for all respondents in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information, and errors made in the collection or processing of the data. A full discussion of the reliability of data from the CPS and information on estimating standard errors is available on the BLS Web site at wwww.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#reliability. Definitions Definitions of the principal terms used in this release are presented below. Family. A family is a group of two or more persons residing together who are related by birth, marriage, or adoption. The count of families is for "primary" families only, that is, the householder and all other persons re- lated to and residing with the householder. Families are classified either as married-couple families or as families maintained by women or men without spouses. Householder. The householder is the family reference person. This is the person (or one of the persons) in whose name the housing unit is owned or rented. The relationship of other individuals in the household is defined in terms of relationship to the householder. The race or ethnicity of the family is determined by that of the householder. Married, spouse present; other marital status. These terms denote the marital status of individuals at the time of interview. Married, spouse present, refers to husbands and wives living together in the same house- hold, even though one may be temporarily absent on business, on vacation, on a visit, in a hospital, or for other reasons. Other marital status includes persons who are never-married; married, spouse absent; separated; widowed; or divorced. Separated includes persons with legal separations, those living apart with intentions of obtaining a divorce, and other people living apart because either the husband or wife was employed and living at a considerable distance from home, was serving away from home in the Armed Forces, had moved to another area, or had a different place of residence for any other reason except separation as defined above. Children. Data on children refer to own children and include sons, daughters, step-children, and adopted children, of the husband, wife, or person maintaining the family. Not included are nieces, nephews, grand- children, other related children, and all unrelated children living in the household. Employed. Employed persons are (a) all those who, during the survey reference week, did any work at all as paid employees, worked in their own business, profession, or on their own farm, or who worked 15 hours or more as unpaid workers in a family-operated enterprise; and (b) all those who did not work but had jobs or businesses from which they were temporarily absent due to illness, bad weather, vacation, child-care problems, labor disputes, or personal reasons, whether or not they were paid for the time off and whether or not they were seeking other jobs. Unemployed. The unemployed are persons who had no employment during the reference week, were available for work at that time, and had made specific efforts to find employment sometime during the 4-week period ending with the reference week. Persons who were waiting to be recalled to a job from which they had been laid off need not be looking for work to be classified as unemployed. Civilian labor force. The civilian labor force comprises all persons classified as employed or unemployed. Unemployment rate. The unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent of the civilian labor force. Labor force participation rate. The labor force participation rate is the labor force as a percent of the population.
Table 1. Employment and unemployment in families by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 2009-10 annual averages (Numbers in thousands) Characteristic 2009 2010 TOTAL Total families...................................................... 78,361 78,246 With employed member(s) .......................................... 63,010 62,560 As percent of total families................................ 80.4 80.0 Some usually work full time (1) ......................... 57,037 56,471 With no employed member .......................................... 15,351 15,686 As percent of total families................................ 19.6 20.0 With unemployed member(s) ........................................ 9,381 9,695 As percent of total families................................ 12.0 12.4 Some member(s) employed ........................................ 6,438 6,566 As percent of families with unemployed member(s) ........ 68.6 67.7 Some usually work full time (1) .............................. 5,460 5,572 As percent of families with unemployed member(s) ..... 58.2 57.5 White Total families...................................................... 63,774 63,551 With employed member(s) .......................................... 51,494 51,048 As percent of total families................................ 80.7 80.3 Some usually work full time (1) ......................... 46,629 46,150 With no employed member .......................................... 12,280 12,502 As percent of total families................................ 19.3 19.7 With unemployed member(s) ........................................ 7,089 7,202 As percent of total families................................ 11.1 11.3 Some member(s) employed ........................................ 5,072 5,069 As percent of families with unemployed member(s) ........ 71.5 70.4 Some usually work full time (1) .............................. 4,294 4,289 As percent of families with unemployed member(s) ..... 60.6 59.6 Black or African American Total families...................................................... 9,318 9,404 With employed member(s) .......................................... 7,022 7,030 As percent of total families................................ 75.4 74.8 Some usually work full time (1) ......................... 6,265 6,222 With no employed member .......................................... 2,296 2,374 As percent of total families................................ 24.6 25.2 With unemployed member(s) ........................................ 1,624 1,807 As percent of total families................................ 17.4 19.2 Some member(s) employed ........................................ 886 1,009 As percent of families with unemployed member(s) ........ 54.5 55.8 Some usually work full time (1) .............................. 748 862 As percent of families with unemployed member(s) ..... 46.0 47.7 Asian Total families...................................................... 3,471 3,531 With employed member(s) .......................................... 3,057 3,081 As percent of total families................................ 88.1 87.3 Some usually work full time (1) ......................... 2,857 2,863 With no employed member .......................................... 414 450 As percent of total families................................ 11.9 12.7 With unemployed member(s) ........................................ 394 400 As percent of total families................................ 11.4 11.3 Some member(s) employed ........................................ 306 308 As percent of families with unemployed member(s) ........ 77.8 76.8 Some usually work full time (1) .............................. 272 267 As percent of families with unemployed member(s) ..... 69.0 66.7 Hispanic or Latino ethnicity Total families...................................................... 10,489 10,561 With employed member(s)........................................... 8,852 8,897 As percent of total families................................ 84.4 84.2 Some usually work full time (1) ......................... 7,923 7,934 With no employed member .......................................... 1,637 1,664 As percent of total families................................ 15.6 15.8 With unemployed member(s) ........................................ 1,770 1,841 As percent of total families................................ 16.9 17.4 Some member(s) employed ........................................ 1,228 1,262 As percent of families with unemployed member(s) ........ 69.3 68.6 Some usually work full time (1) .............................. 1,021 1,060 As percent of families with unemployed member(s) ..... 57.7 57.6 1 Usually work 35 hours or more a week at all jobs. NOTE: The race or ethnicity of the family is determined by that of the householder. Estimates for the above race groups (white, black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
Table 2. Families by presence and relationship of employed members and family type, 2009-10 annual averages (Numbers in thousands) Number Percent distribution Characteristic 2009 2010 2009 2010 MARRIED-COUPLE FAMILIES Total...................................... 58,124 57,524 100.0 100.0 Member(s) employed, total........................ 47,876 47,238 82.4 82.1 Husband only................................. 11,371 11,311 19.6 19.7 Wife only.................................... 4,909 4,937 8.4 8.6 Husband and wife............................. 28,211 27,501 48.5 47.8 Other employment combinations................ 3,384 3,489 5.8 6.1 No member(s) employed............................ 10,248 10,286 17.6 17.9 FAMILIES MAINTAINED BY WOMEN (1) Total...................................... 14,610 14,913 100.0 100.0 Member(s) employed, total........................ 10,642 10,715 72.8 71.9 Householder only............................. 6,135 6,189 42.0 41.5 Householder and other member(s).............. 2,642 2,603 18.1 17.5 Other member(s), not householder............. 1,866 1,923 12.8 12.9 No member(s) employed............................ 3,968 4,198 27.2 28.1 FAMILIES MAINTAINED BY MEN (1) Total...................................... 5,627 5,809 100.0 100.0 Member(s) employed, total........................ 4,492 4,607 79.8 79.3 Householder only............................. 2,104 2,215 37.4 38.1 Householder and other member(s).............. 1,557 1,525 27.7 26.2 Other member(s), not householder............. 831 867 14.8 14.9 No member(s) employed............................ 1,135 1,202 20.2 20.7 1 No spouse present. NOTE: Detail may not sum to totals due to rounding. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
Table 3. Unemployment in families by presence and relationship of employed members and family type, 2009-10 annual averages (Numbers in thousands) Number Percent distribution Characteristic 2009 2010 2009 2010 MARRIED-COUPLE FAMILIES With unemployed member(s), total................ 6,056 6,147 100.0 100.0 No member employed............................ 1,218 1,263 20.1 20.6 Some member(s) employed....................... 4,838 4,884 79.9 79.4 Husband unemployed............................ 2,808 2,813 46.4 45.8 Wife employed................................ 1,799 1,783 29.7 29.0 Wife unemployed............................... 1,630 1,697 26.9 27.6 Husband employed............................. 1,397 1,455 23.1 23.7 Other family member unemployed................ 1,618 1,637 26.7 26.6 FAMILIES MAINTAINED BY WOMEN (1) With unemployed member(s), total................ 2,309 2,446 100.0 100.0 No member employed............................ 1,244 1,351 53.9 55.3 Some member(s) employed....................... 1,065 1,094 46.1 44.7 Householder unemployed........................ 1,141 1,227 49.4 50.2 Other member(s) employed..................... 225 254 9.7 10.4 Other member(s) unemployed.................... 1,168 1,218 50.6 49.8 FAMILIES MAINTAINED BY MEN (1) With unemployed member(s), total................ 1,016 1,102 100.0 100.0 No member employed............................ 482 515 47.4 46.7 Some member(s) employed....................... 535 587 52.6 53.3 Householder unemployed........................ 626 680 61.6 61.7 Other member(s) employed..................... 239 259 23.5 23.5 Other member(s) unemployed.................... 391 422 38.4 38.3 1 No spouse present. NOTE: Detail may not sum to totals due to rounding. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
Table 4. Families with own children: Employment status of parents by age of youngest child and family type, 2009-10 annual averages (Numbers in thousands) Number Percent distribution Characteristic 2009 2010 2009 2010 WITH OWN CHILDREN UNDER 18 YEARS Total............................................. 34,762 34,513 100.0 100.0 Parent(s) employed................................... 30,521 30,153 87.8 87.4 No parent employed................................... 4,241 4,359 12.2 12.6 Married-couple families.............................. 24,223 23,804 100.0 100.0 Parent(s) employed................................ 23,179 22,776 95.7 95.7 Mother employed.................................. 16,055 15,577 66.3 65.4 Both parents employed........................... 14,269 13,822 58.9 58.1 Mother employed, not father..................... 1,786 1,755 7.4 7.4 Father employed, not mother...................... 7,124 7,199 29.4 30.2 Neither parent employed........................... 1,044 1,028 4.3 4.3 Families maintained by women (1) .................... 8,308 8,401 100.0 100.0 Mother employed................................... 5,632 5,627 67.8 67.0 Mother not employed............................... 2,677 2,774 32.2 33.0 Families maintained by men (1) ...................... 2,231 2,308 100.0 100.0 Father employed................................... 1,710 1,750 76.6 75.8 Father not employed............................... 521 557 23.4 24.2 WITH OWN CHILDREN 6 TO 17 YEARS, NONE YOUNGER Total............................................. 19,699 19,480 100.0 100.0 Parent(s) employed................................... 17,465 17,224 88.7 88.4 No parent employed................................... 2,234 2,257 11.3 11.6 Married-couple families.............................. 13,449 13,203 100.0 100.0 Parent(s) employed................................ 12,867 12,650 95.7 95.8 Mother employed.................................. 9,691 9,333 72.1 70.7 Both parents employed........................... 8,582 8,256 63.8 62.5 Mother employed, not father..................... 1,109 1,076 8.2 8.2 Father employed, not mother...................... 3,176 3,318 23.6 25.1 Neither parent employed........................... 582 553 4.3 4.2 Families maintained by women (1) .................... 4,928 4,987 100.0 100.0 Mother employed................................... 3,578 3,594 72.6 72.1 Mother not employed............................... 1,350 1,393 27.4 27.9 Families maintained by men (1) ...................... 1,321 1,290 100.0 100.0 Father employed................................... 1,019 979 77.1 75.9 Father not employed............................... 302 311 22.9 24.1 WITH OWN CHILDREN UNDER 6 YEARS Total............................................. 15,063 15,032 100.0 100.0 Parent(s) employed................................... 13,056 12,930 86.7 86.0 No parent employed................................... 2,007 2,103 13.3 14.0 Married-couple families.............................. 10,774 10,601 100.0 100.0 Parent(s) employed................................ 10,312 10,125 95.7 95.5 Mother employed.................................. 6,364 6,244 59.1 58.9 Both parents employed........................... 5,688 5,566 52.8 52.5 Mother employed, not father..................... 676 678 6.3 6.4 Father employed, not mother...................... 3,948 3,881 36.6 36.6 Neither parent employed........................... 462 475 4.3 4.5 Families maintained by women (1) .................... 3,380 3,414 100.0 100.0 Mother employed................................... 2,053 2,033 60.8 59.6 Mother not employed............................... 1,327 1,381 39.2 40.4 Families maintained by men (1) ...................... 910 1,018 100.0 100.0 Father employed................................... 691 771 75.9 75.8 Father not employed............................... 219 247 24.1 24.2 1 No spouse present. NOTE: Own children include sons, daughters, step-children, and adopted children. Not included are nieces, nephews, grandchildren, and other related and unrelated children. Detail may not sum to totals due to rounding. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
Table 5. Employment status of the population by sex, marital status, and presence and age of own children under 18, 2009-10 annual averages (Numbers in thousands) 2009 2010 Characteristic Total Men Women Total Men Women WITH OWN CHILDREN UNDER 18 YEARS Civilian noninstitutional population................. 64,854 28,778 36,076 64,488 28,463 36,025 Civilian labor force................................ 52,748 26,985 25,763 52,159 26,661 25,499 Participation rate................................ 81.3 93.8 71.4 80.9 93.7 70.8 Employed........................................... 48,621 24,989 23,632 47,863 24,653 23,210 Employment-population ratio....................... 75.0 86.8 65.5 74.2 86.6 64.4 Full-time workers (1) ......................... 41,003 23,583 17,419 40,282 23,176 17,106 Part-time workers (2) ......................... 7,618 1,406 6,212 7,581 1,477 6,104 Unemployed......................................... 4,128 1,996 2,132 4,296 2,008 2,289 Unemployment rate................................. 7.8 7.4 8.3 8.2 7.5 9.0 Married, spouse present Civilian noninstitutional population................. 51,634 26,249 25,385 50,868 25,820 25,049 Civilian labor force................................ 42,424 24,763 17,661 41,600 24,332 17,268 Participation rate................................ 82.2 94.3 69.6 81.8 94.2 68.9 Employed........................................... 39,732 23,100 16,632 38,870 22,689 16,181 Employment-population ratio....................... 76.9 88.0 65.5 76.4 87.9 64.6 Full-time workers (1) ......................... 33,846 21,871 11,975 33,142 21,444 11,698 Part-time workers (2) ......................... 5,886 1,229 4,657 5,728 1,245 4,482 Unemployed......................................... 2,692 1,663 1,029 2,730 1,643 1,087 Unemployment rate................................. 6.3 6.7 5.8 6.6 6.8 6.3 Other marital status (3) Civilian noninstitutional population................. 13,221 2,529 10,691 13,620 2,643 10,977 Civilian labor force................................ 10,325 2,223 8,102 10,559 2,329 8,230 Participation rate................................ 78.1 87.9 75.8 77.5 88.1 75.0 Employed........................................... 8,889 1,889 7,000 8,994 1,964 7,029 Employment-population ratio....................... 67.2 74.7 65.5 66.0 74.3 64.0 Full-time workers (1) ......................... 7,157 1,712 5,445 7,140 1,732 5,408 Part-time workers (2) ......................... 1,732 177 1,555 1,853 232 1,621 Unemployed......................................... 1,436 334 1,103 1,566 365 1,201 Unemployment rate................................. 13.9 15.0 13.6 14.8 15.7 14.6 WITH OWN CHILDREN 6 TO 17 YEARS, NONE YOUNGER Civilian noninstitutional population................. 35,885 15,982 19,903 35,402 15,639 19,763 Civilian labor force................................ 30,200 14,821 15,379 29,625 14,515 15,110 Participation rate................................ 84.2 92.7 77.3 83.7 92.8 76.5 Employed........................................... 28,059 13,775 14,284 27,421 13,482 13,939 Employment-population ratio....................... 78.2 86.2 71.8 77.5 86.2 70.5 Full-time workers (1) ......................... 23,864 13,067 10,798 23,239 12,725 10,514 Part-time workers (2) ......................... 4,194 708 3,486 4,182 757 3,425 Unemployed......................................... 2,141 1,046 1,095 2,204 1,032 1,172 Unemployment rate................................. 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.4 7.1 7.8 WITH OWN CHILDREN UNDER 6 YEARS Civilian noninstitutional population................. 28,969 12,796 16,173 29,086 12,824 16,262 Civilian labor force................................ 22,549 12,164 10,384 22,534 12,146 10,388 Participation rate................................ 77.8 95.1 64.2 77.5 94.7 63.9 Employed........................................... 20,562 11,214 9,348 20,442 11,171 9,271 Employment-population ratio....................... 71.0 87.6 57.8 70.3 87.1 57.0 Full-time workers (1) ......................... 17,138 10,517 6,622 17,043 10,451 6,592 Part-time workers (2) ......................... 3,424 697 2,726 3,399 720 2,679 Unemployed......................................... 1,987 950 1,036 2,092 975 1,117 Unemployment rate................................. 8.8 7.8 10.0 9.3 8.0 10.8 WITH NO OWN CHILDREN UNDER 18 YEARS Civilian noninstitutional population................. 170,947 85,358 85,589 173,342 86,711 86,631 Civilian labor force................................ 101,394 55,138 46,256 101,729 55,324 46,405 Participation rate................................ 59.3 64.6 54.0 58.7 63.8 53.6 Employed........................................... 91,257 48,681 42,576 91,201 48,706 42,495 Employment-population ratio....................... 53.4 57.0 49.7 52.6 56.2 49.1 Full-time workers (1) ......................... 71,631 40,368 31,263 71,432 40,325 31,108 Part-time workers (2) ......................... 19,626 8,313 11,313 19,769 8,381 11,387 Unemployed......................................... 10,137 6,457 3,680 10,528 6,618 3,910 Unemployment rate................................. 10.0 11.7 8.0 10.3 12.0 8.4 1 Usually work 35 hours or more a week at all jobs. 2 Usually work less than 35 hours a week at all jobs. 3 Includes never married; married, spouse absent; divorced; separated; and widowed persons. NOTE: Own children include sons, daughters, step-children, and adopted children. Not included are nieces, nephews, grandchildren, and other related and unrelated children. Detail may not sum to totals due to rounding. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
Table 6. Employment status of mothers with own children under 3 years old by single year of age of youngest child and marital status, 2009-10 annual averages (Numbers in thousands) Civilian labor force Civilian noninsti- Employed Unemployed Characteristic tutional Percent popula- of tion Total popula- Percent Full- Part- Percent tion Total of time time Number of labor popula- work- work- force tion ers (1) ers (2) 2009 TOTAL MOTHERS With own children under 3 years old... 9,476 5,787 61.1 5,191 54.8 3,626 1,565 595 10.3 2 years........................... 2,848 1,855 65.1 1,693 59.4 1,195 498 162 8.7 1 year............................ 3,398 2,104 61.9 1,880 55.3 1,314 566 224 10.6 Under 1 year...................... 3,231 1,828 56.6 1,619 50.1 1,117 502 209 11.4 Married, spouse present With own children under 3 years old... 6,784 4,047 59.7 3,780 55.7 2,657 1,123 267 6.6 2 years........................... 2,053 1,288 62.7 1,208 58.8 858 350 80 6.2 1 year............................ 2,425 1,465 60.4 1,369 56.4 963 406 96 6.6 Under 1 year...................... 2,306 1,293 56.1 1,204 52.2 836 368 90 7.0 Other marital status (3) With own children under 3 years old... 2,693 1,740 64.6 1,411 52.4 969 442 328 18.9 2 years........................... 795 567 71.3 485 61.0 337 148 82 14.4 1 year............................ 973 639 65.6 511 52.5 351 160 127 20.0 Under 1 year...................... 925 534 57.8 415 44.9 281 134 119 22.3 2010 TOTAL MOTHERS With own children under 3 years old... 9,503 5,770 60.7 5,114 53.8 3,570 1,543 656 11.4 2 years........................... 2,968 1,908 64.3 1,708 57.6 1,200 509 199 10.5 1 year............................ 3,351 2,062 61.5 1,815 54.2 1,243 572 246 12.0 Under 1 year...................... 3,184 1,800 56.5 1,590 49.9 1,128 462 210 11.7 Married, spouse present With own children under 3 years old... 6,642 3,941 59.3 3,670 55.3 2,596 1,074 271 6.9 2 years........................... 2,055 1,275 62.1 1,195 58.2 841 354 80 6.3 1 year............................ 2,344 1,403 59.8 1,301 55.5 896 405 101 7.2 Under 1 year...................... 2,243 1,263 56.3 1,174 52.3 859 315 89 7.1 Other marital status (3) With own children under 3 years old... 2,862 1,828 63.9 1,444 50.4 974 470 385 21.0 2 years........................... 914 633 69.2 514 56.2 359 155 119 18.8 1 year............................ 1,007 659 65.5 514 51.1 346 168 145 22.0 Under 1 year...................... 941 537 57.0 416 44.2 269 147 121 22.5 1 Usually work 35 hours or more a week at all jobs. 2 Usually work less than 35 hours a week at all jobs. 3 Includes never married; married, spouse absent; divorced; separated; and widowed persons. NOTE: Own children include sons, daughters, step-children, and adopted children. Not included are nieces, nephews, grandchildren, and other related and unrelated children. Detail may not sum to totals due to rounding. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.