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For release 10:00 a.m. (EDT) Friday, May 15, 2020 USDL-20-0922 Technical information: cpsinfo@bls.gov * www.bls.gov/cps Media contact: (202) 691-5902 * PressOffice@bls.gov FOREIGN-BORN WORKERS: LABOR FORCE CHARACTERISTICS -- 2019 The unemployment rate for foreign-born persons in the United States was 3.1 percent in 2019, down from 3.5 percent in 2018, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. The jobless rate of native-born persons was 3.8 percent in 2019, down from 4.0 percent in 2018. Data on nativity are collected as part of the Current Population Survey (CPS), a monthly sample survey of approximately 60,000 households. The foreign born are persons who reside in the United States but who were not U.S. citizens at birth. Specifically, they were born outside the United States (or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam), and neither parent was a U.S. citizen. The foreign born include legally-admitted immigrants, refugees, temporary residents such as students and temporary workers, and undocumented immigrants. However, the survey does not separately identify persons in these categories. For further information about the survey, see the Technical Note in this news release. Highlights from the 2019 data: --In 2019, there were 28.4 million foreign-born persons in the U.S. labor force, comprising 17.4 percent of the total. (See table 1.) --Hispanics continued to account for nearly half of the foreign-born labor force in 2019, and Asians accounted for one-quarter. (See table 1.) (Data in this news release for persons who are White, Black, or Asian do not include those of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity. Data on persons of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity are presented separately.) --Foreign-born men were more likely to participate in the labor force than native-born men (78.0 percent compared with 67.4 percent), while foreign-born women were less likely to participate in the labor force than native-born women (54.8 percent compared with 57.9 percent). (See table 1.) --Foreign-born workers were more likely than native-born workers to be employed in service occupations; natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations; and production, transportation, and material moving occupations. Foreign-born workers were less likely than native-born workers to be employed in management, professional, and related occupations and in sales and office occupations. (See table 4.) --The median usual weekly earnings of foreign-born full-time wage and salary workers were $800 in 2019, compared with $941 for their native-born counterparts. (See table 5.) (Differences in earnings reflect a variety of factors, including variations in the distributions of foreign-born and native-born workers by educational attainment, occupation, industry, and geographic region.) Demographic Characteristics The demographic composition of the foreign-born labor force differs from that of the native- born labor force. In 2019, men accounted for 57.2 percent of the foreign-born labor force, compared with 52.1 percent of the native-born labor force. By age, the proportion of the foreign-born labor force made up of 25- to 54-year-olds (72.5 percent) was higher than for the native-born labor force (61.8 percent). Labor force participation is typically highest among persons in that age bracket. (See table 1.) In 2019, nearly half (47.6 percent) of the foreign-born labor force was Hispanic, and one- quarter (25.3 percent) was Asian. In 2019, Hispanics and Asians made up much lower percentages of the native-born labor force, at 11.5 percent and 2.2 percent, respectively. About 16.4 percent of the foreign-born labor force was White and 9.6 percent was Black, compared with 71.1 percent and 12.3 percent, respectively, of the native-born labor force. In terms of educational attainment, the proportion of the foreign-born labor force age 25 and over that had not completed high school was 20.4 percent in 2019, much higher than the figure for the native-born labor force, at 3.9 percent. The foreign born were less likely than the native born to have some college or an associate degree--16.2 percent compared with 28.6 percent. The proportions for foreign-born and native-born high school graduates (24.9 percent compared with 25.5 percent) and those with a bachelor's degree or higher (38.6 percent compared with 42.0 percent) were more similar. Labor Force In 2019, the share of the U.S. civilian labor force that was foreign born was 17.4 percent, the same as in 2018. (See table 1.) The share of the U.S. civilian labor force that was foreign born was 13.3 percent in 2000. In 2019, the labor force participation rate of the foreign born edged up to 66.0 percent from 65.7 percent in the prior year. The participation rate for the native born increased to 62.5 percent in 2019 from 62.3 percent in 2018. Foreign-born men continued to participate in the labor force at a considerably higher rate (78.0 percent) in 2019 than their native-born counterparts (67.4 percent). In contrast, 54.8 percent of foreign-born women were labor force participants, somewhat lower than the rate of 57.9 percent for native-born women. Labor force participation rates for the foreign-born varied across the major race and ethnicity groups in 2019, ranging from 60.3 percent for foreign-born Whites to 70.8 percent for foreign-born Blacks. Participation rates for the native born showed less variation across race and ethnicity groups, ranging from 61.1 percent for native-born Blacks to 65.4 percent for native-born Hispanics. Across all race and ethnicity groups, participation rates showed little or no change from 2018 to 2019 for both the foreign born and the native born, except for native-born Hispanics, whose rate increased from 64.5 percent to 65.4 percent. In 2019, foreign-born mothers with children under age 18 were less likely to be labor force participants than native-born mothers--61.7 percent compared with 75.5 percent. Labor force participation differences between foreign-born and native-born mothers were greater among those with younger children than among those with older children. Among women with children under age 6, the participation rate for foreign-born mothers was 52.6 percent, 17.7 percentage points below that for native-born mothers, at 70.3 percent. In comparison, the labor force participation rate of foreign-born mothers with children ages 6 to 17 (68.0 percent) was 11.6 percentage points lower than that for native-born mothers with children ages 6 to 17 (79.6 percent). The labor force participation rates of foreign-born and native-born fathers with children under age 18 were similar, at 93.9 percent and 93.2 percent, respectively. (See table 2.) By region, the foreign born made up a larger share of the labor force in the West (23.5 percent) and in the Northeast (20.2 percent) in 2019 than for the nation as a whole (17.4 percent). In contrast, the foreign born made up a smaller share of the labor force than for the nation as a whole in the South (16.5 percent) and the Midwest (9.7 percent). (See table 6.) Unemployment The unemployment rate of the foreign born declined from 3.5 percent to 3.1 percent from 2018 to 2019, and the jobless rate for the native born decreased from 4.0 percent to 3.8 percent. For both the foreign born and the native born, the 2019 jobless rates were the lowest in the history of the series (which date back to January 1996, when data for these series first became available on a regular basis). The over-the-year decrease in the unemployment rates of the foreign born and the native born reflected decreases in the rates for both men and women. In 2019, the unemployment rates for foreign-born men and women were 2.7 percent and 3.7 percent, compared with 4.0 percent and 3.6 percent for native-born men and women. (See table 1.) For both the foreign born and the native born, jobless rates vary considerably by race and ethnicity. Among the foreign born, Blacks had the highest unemployment rate in 2019 (4.1 percent), followed by Hispanics (3.4 percent), Whites (2.9 percent), and Asians (2.4 percent). Among the native born, Blacks also had the highest jobless rate (6.5 percent), followed by Hispanics (5.1 percent), Asians (3.3 percent), and Whites (3.0 percent). Occupation In 2019, foreign-born workers continued to be more likely than native-born workers to be employed in service occupations (22.5 percent compared with 16.0 percent); natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations (13.4 percent compared with 8.2 percent); and production, transportation, and material moving occupations (14.7 percent compared with 11.2 percent). Foreign-born workers were less likely than native-born workers to be employed in management, professional, and related occupations (33.9 percent compared with 42.2 percent) and in sales and office occupations (15.5 percent compared with 22.4 percent). (See table 4.) In 2019, employed foreign-born men and women were more likely than their native-born counterparts to work in service occupations; natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations; and production, transportation, and material moving occupations. Among employed men, the disparity was especially great in natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations--21.8 percent of the foreign born worked in this occupational field, compared with 15.0 percent of the native born. The occupational disparity for women was pronounced in service occupations--31.4 percent of the foreign born worked in that occupation group, compared with 19.0 percent of the native born. By contrast, employed native-born men and women were more likely than their foreign-born counterparts to work in management, professional, and related occupations and in sales and office occupations. Earnings In 2019, median usual weekly earnings of foreign-born, full-time wage and salary workers ($800) were 85.0 percent of the earnings of their native-born counterparts ($941). Among men, median weekly earnings for the foreign born ($863) were 82.8 percent of the earnings of the native born ($1,042). Median earnings for foreign-born women ($719) were 85.5 percent of the earnings of native-born women ($841). (See table 5.) Differences in earnings reflect a variety of factors, including variations in the distributions of foreign-born and native-born workers by educational attainment, occupation, industry, and geographic region. Among the major race and ethnicity groups, Hispanic foreign-born full-time wage and salary workers earned 86.7 percent as much as their native-born counterparts in 2019. For Black and Asian workers, earnings for the foreign born and the native born were similar (less than a 3 percent difference for both groups), while White foreign-born workers earned 12.3 percent more than their native-born counterparts. The earnings of both foreign-born and native-born workers increase with education. In 2019, foreign-born workers age 25 and over with less than a high school diploma earned $577 per week, while those with a bachelor's degree and higher earned about 2.5 times as much--$1,418 per week. Among the native born, those with a bachelor's degree and higher earned 2.2 times as much as those with less than a high school diploma--$1,360 compared with $617 per week. Native-born workers earn more than the foreign born at most educational attainment levels. For example, among high school graduates (no college), full-time workers who were foreign born ($675) earned 88.1 percent as much as their native-born counterparts ($766) in 2019. However, among those with a bachelor's degree and higher, the earnings of foreign-born workers ($1,418) were slightly higher than the earnings of native-born workers ($1,360).
Technical Note The estimates in this release are based on annual average data from the Current Population Survey (CPS). The CPS, which is conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), is a monthly survey of about 60,000 eligible households that provides information on the labor force status, demographics, and other characteristics of the nation's civilian noninstitutional population age 16 and over. In response to the increased demand for statistical information about the foreign born, questions on nativity, citizenship, year of entry into the United States, and the parental nativity of respondents were added to the CPS beginning in January 1994. Prior to 1994, the primary sources of data on the foreign born were the decennial census, two CPS supplements (conducted in April 1983 and November 1989), and, to some extent, information collected by the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (formerly known as the Immigration and Naturalization Service). The foreign- and native-born data presented in this release are not strictly comparable with data for earlier years due to the introduction of updated population estimates, or controls, used in the CPS. The population controls are updated each year in January to reflect the latest information about population change. Additional information is available from the BLS website at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#pop. Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200, Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339. Reliability of the estimates Statistics based on the CPS are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample, rather than the entire population, is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the true population values they represent. The component of this difference that occurs because samples differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence. The CPS data also are affected by nonsampling error. Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the population, inability to obtain information for all respondents in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information, and errors made in the collection or processing of the data. Additional information about the reliability of data from the CPS and estimating standard errors is available at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#reliability. Definitions Definitions of the principal terms used in this release are presented below. Foreign born. The foreign born are persons residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. Specifically, they were born outside the United States (or one of its outlying areas such as Guam or Puerto Rico), and neither parent was a U.S. citizen. The foreign-born population includes legally-admitted immigrants, refugees, temporary residents such as students and temporary workers,and undocumented immigrants. The survey data, however, do not separately identify the number of persons in these categories. Native born. The native born are persons born in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen. Race and ethnicity groups. In this release, the data are presented for non-Hispanic Whites, Blacks, and Asians and for persons of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity. These four groups are mutually exclusive but not exhaustive. Other race groups (including persons who selected more than one race category) are included in the overall totals but are not shown separately because the number of survey respondents is too small to develop statistically reliable estimates. The presentation of data on race and ethnicity in this release differs from that which appears in most analyses of CPS labor force data because persons of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity are separated from the race groups. Because persons of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity can be of any race, they are usually included in the race groups as well as shown separately in the Hispanic or Latino ethnicity group. The reason for the difference in the data presentation in this release is because about half of the foreign born are of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity and they have somewhat different labor force characteristics than the non- Hispanic foreign born. Employed. Employed persons are all those who, during the survey reference week, (a) did any work at all as paid employees; (b) worked in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or (c) worked 15 hours or more as unpaid workers in a family member's business. Persons who were temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad weather, vacation, labor dispute, or another reason also are counted as employed. Unemployed. The unemployed are those who had no employment during the reference week, were available for work at that time, and had made specific efforts to find employment sometime during the 4-week period ending with the reference week. Persons who were waiting to be recalled to a job from which they had been laid off need not be looking for work to be classified as unemployed. Civilian labor force. The civilian labor force comprises all persons classified as employed or unemployed. Unemployment rate. The unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent of the civilian labor force. Labor force participation rate. The labor force participation rate is the labor force as a percent of the population. Usual weekly earnings. Data represent earnings before taxes and other deductions and include any overtime pay, commissions, or tips usually received (at the main job in the case of multiple jobholders). Earnings reported on a basis other than weekly are converted to a weekly equivalent. Full-time wage and salary workers. These are workers who usually work 35 hours or more per week at their sole or principal job and receive wages, salaries, and other types of compensation. The group includes employees in both the private and public sectors but, for purposes of the earnings series, excludes all self-employed persons, regardless of whether or not their businesses are incorporated. Median earnings. The median earnings is the amount which divides a given earnings distribution into two equal groups, one having earnings above the median and the other having earnings below the median.
Characteristic | 2018 | 2019 | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Civilian noninsti- tutional population |
Civilian labor force | Civilian noninsti- tutional population |
Civilian labor force | |||||||||
Total | Participa- tion rate |
Employed | Unemployed | Total | Participa- tion rate |
Employed | Unemployed | |||||
Number | Unem- ployment rate |
Number | Unem- ployment rate |
|||||||||
TOTAL |
||||||||||||
Total, 16 years and over |
257,791 | 162,075 | 62.9 | 155,761 | 6,314 | 3.9 | 259,175 | 163,539 | 63.1 | 157,538 | 6,001 | 3.7 |
Men |
124,678 | 86,096 | 69.1 | 82,698 | 3,398 | 3.9 | 125,353 | 86,687 | 69.2 | 83,460 | 3,227 | 3.7 |
Women |
133,112 | 75,978 | 57.1 | 73,063 | 2,916 | 3.8 | 133,822 | 76,852 | 57.4 | 74,078 | 2,774 | 3.6 |
FOREIGN BORN |
||||||||||||
Total, 16 years and over |
42,898 | 28,202 | 65.7 | 27,217 | 986 | 3.5 | 42,990 | 28,390 | 66.0 | 27,502 | 888 | 3.1 |
Men |
20,803 | 16,203 | 77.9 | 15,714 | 488 | 3.0 | 20,814 | 16,234 | 78.0 | 15,791 | 443 | 2.7 |
Women |
22,095 | 12,000 | 54.3 | 11,502 | 497 | 4.1 | 22,176 | 12,156 | 54.8 | 11,711 | 446 | 3.7 |
Age |
||||||||||||
16 to 24 years |
3,443 | 1,761 | 51.2 | 1,638 | 124 | 7.0 | 3,330 | 1,735 | 52.1 | 1,619 | 116 | 6.7 |
25 to 34 years |
7,946 | 6,092 | 76.7 | 5,877 | 215 | 3.5 | 7,665 | 5,917 | 77.2 | 5,726 | 191 | 3.2 |
35 to 44 years |
9,499 | 7,520 | 79.2 | 7,302 | 219 | 2.9 | 9,361 | 7,459 | 79.7 | 7,273 | 187 | 2.5 |
45 to 54 years |
8,715 | 7,044 | 80.8 | 6,844 | 200 | 2.8 | 8,878 | 7,219 | 81.3 | 7,018 | 201 | 2.8 |
55 to 64 years |
6,542 | 4,425 | 67.6 | 4,255 | 170 | 3.8 | 6,699 | 4,585 | 68.5 | 4,450 | 135 | 3.0 |
65 years and over |
6,754 | 1,360 | 20.1 | 1,301 | 58 | 4.3 | 7,057 | 1,475 | 20.9 | 1,416 | 59 | 4.0 |
Race and Hispanic |
||||||||||||
White non-Hispanic or Latino |
7,837 | 4,676 | 59.7 | 4,517 | 160 | 3.4 | 7,710 | 4,651 | 60.3 | 4,515 | 136 | 2.9 |
Black non-Hispanic or Latino |
3,786 | 2,682 | 70.8 | 2,560 | 122 | 4.6 | 3,837 | 2,716 | 70.8 | 2,606 | 110 | 4.1 |
Asian non-Hispanic or Latino |
11,118 | 7,082 | 63.7 | 6,895 | 187 | 2.6 | 11,180 | 7,187 | 64.3 | 7,013 | 174 | 2.4 |
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity |
19,683 | 13,457 | 68.4 | 12,950 | 507 | 3.8 | 19,753 | 13,506 | 68.4 | 13,046 | 460 | 3.4 |
Educational attainment |
||||||||||||
Total, 25 years and over |
39,455 | 26,441 | 67.0 | 25,579 | 862 | 3.3 | 39,660 | 26,655 | 67.2 | 25,883 | 773 | 2.9 |
Less than a high school diploma |
9,616 | 5,607 | 58.3 | 5,378 | 229 | 4.1 | 9,494 | 5,432 | 57.2 | 5,217 | 214 | 3.9 |
High school graduates, no college(2) |
10,127 | 6,629 | 65.5 | 6,415 | 214 | 3.2 | 9,983 | 6,632 | 66.4 | 6,454 | 178 | 2.7 |
Some college or associate degree |
6,366 | 4,448 | 69.9 | 4,301 | 147 | 3.3 | 6,233 | 4,312 | 69.2 | 4,196 | 116 | 2.7 |
Bachelor's degree and higher(3) |
13,347 | 9,758 | 73.1 | 9,485 | 273 | 2.8 | 13,950 | 10,280 | 73.7 | 10,015 | 264 | 2.6 |
NATIVE BORN |
||||||||||||
Total, 16 years and over |
214,892 | 133,872 | 62.3 | 128,544 | 5,328 | 4.0 | 216,185 | 135,148 | 62.5 | 130,036 | 5,112 | 3.8 |
Men |
103,875 | 69,894 | 67.3 | 66,984 | 2,910 | 4.2 | 104,540 | 70,453 | 67.4 | 67,669 | 2,784 | 4.0 |
Women |
111,018 | 63,979 | 57.6 | 61,560 | 2,418 | 3.8 | 111,645 | 64,696 | 57.9 | 62,367 | 2,328 | 3.6 |
Age |
||||||||||||
16 to 24 years |
34,561 | 19,223 | 55.6 | 17,539 | 1,684 | 8.8 | 34,418 | 19,358 | 56.2 | 17,703 | 1,654 | 8.5 |
25 to 34 years |
36,635 | 30,682 | 83.8 | 29,447 | 1,235 | 4.0 | 37,211 | 31,274 | 84.0 | 30,081 | 1,193 | 3.8 |
35 to 44 years |
31,071 | 26,099 | 84.0 | 25,315 | 784 | 3.0 | 31,599 | 26,598 | 84.2 | 25,854 | 743 | 2.8 |
45 to 54 years |
32,525 | 26,267 | 80.8 | 25,529 | 738 | 2.8 | 31,566 | 25,713 | 81.5 | 25,024 | 689 | 2.7 |
55 to 64 years |
35,572 | 22,929 | 64.5 | 22,310 | 619 | 2.7 | 35,542 | 23,018 | 64.8 | 22,443 | 575 | 2.5 |
65 years and over |
44,529 | 8,673 | 19.5 | 8,404 | 269 | 3.1 | 45,848 | 9,188 | 20.0 | 8,931 | 257 | 2.8 |
Race and Hispanic |
||||||||||||
White non-Hispanic or Latino |
154,396 | 95,991 | 62.2 | 92,952 | 3,038 | 3.2 | 154,457 | 96,132 | 62.2 | 93,210 | 2,922 | 3.0 |
Black non-Hispanic or Latino |
27,076 | 16,484 | 60.9 | 15,355 | 1,129 | 6.8 | 27,105 | 16,566 | 61.1 | 15,497 | 1,069 | 6.5 |
Asian non-Hispanic or Latino |
4,408 | 2,761 | 62.6 | 2,657 | 104 | 3.8 | 4,720 | 2,973 | 63.0 | 2,874 | 99 | 3.3 |
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity |
23,051 | 14,879 | 64.5 | 14,063 | 816 | 5.5 | 23,754 | 15,547 | 65.4 | 14,759 | 788 | 5.1 |
Educational attainment |
||||||||||||
Total, 25 years and over |
180,332 | 114,650 | 63.6 | 111,005 | 3,644 | 3.2 | 181,767 | 115,791 | 63.7 | 112,333 | 3,458 | 3.0 |
Less than a high school diploma |
12,635 | 4,671 | 37.0 | 4,323 | 347 | 7.4 | 12,132 | 4,544 | 37.5 | 4,224 | 320 | 7.0 |
High school graduates, no college(2) |
52,465 | 29,382 | 56.0 | 28,135 | 1,247 | 4.2 | 52,476 | 29,530 | 56.3 | 28,383 | 1,146 | 3.9 |
Some college or associate degree |
51,038 | 33,138 | 64.9 | 32,036 | 1,101 | 3.3 | 51,280 | 33,108 | 64.6 | 32,086 | 1,022 | 3.1 |
Bachelor's degree and higher(3) |
64,193 | 47,459 | 73.9 | 46,511 | 949 | 2.0 | 65,878 | 48,609 | 73.8 | 47,640 | 969 | 2.0 |
Footnotes |
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NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. |
Characteristic | 2018 | 2019 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | |
FOREIGN BORN |
||||||
With own children under 18 |
||||||
Civilian noninstitutional population |
15,770 | 7,446 | 8,324 | 15,499 | 7,341 | 8,159 |
Civilian labor force |
12,062 | 6,984 | 5,078 | 11,926 | 6,891 | 5,035 |
Participation rate |
76.5 | 93.8 | 61.0 | 76.9 | 93.9 | 61.7 |
Employed |
11,675 | 6,815 | 4,860 | 11,574 | 6,735 | 4,840 |
Employment-population ratio |
74.0 | 91.5 | 58.4 | 74.7 | 91.7 | 59.3 |
Unemployed |
387 | 168 | 219 | 352 | 156 | 195 |
Unemployment rate |
3.2 | 2.4 | 4.3 | 3.0 | 2.3 | 3.9 |
With own children 6 to 17, none younger |
||||||
Civilian noninstitutional population |
8,948 | 4,120 | 4,827 | 8,938 | 4,127 | 4,810 |
Civilian labor force |
7,127 | 3,824 | 3,303 | 7,093 | 3,820 | 3,273 |
Participation rate |
79.7 | 92.8 | 68.4 | 79.4 | 92.5 | 68.0 |
Employed |
6,904 | 3,733 | 3,171 | 6,880 | 3,724 | 3,157 |
Employment-population ratio |
77.2 | 90.6 | 65.7 | 77.0 | 90.2 | 65.6 |
Unemployed |
223 | 91 | 132 | 212 | 96 | 116 |
Unemployment rate |
3.1 | 2.4 | 4.0 | 3.0 | 2.5 | 3.6 |
With own children under 6 |
||||||
Civilian noninstitutional population |
6,823 | 3,326 | 3,497 | 6,562 | 3,213 | 3,348 |
Civilian labor force |
4,935 | 3,160 | 1,775 | 4,834 | 3,071 | 1,762 |
Participation rate |
72.3 | 95.0 | 50.8 | 73.7 | 95.6 | 52.6 |
Employed |
4,771 | 3,082 | 1,689 | 4,694 | 3,011 | 1,683 |
Employment-population ratio |
69.9 | 92.7 | 48.3 | 71.5 | 93.7 | 50.3 |
Unemployed |
164 | 77 | 87 | 139 | 60 | 79 |
Unemployment rate |
3.3 | 2.4 | 4.9 | 2.9 | 2.0 | 4.5 |
With own children under 3 |
||||||
Civilian noninstitutional population |
3,720 | 1,828 | 1,892 | 3,566 | 1,774 | 1,792 |
Civilian labor force |
2,589 | 1,732 | 857 | 2,566 | 1,695 | 871 |
Participation rate |
69.6 | 94.8 | 45.3 | 72.0 | 95.5 | 48.6 |
Employed |
2,504 | 1,695 | 809 | 2,495 | 1,664 | 831 |
Employment-population ratio |
67.3 | 92.7 | 42.8 | 70.0 | 93.8 | 46.4 |
Unemployed |
85 | 37 | 48 | 71 | 31 | 40 |
Unemployment rate |
3.3 | 2.2 | 5.6 | 2.8 | 1.8 | 4.6 |
With no own children under 18 |
||||||
Civilian noninstitutional population |
27,128 | 13,357 | 13,771 | 27,491 | 13,473 | 14,018 |
Civilian labor force |
16,140 | 9,219 | 6,921 | 16,464 | 9,343 | 7,121 |
Participation rate |
59.5 | 69.0 | 50.3 | 59.9 | 69.3 | 50.8 |
Employed |
15,542 | 8,899 | 6,643 | 15,927 | 9,056 | 6,871 |
Employment-population ratio |
57.3 | 66.6 | 48.2 | 57.9 | 67.2 | 49.0 |
Unemployed |
599 | 320 | 279 | 537 | 287 | 250 |
Unemployment rate |
3.7 | 3.5 | 4.0 | 3.3 | 3.1 | 3.5 |
NATIVE BORN |
||||||
With own children under 18 |
||||||
Civilian noninstitutional population |
48,464 | 21,467 | 26,998 | 48,138 | 21,318 | 26,820 |
Civilian labor force |
40,144 | 19,984 | 20,161 | 40,107 | 19,865 | 20,242 |
Participation rate |
82.8 | 93.1 | 74.7 | 83.3 | 93.2 | 75.5 |
Employed |
38,915 | 19,501 | 19,414 | 38,977 | 19,427 | 19,550 |
Employment-population ratio |
80.3 | 90.8 | 71.9 | 81.0 | 91.1 | 72.9 |
Unemployed |
1,229 | 483 | 746 | 1,130 | 438 | 692 |
Unemployment rate |
3.1 | 2.4 | 3.7 | 2.8 | 2.2 | 3.4 |
With own children 6 to 17, none younger |
||||||
Civilian noninstitutional population |
26,933 | 11,874 | 15,059 | 26,768 | 11,859 | 14,909 |
Civilian labor force |
22,810 | 10,929 | 11,880 | 22,765 | 10,894 | 11,871 |
Participation rate |
84.7 | 92.0 | 78.9 | 85.0 | 91.9 | 79.6 |
Employed |
22,193 | 10,696 | 11,497 | 22,169 | 10,661 | 11,508 |
Employment-population ratio |
82.4 | 90.1 | 76.3 | 82.8 | 89.9 | 77.2 |
Unemployed |
617 | 233 | 384 | 596 | 233 | 363 |
Unemployment rate |
2.7 | 2.1 | 3.2 | 2.6 | 2.1 | 3.1 |
With own children under 6 |
||||||
Civilian noninstitutional population |
21,532 | 9,593 | 11,939 | 21,370 | 9,458 | 11,912 |
Civilian labor force |
17,335 | 9,055 | 8,280 | 17,342 | 8,971 | 8,371 |
Participation rate |
80.5 | 94.4 | 69.4 | 81.1 | 94.8 | 70.3 |
Employed |
16,723 | 8,805 | 7,918 | 16,808 | 8,766 | 8,042 |
Employment-population ratio |
77.7 | 91.8 | 66.3 | 78.7 | 92.7 | 67.5 |
Unemployed |
612 | 249 | 363 | 534 | 204 | 329 |
Unemployment rate |
3.5 | 2.8 | 4.4 | 3.1 | 2.3 | 3.9 |
With own children under 3 |
||||||
Civilian noninstitutional population |
12,556 | 5,623 | 6,933 | 12,464 | 5,571 | 6,894 |
Civilian labor force |
9,932 | 5,328 | 4,605 | 9,941 | 5,300 | 4,641 |
Participation rate |
79.1 | 94.8 | 66.4 | 79.8 | 95.1 | 67.3 |
Employed |
9,576 | 5,174 | 4,401 | 9,626 | 5,173 | 4,453 |
Employment-population ratio |
76.3 | 92.0 | 63.5 | 77.2 | 92.9 | 64.6 |
Unemployed |
357 | 153 | 204 | 315 | 127 | 188 |
Unemployment rate |
3.6 | 2.9 | 4.4 | 3.2 | 2.4 | 4.1 |
With no own children under 18 |
||||||
Civilian noninstitutional population |
166,428 | 82,408 | 84,020 | 168,047 | 83,222 | 84,825 |
Civilian labor force |
93,728 | 49,910 | 43,818 | 95,042 | 50,588 | 44,453 |
Participation rate |
56.3 | 60.6 | 52.2 | 56.6 | 60.8 | 52.4 |
Employed |
89,629 | 47,483 | 42,146 | 91,060 | 48,242 | 42,817 |
Employment-population ratio |
53.9 | 57.6 | 50.2 | 54.2 | 58.0 | 50.5 |
Unemployed |
4,099 | 2,427 | 1,672 | 3,982 | 2,346 | 1,636 |
Unemployment rate |
4.4 | 4.9 | 3.8 | 4.2 | 4.6 | 3.7 |
NOTE: Own children include sons, daughters, step-children, and adopted children. Not included are nieces, nephews, grandchildren, and other related and unrelated children. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. |
Characteristic | 2018 | 2019 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Less than a high school diploma |
High school graduates, no college(1) |
Some college or associate degree |
Bachelor's degree and higher(2) |
Less than a high school diploma |
High school graduates, no college(1) |
Some college or associate degree |
Bachelor's degree and higher(2) |
|
FOREIGN BORN |
||||||||
White non-Hispanic or Latino |
||||||||
Civilian noninstitutional population |
644 | 1,708 | 1,361 | 3,617 | 563 | 1,686 | 1,369 | 3,610 |
Civilian labor force |
250 | 849 | 817 | 2,515 | 186 | 897 | 794 | 2,523 |
Participation rate |
38.9 | 49.7 | 60.0 | 69.5 | 33.0 | 53.2 | 58.0 | 69.9 |
Employed |
238 | 823 | 791 | 2,440 | 179 | 871 | 771 | 2,456 |
Employment-population ratio |
36.9 | 48.2 | 58.1 | 67.5 | 31.9 | 51.7 | 56.3 | 68.0 |
Unemployed |
12 | 26 | 27 | 75 | 6 | 25 | 22 | 67 |
Unemployment rate |
4.9 | 3.1 | 3.3 | 3.0 | 3.4 | 2.8 | 2.8 | 2.7 |
Black non-Hispanic or Latino |
||||||||
Civilian noninstitutional population |
391 | 946 | 908 | 1,156 | 374 | 967 | 838 | 1,240 |
Civilian labor force |
196 | 666 | 684 | 950 | 199 | 663 | 638 | 1,011 |
Participation rate |
50.3 | 70.4 | 75.3 | 82.1 | 53.2 | 68.5 | 76.2 | 81.5 |
Employed |
187 | 637 | 653 | 911 | 187 | 637 | 614 | 976 |
Employment-population ratio |
47.8 | 67.4 | 71.9 | 78.8 | 49.9 | 65.9 | 73.3 | 78.7 |
Unemployed |
10 | 28 | 31 | 38 | 12 | 26 | 24 | 36 |
Unemployment rate |
4.9 | 4.2 | 4.5 | 4.0 | 6.1 | 3.9 | 3.8 | 3.5 |
Asian non-Hispanic or Latino |
||||||||
Civilian noninstitutional population |
1,015 | 1,955 | 1,402 | 5,844 | 1,079 | 1,829 | 1,318 | 6,096 |
Civilian labor force |
403 | 1,145 | 934 | 4,257 | 410 | 1,062 | 878 | 4,478 |
Participation rate |
39.7 | 58.6 | 66.7 | 72.8 | 38.0 | 58.1 | 66.6 | 73.5 |
Employed |
393 | 1,121 | 910 | 4,152 | 399 | 1,044 | 857 | 4,378 |
Employment-population ratio |
38.7 | 57.3 | 64.9 | 71.0 | 37.0 | 57.1 | 65.0 | 71.8 |
Unemployed |
10 | 24 | 24 | 106 | 11 | 17 | 21 | 100 |
Unemployment rate |
2.5 | 2.1 | 2.6 | 2.5 | 2.6 | 1.6 | 2.4 | 2.2 |
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity |
||||||||
Civilian noninstitutional population |
7,514 | 5,410 | 2,577 | 2,585 | 7,436 | 5,392 | 2,572 | 2,834 |
Civilian labor force |
4,730 | 3,908 | 1,930 | 1,923 | 4,618 | 3,941 | 1,910 | 2,142 |
Participation rate |
62.9 | 72.2 | 74.9 | 74.4 | 62.1 | 73.1 | 74.2 | 75.6 |
Employed |
4,534 | 3,777 | 1,867 | 1,870 | 4,433 | 3,835 | 1,863 | 2,082 |
Employment-population ratio |
60.3 | 69.8 | 72.4 | 72.4 | 59.6 | 71.1 | 72.4 | 73.5 |
Unemployed |
196 | 131 | 63 | 53 | 184 | 106 | 47 | 59 |
Unemployment rate |
4.1 | 3.4 | 3.2 | 2.7 | 4.0 | 2.7 | 2.5 | 2.8 |
NATIVE BORN |
||||||||
White non-Hispanic or Latino |
||||||||
Civilian noninstitutional population |
7,423 | 37,857 | 37,328 | 52,012 | 7,075 | 37,579 | 37,225 | 53,021 |
Civilian labor force |
2,641 | 20,379 | 23,507 | 37,817 | 2,550 | 20,377 | 23,175 | 38,437 |
Participation rate |
35.6 | 53.8 | 63.0 | 72.7 | 36.0 | 54.2 | 62.3 | 72.5 |
Employed |
2,479 | 19,670 | 22,855 | 37,117 | 2,399 | 19,725 | 22,570 | 37,726 |
Employment-population ratio |
33.4 | 52.0 | 61.2 | 71.4 | 33.9 | 52.5 | 60.6 | 71.2 |
Unemployed |
162 | 708 | 652 | 700 | 151 | 652 | 606 | 711 |
Unemployment rate |
6.1 | 3.5 | 2.8 | 1.9 | 5.9 | 3.2 | 2.6 | 1.8 |
Black non-Hispanic or Latino |
||||||||
Civilian noninstitutional population |
2,427 | 7,487 | 6,713 | 5,555 | 2,315 | 7,571 | 6,820 | 5,708 |
Civilian labor force |
782 | 4,340 | 4,571 | 4,259 | 759 | 4,326 | 4,632 | 4,373 |
Participation rate |
32.2 | 58.0 | 68.1 | 76.7 | 32.8 | 57.1 | 67.9 | 76.6 |
Employed |
684 | 4,029 | 4,324 | 4,146 | 668 | 4,035 | 4,427 | 4,256 |
Employment-population ratio |
28.2 | 53.8 | 64.4 | 74.6 | 28.9 | 53.3 | 64.9 | 74.6 |
Unemployed |
98 | 311 | 247 | 112 | 91 | 291 | 205 | 118 |
Unemployment rate |
12.6 | 7.2 | 5.4 | 2.6 | 12.0 | 6.7 | 4.4 | 2.7 |
Asian non-Hispanic or Latino |
||||||||
Civilian noninstitutional population |
164 | 516 | 602 | 1,854 | 145 | 509 | 685 | 2,035 |
Civilian labor force |
69 | 309 | 414 | 1,468 | 55 | 294 | 471 | 1,637 |
Participation rate |
41.8 | 60.0 | 68.7 | 79.2 | 38.1 | 57.8 | 68.7 | 80.4 |
Employed |
65 | 299 | 400 | 1,440 | 53 | 285 | 455 | 1,598 |
Employment-population ratio |
39.7 | 58.0 | 66.4 | 77.7 | 36.3 | 56.0 | 66.5 | 78.5 |
Unemployed |
4 | 10 | 14 | 28 | 3 | 9 | 15 | 39 |
Unemployment rate |
5.1 | 3.4 | 3.3 | 1.9 | 4.9 | 3.2 | 3.3 | 2.4 |
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity |
||||||||
Civilian noninstitutional population |
2,223 | 5,227 | 4,903 | 3,613 | 2,215 | 5,446 | 5,004 | 3,858 |
Civilian labor force |
1,023 | 3,531 | 3,624 | 2,989 | 1,042 | 3,698 | 3,790 | 3,157 |
Participation rate |
46.0 | 67.6 | 73.9 | 82.7 | 47.0 | 67.9 | 75.7 | 81.8 |
Employed |
954 | 3,369 | 3,487 | 2,900 | 978 | 3,559 | 3,646 | 3,081 |
Employment-population ratio |
42.9 | 64.5 | 71.1 | 80.3 | 44.2 | 65.4 | 72.9 | 79.9 |
Unemployed |
69 | 162 | 137 | 88 | 64 | 139 | 144 | 76 |
Unemployment rate |
6.8 | 4.6 | 3.8 | 3.0 | 6.1 | 3.8 | 3.8 | 2.4 |
Footnotes |
||||||||
NOTE: Data for race/ethnicity groups do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. |
Occupation | Foreign born | Native born | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | |
Total employed (in thousands) |
27,502 | 15,791 | 11,711 | 130,036 | 67,669 | 62,367 |
Occupation as a percent of total employed |
||||||
Total employed |
100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 |
Management, professional, and related occupations |
33.9 | 32.0 | 36.4 | 42.2 | 38.3 | 46.5 |
Management, business, and financial operations occupations |
13.1 | 13.5 | 12.6 | 18.0 | 19.1 | 16.7 |
Management occupations |
9.2 | 10.4 | 7.6 | 12.6 | 14.4 | 10.7 |
Business and financial operations occupations |
3.9 | 3.1 | 5.0 | 5.3 | 4.7 | 6.0 |
Professional and related occupations |
20.8 | 18.5 | 23.8 | 24.2 | 19.2 | 29.8 |
Computer and mathematical occupations |
5.2 | 6.6 | 3.2 | 3.0 | 4.3 | 1.6 |
Architecture and engineering occupations |
2.3 | 3.3 | 1.1 | 2.0 | 3.4 | 0.6 |
Life, physical, and social science occupations |
1.2 | 1.1 | 1.2 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 0.9 |
Community and social service occupations |
1.0 | 0.7 | 1.4 | 1.9 | 1.1 | 2.7 |
Legal occupations |
0.6 | 0.4 | 0.8 | 1.4 | 1.3 | 1.5 |
Education, training, and library occupations |
3.8 | 2.1 | 6.0 | 6.5 | 3.2 | 10.0 |
Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations |
1.5 | 1.4 | 1.6 | 2.2 | 2.1 | 2.3 |
Healthcare practitioners and technical occupations |
5.2 | 2.8 | 8.5 | 6.3 | 2.9 | 10.1 |
Service occupations |
22.5 | 15.9 | 31.4 | 16.0 | 13.2 | 19.0 |
Healthcare support occupations |
2.6 | 0.6 | 5.2 | 2.3 | 0.6 | 4.3 |
Protective service occupations |
0.9 | 1.3 | 0.4 | 2.2 | 3.3 | 1.0 |
Food preparation and serving related occupations |
6.7 | 6.0 | 7.7 | 5.0 | 4.2 | 5.9 |
Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations |
7.6 | 6.3 | 9.4 | 2.8 | 3.5 | 2.1 |
Personal care and service occupations |
4.8 | 1.7 | 8.8 | 3.6 | 1.6 | 5.7 |
Sales and office occupations |
15.5 | 12.0 | 20.2 | 22.4 | 16.6 | 28.6 |
Sales and related occupations |
7.7 | 7.3 | 8.3 | 10.3 | 10.1 | 10.6 |
Office and administrative support occupations |
7.8 | 4.7 | 11.9 | 12.0 | 6.5 | 18.0 |
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations |
13.4 | 21.8 | 2.0 | 8.2 | 15.0 | 0.9 |
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations |
1.7 | 2.0 | 1.2 | 0.5 | 0.8 | 0.2 |
Construction and extraction occupations |
9.1 | 15.3 | 0.7 | 4.5 | 8.3 | 0.3 |
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations |
2.6 | 4.4 | 0.2 | 3.2 | 5.9 | 0.3 |
Production, transportation, and material moving occupations |
14.7 | 18.2 | 10.0 | 11.2 | 16.9 | 5.0 |
Production occupations |
7.2 | 7.6 | 6.6 | 5.1 | 7.3 | 2.7 |
Transportation and material moving occupations |
7.5 | 10.6 | 3.4 | 6.1 | 9.7 | 2.3 |
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. |
Characteristic | 2018 | 2019 | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Foreign born | Native born | Earnings of foreign born as percent of native born |
Foreign born | Native born | Earnings of foreign born as percent of native born |
|||||
Number | Median weekly earnings |
Number | Median weekly earnings |
Number | Median weekly earnings |
Number | Median weekly earnings |
|||
Total, 16 years and over |
20,627 | $758 | 94,939 | $910 | 83.3 | 21,007 | $800 | 96,576 | $941 | 85.0 |
Men |
12,469 | 815 | 51,673 | 1,007 | 80.9 | 12,584 | 863 | 52,423 | 1,042 | 82.8 |
Women |
8,158 | 678 | 43,266 | 810 | 83.7 | 8,423 | 719 | 44,154 | 841 | 85.5 |
AGE |
||||||||||
16 to 24 years |
993 | 522 | 9,436 | 551 | 94.7 | 987 | 564 | 9,778 | 583 | 96.7 |
25 to 34 years |
4,668 | 752 | 24,207 | 819 | 91.8 | 4,682 | 797 | 24,894 | 854 | 93.3 |
35 to 44 years |
5,803 | 802 | 20,648 | 1,035 | 77.5 | 5,704 | 864 | 21,078 | 1,083 | 79.8 |
45 to 54 years |
5,215 | 779 | 20,351 | 1,059 | 73.6 | 5,491 | 815 | 19,899 | 1,102 | 74.0 |
55 to 64 years |
3,154 | 774 | 16,430 | 1,035 | 74.8 | 3,293 | 815 | 16,773 | 1,065 | 76.5 |
65 years and over |
795 | 733 | 3,867 | 977 | 75.0 | 850 | 749 | 4,155 | 964 | 77.7 |
RACE AND HISPANIC OR |
||||||||||
White non-Hispanic or Latino |
3,135 | 1,083 | 67,771 | 986 | 109.8 | 3,203 | 1,141 | 68,143 | 1,016 | 112.3 |
Black non-Hispanic or Latino |
2,023 | 699 | 12,109 | 697 | 100.3 | 2,089 | 749 | 12,353 | 735 | 101.9 |
Asian non-Hispanic or Latino |
5,387 | 1,129 | 2,041 | 1,065 | 106.0 | 5,466 | 1,198 | 2,218 | 1,168 | 102.6 |
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity |
9,852 | 621 | 10,445 | 741 | 83.8 | 10,008 | 658 | 11,219 | 759 | 86.7 |
EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT |
||||||||||
Total, 25 years and over |
19,635 | 775 | 85,503 | 965 | 80.3 | 20,020 | 819 | 86,798 | 999 | 82.0 |
Less than a high school diploma |
4,097 | 535 | 2,902 | 578 | 92.6 | 4,038 | 577 | 2,972 | 617 | 93.5 |
High school graduates, no college(2) |
4,879 | 632 | 21,358 | 754 | 83.8 | 4,950 | 675 | 21,806 | 766 | 88.1 |
Some college or associate degree |
3,125 | 755 | 24,350 | 837 | 90.2 | 3,093 | 779 | 24,185 | 868 | 89.7 |
Bachelor's degree and higher(3) |
7,534 | 1,362 | 36,893 | 1,309 | 104.0 | 7,939 | 1,418 | 37,834 | 1,360 | 104.3 |
Footnotes |
||||||||||
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. |
Census region and division |
2018 | 2019 | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Civilian noninsti- tutional population |
Civilian labor force | Civilian noninsti- tutional population |
Civilian labor force | |||||||||
Total | Participa- tion rate |
Employed | Unemployed | Total | Participa- tion rate |
Employed | Unemployed | |||||
Number | Unem- ployment rate |
Number | Unem- ployment rate |
|||||||||
FOREIGN BORN |
||||||||||||
Northeast |
8,914 | 5,787 | 64.9 | 5,576 | 212 | 3.7 | 8,882 | 5,778 | 65.1 | 5,601 | 177 | 3.1 |
New England |
1,976 | 1,372 | 69.4 | 1,318 | 54 | 3.9 | 1,976 | 1,379 | 69.8 | 1,335 | 44 | 3.2 |
Middle Atlantic |
6,938 | 4,416 | 63.6 | 4,258 | 158 | 3.6 | 6,906 | 4,399 | 63.7 | 4,266 | 133 | 3.0 |
South |
14,562 | 9,719 | 66.7 | 9,405 | 314 | 3.2 | 14,887 | 10,036 | 67.4 | 9,750 | 286 | 2.8 |
South Atlantic |
8,633 | 5,766 | 66.8 | 5,583 | 183 | 3.2 | 8,913 | 6,016 | 67.5 | 5,836 | 181 | 3.0 |
East South Central |
748 | 510 | 68.2 | 492 | 18 | 3.6 | 733 | 496 | 67.7 | 483 | 13 | 2.6 |
West South Central |
5,181 | 3,443 | 66.5 | 3,330 | 113 | 3.3 | 5,242 | 3,523 | 67.2 | 3,431 | 92 | 2.6 |
Midwest |
4,907 | 3,289 | 67.0 | 3,178 | 111 | 3.4 | 4,967 | 3,400 | 68.5 | 3,298 | 102 | 3.0 |
East North Central |
3,584 | 2,351 | 65.6 | 2,273 | 78 | 3.3 | 3,695 | 2,485 | 67.3 | 2,412 | 73 | 2.9 |
West North Central |
1,323 | 938 | 70.9 | 905 | 33 | 3.5 | 1,272 | 915 | 71.9 | 886 | 29 | 3.2 |
West |
14,515 | 9,407 | 64.8 | 9,058 | 349 | 3.7 | 14,254 | 9,176 | 64.4 | 8,853 | 323 | 3.5 |
Mountain |
2,766 | 1,850 | 66.9 | 1,788 | 62 | 3.3 | 2,683 | 1,795 | 66.9 | 1,738 | 58 | 3.2 |
Pacific |
11,749 | 7,558 | 64.3 | 7,270 | 287 | 3.8 | 11,571 | 7,381 | 63.8 | 7,115 | 266 | 3.6 |
NATIVE BORN |
||||||||||||
Northeast |
36,657 | 22,937 | 62.6 | 21,996 | 941 | 4.1 | 36,371 | 22,881 | 62.9 | 21,993 | 888 | 3.9 |
New England |
10,143 | 6,721 | 66.3 | 6,488 | 232 | 3.5 | 10,195 | 6,740 | 66.1 | 6,530 | 210 | 3.1 |
Middle Atlantic |
26,513 | 16,217 | 61.2 | 15,508 | 709 | 4.4 | 26,175 | 16,141 | 61.7 | 15,463 | 679 | 4.2 |
South |
82,746 | 50,181 | 60.6 | 48,209 | 1,972 | 3.9 | 83,418 | 50,697 | 60.8 | 48,848 | 1,849 | 3.6 |
South Atlantic |
43,140 | 26,161 | 60.6 | 25,162 | 999 | 3.8 | 43,404 | 26,361 | 60.7 | 25,449 | 912 | 3.5 |
East South Central |
14,224 | 8,289 | 58.3 | 7,954 | 335 | 4.0 | 14,317 | 8,475 | 59.2 | 8,148 | 327 | 3.9 |
West South Central |
25,382 | 15,731 | 62.0 | 15,093 | 638 | 4.1 | 25,697 | 15,861 | 61.7 | 15,251 | 610 | 3.8 |
Midwest |
48,821 | 31,589 | 64.7 | 30,415 | 1,174 | 3.7 | 48,918 | 31,707 | 64.8 | 30,548 | 1,159 | 3.7 |
East North Central |
33,510 | 21,324 | 63.6 | 20,452 | 872 | 4.1 | 33,484 | 21,273 | 63.5 | 20,440 | 833 | 3.9 |
West North Central |
15,311 | 10,265 | 67.0 | 9,963 | 301 | 2.9 | 15,433 | 10,435 | 67.6 | 10,109 | 326 | 3.1 |
West |
46,669 | 29,164 | 62.5 | 27,923 | 1,241 | 4.3 | 47,478 | 29,863 | 62.9 | 28,648 | 1,215 | 4.1 |
Mountain |
16,220 | 10,341 | 63.8 | 9,920 | 421 | 4.1 | 16,701 | 10,734 | 64.3 | 10,334 | 400 | 3.7 |
Pacific |
30,449 | 18,824 | 61.8 | 18,003 | 820 | 4.4 | 30,777 | 19,129 | 62.2 | 18,314 | 815 | 4.3 |
NOTE: The states (plus the District of Columbia) that comprise the census divisions are: New England (Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont); Middle Atlantic (New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania); South Atlantic (Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia); East South Central (Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, and Tennessee); West South Central (Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas); East North Central (Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin); West North Central (Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota); Mountain (Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming); Pacific (Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington). Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. |