Green Goods and Services News Release

For release 10:00 a.m. (EDT) Tuesday, March 19, 2013       USDL-13-0476

Technical information:  (202) 691-5185 • GGSInfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/ggs
Media contact:          (202) 691-5902 •  PressOffice@bls.gov


             EMPLOYMENT IN GREEN GOODS AND SERVICES – 2011


In 2011, the percentage of total employment associated with the
production of Green Goods and Services (GGS) increased by 0.1
percentage point to 2.6 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
reported today. The number of GGS jobs increased by 157,746 to
3,401,279. GGS employment accounted for 2.3 percent of private sector
jobs and 4.2 percent of public sector jobs in 2011. The private sector
had 2,515,200 GGS jobs, while the public sector had 886,080 GGS jobs.
Among private sector industries, construction had the largest
employment rate increase, from 7.0 to 8.9 percentage points, while
manufacturing had the most GGS jobs (507,168). (See table 1.) GGS jobs
are found in businesses that primarily produce goods and provide
services that benefit the environment or conserve natural resources.

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|Green Goods and Services Industry Employment Data are Discontinued |
|                                                                   |
|On March 1, 2013, President Obama ordered into effect the across-  |
|the-board spending cuts (commonly referred to as sequestration)    |
|required by the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control      |
|Act, as amended. Under the order, the Bureau of Labor Statistics   | 
|(BLS) must cut its current budget by more than $30 million, 5      |
|percent of the current 2013 appropriation, by September 30, 2013.  |
|In order to help achieve these savings and protect core programs,  |
|the BLS will eliminate two programs and all "measuring green jobs" |
|products.  These products include:  data on employment by          |
|industry and occupation for businesses that produce green goods    |
|and services; data on the occupations and wages of jobs related    | 
|to green technologies and practices; and green career information  |  
|publications. This is the last scheduled release of new data on    |
|employment by industry for businesses that produce green goods     |
|and services.                                                      |
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Among the states, California had the largest number of GGS jobs
(360,245), accounting for 2.5 percent of employment in the state. The
District of Columbia had the highest proportion of GGS employment, at
5.1 percent; Oregon had the second highest proportion, at 4.3 percent.
(See table 4.)

GGS employment data are compiled through the Green Goods and Services
survey under the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW)
program. The QCEW includes nearly all businesses with employees
covered by state or federal unemployment insurance, which constitute
approximately 95.7 percent of civilian wage and salary employment in
the U.S. The GGS survey includes approximately 120,000 business and
government establishments within 325 industries identified as
potentially producing green goods or providing green services.
Establishments in the survey report whether they produced green goods
and services and the percentage of their revenue or employment
associated with that output. Those percentages are multiplied by their
employment to derive the number of GGS jobs for the establishment.
More information about the survey is provided in the Technical Note.

Private Industry

The private sector had 2,515,200 GGS jobs in 2011, or 2.3 percent of
private sector employment. (See tables A and 1.) Manufacturing had the
largest number of GGS jobs (507,168) among all private industry
sectors. These GGS jobs accounted for 4.3 percent of manufacturing
employment. Examples of green goods and services produced by
manufacturing industries include iron and steel from recycled inputs,
air conditioning and refrigeration equipment meeting selected
standards, hybrid cars and parts, and pollution mitigation equipment.
(See table 3.)


Table A. GGS employment by private industry sector,
2010-11 annual averages
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
       |                         |            |            |   Change   |
NAICS  |     Industry            |  2010 GGS  |  2011 GGS  |   in GGS   |
       |                         | employment | employment | employment,| 
       |                         |            |            |   2010-11  |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
10     |Total private,           |            |	           |            |
       | all industries......... |  2,342,562 |  2,515,200 |    172,638 |
11,21  |Natural resources        |  	      |     	   |            |
       |and mining.............. |     63,344 |     64,689 |      1,345 |
22     |Utilities............... |     69,031 |     71,129 |      2,098 |
23     |Construction............ |    385,777 |    487,709 |    101,932 |
31-33  |Manufacturing........... |    492,985 |    507,168 |     14,183 |
42,    |			 |  	      |  	   |            |
44-45  |Trade................... |    205,567 |    223,079 |     17,512 |
48-49  |Transportation 	         |  	      |  	   |            |
       |and warehousing......... |    242,137 |    238,755 |     -3,382 |
51     |Information............. |     33,321 |     29,412 |     -3,909 |
52,53  |Financial activities.... |        462 |        475 |         13 |
54     |Professional, scientific,|   	      |  	   |            |
       |and technical services.. |    355,386 |    381,981 |     26,595 |
55     |Management of companies  |  	      |  	   |            |
       |and enterprises......... |     62,630 |     69,310 |      6,680 |
56     |Administrative 	         |            |  	   |            |
       |and waste services...... |    330,650 |    335,417 |      4,767 |
61,62  |Education and 		 |  	      |  	   |            |
       |health services......... |     28,789 |     26,123 |     -2,666 |
71,72  |Leisure and hospitality. |     20,642 |     23,696 |      3,054 |
81     |Other services, except   |  	      |  	   |            |
       |public administration... |     51,841 |     56,257 |      4,416 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
  NOTE: Data may not add to total due to rounding.


Construction had 487,709 GGS jobs in 2011, comprising 8.9 percent of
the sector's employment. The sector had the largest increase in GGS
employment from 2010 to 2011, up 101,932, or 26.4 percent. Among the
GGS activities performed within the sector are the construction of
plants that produce energy from renewable sources and weatherizing and
retrofitting projects that reduce household energy consumption.

The trade sector had 223,079 GGS jobs in 2011, accounting for 1.1
percent of the industry's employment. This sector's increase of 17,512
GGS jobs, or 8.5 percent over the year, was the second largest
significant change in the private sector. Industries within the trade
sector that have GGS output include recyclable material merchant
wholesalers and used merchandise stores.

Leisure and hospitality services had 23,696 GGS jobs in 2011. GGS
employment in leisure and hospitality grew by 3,054, or 14.8 percent
over the year. Nature parks and botanical gardens are examples of GGS
services within leisure and hospitality services.

In the transportation and warehousing sector, the number of GGS jobs
decreased by 3,382 to 238,755, a decline of about 1.4 percent.
Commuter rail systems and charter bus services are examples of GGS
services within transportation and warehousing.

Utilities

Utilities had 71,129 GGS jobs in 2011, or 12.9 percent of total
private utilities employment. The private utilities sector added 2,098
GGS jobs in 2011, a 3.0 percent increase. Among the industries
involved in private sector electric power generation, nuclear electric
power generation had the highest GGS employment, with 44,054 jobs in
2011. Hydroelectric power generation had the second largest GGS
employment, with 3,780 GGS jobs. Wind electric power generation was
third with 2,724 GGS jobs, followed by biomass electric power
generation (1,166), geothermal electric power generation (1,017), and
solar electric power generation (522). Other electric power generation
had 525 GGS jobs in 2011. (See table 2 for public sector utilities
data and table 3 for private sector utilities data.)

Government

The public sector had 886,080 GGS jobs in 2011, accounting for 4.2
percent of employment in the sector. Over the year, government GGS
employment decreased by 14,890 (-1.7 percent). Local government had
424,201 GGS jobs in 2011, the most in the public sector, representing
3.1 percent of local government employment. The transportation and
warehousing sector had the largest GGS employment in local government
with 209,063 jobs. (See table 2.)

In 2011, state government had 248,539 GGS jobs, or 5.5 percent of
state government employment. Public administration led GGS employment
in state government with 164,952 GGS jobs. The enforcement of
environmental regulations and the administration of environmental
programs are examples of GGS services within public administration.

The federal government had 213,340 GGS jobs representing 7.5 percent
of federal government employment in 2011. The public administration
sector had 139,884 GGS jobs, the most within federal government. The
professional, scientific, and technical services sector followed with
39,714 GGS jobs.

Geographic Detail

Ten states had over 100,000 GGS jobs in 2011: California (360,245),
New York (266,308), Texas (227,532), Pennsylvania (167,397), Ohio
(137,143), Illinois (136,447), Florida (117,433), North Carolina
(108,094), Virginia (107,773), and Washington (101,593). (See table
4.)

The District of Columbia had the highest percentage of GGS total
employment of any jurisdiction (5.1 percent) in 2011. Oregon had the
next highest proportion of its employment in GGS jobs (4.3 percent).
California experienced the largest increase in GGS employment, with an
additional 17,366 GGS jobs, or 5.1 percent added, over the year.
Maryland had the second largest increase in GGS employment, with
14,143 GGS jobs, or 18.3 percent added between 2010 and 2011.

GGS employment by percentage of revenue or employment from green goods
and services

GGS employment is determined based on the percentage of revenue (or
percentage of employment, in the absence of revenue) associated with
the production of green goods and services. The GGS survey scope is
defined as 325 6-digit NAICS industries that potentially produce green
goods and services. Any establishment within that scope could fall
into one of three categories: no revenue or employment from green
goods or services, some revenue or employment from green goods or
services, or all revenue or employment from green goods and services.


Table B. Employment by frame, 2010-11 annual averages
---------------------------------------------------------------
                     |                   2010                 |
    Revenue or       |-----------------------------------------
    employment       | GGS in-scope |    GGS     |   Percent  |
     from GGS        |  employment* | employment |    of GGS  |
                     |              |            | employment |
---------------------------------------------------------------
0%                   |   17,696,984 |          0 |          0 |
between 0% and 100%  |    6,207,622 |  1,416,620 |       43.7 |
100%                 |    1,826,913 |  1,826,913 |       56.3 |
Total                |   25,731,519 |  3,243,533 |      100.0 |
---------------------------------------------------------------
                     |                      2011              |
    Revenue or       |-----------------------------------------
    employment       | GGS in-scope |    GGS     |   Percent  |
     from GGS        |  employment* | employment |    of GGS  |
                     |              |            | employment |
------------------------------------------------------------
0%                   |   17,497,369 |          0 |          0 |
between 0% and 100%  |    6,637,244 |  1,478,029 |       43.5 |
100%                 |    1,923,251 |  1,923,251 |       56.5 |
Total                |   26,057,864 |  3,401,279 |      100.0 |
---------------------------------------------------------------
  *GGS in-scope employment is the total employment within
    industries that potentially produce green goods or
    provide green services, based on the Quarterly Census of
    Employment and Wages.
  NOTE: GGS Data for 2010 have been revised to incorporate
    methodological changes as explained in the Technical
    Note. Please also note data may not add to total due to
    rounding.


In 2011, the majority (56.5 percent) of GGS employment was found in
establishments that exclusively produced green goods and services;
these establishments had 1,923,251 GGS jobs. Establishments that
produced a mix of green and non-green goods and services had 1,478,029
GGS jobs in the same time period. Establishments that produced no
green goods or services (i.e., no revenue or employment was associated
with green goods and services in those establishments) accounted for
67.1 percent of employment within the GGS scope. (See table B.)

For More Information

The tables and charts included in this release contain data for the
nation and for the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Data for
2011 green employment levels and percents for all states are provided
in tables 4, 5, and 6 of this release. For additional information
about the Green Goods and Services data, please read the Technical
Note. Further information about the GGS data may be obtained by
calling (202) 691-5185 or by accessing the GGS web page at
www.bls.gov/ggs.

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|        Revisions to the Green Goods and Services Data           |
|                                                                 |      
|Effective with this release, the Bureau of Labor Statistics made |
|improvements to the Green Goods and Services (GGS) estimation    |
|procedures. The estimates for 2010 have been revised to include  |
|these improvements. In addition, the 2010 GGS data have been     |
|revised to reflect the 2012 version of the North American        |
|Industry Classification System (NAICS). These revisions enable   |
|comparisons between GGS series from 2010 to those for 2011. For  |
|more information, please see the Technical Note and              |
|http://www.bls.gov/ggs/ggsoverview.htm#technote.                 |
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Technical Note

 This  release  presents  statistics from  the  Green  Goods  and
Services  program (GGS). GGS employment level and rate  estimates
are published by state, ownership, and industry. Data for GGS are
collected and compiled by the Bureau of Labor Statistics  from  a
sample  of  business  and government establishments  in  selected
industries with workers covered by state and federal unemployment
insurance  (UI) legislation provided by State Workforce  Agencies
(SWAs).
 
Collection
 In  an  annual  survey  of  business  establishments,  data  are
collected  for employment, fiscal year, and the share of  revenue
or  employment  associated  with production  of  green  goods  or
services  at  the  establishment level. Data  collection  methods
include mail, computer-assisted telephone interviewing, web,  and
fax.
 
Coverage
 BLS  sampled  from 325 North American Industrial  Classification
System  (NAICS) industries identified as potential  producers  or
providers of green goods and services. The GGS survey covers  all
private  establishments in these industries, such  as  factories,
offices,  and  stores,  as  well as  federal,  state,  and  local
government  entities  in  the  50  states  and  the  District  of
Columbia.
 
Concepts
 Green  Goods and Services. Green goods and services are  defined
as  goods and services produced by an establishment that  benefit
the  environment or conserve natural resources. Green  goods  and
services fall into one or more of the following five groups:  (1)
production   of  energy  from  renewable  sources;   (2)   energy
efficiency;  (3) pollution reduction and removal, greenhouse  gas
reduction,  and  recycling  and  reuse;  (4)  natural   resources
conservation;  and  (5) environmental compliance,  education  and
training, and public awareness.
 
 Industry  classification. The industry classifications  in  this
release  are  in accordance with the 2012 version  of  the  North
American  Industry Classification System (NAICS).  Only  the  325
industries  identified  by  BLS  as  producing  green  goods  and
providing  green services are included in the scope  of  the  GGS
survey.  To  ensure  the highest possible quality  of  data,  the
Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW) program  verifies
with  employers  and  updates,  if  necessary,  the  NAICS  code,
location, and ownership classification of all establishments on a
3-year  cycle. Changes in establishment characteristics resulting
from  the  verification process are annually introduced into  the
GGS sampling frame.
 
 Green  Goods  and  Services jobs. GGS jobs are those  associated
with  producing  green  goods or providing green  services.  Some
businesses  produce multiple products and services where  one  or
more may be included in the BLS definition. For these cases,  BLS
determined  from  prior  research  that  businesses  often   have
difficulty providing employment associated with the production of
green  goods and services, while information on the revenue  from
the sale of the green goods or services is more readily available
and less burdensome for the respondent to provide. The percentage
of the establishment's revenue related to sale of green goods and
services  is  used  to estimate GGS jobs, which  are  defined  as
employment related to the production of green goods and  services
at  the  establishment level. Sampled establishments that do  not
generate  revenue  are  asked  to  report  the  share  of   their
employment  involved  with  the production  of  green  goods  and
services.  For  example,  employment  related  to  research   and
development,  non-profit organizations, government agencies,  and
new  businesses  may  provide green goods  and  services  without
generating income.
 
 Employment.  Employment  includes persons  on  the  payroll  who
worked  or  received  pay for the pay period  that  includes  the
twelfth   day  of  the  reference  month.  Full-time,  part-time,
permanent,  short-term, seasonal, salaried, and hourly  employees
are  included, as are employees on paid vacations or  other  paid
leave.  Proprietors  or  partners of  unincorporated  businesses,
unpaid  family  workers, or persons on leave without  pay  or  on
strike  for  the entire pay period, are not counted as  employed.
Employees of temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies,
outside  contractors,  and  consultants  are  counted  by   their
employer  of  record,  not by the establishment  where  they  are
working.  The  monthly employment figure provided by  respondents
will  be  compared to employment data BLS has on file as part  of
the QCEW program, which comprise BLS’ business register, in order
to   verify  that  data  are  being  collected  for  the  correct
establishment.
 
 Estimates. Estimates of GGS employment and GGS percent of  total
QCEW employment are released with the annual GGS news release.
 
Sample and estimation methodology
 Sample.  BLS  selects approximately 120,000  GGS  establishments
per year from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW)
program.  This  program includes all employers subject  to  state
Unemployment Insurance (UI) laws and federal agencies subject  to
Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees (UCFE).  Most  of
these  establishments are selected from the second  quarter  QCEW
sample frame, while a small sample of new business establishments
is  selected from the fourth quarters. The sample is designed  to
estimate  GGS  employment  at both national  industry  and  state
industry sector levels of detail.
 The  GGS  sample  is divided into three panels, each  containing
approximately 40,000 sample units. Two of the three panel samples
overlap  with the previous year's sample to produce estimates  of
change  in  green  employment.  A new  sample  is  allocated  and
selected from the panel that does not overlap.
 
 Estimation.  A  Horvitz-Thompson estimator is used  to  estimate
GGS  employment,  based  on an establishment's  12-month  average
employment  over  the  reference period, percent  of  revenue  or
employment associated with green goods and services, and sampling
weight.   The  12-month  average  employment  is  obtained   from
corresponding   QCEW  files  and  is  known  for   each   sampled
establishments.
 GGS percentage estimates are relative to the QCEW employment  of
all  industries  contained within a particular estimation  cell's
NAICS  code,  not  only the 325 industries included  in  the  GGS
scope.  For  GGS  employment percentages,  the  estimate  of  GGS
employment  is divided by the 12-month average of QCEW employment
over the reference period.
 
 Reliability.  GGS  estimates are subject to  both  sampling  and
nonsampling error. Sampling error arises from selecting a  sample
of  establishments rather than the entire business population. To
measure  this  error,  GGS uses a balanced  repeated  replication
technique to calculate standard errors. Given the standard  error
for  an  estimate, an approximate 90 percent confidence  interval
can  be  constructed by adding and subtracting  1.645  times  the
standard error from the estimate.
 The  standard  error of the estimated total  GGS  employment  is
approximately 34,000. The standard error of over the year  change
in total GGS employment is about 36,000.
 The  standard  error of the estimated rate of GGS employment  is
approximately 0.03 percent. The standard error of over  the  year
change in rate of GGS employment is about 0.03 percent.
 Nonsampling error arises from various sources, such as
establishments failing to respond or misreporting data, coding
and data processing errors, and population coverage. Since GGS
only samples establishments in 325 industries predetermined to
potentially have GGS employment, any green goods and services
produced or provided in other industries is not captured. GGS is
also subject to errors in the sampling frame, in which some
establishments’ industry codes may be misclassified.

 Specialized  Procedures. GGS sampling methodology is coordinated
with  the  Occupational  Employment Statistics  survey.  Sampling
overlap  between  the  two  surveys is maximized  for  additional
inference  to  be  made  about  green  staffing  patterns.   Such
inferences are not included as part of this GGS release.

Methodological changes
 NAICS  2012 Conversion. The original survey estimates  for  2010
were  based  on the 2007 NAICS classification. In that  reference
period,  data were collected for industries defined  in  the  GGS
scope  according to their NAICS classification at that time.  The
2011 survey estimates are based on the 2012 NAICS classification,
which  impacted  the  scope  of the  GGS  survey.  Some  private-
ownership manufacturing industries that were not included in  the
2010  GGS scope combined with in-scope industries. Thus, for 2011
estimates,  some establishments that were previously out-of-scope
are included in the survey.  Revised 2010 estimates are based  on
the 2012 NAICS classification.
 
 Imputation.   Establishments that are  sampled  in  both  survey
years but only report usable data for one year are imputed. Three
methods are used to impute missing green percent values: hot deck
imputation; overlays; and mean imputation.

 Benchmarking.    Benchmarking   procedures   were   revised   to
incorporate ownership for both survey years.

 For  more  information. For more detailed information  on  these
methodological changes, please visit the Technical  Note  section
of the GGS web page at www.bls.gov\ggs.
 
Other information
 Information  in this release will be made available  to  sensory
impaired  individuals upon request. Voice phone: (202)  691-5200;
Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.

Table 1. Green Goods and Services (GGS) employment by industry sector, annual averages

Industry	NAICS(1)	GGS employment(2)		GGS percent(3)		GGS employment change from: 2010 - 2011
		2010	2011	2010	2011
Total, all industries		3,243,533	3,401,279	2.5	2.6	157,746
Total private		2,342,562	2,515,200	2.2	2.3	172,638
Natural resources and mining	11,21	63,344	64,689	3.5	3.4	1,345
Utilities	22	69,031	71,129	12.5	12.9	2,098
Construction	23	385,777	487,709	7.0	8.9	101,932
Manufacturing	31-33	492,985	507,168	4.3	4.3	14,183
Trade	42,44-45	205,567	223,079	1.0	1.1	17,512
Transportation and warehousing	48-49	242,137	238,755	6.1	5.9	-3,382
Information	51	33,321	29,412	1.2	1.1	-3,909
Financial activities	52,53	462	475	0.0	0.0	13
Professional, scientific, and technical services	54	355,386	381,981	4.8	5.0	26,595
Management of companies and enterprises	55	62,630	69,310	3.4	3.6	6,680
Administrative and waste services	56	330,650	335,417	4.5	4.3	4,767
Education and health services	61,62	28,789	26,123	0.2	0.1	-2,666
Leisure and hospitality	71,72	20,642	23,696	0.2	0.2	3,054
Other services, except public administration	81	51,841	56,257	1.2	1.3	4,416
Federal government		208,744	213,340	7.0	7.5	4,596
State government		256,224	248,539	5.6	5.5	-7,685
Local government		436,002	424,201	3.1	3.1	-11,801
Footnotes (1) North American Industry Classification System, 2012. (2) GGS employment is the number of jobs related to the production of Green Goods and Services. (3) GGS percent is the percentage of the GGS employment compared to the total employment. This value is derived by dividing the GGS employment by the total employment.
NOTE: GGS data for 2010 have been revised to incorporate methodological changes explained in the Technical Note. Please also note data may not add to total due to rounding.

Table 2. Green Goods and Services (GGS) employment by industry sector in government, annual averages

Industry	NAICS(1)	Federal government				State government				Local government
		2010		2011		2010		2011		2010		2011
		GGS employment(2)	GGS percent(3)	GGS employment(2)	GGS percent(3)	GGS employment(2)	GGS percent(3)	GGS employment(2)	GGS percent(3)	GGS employment(2)	GGS percent(3)	GGS employment(2)	GGS percent(3)
Total, all industries		208,744	7.0	213,340	7.5	256,224	5.6	248,539	5.5	436,002	3.1	424,201	3.1
Natural resources and mining	11,21	(4)-	(4)-	(4)-	(4)-	1,642	72.8	1,725	79.2	(4)-	(4)-	(4)-	(4)-
Utilities	22	7,931	58.7	7,218	52.0	(4)-	(4)-	(4)-	(4)-	98,990	40.8	93,644	38.9
Construction	23	(4)-	(4)-	(4)-	(4)-	(4)-	(4)-	(4)-	(4)-	(4)-	(4)-	1,242	1.2
Manufacturing	31-33	(4)-	(4)-	(4)-	(4)-	(4)-	(4)-	(4)-	(4)-	(4)-	(4)-	(4)-	(4)-
Trade	42,44-45	(4)-	(4)-	(4)-	(4)-	(4)-	(4)-	(4)-	(4)-	(4)-	(4)-	(4)-	(4)-
Transportation and warehousing	48-49	(4)-	(4)-	(4)-	(4)-	27,270	51.3	27,583	52.3	210,614	78.3	209,063	77.9
Information	51	(4)-	(4)-	(4)-	(4)-	(4)-	(4)-	516	7.4	4,099	3.2	3,644	2.8
Financial activities	52,53	(4)-	(4)-	(4)-	(4)-	(4)-	(4)-	(4)-	(4)-	(4)-	(4)-	(4)-	(4)-
Professional, scientific, and technical services	54	38,445	54.1	39,714	55.1	1,760	9.0	(4)-	(4)-	968	5.2	1,131	6.1
Administrative and waste services	56	(4)-	(4)-	(4)-	(4)-	(4)-	(4)-	(4)-	(4)-	33,345	46.7	32,577	46.4
Education and health services	61,62	(4)-	(4)-	(4)-	(4)-	43,201	1.7	42,423	1.7	9,463	0.1	10,020	0.1
Leisure and hospitality	71,72	21,848	36.4	21,489	36.5	9,450	38.8	9,024	38.8	21,499	5.5	20,596	5.3
Other services, except public administration	81	(4)-	(4)-	(4)-	(4)-	(4)-	(4)-	228	7.3	3,011	6.6	2,873	6.5
Public administration	92	134,903	8.0	139,884	8.8	171,244	9.2	164,952	9.0	52,886	1.3	49,229	1.3
Footnotes (1) North American Industry Classification System, 2012. (2) GGS employment is the number of jobs related to the production of Green Goods and Services. (3) GGS percent is the percentage of the GGS employment compared to the total employment. This value is derived by dividing the GGS employment by the total employment. (4) Data do not meet BLS disclosure standards.
NOTE: GGS data for 2010 have been revised to incorporate methodological changes explained in the Technical Note. Please also note data may not add to total due to rounding.

Table 3. Green Goods and Services (GGS) private sector employment by detailed industry, annual averages

Industry	NAICS(1)	GGS employment(2)		GGS percent(3)		GGS employment change from: 2010 - 2011
		2010	2011	2010	2011
Total private		2,342,562	2,515,200	2.2	2.3	172,638
Natural resources and mining	11,21	63,344	64,689	3.5	3.4	1,345
Crop production	111	36,703	36,796	6.9	6.9	93
Oilseed and grain farming	1111	3,934	4,775	9.3	10.6	841
Vegetable and melon farming	1112	10,045	10,701	10.7	11.3	656
Fruit and tree nut farming	1113	12,954	11,669	7.1	6.3	-1,285
Greenhouse and nursery production	1114	5,627	5,631	3.9	3.9	4
Other crop farming	1119	4,143	4,020	6.5	6.5	-123
Animal production and aquaculture	112	6,626	6,196	2.9	2.7	-430
Cattle ranching and farming	1121	3,800	3,421	2.9	2.5	-379
Hog and pig farming	1122	536	(4)-	1.9	(4)-	-
Poultry and egg production	1123	1,787	1,798	4.6	4.6	11
Sheep and goat farming	1124	(4)-	(4)-	(4)-	(4)-	-
Aquaculture	1125	382	426	6.5	7.5	44
Other animal production	1129	(4)-	(4)-	(4)-	(4)-	-
Forestry and logging	113	9,432	10,564	16.8	19.0	1,132
Timber tract operations	1131	1,061	1,292	29.7	35.6	231
Forest nursery and gathering forest products	1132	528	434	17.9	14.1	-94
Logging	1133	7,844	8,837	15.8	18.1	993
Agriculture and forestry support activities	115	10,583	11,133	3.2	3.3	550
Support activities for crop production	1151	5,395	5,761	1.9	2.0	366
Support activities for animal production	1152	(4)-	(4)-	(4)-	(4)-	-
Support activities for forestry	1153	(4)-	(4)-	(4)-	(4)-	-
Utilities	22	69,031	71,129	12.5	12.9	2,098
Utilities	221	69,031	71,129	12.5	12.9	2,098
Power generation and supply	2211	49,973	53,787	12.6	13.6	3,814
Electric power generation	22111	49,973	53,787	29.5	32.4	3,814
Hydroelectric power generation	221111	5,124	3,780	72.7	64.8	-1,344
Nuclear electric power generation	221113	39,818	44,054	75.7	83.6	4,236
Solar electric power generation	221114	(5)-	522	(5)-	97.9	-
Wind electric power generation	221115	(5)-	2,724	(5)-	91.7	-
Geothermal electric power generation	221116	(5)-	1,017	(5)-	96.9	-
Biomass electric power generation	221117	(5)-	1,166	(5)-	92.3	-
Other electric power generation	221118	(5)-	525	(5)-	65.8	-
Water, sewage and other systems	2213	19,058	17,342	40.8	37.0	-1,716
Water supply and irrigation systems	22131	11,995	10,248	32.0	27.2	-1,747
Sewage treatment facilities	22132	6,439	6,448	87.7	88.1	9
Steam and air-conditioning supply	22133	624	646	32.2	34.6	22
Construction	23	385,777	487,709	7.0	8.9	101,932
Construction of buildings	236	78,113	117,263	6.4	9.7	39,150
Residential building construction	2361	31,498	57,016	5.5	10.1	25,518
Nonresidential building construction	2362	46,615	60,247	7.2	9.3	13,632
Heavy and civil engineering construction	237	44,560	49,613	5.5	6.0	5,053
Utility system construction	2371	34,642	39,330	9.1	9.9	4,688
Land subdivision	2372	1,889	1,664	3.7	3.7	-225
Other heavy construction	2379	8,028	8,618	8.5	9.1	590
Specialty trade contractors	238	263,105	320,833	7.6	9.3	57,728
Building foundation and exterior contractors	2381	39,585	51,190	5.9	7.7	11,605
Building equipment contractors	2382	164,809	194,476	10.1	11.9	29,667
Building finishing contractors	2383	38,185	49,119	6.0	7.9	10,934
Other specialty trade contractors	2389	20,526	26,049	4.0	5.0	5,523
Manufacturing	31-33	492,985	507,168	4.3	4.3	14,183
Textile product mills	314	10,484	10,131	8.8	8.6	-353
Textile furnishings mills	3141	(6)9,461	9,271	(6)16.5	17.0	(6)-190
Other textile product mills	3149	1,023	859	1.7	1.4	-164
Wood product mfg.	321	33,838	33,052	10.0	9.8	-786
Sawmills and wood preservation	3211	498	323	0.6	0.4	-175
Plywood and engineered wood product mfg.	3212	6,545	6,840	10.4	11.2	295
Plywood and engineered wood product mfg.	32121	6,545	6,840	10.4	11.2	295
Hardwood veneer and plywood mfg.	321211	1,516	1,992	10.3	13.2	476
Softwood veneer and plywood mfg.	321212	(4)-	658	(4)-	4.9	-
Engineered wood member mfg.	321213	(4)-	345	(4)-	8.6	-
Truss mfg.	321214	997	1,158	5.5	6.8	161
Reconstituted wood product mfg.	321219	2,929	2,687	23.8	22.8	-242
Other wood product mfg.	3219	26,795	25,888	13.8	13.5	-907
Millwork	32191	20,839	21,970	22.7	24.9	1,131
Wood window and door mfg.	321911	18,055	19,041	40.1	44.8	986
Other millwork, including flooring	321918	2,783	2,928	7.9	8.6	145
All other wood product mfg.	32199	5,956	3,919	11.6	7.7	-2,037
Manufactured home, mobile home, mfg.	321991	3,803	2,114	19.9	11.7	-1,689
Prefabricated wood building mfg.	321992	2,154	1,805	16.1	14.2	-349
Paper mfg.	322	33,853	32,032	8.6	8.3	-1,821
Pulp, paper, and paperboard mills	3221	33,853	32,032	30.3	29.3	-1,821
Pulp mills	32211	1,208	1,078	20.3	18.0	-130
Paper mills	32212	19,669	18,167	25.9	24.5	-1,502
Paper, except newsprint, mills	322121	17,052	15,552	25.0	23.3	-1,500
Newsprint mills	322122	2,617	2,615	33.6	34.8	-2
Paperboard mills	32213	12,976	12,787	43.6	43.7	-189
Petroleum and coal products mfg.	324	3,244	3,278	2.9	3.0	34
Petroleum and coal products mfg.	3241	3,244	3,278	2.9	3.0	34
Chemical mfg.	325	23,124	24,733	2.9	3.2	1,609
Basic chemical mfg.	3251	10,600	10,842	7.5	7.6	242
Agricultural chemical mfg.	3253	639	518	1.8	1.4	-121
Paint, coating, and adhesive mfg.	3255	3,674	4,131	6.6	7.2	457
Paint and coating mfg.	32551	2,731	3,078	7.5	8.2	347
Adhesive mfg.	32552	943	1,053	4.9	5.3	110
Soap, cleaning compound, and toiletry mfg.	3256	2,228	2,601	2.2	2.6	373
Soap and cleaning compound mfg.	32561	2,228	2,601	4.3	5.0	373
Soap and other detergent mfg.	325611	674	806	2.8	3.4	132
Polish and other sanitation good mfg.	325612	1,553	1,795	6.8	7.7	242
Other chemical product and preparation mfg.	3259	5,983	6,641	7.1	7.8	658
Printing ink mfg.	32591	1,357	1,400	14.3	14.9	43
All other chemical preparation mfg.	32599	4,626	5,241	6.8	7.7	615
Custom compounding of purchased resins	325991	1,597	1,968	10.5	12.7	371
Other miscellaneous chemical product mfg.	325998	3,029	3,273	8.9	9.3	244
Plastics and rubber products mfg.	326	32,407	33,421	5.2	5.3	1,014
Plastics product mfg.	3261	27,768	28,660	5.5	5.7	892
Other plastics product mfg.	32619	27,768	28,660	10.2	10.5	892
Plastics plumbing fixture mfg.	326191	409	801	3.3	6.7	392
All other plastics product mfg.	326199	(6)27,359	27,860	(6)10.6	10.6	(6)501
Rubber product mfg.	3262	4,639	4,760	3.8	3.8	121
Tire mfg.	32621	3,008	3,221	5.8	6.0	213
Tire retreading	326212	3,008	3,221	45.4	46.4	213
Other rubber product mfg.	32629	1,631	1,539	3.4	3.0	-92
All other rubber product mfg.	326299	1,631	1,539	7.0	6.2	-92
Nonmetallic mineral product mfg.	327	29,710	29,885	8.1	8.2	175
Clay product and refractory mfg.	3271	(6)4,878	4,706	(6)12.1	11.6	(6)-172
Glass and glass product mfg.	3272	7,991	9,079	10.1	11.4	1,088
Cement and concrete product mfg.	3273	9,963	9,495	5.9	5.8	-468
Lime and gypsum product mfg.	3274	2,397	2,433	17.8	18.3	36
Other nonmetallic mineral products	3279	4,481	4,172	6.9	6.3	-309
All other nonmetallic mineral products mfg.	32799	4,481	4,172	8.0	7.4	-309
Mineral wool mfg.	327993	3,597	3,311	22.3	20.8	-286
Miscellaneous nonmetallic mineral products	327999	884	861	8.1	7.8	-23
Primary metal mfg.	331	64,859	63,292	18.0	16.3	-1,567
Iron and steel mills and ferroalloy mfg.	3311	(6)37,831	33,812	(6)44.1	36.9	(6)-4,019
Alumina and aluminum production	3313	(6)8,316	8,200	(6)15.4	14.4	(6)-116
Other nonferrous metal production	3314	(6)9,788	10,493	(6)16.9	17.2	(6)705
Foundries	3315	8,925	10,787	8.0	8.9	1,862
Fabricated metal product mfg.	332	31,476	30,310	2.5	2.3	-1,166
Forging and stamping	3321	1,565	1,527	1.8	1.6	-38
Architectural and structural metals mfg.	3323	21,720	21,792	6.8	6.6	72
Plate work and fabricated structural products	33231	9,508	9,124	6.5	6.0	-384
Fabricated structural metal mfg.	332312	9,508	9,124	12.4	11.5	-384
Ornamental and architectural metal products	33232	12,213	12,668	7.1	7.2	455
Metal window and door mfg.	332321	12,213	12,668	24.1	25.5	455
Other fabricated metal product mfg.	3329	8,190	6,991	3.3	2.8	-1,199
Metal valve mfg.	33291	7,201	6,273	9.0	7.6	-928
Industrial valve mfg.	332911	3,597	3,579	15.5	14.8	-18
Plumbing fixture fitting and trim mfg.	332913	1,716	1,608	17.8	17.2	-108
Other metal valve and pipe fitting mfg.	332919	1,888	1,085	11.6	6.9	-803
All other fabricated metal product mfg.	33299	989	718	0.6	0.4	-271
Fabricated pipe and pipe fitting mfg.	332996	989	718	3.6	2.4	-271
Machinery mfg.	333	67,057	69,097	6.8	6.6	2,040
Ag., construction, and mining machinery mfg.	3331	(4)-	(4)-	(4)-	(4)-	-
Commercial and service industry machinery	3333	(6)10,618	10,577	(6)11.5	11.5	(6)-41
HVAC and commercial refrigeration equipment	3334	41,412	42,242	32.9	32.7	830
HVAC and commercial refrigeration equipment	33341	41,412	42,242	32.9	32.7	830
Fan, blower, air purification equipment mfg.	333413	8,502	9,000	32.5	32.9	498
Heating equipment, except warm air furnaces	333414	5,550	5,736	34.8	33.3	186
AC, refrigeration, and forced air heating	333415	27,360	27,507	32.7	32.5	147
Metalworking machinery mfg.	3335	(4)-	(4)-	(4)-	(4)-	-
Turbine and power transmission equipment mfg.	3336	14,328	15,540	15.7	15.7	1,212
Turbine and power transmission equipment mfg.	33361	14,328	15,540	15.7	15.7	1,212
Turbine and turbine generator set units mfg.	333611	13,400	14,439	50.3	49.7	1,039
Engine and power transmission equipment mfg., excl. turbine mfg.	333612,3	928	1,100	3.8	4.1	172
Computer and electronic product mfg.	334	65,759	74,105	6.0	6.7	8,346
Computer and peripheral equipment mfg.	3341	23,706	24,723	14.9	15.7	1,017
Communications equipment mfg.	3342	2,827	2,688	2.4	2.3	-139
Audio and video equipment mfg.	3343	628	770	3.1	3.9	142
Semiconductor and electronic component mfg.	3344	22,491	27,454	6.1	7.2	4,963
Electronic instrument mfg.	3345	16,107	18,470	4.0	4.6	2,363
Electronic instrument mfg.	33451	16,107	18,470	4.0	4.6	2,363
Automatic environmental control mfg.	334512	2,310	2,515	12.7	14.0	205
Industrial process variable instruments	334513	4,584	5,528	8.2	9.5	944
Totalizing fluid meters and counting devices	334514	2,488	3,302	23.0	30.0	814
Electricity and signal testing instruments	334515	2,736	3,015	6.8	7.2	279
Analytical laboratory instrument mfg.	334516	1,813	1,764	5.9	5.6	-49
Other measuring and controlling device mfg.	334519	(6)2,176	2,346	(6)6.6	7.1	(6)170
Electrical equipment and appliance mfg.	335	41,865	45,998	11.8	12.6	4,133
Electric lighting equipment mfg.	3351	11,214	13,030	24.8	28.9	1,816
Electric lamp bulb and part mfg.	33511	3,844	4,058	42.4	45.5	214
Lighting fixture mfg.	33512	7,371	8,971	20.4	24.7	1,600
Residential electric lighting fixture mfg.	335121	885	956	10.8	11.9	71
Nonresidential electric lighting fixture mfg.	335122	4,618	5,726	24.2	29.7	1,108
Other lighting equipment mfg.	335129	1,868	2,289	21.0	25.8	421
Household appliance mfg.	3352	13,879	14,859	23.7	26.4	980
Small electrical appliance mfg.	33521	(4)-	(4)-	(4)-	(4)-	-
Major appliance mfg.	33522	(4)-	(4)-	(4)-	(4)-	-
Household cooking appliance mfg.	335221	(4)-	(4)-	(4)-	(4)-	-
Household refrigerator and home freezer mfg.	335222	(4)-	3,443	(4)-	25.8	-
Household laundry equipment mfg.	335224	(4)-	(4)-	(4)-	(4)-	-
Other major household appliance mfg.	335228	(4)-	(4)-	(4)-	(4)-	-
Electrical equipment mfg.	3353	8,036	9,222	6.0	6.7	1,186
Electrical equipment mfg.	33531	8,036	9,222	6.0	6.7	1,186
Electric power and specialty transformer mfg.	335311	3,979	4,328	16.6	18.0	349
Motor and generator mfg.	335312	4,057	4,894	10.5	12.3	837
Other electrical equipment and component mfg.	3359	8,736	8,887	7.4	7.1	151
Battery mfg.	33591	4,590	4,642	19.1	17.7	52
Storage battery mfg.	335911	(4)-	(4)-	(4)-	(4)-	-
Primary battery mfg.	335912	(4)-	(4)-	(4)-	(4)-	-
Other electrical equipment and component mfg.	33599	4,147	4,245	12.5	12.0	98
Miscellaneous electrical equipment mfg.	335999	4,147	4,245	15.7	15.2	98
Transportation equipment mfg.	336	43,243	45,367	3.3	3.3	2,124
Motor vehicle mfg.	3361	12,740	11,888	8.3	7.4	-852
Motor vehicle parts mfg.	3363	(6)22,615	25,490	(6)5.4	5.7	(6)2,875
Railroad rolling stock mfg.	3365	(4)-	(4)-	(4)-	(4)-	-
Ship and boat building	3366	(4)-	(4)-	(4)-	(4)-	-
Furniture and related product mfg.	337	12,066	12,469	3.4	3.6	403
Office furniture and fixtures mfg.	3372	9,585	9,779	10.0	10.0	194
Other furniture related product mfg.	3379	2,481	2,690	6.8	7.6	209
Trade	42,44-45	205,567	223,079	1.0	1.1	17,512
Merchant wholesalers, durable goods	423	94,916	104,913	3.5	3.8	9,997
Misc. durable goods merchant wholesalers	4239	94,916	104,913	34.4	36.1	9,997
Miscellaneous store retailers	453	110,651	118,166	14.3	15.2	7,515
Used merchandise stores	4533	110,651	118,166	88.2	88.7	7,515
Transportation and warehousing	48-49	242,137	238,755	6.1	5.9	-3,382
Water transportation	483	2,393	2,180	3.8	3.4	-213
Sea, coastal, and Great Lakes transportation	4831	1,751	1,586	4.7	4.1	-165
Inland water transportation	4832	642	595	2.6	2.4	-47
Transit and ground passenger transportation	485	239,744	236,574	57.2	55.0	-3,170
Urban transit systems	4851	34,935	34,956	84.7	84.5	21
Interurban and rural bus transportation	4852	11,528	11,494	62.7	62.5	-34
School and employee bus transportation	4854	167,924	166,916	91.9	90.9	-1,008
Charter bus industry	4855	17,326	15,194	58.4	50.2	-2,132
Other ground passenger transportation	4859	8,030	8,014	10.1	9.5	-16
Information	51	33,321	29,412	1.2	1.1	-3,909
Publishing industries, except Internet	511	22,355	21,160	3.0	2.8	-1,195
Newspaper, book, and directory publishers	5111	12,118	11,025	2.4	2.3	-1,093
Software publishers	5112	10,237	10,135	4.0	3.8	-102
Motion picture and sound recording industries	512	(4)-	(4)-	(4)-	(4)-	-
Motion picture and video industries	5121	(4)-	(4)-	(4)-	(4)-	-
Broadcasting, except Internet	515	7,525	5,352	2.6	1.9	-2,173
Radio and television broadcasting	5151	(4)-	(4)-	(4)-	(4)-	-
Cable and other subscription programming	5152	(4)-	(4)-	(4)-	(4)-	-
Other information services	519	(4)-	(4)-	(4)-	(4)-	-
Other information services	5191	(4)-	(4)-	(4)-	(4)-	-
Financial activities	52,53	462	475	0.0	0.0	13
Securities, commodity contracts, investments	523	462	475	0.1	0.1	13
Professional and Technical Services	54	355,386	381,981	4.8	5.0	26,595
Professional and technical services	541	355,386	381,981	4.8	5.0	26,595
Legal services	5411	(4)-	(4)-	(4)-	(4)-	-
Architectural and engineering services	5413	184,628	192,393	14.4	14.9	7,765
Engineering services	54133	113,031	122,619	13.0	14.0	9,588
Architectural and related services excl. engineering services	54131,2,5,6,7,8	71,597	69,774	17.7	17.0	-1,823
Specialized design services	5414	3,088	3,077	2.7	2.7	-11
Computer systems design and related services	5415	54,792	67,348	3.8	4.4	12,556
Management and technical consulting services	5416	68,476	72,121	6.8	6.7	3,645
Scientific research and development services	5417	36,949	39,590	6.0	6.3	2,641
Research and development in the physical, engineering, and life sciences	54171	36,949	39,590	6.6	6.9	2,641
Physical, engineering and biological research	541711	3,680	3,884	2.7	2.8	204
Other physical and biological research	541712	33,268	35,706	7.8	8.2	2,438
Advertising, PR, and related services	5418	(4)-	(4)-	(4)-	(4)-	-
Other professional and technical services	5419	(4)-	(4)-	(4)-	(4)-	-
Management of companies and enterprises	55	62,630	69,310	3.4	3.6	6,680
Management of companies and enterprises	551	62,630	69,310	3.4	3.6	6,680
Management of companies and enterprises	5511	62,630	69,310	3.4	3.6	6,680
Administrative and waste services	56	330,650	335,417	4.5	4.3	4,767
Administrative and support services	561	24,963	20,440	0.4	0.3	-4,523
Travel arrangement and reservation services	5615	405	537	0.2	0.3	132
Services to buildings and dwellings	5617	24,557	19,903	1.4	1.1	-4,654
Waste management and remediation services	562	305,688	314,977	85.9	86.6	9,289
Waste collection	5621	124,712	131,048	89.8	90.1	6,336
Waste treatment and disposal	5622	89,090	87,951	93.2	93.1	-1,139
Waste treatment and disposal	56221	89,090	87,951	93.2	93.1	-1,139
Hazardous waste treatment and disposal	562211	35,287	34,211	94.6	93.4	-1,076
Solid waste landfill	562212	35,485	35,039	94.0	93.2	-446
Solid waste combustors and incinerators	562213	5,854	5,555	95.2	96.8	-299
Other nonhazardous waste disposal	562219	12,465	13,146	86.7	90.6	681
Remediation and other waste services	5629	91,886	95,979	75.6	77.6	4,093
Remediation services	56291	57,474	58,251	75.5	75.9	777
Materials recovery facilities	56292	11,219	12,474	90.6	93.0	1,255
All other waste management services	56299	23,193	25,254	70.3	75.3	2,061
Septic tank and related services	562991	14,395	15,994	73.6	81.0	1,599
Miscellaneous waste management services	562998	8,798	9,260	65.5	67.2	462
Education and health services	61,62	28,789	26,123	0.2	0.1	-2,666
Educational services	611	28,789	26,123	1.2	1.0	-2,666
Leisure and hospitality	71,72	20,642	23,696	0.2	0.2	3,054
Museums, historical sites, zoos, and parks	712	20,642	23,696	16.2	18.1	3,054
Museums, historical sites, zoos, and parks	7121	20,642	23,696	16.2	18.1	3,054
Other services, except public administration	81	51,841	56,257	1.2	1.3	4,416
Repair and maintenance	811	21,134	22,100	1.9	1.9	966
Automotive repair and maintenance	8111	7,757	6,652	1.0	0.8	-1,105
Electronic equipment repair and maintenance	8112	5,247	4,857	5.4	4.9	-390
Commercial machinery repair and maintenance	8113	5,319	7,200	3.1	3.9	1,881
Household goods repair and maintenance	8114	2,811	3,391	4.2	5.0	580
Membership associations and organizations	813	30,707	34,157	2.3	2.6	3,450
Grantmaking and giving services	8132	2,817	3,662	2.3	2.9	845
Social advocacy organizations	8133	20,277	20,800	10.6	10.7	523
Professional and similar organizations	8139	7,613	9,695	1.8	2.3	2,082
Footnotes (1) North American Industry Classification System, 2012. (2) GGS employment is the number of jobs related to the production of Green Goods and Services. This table reflects private ownership only. (3) GGS percent is the percentage of the GGS employment compared to the total employment. This value is derived by dividing the GGS employment by the total employment. (4) Data do not meet BLS disclosure standards. (5) Estimate cannot be created due to the conversion from NAICS 2007 to NAICS 2012. (6) The 2012 NAICS conversion changed the GGS scope for this industry. BLS utilized backcasting to make the 2010 and 2011 estimates comparable. See the extended technical note for more detail.
NOTE: GGS data for 2010 have been revised to incorporate methodological changes explained in the Technical Note. Please also note data may not add to total due to rounding.

Table 4. Green Goods and Services (GGS) employment by state, annual averages

State	Total, all ownerships					Private ownership
	2010		2011		GGS employment change from: 2010 - 2011	2010		2011		GGS employment change from: 2010 - 2011
	GGS employment(1)	GGS percent(2)	GGS employment(1)	GGS percent(2)		GGS employment(1)	GGS percent(2)	GGS employment(1)	GGS percent(2)
United States	3,243,533	2.5	3,401,279	2.6	157,746	2,342,562	2.2	2,515,200	2.3	172,638
Alabama	51,372	2.8	54,077	3.0	2,705	36,215	2.5	39,703	2.7	3,488
Alaska	11,999	3.8	12,119	3.8	120	5,591	2.4	5,893	2.4	302
Arizona	43,161	1.8	48,851	2.1	5,690	33,181	1.7	39,535	2.0	6,354
Arkansas	32,311	2.8	33,420	2.9	1,109	24,509	2.6	26,351	2.8	1,842
California	342,879	2.4	360,245	2.5	17,366	239,416	2.0	268,486	2.2	29,070
Colorado	72,657	3.3	72,629	3.3	-28	53,895	3.0	52,859	2.9	-1,036
Connecticut	41,385	2.6	43,722	2.7	2,337	34,397	2.5	36,577	2.7	2,180
Delaware	8,973	2.2	9,872	2.4	899	6,440	1.9	7,331	2.1	891
District of Columbia	33,742	4.9	35,799	5.1	2,057	10,570	2.4	11,115	2.4	545
Florida	108,948	1.5	117,433	1.6	8,485	93,160	1.5	98,249	1.6	5,089
Georgia	79,680	2.1	84,356	2.2	4,676	58,987	1.9	64,205	2.0	5,218
Hawaii	15,528	2.6	17,596	3.0	2,068	9,483	2.0	11,425	2.4	1,942
Idaho	23,676	3.9	24,250	4.0	574	14,515	2.9	15,138	3.0	623
Illinois	134,153	2.4	136,447	2.5	2,294	103,244	2.2	105,751	2.2	2,507
Indiana	68,108	2.5	70,156	2.5	2,048	58,720	2.5	61,159	2.6	2,439
Iowa	40,540	2.8	43,791	3.0	3,251	32,946	2.7	35,879	2.9	2,933
Kansas	26,339	2.0	25,632	2.0	-707	19,126	1.8	19,097	1.8	-29
Kentucky	40,726	2.4	43,027	2.5	2,301	27,729	2.0	28,770	2.0	1,041
Louisiana	43,808	2.4	44,373	2.4	565	32,970	2.2	33,328	2.2	358
Maine	15,352	2.7	16,951	2.9	1,599	11,166	2.3	12,680	2.6	1,514
Maryland	77,346	3.2	91,489	3.7	14,143	50,880	2.6	63,638	3.2	12,758
Massachusetts	84,198	2.7	88,924	2.8	4,726	70,720	2.6	75,071	2.7	4,351
Michigan	85,228	2.3	82,644	2.1	-2,584	71,473	2.2	69,116	2.1	-2,357
Minnesota	78,709	3.1	75,302	2.9	-3,407	62,545	2.9	60,509	2.7	-2,036
Mississippi	21,167	2.0	21,933	2.0	766	14,780	1.8	16,114	1.9	1,334
Missouri	65,271	2.5	68,534	2.7	3,263	42,093	2.0	46,625	2.2	4,532
Montana	14,596	3.5	14,306	3.4	-290	8,709	2.6	8,211	2.4	-498
Nebraska	20,896	2.3	22,392	2.5	1,496	14,640	2.0	16,491	2.2	1,851
Nevada	21,360	1.9	21,861	2.0	501	13,676	1.4	15,569	1.6	1,893
New Hampshire	14,011	2.3	16,244	2.7	2,233	12,309	2.4	14,471	2.8	2,162
New Jersey	73,411	2.0	81,018	2.2	7,607	53,449	1.7	61,160	1.9	7,711
New Mexico	22,884	2.9	24,337	3.1	1,453	14,208	2.4	15,481	2.6	1,273
New York	255,315	3.1	266,308	3.2	10,993	141,307	2.0	156,397	2.2	15,090
North Carolina	101,415	2.7	108,094	2.8	6,679	77,036	2.5	83,017	2.6	5,981
North Dakota	8,783	2.4	9,481	2.5	698	5,972	2.1	6,891	2.2	919
Ohio	129,063	2.6	137,143	2.8	8,080	95,718	2.3	103,917	2.4	8,199
Oklahoma	25,893	1.7	29,035	1.9	3,142	16,800	1.4	20,343	1.7	3,543
Oregon	60,878	3.8	68,709	4.3	7,831	40,254	3.1	49,249	3.7	8,995
Pennsylvania	160,494	2.9	167,397	3.0	6,903	129,372	2.7	136,557	2.8	7,185
Rhode Island	12,420	2.8	12,327	2.7	-93	9,557	2.5	9,401	2.4	-156
South Carolina	43,592	2.5	44,210	2.5	618	32,591	2.3	33,002	2.3	411
South Dakota	10,078	2.6	10,578	2.7	500	6,325	2.0	6,865	2.1	540
Tennessee	68,145	2.7	71,111	2.7	2,966	50,132	2.3	53,979	2.5	3,847
Texas	233,304	2.3	227,532	2.2	-5,772	179,744	2.1	177,155	2.1	-2,589
Utah	27,544	2.4	27,864	2.4	320	17,844	1.9	17,098	1.8	-746
Vermont	11,483	3.9	12,159	4.1	676	9,080	3.8	9,571	3.9	491
Virginia	96,490	2.7	107,773	3.0	11,283	65,142	2.3	74,990	2.6	9,848
Washington	95,769	3.4	101,593	3.6	5,824	64,985	2.8	69,332	3.0	4,347
West Virginia	14,626	2.1	16,221	2.3	1,595	7,931	1.4	9,013	1.6	1,082
Wisconsin	63,754	2.4	69,647	2.6	5,893	52,328	2.3	57,318	2.5	4,990
Wyoming	10,071	3.7	10,369	3.8	298	4,700	2.3	5,117	2.4	417
Footnotes (1) GGS employment is the number of jobs related to the production of Green Goods and Services. (2) GGS percent is the percentage of the GGS employment compared to the total employment. This value is derived by dividing the GGS employment by the total employment.
NOTE: GGS data for 2010 have been revised to incorporate methodological changes explained in the Technical Note. Please also note data may not add to total due to rounding.

Table 5. Green Goods and Services (GGS) private sector employment percent by state and industry sector, 2011 annual averages(1)

State	Total private	Natural resources and mining	Utilities	Construction	Manufacturing	Trade	Transportation and warehousing	Information	Financial activities	Professional, scientific, and technical services	Management of companies and enterprises	Administrative and waste services	Education and health services	Leisure and hospitality	Other services, except public administration
United States	2.3	3.4	12.9	8.9	4.3	1.1	5.9	1.1	0.0	5.0	3.6	4.3	0.1	0.2	1.3
Alabama	2.7	6.2	(2)-	6.2	5.7	1.8	2.9	(2)-	(2)-	3.4	(2)-	5.5	(2)-	0.1	(2)-
Alaska	2.4	(2)-	11.3	8.1	(2)-	0.9	5.5	(2)-	(2)-	7.6	(2)-	12.0	(2)-	(2)-	3.7
Arizona	2.0	5.5	3.0	10.4	1.7	1.5	5.2	(2)-	(2)-	5.0	(2)-	2.8	(2)-	0.3	1.5
Arkansas	2.8	5.2	20.3	9.4	6.9	1.1	(2)-	(2)-	(2)-	4.6	(2)-	6.2	(2)-	(2)-	(2)-
California	2.2	4.1	13.6	9.7	2.9	1.1	3.5	(2)-	(2)-	4.1	(2)-	5.7	(2)-	0.3	1.3
Colorado	2.9	(2)-	7.0	8.0	5.1	1.6	3.9	4.5	(2)-	8.7	(2)-	6.3	(2)-	0.3	1.6
Connecticut	2.7	(2)-	26.2	10.3	3.2	0.8	20.5	(2)-	(2)-	7.4	(2)-	6.8	(2)-	0.3	(2)-
Delaware	2.1	(2)-	(2)-	10.2	4.4	(2)-	14.9	(2)-	(2)-	3.9	(2)-	4.0	(2)-	(2)-	1.7
District of Columbia	2.4	(3)-	(2)-	10.5	(2)-	(2)-	(2)-	(2)-	(2)-	5.8	(2)-	1.0	(2)-	(2)-	2.9
Florida	1.6	3.5	9.9	8.2	3.1	0.7	3.0	(2)-	(2)-	3.0	(2)-	3.3	(2)-	0.1	1.4
Georgia	2.0	6.4	13.3	8.1	5.0	1.1	1.4	(2)-	(2)-	3.8	(2)-	2.6	(2)-	0.3	3.3
Hawaii	2.4	(2)-	6.8	13.2	(2)-	1.2	9.1	(2)-	(2)-	7.7	(2)-	3.4	(2)-	0.2	0.9
Idaho	3.0	4.8	16.4	11.2	3.3	1.0	7.8	(2)-	(2)-	6.2	(2)-	5.7	(2)-	(2)-	(2)-
Illinois	2.2	2.4	(2)-	9.4	3.0	1.0	8.0	2.3	(2)-	3.8	(2)-	4.1	(2)-	(2)-	0.9
Indiana	2.6	5.8	6.0	10.0	4.6	1.9	1.9	2.3	(2)-	5.5	(2)-	3.8	(2)-	(2)-	1.3
Iowa	2.9	3.9	16.5	11.8	8.5	1.2	2.6	(2)-	(2)-	2.9	6.6	3.2	(2)-	(2)-	(2)-
Kansas	1.8	1.8	(2)-	6.0	2.5	1.0	6.6	(2)-	(2)-	4.0	(2)-	3.4	(2)-	(2)-	(2)-
Kentucky	2.0	(2)-	3.2	8.8	4.5	1.5	0.7	(2)-	(2)-	3.9	(2)-	4.9	(2)-	0.1	(2)-
Louisiana	2.2	2.1	24.1	4.4	2.9	0.9	3.1	(2)-	(2)-	4.5	(2)-	8.7	(2)-	(2)-	(2)-
Maine	2.6	11.0	37.7	9.9	3.4	1.1	6.5	(2)-	(2)-	10.0	(2)-	7.3	(2)-	0.1	2.1
Maryland	3.2	(2)-	(2)-	13.4	6.3	1.2	9.0	(2)-	(2)-	6.8	(2)-	5.3	(2)-	(2)-	1.1
Massachusetts	2.7	(2)-	9.2	7.7	3.7	0.7	15.9	4.4	(2)-	5.7	(2)-	5.5	1.2	0.2	1.8
Michigan	2.1	5.9	8.2	10.0	4.1	1.1	3.2	2.5	(2)-	3.3	4.0	3.7	(2)-	(2)-	1.1
Minnesota	2.7	5.1	5.7	10.1	5.8	1.1	12.6	(2)-	(2)-	6.7	(2)-	4.3	(2)-	(2)-	1.2
Mississippi	1.9	7.7	16.6	5.9	1.7	0.9	2.1	(2)-	(2)-	5.8	(2)-	5.3	(2)-	(2)-	1.6
Missouri	2.2	3.7	4.8	7.6	3.9	1.4	6.7	(2)-	(2)-	5.7	(2)-	4.5	(2)-	(2)-	0.9
Montana	2.4	2.2	(2)-	6.0	4.0	1.0	8.4	(2)-	(2)-	11.0	(2)-	6.6	(2)-	(2)-	2.5
Nebraska	2.2	3.3	(2)-	10.1	4.3	0.9	3.1	(2)-	(2)-	4.2	(2)-	4.3	(2)-	(2)-	(2)-
Nevada	1.6	(2)-	8.8	9.4	3.1	1.3	4.9	(2)-	(2)-	3.6	(2)-	3.0	(2)-	(2)-	1.3
New Hampshire	2.8	(2)-	42.6	8.4	5.0	0.9	19.6	(2)-	(2)-	6.6	(2)-	5.1	(2)-	(2)-	2.3
New Jersey	1.9	(2)-	15.5	8.1	2.5	0.8	12.0	(2)-	(2)-	3.4	(2)-	3.1	(2)-	0.1	(2)-
New Mexico	2.6	(2)-	3.1	11.8	3.4	1.0	11.3	(2)-	(2)-	6.4	(2)-	3.6	(2)-	0.1	3.5
New York	2.2	4.9	9.4	10.0	4.8	0.7	17.7	(2)-	(2)-	3.8	(2)-	4.3	(2)-	0.3	0.8
North Carolina	2.6	3.2	19.8	9.9	6.4	1.2	2.2	(2)-	(2)-	4.7	10.6	2.4	(2)-	(2)-	0.8
North Dakota	2.2	1.2	4.2	6.0	10.7	0.9	3.0	(2)-	(2)-	4.7	(2)-	5.5	(2)-	(2)-	(2)-
Ohio	2.4	(2)-	11.6	13.0	4.5	1.5	2.6	(2)-	(2)-	5.4	(2)-	4.5	(2)-	0.2	(2)-
Oklahoma	1.7	(2)-	2.5	8.8	5.7	1.2	(2)-	(2)-	(2)-	(2)-	(2)-	2.2	(2)-	(2)-	(2)-
Oregon	3.7	7.4	9.1	9.0	9.3	1.5	5.7	(2)-	(2)-	6.9	12.3	6.1	(2)-	0.2	3.1
Pennsylvania	2.8	1.8	20.7	6.1	6.3	1.0	11.9	(2)-	(2)-	5.6	7.5	5.7	(2)-	0.3	1.2
Rhode Island	2.4	(2)-	(2)-	6.3	5.1	1.3	18.1	(2)-	(2)-	8.3	(2)-	6.4	(2)-	(2)-	(2)-
South Carolina	2.3	7.6	32.1	8.3	4.1	1.0	2.1	(2)-	(2)-	4.5	(2)-	3.6	(2)-	0.1	1.0
South Dakota	2.1	6.8	5.9	7.8	4.5	1.1	7.1	(2)-	(2)-	(2)-	(2)-	6.3	(2)-	(2)-	2.2
Tennessee	2.5	4.2	6.0	6.5	7.4	1.4	2.8	(2)-	(2)-	5.9	(2)-	3.5	(2)-	0.2	0.9
Texas	2.1	0.8	10.2	8.2	3.3	1.1	2.6	2.1	(2)-	5.7	(2)-	3.2	(2)-	0.2	1.1
Utah	1.8	(2)-	6.1	4.1	3.0	0.8	1.0	(2)-	(2)-	3.5	(2)-	6.7	(2)-	(2)-	1.1
Vermont	3.9	10.2	(2)-	12.1	6.9	0.8	13.3	1.8	(2)-	13.5	(2)-	9.5	(2)-	(2)-	2.7
Virginia	2.6	(2)-	18.0	9.8	4.5	1.2	2.7	(2)-	(2)-	6.5	(2)-	3.5	(2)-	0.1	2.1
Washington	3.0	10.7	12.2	9.3	2.4	1.3	3.0	(2)-	(2)-	8.2	(2)-	9.4	(2)-	(2)-	1.7
West Virginia	1.6	(2)-	4.6	6.2	3.1	0.9	(2)-	1.7	(2)-	5.2	(2)-	6.1	(2)-	(2)-	1.7
Wisconsin	2.5	7.1	18.2	8.4	3.9	1.5	11.3	(2)-	(2)-	6.6	(2)-	2.6	(2)-	(2)-	(2)-
Wyoming	2.4	(2)-	4.2	8.3	3.7	1.2	(2)-	(2)-	(2)-	13.9	(2)-	7.9	(2)-	(2)-	2.7
Footnotes (1) GGS percent is the percentage of the GGS employment compared to the total employment. This value is derived by dividing the GGS employment (Table 6) by the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages twelve month average employment ending December 2011 for the corresponding state and industry sector. (2) Data do not meet BLS disclosure standards. (3) No private sector establishments are classified in this industry.
NOTE: Data may not add to total due to rounding.

Table 6. Green Goods and Services (GGS) private sector employment by state and industry sector, 2011 annual averages(1)

State	Total private	Natural resources and mining	Utilities	Construction	Manufacturing	Trade	Transportation and warehousing	Information	Financial activities	Professional, scientific, and technical services	Management of companies and enterprises	Administrative and waste services	Education and health services	Leisure and hospitality	Other services, except public administration
United States	2,515,200	64,689	71,129	487,709	507,168	223,079	238,755	29,412	475	381,981	69,310	335,417	26,123	23,696	56,257
Alabama	39,703	1,238	(2)-	4,988	13,518	5,237	1,432	(2)-	(2)-	3,165	(2)-	5,659	(2)-	217	(2)-
Alaska	5,893	(2)-	238	1,273	(2)-	376	1,052	(2)-	(2)-	1,097	(2)-	1,381	(2)-	(2)-	375
Arizona	39,535	1,962	359	11,517	2,501	5,953	3,466	(2)-	(2)-	6,165	(2)-	5,535	(2)-	701	1,018
Arkansas	26,351	1,105	1,457	4,424	11,019	1,900	(2)-	(2)-	(2)-	1,795	(2)-	3,464	(2)-	(2)-	(2)-
California	268,486	16,906	7,899	54,070	36,417	23,789	14,151	(2)-	(2)-	43,279	(2)-	50,022	(2)-	4,103	9,069
Colorado	52,859	(2)-	572	8,969	6,551	5,312	2,269	3,205	(2)-	14,900	(2)-	8,604	(2)-	685	1,066
Connecticut	36,577	(2)-	1,614	5,280	5,261	1,857	8,112	(2)-	(2)-	6,486	(2)-	5,478	(2)-	434	(2)-
Delaware	7,331	(2)-	(2)-	1,972	1,131	(2)-	1,327	(2)-	(2)-	1,009	(2)-	873	(2)-	(2)-	216
District of Columbia	11,115	(3)-	(2)-	1,265	(2)-	(2)-	(2)-	(2)-	(2)-	5,958	(2)-	438	(2)-	(2)-	1,839
Florida	98,249	3,028	2,219	27,289	9,615	8,482	6,230	(2)-	(2)-	13,278	(2)-	17,278	(2)-	1,247	3,370
Georgia	64,205	1,861	2,631	11,792	17,513	7,012	2,178	(2)-	(2)-	8,527	(2)-	7,008	(2)-	1,297	3,117
Hawaii	11,425	(2)-	227	3,743	(2)-	973	2,152	(2)-	(2)-	1,867	(2)-	1,501	(2)-	201	215
Idaho	15,138	1,174	460	3,292	1,818	1,021	1,302	(2)-	(2)-	1,966	(2)-	2,111	(2)-	(2)-	(2)-
Illinois	105,751	596	(2)-	18,351	17,089	9,084	17,625	2,290	(2)-	13,551	(2)-	15,423	(2)-	(2)-	1,870
Indiana	61,159	1,152	887	11,988	21,469	8,016	1,992	787	(2)-	5,438	(2)-	6,196	(2)-	(2)-	1,021
Iowa	35,879	735	1,088	7,353	17,525	2,854	1,371	(2)-	(2)-	1,249	974	2,154	(2)-	(2)-	(2)-
Kansas	19,097	340	(2)-	3,148	4,023	1,969	2,635	(2)-	(2)-	2,386	(2)-	2,560	(2)-	(2)-	(2)-
Kentucky	28,770	(2)-	208	5,935	9,651	4,011	593	(2)-	(2)-	2,718	(2)-	4,788	(2)-	149	(2)-
Louisiana	33,328	1,249	2,244	5,322	3,981	2,526	2,084	(2)-	(2)-	3,653	(2)-	7,901	(2)-	(2)-	(2)-
Maine	12,680	670	606	2,503	1,731	1,119	970	(2)-	(2)-	2,349	(2)-	1,946	(2)-	48	342
Maryland	63,638	(2)-	(2)-	19,243	7,081	4,243	5,672	(2)-	(2)-	15,573	(2)-	7,718	(2)-	(2)-	989
Massachusetts	75,071	(2)-	958	8,582	9,299	3,048	11,067	3,674	(2)-	14,736	(2)-	8,917	7,351	708	2,426
Michigan	69,116	1,921	1,575	12,467	20,650	6,389	3,025	1,342	(2)-	7,723	2,121	9,924	(2)-	(2)-	1,362
Minnesota	60,509	1,276	733	9,279	17,352	4,476	9,286	(2)-	(2)-	8,566	(2)-	5,557	(2)-	(2)-	991
Mississippi	16,114	1,501	1,287	2,900	2,276	1,478	805	(2)-	(2)-	1,832	(2)-	2,754	(2)-	(2)-	353
Missouri	46,625	558	598	7,858	9,575	5,663	5,336	(2)-	(2)-	7,029	(2)-	6,497	(2)-	(2)-	806
Montana	8,211	264	(2)-	1,351	671	738	910	(2)-	(2)-	2,090	(2)-	1,299	(2)-	(2)-	394
Nebraska	16,491	443	(2)-	4,100	4,005	1,346	1,200	(2)-	(2)-	1,795	(2)-	1,821	(2)-	(2)-	(2)-
Nevada	15,569	(2)-	367	4,899	1,166	2,051	2,261	(2)-	(2)-	1,674	(2)-	2,224	(2)-	(2)-	355
New Hampshire	14,471	(2)-	1,054	1,866	3,349	1,070	2,371	(2)-	(2)-	1,958	(2)-	1,464	(2)-	(2)-	455
New Jersey	61,160	(2)-	2,093	10,410	6,198	5,436	17,623	(2)-	(2)-	9,302	(2)-	7,647	(2)-	174	(2)-
New Mexico	15,481	(2)-	137	4,988	1,000	1,162	1,862	(2)-	(2)-	3,423	(2)-	1,514	(2)-	54	722
New York	156,397	1,369	3,507	30,657	21,719	8,785	38,670	(2)-	(2)-	21,830	(2)-	18,309	(2)-	2,025	2,486
North Carolina	83,017	997	2,400	17,154	27,616	7,097	2,329	(2)-	(2)-	8,804	8,196	6,017	(2)-	(2)-	742
North Dakota	6,891	240	142	1,461	2,538	628	426	(2)-	(2)-	595	(2)-	697	(2)-	(2)-	(2)-
Ohio	103,917	(2)-	2,234	22,893	28,771	11,659	4,121	(2)-	(2)-	13,152	(2)-	13,017	(2)-	1,204	(2)-
Oklahoma	20,343	(2)-	276	6,030	7,390	2,696	(2)-	(2)-	(2)-	(2)-	(2)-	2,110	(2)-	(2)-	(2)-
Oregon	49,249	3,430	407	6,067	15,564	3,870	2,640	(2)-	(2)-	5,075	3,730	5,092	(2)-	294	1,929
Pennsylvania	136,557	1,007	4,627	13,551	35,852	8,748	24,409	(2)-	(2)-	17,382	9,293	16,020	(2)-	1,336	2,259
Rhode Island	9,401	(2)-	(2)-	992	2,061	791	1,662	(2)-	(2)-	1,747	(2)-	1,490	(2)-	(2)-	(2)-
South Carolina	33,002	923	3,830	6,404	8,759	2,840	963	(2)-	(2)-	3,567	(2)-	4,832	(2)-	216	460
South Dakota	6,865	356	123	1,573	1,767	751	674	(2)-	(2)-	(2)-	(2)-	857	(2)-	(2)-	223
Tennessee	53,979	469	200	6,831	22,502	6,164	3,543	(2)-	(2)-	6,395	(2)-	6,401	(2)-	580	619
Texas	177,155	2,341	5,021	46,559	27,554	18,727	9,476	4,074	(2)-	33,558	(2)-	21,159	(2)-	1,574	3,299
Utah	17,098	(2)-	246	2,681	3,371	1,555	446	(2)-	(2)-	2,412	(2)-	4,840	(2)-	(2)-	342
Vermont	9,571	328	(2)-	1,701	2,133	399	901	90	(2)-	1,847	(2)-	915	(2)-	(2)-	233
Virginia	74,990	(2)-	1,955	17,382	10,367	6,218	2,587	(2)-	(2)-	25,584	(2)-	7,015	(2)-	430	2,632
Washington	69,332	9,846	588	11,797	6,291	5,540	2,415	(2)-	(2)-	13,405	(2)-	12,804	(2)-	(2)-	2,302
West Virginia	9,013	(2)-	251	2,054	1,536	1,044	(2)-	171	(2)-	1,290	(2)-	1,943	(2)-	(2)-	361
Wisconsin	57,318	1,796	1,978	7,755	17,398	6,026	9,770	(2)-	(2)-	6,300	(2)-	3,623	(2)-	(2)-	(2)-
Wyoming	5,117	(2)-	105	1,751	340	467	(2)-	(2)-	(2)-	1,264	(2)-	621	(2)-	(2)-	221
Footnotes (1) GGS employment is the number of jobs related to the production of Green Goods and Services. This table reflects private ownership only. (2) Data do not meet BLS disclosure standards. (3) No private sector establishments are classified in this industry.
NOTE: Data may not add to total due to rounding.