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For release 10:00 a.m. (EDT) Thursday, April 27, 2017 USDL-17-0477 Technical information: (202) 691-6378 * cpsinfo@bls.gov * www.bls.gov/cps Media contact: (202) 691-5902 * PressOffice@bls.gov COLLEGE ENROLLMENT AND WORK ACTIVITY OF 2016 HIGH SCHOOL GRADUATES (NOTE: This news release was reissued on Friday, November 17, 2017, to correct an error in the text. The number of 16- to 24-year-olds in the nation was incorrectly stated to be 22.1 million; the text was corrected to state that this was the number of 16- to 24-year-olds who were enrolled in high school or college.) In October 2016, 69.7 percent of 2016 high school graduates were enrolled in colleges or universities, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Recent high school graduates not enrolled in college in October 2016 were about twice as likely as enrolled graduates to be working or looking for work (72.3 percent, compared with 38.4 percent). Information on school enrollment and work activity is collected monthly in the Current Population Survey (CPS), a nationwide survey of about 60,000 households that provides information on employment and unemployment. Each October, a supplement to the CPS gathers more detailed information about school enrollment, such as full- and part-time enrollment status. Additional information about the October supplement is included in the Technical Note. Recent High School Graduates and Dropouts Of the 3.1 million youth age 16 to 24 who graduated from high school between January and October 2016, about 2.2 million (69.7 percent) were enrolled in college in October. The college enrollment rate of recent high school graduates in October 2016 was little changed from the rate in October 2015 (69.2 percent). For 2016 high school graduates, the college enrollment rate was 71.9 percent for young women and 67.4 percent for young men. The college enrollment rate of recent Asian graduates (92.4 percent) was higher than for their Hispanic (72.0 percent), White (69.7 percent), and Black (58.2 percent) counterparts. (See table 1.) The labor force participation rate (the proportion of the population working or looking for work) for recent high school graduates enrolled in college was 38.4 percent. The participation rates for male and female graduates enrolled in college were 41.5 percent and 35.7 percent, respectively. Among recent high school graduates enrolled in college in October 2016, about 9 in 10 were full-time students. Recent graduates enrolled as full-time students were about half as likely to be in the labor force (34.6 percent) as were their peers enrolled part time (77.1 percent). About 2 in 3 recent high school graduates enrolled in college attended 4-year colleges. Of these students, 31.5 percent participated in the labor force in October 2016, lower than the 51.8 percent for recent graduates enrolled in 2-year colleges. Recent high school graduates not enrolled in college in the fall of 2016 were much more likely than enrolled graduates to be in the labor force (72.3 percent, compared with 38.4 percent). The unemployment rate for recent high school graduates not enrolled in college was 19.3 percent, more than double the rate of 8.0 percent for recent graduates enrolled in college. Between October 2015 and October 2016, 513,000 young people dropped out of high school. The labor force participation rate for recent dropouts (50.9 percent) was lower than the rate for recent high school graduates not enrolled in college (72.3 percent). The jobless rate for recent high school dropouts was 31.9 percent in October 2016, higher than the rate for recent high school graduates not enrolled in college (19.3 percent). All Youth Enrolled in High School or College In October 2016, 57.5 percent of the nation's 16- to 24-year-olds, or 22.1 million, were enrolled in high school (9.5 million) or in college (12.5 million). The labor force participation rate (36.0 percent) and the unemployment rate (8.4 percent) for youth enrolled in school were both essentially unchanged from October 2015 to October 2016. (See table 2.) In October 2016, high school students continued to be less likely than college students to participate in the labor force (20.7 percent, compared with 47.7 percent). Female high school students were more likely to be in the labor force (23.5 percent) than their male counterparts (18.1 percent). Full-time college students were much less likely to participate in the labor force in October 2016 than were part-time students (42.3 percent versus 83.3 percent). Among college students, labor force participation was lower for Asians (31.2 percent) than for Blacks (45.0 percent), Hispanics (47.5 percent), and Whites (49.8 percent). Labor force participation rates for female and male college students were similar (48.3 percent and 47.0 percent, respectively). The unemployment rate for high school students, at 16.3 percent in October 2016, was almost three times the rate for college students (5.9 percent). Among Blacks, Whites, and Hispanics, unemployment rates were higher for high school students than for college students. All Youth Not Enrolled in School In October 2016, 16.3 million persons age 16 to 24 were not enrolled in school. The labor force participation rate of youth not enrolled in school, at 79.7 percent, was little changed over the year. Among youth not enrolled in school in October 2016, young men continued to be more likely than young women to participate in the labor force (83.7 percent, compared with 75.5 percent). Labor force participation rates for not-enrolled men and women were highest for those with a bachelor's degree or higher (92.9 percent and 91.9 percent, respectively) and lowest for men and women with less than a high school diploma (69.6 percent and 47.4 percent, respectively). (See table 2.) The unemployment rate for youth age 16 to 24 not enrolled in school, at 11.2 percent, was little changed over the year. Among not-enrolled youth who did not have a high school diploma, unemployment rates in October 2016 were 24.0 percent for young men and 20.7 percent for young women. In contrast, the jobless rates of young men and women with at least a bachelor's degree were 8.3 percent and 5.1 percent, respectively. Black youth not enrolled in school had an unemployment rate of 20.4 percent in October 2016, higher than the rates for their Hispanic (10.5 percent), White (9.4 percent), and Asian (7.7 percent) counterparts.
Technical Note The estimates in this release were obtained from a supplement to the October 2016 Current Population Survey (CPS), a monthly survey of about 60,000 eligible households that provides information on the labor force, employment, and unemployment for the nation. The survey is conducted monthly for the Bureau of Labor Statistics by the U.S. Census Bureau. Data in this release relate to the school enrollment status of persons 16 to 24 years of age in the civilian noninstitutional population in the calendar week that includes the 12th of October. Updated population controls for the CPS are introduced annually with the release of January data. Additional information about population controls is available on the BLS website at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#pop. Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339. Reliability of the estimates Statistics based on the CPS are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample, rather than the entire population, is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the true population values they represent. The component of this difference that occurs because samples differ by chance is known as sampling error, and variability is measured by the standard error, and variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence. The CPS data also are affected by nonsampling error. Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the population, inability to obtain information for all respondents in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information, and errors made in the collection or processing of the data. Additional information about the reliability of data from the CPS and estimating standard errors is available at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#reliability. Concepts The principal concepts used in connection with the school enrollment series are described briefly below. School enrollment. Respondents were asked whether they were currently enrolled in a regular school, including day or night school in any type of public, parochial, or other private school. Regular schooling is that which may advance a person toward a high school diploma or a college, university, or professional degree. Such schools include elementary schools, junior or senior high schools, and colleges and universities. Other schooling, including trade schools; on-the-job training; and courses that do not require physical presence in school, such as correspondence courses or other courses of independent study, is included only if the credits granted count towards promotion in regular school. Full-time and part-time enrollment in college. College students are classified as attending full time if they were taking 12 hours of classes or more (or 9 hours of graduate classes) during an average school week and as part time if they were taking fewer hours. High school graduation status. Persons who were not enrolled in school at the time of the survey were asked whether they had graduated from high school. Those who had graduated were asked when they completed their high school education. Persons who had not graduated, that is, school dropouts, were asked when they last attended a regular school. Those who were enrolled in college at the time of the survey also were asked when they graduated from high school. Recent high school graduates. Persons who completed high school in the calendar year of the survey (January through October) are recent high school graduates. Recent high school dropouts. Persons who were not enrolled in school at the time of the survey, attended school a year earlier, and did not have a high school diploma are recent dropouts.
Characteristic | Civilian noninsti- tutional population |
Civilian labor force | Not in labor force |
|||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | Percent of population |
Employed | Unemployed | |||||
Total | Percent of population |
Number | Rate | |||||
RECENT HIGH SCHOOL GRADUATES |
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Total, 2016 high school graduates(1) |
3,137 | 1,526 | 48.7 | 1,327 | 42.3 | 199 | 13.1 | 1,610 |
Men |
1,517 | 811 | 53.4 | 685 | 45.2 | 126 | 15.5 | 706 |
Women |
1,620 | 716 | 44.2 | 642 | 39.6 | 74 | 10.3 | 904 |
White |
2,326 | 1,140 | 49.0 | 1,034 | 44.5 | 106 | 9.3 | 1,186 |
Black or African American |
409 | 250 | 61.1 | 172 | 42.0 | 78 | 31.3 | 159 |
Asian |
158 | 32 | 20.2 | 29 | 18.4 | 3 | - | 126 |
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity |
742 | 295 | 39.7 | 264 | 35.5 | 32 | 10.7 | 447 |
Enrolled in College |
||||||||
Total, enrolled in college |
2,188 | 840 | 38.4 | 773 | 35.3 | 67 | 8.0 | 1,348 |
Enrolled in 2-year college |
744 | 386 | 51.8 | 349 | 47.0 | 36 | 9.4 | 359 |
Enrolled in 4-year college |
1,444 | 455 | 31.5 | 424 | 29.4 | 31 | 6.8 | 989 |
Full-time students |
1,992 | 689 | 34.6 | 632 | 31.7 | 58 | 8.4 | 1,303 |
Part-time students |
196 | 151 | 77.1 | 142 | 72.3 | 9 | 6.2 | 45 |
Men |
1,023 | 425 | 41.5 | 379 | 37.0 | 46 | 10.7 | 599 |
Women |
1,165 | 416 | 35.7 | 394 | 33.9 | 21 | 5.2 | 749 |
White |
1,622 | 644 | 39.7 | 600 | 37.0 | 44 | 6.9 | 978 |
Black or African American |
238 | 109 | 45.8 | 89 | 37.4 | 20 | 18.4 | 129 |
Asian |
146 | 25 | 17.4 | 23 | 15.4 | 3 | - | 121 |
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity |
534 | 163 | 30.6 | 149 | 28.0 | 14 | 8.5 | 371 |
Not enrolled in college |
||||||||
Total, not enrolled in college |
948 | 686 | 72.3 | 554 | 58.4 | 132 | 19.3 | 262 |
Men |
493 | 386 | 78.3 | 306 | 62.0 | 80 | 20.7 | 107 |
Women |
455 | 300 | 65.9 | 248 | 54.4 | 52 | 17.5 | 155 |
White |
704 | 496 | 70.4 | 434 | 61.6 | 62 | 12.5 | 208 |
Black or African American |
171 | 141 | 82.4 | 83 | 48.4 | 58 | 41.2 | 30 |
Asian |
12 | 6 | - | 6 | - | - | - | 5 |
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity |
208 | 132 | 63.3 | 114 | 54.8 | 18 | 13.4 | 76 |
RECENT HIGH SCHOOL DROPOUTS |
||||||||
Total, 2013-14 high school dropouts(2) |
513 | 261 | 50.9 | 178 | 34.7 | 83 | 31.9 | 252 |
Men |
299 | 181 | 60.4 | 124 | 41.5 | 56 | 31.3 | 118 |
Women |
214 | 81 | 37.7 | 54 | 25.1 | 27 | 33.3 | 134 |
White |
362 | 175 | 48.2 | 115 | 31.7 | 60 | 34.1 | 188 |
Black or African American |
94 | 59 | 63.4 | 41 | 44.2 | 18 | - | 34 |
Asian |
13 | 4 | - | 4 | - | - | - | 9 |
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity |
113 | 53 | 47.1 | 32 | 28.2 | 21 | - | 60 |
(1) Data refer to persons who graduated from high school in January through October 2016 |
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NOTE: Detail for the above race groups (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 75,000). |
Characteristic | Civilian noninsti- tutional population |
Civilian labor force | Not in labor force |
|||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | Percent of population |
Employed | Unemployed | |||||
Total | Percent of population |
Number | Rate | |||||
Total, 16 to 24 years |
38,367 | 20,951 | 54.6 | 18,820 | 49.1 | 2,130 | 10.2 | 17,417 |
Enrolled in school |
||||||||
Total, enrolled in school |
22,058 | 7,947 | 36.0 | 7,276 | 33.0 | 671 | 8.4 | 14,111 |
Enrolled in high school(1) |
9,521 | 1,971 | 20.7 | 1,650 | 17.3 | 321 | 16.3 | 7,550 |
Men |
4,962 | 900 | 18.1 | 731 | 14.7 | 169 | 18.8 | 4,061 |
Women |
4,560 | 1,071 | 23.5 | 919 | 20.2 | 152 | 14.2 | 3,489 |
White |
6,847 | 1,546 | 22.6 | 1,329 | 19.4 | 217 | 14.0 | 5,301 |
Black or African American |
1,557 | 196 | 12.6 | 127 | 8.2 | 69 | 35.2 | 1,362 |
Asian |
504 | 75 | 14.9 | 60 | 11.9 | 15 | 20.1 | 429 |
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity |
2,179 | 384 | 17.6 | 307 | 14.1 | 76 | 19.9 | 1,796 |
Enrolled in college |
12,536 | 5,976 | 47.7 | 5,626 | 44.9 | 350 | 5.9 | 6,561 |
Enrolled in 2-year college |
3,070 | 1,792 | 58.4 | 1,656 | 53.9 | 136 | 7.6 | 1,278 |
Enrolled in 4-year college |
9,466 | 4,184 | 44.2 | 3,970 | 41.9 | 214 | 5.1 | 5,282 |
Full-time students |
10,887 | 4,601 | 42.3 | 4,320 | 39.7 | 281 | 6.1 | 6,286 |
Part-time students |
1,649 | 1,374 | 83.3 | 1,306 | 79.2 | 68 | 5.0 | 275 |
Men |
5,876 | 2,761 | 47.0 | 2,538 | 43.2 | 223 | 8.1 | 3,116 |
Women |
6,660 | 3,215 | 48.3 | 3,088 | 46.4 | 127 | 3.9 | 3,445 |
White |
9,259 | 4,611 | 49.8 | 4,348 | 47.0 | 263 | 5.7 | 4,648 |
Black or African American |
1,674 | 753 | 45.0 | 696 | 41.6 | 57 | 7.6 | 921 |
Asian |
1,017 | 318 | 31.2 | 295 | 29.0 | 23 | 7.1 | 699 |
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity |
2,647 | 1,258 | 47.5 | 1,145 | 43.3 | 113 | 9.0 | 1,389 |
Not enrolled in school |
||||||||
Total, not enrolled in school |
16,309 | 13,004 | 79.7 | 11,544 | 70.8 | 1,460 | 11.2 | 3,306 |
16 to 19 years |
3,120 | 2,102 | 67.4 | 1,674 | 53.7 | 428 | 20.3 | 1,018 |
20 to 24 years |
13,189 | 10,902 | 82.7 | 9,870 | 74.8 | 1,032 | 9.5 | 2,287 |
Men |
8,500 | 7,110 | 83.7 | 6,217 | 73.1 | 894 | 12.6 | 1,389 |
Less than a high school diploma |
1,371 | 954 | 69.6 | 725 | 52.9 | 229 | 24.0 | 417 |
High school graduates, no college(2) |
4,144 | 3,455 | 83.4 | 3,000 | 72.4 | 455 | 13.2 | 689 |
Some college or associate degree |
1,904 | 1,697 | 89.1 | 1,571 | 82.5 | 126 | 7.4 | 207 |
Bachelor's degree and higher(3) |
1,081 | 1,004 | 92.9 | 921 | 85.2 | 83 | 8.3 | 77 |
Women |
7,810 | 5,893 | 75.5 | 5,327 | 68.2 | 566 | 9.6 | 1,916 |
Less than a high school diploma |
964 | 457 | 47.4 | 362 | 37.6 | 95 | 20.7 | 507 |
High school graduates, no college(2) |
3,182 | 2,249 | 70.7 | 1,982 | 62.3 | 267 | 11.9 | 933 |
Some college or associate degree |
2,099 | 1,750 | 83.4 | 1,618 | 77.1 | 132 | 7.5 | 349 |
Bachelor's degree and higher(3) |
1,565 | 1,438 | 91.9 | 1,365 | 87.2 | 73 | 5.1 | 127 |
White |
12,118 | 9,709 | 80.1 | 8,793 | 72.6 | 915 | 9.4 | 2,409 |
Black or African American |
2,592 | 2,068 | 79.8 | 1,646 | 63.5 | 422 | 20.4 | 524 |
Asian |
706 | 533 | 75.5 | 492 | 69.7 | 41 | 7.7 | 173 |
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity |
3,686 | 2,844 | 77.2 | 2,545 | 69.1 | 298 | 10.5 | 842 |
(1) Includes a small number of persons enrolled in grades below high school. |
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NOTE: Detail for the above race groups (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 75,000). |