State Job Openings and Labor Turnover News Release

For release 10:00 a.m. (ET) Wednesday, February 15, 2023	USDL-23-0279
Technical information:	(202) 691-5870  •  JoltsInfo@bls.gov  •  www.bls.gov/jlt
Media contact:		(202) 691-5902  •  PressOffice@bls.gov

		        STATE JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – DECEMBER 2022

Job openings rates increased in 10 states and the District of Columbia and decreased in 1 state on the last 
business day of December, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Hires rates increased in 4 
states. Total separations rates increased in 7 states and decreased in 6 states. Nationally, the job openings 
rate increased in December while the hires and total separations rates showed little or no change.

This release includes estimates of the number and rate of job openings, hires, total separations, quits, and 
layoffs and discharges for the total nonfarm sector and for all states and the District of Columbia. 

Job Openings

In December, job openings rates increased in 10 states and the District of Columbia, decreased in 1 
state, and were little changed in 39 states. The largest increases in job openings rates occurred in North 
Dakota (+1.6 percentage points), as well as in Michigan and Minnesota (+1.3 points each). The decrease 
occurred in Georgia (-0.6 point). Over the month, the national job openings rate increased (+0.3 point). 
(See table A.)

The number of job openings increased in 13 states and the District of Columbia, decreased in 1 state, 
and was little changed in 36 states in December. The largest increases in the job openings level occurred 
in Texas (+116,000), as well as in Illinois and Michigan (+64,000 each). The decrease in the job 
openings level occurred in Georgia (-35,000). Nationally, the number of job openings increased over the 
month (+572,000). (See table A.)

Hires

In December, hires rates increased in 4 states and were little changed in 46 states and the District of 
Columbia. The increases in hires rates occurred in Missouri (+1.6 percentage points) and Minnesota 
(+0.9 point), as well as in Illinois and Michigan (+0.6 point each). The national hires rate was little 
changed over the month. (See table B.)

The number of hires increased in 4 states and was little changed in 46 states and the District of 
Columbia in December. The largest increases in the hires level occurred in Missouri (+46,000), Illinois 
(+34,000), and Michigan (+28,000). Nationally, the number of hires was little changed over the month. 
(See table B.)

Total Separations

In December, total separations rates increased in 7 states, decreased in 6 states, and were little changed 
in 37 states and the District of Columbia. The largest increases in total separations rates occurred in 
Idaho (+1.0 percentage point), Missouri (+0.7 point), and South Carolina (+0.6 point). The largest 
decreases occurred in Alaska (-1.2 points), Arkansas (-0.7 point), and Arizona (-0.6 point). Over the 
month, the national total separations rate was unchanged. (See table C.)

In December, the number of total separations increased in 4 states, decreased in 5 states, and was little 
changed in 41 states and the District of Columbia. The largest increases in the total separations level 
occurred in Missouri (+21,000), New Jersey (+18,000), and Indiana (+17,000). The largest decreases in 
the total separations level occurred in Illinois (-29,000), North Carolina (-24,000), and Washington  
(-17,000). Nationally, the number of total separations was little changed over the month. (See table C.)
 
Quits

In December, quits rates decreased in 5 states, increased in 3 states, and were little changed in 42 states 
and the District of Columbia. The largest decreases in quits rates occurred in Maryland (-0.7 percentage 
point) and Arkansas (-0.5 point), as well as in California and Tennessee (-0.4 point each). The increases 
occurred in Idaho (+1.0 point), Utah (+0.8 point), and Pennsylvania (+0.2 point). Over the month, the 
national quits rate was unchanged. (See table D.)

The number of quits decreased in 4 states, increased in 6 states, and was little changed in 40 states and 
the District of Columbia in December. The largest decreases in the quits level occurred in California  
(-56,000), Maryland (-18,000), and Tennessee (-15,000). The largest increases in the quits level 
occurred in New York	 (+17,000), Utah (+13,000), and Colorado (+11,000). Nationally, the number of 
quits was little changed over the month. (See table D.)
 
Layoffs and Discharges 

In December, layoffs and discharges rates increased in 7 states, decreased in 7 states, and were little 
changed in 36 states and the District of Columbia. The largest increases in layoffs and discharges rates 
occurred in Missouri (+0.7 percentage point) and Indiana (+0.6 point), as well as in Iowa, New Jersey, 
and Oklahoma (+0.4 point each). The largest decreases in layoffs and discharges rates occurred in 
Alaska (-1.3 points), Colorado (-1.0 point), and New Mexico (-0.7 point). Over the month, the national 
layoffs and discharges rate was little changed. (See table E.)

The number of layoffs and discharges increased in 7 states, decreased in 7 states, and was little 
changed in 36 states and the District of Columbia in December. The largest increases in the layoffs and 
discharges levels occurred in California (+58,000), Missouri (+22,000), and Indiana (+19,000). The 
decreases in the layoffs and discharges level occurred in Illinois (-37,000), Colorado (-29,000), and 
Arizona (-17,000). Nationally, the number of layoffs and discharges was little changed over the month. 
(See table E.)

For more information, please see the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS) interactive 
charts at www.bls.gov/charts/state-job-openings-and-labor-turnover/state-job-openings-rates.htm#.  
	
_____________
The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey State estimates for January 2023 are scheduled to 
be released on Tuesday, March 21, 2023, at 10:00 a.m. (ET).

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
|	Upcoming Changes to Annual Estimates for States from the Job Openings and Labor Turnover		|						
|						Survey								|
|														|
|Effective with the release of the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS) national data for 		|
|January on March 8, 2023, the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) will publish historical annual average 		|
|job openings levels and rates for states. State annual averages for 2001 through 2021 will be available in 	|
|the BLS database at www.bls.gov/jlt/data.htm. 									|
|														|
|Also effective with the release of national data on March 8, 2023, JOLTS will modify its method for 		|
|calculating annual estimates for hires and separations rates. Annual rates will be computed as annual 		|
|averages, instead of annual totals, to make the estimates more helpful for data users and to be consistent 	|
|with other BLS programs. State annual average hires and separations rates for 2001 through 2021 will 	 	|
|be available in the BLS database. 										|
|														|
|The 2022 state annual estimates will be published with the issuance of this news release on July 26, 		|
|2023.														|
|														|
|Additional information about these changes, including the annual average calculation method, is 		|
|available at www.bls.gov/jlt/notices/2023/jolts-state-2023-annual-estimates-changes.htm. 			|
|_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________|


Table A: States with significant changes in job openings from Nov 2022 to Dec 2022, seasonally adjusted
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                       |     Levels (in thousands)        |                  Rates                          
                       |----------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------
         State         |  Nov   |   Dec  | Over-the-month |   Nov  |   Dec  | Over-the-month
                       |  2022  | 2022(p)|    change(p)   |  2022  | 2022(p)|    change(p)  
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total U.S..............|10,440  |11,012  |      572       |   6.4  |   6.7  |      0.3        
District of Columbia...|    46  |    55  |        9       |   5.6  |   6.6  |      1.0
Georgia................|   392  |   357  |      -35       |   7.5  |   6.9  |     -0.6
Illinois...............|   416  |   480  |       64       |   6.4  |   7.3  |      0.9
Iowa...................|   117  |   138  |       21       |   6.9  |   8.0  |      1.1
Kansas.................|    90  |    98  |        8       |   6.0  |   6.5  |      0.5*
Massachusetts..........|   239  |   268  |       29       |   6.0  |   6.7  |      0.7
Michigan...............|   286  |   350  |       64       |   6.1  |   7.4  |      1.3
Minnesota..............|   185  |   229  |       44       |   5.9  |   7.2  |      1.3
Nebraska...............|    59  |    72  |       13       |   5.4  |   6.5  |      1.1
New Jersey.............|   203  |   244  |       41       |   4.5  |   5.4  |      0.9
North Dakota...........|    28  |    36  |        8       |   6.1  |   7.7  |      1.6
Ohio...................|   345  |   405  |       60       |   5.9  |   6.8  |      0.9
Texas..................|   886  |  1002  |      116       |   6.1  |   6.8  |      0.7
Washington.............|   214  |   233  |       19       |   5.7  |   6.1  |      0.4*
West Virginia..........|    66  |    71  |        5       |   8.4  |   9.1  |      0.7*
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   (p) = preliminary.
   * Not significant.
   
   
Table B: States with significant changes in hires from Nov 2022 to Dec 2022, seasonally adjusted
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                       |     Levels (in thousands)        |                  Rates                          
                       |----------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------
         State         |  Nov   |   Dec  | Over-the-month |   Nov  |   Dec  | Over-the-month
                       |  2022  | 2022(p)|    change(p)   |  2022  | 2022(p)|    change(p)  
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total U.S..............| 6,034  | 6,165  |      131       |   3.9  |   4.0  |      0.1        
Illinois...............|   241  |   275  |       34       |   3.9  |   4.5  |      0.6
Michigan...............|   166  |   194  |       28       |   3.8  |   4.4  |      0.6
Minnesota..............|   107  |   132  |       25       |   3.6  |   4.5  |      0.9
Missouri...............|   108  |   154  |       46       |   3.7  |   5.3  |      1.6
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   (p) = preliminary.
   * Not significant.


Table C: States with significant changes in total separations from Nov 2022 to Dec 2022, seasonally adjusted
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                       |     Levels (in thousands)        |                  Rates                          
                       |----------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------
         State         |  Nov   |   Dec  | Over-the-month |   Nov  |   Dec  | Over-the-month
                       |  2022  | 2022(p)|    change(p)   |  2022  | 2022(p)|    change(p)  
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total U.S..............| 5,831  | 5,890  |       59       |   3.8  |   3.8  |      0.0        
Alaska.................|    23  |    19  |       -4       |   7.1  |   5.9  |     -1.2
Arizona................|   145  |   128  |      -17*      |   4.7  |   4.1  |     -0.6
Arkansas...............|    65  |    55  |      -10       |   4.9  |   4.2  |     -0.7
Idaho..................|    39  |    47  |        8       |   4.7  |   5.7  |      1.0
Illinois...............|   256  |   227  |      -29       |   4.2  |   3.7  |     -0.5
Indiana................|   134  |   151  |       17       |   4.2  |   4.7  |      0.5
Missouri...............|   100  |   121  |       21       |   3.4  |   4.1  |      0.7
New Jersey.............|   130  |   148  |       18       |   3.0  |   3.5  |      0.5
New York...............|   233  |   255  |       22*      |   2.4  |   2.7  |      0.3
North Carolina.........|   196  |   172  |      -24       |   4.0  |   3.5  |     -0.5
Pennsylvania...........|   169  |   192  |       23*      |   2.8  |   3.2  |      0.4
South Carolina.........|    97  |   109  |       12*      |   4.3  |   4.9  |      0.6
Washington.............|   148  |   131  |      -17       |   4.2  |   3.7  |     -0.5
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   (p) = preliminary.
   * Not significant.


Table D: States with significant changes in quits from Nov 2022 to Dec 2022, seasonally adjusted
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                       |     Levels (in thousands)        |                  Rates                          
                       |----------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------
         State         |  Nov   |   Dec  | Over-the-month |   Nov  |   Dec  | Over-the-month
                       |  2022  | 2022(p)|    change(p)   |  2022  | 2022(p)|    change(p)  
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total U.S..............| 4,102  | 4,087  |      -15       |   2.7  |   2.7  |      0.0        
Arkansas...............|    45  |    39  |       -6       |   3.4  |   2.9  |     -0.5
California.............|   437  |   381  |      -56       |   2.5  |   2.1  |     -0.4
Colorado...............|    89  |   100  |       11       |   3.1  |   3.4  |      0.3*
Connecticut............|    35  |    42  |        7       |   2.1  |   2.5  |      0.4*
Georgia................|   174  |   162  |      -12*      |   3.6  |   3.3  |     -0.3
Idaho..................|    25  |    33  |        8       |   3.0  |   4.0  |      1.0
Maryland...............|    73  |    55  |      -18       |   2.7  |   2.0  |     -0.7
New Mexico.............|    22  |    26  |        4       |   2.6  |   3.0  |      0.4*
New York...............|   155  |   172  |       17       |   1.6  |   1.8  |      0.2*
Pennsylvania...........|   115  |   126  |       11*      |   1.9  |   2.1  |      0.2
Tennessee..............|   122  |   107  |      -15       |   3.7  |   3.3  |     -0.4
Utah...................|    52  |    65  |       13       |   3.1  |   3.9  |      0.8
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   (p) = preliminary.
   * Not significant.


Table E: States with significant changes in layoffs and discharges from Nov 2022 to Dec 2022, seasonally adjusted
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                       |     Levels (in thousands)        |                  Rates                          
                       |----------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------
         State         |  Nov   |   Dec  | Over-the-month |   Nov  |   Dec  | Over-the-month
                       |  2022  | 2022(p)|    change(p)   |  2022  | 2022(p)|    change(p)  
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total U.S..............| 1,418  | 1,468  |       50       |   0.9  |   1.0  |      0.1        
Alaska.................|     9  |     5  |       -4       |   2.8  |   1.5  |     -1.3
Arizona................|    40  |    23  |      -17       |   1.3  |   0.7  |     -0.6
California.............|   116  |   174  |       58       |   0.7  |   1.0  |      0.3
Colorado...............|    55  |    26  |      -29       |   1.9  |   0.9  |     -1.0
Illinois...............|   108  |    71  |      -37       |   1.8  |   1.2  |     -0.6
Indiana................|    29  |    48  |       19       |   0.9  |   1.5  |      0.6
Iowa...................|    13  |    19  |        6       |   0.8  |   1.2  |      0.4
Missouri...............|    17  |    39  |       22       |   0.6  |   1.3  |      0.7
Nevada.................|    20  |    14  |       -6       |   1.4  |   0.9  |     -0.5
New Jersey.............|    41  |    58  |       17       |   1.0  |   1.4  |      0.4
New Mexico.............|    14  |     8  |       -6       |   1.6  |   0.9  |     -0.7
Oklahoma...............|    15  |    22  |        7       |   0.9  |   1.3  |      0.4
Oregon.................|    26  |    15  |      -11       |   1.3  |   0.8  |     -0.5
Wisconsin..............|    21  |    30  |        9       |   0.7  |   1.0  |      0.3
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   (p) = preliminary.
   * Not significant.

Technical Note

This news release presents statistics from the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The JOLTS program 
provides information on labor demand and turnover. Additional information about the JOLTS program can be found at 
www.bls.gov/jlt/. Estimates are published for job openings, hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, and separations. 
The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments, as well as civilian federal, state, and local government 
entities in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Industries are classified in accordance with the North American 
Industry Classification System. 

Definitions and Methodology (National/State). Shared definitions and procedures for National and State JOLTS Estimates 
can be found at: www.bls.gov/news.release/jolts.tn.htm.

Data Element Definitions

Employment. Employment includes persons on the payroll who worked or received pay for the pay period that 
includes the 12th day of the reference month. Full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term, seasonal, salaried, and 
hourly employees are included, as are employees on paid vacation or other paid leave. Proprietors or partners of 
unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, or employees on strike for the entire pay period, and employees 
on leave without pay for the entire pay period are not counted as employed. Employees of temporary help agencies, 
employee leasing companies, outside contractors, and consultants are counted by their employer of record, not by 
the establishment where they are working. JOLTS does not publish employment estimates but uses the reported 
employment for validation of the other reported data elements.

Job Openings. Job openings include all positions that are open on the last business day of the reference month.

A job is open only if it meets all three of these conditions: 
* A specific position exists and there is work available for that position. The position can be full-time or part-
time, and it can be permanent, short-term, or seasonal. 
* The job could start within 30 days, whether or not the employer can find a suitable candidate during that time. 
* The employer is actively recruiting workers from outside the establishment to fill the position. Active 
recruiting means that the establishment is taking steps to fill a position. It may include advertising in 
newspapers, on television, or on the radio; posting Internet notices, posting “help wanted” signs, 
networking or making “word-of-mouth” announcements; accepting applications; interviewing candidates; 
contacting employment agencies; or soliciting employees at job fairs, state or local employment offices, or 
similar sources.

Excluded are positions open only to internal transfers, promotions or demotions, or recall from layoffs. Also 
excluded are openings for positions with start dates more than 30 days in the future, positions for which employees 
have been hired but the employees have not yet reported for work, and positions to be filled by employees of 
temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The job openings rate is 
computed by dividing the number of job openings by the sum of employment and job openings and multiplying that 
quotient by 100.

Hires. Hires include all additions to the payroll during the entire reference month, including newly hired and 
rehired employees; full-time and part-time employees; permanent, short-term, and seasonal employees; employees 
who were recalled to a job at the location following a layoff (formal suspension from pay status) lasting more than 7 
days; on-call or intermittent employees who returned to work after having been formally separated; workers who 
were hired and separated during the month, and transfers from other locations. Excluded are transfers or promotions 
within the reporting location, employees returning from strike, employees of temporary help agencies, employee 
leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The hires rate is computed by dividing the number of hires by 
employment and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Separations. Total Separations include all separations from the payroll during the entire reference month and is 
reported by type of separation:  quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Quits include employees who 
left voluntarily with the exception of retirements or transfers to other locations. Layoffs and discharges includes 
involuntary separations initiated by the employer including layoffs with no intent to rehire; layoffs (formal 
suspensions from pay status) lasting or expected to last more than 7 days; discharges resulting from mergers, 
downsizing, or closings; firings or other discharges for cause; terminations of permanent or short-term employees; 
and terminations of seasonal employees (whether or not they are expected to return the next season). Other 
separations include retirements, transfers to other locations, separations due to employee disability; and deaths. 
Excluded from other separations are transfers within the same location; employees on strike; employees of temporary 
help agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The other separations component is 
not published for states due to its comparatively high error, and because it comprises less than 8% of total 
separations. The separations rate is computed by dividing the number of separations by employment and multiplying 
that quotient by 100. The quits and layoffs and discharges rates are computed similarly.

State Estimates Methodology

The JOLTS sample of 21,000 establishments does not directly support the production of sample based state estimates. 
However, state estimates have been produced by combining the available sample with model-based estimates. 

These estimates consist of four major estimating models; the Composite Regional model, the Synthetic model, the 
Composite Synthetic model, and the Extended Composite Synthetic model. The Composite Regional model uses JOLTS 
microdata, JOLTS regional published estimates, and Current Employment Statistics (CES) employment data. The Composite 
Synthetic model uses JOLTS microdata and Synthetic model estimates derived from monthly employment changes in 
microdata from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW), and JOLTS published regional data. The Extended 
Composite Synthetic extends the Composite Synthetic estimates by ratio-adjusting the Composite Synthetic by the 
ratio of the current Composite Regional model estimate to the Composite Regional model estimate from one year ago. 

The Extended Composite Synthetic model (and its major component—the Composite Regional model) is used to extend 
the Composite Synthetic estimates because all of the inputs required by this model are available at the time 
monthly estimate are produced. In contrast, the Composite Synthetic model (and its major component—the Synthetic 
model) can only be produced when the latest QCEW data are available. The current model uses the Extended Composite 
Synthetic model estimates to extend the Composite Synthetic model estimates during the annual JOLTS re-tabulation 
process. The extension of the Composite Synthetic model using current data-based Composite Regional model estimates 
will ensure that the Composite Synthetic model estimates reflect current economic trends. 

The Composite Regional model calculates state-level JOLTS estimates from JOLTS microdata using sample weights, and 
the adjustments for non-response (NRAF). The Composite Regional estimate is then benchmarked to CES state-supersector 
employment to produce state-supersector estimates. The JOLTS sample, by itself, cannot ensure a reasonably sized 
sample for each state-supersector cell. The small JOLTS sample results in quite a number of state-supersector cells 
that lack enough data to produce a reasonable estimate. To overcome this issue, the state-level estimates derived 
directly from the JOLTS sample are augmented using JOLTS regional estimates when the number of respondents is low 
(that is, less than 30). This approach is known as a composite estimate which leverages the small JOLTS sample 
to the greatest extent possible and supplements that with a model-based estimate. 

In this approach, the JOLTS microdata-based estimate is used, without model augmentation, in all state-supersector 
cells that have 30 or more respondents. The JOLTS regional estimate will be used, without a sample-based component, 
in all state-supersector cells that have fewer than five respondents. In all state-supersector cells with 5–30 
respondents an estimate is calculated that is a composition of a weighted estimate of the microdata-based estimate 
and a weighted estimate of the JOLTS regional estimate. The weight assigned to the JOLTS data in those cells is 
proportional the number of JOLTS respondents in the cell (weight=n/30, where n is the number of respondents). 

Benchmarking. The JOLTS State estimates utilize and leverage data from three BLS programs; JOLTS, CES, and QCEW. 
These state estimates are published as a historical series comprised of an historical annually 
revised benchmark component for the Composite Synthetic model and a current component Extended Composite Synthetic 
model which provides monthly "real-time" estimates between lagged benchmarks.

Seasonal adjustment. BLS uses X-13 ARIMA for seasonal adjustment. A concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology 
is used in which new seasonal adjustment factors are calculated each month, using all relevant data, up to and 
including current month data. JOLTS state seasonal adjustment includes both additive and multiplicative models 
and REGARIMA (regression with auto-correlated errors) modeling to improve the seasonal adjustment factors at the 
beginning and end of the series and to detect and adjust for outliers in the series. The seasonally adjusted CES 
over-the-month employment trends are applied to the seasonally adjusted JOLTS state implied employment trends 
(hires minus separations) forcing them to be approximately the same, while preserving the seasonality of the 
JOLTS data.

Reliability of the estimates

JOLTS estimates are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. Sampling error occurs when a sample is 
surveyed rather than the entire population. There is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the true 
population values they represent. The difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the particular sample 
selected. This variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. BLS analysis is generally conducted 
at the 90-percent level of confidence. That means that there is a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that 
an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value because 
of sampling error. Sampling error estimates are available on the JOLTS Median Standard Errors page: 
www.bls.gov/jlt/jolts_median_standard_errors.htm.

The JOLTS estimates also are affected by nonsampling error. Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons including: 
the failure to include a segment of the population; the inability to obtain data from all units in the sample; 
the inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide data on a timely basis; mistakes made by respondents; 
errors made in the collection or processing of the data; and errors from the employment benchmark data used in 
estimation.

The JOLTS State variance estimates account for both sampling error and the error attributable to modeling. A small 
area domain model uses a Bayesian model to develop estimates of JOLTS State variance. The small area model uses QCEW-
based JOLTS synthetic model data to generate a Bayesian prior distribution, then updates the prior distribution using 
JOLTS microdata and sample-based variance estimates at the State and US Census Regional level to generate a Bayesian 
posterior distribution. Once the Bayesian posterior distribution has been generated, an estimate of JOLTS State variance 
estimates is made by drawing 2,500 estimates from the Bayesian posterior distribution. This Bayesian approach thus 
indirectly accounts for sampling error and directly for model error.

Other information

Detailed information the JOLTS State methodology can be found at:   

www.bls.gov/jlt/jlt_statedata_methodology.htm

If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access telecommunications relay 
services.

Table 1. Job openings levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)					Rates
	Dec. 2021	Sept. 2022	Oct. 2022	Nov. 2022	Dec. 2022(p)	Dec. 2021	Sept. 2022	Oct. 2022	Nov. 2022	Dec. 2022(p)
TOTAL U.S.	11,448	10,687	10,512	10,440	11,012	7.1	6.5	6.4	6.4	6.7
Alabama	152	144	156	154	158	6.9	6.4	6.9	6.8	7.0
Alaska	37	48	30	29	30	10.5	13.0	8.5	8.2	8.5
Arizona	232	223	231	214	213	7.2	6.7	6.9	6.5	6.4
Arkansas	89	92	103	95	98	6.4	6.5	7.2	6.7	6.9
California	1,276	1,164	1,212	1,239	1,251	6.9	6.2	6.4	6.5	6.6
Colorado	227	219	231	215	219	7.5	7.1	7.4	6.9	7.0
Connecticut	105	110	96	100	100	6.0	6.2	5.4	5.7	5.7
Delaware	32	35	38	37	37	6.6	7.0	7.6	7.4	7.4
District of Columbia	42	47	48	46	55	5.2	5.8	5.9	5.6	6.6
Florida	673	624	562	637	620	6.9	6.2	5.6	6.2	6.1
Georgia	409	405	396	392	357	8.0	7.7	7.6	7.5	6.9
Hawaii	58	41	38	34	38	8.9	6.3	5.8	5.2	5.8
Idaho	65	63	61	60	63	7.5	7.1	6.9	6.8	7.1
Illinois	450	440	374	416	480	7.0	6.7	5.8	6.4	7.3
Indiana	279	204	219	209	213	8.1	6.0	6.4	6.1	6.2
Iowa	132	115	106	117	138	7.8	6.8	6.3	6.9	8.0
Kansas	95	94	97	90	98	6.5	6.3	6.4	6.0	6.5
Kentucky	158	159	150	155	150	7.6	7.4	7.1	7.3	7.1
Louisiana	151	143	175	180	186	7.4	6.9	8.3	8.5	8.7
Maine	48	47	43	43	45	7.1	6.9	6.3	6.2	6.5
Maryland	212	191	188	198	199	7.3	6.5	6.4	6.8	6.8
Massachusetts	280	280	264	239	268	7.2	7.0	6.6	6.0	6.7
Michigan	350	336	280	286	350	7.5	7.2	6.0	6.1	7.4
Minnesota	233	212	206	185	229	7.5	6.7	6.5	5.9	7.2
Mississippi	88	87	85	86	85	7.1	7.0	6.9	6.9	6.9
Missouri	229	206	196	197	211	7.4	6.6	6.3	6.3	6.7
Montana	46	42	42	41	42	8.4	7.7	7.7	7.5	7.6
Nebraska	75	69	64	59	72	6.9	6.2	5.8	5.4	6.5
Nevada	117	101	106	104	105	7.6	6.5	6.7	6.6	6.6
New Hampshire	59	55	53	47	48	8.1	7.4	7.2	6.4	6.5
New Jersey	280	249	246	203	244	6.4	5.5	5.5	4.5	5.4
New Mexico	67	65	71	68	71	7.4	7.1	7.7	7.4	7.7
New York	588	514	509	442	458	6.0	5.1	5.1	4.4	4.6
North Carolina	428	356	365	363	374	8.4	6.9	7.0	7.0	7.2
North Dakota	34	31	25	28	36	7.4	6.7	5.5	6.1	7.7
Ohio	401	384	356	345	405	6.9	6.5	6.1	5.9	6.8
Oklahoma	126	122	124	132	131	7.1	6.7	6.8	7.2	7.1
Oregon	160	123	143	140	147	7.7	5.9	6.7	6.6	6.9
Pennsylvania	499	357	393	428	435	7.9	5.6	6.1	6.6	6.7
Rhode Island	38	34	35	33	34	7.2	6.4	6.6	6.2	6.4
South Carolina	205	166	169	182	187	8.6	6.9	7.0	7.5	7.7
South Dakota	36	32	29	30	33	7.5	6.6	6.0	6.2	6.7
Tennessee	239	252	244	259	265	7.0	7.2	7.0	7.3	7.5
Texas	968	1,000	933	886	1,002	6.9	6.9	6.4	6.1	6.8
Utah	127	112	107	111	112	7.2	6.3	6.0	6.2	6.3
Vermont	25	24	23	20	20	7.7	7.4	7.1	6.2	6.2
Virginia	303	351	356	320	330	7.1	7.9	8.0	7.2	7.5
Washington	225	220	230	214	233	6.1	5.9	6.1	5.7	6.1
West Virginia	56	54	61	66	71	7.5	7.1	7.9	8.4	9.1
Wisconsin	215	219	226	243	239	6.9	6.9	7.1	7.6	7.5
Wyoming	28	26	23	22	22	9.0	8.3	7.5	7.1	7.1
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 2. Hires levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)					Rates
	Dec. 2021	Sept. 2022	Oct. 2022	Nov. 2022	Dec. 2022(p)	Dec. 2021	Sept. 2022	Oct. 2022	Nov. 2022	Dec. 2022(p)
TOTAL U.S.	6,450	6,096	6,111	6,034	6,165	4.3	4.0	4.0	3.9	4.0
Alabama	97	104	116	98	101	4.7	5.0	5.5	4.7	4.8
Alaska	19	26	20	20	20	6.0	8.1	6.2	6.2	6.2
Arizona	141	133	141	130	129	4.7	4.3	4.5	4.2	4.2
Arkansas	73	51	61	62	65	5.6	3.9	4.6	4.7	4.9
California	658	555	634	585	550	3.8	3.1	3.6	3.3	3.1
Colorado	115	136	126	118	108	4.1	4.7	4.3	4.1	3.7
Connecticut	62	55	50	56	56	3.8	3.3	3.0	3.4	3.4
Delaware	20	25	25	24	23	4.4	5.4	5.4	5.2	5.0
District of Columbia	22	24	27	27	27	2.9	3.1	3.5	3.5	3.5
Florida	354	409	380	357	367	3.9	4.3	4.0	3.7	3.8
Georgia	246	257	245	228	234	5.3	5.3	5.1	4.7	4.8
Hawaii	30	30	23	20	23	5.0	4.9	3.7	3.2	3.7
Idaho	39	47	38	35	35	4.8	5.7	4.6	4.2	4.2
Illinois	260	260	241	241	275	4.4	4.3	4.0	3.9	4.5
Indiana	159	143	142	142	143	5.0	4.5	4.4	4.4	4.5
Iowa	65	55	57	67	69	4.2	3.5	3.6	4.2	4.3
Kansas	59	50	60	56	60	4.3	3.6	4.2	4.0	4.2
Kentucky	110	102	96	94	93	5.7	5.2	4.9	4.8	4.7
Louisiana	93	93	108	92	102	4.9	4.8	5.6	4.7	5.3
Maine	28	29	22	30	26	4.5	4.5	3.4	4.6	4.0
Maryland	102	104	111	113	112	3.8	3.8	4.1	4.1	4.1
Massachusetts	130	135	142	123	123	3.6	3.6	3.8	3.3	3.3
Michigan	198	165	171	166	194	4.6	3.8	3.9	3.8	4.4
Minnesota	112	106	104	107	132	3.9	3.6	3.5	3.6	4.5
Mississippi	54	50	51	53	57	4.7	4.3	4.4	4.6	4.9
Missouri	116	107	103	108	154	4.0	3.7	3.5	3.7	5.3
Montana	27	29	28	28	27	5.4	5.7	5.5	5.5	5.3
Nebraska	44	37	40	38	42	4.4	3.6	3.8	3.6	4.0
Nevada	67	76	76	73	69	4.7	5.2	5.2	4.9	4.7
New Hampshire	30	32	26	27	28	4.5	4.7	3.8	3.9	4.1
New Jersey	138	147	139	135	129	3.4	3.5	3.3	3.2	3.0
New Mexico	34	37	39	35	38	4.1	4.3	4.6	4.1	4.4
New York	339	280	262	282	297	3.6	2.9	2.7	2.9	3.1
North Carolina	247	226	229	223	237	5.3	4.7	4.7	4.6	4.9
North Dakota	22	17	16	19	21	5.2	3.9	3.7	4.4	4.9
Ohio	215	194	226	211	208	4.0	3.5	4.1	3.8	3.8
Oklahoma	89	77	75	82	85	5.4	4.6	4.4	4.8	5.0
Oregon	77	84	86	78	82	4.0	4.2	4.3	3.9	4.1
Pennsylvania	237	180	188	192	179	4.1	3.0	3.1	3.2	3.0
Rhode Island	21	21	19	19	21	4.3	4.2	3.8	3.8	4.2
South Carolina	115	108	96	109	113	5.3	4.8	4.3	4.9	5.0
South Dakota	21	20	19	21	21	4.8	4.4	4.2	4.6	4.6
Tennessee	156	152	164	162	157	4.9	4.7	5.0	5.0	4.8
Texas	657	561	554	609	583	5.0	4.1	4.1	4.5	4.3
Utah	67	79	69	66	72	4.1	4.7	4.1	3.9	4.3
Vermont	14	13	11	12	11	4.7	4.3	3.6	4.0	3.6
Virginia	180	173	164	174	173	4.5	4.2	4.0	4.2	4.2
Washington	119	139	135	132	129	3.5	3.9	3.8	3.7	3.6
West Virginia	36	32	34	36	37	5.2	4.5	4.8	5.0	5.2
Wisconsin	125	114	108	106	114	4.3	3.9	3.7	3.6	3.9
Wyoming	14	18	16	16	16	5.0	6.3	5.6	5.6	5.6
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 3. Total separations levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)					Rates
	Dec. 2021	Sept. 2022	Oct. 2022	Nov. 2022	Dec. 2022(p)	Dec. 2021	Sept. 2022	Oct. 2022	Nov. 2022	Dec. 2022(p)
TOTAL U.S.	6,042	5,665	5,756	5,831	5,890	4.1	3.7	3.8	3.8	3.8
Alabama	99	87	100	96	95	4.8	4.2	4.8	4.6	4.5
Alaska	23	15	22	23	19	7.3	4.7	6.8	7.1	5.9
Arizona	141	149	151	145	128	4.7	4.8	4.9	4.7	4.1
Arkansas	65	61	58	65	55	5.0	4.6	4.4	4.9	4.2
California	599	547	540	592	589	3.5	3.1	3.0	3.3	3.3
Colorado	133	105	109	152	140	4.7	3.6	3.8	5.2	4.8
Connecticut	49	49	44	55	60	3.0	2.9	2.6	3.3	3.6
Delaware	22	20	23	22	20	4.9	4.3	5.0	4.8	4.3
District of Columbia	24	24	25	23	24	3.1	3.1	3.2	3.0	3.1
Florida	428	356	367	351	380	4.7	3.7	3.8	3.7	4.0
Georgia	235	239	243	238	222	5.0	4.9	5.0	4.9	4.6
Hawaii	20	22	23	24	24	3.4	3.6	3.7	3.9	3.9
Idaho	39	33	37	39	47	4.8	4.0	4.5	4.7	5.7
Illinois	224	248	215	256	227	3.8	4.1	3.5	4.2	3.7
Indiana	159	134	143	134	151	5.0	4.2	4.5	4.2	4.7
Iowa	62	60	60	70	70	4.0	3.8	3.8	4.4	4.4
Kansas	52	60	55	55	61	3.8	4.3	3.9	3.9	4.3
Kentucky	105	100	84	89	93	5.5	5.1	4.3	4.5	4.7
Louisiana	86	92	93	97	97	4.5	4.7	4.8	5.0	5.0
Maine	26	20	23	24	28	4.1	3.1	3.6	3.7	4.3
Maryland	99	99	106	102	90	3.7	3.6	3.9	3.7	3.3
Massachusetts	121	111	98	104	105	3.4	3.0	2.6	2.8	2.8
Michigan	202	155	154	158	168	4.7	3.6	3.5	3.6	3.8
Minnesota	107	103	106	100	97	3.7	3.5	3.6	3.4	3.3
Mississippi	54	57	61	55	53	4.7	4.9	5.3	4.8	4.6
Missouri	122	114	109	100	121	4.2	3.9	3.7	3.4	4.1
Montana	26	22	26	28	28	5.2	4.3	5.1	5.5	5.5
Nebraska	41	41	40	38	40	4.1	4.0	3.8	3.6	3.8
Nevada	63	64	69	70	68	4.4	4.4	4.7	4.7	4.6
New Hampshire	26	26	28	29	31	3.9	3.8	4.1	4.2	4.5
New Jersey	134	125	120	130	148	3.3	2.9	2.8	3.0	3.5
New Mexico	39	37	35	39	38	4.7	4.3	4.1	4.6	4.4
New York	254	262	270	233	255	2.7	2.8	2.8	2.4	2.7
North Carolina	212	203	206	196	172	4.6	4.2	4.3	4.0	3.5
North Dakota	19	18	17	17	19	4.5	4.2	3.9	3.9	4.4
Ohio	219	226	218	198	204	4.1	4.1	4.0	3.6	3.7
Oklahoma	73	79	76	74	75	4.4	4.7	4.5	4.4	4.4
Oregon	84	72	78	92	85	4.4	3.6	3.9	4.6	4.3
Pennsylvania	170	169	166	169	192	2.9	2.8	2.8	2.8	3.2
Rhode Island	21	17	21	17	20	4.3	3.4	4.2	3.4	4.0
South Carolina	118	102	95	97	109	5.4	4.5	4.2	4.3	4.9
South Dakota	18	15	18	18	19	4.1	3.3	3.9	3.9	4.2
Tennessee	148	158	186	168	150	4.7	4.9	5.7	5.1	4.6
Texas	528	491	535	514	548	4.0	3.6	3.9	3.8	4.0
Utah	72	66	68	77	84	4.4	3.9	4.1	4.6	5.0
Vermont	15	11	11	12	12	5.0	3.6	3.6	4.0	4.0
Virginia	180	146	164	154	146	4.5	3.6	4.0	3.8	3.6
Washington	126	116	114	148	131	3.7	3.3	3.2	4.2	3.7
West Virginia	32	30	31	33	33	4.6	4.2	4.4	4.6	4.7
Wisconsin	116	96	98	95	104	4.0	3.3	3.3	3.2	3.5
Wyoming	15	10	15	16	16	5.3	3.5	5.3	5.6	5.6
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 4. Quits levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)					Rates
	Dec. 2021	Sept. 2022	Oct. 2022	Nov. 2022	Dec. 2022(p)	Dec. 2021	Sept. 2022	Oct. 2022	Nov. 2022	Dec. 2022(p)
TOTAL U.S.	4,403	4,060	4,047	4,102	4,087	3.0	2.7	2.6	2.7	2.7
Alabama	68	65	76	71	68	3.3	3.1	3.6	3.4	3.2
Alaska	16	12	14	13	13	5.0	3.7	4.4	4.0	4.0
Arizona	107	107	109	96	97	3.6	3.5	3.5	3.1	3.1
Arkansas	45	45	42	45	39	3.4	3.4	3.2	3.4	2.9
California	438	376	372	437	381	2.6	2.1	2.1	2.5	2.1
Colorado	84	70	70	89	100	3.0	2.4	2.4	3.1	3.4
Connecticut	38	36	29	35	42	2.3	2.2	1.7	2.1	2.5
Delaware	16	15	16	15	14	3.5	3.2	3.5	3.2	3.0
District of Columbia	16	17	18	15	16	2.1	2.2	2.3	1.9	2.1
Florida	330	260	280	266	286	3.6	2.7	2.9	2.8	3.0
Georgia	172	186	176	174	162	3.7	3.8	3.6	3.6	3.3
Hawaii	15	17	16	16	17	2.5	2.8	2.6	2.6	2.7
Idaho	28	25	25	25	33	3.5	3.0	3.0	3.0	4.0
Illinois	166	178	139	142	147	2.8	2.9	2.3	2.3	2.4
Indiana	115	97	93	102	97	3.7	3.0	2.9	3.2	3.0
Iowa	43	45	43	50	46	2.8	2.8	2.7	3.2	2.9
Kansas	37	44	38	38	40	2.7	3.1	2.7	2.7	2.8
Kentucky	71	75	63	65	69	3.7	3.8	3.2	3.3	3.5
Louisiana	62	66	68	70	67	3.3	3.4	3.5	3.6	3.4
Maine	20	14	16	16	18	3.2	2.2	2.5	2.5	2.8
Maryland	66	74	71	73	55	2.5	2.7	2.6	2.7	2.0
Massachusetts	91	80	69	74	70	2.5	2.2	1.9	2.0	1.9
Michigan	156	112	111	108	118	3.6	2.6	2.5	2.5	2.7
Minnesota	78	75	74	74	67	2.7	2.6	2.5	2.5	2.3
Mississippi	38	42	44	39	38	3.3	3.6	3.8	3.4	3.3
Missouri	91	88	77	77	76	3.2	3.0	2.6	2.6	2.6
Montana	18	17	17	18	20	3.6	3.4	3.4	3.6	3.9
Nebraska	28	28	27	26	27	2.8	2.7	2.6	2.5	2.6
Nevada	43	47	46	46	49	3.0	3.2	3.1	3.1	3.3
New Hampshire	19	16	17	17	18	2.8	2.3	2.5	2.5	2.6
New Jersey	95	86	82	81	81	2.3	2.0	1.9	1.9	1.9
New Mexico	26	26	23	22	26	3.1	3.0	2.7	2.6	3.0
New York	184	163	163	155	172	2.0	1.7	1.7	1.6	1.8
North Carolina	145	150	156	137	124	3.1	3.1	3.2	2.8	2.6
North Dakota	13	12	12	11	12	3.1	2.8	2.8	2.6	2.8
Ohio	170	139	144	143	142	3.1	2.5	2.6	2.6	2.6
Oklahoma	52	59	55	55	49	3.1	3.5	3.3	3.2	2.9
Oregon	59	54	55	57	64	3.1	2.7	2.8	2.9	3.2
Pennsylvania	127	125	117	115	126	2.2	2.1	1.9	1.9	2.1
Rhode Island	15	12	13	11	12	3.1	2.4	2.6	2.2	2.4
South Carolina	78	77	69	71	77	3.6	3.4	3.1	3.2	3.4
South Dakota	13	11	13	13	13	2.9	2.4	2.9	2.8	2.8
Tennessee	108	118	125	122	107	3.4	3.6	3.8	3.7	3.3
Texas	396	355	411	408	420	3.0	2.6	3.0	3.0	3.1
Utah	54	49	48	52	65	3.3	2.9	2.9	3.1	3.9
Vermont	12	8	7	8	7	4.0	2.7	2.3	2.7	2.3
Virginia	136	106	122	108	103	3.4	2.6	3.0	2.6	2.5
Washington	86	83	77	99	91	2.5	2.3	2.2	2.8	2.6
West Virginia	23	22	23	24	23	3.3	3.1	3.2	3.3	3.3
Wisconsin	88	69	68	68	69	3.0	2.3	2.3	2.3	2.3
Wyoming	11	7	10	10	11	3.9	2.4	3.5	3.5	3.8
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)					Rates
	Dec. 2021	Sept. 2022	Oct. 2022	Nov. 2022	Dec. 2022(p)	Dec. 2021	Sept. 2022	Oct. 2022	Nov. 2022	Dec. 2022(p)
TOTAL U.S.	1,262	1,329	1,445	1,418	1,468	0.8	0.9	0.9	0.9	1.0
Alabama	24	17	21	21	23	1.2	0.8	1.0	1.0	1.1
Alaska	5	3	6	9	5	1.6	0.9	1.9	2.8	1.5
Arizona	25	34	34	40	23	0.8	1.1	1.1	1.3	0.7
Arkansas	15	13	13	17	13	1.1	1.0	1.0	1.3	1.0
California	121	147	133	116	174	0.7	0.8	0.8	0.7	1.0
Colorado	39	26	34	55	26	1.4	0.9	1.2	1.9	0.9
Connecticut	7	9	13	17	13	0.4	0.5	0.8	1.0	0.8
Delaware	5	4	7	6	5	1.1	0.9	1.5	1.3	1.1
District of Columbia	7	5	7	6	6	0.9	0.7	0.9	0.8	0.8
Florida	72	79	71	69	74	0.8	0.8	0.7	0.7	0.8
Georgia	55	43	58	53	48	1.2	0.9	1.2	1.1	1.0
Hawaii	4	4	6	7	6	0.7	0.7	1.0	1.1	1.0
Idaho	7	6	10	11	11	0.9	0.7	1.2	1.3	1.3
Illinois	48	61	62	108	71	0.8	1.0	1.0	1.8	1.2
Indiana	36	30	42	29	48	1.1	0.9	1.3	0.9	1.5
Iowa	15	12	13	13	19	1.0	0.8	0.8	0.8	1.2
Kansas	11	13	13	14	17	0.8	0.9	0.9	1.0	1.2
Kentucky	28	21	18	21	20	1.5	1.1	0.9	1.1	1.0
Louisiana	19	20	21	25	23	1.0	1.0	1.1	1.3	1.2
Maine	4	5	6	6	7	0.6	0.8	0.9	0.9	1.1
Maryland	27	21	30	24	29	1.0	0.8	1.1	0.9	1.1
Massachusetts	22	25	27	24	29	0.6	0.7	0.7	0.6	0.8
Michigan	34	38	37	44	44	0.8	0.9	0.8	1.0	1.0
Minnesota	22	24	26	20	24	0.8	0.8	0.9	0.7	0.8
Mississippi	13	12	14	14	13	1.1	1.0	1.2	1.2	1.1
Missouri	23	22	26	17	39	0.8	0.8	0.9	0.6	1.3
Montana	5	5	7	8	7	1.0	1.0	1.4	1.6	1.4
Nebraska	10	10	11	9	10	1.0	1.0	1.1	0.9	1.0
Nevada	13	13	20	20	14	0.9	0.9	1.4	1.4	0.9
New Hampshire	5	8	10	10	11	0.7	1.2	1.5	1.4	1.6
New Jersey	29	36	34	41	58	0.7	0.8	0.8	1.0	1.4
New Mexico	8	9	10	14	8	1.0	1.1	1.2	1.6	0.9
New York	52	84	95	68	70	0.6	0.9	1.0	0.7	0.7
North Carolina	54	44	45	47	41	1.2	0.9	0.9	1.0	0.8
North Dakota	5	5	4	5	5	1.2	1.2	0.9	1.2	1.2
Ohio	39	80	64	42	53	0.7	1.5	1.2	0.8	1.0
Oklahoma	17	17	19	15	22	1.0	1.0	1.1	0.9	1.3
Oregon	18	14	19	26	15	0.9	0.7	1.0	1.3	0.8
Pennsylvania	29	35	42	36	44	0.5	0.6	0.7	0.6	0.7
Rhode Island	4	4	7	5	6	0.8	0.8	1.4	1.0	1.2
South Carolina	36	21	23	21	26	1.7	0.9	1.0	0.9	1.2
South Dakota	4	4	4	4	5	0.9	0.9	0.9	0.9	1.1
Tennessee	32	34	56	40	34	1.0	1.0	1.7	1.2	1.0
Texas	110	111	107	90	107	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.7	0.8
Utah	11	14	16	19	15	0.7	0.8	1.0	1.1	0.9
Vermont	3	2	3	3	3	1.0	0.7	1.0	1.0	1.0
Virginia	32	31	37	38	34	0.8	0.8	0.9	0.9	0.8
Washington	27	25	32	37	31	0.8	0.7	0.9	1.0	0.9
West Virginia	7	6	7	7	8	1.0	0.8	1.0	1.0	1.1
Wisconsin	23	20	25	21	30	0.8	0.7	0.8	0.7	1.0
Wyoming	3	3	4	4	4	1.1	1.0	1.4	1.4	1.4
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 6. Job openings levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)			Rates
	Dec. 2021	Nov. 2022	Dec. 2022(p)	Dec. 2021	Nov. 2022	Dec. 2022(p)
TOTAL U.S.	10,353	9,727	9,957	6.4	5.9	6.0
Alabama	137	143	144	6.2	6.3	6.4
Alaska	29	20	26	8.8	6.1	7.6
Arizona	220	198	200	6.7	5.9	6.0
Arkansas	80	86	89	5.7	6.1	6.3
California	1,116	1,174	1,087	6.1	6.1	5.7
Colorado	206	186	199	6.8	6.0	6.4
Connecticut	98	95	91	5.6	5.3	5.1
Delaware	25	31	29	5.1	6.2	5.8
District of Columbia	33	40	43	4.2	5.0	5.3
Florida	638	630	589	6.5	6.1	5.7
Georgia	399	380	339	7.8	7.2	6.5
Hawaii	60	34	39	9.0	5.1	5.8
Idaho	61	55	60	7.1	6.2	6.8
Illinois	406	369	435	6.4	5.7	6.6
Indiana	237	200	183	6.9	5.8	5.4
Iowa	113	107	120	6.7	6.3	7.0
Kansas	88	86	90	6.0	5.7	5.9
Kentucky	155	152	140	7.4	7.1	6.6
Louisiana	129	158	166	6.3	7.5	7.8
Maine	46	38	43	6.9	5.5	6.3
Maryland	200	174	186	6.9	5.9	6.3
Massachusetts	254	230	241	6.6	5.8	6.1
Michigan	298	267	291	6.5	5.7	6.2
Minnesota	213	176	210	6.9	5.6	6.6
Mississippi	81	75	79	6.5	6.0	6.4
Missouri	217	191	200	7.0	6.0	6.3
Montana	46	34	42	8.4	6.3	7.6
Nebraska	71	56	66	6.5	5.1	6.0
Nevada	102	95	92	6.6	6.0	5.8
New Hampshire	62	45	50	8.5	6.1	6.8
New Jersey	274	200	236	6.2	4.5	5.2
New Mexico	58	61	63	6.4	6.6	6.8
New York	559	404	425	5.6	4.0	4.2
North Carolina	383	330	339	7.5	6.3	6.5
North Dakota	31	24	32	6.7	5.3	6.9
Ohio	365	337	361	6.3	5.7	6.1
Oklahoma	112	116	118	6.3	6.4	6.5
Oregon	140	125	138	6.8	5.9	6.4
Pennsylvania	461	411	424	7.3	6.3	6.5
Rhode Island	34	30	30	6.4	5.6	5.7
South Carolina	172	158	165	7.3	6.5	6.8
South Dakota	32	26	29	6.7	5.4	5.9
Tennessee	206	239	229	6.0	6.8	6.5
Texas	818	811	855	5.8	5.5	5.8
Utah	122	99	109	6.9	5.5	6.1
Vermont	29	17	23	8.6	5.4	6.9
Virginia	282	304	308	6.6	6.8	7.0
Washington	185	193	197	5.1	5.1	5.2
West Virginia	49	57	63	6.5	7.4	8.2
Wisconsin	194	243	222	6.3	7.5	7.0
Wyoming	28	16	23	9.1	5.5	7.3
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 7. Hires levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)			Rates
	Dec. 2021	Nov. 2022	Dec. 2022(p)	Dec. 2021	Nov. 2022	Dec. 2022(p)
TOTAL U.S.	4,825	5,568	4,556	3.2	3.6	2.9
Alabama	70	90	72	3.4	4.2	3.4
Alaska	11	12	11	3.7	3.8	3.6
Arizona	109	123	91	3.5	3.9	2.9
Arkansas	48	52	44	3.6	3.9	3.3
California	482	585	398	2.8	3.3	2.2
Colorado	94	103	81	3.3	3.6	2.8
Connecticut	43	50	38	2.6	3.0	2.2
Delaware	14	20	15	3.0	4.4	3.3
District of Columbia	14	22	18	1.9	2.8	2.3
Florida	292	356	288	3.2	3.7	3.0
Georgia	195	197	175	4.1	4.0	3.6
Hawaii	25	22	19	4.1	3.5	2.9
Idaho	30	32	25	3.7	3.8	3.0
Illinois	217	230	237	3.6	3.7	3.9
Indiana	117	144	106	3.7	4.4	3.3
Iowa	48	59	53	3.1	3.7	3.4
Kansas	42	51	45	3.0	3.6	3.2
Kentucky	83	91	70	4.3	4.6	3.5
Louisiana	67	84	77	3.5	4.3	3.9
Maine	20	23	17	3.2	3.6	2.7
Maryland	75	102	82	2.8	3.7	3.0
Massachusetts	91	109	83	2.5	2.9	2.2
Michigan	160	156	161	3.7	3.5	3.7
Minnesota	78	95	95	2.7	3.2	3.2
Mississippi	39	49	44	3.4	4.2	3.8
Missouri	82	98	111	2.8	3.3	3.8
Montana	22	22	21	4.4	4.4	4.1
Nebraska	35	36	35	3.5	3.4	3.3
Nevada	45	66	42	3.1	4.4	2.8
New Hampshire	24	22	22	3.5	3.2	3.2
New Jersey	105	117	92	2.5	2.7	2.1
New Mexico	20	28	23	2.4	3.3	2.7
New York	234	249	208	2.5	2.6	2.2
North Carolina	163	187	160	3.5	3.8	3.3
North Dakota	16	16	15	3.7	3.8	3.5
Ohio	168	208	151	3.1	3.8	2.7
Oklahoma	64	72	63	3.8	4.2	3.7
Oregon	54	70	57	2.8	3.5	2.8
Pennsylvania	178	175	133	3.0	2.9	2.2
Rhode Island	14	16	13	2.8	3.1	2.6
South Carolina	84	100	84	3.8	4.4	3.7
South Dakota	15	18	15	3.4	3.9	3.3
Tennessee	116	153	115	3.6	4.6	3.5
Texas	512	575	436	3.9	4.2	3.2
Utah	50	60	55	3.0	3.5	3.2
Vermont	13	9	10	4.3	3.0	3.2
Virginia	134	154	132	3.3	3.7	3.2
Washington	82	118	93	2.4	3.3	2.6
West Virginia	25	32	26	3.6	4.4	3.7
Wisconsin	95	97	89	3.3	3.2	3.0
Wyoming	12	11	12	4.2	3.8	4.0
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 8. Total separations levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)			Rates
	Dec. 2021	Nov. 2022	Dec. 2022(p)	Dec. 2021	Nov. 2022	Dec. 2022(p)
TOTAL U.S.	5,645	5,173	5,565	3.8	3.3	3.6
Alabama	87	83	84	4.2	3.9	4.0
Alaska	20	26	16	6.5	8.4	5.0
Arizona	124	116	110	4.0	3.7	3.5
Arkansas	62	58	52	4.7	4.3	3.9
California	546	507	556	3.2	2.8	3.1
Colorado	125	132	134	4.4	4.6	4.6
Connecticut	48	49	59	2.9	2.9	3.5
Delaware	21	22	19	4.7	4.7	4.1
District of Columbia	24	19	24	3.1	2.5	3.1
Florida	402	300	354	4.4	3.1	3.7
Georgia	227	191	200	4.8	3.9	4.1
Hawaii	15	18	19	2.5	2.8	3.0
Idaho	37	38	46	4.6	4.5	5.5
Illinois	220	254	233	3.7	4.1	3.8
Indiana	136	118	139	4.3	3.7	4.3
Iowa	53	64	65	3.4	4.0	4.1
Kansas	43	49	53	3.1	3.4	3.7
Kentucky	102	81	89	5.3	4.1	4.5
Louisiana	83	93	96	4.3	4.7	4.9
Maine	23	29	27	3.7	4.5	4.2
Maryland	96	91	90	3.5	3.3	3.3
Massachusetts	118	96	100	3.3	2.6	2.7
Michigan	184	138	166	4.3	3.1	3.8
Minnesota	116	100	106	4.0	3.4	3.6
Mississippi	51	45	48	4.4	3.8	4.2
Missouri	113	84	111	3.9	2.8	3.8
Montana	22	30	25	4.4	5.9	5.0
Nebraska	36	33	35	3.6	3.1	3.4
Nevada	58	66	66	4.1	4.5	4.4
New Hampshire	25	32	31	3.7	4.6	4.5
New Jersey	129	120	155	3.1	2.8	3.6
New Mexico	36	35	37	4.3	4.0	4.3
New York	249	196	243	2.7	2.0	2.5
North Carolina	203	177	152	4.3	3.6	3.1
North Dakota	18	17	18	4.3	3.9	4.2
Ohio	199	174	185	3.7	3.1	3.3
Oklahoma	70	69	71	4.2	4.0	4.2
Oregon	79	86	82	4.1	4.3	4.1
Pennsylvania	162	153	195	2.7	2.5	3.2
Rhode Island	22	18	20	4.4	3.5	4.0
South Carolina	107	87	100	4.9	3.9	4.4
South Dakota	15	17	17	3.5	3.8	3.8
Tennessee	138	141	137	4.3	4.3	4.1
Texas	483	443	502	3.7	3.2	3.6
Utah	68	67	79	4.1	4.0	4.7
Vermont	13	12	11	4.4	4.0	3.5
Virginia	172	133	140	4.3	3.2	3.4
Washington	112	128	122	3.2	3.6	3.4
West Virginia	31	33	34	4.5	4.6	4.7
Wisconsin	109	85	98	3.8	2.9	3.3
Wyoming	12	20	13	4.2	6.9	4.7
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 9. Quits levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)			Rates
	Dec. 2021	Nov. 2022	Dec. 2022(p)	Dec. 2021	Nov. 2022	Dec. 2022(p)
TOTAL U.S.	3,826	3,501	3,530	2.5	2.3	2.3
Alabama	55	61	54	2.7	2.9	2.6
Alaska	13	14	10	4.3	4.5	3.3
Arizona	93	77	81	3.0	2.4	2.6
Arkansas	39	39	34	3.0	2.9	2.5
California	380	377	326	2.2	2.1	1.8
Colorado	73	73	92	2.6	2.5	3.2
Connecticut	32	30	37	2.0	1.8	2.2
Delaware	14	15	12	3.1	3.2	2.7
District of Columbia	14	13	15	1.8	1.6	1.9
Florida	315	225	274	3.4	2.3	2.8
Georgia	157	138	140	3.3	2.8	2.9
Hawaii	10	11	12	1.7	1.8	2.0
Idaho	24	21	30	3.0	2.6	3.6
Illinois	145	121	132	2.4	2.0	2.1
Indiana	92	88	80	2.9	2.7	2.5
Iowa	31	43	37	2.0	2.7	2.3
Kansas	29	33	31	2.1	2.3	2.2
Kentucky	65	56	62	3.3	2.8	3.1
Louisiana	57	66	62	3.0	3.4	3.2
Maine	16	17	15	2.6	2.6	2.4
Maryland	60	65	48	2.2	2.3	1.8
Massachusetts	82	66	56	2.3	1.7	1.5
Michigan	128	89	102	3.0	2.0	2.3
Minnesota	74	68	63	2.6	2.3	2.1
Mississippi	35	31	33	3.0	2.7	2.8
Missouri	79	63	62	2.7	2.1	2.1
Montana	14	18	17	2.7	3.5	3.3
Nebraska	22	21	21	2.1	2.0	2.0
Nevada	38	40	46	2.7	2.7	3.1
New Hampshire	16	15	15	2.3	2.1	2.1
New Jersey	77	69	63	1.9	1.6	1.5
New Mexico	22	18	25	2.7	2.1	2.9
New York	163	126	154	1.7	1.3	1.6
North Carolina	133	122	103	2.8	2.5	2.1
North Dakota	10	10	10	2.4	2.3	2.3
Ohio	134	117	113	2.5	2.1	2.0
Oklahoma	48	50	43	2.9	2.9	2.5
Oregon	51	50	59	2.7	2.5	2.9
Pennsylvania	109	95	108	1.9	1.6	1.8
Rhode Island	14	10	11	2.8	2.0	2.2
South Carolina	66	65	66	3.0	2.9	2.9
South Dakota	9	12	10	2.1	2.6	2.3
Tennessee	98	102	94	3.1	3.1	2.9
Texas	339	353	357	2.6	2.6	2.6
Utah	48	42	58	2.9	2.5	3.4
Vermont	9	7	6	2.9	2.2	1.8
Virginia	119	90	86	3.0	2.2	2.1
Washington	67	78	75	2.0	2.2	2.1
West Virginia	21	23	21	3.1	3.2	3.0
Wisconsin	77	59	60	2.7	2.0	2.0
Wyoming	8	12	8	2.7	4.1	2.9
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 10. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)			Rates
	Dec. 2021	Nov. 2022	Dec. 2022(p)	Dec. 2021	Nov. 2022	Dec. 2022(p)
TOTAL U.S.	1,441	1,420	1,700	1.0	0.9	1.1
Alabama	24	19	26	1.2	0.9	1.2
Alaska	5	11	4	1.6	3.4	1.3
Arizona	24	33	22	0.8	1.0	0.7
Arkansas	18	17	15	1.3	1.2	1.2
California	128	100	195	0.7	0.6	1.1
Colorado	43	51	29	1.5	1.8	1.0
Connecticut	11	17	18	0.7	1.0	1.0
Delaware	6	6	6	1.3	1.3	1.3
District of Columbia	7	5	7	1.0	0.7	0.9
Florida	66	63	65	0.7	0.7	0.7
Georgia	62	44	50	1.3	0.9	1.0
Hawaii	3	5	5	0.6	0.9	0.8
Idaho	8	13	13	1.0	1.6	1.5
Illinois	63	128	91	1.1	2.1	1.5
Indiana	35	28	53	1.1	0.9	1.6
Iowa	18	14	23	1.2	0.9	1.5
Kansas	11	14	18	0.8	1.0	1.3
Kentucky	31	22	23	1.6	1.1	1.2
Louisiana	21	24	26	1.1	1.2	1.3
Maine	5	10	8	0.8	1.6	1.3
Maryland	30	23	36	1.1	0.8	1.3
Massachusetts	28	26	37	0.8	0.7	1.0
Michigan	44	45	57	1.0	1.0	1.3
Minnesota	33	28	36	1.2	0.9	1.2
Mississippi	12	12	13	1.1	1.0	1.1
Missouri	24	18	42	0.8	0.6	1.4
Montana	6	10	7	1.1	2.0	1.3
Nebraska	12	9	13	1.2	0.9	1.2
Nevada	14	22	16	1.0	1.5	1.1
New Hampshire	6	15	14	0.9	2.2	2.0
New Jersey	43	46	85	1.0	1.1	2.0
New Mexico	9	14	9	1.0	1.6	1.0
New York	67	64	74	0.7	0.7	0.8
North Carolina	56	44	43	1.2	0.9	0.9
North Dakota	7	6	7	1.6	1.4	1.7
Ohio	52	47	60	1.0	0.8	1.1
Oklahoma	17	15	24	1.0	0.9	1.4
Oregon	21	27	17	1.1	1.3	0.8
Pennsylvania	38	46	62	0.6	0.8	1.0
Rhode Island	6	6	7	1.3	1.2	1.5
South Carolina	36	19	29	1.6	0.8	1.3
South Dakota	5	5	6	1.1	1.0	1.3
Tennessee	32	34	33	1.0	1.0	1.0
Texas	125	78	129	1.0	0.6	0.9
Utah	13	20	16	0.8	1.2	0.9
Vermont	4	4	4	1.3	1.5	1.2
Virginia	41	36	45	1.0	0.9	1.1
Washington	32	40	37	0.9	1.1	1.0
West Virginia	8	8	10	1.1	1.1	1.4
Wisconsin	26	22	34	0.9	0.7	1.1
Wyoming	3	7	4	1.1	2.3	1.4
Footnotes (p) Preliminary