State Job Openings and Labor Turnover News Release

For release 10:00 a.m. (ET) Wednesday, February 19, 2025  USDL-25-0225
Technical information:	(202) 691-5870  •  JoltsInfo@bls.gov  •  www.bls.gov/jlt
Media contact:	        (202) 691-5902  •  PressOffice@bls.gov

                       STATE JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – DECEMBER 2024

Job openings rates decreased in 5 states on the last business day of December, the U.S. Bureau of Labor 
Statistics reported today. Hires rates increased in 2 states. Total separations rates increased in 3 states 
and decreased in 2 states. Nationally, the job openings rate decreased in December, while the hires and 
total separations rates were unchanged.

This release includes estimates of the number and rate of job openings, hires, total separations, quits, and 
layoffs and discharges for the total nonfarm sector and for all states and the District of Columbia. 

Job Openings

In December, job openings rates decreased in 5 states and were little changed in 45 states and the 
District of Columbia. The largest decreases in job openings rates occurred in Colorado  
(-1.2 percentage points) and Maryland (-0.8 point), as well as in Florida and Virginia (-0.7 point each). 
Over the month, the national job openings rate decreased (-0.4 point). (See table 1.)

The number of job openings decreased in 8 states and changed little in 42 states and the District of 
Columbia in December. The largest decreases in the job openings level occurred in California  
(-117,000), Florida (-73,000), and Colorado (-39,000). Nationally, the number of job openings decreased 
(-556,000). (See table 1.)

Hires

In December, hires rates increased in 2 states and were little changed in 48 states and the District of 
Columbia. The increases in the hires rates occurred in Utah (+0.9 percentage point) and in Pennsylvania  
(+0.5 point). The national hires rate was unchanged over the month. (See table 2.)

The number of hires increased in 2 states and was little changed in 48 states and the District of 
Columbia in December. The increases in the hires level occurred in Pennsylvania (+32,000) and in Utah 
(+16,000). Nationally, the number of hires changed little over the month. (See table 2.)

Total Separations

In December, total separations rates increased in 3 states, decreased in 2 states, and were little changed 
in 45 states and the District of Columbia. The increases occurred in Rhode Island  
(+2.1 percentage points), Texas (+0.8 point), and New Jersey (+0.7 point). The decreases occurred in 
Colorado (-0.8 point) and California (-0.7 point). Over the month, the national total separations rate was 
unchanged. (See table 3.)

The number of total separations increased in 4 states, decreased in 3 states, and changed little in 43 
states and the District of Columbia in December. The largest increases occurred in Texas (+127,000), 
New Jersey (+33,000), and South Carolina (+16,000). The decreases occurred in California (-131,000), 
Florida (-48,000), and Colorado (-22,000). Nationally, the number of total separations changed little 
over the month. (See table 3.)
 
Quits

In December, quits rates increased in 2 states, decreased in 2 states, and were little changed in 46 states 
and the District of Columbia. The increases occurred in Texas (+0.8 percentage point) and New York  
(+0.3 point). The decreases occurred in Florida (-0.9 point) and Colorado (-0.8 point). Over the month, 
the national quits rate was unchanged. (See table 4.)

The number of quits increased in 2 states, decreased in 2 states, and was little changed in 46 states and 
the District of Columbia in December. The increases occurred in Texas (+105,000) and New York 
(+28,000). The decreases occurred in Florida (-90,000) and Colorado (-25,000). Nationally, the number 
of quits changed little. (See table 4.)

Layoffs and Discharges

In December, layoffs and discharges rates increased in 2 states, decreased in 1 state, and were little 
changed in 47 states and the District of Columbia. The increases in layoffs and discharges rates occurred 
in Rhode Island (+2.1 percentage points) and New Jersey (+0.6 point). The decrease occurred in 
California (-0.8 point). The national layoffs and discharges rate was unchanged over the month.  
(See table 5.)

The number of layoffs and discharges increased in 3 states, decreased in 2 states, and changed little in 
45 states and the District of Columbia in December. The increases in the layoffs and discharges level 
occurred in Florida (+37,000), New Jersey (+23,000), and Rhode Island (+11,000). The decreases 
occurred in California (-143,000) and Utah (-8,000). Nationally, the number of layoffs and discharges 
was little changed. (See table 5.)

For more information, please see the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS) interactive 
charts at www.bls.gov/charts/state-job-openings-and-labor-turnover/state-job-openings-rates.htm#.  
	
State Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey estimates for January 2025 are scheduled to be 
released on Thursday, March 20, 2025, at 10:00 a.m. (ET).
     


    

Technical Note

This news release presents statistics from the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The JOLTS 
program provides information on labor demand and turnover. Additional information about the JOLTS program can 
be found at www.bls.gov/jlt/. State estimates are published for job openings, hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, and 
total separations. The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments, as well as civilian federal, state, 
and local government entities in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Starting with data for January 2023, 
industries are classified in accordance with the 2022 North American Industry Classification System.

Definitions

Employment. Employment includes persons on the payroll who worked or received pay for the pay period that 
includes the 12th day of the reference month. Full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term, seasonal, salaried, and 
hourly employees are included, as are employees on paid vacation or other paid leave. Proprietors or partners of 
unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, or employees on strike for the entire pay period, and employees 
on leave without pay for the entire pay period are not counted as employed. Employees of temporary help agencies, 
employee leasing companies, outside contractors, and consultants are counted by their employer of record, not by 
the establishment where they are working. JOLTS does not publish employment estimates but uses the reported 
employment for validation of the other reported data elements.

Job Openings. Job openings include all positions that are open on the last business day of the reference month. 
A job is open only if it meets all three of these conditions: 
* A specific position exists and there is work available for that position. The position can be full-time or part-
time, and it can be permanent, short-term, or seasonal. 
* The job could start within 30 days, whether or not the employer can find a suitable candidate during that time. 
* The employer is actively recruiting workers from outside the establishment to fill the position. Active recruiting 
means that the establishment is taking steps to fill a position. It may include advertising in newspapers, on 
television, or on the radio; posting internet notices, posting "help wanted" signs, networking, or making "word-
of-mouth" announcements; accepting applications; interviewing candidates; contacting employment agencies; 
or soliciting employees at job fairs, state or local employment offices, or similar sources.

Excluded are positions open only to internal transfers, promotions or demotions, or recall from layoffs. Also 
excluded are openings for positions with start dates more than 30 days in the future; positions for which employees 
have been hired but the employees have not yet reported for work; and positions to be filled by employees of 
temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The job openings rate is 
computed by dividing the number of job openings by the sum of employment and job openings and multiplying that 
quotient by 100.

Hires. Hires include all additions to the payroll during the entire reference month, including newly hired and 
rehired employees; full-time and part-time employees; permanent, short-term, and seasonal employees; employees 
who were recalled to a job at the location following a layoff (formal suspension from pay status) lasting more than 7 
days; on-call or intermittent employees who returned to work after having been formally separated; workers who 
were hired and separated during the month, and transfers from other locations. Excluded are transfers or promotions 
within the reporting location, employees returning from strike, employees of temporary help agencies, employee 
leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The hires rate is computed by dividing the number of hires by 
employment and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Separations. Separations include all separations from the payroll during the entire reference month and is 
reported by type of separation:  quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Quits include employees who 
left voluntarily, with the exception of retirements or transfers to other locations. Layoffs and discharges includes 
involuntary separations initiated by the employer, such as layoffs with no intent to rehire; layoffs (formal 
suspensions from pay status) lasting or expected to last more than 7 days; discharges resulting from mergers, 
downsizing, or closings; firings or other discharges for cause; terminations of permanent or short-term employees; 
and terminations of seasonal employees (whether or not they are expected to return the next season). Other 
separations include retirements, transfers to other locations, separations due to employee disability; and deaths. 
Other separations comprise less than 8 percent of total separations. Other separations rates are generally very low, 
and other separations variance estimates are relatively high. Consequently, the other separations component is not 
published for states. 

Excluded from separations are transfers within the same location; employees on strike; employees of temporary help 
agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The separations rate is computed by 
dividing the number of separations by employment and multiplying that quotient by 100. The quits and layoffs and 
discharges rates are computed similarly.

State Estimation Method

The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random sample of approximately 21,000 nonfarm business and 
government establishments. The sample is stratified by ownership, region, industry sector, and establishment size 
class. The JOLTS sample of 21,000 establishments does not directly support the production of sample-based state 
estimates. However, state estimates have been produced by combining the available sample with model-based 
estimates.

The state estimates consist of four major estimating models; the Composite Regional model (an unpublished 
intermediate model), the Synthetic model (an unpublished intermediate model), the Composite Synthetic model 
(published historical series through the most current benchmark year), and the Extended Composite Synthetic model 
(published current-year monthly series). The Composite Regional model uses JOLTS microdata, JOLTS regional 
published estimates, and Current Employment Statistics (CES) employment data. The Composite Synthetic model 
uses JOLTS microdata and Synthetic model estimates derived from monthly employment changes in microdata from 
the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW), and JOLTS published regional data. The Extended 
Composite Synthetic model extends the Composite Synthetic estimates by ratio-adjusting the Composite Synthetic 
model by the ratio of the current Composite Regional model estimate to the Composite Regional model estimate 
from the previous year.

The Extended Composite Synthetic model (and its major component-the Composite Regional model) is used 
to extend the Composite Synthetic estimates because all of the inputs required by this model are available at the time 
monthly estimate are produced. In contrast, the Composite Synthetic model (and its major component-the 
Synthetic model) can only be produced when the latest QCEW data are available. The Extended Composite 
Synthetic model estimates are used to extend the Composite Synthetic model estimates during the annual JOLTS
retabulation process. The extension of the Composite Synthetic model using current data-based Composite Regional 
model estimates ensures that the Composite Synthetic model estimates reflect current economic trends.

The Composite Regional approach calculates state-level JOLTS estimates from JOLTS microdata using sample 
weights and the adjustments for non-response. The Composite Regional estimate is then benchmarked to CES state-
supersector employment to produce state-supersector estimates. The JOLTS sample, by itself, cannot ensure a 
reasonably sized sample for each state-supersector cell. The small JOLTS sample results in several state-supersector 
cells that lack enough data to produce a reasonable estimate. To overcome this issue, the state-level estimates 
derived directly from the JOLTS sample are augmented using JOLTS regional estimates when the number of 
respondents is low (that is, less than 30). This approach is known as a composite estimate, which leverages the small 
JOLTS sample to the greatest extent possible and supplements that with a model-based estimate. Previous research 
has found that regional industry estimates are a good proxy at finer levels of geographical detail. That is, one can 
make a reliable prediction of JOLTS estimates at the regional-level using only national industry-level JOLTS rates. 
The assumption in this approach is that one can make a good prediction of JOLTS estimates at the state-level using 
only regional industry-level JOLTS rates.)

In this approach, the JOLTS microdata-based estimate is used, without model augmentation, in all state-
supersector cells that have 30 or more respondents. The JOLTS regional estimate will be used, without a sample-
based component, in all state-supersector cells that have fewer than five respondents. In all state-supersector cells 
with 5 to 30 respondents, an estimate is calculated that is a composition of a weighted estimate of the microdata-
based estimate and a weighted estimate of the JOLTS regional estimate. The weight assigned to the JOLTS data in 
those cells is proportional to the number of JOLTS respondents in the cell (weight=n/30, where n is the number of 
respondents). The sum of state estimates within a region is made equal to the aligned regional JOLTS published 
regional estimates.

Seasonal adjustment. BLS uses the seasonal adjustment program (X-13ARIMA-SEATS) to seasonally adjust 
the JOLTS series. Each month, a concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology uses all relevant data, up to and 
including the current month, to calculate new seasonal adjustment factors. Moving averages are used as seasonal 
filters in seasonal adjustment. JOLTS seasonal adjustment includes both additive and multiplicative models, as well 
as regression with autocorrelated errors (REGARIMA) modeling, to improve the seasonal adjustment factors at the 
beginning and end of the series and to detect and adjust for outliers in the series. 

Annual estimates and benchmarking. The JOLTS state estimates utilize and leverage data from three BLS 
programs; JOLTS, CES, and QCEW. These state estimates are published as a historical series made up of a 
historical annually revised benchmark component ofthe Composite Synthetic model and a current component of the 
Extended Composite Synthetic model that provides monthly "real-time" estimates between lagged benchmarks.

The JOLTS employment levels are ratio-adjusted to the CES employment levels, and the resulting ratios are 
applied to all JOLTS data elements.

The seasonally adjusted estimates are recalculated for the most recent 5 years to reflect updated seasonal 
adjustment factors. These annual updates result in revisions to both the seasonally adjusted and not seasonally 
adjusted JOLTS data series for the period since the last benchmark was established.

Annual levels for hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total separations are the sum of the 
12 published monthly levels. 

Annual average levels for job openings are calculated by dividing the sum of the 12 published monthly levels 
by 12. 

Annual average rates for hires, total separations quits, and layoffs and discharges are calculated by dividing the 
sum of the 12 monthly JOLTS published levels for each data element by the sum of the 12 monthly CES published 
employment levels, and multiplying that quotient by 100. 

Annual average rates for job openings are calculated by dividing the sum of the 12 monthly JOLTS published 
levels by the sum of the 12 monthly CES published employment levels plus the sum of the 12 monthly job openings 
levels, and multiplying that quotient by 100.)

Reliability of the estimates

JOLTS estimates are subject to two types of error:  sampling error and nonsampling error.

Sampling error can result when a sample, rather than an entire population, is surveyed. There is a chance that 
the sample estimates may differ from the true population values they represent. The exact difference, or sampling 
error, varies with the sample selected, and this variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. BLS 
analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence. This means that there is a 90-percent chance 
that the true population mean will fall into the interval created by the sample mean plus or minus 1.65 standard 
errors. Estimates of median standard errors are released monthly as part of the significant change tables on the 
JOLTS webpage. Standard errors are updated annually with the most recent 5 years of data. For sampling error 
estimates, see www.bls.gov/jlt/jolts_median_standard_errors.htm.

Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, including the failure to include a segment of the population, the 
inability to obtain data from all units in the sample, the inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide data on a 
timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, errors made in the collection or processing of the data, and errors from 
the employment benchmark data used in estimation. The JOLTS program uses quality control procedures to reduce 
nonsampling error in the survey's design. 

The JOLTS state variance estimates account for both sampling error and the error attributable to modeling. A 
small area domain model uses a Bayesian approach to develop estimates of JOLTS state variance. The small area 
model uses QCEW-based JOLTS synthetic model data to generate a Bayesian prior distribution, then updates the 
prior distribution using JOLTS microdata and sample-based variance estimates at the state and US Census regional 
level to generate a Bayesian posterior distribution. Once the Bayesian posterior distribution has been generated, 
estimates of JOLTS state variances are made by drawing 2,500 estimates from the Bayesian posterior distribution. 
This Bayesian approach thus indirectly accounts for sampling error and directly for model error.

Other information

If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access telecommunications 
relay services.

Table 1. Job openings levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)						Rates
	Dec. 2023	Sept. 2024	Oct. 2024	Nov. 2024	Dec. 2024(p)	Change from: Nov. 2024 - Dec. 2024(p)	Dec. 2023	Sept. 2024	Oct. 2024	Nov. 2024	Dec. 2024(p)	Change from: Nov. 2024 - Dec. 2024(p)
TOTAL U.S.	8,889	7,372	7,839	8,156	7,600	-556	5.3	4.4	4.7	4.9	4.5	-0.4
Alabama	134	115	134	132	127	-5	5.8	4.9	5.7	5.6	5.4	-0.2
Alaska	26	24	24	24	22	-2	7.2	6.6	6.6	6.6	6.0	-0.6
Arizona	167	180	172	199	173	-26	4.9	5.2	5.0	5.7	5.0	-0.7
Arkansas	85	97	83	87	84	-3	5.9	6.6	5.7	5.9	5.7	-0.2
California	876	609	626	749	632	-117	4.7	3.3	3.3	4.0	3.4	-0.6
Colorado	205	159	258	167	128	-39	6.5	5.0	7.9	5.3	4.1	-1.2
Connecticut	89	81	74	78	74	-4	5.0	4.5	4.2	4.4	4.1	-0.3
Delaware	29	24	29	29	27	-2	5.6	4.7	5.6	5.6	5.2	-0.4
District of Columbia	37	35	37	38	34	-4	4.6	4.3	4.6	4.7	4.2	-0.5
Florida	524	405	494	522	449	-73	5.0	3.9	4.7	5.0	4.3	-0.7
Georgia	287	220	298	305	301	-4	5.5	4.2	5.6	5.8	5.7	-0.1
Hawaii	30	27	27	28	24	-4	4.5	4.1	4.1	4.2	3.6	-0.6
Idaho	48	47	50	45	40	-5	5.3	5.1	5.4	4.8	4.3	-0.5
Illinois	370	288	278	277	281	4	5.7	4.5	4.3	4.3	4.4	0.1
Indiana	165	144	154	166	164	-2	4.8	4.2	4.5	4.8	4.7	-0.1
Iowa	83	73	76	70	70	0	4.9	4.4	4.5	4.2	4.2	0.0
Kansas	79	74	77	75	74	-1	5.2	4.8	5.0	4.9	4.8	-0.1
Kentucky	115	120	141	149	143	-6	5.4	5.5	6.4	6.8	6.5	-0.3
Louisiana	123	97	118	114	112	-2	5.9	4.7	5.7	5.5	5.4	-0.1
Maine	42	36	39	33	34	1	6.0	5.2	5.6	4.8	4.9	0.1
Maryland	170	139	165	165	141	-24	5.9	4.8	5.6	5.6	4.8	-0.8
Massachusetts	239	184	174	191	198	7	6.0	4.7	4.4	4.9	5.0	0.1
Michigan	269	221	227	210	198	-12	5.7	4.7	4.8	4.5	4.2	-0.3
Minnesota	193	184	189	168	168	0	6.0	5.7	5.9	5.2	5.2	0.0
Mississippi	74	54	75	71	62	-9	5.9	4.3	5.9	5.6	4.9	-0.7
Missouri	172	175	193	178	176	-2	5.4	5.4	5.9	5.5	5.4	-0.1
Montana	36	31	31	34	28	-6	6.4	5.4	5.5	6.0	5.0	-1.0
Nebraska	60	53	54	52	54	2	5.4	4.7	4.8	4.6	4.8	0.2
Nevada	88	76	75	79	71	-8	5.3	4.6	4.5	4.8	4.3	-0.5
New Hampshire	41	43	32	36	36	0	5.5	5.7	4.3	4.8	4.8	0.0
New Jersey	222	214	200	199	193	-6	4.8	4.6	4.4	4.3	4.2	-0.1
New Mexico	58	55	55	56	51	-5	6.2	5.8	5.8	5.9	5.4	-0.5
New York	478	508	422	467	486	19	4.7	4.9	4.1	4.5	4.7	0.2
North Carolina	270	257	275	325	290	-35	5.2	4.9	5.2	6.1	5.4	-0.7
North Dakota	28	25	25	25	25	0	6.0	5.3	5.3	5.3	5.2	-0.1
Ohio	338	272	288	301	301	0	5.7	4.6	4.8	5.0	5.0	0.0
Oklahoma	111	90	114	108	103	-5	5.9	4.8	6.0	5.7	5.4	-0.3
Oregon	103	106	100	102	94	-8	5.0	5.1	4.8	4.9	4.5	-0.4
Pennsylvania	354	289	225	313	280	-33	5.5	4.4	3.5	4.8	4.3	-0.5
Rhode Island	31	32	26	28	27	-1	5.7	5.9	4.8	5.2	5.0	-0.2
South Carolina	159	122	154	156	145	-11	6.4	4.8	6.0	6.1	5.7	-0.4
South Dakota	30	24	25	24	24	0	6.0	4.9	5.1	4.9	4.9	0.0
Tennessee	186	161	182	163	155	-8	5.3	4.6	5.2	4.6	4.4	-0.2
Texas	876	506	591	660	604	-56	5.9	3.4	4.0	4.4	4.0	-0.4
Utah	90	90	91	87	74	-13	4.9	4.8	4.9	4.7	4.0	-0.7
Vermont	16	17	15	15	16	1	4.9	5.1	4.5	4.5	4.8	0.3
Virginia	271	224	276	286	253	-33	6.1	5.0	6.1	6.3	5.6	-0.7
Washington	165	158	157	163	146	-17	4.3	4.1	4.1	4.3	3.8	-0.5
West Virginia	53	40	49	52	45	-7	6.9	5.3	6.4	6.7	5.9	-0.8
Wisconsin	176	150	151	140	146	6	5.5	4.7	4.7	4.4	4.6	0.2
Wyoming	18	17	17	17	15	-2	5.8	5.4	5.4	5.4	4.8	-0.6
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 2. Hires levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)						Rates
	Dec. 2023	Sept. 2024	Oct. 2024	Nov. 2024	Dec. 2024(p)	Change from: Nov. 2024 - Dec. 2024(p)	Dec. 2023	Sept. 2024	Oct. 2024	Nov. 2024	Dec. 2024(p)	Change from: Nov. 2024 - Dec. 2024(p)
TOTAL U.S.	5,787	5,582	5,394	5,373	5,462	89	3.7	3.5	3.4	3.4	3.4	0.0
Alabama	101	80	77	80	83	3	4.6	3.6	3.5	3.6	3.7	0.1
Alaska	17	18	18	18	20	2	5.1	5.3	5.3	5.3	5.9	0.6
Arizona	128	122	108	115	121	6	4.0	3.7	3.3	3.5	3.7	0.2
Arkansas	69	58	54	51	54	3	5.1	4.2	3.9	3.7	3.9	0.2
California	539	539	488	525	515	-10	3.0	3.0	2.7	2.9	2.8	-0.1
Colorado	124	107	130	108	123	15	4.2	3.6	4.3	3.6	4.1	0.5
Connecticut	58	59	57	50	55	5	3.4	3.5	3.3	2.9	3.2	0.3
Delaware	23	21	18	19	19	0	4.7	4.3	3.7	3.9	3.9	0.0
District of Columbia	25	22	21	19	21	2	3.3	2.8	2.7	2.4	2.7	0.3
Florida	464	376	323	354	351	-3	4.7	3.8	3.2	3.5	3.5	0.0
Georgia	186	202	183	187	200	13	3.8	4.1	3.7	3.8	4.0	0.2
Hawaii	20	21	19	21	22	1	3.2	3.3	3.0	3.3	3.4	0.1
Idaho	34	40	46	36	39	3	4.0	4.6	5.2	4.1	4.4	0.3
Illinois	222	204	202	208	197	-11	3.6	3.3	3.3	3.4	3.2	-0.2
Indiana	113	119	130	143	137	-6	3.5	3.6	3.9	4.3	4.1	-0.2
Iowa	46	51	50	57	52	-5	2.9	3.2	3.1	3.6	3.2	-0.4
Kansas	48	55	48	52	52	0	3.3	3.7	3.3	3.5	3.5	0.0
Kentucky	106	79	73	73	75	2	5.2	3.9	3.6	3.6	3.7	0.1
Louisiana	92	85	90	79	84	5	4.7	4.3	4.6	4.0	4.3	0.3
Maine	23	24	29	25	25	0	3.5	3.7	4.4	3.8	3.8	0.0
Maryland	142	105	101	91	91	0	5.2	3.8	3.6	3.3	3.3	0.0
Massachusetts	105	113	100	118	101	-17	2.8	3.0	2.7	3.2	2.7	-0.5
Michigan	150	205	164	158	159	1	3.4	4.6	3.6	3.5	3.5	0.0
Minnesota	105	103	115	97	101	4	3.5	3.4	3.8	3.2	3.3	0.1
Mississippi	53	45	51	44	42	-2	4.5	3.8	4.3	3.7	3.5	-0.2
Missouri	89	101	92	107	102	-5	3.0	3.3	3.0	3.5	3.3	-0.2
Montana	26	35	24	26	28	2	5.0	6.5	4.5	4.8	5.2	0.4
Nebraska	37	38	36	39	38	-1	3.5	3.5	3.3	3.6	3.5	-0.1
Nevada	73	66	60	66	70	4	4.6	4.2	3.8	4.2	4.4	0.2
New Hampshire	25	28	26	25	26	1	3.5	3.9	3.6	3.5	3.6	0.1
New Jersey	149	128	139	133	151	18	3.4	2.9	3.2	3.0	3.4	0.4
New Mexico	33	35	32	34	40	6	3.7	3.9	3.6	3.8	4.5	0.7
New York	289	295	285	307	284	-23	3.0	3.0	2.9	3.1	2.9	-0.2
North Carolina	180	167	194	187	185	-2	3.6	3.3	3.9	3.7	3.7	0.0
North Dakota	18	16	16	18	20	2	4.1	3.6	3.6	4.0	4.4	0.4
Ohio	185	186	182	181	201	20	3.3	3.3	3.2	3.2	3.5	0.3
Oklahoma	83	72	85	66	72	6	4.7	4.0	4.7	3.7	4.0	0.3
Oregon	69	74	68	73	76	3	3.5	3.7	3.4	3.7	3.8	0.1
Pennsylvania	170	186	189	187	219	32	2.8	3.0	3.0	3.0	3.5	0.5
Rhode Island	20	22	21	20	20	0	3.9	4.3	4.1	3.9	3.9	0.0
South Carolina	108	111	102	97	101	4	4.6	4.6	4.3	4.0	4.2	0.2
South Dakota	18	18	17	19	19	0	3.8	3.8	3.6	4.1	4.1	0.0
Tennessee	137	138	132	115	115	0	4.2	4.1	3.9	3.4	3.4	0.0
Texas	591	515	544	455	438	-17	4.2	3.6	3.8	3.2	3.1	-0.1
Utah	66	66	63	68	84	16	3.8	3.7	3.6	3.8	4.7	0.9
Vermont	12	13	12	12	13	1	3.9	4.1	3.8	3.8	4.1	0.3
Virginia	165	165	137	144	152	8	3.9	3.9	3.2	3.4	3.6	0.2
Washington	109	114	104	116	118	2	3.0	3.1	2.9	3.2	3.2	0.0
West Virginia	34	30	30	30	29	-1	4.7	4.2	4.2	4.2	4.0	-0.2
Wisconsin	96	97	95	104	105	1	3.2	3.2	3.1	3.4	3.5	0.1
Wyoming	13	14	12	15	15	0	4.4	4.7	4.0	5.0	5.0	0.0
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 3. Total separations levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)						Rates
	Dec. 2023	Sept. 2024	Oct. 2024	Nov. 2024	Dec. 2024(p)	Change from: Nov. 2024 - Dec. 2024(p)	Dec. 2023	Sept. 2024	Oct. 2024	Nov. 2024	Dec. 2024(p)	Change from: Nov. 2024 - Dec. 2024(p)
TOTAL U.S.	5,419	5,196	5,306	5,231	5,269	38	3.4	3.3	3.3	3.3	3.3	0.0
Alabama	78	72	80	76	78	2	3.6	3.3	3.6	3.4	3.5	0.1
Alaska	20	17	20	21	19	-2	6.0	5.0	5.9	6.2	5.6	-0.6
Arizona	125	111	134	96	101	5	3.9	3.4	4.1	2.9	3.1	0.2
Arkansas	53	49	52	47	52	5	3.9	3.6	3.8	3.4	3.8	0.4
California	549	468	538	660	529	-131	3.1	2.6	3.0	3.6	2.9	-0.7
Colorado	102	82	142	110	88	-22	3.4	2.7	4.7	3.7	2.9	-0.8
Connecticut	60	54	60	51	52	1	3.5	3.2	3.5	3.0	3.0	0.0
Delaware	19	19	18	19	21	2	3.9	3.9	3.7	3.9	4.3	0.4
District of Columbia	23	21	21	20	22	2	3.0	2.7	2.7	2.6	2.8	0.2
Florida	371	378	338	339	291	-48	3.8	3.8	3.4	3.4	2.9	-0.5
Georgia	194	172	180	183	173	-10	3.9	3.5	3.6	3.7	3.5	-0.2
Hawaii	21	23	20	21	21	0	3.3	3.6	3.1	3.3	3.3	0.0
Idaho	35	40	39	39	37	-2	4.1	4.6	4.4	4.4	4.2	-0.2
Illinois	222	174	174	173	175	2	3.6	2.8	2.8	2.8	2.8	0.0
Indiana	115	126	144	132	119	-13	3.5	3.8	4.4	4.0	3.6	-0.4
Iowa	52	50	51	53	58	5	3.3	3.1	3.2	3.3	3.6	0.3
Kansas	48	47	46	49	52	3	3.3	3.2	3.1	3.3	3.5	0.2
Kentucky	68	71	79	73	78	5	3.4	3.5	3.9	3.6	3.8	0.2
Louisiana	79	83	87	75	82	7	4.0	4.2	4.4	3.8	4.2	0.4
Maine	24	24	27	23	23	0	3.7	3.7	4.1	3.5	3.5	0.0
Maryland	89	102	94	92	98	6	3.3	3.7	3.4	3.3	3.5	0.2
Massachusetts	91	86	94	101	94	-7	2.4	2.3	2.5	2.7	2.5	-0.2
Michigan	143	161	158	187	175	-12	3.2	3.6	3.5	4.2	3.9	-0.3
Minnesota	92	101	108	88	96	8	3.1	3.3	3.6	2.9	3.2	0.3
Mississippi	50	45	48	45	46	1	4.2	3.8	4.0	3.8	3.8	0.0
Missouri	103	98	96	98	97	-1	3.4	3.2	3.1	3.2	3.1	-0.1
Montana	27	24	26	27	27	0	5.1	4.5	4.9	5.0	5.0	0.0
Nebraska	37	34	35	36	36	0	3.5	3.2	3.2	3.3	3.3	0.0
Nevada	70	56	62	63	60	-3	4.5	3.5	3.9	4.0	3.8	-0.2
New Hampshire	23	25	24	28	23	-5	3.3	3.5	3.4	3.9	3.2	-0.7
New Jersey	127	128	131	130	163	33	2.9	2.9	3.0	3.0	3.7	0.7
New Mexico	31	33	31	35	33	-2	3.5	3.7	3.5	3.9	3.7	-0.2
New York	293	323	244	240	275	35	3.0	3.3	2.5	2.4	2.8	0.4
North Carolina	187	156	155	169	179	10	3.8	3.1	3.1	3.4	3.5	0.1
North Dakota	17	17	17	18	18	0	3.9	3.8	3.8	4.0	4.0	0.0
Ohio	192	194	202	189	200	11	3.4	3.4	3.6	3.3	3.5	0.2
Oklahoma	63	65	79	68	70	2	3.6	3.6	4.4	3.8	3.9	0.1
Oregon	69	71	78	73	73	0	3.5	3.6	3.9	3.7	3.7	0.0
Pennsylvania	183	197	155	153	155	2	3.0	3.2	2.5	2.5	2.5	0.0
Rhode Island	18	21	22	19	30	11	3.5	4.1	4.3	3.7	5.8	2.1
South Carolina	93	98	101	90	106	16	4.0	4.1	4.2	3.8	4.4	0.6
South Dakota	17	16	16	18	19	1	3.6	3.4	3.4	3.8	4.1	0.3
Tennessee	123	128	149	127	128	1	3.7	3.8	4.5	3.8	3.8	0.0
Texas	544	479	450	409	536	127	3.9	3.4	3.2	2.9	3.7	0.8
Utah	72	63	69	68	64	-4	4.1	3.6	3.9	3.8	3.6	-0.2
Vermont	11	12	12	12	10	-2	3.6	3.8	3.8	3.8	3.2	-0.6
Virginia	148	150	147	142	139	-3	3.5	3.5	3.5	3.3	3.3	0.0
Washington	108	101	108	108	112	4	3.0	2.8	3.0	2.9	3.0	0.1
West Virginia	31	27	30	32	29	-3	4.3	3.8	4.2	4.4	4.0	-0.4
Wisconsin	94	88	96	93	91	-2	3.1	2.9	3.2	3.1	3.0	-0.1
Wyoming	14	13	17	17	14	-3	4.8	4.4	5.7	5.7	4.7	-1.0
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 4. Quits levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)						Rates
	Dec. 2023	Sept. 2024	Oct. 2024	Nov. 2024	Dec. 2024(p)	Change from: Nov. 2024 - Dec. 2024(p)	Dec. 2023	Sept. 2024	Oct. 2024	Nov. 2024	Dec. 2024(p)	Change from: Nov. 2024 - Dec. 2024(p)
TOTAL U.S.	3,439	3,098	3,283	3,130	3,197	67	2.2	1.9	2.1	2.0	2.0	0.0
Alabama	56	48	52	52	54	2	2.6	2.2	2.3	2.3	2.4	0.1
Alaska	12	10	13	13	11	-2	3.6	2.9	3.8	3.8	3.2	-0.6
Arizona	72	65	88	59	61	2	2.2	2.0	2.7	1.8	1.9	0.1
Arkansas	36	31	33	31	33	2	2.7	2.3	2.4	2.2	2.4	0.2
California	315	274	328	337	349	12	1.8	1.5	1.8	1.9	1.9	0.0
Colorado	66	45	77	75	50	-25	2.2	1.5	2.6	2.5	1.7	-0.8
Connecticut	36	32	31	25	27	2	2.1	1.9	1.8	1.5	1.6	0.1
Delaware	13	12	11	12	13	1	2.7	2.5	2.3	2.5	2.7	0.2
District of Columbia	15	13	13	14	14	0	2.0	1.7	1.7	1.8	1.8	0.0
Florida	242	250	224	243	153	-90	2.5	2.5	2.3	2.4	1.5	-0.9
Georgia	143	98	118	115	106	-9	2.9	2.0	2.4	2.3	2.1	-0.2
Hawaii	13	13	12	13	13	0	2.1	2.0	1.9	2.0	2.0	0.0
Idaho	21	21	24	24	23	-1	2.5	2.4	2.7	2.7	2.6	-0.1
Illinois	138	92	112	100	93	-7	2.3	1.5	1.8	1.6	1.5	-0.1
Indiana	68	87	104	84	72	-12	2.1	2.6	3.1	2.5	2.2	-0.3
Iowa	34	31	34	33	36	3	2.1	1.9	2.1	2.1	2.2	0.1
Kansas	30	29	29	27	30	3	2.1	2.0	2.0	1.8	2.0	0.2
Kentucky	46	43	50	46	46	0	2.3	2.1	2.4	2.2	2.2	0.0
Louisiana	51	50	53	47	51	4	2.6	2.6	2.7	2.4	2.6	0.2
Maine	16	14	13	12	13	1	2.4	2.1	2.0	1.8	2.0	0.2
Maryland	60	66	55	56	59	3	2.2	2.4	2.0	2.0	2.1	0.1
Massachusetts	56	51	49	51	48	-3	1.5	1.4	1.3	1.4	1.3	-0.1
Michigan	81	95	96	92	94	2	1.8	2.1	2.1	2.0	2.1	0.1
Minnesota	63	63	63	58	62	4	2.1	2.1	2.1	1.9	2.0	0.1
Mississippi	33	30	30	29	29	0	2.8	2.5	2.5	2.4	2.4	0.0
Missouri	68	58	65	63	63	0	2.3	1.9	2.1	2.0	2.0	0.0
Montana	17	13	16	16	15	-1	3.2	2.4	3.0	3.0	2.8	-0.2
Nebraska	22	20	23	22	21	-1	2.1	1.9	2.1	2.0	1.9	-0.1
Nevada	39	31	39	36	36	0	2.5	2.0	2.5	2.3	2.3	0.0
New Hampshire	15	12	12	11	12	1	2.1	1.7	1.7	1.5	1.7	0.2
New Jersey	77	59	62	62	75	13	1.8	1.3	1.4	1.4	1.7	0.3
New Mexico	19	18	19	21	19	-2	2.2	2.0	2.1	2.4	2.1	-0.3
New York	164	180	164	130	158	28	1.7	1.8	1.7	1.3	1.6	0.3
North Carolina	107	90	91	96	114	18	2.2	1.8	1.8	1.9	2.3	0.4
North Dakota	11	10	12	10	10	0	2.5	2.2	2.7	2.2	2.2	0.0
Ohio	113	109	135	123	118	-5	2.0	1.9	2.4	2.2	2.1	-0.1
Oklahoma	41	41	53	44	46	2	2.3	2.3	3.0	2.4	2.6	0.2
Oregon	44	39	49	45	45	0	2.2	2.0	2.5	2.3	2.3	0.0
Pennsylvania	128	128	91	91	94	3	2.1	2.1	1.5	1.5	1.5	0.0
Rhode Island	11	13	10	9	10	1	2.2	2.5	1.9	1.7	1.9	0.2
South Carolina	64	57	62	61	73	12	2.7	2.4	2.6	2.5	3.0	0.5
South Dakota	11	11	11	11	12	1	2.3	2.4	2.3	2.4	2.6	0.2
Tennessee	84	80	94	80	76	-4	2.5	2.4	2.8	2.4	2.3	-0.1
Texas	383	294	265	263	368	105	2.7	2.1	1.9	1.8	2.6	0.8
Utah	45	35	41	37	40	3	2.6	2.0	2.3	2.1	2.2	0.1
Vermont	7	7	6	6	6	0	2.3	2.2	1.9	1.9	1.9	0.0
Virginia	97	92	90	90	91	1	2.3	2.2	2.1	2.1	2.1	0.0
Washington	65	57	66	66	72	6	1.8	1.6	1.8	1.8	2.0	0.2
West Virginia	21	18	19	20	18	-2	2.9	2.5	2.6	2.8	2.5	-0.3
Wisconsin	59	53	65	56	56	0	2.0	1.7	2.1	1.8	1.8	0.0
Wyoming	9	7	11	11	9	-2	3.1	2.4	3.7	3.7	3.0	-0.7
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)						Rates
	Dec. 2023	Sept. 2024	Oct. 2024	Nov. 2024	Dec. 2024(p)	Change from: Nov. 2024 - Dec. 2024(p)	Dec. 2023	Sept. 2024	Oct. 2024	Nov. 2024	Dec. 2024(p)	Change from: Nov. 2024 - Dec. 2024(p)
TOTAL U.S.	1,607	1,802	1,748	1,800	1,771	-29	1.0	1.1	1.1	1.1	1.1	0.0
Alabama	18	21	24	19	21	2	0.8	0.9	1.1	0.9	0.9	0.0
Alaska	6	6	6	7	6	-1	1.8	1.8	1.8	2.1	1.8	-0.3
Arizona	35	38	38	31	32	1	1.1	1.2	1.2	0.9	1.0	0.1
Arkansas	14	16	17	13	16	3	1.0	1.2	1.2	0.9	1.2	0.3
California	199	160	195	301	158	-143	1.1	0.9	1.1	1.7	0.9	-0.8
Colorado	30	31	57	30	30	0	1.0	1.0	1.9	1.0	1.0	0.0
Connecticut	19	18	27	21	20	-1	1.1	1.1	1.6	1.2	1.2	0.0
Delaware	5	6	5	5	7	2	1.0	1.2	1.0	1.0	1.4	0.4
District of Columbia	6	6	7	5	7	2	0.8	0.8	0.9	0.6	0.9	0.3
Florida	105	107	103	85	122	37	1.1	1.1	1.0	0.9	1.2	0.3
Georgia	40	67	55	54	59	5	0.8	1.3	1.1	1.1	1.2	0.1
Hawaii	7	9	6	8	6	-2	1.1	1.4	0.9	1.2	0.9	-0.3
Idaho	11	16	12	12	12	0	1.3	1.8	1.4	1.4	1.4	0.0
Illinois	73	69	58	63	75	12	1.2	1.1	0.9	1.0	1.2	0.2
Indiana	41	35	36	40	40	0	1.3	1.1	1.1	1.2	1.2	0.0
Iowa	16	16	14	17	19	2	1.0	1.0	0.9	1.1	1.2	0.1
Kansas	14	15	14	19	19	0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.3	1.3	0.0
Kentucky	18	23	24	21	27	6	0.9	1.1	1.2	1.0	1.3	0.3
Louisiana	23	29	30	24	27	3	1.2	1.5	1.5	1.2	1.4	0.2
Maine	6	8	11	9	9	0	0.9	1.2	1.7	1.4	1.4	0.0
Maryland	22	30	31	28	35	7	0.8	1.1	1.1	1.0	1.3	0.3
Massachusetts	27	28	36	36	40	4	0.7	0.7	1.0	1.0	1.1	0.1
Michigan	44	58	55	87	73	-14	1.0	1.3	1.2	1.9	1.6	-0.3
Minnesota	24	29	37	25	28	3	0.8	1.0	1.2	0.8	0.9	0.1
Mississippi	14	12	15	12	14	2	1.2	1.0	1.3	1.0	1.2	0.2
Missouri	29	36	25	29	27	-2	1.0	1.2	0.8	0.9	0.9	0.0
Montana	9	9	8	9	9	0	1.7	1.7	1.5	1.7	1.7	0.0
Nebraska	12	12	10	12	13	1	1.1	1.1	0.9	1.1	1.2	0.1
Nevada	27	22	19	23	20	-3	1.7	1.4	1.2	1.5	1.3	-0.2
New Hampshire	6	10	10	10	9	-1	0.9	1.4	1.4	1.4	1.3	-0.1
New Jersey	38	63	56	54	77	23	0.9	1.4	1.3	1.2	1.8	0.6
New Mexico	10	12	9	12	11	-1	1.1	1.4	1.0	1.3	1.2	-0.1
New York	96	128	64	100	102	2	1.0	1.3	0.6	1.0	1.0	0.0
North Carolina	68	59	59	63	56	-7	1.4	1.2	1.2	1.2	1.1	-0.1
North Dakota	5	6	4	7	7	0	1.1	1.3	0.9	1.6	1.5	-0.1
Ohio	66	76	56	55	71	16	1.2	1.3	1.0	1.0	1.2	0.2
Oklahoma	17	20	23	20	21	1	1.0	1.1	1.3	1.1	1.2	0.1
Oregon	19	27	23	24	21	-3	1.0	1.4	1.2	1.2	1.1	-0.1
Pennsylvania	44	59	56	55	52	-3	0.7	1.0	0.9	0.9	0.8	-0.1
Rhode Island	6	7	9	8	19	11	1.2	1.4	1.8	1.6	3.7	2.1
South Carolina	25	37	35	25	29	4	1.1	1.5	1.5	1.0	1.2	0.2
South Dakota	5	5	4	6	7	1	1.1	1.1	0.9	1.3	1.5	0.2
Tennessee	32	43	48	38	46	8	1.0	1.3	1.4	1.1	1.4	0.3
Texas	130	159	167	125	138	13	0.9	1.1	1.2	0.9	1.0	0.1
Utah	21	24	23	27	19	-8	1.2	1.4	1.3	1.5	1.1	-0.4
Vermont	3	4	5	5	4	-1	1.0	1.3	1.6	1.6	1.3	-0.3
Virginia	43	50	48	40	38	-2	1.0	1.2	1.1	0.9	0.9	0.0
Washington	37	38	34	36	33	-3	1.0	1.0	0.9	1.0	0.9	-0.1
West Virginia	8	8	10	8	9	1	1.1	1.1	1.4	1.1	1.2	0.1
Wisconsin	29	31	26	31	29	-2	1.0	1.0	0.9	1.0	1.0	0.0
Wyoming	4	5	4	5	4	-1	1.4	1.7	1.3	1.7	1.3	-0.4
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 6. Job openings levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)			Rates
	Dec. 2023	Nov. 2024	Dec. 2024(p)	Dec. 2023	Nov. 2024	Dec. 2024(p)
TOTAL U.S.	8,344	7,713	7,134	5.0	4.6	4.3
Alabama	134	128	127	5.8	5.4	5.4
Alaska	23	20	20	6.8	5.7	5.7
Arizona	159	192	163	4.6	5.4	4.7
Arkansas	81	80	82	5.6	5.5	5.6
California	824	709	577	4.4	3.7	3.1
Colorado	210	159	123	6.6	5.0	3.9
Connecticut	82	74	68	4.6	4.1	3.8
Delaware	26	25	24	5.1	4.9	4.7
District of Columbia	33	36	29	4.1	4.3	3.6
Florida	503	510	419	4.8	4.8	4.0
Georgia	283	298	294	5.4	5.6	5.5
Hawaii	35	31	29	5.1	4.6	4.3
Idaho	47	42	37	5.3	4.5	4.0
Illinois	343	248	262	5.3	3.8	4.1
Indiana	138	164	146	4.0	4.7	4.2
Iowa	76	67	65	4.5	4.0	3.9
Kansas	69	72	66	4.5	4.6	4.3
Kentucky	112	148	139	5.2	6.7	6.3
Louisiana	117	105	105	5.6	5.0	5.0
Maine	40	30	33	5.8	4.3	4.8
Maryland	167	152	134	5.7	5.1	4.6
Massachusetts	218	177	184	5.5	4.5	4.7
Michigan	256	207	181	5.4	4.4	3.9
Minnesota	179	154	162	5.6	4.8	5.1
Mississippi	71	63	59	5.6	4.9	4.7
Missouri	156	174	165	4.9	5.3	5.1
Montana	39	32	31	7.0	5.7	5.4
Nebraska	53	49	50	4.8	4.3	4.4
Nevada	86	78	68	5.1	4.7	4.1
New Hampshire	42	35	38	5.6	4.6	5.0
New Jersey	214	184	183	4.6	4.0	4.0
New Mexico	57	55	50	6.0	5.8	5.2
New York	440	423	457	4.3	4.1	4.4
North Carolina	267	299	276	5.1	5.6	5.2
North Dakota	26	22	24	5.5	4.7	5.0
Ohio	285	292	267	4.8	4.9	4.5
Oklahoma	108	97	99	5.7	5.1	5.2
Oregon	104	95	93	5.0	4.5	4.5
Pennsylvania	354	313	280	5.4	4.8	4.3
Rhode Island	28	25	25	5.2	4.6	4.6
South Carolina	146	140	134	5.9	5.5	5.3
South Dakota	26	21	22	5.3	4.3	4.4
Tennessee	165	150	136	4.7	4.3	3.9
Texas	780	619	555	5.2	4.1	3.7
Utah	90	82	74	4.9	4.4	4.0
Vermont	18	14	18	5.4	4.3	5.3
Virginia	272	269	250	6.1	5.9	5.5
Washington	146	156	127	3.9	4.1	3.3
West Virginia	49	45	41	6.3	5.9	5.3
Wisconsin	148	136	127	4.7	4.2	4.0
Wyoming	20	16	16	6.5	5.1	5.3
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 7. Hires levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)			Rates
	Dec. 2023	Nov. 2024	Dec. 2024(p)	Dec. 2023	Nov. 2024	Dec. 2024(p)
TOTAL U.S.	4,301	4,880	4,111	2.7	3.0	2.6
Alabama	75	71	67	3.4	3.2	3.0
Alaska	11	11	12	3.3	3.3	3.8
Arizona	86	101	82	2.6	3.0	2.5
Arkansas	49	42	42	3.6	3.0	3.0
California	406	524	390	2.2	2.9	2.1
Colorado	101	98	107	3.4	3.2	3.5
Connecticut	41	45	39	2.4	2.6	2.3
Delaware	16	15	14	3.3	3.1	2.9
District of Columbia	18	15	16	2.3	2.0	2.0
Florida	368	344	293	3.7	3.4	2.9
Georgia	142	165	159	2.9	3.3	3.2
Hawaii	17	20	20	2.7	3.1	3.0
Idaho	24	30	27	2.9	3.4	3.1
Illinois	186	201	161	3.0	3.2	2.6
Indiana	78	145	104	2.4	4.3	3.1
Iowa	34	52	38	2.1	3.2	2.4
Kansas	37	48	40	2.5	3.3	2.7
Kentucky	82	71	60	4.0	3.4	2.9
Louisiana	65	62	63	3.3	3.1	3.2
Maine	16	19	16	2.5	2.9	2.5
Maryland	110	83	70	4.0	3.0	2.5
Massachusetts	70	97	65	1.9	2.6	1.7
Michigan	120	148	124	2.7	3.3	2.7
Minnesota	81	87	78	2.7	2.8	2.6
Mississippi	41	39	33	3.4	3.2	2.7
Missouri	65	99	73	2.1	3.2	2.4
Montana	22	21	24	4.2	3.9	4.4
Nebraska	30	36	31	2.8	3.3	2.9
Nevada	50	60	52	3.2	3.8	3.3
New Hampshire	19	21	19	2.7	2.9	2.7
New Jersey	97	111	102	2.2	2.5	2.3
New Mexico	21	29	27	2.4	3.2	3.0
New York	205	278	204	2.1	2.8	2.0
North Carolina	117	152	128	2.3	3.0	2.5
North Dakota	13	16	15	2.9	3.6	3.2
Ohio	128	161	143	2.3	2.8	2.5
Oklahoma	64	57	57	3.6	3.2	3.1
Oregon	49	61	55	2.5	3.1	2.8
Pennsylvania	121	176	165	2.0	2.8	2.6
Rhode Island	13	16	13	2.6	3.1	2.6
South Carolina	75	85	74	3.2	3.5	3.1
South Dakota	13	16	14	2.8	3.4	3.0
Tennessee	94	101	75	2.8	3.0	2.2
Texas	466	427	326	3.3	3.0	2.3
Utah	49	59	64	2.8	3.3	3.6
Vermont	10	10	11	3.3	3.1	3.6
Virginia	125	127	118	3.0	3.0	2.7
Washington	72	99	85	2.0	2.7	2.3
West Virginia	25	26	23	3.5	3.5	3.1
Wisconsin	70	93	79	2.3	3.0	2.6
Wyoming	11	12	13	3.8	4.0	4.5
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 8. Total separations levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)			Rates
	Dec. 2023	Nov. 2024	Dec. 2024(p)	Dec. 2023	Nov. 2024	Dec. 2024(p)
TOTAL U.S.	5,165	4,625	5,023	3.3	2.9	3.1
Alabama	67	65	69	3.1	2.9	3.1
Alaska	17	28	16	5.2	8.5	4.9
Arizona	109	77	84	3.3	2.3	2.5
Arkansas	46	41	45	3.4	2.9	3.2
California	590	605	557	3.3	3.3	3.0
Colorado	94	95	79	3.2	3.1	2.6
Connecticut	58	48	48	3.4	2.7	2.8
Delaware	17	17	19	3.5	3.4	3.9
District of Columbia	21	16	21	2.7	2.1	2.7
Florida	348	285	278	3.5	2.8	2.7
Georgia	171	150	153	3.4	3.0	3.0
Hawaii	17	16	17	2.6	2.5	2.6
Idaho	32	37	32	3.8	4.1	3.6
Illinois	232	156	182	3.8	2.5	2.9
Indiana	109	121	111	3.3	3.6	3.3
Iowa	49	48	56	3.1	2.9	3.5
Kansas	41	43	46	2.8	2.9	3.1
Kentucky	61	65	71	3.0	3.1	3.4
Louisiana	71	61	72	3.6	3.1	3.6
Maine	23	29	22	3.6	4.5	3.4
Maryland	78	71	95	2.8	2.5	3.4
Massachusetts	89	93	93	2.4	2.5	2.5
Michigan	136	192	171	3.0	4.2	3.8
Minnesota	95	87	97	3.2	2.9	3.2
Mississippi	45	34	41	3.8	2.8	3.4
Missouri	100	78	94	3.3	2.5	3.0
Montana	25	30	24	4.8	5.5	4.6
Nebraska	35	32	33	3.3	2.9	3.1
Nevada	70	63	61	4.5	4.0	3.8
New Hampshire	21	27	20	3.0	3.7	2.8
New Jersey	118	113	175	2.7	2.6	4.0
New Mexico	29	31	31	3.2	3.4	3.4
New York	293	217	271	3.0	2.2	2.7
North Carolina	160	141	157	3.2	2.8	3.1
North Dakota	17	19	18	3.9	4.1	4.0
Ohio	187	162	191	3.3	2.8	3.3
Oklahoma	55	55	60	3.1	3.1	3.3
Oregon	67	68	67	3.4	3.4	3.3
Pennsylvania	179	144	140	2.9	2.3	2.2
Rhode Island	18	20	29	3.5	3.8	5.7
South Carolina	81	69	95	3.4	2.9	3.9
South Dakota	16	17	19	3.4	3.6	4.1
Tennessee	106	94	111	3.2	2.8	3.3
Texas	517	343	528	3.6	2.4	3.7
Utah	70	63	62	4.0	3.5	3.5
Vermont	10	14	9	3.2	4.3	3.0
Virginia	144	115	131	3.4	2.7	3.1
Washington	99	100	101	2.7	2.7	2.7
West Virginia	29	30	27	4.0	4.1	3.7
Wisconsin	87	80	82	2.9	2.6	2.7
Wyoming	12	22	12	4.2	7.5	4.1
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 9. Quits levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)			Rates
	Dec. 2023	Nov. 2024	Dec. 2024(p)	Dec. 2023	Nov. 2024	Dec. 2024(p)
TOTAL U.S.	2,933	2,612	2,694	1.9	1.6	1.7
Alabama	45	44	43	2.0	2.0	1.9
Alaska	9	15	8	3.0	4.6	2.4
Arizona	61	45	48	1.9	1.4	1.4
Arkansas	29	26	26	2.1	1.8	1.9
California	291	313	334	1.6	1.7	1.8
Colorado	60	59	43	2.0	1.9	1.4
Connecticut	29	21	21	1.7	1.2	1.2
Delaware	11	11	11	2.2	2.3	2.3
District of Columbia	12	11	12	1.6	1.4	1.5
Florida	230	208	145	2.3	2.1	1.4
Georgia	123	91	89	2.5	1.8	1.8
Hawaii	10	9	10	1.5	1.4	1.5
Idaho	18	20	17	2.1	2.3	1.9
Illinois	126	81	77	2.0	1.3	1.2
Indiana	56	74	56	1.7	2.2	1.7
Iowa	27	28	29	1.7	1.7	1.8
Kansas	23	22	23	1.6	1.5	1.5
Kentucky	38	38	37	1.9	1.8	1.8
Louisiana	43	39	41	2.2	1.9	2.1
Maine	12	12	10	1.9	1.9	1.5
Maryland	47	44	45	1.7	1.6	1.6
Massachusetts	47	45	39	1.3	1.2	1.0
Michigan	67	79	77	1.5	1.7	1.7
Minnesota	57	52	55	1.9	1.7	1.8
Mississippi	28	22	24	2.4	1.8	2.0
Missouri	60	48	54	2.0	1.6	1.8
Montana	14	16	12	2.7	2.9	2.2
Nebraska	18	18	16	1.7	1.7	1.5
Nevada	37	32	33	2.3	2.0	2.1
New Hampshire	10	9	8	1.5	1.3	1.2
New Jersey	54	50	56	1.2	1.1	1.3
New Mexico	16	17	16	1.8	1.9	1.8
New York	148	107	145	1.5	1.1	1.5
North Carolina	77	72	88	1.5	1.4	1.7
North Dakota	9	9	8	1.9	2.0	1.7
Ohio	89	99	91	1.6	1.7	1.6
Oklahoma	34	36	37	1.9	2.0	2.0
Oregon	39	38	38	1.9	1.9	1.9
Pennsylvania	109	76	74	1.8	1.2	1.2
Rhode Island	9	8	8	1.8	1.5	1.6
South Carolina	51	47	62	2.2	1.9	2.6
South Dakota	8	9	9	1.8	2.0	2.0
Tennessee	68	59	58	2.1	1.7	1.7
Texas	329	213	323	2.3	1.5	2.2
Utah	41	30	36	2.4	1.7	2.0
Vermont	5	6	4	1.6	2.0	1.3
Virginia	83	70	75	2.0	1.6	1.8
Washington	52	54	57	1.4	1.5	1.6
West Virginia	18	19	15	2.5	2.6	2.1
Wisconsin	50	47	44	1.6	1.5	1.5
Wyoming	7	13	7	2.4	4.5	2.3
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 10. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)			Rates
	Dec. 2023	Nov. 2024	Dec. 2024(p)	Dec. 2023	Nov. 2024	Dec. 2024(p)
TOTAL U.S.	1,829	1,749	2,003	1.2	1.1	1.2
Alabama	19	16	23	0.9	0.7	1.0
Alaska	6	12	6	1.8	3.5	1.8
Arizona	33	27	29	1.0	0.8	0.9
Arkansas	15	12	17	1.1	0.9	1.2
California	248	274	189	1.4	1.5	1.0
Colorado	29	31	29	1.0	1.0	0.9
Connecticut	23	22	23	1.4	1.3	1.3
Delaware	6	4	7	1.1	0.8	1.5
District of Columbia	7	4	8	0.9	0.5	1.0
Florida	94	67	116	0.9	0.7	1.1
Georgia	40	47	57	0.8	0.9	1.1
Hawaii	6	7	5	0.9	1.1	0.8
Idaho	12	14	12	1.4	1.6	1.4
Illinois	93	68	99	1.5	1.1	1.6
Indiana	48	41	47	1.5	1.2	1.4
Iowa	19	18	23	1.2	1.1	1.4
Kansas	15	19	19	1.0	1.2	1.3
Kentucky	19	22	29	0.9	1.1	1.4
Louisiana	23	19	26	1.2	1.0	1.3
Maine	9	14	10	1.3	2.1	1.6
Maryland	26	22	46	0.9	0.8	1.6
Massachusetts	35	37	48	0.9	1.0	1.3
Michigan	49	108	85	1.1	2.4	1.9
Minnesota	32	31	36	1.1	1.0	1.2
Mississippi	13	10	14	1.1	0.8	1.2
Missouri	33	25	31	1.1	0.8	1.0
Montana	9	12	9	1.7	2.3	1.8
Nebraska	15	12	15	1.4	1.1	1.4
Nevada	29	28	22	1.9	1.8	1.4
New Hampshire	8	11	10	1.2	1.6	1.4
New Jersey	54	48	108	1.2	1.1	2.4
New Mexico	10	12	12	1.1	1.3	1.3
New York	107	99	107	1.1	1.0	1.1
North Carolina	73	60	61	1.5	1.2	1.2
North Dakota	7	8	9	1.7	1.9	2.1
Ohio	80	54	86	1.4	0.9	1.5
Oklahoma	17	15	20	1.0	0.8	1.1
Oregon	23	27	22	1.2	1.3	1.1
Pennsylvania	56	59	58	0.9	0.9	0.9
Rhode Island	7	9	19	1.4	1.8	3.8
South Carolina	25	19	29	1.1	0.8	1.2
South Dakota	7	7	9	1.4	1.4	1.8
Tennessee	32	29	48	1.0	0.9	1.4
Texas	157	111	170	1.1	0.8	1.2
Utah	23	30	20	1.3	1.7	1.1
Vermont	4	6	5	1.2	1.9	1.4
Virginia	53	35	46	1.3	0.8	1.1
Washington	41	41	36	1.1	1.1	1.0
West Virginia	8	8	11	1.2	1.1	1.5
Wisconsin	32	29	32	1.0	0.9	1.0
Wyoming	4	8	4	1.5	2.6	1.4
Footnotes (p) Preliminary