State Job Openings and Labor Turnover News Release

For release 10:00 a.m. (ET) Tuesday, March 19, 2024	USDL-24-0543
Technical information:	(202) 691-5870  •  JoltsInfo@bls.gov  •  www.bls.gov/jlt
Media contact:		(202) 691-5902  •  PressOffice@bls.gov

			  STATE JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – JANUARY 2024

Job openings rates increased in 6 states and decreased in 1 state on the last business day of January, the 
U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Hires rates increased in 3 states and decreased in 2 states. 
Total separations rates increased in 3 states and decreased in 2 states. Nationally, the job openings, hires, 
and total separations rates showed little or no change in January. 

This release includes estimates of the number and rate of job openings, hires, total separations, quits, and 
layoffs and discharges for the total nonfarm sector and for all states and the District of Columbia. 

Job Openings

In January, job openings rates increased in 6 states, decreased in 1 state, and were little changed in 43 
states and the District of Columbia. The largest increases in job openings rates occurred in Oregon  
(+1.9 percentage points), Maryland (+1.6 points), and Missouri (+1.2 points). The decrease occurred in 
Colorado (-1.0 point). Over the month, the national job openings rate was unchanged. (See table 1.)

The number of job openings increased in 6 states, decreased in 5 states, and was little changed in 39 
states and the District of Columbia in January. The largest increases in the job openings level occurred 
in New York (+82,000), Maryland (+50,000), and Oregon (+41,000). The largest decreases occurred in 
Texas (-62,000), Colorado (-34,000), and Michigan (-24,000). Nationally, the number of job openings 
changed little. (See table 1.)

Hires

In January, hires rates increased in 3 states, decreased in 2 states, and were little changed in 45 states 
and the District of Columbia. The increases in the hires rate occurred in Oregon (+1.0 percentage point), 
Pennsylvania (+0.9 point), and Iowa (+0.7 point). The decreases occurred in Florida (-0.9 point) and 
Texas (-0.5 point). The national hires rate changed little over the month. (See table 2.)

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
|			    Upcoming Revisions to the JOLTS State Estimates				|							
|													|
|Effective with the release of May 2024 data on July 24, 2024, the Job Openings and Labor Turnover 	|
|Survey (JOLTS) state estimates will be benchmarked and revised, to include the annual benchmark 	|
|revisions to JOLTS national estimates, the Current Employment Statistics (CES) employment 		|
|estimates, and the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW) data. Seasonally adjusted 		|
|and not seasonally adjusted data from January 2019 forward are subject to revision. In addition, 2023 	|
|annual estimates for states will be released at this time.						|
|_______________________________________________________________________________________________________|


The number of hires increased in 4 states, decreased in 3 states, and was little changed in 43 states and 
the District of Columbia in January. The largest increases in the hires level occurred in Pennsylvania 
(+57,000), North Carolina (+28,000), and Oregon (+19,000). The decreases occurred in Florida 
(-94,000), Texas (-64,000), and Arkansas (-10,000). Nationally, the number of hires changed little over 
the month. (See table 2.)

Total Separations

In January, total separations rates increased in 3 states, decreased in 2 states, and were little changed in 
45 states and the District of Columbia. The increases in total separations rates occurred in Oregon 
(+1.0 percentage point), Colorado (+0.8 point), and Iowa (+0.6 point). The decreases occurred in Alaska 
(-0.9 point) and Tennessee (-0.8 point). Over the month, the national total separations rate was 
unchanged. (See table 3.)

The number of total separations increased in 6 states, decreased in 2 states, and was little changed in 
42 states and the District of Columbia in January. The largest increases in the total separations level 
occurred in Colorado (+23,000), Oregon (+19,000), and Iowa (+9,000). The decreases occurred in 
Tennessee (-25,000) and Alaska (-3,000). Nationally, the number of total separations changed little over 
the month. (See table 3.)

Quits

In January, quits rates decreased in 3 states, increased in 2 states, and were little changed in 45 states 
and the District of Columbia. The decreases in quits rates occurred in North Dakota  
(-0.7 percentage point) and in Georgia and Minnesota (-0.5 point each). The increases occurred in 
Colorado (+0.7 point) and Oregon (+0.5 point). Over the month, the national quits rate was little 
changed. (See table 4.)

The number of quits decreased in 4 states, increased in 2 states, and was little changed in 44 states and 
the District of Columbia in January. The largest decreases in the quits level occurred in Georgia  
(-23,000), Tennessee (-16,000), and Minnesota (-15,000). The increases occurred in Colorado (+19,000) 
and Oregon (+9,000). Nationally, the number of quits was little changed. (See table 4.)

Layoffs and Discharges 

In January, layoffs and discharges rates decreased in 3 states, increased in 1 state, and were little 
changed in 46 states and the District of Columbia. The decreases occurred in Alaska 
(-0.9 percentage point), Indiana (-0.5 point), and California (-0.2 point). The increase occurred in New 
Jersey (+0.3 point). Over the month, the national layoffs and discharges rate was unchanged. 
(See table 5.)

The number of layoffs and discharges decreased in 3 states, increased in 2 states, and was little 
changed in 45 states and the District of Columbia in January. The decreases in the layoffs and discharges 
level occurred in Indiana and Ohio (-16,000 each) and in Alaska (-3,000). The increases occurred in 
Oregon (+8,000) and Delaware (+3,000). Nationally, the number of layoffs and discharges was little 
changed. (See table 5.)

For more information, please see the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS) interactive 
charts at www.bls.gov/charts/state-job-openings-and-labor-turnover/state-job-openings-rates.htm#.  

_____________	
State Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey estimates for February 2024 are scheduled to be 
released on Wednesday, April 17, 2024, at 10:00 a.m. (ET)

Technical Note

This news release presents statistics from the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The JOLTS 
program provides information on labor demand and turnover. Additional information about the JOLTS program can 
be found at www.bls.gov/jlt/. State estimates are published for job openings, hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, and 
total separations. The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments, as well as civilian federal, state, 
and local government entities in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Starting with data for January 2023, 
industries are classified in accordance with the 2022 North American Industry Classification System.

Definitions

Employment. Employment includes persons on the payroll who worked or received pay for the pay period that 
includes the 12th day of the reference month. Full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term, seasonal, salaried, and 
hourly employees are included, as are employees on paid vacation or other paid leave. Proprietors or partners of 
unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, or employees on strike for the entire pay period, and employees 
on leave without pay for the entire pay period are not counted as employed. Employees of temporary help agencies, 
employee leasing companies, outside contractors, and consultants are counted by their employer of record, not by 
the establishment where they are working. JOLTS does not publish employment estimates but uses the reported 
employment for validation of the other reported data elements.

Job Openings. Job openings include all positions that are open on the last business day of the reference month. 
A job is open only if it meets all three of these conditions: 
* A specific position exists and there is work available for that position. The position can be full-time or part-
time, and it can be permanent, short-term, or seasonal. 
* The job could start within 30 days, whether or not the employer can find a suitable candidate during that time. 
* The employer is actively recruiting workers from outside the establishment to fill the position. Active recruiting 
means that the establishment is taking steps to fill a position. It may include advertising in newspapers, on 
television, or on the radio; posting internet notices, posting "help wanted" signs, networking, or making "word-
of-mouth" announcements; accepting applications; interviewing candidates; contacting employment agencies; 
or soliciting employees at job fairs, state or local employment offices, or similar sources.

Excluded are positions open only to internal transfers, promotions or demotions, or recall from layoffs. Also 
excluded are openings for positions with start dates more than 30 days in the future; positions for which employees 
have been hired but the employees have not yet reported for work; and positions to be filled by employees of 
temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The job openings rate is 
computed by dividing the number of job openings by the sum of employment and job openings and multiplying that 
quotient by 100.

Hires. Hires include all additions to the payroll during the entire reference month, including newly hired and 
rehired employees; full-time and part-time employees; permanent, short-term, and seasonal employees; employees 
who were recalled to a job at the location following a layoff (formal suspension from pay status) lasting more than 7 
days; on-call or intermittent employees who returned to work after having been formally separated; workers who 
were hired and separated during the month, and transfers from other locations. Excluded are transfers or promotions 
within the reporting location, employees returning from strike, employees of temporary help agencies, employee 
leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The hires rate is computed by dividing the number of hires by 
employment and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Separations. Separations include all separations from the payroll during the entire reference month and is 
reported by type of separation:  quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Quits include employees who 
left voluntarily, with the exception of retirements or transfers to other locations. Layoffs and discharges includes 
involuntary separations initiated by the employer, such as layoffs with no intent to rehire; layoffs (formal 
suspensions from pay status) lasting or expected to last more than 7 days; discharges resulting from mergers, 
downsizing, or closings; firings or other discharges for cause; terminations of permanent or short-term employees; 
and terminations of seasonal employees (whether or not they are expected to return the next season). Other 
separations include retirements, transfers to other locations, separations due to employee disability; and deaths. 
Other separations comprise less than 8 percent of total separations. Other separations rates are generally very low, 
and other separations variance estimates are relatively high. Consequently, the other separations component is not 
published for states. 

Excluded from separations are transfers within the same location; employees on strike; employees of temporary help 
agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The separations rate is computed by 
dividing the number of separations by employment and multiplying that quotient by 100. The quits and layoffs and 
discharges rates are computed similarly.

State Estimation Method

The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random sample of approximately 21,000 nonfarm business and 
government establishments. The sample is stratified by ownership, region, industry sector, and establishment size 
class. The JOLTS sample of 21,000 establishments does not directly support the production of sample-based state 
estimates. However, state estimates have been produced by combining the available sample with model-based 
estimates.

The state estimates consist of four major estimating models; the Composite Regional model (an unpublished 
intermediate model), the Synthetic model (an unpublished intermediate model), the Composite Synthetic model 
(published historical series through the most current benchmark year), and the Extended Composite Synthetic model 
(published current-year monthly series). The Composite Regional model uses JOLTS microdata, JOLTS regional 
published estimates, and Current Employment Statistics (CES) employment data. The Composite Synthetic model 
uses JOLTS microdata and Synthetic model estimates derived from monthly employment changes in microdata from 
the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW), and JOLTS published regional data. The Extended 
Composite Synthetic model extends the Composite Synthetic estimates by ratio-adjusting the Composite Synthetic 
model by the ratio of the current Composite Regional model estimate to the Composite Regional model estimate 
from the previous year.

The Extended Composite Synthetic model (and its major component-the Composite Regional model) is used 
to extend the Composite Synthetic estimates because all of the inputs required by this model are available at the time 
monthly estimate are produced. In contrast, the Composite Synthetic model (and its major component-the 
Synthetic model) can only be produced when the latest QCEW data are available. The Extended Composite 
Synthetic model estimates are used to extend the Composite Synthetic model estimates during the annual JOLTS
retabulation process. The extension of the Composite Synthetic model using current data-based Composite Regional 
model estimates ensures that the Composite Synthetic model estimates reflect current economic trends.

The Composite Regional approach calculates state-level JOLTS estimates from JOLTS microdata using sample 
weights and the adjustments for non-response. The Composite Regional estimate is then benchmarked to CES state-
supersector employment to produce state-supersector estimates. The JOLTS sample, by itself, cannot ensure a 
reasonably sized sample for each state-supersector cell. The small JOLTS sample results in several state-supersector 
cells that lack enough data to produce a reasonable estimate. To overcome this issue, the state-level estimates 
derived directly from the JOLTS sample are augmented using JOLTS regional estimates when the number of 
respondents is low (that is, less than 30). This approach is known as a composite estimate, which leverages the small 
JOLTS sample to the greatest extent possible and supplements that with a model-based estimate. Previous research 
has found that regional industry estimates are a good proxy at finer levels of geographical detail. That is, one can 
make a reliable prediction of JOLTS estimates at the regional-level using only national industry-level JOLTS rates. 
The assumption in this approach is that one can make a good prediction of JOLTS estimates at the state-level using 
only regional industry-level JOLTS rates.)

In this approach, the JOLTS microdata-based estimate is used, without model augmentation, in all state-
supersector cells that have 30 or more respondents. The JOLTS regional estimate will be used, without a sample-
based component, in all state-supersector cells that have fewer than five respondents. In all state-supersector cells 
with 5 to 30 respondents, an estimate is calculated that is a composition of a weighted estimate of the microdata-
based estimate and a weighted estimate of the JOLTS regional estimate. The weight assigned to the JOLTS data in 
those cells is proportional the number of JOLTS respondents in the cell (weight=n/30, where n is the number of 
respondents). The sum of state estimates within a region is made equal to the aligned regional JOLTS published 
regional estimates.

Seasonal adjustment. BLS uses the seasonal adjustment program (X-13ARIMA-SEATS) to seasonally adjust 
the JOLTS series. Each month, a concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology uses all relevant data, up to and 
including the current month, to calculate new seasonal adjustment factors. Moving averages are used as seasonal 
filters in seasonal adjustment. JOLTS seasonal adjustment includes both additive and multiplicative models, as well 
as regression with autocorrelated errors (REGARIMA) modeling, to improve the seasonal adjustment factors at the 
beginning and end of the series and to detect and adjust for outliers in the series. 

Annual estimates and benchmarking. The JOLTS state estimates utilize and leverage data from three BLS 
programs; JOLTS, CES, and QCEW. These state estimates are published as a historical series made up of a 
historical annually revised benchmark component ofthe Composite Synthetic model and a current component of the 
Extended Composite Synthetic model that provides monthly "real-time" estimates between lagged benchmarks.

The JOLTS employment levels are ratio-adjusted to the CES employment levels, and the resulting ratios are 
applied to all JOLTS data elements.

The seasonally adjusted estimates are recalculated for the most recent 5 years to reflect updated seasonal 
adjustment factors. These annual updates result in revisions to both the seasonally adjusted and not seasonally 
adjusted JOLTS data series for the period since the last benchmark was established.

Annual levels for hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total separations are the sum of the 
12 published monthly levels. 

Annual average levels for job openings are calculated by dividing the sum of the 12 published monthly levels 
by 12. 

Annual average rates for hires, total separations quits, and layoffs and discharges are calculated by dividing the 
sum of the 12 monthly JOLTS published levels for each data element by the sum of the 12 monthly CES published 
employment levels, and multiplying that quotient by 100. 

Annual average rates for job openings are calculated by dividing the sum of the 12 monthly JOLTS published 
levels by the sum of the 12 monthly CES published employment levels plus the sum of the 12 monthly job openings 
levels, and multiplying that quotient by 100.)

Reliability of the estimates

JOLTS estimates are subject to two types of error:  sampling error and nonsampling error.

Sampling error can result when a sample, rather than an entire population, is surveyed. There is a chance that 
the sample estimates may differ from the true population values they represent. The exact difference, or sampling 
error, varies with the sample selected, and this variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. BLS 
analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence. This means that there is a 90-percent chance 
that the true population mean will fall into the interval created by the sample mean plus or minus 1.65 standard 
errors. Estimates of median standard errors are released monthly as part of the significant change tables on the 
JOLTS webpage. Standard errors are updated annually with the most recent 5 years of data. For sampling error 
estimates, see www.bls.gov/jlt/jolts_median_standard_errors.htm.

Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, including the failure to include a segment of the population, the 
inability to obtain data from all units in the sample, the inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide data on a 
timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, errors made in the collection or processing of the data, and errors from 
the employment benchmark data used in estimation. The JOLTS program uses quality control procedures to reduce 
nonsampling error in the survey's design. 

The JOLTS state variance estimates account for both sampling error and the error attributable to modeling. A 
small area domain model uses a Bayesian approach to develop estimates of JOLTS state variance. The small area 
model uses QCEW-based JOLTS synthetic model data to generate a Bayesian prior distribution, then updates the 
prior distribution using JOLTS microdata and sample-based variance estimates at the state and US Census regional 
level to generate a Bayesian posterior distribution. Once the Bayesian posterior distribution has been generated, 
estimates of JOLTS state variances are made by drawing 2,500 estimates from the Bayesian posterior distribution. 
This Bayesian approach thus indirectly accounts for sampling error and directly for model error.

Other information

If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access telecommunications 
relay services.

Table 1. Job openings levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)						Rates
	Jan. 2023	Oct. 2023	Nov. 2023	Dec. 2023	Jan. 2024(p)	Change from: Dec. 2023 - Jan. 2024(p)	Jan. 2023	Oct. 2023	Nov. 2023	Dec. 2023	Jan. 2024(p)	Change from: Dec. 2023 - Jan. 2024(p)
TOTAL U.S.	10,425	8,685	8,931	8,889	8,863	-26	6.3	5.2	5.4	5.3	5.3	0.0
Alabama	151	122	119	135	129	-6	6.6	5.4	5.2	5.8	5.6	-0.2
Alaska	29	25	26	25	25	0	8.2	7.1	7.3	7.0	7.0	0.0
Arizona	225	184	184	167	144	-23	6.7	5.5	5.5	4.9	4.3	-0.6
Arkansas	101	81	81	78	71	-7	6.9	5.6	5.6	5.4	5.0	-0.4
California	1,002	800	751	871	819	-52	5.3	4.2	4.0	4.6	4.4	-0.2
Colorado	200	211	224	217	183	-34	6.5	6.7	7.1	6.8	5.8	-1.0
Connecticut	95	88	88	93	90	-3	5.3	4.9	4.9	5.2	5.0	-0.2
Delaware	36	30	30	30	36	6	7.0	5.8	5.8	5.8	6.9	1.1
District of Columbia	46	37	40	41	44	3	5.6	4.5	4.9	5.1	5.4	0.3
Florida	699	590	548	522	518	-4	6.8	5.7	5.3	5.0	5.0	0.0
Georgia	411	333	302	288	283	-5	7.8	6.3	5.7	5.5	5.4	-0.1
Hawaii	37	30	29	28	26	-2	5.6	4.5	4.4	4.2	3.9	-0.3
Idaho	57	56	52	51	52	1	6.3	6.1	5.7	5.6	5.7	0.1
Illinois	460	326	412	363	349	-14	7.0	5.0	6.3	5.6	5.4	-0.2
Indiana	205	165	161	157	162	5	6.0	4.8	4.7	4.6	4.7	0.1
Iowa	103	90	89	91	96	5	6.1	5.4	5.3	5.4	5.7	0.3
Kansas	95	79	87	85	82	-3	6.2	5.2	5.6	5.5	5.4	-0.1
Kentucky	156	118	116	118	117	-1	7.3	5.5	5.4	5.5	5.5	0.0
Louisiana	166	122	117	124	122	-2	7.9	5.8	5.6	6.0	5.9	-0.1
Maine	42	44	44	39	45	6	6.1	6.3	6.3	5.6	6.4	0.8
Maryland	207	173	177	169	219	50	7.0	5.9	6.0	5.8	7.4	1.6
Massachusetts	277	239	228	232	214	-18	6.9	5.9	5.7	5.9	5.4	-0.5
Michigan	288	234	263	285	261	-24	6.1	5.0	5.6	6.0	5.5	-0.5
Minnesota	212	192	209	198	183	-15	6.7	6.0	6.5	6.2	5.7	-0.5
Mississippi	85	88	80	75	74	-1	6.7	7.0	6.4	6.0	5.9	-0.1
Missouri	210	176	174	166	205	39	6.6	5.6	5.5	5.2	6.4	1.2
Montana	41	36	35	36	37	1	7.3	6.5	6.3	6.4	6.6	0.2
Nebraska	71	55	61	58	55	-3	6.4	5.0	5.5	5.2	4.9	-0.3
Nevada	109	88	85	84	84	0	6.6	5.3	5.1	5.1	5.1	0.0
New Hampshire	53	41	40	39	41	2	7.0	5.5	5.4	5.2	5.5	0.3
New Jersey	262	215	224	221	211	-10	5.7	4.7	4.9	4.8	4.6	-0.2
New Mexico	63	56	57	56	61	5	6.8	6.0	6.1	6.0	6.5	0.5
New York	459	457	467	474	556	82	4.5	4.5	4.6	4.6	5.4	0.8
North Carolina	343	290	294	288	299	11	6.6	5.5	5.6	5.5	5.7	0.2
North Dakota	29	28	29	26	26	0	6.3	6.0	6.2	5.6	5.6	0.0
Ohio	384	338	323	328	334	6	6.4	5.6	5.4	5.5	5.6	0.1
Oklahoma	136	105	109	108	115	7	7.3	5.7	5.9	5.8	6.1	0.3
Oregon	139	112	103	102	143	41	6.5	5.3	4.9	4.9	6.8	1.9
Pennsylvania	432	390	381	365	367	2	6.6	5.9	5.8	5.6	5.6	0.0
Rhode Island	35	31	30	31	28	-3	6.6	5.9	5.7	5.7	5.2	-0.5
South Carolina	181	164	166	160	164	4	7.4	6.6	6.7	6.4	6.5	0.1
South Dakota	32	27	29	28	27	-1	6.5	5.5	5.8	5.6	5.5	-0.1
Tennessee	244	215	207	212	209	-3	6.9	6.1	5.9	6.0	5.9	-0.1
Texas	948	742	854	843	781	-62	6.4	5.0	5.7	5.7	5.3	-0.4
Utah	110	97	85	89	91	2	6.1	5.3	4.7	4.9	5.0	0.1
Vermont	23	19	19	17	18	1	7.0	5.8	5.8	5.2	5.5	0.3
Virginia	336	259	254	263	257	-6	7.5	5.9	5.7	5.9	5.8	-0.1
Washington	229	172	168	165	175	10	6.0	4.5	4.4	4.3	4.6	0.3
West Virginia	67	53	52	50	53	3	8.8	7.0	6.8	6.5	6.8	0.3
Wisconsin	224	211	205	178	163	-15	7.0	6.5	6.4	5.6	5.1	-0.5
Wyoming	21	19	18	19	19	0	6.8	6.1	5.7	6.1	6.1	0.0
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 2. Hires levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)						Rates
	Jan. 2023	Oct. 2023	Nov. 2023	Dec. 2023	Jan. 2024(p)	Change from: Dec. 2023 - Jan. 2024(p)	Jan. 2023	Oct. 2023	Nov. 2023	Dec. 2023	Jan. 2024(p)	Change from: Dec. 2023 - Jan. 2024(p)
TOTAL U.S.	6,374	5,814	5,569	5,787	5,687	-100	4.1	3.7	3.5	3.7	3.6	-0.1
Alabama	98	79	83	101	91	-10	4.6	3.7	3.8	4.6	4.2	-0.4
Alaska	21	17	19	18	19	1	6.4	5.2	5.8	5.4	5.7	0.3
Arizona	162	138	115	131	123	-8	5.2	4.4	3.6	4.1	3.8	-0.3
Arkansas	63	55	59	64	54	-10	4.7	4.0	4.3	4.7	4.0	-0.7
California	653	550	457	533	498	-35	3.6	3.0	2.5	3.0	2.8	-0.2
Colorado	118	130	129	132	117	-15	4.1	4.5	4.4	4.5	3.9	-0.6
Connecticut	57	63	55	63	66	3	3.4	3.7	3.2	3.7	3.9	0.2
Delaware	24	24	23	25	25	0	5.0	4.9	4.7	5.1	5.1	0.0
District of Columbia	22	23	24	25	24	-1	2.9	3.0	3.1	3.3	3.1	-0.2
Florida	389	396	400	466	372	-94	4.0	4.0	4.1	4.7	3.8	-0.9
Georgia	255	224	213	189	211	22	5.2	4.5	4.3	3.8	4.3	0.5
Hawaii	24	21	17	20	18	-2	3.8	3.3	2.7	3.2	2.8	-0.4
Idaho	45	38	36	37	39	2	5.3	4.4	4.2	4.3	4.6	0.3
Illinois	253	225	226	217	216	-1	4.1	3.7	3.7	3.6	3.5	-0.1
Indiana	142	138	123	112	121	9	4.4	4.2	3.7	3.4	3.7	0.3
Iowa	61	62	55	48	59	11	3.8	3.9	3.5	3.0	3.7	0.7
Kansas	57	51	52	52	50	-2	3.9	3.5	3.6	3.6	3.5	-0.1
Kentucky	97	76	74	103	91	-12	4.9	3.7	3.7	5.1	4.5	-0.6
Louisiana	99	86	90	94	93	-1	5.1	4.4	4.6	4.8	4.7	-0.1
Maine	26	25	24	23	23	0	4.0	3.8	3.7	3.5	3.5	0.0
Maryland	118	107	111	121	108	-13	4.3	3.9	4.0	4.4	3.9	-0.5
Massachusetts	129	112	104	107	90	-17	3.5	3.0	2.7	2.9	2.4	-0.5
Michigan	172	151	155	145	142	-3	3.9	3.4	3.5	3.2	3.2	0.0
Minnesota	111	110	112	106	114	8	3.7	3.7	3.7	3.5	3.8	0.3
Mississippi	56	52	50	57	52	-5	4.8	4.4	4.3	4.8	4.4	-0.4
Missouri	109	110	100	92	93	1	3.7	3.7	3.3	3.1	3.1	0.0
Montana	30	28	23	27	28	1	5.8	5.4	4.4	5.1	5.3	0.2
Nebraska	40	37	38	35	38	3	3.8	3.5	3.6	3.3	3.6	0.3
Nevada	75	64	55	66	59	-7	4.9	4.1	3.5	4.2	3.8	-0.4
New Hampshire	29	28	28	26	27	1	4.1	4.0	4.0	3.7	3.8	0.1
New Jersey	146	152	164	145	142	-3	3.4	3.5	3.8	3.3	3.2	-0.1
New Mexico	39	35	32	31	34	3	4.5	4.0	3.7	3.5	3.9	0.4
New York	298	282	295	285	299	14	3.1	2.9	3.0	2.9	3.0	0.1
North Carolina	203	174	164	177	205	28	4.2	3.5	3.3	3.6	4.1	0.5
North Dakota	16	18	18	16	18	2	3.7	4.1	4.1	3.6	4.1	0.5
Ohio	221	204	180	191	197	6	4.0	3.6	3.2	3.4	3.5	0.1
Oklahoma	83	81	76	83	80	-3	4.8	4.7	4.4	4.7	4.5	-0.2
Oregon	92	79	67	68	87	19	4.6	3.9	3.4	3.4	4.4	1.0
Pennsylvania	209	193	196	171	228	57	3.4	3.1	3.2	2.8	3.7	0.9
Rhode Island	20	21	20	20	19	-1	4.0	4.2	4.0	3.9	3.7	-0.2
South Carolina	107	106	94	111	117	6	4.7	4.6	4.0	4.8	5.0	0.2
South Dakota	23	19	19	18	19	1	5.0	4.1	4.1	3.8	4.1	0.3
Tennessee	158	140	130	155	148	-7	4.8	4.2	3.9	4.7	4.5	-0.2
Texas	593	579	555	586	522	-64	4.3	4.1	3.9	4.2	3.7	-0.5
Utah	79	73	65	65	62	-3	4.6	4.2	3.8	3.7	3.6	-0.1
Vermont	13	13	13	12	12	0	4.2	4.2	4.2	3.9	3.9	0.0
Virginia	174	167	161	165	171	6	4.2	4.0	3.9	3.9	4.1	0.2
Washington	152	117	107	110	118	8	4.2	3.2	2.9	3.0	3.3	0.3
West Virginia	37	33	30	35	35	0	5.3	4.7	4.2	4.9	4.8	-0.1
Wisconsin	116	108	103	95	101	6	3.9	3.6	3.4	3.1	3.3	0.2
Wyoming	15	13	13	13	14	1	5.2	4.4	4.4	4.4	4.8	0.4
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 3. Total separations levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)						Rates
	Jan. 2023	Oct. 2023	Nov. 2023	Dec. 2023	Jan. 2024(p)	Change from: Dec. 2023 - Jan. 2024(p)	Jan. 2023	Oct. 2023	Nov. 2023	Dec. 2023	Jan. 2024(p)	Change from: Dec. 2023 - Jan. 2024(p)
TOTAL U.S.	6,017	5,630	5,413	5,419	5,341	-78	3.9	3.6	3.4	3.4	3.4	0.0
Alabama	99	85	85	77	82	5	4.6	3.9	3.9	3.5	3.8	0.3
Alaska	20	17	17	21	18	-3	6.1	5.2	5.2	6.3	5.4	-0.9
Arizona	123	133	132	133	115	-18	3.9	4.2	4.2	4.1	3.5	-0.6
Arkansas	61	52	56	54	48	-6	4.5	3.8	4.1	4.0	3.5	-0.5
California	577	494	513	542	492	-50	3.2	2.7	2.8	3.0	2.7	-0.3
Colorado	117	118	117	104	127	23	4.0	4.0	4.0	3.5	4.3	0.8
Connecticut	54	59	51	58	61	3	3.2	3.5	3.0	3.4	3.6	0.2
Delaware	23	24	21	20	24	4	4.8	4.9	4.3	4.1	4.9	0.8
District of Columbia	23	24	24	22	22	0	3.0	3.1	3.1	2.9	2.9	0.0
Florida	409	381	385	376	378	2	4.2	3.9	3.9	3.8	3.8	0.0
Georgia	243	204	185	191	184	-7	5.0	4.1	3.7	3.9	3.7	-0.2
Hawaii	20	18	19	20	19	-1	3.2	2.8	3.0	3.2	3.0	-0.2
Idaho	39	37	42	39	40	1	4.6	4.3	4.9	4.6	4.7	0.1
Illinois	211	194	172	204	182	-22	3.5	3.2	2.8	3.3	3.0	-0.3
Indiana	127	125	132	127	120	-7	3.9	3.8	4.0	3.9	3.7	-0.2
Iowa	56	55	57	53	62	9	3.5	3.5	3.6	3.3	3.9	0.6
Kansas	52	46	52	53	56	3	3.6	3.2	3.6	3.7	3.9	0.2
Kentucky	96	77	76	71	79	8	4.8	3.8	3.7	3.5	3.9	0.4
Louisiana	102	96	81	84	89	5	5.2	4.9	4.1	4.3	4.5	0.2
Maine	25	33	27	24	24	0	3.9	5.1	4.1	3.7	3.7	0.0
Maryland	112	110	89	92	98	6	4.1	4.0	3.2	3.4	3.6	0.2
Massachusetts	106	113	102	102	97	-5	2.8	3.0	2.7	2.7	2.6	-0.1
Michigan	153	138	161	133	129	-4	3.5	3.1	3.6	3.0	2.9	-0.1
Minnesota	106	96	106	95	90	-5	3.6	3.2	3.5	3.2	3.0	-0.2
Mississippi	53	52	48	52	51	-1	4.5	4.4	4.1	4.4	4.3	-0.1
Missouri	106	106	98	102	95	-7	3.6	3.5	3.3	3.4	3.2	-0.2
Montana	27	30	28	27	26	-1	5.2	5.8	5.4	5.1	5.0	-0.1
Nebraska	43	33	38	38	45	7	4.1	3.2	3.6	3.6	4.3	0.7
Nevada	72	59	62	63	57	-6	4.7	3.8	3.9	4.0	3.6	-0.4
New Hampshire	31	31	24	24	27	3	4.4	4.4	3.4	3.4	3.8	0.4
New Jersey	186	183	140	134	140	6	4.3	4.2	3.2	3.1	3.2	0.1
New Mexico	35	33	34	31	37	6	4.1	3.8	3.9	3.5	4.2	0.7
New York	265	299	291	277	264	-13	2.7	3.1	3.0	2.8	2.7	-0.1
North Carolina	211	205	167	181	173	-8	4.3	4.2	3.4	3.6	3.5	-0.1
North Dakota	16	15	19	19	17	-2	3.7	3.4	4.3	4.3	3.8	-0.5
Ohio	197	201	188	187	178	-9	3.5	3.6	3.3	3.3	3.2	-0.1
Oklahoma	74	73	63	64	73	9	4.3	4.2	3.6	3.6	4.1	0.5
Oregon	82	77	76	63	82	19	4.1	3.8	3.8	3.2	4.2	1.0
Pennsylvania	187	234	190	178	191	13	3.1	3.8	3.1	2.9	3.1	0.2
Rhode Island	21	22	19	20	19	-1	4.2	4.4	3.8	3.9	3.7	-0.2
South Carolina	111	101	81	98	100	2	4.9	4.4	3.5	4.2	4.3	0.1
South Dakota	18	17	23	19	19	0	3.9	3.6	4.9	4.0	4.1	0.1
Tennessee	144	150	131	139	114	-25	4.4	4.5	4.0	4.2	3.4	-0.8
Texas	564	497	478	513	497	-16	4.1	3.5	3.4	3.7	3.5	-0.2
Utah	69	65	73	77	70	-7	4.1	3.8	4.2	4.4	4.0	-0.4
Vermont	13	14	12	13	12	-1	4.2	4.6	3.9	4.2	3.9	-0.3
Virginia	146	156	141	147	156	9	3.5	3.7	3.4	3.5	3.7	0.2
Washington	122	98	117	108	109	1	3.4	2.7	3.2	3.0	3.0	0.0
West Virginia	35	33	29	33	32	-1	5.0	4.7	4.1	4.6	4.4	-0.2
Wisconsin	100	101	110	102	104	2	3.3	3.3	3.6	3.4	3.4	0.0
Wyoming	15	14	15	15	14	-1	5.2	4.8	5.1	5.1	4.8	-0.3
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 4. Quits levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)						Rates
	Jan. 2023	Oct. 2023	Nov. 2023	Dec. 2023	Jan. 2024(p)	Change from: Dec. 2023 - Jan. 2024(p)	Jan. 2023	Oct. 2023	Nov. 2023	Dec. 2023	Jan. 2024(p)	Change from: Dec. 2023 - Jan. 2024(p)
TOTAL U.S.	3,882	3,634	3,516	3,439	3,385	-54	2.5	2.3	2.2	2.2	2.1	-0.1
Alabama	64	58	54	56	57	1	3.0	2.7	2.5	2.6	2.6	0.0
Alaska	12	10	11	13	12	-1	3.7	3.1	3.4	3.9	3.6	-0.3
Arizona	87	87	82	78	69	-9	2.8	2.7	2.6	2.4	2.1	-0.3
Arkansas	41	35	38	36	31	-5	3.0	2.6	2.8	2.7	2.3	-0.4
California	411	311	310	315	297	-18	2.3	1.7	1.7	1.8	1.6	-0.2
Colorado	80	68	68	63	82	19	2.8	2.3	2.3	2.1	2.8	0.7
Connecticut	33	29	30	34	38	4	2.0	1.7	1.8	2.0	2.2	0.2
Delaware	15	15	13	14	15	1	3.1	3.1	2.7	2.9	3.1	0.2
District of Columbia	15	15	14	14	14	0	1.9	1.9	1.8	1.8	1.8	0.0
Florida	272	268	286	250	263	13	2.8	2.7	2.9	2.5	2.7	0.2
Georgia	162	139	119	137	114	-23	3.3	2.8	2.4	2.8	2.3	-0.5
Hawaii	14	11	12	11	11	0	2.2	1.7	1.9	1.7	1.7	0.0
Idaho	27	22	27	24	25	1	3.2	2.6	3.1	2.8	2.9	0.1
Illinois	132	138	131	129	116	-13	2.2	2.2	2.1	2.1	1.9	-0.2
Indiana	86	88	81	67	74	7	2.7	2.7	2.5	2.1	2.3	0.2
Iowa	38	37	39	35	35	0	2.4	2.3	2.5	2.2	2.2	0.0
Kansas	35	30	36	34	30	-4	2.4	2.1	2.5	2.3	2.1	-0.2
Kentucky	69	54	51	49	53	4	3.5	2.7	2.5	2.4	2.6	0.2
Louisiana	67	60	53	53	56	3	3.4	3.0	2.7	2.7	2.9	0.2
Maine	14	15	18	14	15	1	2.2	2.3	2.7	2.1	2.3	0.2
Maryland	72	69	57	60	62	2	2.6	2.5	2.1	2.2	2.3	0.1
Massachusetts	57	59	52	60	57	-3	1.5	1.6	1.4	1.6	1.5	-0.1
Michigan	95	90	109	79	75	-4	2.2	2.0	2.5	1.8	1.7	-0.1
Minnesota	72	68	76	65	50	-15	2.4	2.3	2.5	2.2	1.7	-0.5
Mississippi	36	36	32	34	35	1	3.1	3.1	2.7	2.9	3.0	0.1
Missouri	73	73	69	66	58	-8	2.5	2.4	2.3	2.2	1.9	-0.3
Montana	18	17	17	16	16	0	3.5	3.3	3.3	3.1	3.0	-0.1
Nebraska	23	22	26	24	23	-1	2.2	2.1	2.5	2.3	2.2	-0.1
Nevada	48	38	37	37	33	-4	3.1	2.4	2.3	2.4	2.1	-0.3
New Hampshire	16	17	15	15	17	2	2.3	2.4	2.1	2.1	2.4	0.3
New Jersey	77	88	74	78	77	-1	1.8	2.0	1.7	1.8	1.8	0.0
New Mexico	24	22	22	18	21	3	2.8	2.5	2.5	2.0	2.4	0.4
New York	164	161	174	161	158	-3	1.7	1.7	1.8	1.6	1.6	0.0
North Carolina	132	134	99	107	103	-4	2.7	2.7	2.0	2.2	2.1	-0.1
North Dakota	11	11	13	12	9	-3	2.5	2.5	3.0	2.7	2.0	-0.7
Ohio	134	131	130	113	114	1	2.4	2.3	2.3	2.0	2.0	0.0
Oklahoma	49	50	43	41	45	4	2.8	2.9	2.5	2.3	2.5	0.2
Oregon	55	49	52	40	49	9	2.8	2.4	2.6	2.0	2.5	0.5
Pennsylvania	121	129	126	129	136	7	2.0	2.1	2.0	2.1	2.2	0.1
Rhode Island	12	11	12	11	12	1	2.4	2.2	2.4	2.2	2.3	0.1
South Carolina	74	65	57	67	65	-2	3.3	2.8	2.5	2.9	2.8	-0.1
South Dakota	12	11	16	12	11	-1	2.6	2.4	3.4	2.6	2.4	-0.2
Tennessee	102	108	85	92	76	-16	3.1	3.3	2.6	2.8	2.3	-0.5
Texas	391	363	334	364	355	-9	2.8	2.6	2.4	2.6	2.5	-0.1
Utah	47	43	47	49	47	-2	2.8	2.5	2.7	2.8	2.7	-0.1
Vermont	7	7	8	8	7	-1	2.3	2.3	2.6	2.6	2.2	-0.4
Virginia	95	103	93	95	101	6	2.3	2.5	2.2	2.3	2.4	0.1
Washington	85	61	71	64	66	2	2.4	1.7	1.9	1.8	1.8	0.0
West Virginia	23	22	19	23	21	-2	3.3	3.1	2.7	3.2	2.9	-0.3
Wisconsin	68	71	74	63	67	4	2.3	2.4	2.4	2.1	2.2	0.1
Wyoming	10	9	10	9	9	0	3.5	3.1	3.4	3.1	3.1	0.0
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)						Rates
	Jan. 2023	Oct. 2023	Nov. 2023	Dec. 2023	Jan. 2024(p)	Change from: Dec. 2023 - Jan. 2024(p)	Jan. 2023	Oct. 2023	Nov. 2023	Dec. 2023	Jan. 2024(p)	Change from: Dec. 2023 - Jan. 2024(p)
TOTAL U.S.	1,868	1,653	1,546	1,607	1,572	-35	1.2	1.1	1.0	1.0	1.0	0.0
Alabama	23	22	25	17	20	3	1.1	1.0	1.2	0.8	0.9	0.1
Alaska	6	5	5	7	4	-3	1.8	1.5	1.5	2.1	1.2	-0.9
Arizona	29	38	43	41	38	-3	0.9	1.2	1.4	1.3	1.2	-0.1
Arkansas	16	14	14	14	14	0	1.2	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	0.0
California	145	158	171	191	163	-28	0.8	0.9	0.9	1.1	0.9	-0.2
Colorado	28	41	39	33	36	3	1.0	1.4	1.3	1.1	1.2	0.1
Connecticut	16	25	17	18	19	1	1.0	1.5	1.0	1.1	1.1	0.0
Delaware	7	7	6	5	8	3	1.5	1.4	1.2	1.0	1.6	0.6
District of Columbia	6	6	7	6	6	0	0.8	0.8	0.9	0.8	0.8	0.0
Florida	123	94	83	103	94	-9	1.3	1.0	0.8	1.0	0.9	-0.1
Georgia	69	45	54	42	53	11	1.4	0.9	1.1	0.9	1.1	0.2
Hawaii	4	6	6	7	5	-2	0.6	0.9	0.9	1.1	0.8	-0.3
Idaho	8	12	13	13	11	-2	0.9	1.4	1.5	1.5	1.3	-0.2
Illinois	69	50	35	63	55	-8	1.1	0.8	0.6	1.0	0.9	-0.1
Indiana	34	32	43	53	37	-16	1.1	1.0	1.3	1.6	1.1	-0.5
Iowa	15	15	14	15	19	4	0.9	0.9	0.9	0.9	1.2	0.3
Kansas	14	13	13	15	17	2	1.0	0.9	0.9	1.0	1.2	0.2
Kentucky	23	18	20	18	19	1	1.2	0.9	1.0	0.9	0.9	0.0
Louisiana	31	28	22	24	25	1	1.6	1.4	1.1	1.2	1.3	0.1
Maine	9	15	7	7	7	0	1.4	2.3	1.1	1.1	1.1	0.0
Maryland	32	31	25	25	27	2	1.2	1.1	0.9	0.9	1.0	0.1
Massachusetts	39	43	39	32	32	0	1.0	1.1	1.0	0.9	0.9	0.0
Michigan	50	41	44	38	44	6	1.1	0.9	1.0	0.9	1.0	0.1
Minnesota	29	22	24	26	29	3	1.0	0.7	0.8	0.9	1.0	0.1
Mississippi	14	12	12	14	13	-1	1.2	1.0	1.0	1.2	1.1	-0.1
Missouri	28	27	22	29	30	1	0.9	0.9	0.7	1.0	1.0	0.0
Montana	6	12	9	9	8	-1	1.2	2.3	1.7	1.7	1.5	-0.2
Nebraska	18	8	11	12	15	3	1.7	0.8	1.0	1.1	1.4	0.3
Nevada	20	17	21	23	21	-2	1.3	1.1	1.3	1.5	1.3	-0.2
New Hampshire	13	11	7	7	8	1	1.9	1.6	1.0	1.0	1.1	0.1
New Jersey	101	84	38	40	51	11	2.3	1.9	0.9	0.9	1.2	0.3
New Mexico	9	9	9	11	14	3	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.2	1.6	0.4
New York	85	118	100	91	92	1	0.9	1.2	1.0	0.9	0.9	0.0
North Carolina	71	52	58	62	60	-2	1.5	1.1	1.2	1.2	1.2	0.0
North Dakota	5	4	5	6	5	-1	1.2	0.9	1.1	1.4	1.1	-0.3
Ohio	57	58	49	63	47	-16	1.0	1.0	0.9	1.1	0.8	-0.3
Oklahoma	21	17	15	18	23	5	1.2	1.0	0.9	1.0	1.3	0.3
Oregon	21	23	20	18	26	8	1.1	1.1	1.0	0.9	1.3	0.4
Pennsylvania	60	92	46	39	48	9	1.0	1.5	0.7	0.6	0.8	0.2
Rhode Island	8	9	6	6	6	0	1.6	1.8	1.2	1.2	1.2	0.0
South Carolina	31	29	20	26	30	4	1.4	1.3	0.9	1.1	1.3	0.2
South Dakota	5	4	5	6	5	-1	1.1	0.9	1.1	1.3	1.1	-0.2
Tennessee	37	35	38	38	30	-8	1.1	1.1	1.1	1.2	0.9	-0.3
Texas	153	111	128	125	119	-6	1.1	0.8	0.9	0.9	0.8	-0.1
Utah	16	18	23	21	18	-3	0.9	1.0	1.3	1.2	1.0	-0.2
Vermont	4	5	3	4	4	0	1.3	1.6	1.0	1.3	1.3	0.0
Virginia	44	42	36	43	43	0	1.1	1.0	0.9	1.0	1.0	0.0
Washington	27	31	40	37	35	-2	0.8	0.9	1.1	1.0	1.0	0.0
West Virginia	10	8	8	7	9	2	1.4	1.1	1.1	1.0	1.2	0.2
Wisconsin	27	25	28	32	26	-6	0.9	0.8	0.9	1.1	0.9	-0.2
Wyoming	4	4	4	4	4	0	1.4	1.4	1.3	1.4	1.4	0.0
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 6. Job openings levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)			Rates
	Jan. 2023	Dec. 2023	Jan. 2024(p)	Jan. 2023	Dec. 2023	Jan. 2024(p)
TOTAL U.S.	10,502	8,344	8,943	6.4	5.0	5.4
Alabama	149	134	130	6.6	5.8	5.7
Alaska	26	24	23	7.7	7.0	6.8
Arizona	244	163	166	7.2	4.7	4.9
Arkansas	104	75	75	7.2	5.2	5.3
California	1,004	803	832	5.4	4.3	4.5
Colorado	203	228	189	6.6	7.1	6.0
Connecticut	96	86	91	5.5	4.8	5.1
Delaware	36	26	36	7.1	5.1	7.1
District of Columbia	48	36	48	6.0	4.5	5.9
Florida	683	501	501	6.6	4.8	4.8
Georgia	429	279	295	8.1	5.3	5.7
Hawaii	39	34	28	5.8	5.0	4.2
Idaho	54	52	50	6.2	5.7	5.7
Illinois	452	340	337	7.0	5.2	5.3
Indiana	194	135	152	5.7	4.0	4.5
Iowa	98	82	94	5.9	4.9	5.6
Kansas	99	77	85	6.5	5.0	5.6
Kentucky	151	113	116	7.1	5.2	5.5
Louisiana	180	112	135	8.5	5.4	6.5
Maine	42	38	45	6.3	5.5	6.6
Maryland	223	165	240	7.7	5.6	8.2
Massachusetts	272	212	204	6.9	5.4	5.3
Michigan	277	247	258	6.0	5.2	5.6
Minnesota	208	188	177	6.6	5.9	5.7
Mississippi	82	73	70	6.6	5.8	5.6
Missouri	204	153	201	6.5	4.8	6.3
Montana	37	39	34	6.8	7.0	6.3
Nebraska	78	52	61	7.1	4.7	5.5
Nevada	106	79	84	6.6	4.8	5.1
New Hampshire	57	40	44	7.6	5.3	6.0
New Jersey	276	216	222	6.1	4.7	4.9
New Mexico	66	52	68	7.2	5.6	7.2
New York	448	438	553	4.5	4.3	5.4
North Carolina	334	265	297	6.5	5.0	5.7
North Dakota	28	24	25	6.1	5.1	5.4
Ohio	369	278	323	6.3	4.7	5.5
Oklahoma	140	105	124	7.6	5.6	6.6
Oregon	142	102	156	6.8	4.9	7.4
Pennsylvania	455	357	387	7.1	5.5	6.0
Rhode Island	34	28	27	6.6	5.2	5.2
South Carolina	191	157	179	7.9	6.3	7.2
South Dakota	31	26	25	6.5	5.3	5.3
Tennessee	245	187	212	7.0	5.3	6.1
Texas	906	772	745	6.2	5.2	5.1
Utah	120	91	101	6.7	5.0	5.5
Vermont	25	19	19	7.7	5.8	5.7
Virginia	332	268	257	7.5	6.0	5.8
Washington	240	150	182	6.3	4.0	4.8
West Virginia	67	46	53	8.9	6.0	7.0
Wisconsin	242	153	172	7.6	4.8	5.5
Wyoming	18	22	17	5.9	7.0	5.6
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 7. Hires levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)			Rates
	Jan. 2023	Dec. 2023	Jan. 2024(p)	Jan. 2023	Dec. 2023	Jan. 2024(p)
TOTAL U.S.	6,156	4,301	5,529	4.0	2.7	3.6
Alabama	95	80	88	4.5	3.6	4.1
Alaska	18	10	17	5.7	3.3	5.2
Arizona	166	91	130	5.3	2.8	4.0
Arkansas	61	44	52	4.6	3.2	3.9
California	636	402	478	3.6	2.2	2.7
Colorado	113	108	113	3.9	3.6	3.9
Connecticut	52	46	60	3.1	2.7	3.6
Delaware	22	17	25	4.7	3.5	5.3
District of Columbia	22	18	23	2.9	2.3	3.1
Florida	405	368	376	4.2	3.7	3.8
Georgia	254	142	213	5.2	2.9	4.3
Hawaii	26	17	19	4.2	2.6	3.1
Idaho	40	27	36	4.8	3.1	4.3
Illinois	239	182	205	4.0	3.0	3.4
Indiana	126	78	107	3.9	2.4	3.3
Iowa	53	37	53	3.4	2.3	3.4
Kansas	56	41	49	3.9	2.8	3.4
Kentucky	89	77	84	4.5	3.8	4.2
Louisiana	108	64	100	5.6	3.2	5.1
Maine	25	16	21	3.9	2.5	3.3
Maryland	119	93	108	4.4	3.4	4.0
Massachusetts	124	73	82	3.4	2.0	2.2
Michigan	165	117	132	3.8	2.6	3.0
Minnesota	88	82	99	3.0	2.7	3.4
Mississippi	55	44	51	4.8	3.7	4.3
Missouri	105	65	90	3.6	2.2	3.0
Montana	24	22	24	4.8	4.2	4.6
Nebraska	42	29	40	4.1	2.7	3.9
Nevada	77	45	61	5.1	2.8	3.9
New Hampshire	28	19	26	4.1	2.8	3.7
New Jersey	131	98	118	3.1	2.2	2.7
New Mexico	37	19	33	4.3	2.1	3.8
New York	272	196	270	2.9	2.0	2.8
North Carolina	197	116	200	4.1	2.3	4.1
North Dakota	14	12	16	3.3	2.6	3.7
Ohio	203	134	180	3.7	2.4	3.3
Oklahoma	88	65	84	5.1	3.6	4.8
Oregon	88	49	88	4.5	2.4	4.5
Pennsylvania	189	122	221	3.2	2.0	3.7
Rhode Island	18	14	16	3.8	2.7	3.3
South Carolina	111	84	122	5.0	3.6	5.3
South Dakota	18	13	16	4.0	2.8	3.4
Tennessee	159	116	151	4.9	3.5	4.6
Texas	622	452	537	4.6	3.2	3.9
Utah	84	49	65	5.0	2.8	3.8
Vermont	14	10	12	4.6	3.2	4.0
Virginia	167	127	164	4.1	3.0	4.0
Washington	153	71	132	4.3	1.9	3.7
West Virginia	35	25	35	5.1	3.5	5.0
Wisconsin	108	67	94	3.7	2.2	3.2
Wyoming	12	11	11	4.3	3.8	4.0
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 8. Total separations levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)			Rates
	Jan. 2023	Dec. 2023	Jan. 2024(p)	Jan. 2023	Dec. 2023	Jan. 2024(p)
TOTAL U.S.	6,404	5,165	5,692	4.2	3.3	3.7
Alabama	107	66	82	5.1	3.0	3.8
Alaska	16	19	14	5.2	6.0	4.5
Arizona	135	123	122	4.3	3.8	3.8
Arkansas	67	49	51	5.0	3.6	3.8
California	626	563	551	3.5	3.1	3.1
Colorado	106	100	120	3.7	3.4	4.1
Connecticut	62	58	69	3.8	3.4	4.1
Delaware	26	17	27	5.5	3.4	5.7
District of Columbia	27	20	24	3.6	2.6	3.2
Florida	455	345	391	4.7	3.5	4.0
Georgia	256	171	194	5.3	3.4	4.0
Hawaii	24	17	23	3.8	2.7	3.6
Idaho	37	38	38	4.4	4.5	4.6
Illinois	244	210	204	4.1	3.4	3.4
Indiana	134	121	125	4.2	3.7	3.9
Iowa	56	50	62	3.6	3.1	3.9
Kansas	55	46	60	3.8	3.1	4.2
Kentucky	109	63	89	5.5	3.1	4.5
Louisiana	107	72	90	5.5	3.7	4.6
Maine	26	24	25	4.1	3.7	4.0
Maryland	136	83	115	5.1	3.0	4.3
Massachusetts	113	98	102	3.1	2.6	2.8
Michigan	166	126	142	3.8	2.8	3.2
Minnesota	113	99	94	3.9	3.3	3.2
Mississippi	55	47	49	4.7	3.9	4.2
Missouri	111	98	100	3.8	3.3	3.4
Montana	27	26	25	5.3	4.9	4.8
Nebraska	51	35	53	4.9	3.3	5.1
Nevada	76	64	63	5.0	4.0	4.0
New Hampshire	32	23	28	4.7	3.2	4.0
New Jersey	216	126	157	5.1	2.9	3.6
New Mexico	34	29	38	4.0	3.3	4.3
New York	306	273	299	3.2	2.8	3.1
North Carolina	223	156	171	4.6	3.1	3.5
North Dakota	17	20	17	4.0	4.5	4.0
Ohio	213	178	183	3.9	3.1	3.3
Oklahoma	81	57	80	4.8	3.2	4.5
Oregon	79	62	84	4.0	3.1	4.3
Pennsylvania	217	174	214	3.6	2.8	3.6
Rhode Island	24	20	21	5.0	3.9	4.3
South Carolina	123	89	110	5.5	3.8	4.7
South Dakota	19	18	20	4.1	3.9	4.3
Tennessee	176	126	134	5.4	3.8	4.1
Texas	597	486	502	4.4	3.4	3.6
Utah	75	79	77	4.5	4.5	4.5
Vermont	12	13	11	4.0	4.0	3.5
Virginia	148	143	160	3.6	3.4	3.9
Washington	136	99	121	3.8	2.7	3.4
West Virginia	37	30	33	5.4	4.2	4.6
Wisconsin	111	104	117	3.8	3.4	3.9
Wyoming	14	13	13	5.1	4.4	4.5
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 9. Quits levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)			Rates
	Jan. 2023	Dec. 2023	Jan. 2024(p)	Jan. 2023	Dec. 2023	Jan. 2024(p)
TOTAL U.S.	3,743	2,933	3,242	2.5	1.9	2.1
Alabama	60	44	53	2.8	2.0	2.4
Alaska	9	11	9	2.9	3.5	2.8
Arizona	89	69	69	2.8	2.1	2.1
Arkansas	42	30	31	3.1	2.2	2.3
California	385	281	290	2.2	1.6	1.6
Colorado	68	60	76	2.4	2.0	2.6
Connecticut	33	28	39	2.0	1.7	2.3
Delaware	15	11	14	3.1	2.2	3.0
District of Columbia	17	11	15	2.2	1.4	2.0
Florida	259	231	244	2.7	2.3	2.5
Georgia	161	121	110	3.3	2.4	2.2
Hawaii	16	9	12	2.6	1.5	2.0
Idaho	23	21	23	2.8	2.4	2.7
Illinois	130	117	111	2.2	1.9	1.9
Indiana	80	54	67	2.5	1.7	2.1
Iowa	33	27	30	2.1	1.7	1.9
Kansas	33	27	27	2.3	1.8	1.9
Kentucky	72	40	56	3.7	1.9	2.8
Louisiana	63	42	51	3.3	2.2	2.6
Maine	13	11	15	2.0	1.7	2.3
Maryland	77	47	65	2.9	1.7	2.4
Massachusetts	57	47	56	1.6	1.3	1.5
Michigan	90	67	68	2.1	1.5	1.5
Minnesota	69	59	46	2.4	2.0	1.6
Mississippi	34	28	31	2.9	2.4	2.7
Missouri	73	56	56	2.5	1.9	1.9
Montana	17	14	14	3.3	2.7	2.7
Nebraska	24	19	24	2.3	1.8	2.3
Nevada	50	33	35	3.3	2.1	2.3
New Hampshire	15	11	16	2.1	1.5	2.2
New Jersey	75	56	73	1.8	1.3	1.7
New Mexico	22	15	20	2.5	1.7	2.2
New York	162	148	157	1.7	1.5	1.6
North Carolina	122	79	87	2.5	1.6	1.8
North Dakota	9	10	8	2.2	2.3	1.8
Ohio	127	88	103	2.3	1.6	1.9
Oklahoma	49	34	44	2.9	1.9	2.5
Oregon	50	36	47	2.5	1.8	2.4
Pennsylvania	124	108	139	2.1	1.7	2.3
Rhode Island	12	10	12	2.4	1.9	2.4
South Carolina	78	57	66	3.5	2.4	2.9
South Dakota	11	9	10	2.4	2.0	2.2
Tennessee	109	79	80	3.3	2.4	2.5
Texas	382	309	338	2.8	2.2	2.4
Utah	47	47	47	2.8	2.7	2.8
Vermont	6	6	6	2.0	2.0	2.0
Virginia	86	81	93	2.1	1.9	2.2
Washington	89	50	72	2.5	1.4	2.0
West Virginia	22	20	19	3.2	2.7	2.7
Wisconsin	63	54	61	2.1	1.8	2.1
Wyoming	8	7	8	2.9	2.5	2.7
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 10. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)			Rates
	Jan. 2023	Dec. 2023	Jan. 2024(p)	Jan. 2023	Dec. 2023	Jan. 2024(p)
TOTAL U.S.	2,329	1,829	2,003	1.5	1.2	1.3
Alabama	29	18	22	1.4	0.8	1.0
Alaska	6	7	4	1.8	2.0	1.3
Arizona	36	41	44	1.1	1.2	1.4
Arkansas	21	16	16	1.6	1.1	1.2
California	220	236	230	1.2	1.3	1.3
Colorado	29	32	36	1.0	1.1	1.2
Connecticut	24	24	26	1.4	1.4	1.6
Delaware	10	5	11	2.1	1.0	2.3
District of Columbia	7	6	6	1.0	0.8	0.8
Florida	181	93	128	1.9	0.9	1.3
Georgia	76	40	56	1.6	0.8	1.1
Hawaii	7	6	7	1.1	0.9	1.2
Idaho	10	14	12	1.2	1.7	1.5
Illinois	104	80	79	1.7	1.3	1.3
Indiana	47	60	47	1.5	1.8	1.5
Iowa	20	19	24	1.3	1.2	1.5
Kansas	19	15	22	1.3	1.0	1.6
Kentucky	31	19	26	1.6	0.9	1.3
Louisiana	39	24	29	2.0	1.2	1.5
Maine	11	10	9	1.7	1.6	1.5
Maryland	48	30	38	1.8	1.1	1.4
Massachusetts	45	41	37	1.2	1.1	1.0
Michigan	67	42	61	1.5	0.9	1.4
Minnesota	38	34	37	1.3	1.1	1.3
Mississippi	19	14	14	1.6	1.2	1.2
Missouri	34	34	35	1.1	1.1	1.2
Montana	8	9	8	1.5	1.8	1.5
Nebraska	24	14	21	2.3	1.3	2.0
Nevada	22	26	23	1.4	1.6	1.5
New Hampshire	15	9	10	2.2	1.3	1.5
New Jersey	128	56	69	3.0	1.3	1.6
New Mexico	10	11	15	1.1	1.2	1.7
New York	127	94	127	1.3	1.0	1.3
North Carolina	90	65	73	1.9	1.3	1.5
North Dakota	7	8	7	1.6	1.8	1.6
Ohio	81	75	63	1.5	1.3	1.1
Oklahoma	27	19	30	1.6	1.0	1.7
Oregon	23	21	28	1.2	1.0	1.4
Pennsylvania	85	55	67	1.4	0.9	1.1
Rhode Island	11	9	8	2.2	1.7	1.6
South Carolina	38	27	36	1.7	1.1	1.5
South Dakota	7	7	7	1.5	1.5	1.5
Tennessee	60	39	43	1.8	1.2	1.3
Texas	191	151	138	1.4	1.1	1.0
Utah	22	24	22	1.3	1.4	1.3
Vermont	5	5	4	1.6	1.5	1.4
Virginia	52	53	51	1.3	1.3	1.2
Washington	34	41	40	0.9	1.1	1.1
West Virginia	13	8	10	1.8	1.1	1.4
Wisconsin	43	42	41	1.5	1.4	1.4
Wyoming	5	4	4	1.9	1.5	1.4
Footnotes (p) Preliminary