State Job Openings and Labor Turnover News Release

For release 10:00 a.m. (ET) Wednesday, April 19, 2023	USDL-23-0724
Technical information:	(202) 691-5870  •  JoltsInfo@bls.gov  •  www.bls.gov/jlt
Media contact:		(202) 691-5902  •  PressOffice@bls.gov

			STATE JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – FEBRUARY 2023

Job openings rates decreased in 20 states and increased in 2 states on the last business day of February, 
the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Hires rates decreased in 4 states and increased in 1 
state. Total separations rates decreased in 4 states and increased in 3 states. Nationally, the job openings 
rate decreased in February, while the hires and total separations rates showed little change.

This release includes estimates of the number and rate of job openings, hires, total separations, quits, and 
layoffs and discharges for the total nonfarm sector and for all states and the District of Columbia. 

Job Openings

In February, job openings rates decreased in 20 states, increased in 2 states, and were little changed in 
28 states and the District of Columbia. The largest decreases in job openings rates occurred in West 
Virginia (-1.9 percentage points), Wisconsin (-1.8 points), and Washington (-1.4 points). The increases 
occurred in Maine (+0.9 point) and Colorado (+0.5 point). Over the month, the national job openings 
rate decreased (-0.4 point). (See table A.)

The number of job openings decreased in 21 states and the District of Columbia, increased in 2 states, 
and was little changed in 27 states in February. The largest decreases in the job openings level occurred 
in Florida (-75,000), Wisconsin (-61,000), and California (-57,000). The increases occurred in Colorado 
(+18,000) and Maine (+7,000). Nationally, the number of job openings decreased over the month  
(-632,000). (See table A.)

Hires

In February, hires rates decreased in 4 states, increased in 1 state, and were little changed in 45 states 
and the District of Columbia. The decreases in the hires rates occurred in Arizona and Georgia 
(-0.7 percentage point each), as well as in Pennsylvania and Washington (-0.6 point each). The increase 
occurred in Colorado (+0.7 point). The national hires rate was little changed over the month.  
(See table B.)

The number of hires decreased in 4 states, increased in 2 states, and was little changed in 44 states and 
the District of Columbia in February. The largest decreases in the hires level occurred in Pennsylvania  
(-35,000), Georgia (-33,000), and Washington (-21,000). The increases occurred in Colorado (+22,000) 
and Nebraska (+7,000). Nationally, the number of hires was little changed over the month. (See table B.)

Total Separations

In February, total separations rates decreased in 4 states, increased in 3 states, and were little changed 
in 43 states and the District of Columbia. The largest decreases in total separations rates occurred in 
New Jersey (-1.3 percentage points), New Hampshire (-1.0 point), and South Carolina (-0.7 point). The 
increases occurred in South Dakota (+1.1 points), Maryland (+0.8 point), and Indiana (+0.5 point). Over 
the month, the national total separations rate was little changed. (See table C.)

In February, the number of total separations decreased in 3 states, increased in 2 states, and was little 
changed in 45 states and the District of Columbia. The decreases in the total separations level occurred 
in New Jersey (-57,000), South Carolina (-15,000), and New Hampshire (-7,000). The increases 
occurred in Maryland (+20,000) and South Dakota (+5,000). Nationally, the number of total separations 
was little changed over the month. (See table C.)
 
Quits

In February, quits rates increased in 8 states and the District of Columbia, decreased in 1 state, and 
were little changed in 41 states. The largest increases in quits rates occurred in the District of Columbia 
(+0.8 percentage point), Georgia and Maryland (+0.7 point each), and Maine (+0.6 point). The decrease 
occurred in Pennsylvania (-0.3 point). Over the month, the national quits rate was little changed. (See 
table D.)

The number of quits increased in 7 states and the District of Columbia, decreased in 1 state, and was 
little changed in 42 states in February. The largest increases in the quits level occurred in Texas 
(+45,000), Georgia (+34,000), and Virginia (+20,000). The decrease occurred in Pennsylvania 
(-18,000). Nationally, the number of quits edged up over the month. (See table D.)
 
Layoffs and Discharges 

In February, layoffs and discharges rates decreased in 11 states, increased in 1 state, and were little 
changed in 38 states and the District of Columbia. The largest decreases in layoffs and discharges rates 
occurred in New Jersey (-1.4 percentage points) and New Hampshire (-0.9 point), as well as in North 
Carolina, Rhode Island, and South Carolina (-0.6 point each). The increase occurred in South Dakota 
(+0.6 point). Over the month, the national layoffs and discharges rate was little changed. (See table E.)

The number of layoffs and discharges decreased in 10 states, increased in 1 state, and was little 
changed in 39 states and the District of Columbia in February. The largest decreases in the layoffs and 
discharges levels occurred in New Jersey (-57,000), Texas (-49,000), and North Carolina (-28,000). The 
increase occurred in South Dakota (+3,000). Nationally, the number of layoffs and discharges decreased 
over the month (-215,000). (See table E.)

For more information, please see the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS) interactive 
charts at www.bls.gov/charts/state-job-openings-and-labor-turnover/state-job-openings-rates.htm#.  
	
_____________
The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey State estimates for March 2023 are scheduled to 
be released on Wednesday, May 17, 2023, at 10:00 a.m. (ET).


_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
|		Upcoming Changes to State Estimates from the Job Openings and Labor Turnover			|
|						Survey 								|
|														|
|Effective with the release of May 2023 data on July 26, 2023, the Job Openings and Labor Turnover 		|
|Survey (JOLTS) state estimates will be benchmarked, or revised, to incorporate the annual updates to		| 
|the Current Employment Statistics state employment estimates, Quarterly Census of Employment and 		|
|Wages (QCEW) updates through fourth quarter 2022, revised JOLTS national data and revised JOLTS 		|
|seasonal adjustment factors. This represents a change from 2022 when estimates were published in June 		|
|for release of April data. This change in release date from 2022 is being made to incorporate QCEW 		|
|data through the fourth quarter of 2022. Not seasonally adjusted data and seasonally adjusted data from 	|
|January 2018 forward are subject to revision. Additional historical data may also be revised due to 		|
|benchmarking. 													|
|														|
|JOLTS will introduce several changes to the monthly news release tables beginning with the May 2023 		|
|news release. Significance tables A through E will be removed from the news release and provided as 		|
|supplemental tables on the JOLTS website. JOLTS will also introduce over-the-month change columns 		|
|for levels and rates to tables 1 through 5. Also, two tables will be added to present annual average job 	|
|openings levels and rates. (Annual estimates of levels and rates are published each year with the annual 	|
|processing.) 													|
|														|
|Also effective with the release of May 2023 data, JOLTS will modify its estimation methodology to 		|
|reduce variance. State data from January 2018 forward is subject to revision. 					|
|														|
|Additional information about these changes is available at www.bls.gov/jlt/jolts-2023-changes.htm.		|
|_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________|
 

Technical Note

This news release presents statistics from the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The JOLTS 
program provides information on labor demand and turnover. Additional information about the JOLTS program can 
be found at www.bls.gov/jlt/. State estimates are published for job openings, hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, and 
total separations. The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments, as well as civilian federal, state, 
and local government entities in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Starting with data for January 2023, 
industries are classified in accordance with the 2022 North American Industry Classification System.

Definitions

Employment. Employment includes persons on the payroll who worked or received pay for the pay period that 
includes the 12th day of the reference month. Full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term, seasonal, salaried, and 
hourly employees are included, as are employees on paid vacation or other paid leave. Proprietors or partners of 
unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, or employees on strike for the entire pay period, and employees 
on leave without pay for the entire pay period are not counted as employed. Employees of temporary help agencies, 
employee leasing companies, outside contractors, and consultants are counted by their employer of record, not by 
the establishment where they are working. JOLTS does not publish employment estimates but uses the reported 
employment for validation of the other reported data elements.

Job Openings. Job openings include all positions that are open on the last business day of the reference month. 
A job is open only if it meets all three of these conditions: 
* A specific position exists and there is work available for that position. The position can be full-time or part-
time, and it can be permanent, short-term, or seasonal. 
* The job could start within 30 days, whether or not the employer can find a suitable candidate during that time. 
* The employer is actively recruiting workers from outside the establishment to fill the position. Active recruiting 
means that the establishment is taking steps to fill a position. It may include advertising in newspapers, on 
television, or on the radio; posting internet notices, posting "help wanted" signs, networking, or making "word-
of-mouth" announcements; accepting applications; interviewing candidates; contacting employment agencies; 
or soliciting employees at job fairs, state or local employment offices, or similar sources.

Excluded are positions open only to internal transfers, promotions or demotions, or recall from layoffs. Also 
excluded are openings for positions with start dates more than 30 days in the future; positions for which employees 
have been hired but the employees have not yet reported for work; and positions to be filled by employees of 
temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The job openings rate is 
computed by dividing the number of job openings by the sum of employment and job openings and multiplying that 
quotient by 100.

Hires. Hires include all additions to the payroll during the entire reference month, including newly hired and 
rehired employees; full-time and part-time employees; permanent, short-term, and seasonal employees; employees 
who were recalled to a job at the location following a layoff (formal suspension from pay status) lasting more than 7 
days; on-call or intermittent employees who returned to work after having been formally separated; workers who 
were hired and separated during the month, and transfers from other locations. Excluded are transfers or promotions 
within the reporting location, employees returning from strike, employees of temporary help agencies, employee 
leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The hires rate is computed by dividing the number of hires by 
employment and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Separations. Separations include all separations from the payroll during the entire reference month and is 
reported by type of separation:  quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Quits include employees who 
left voluntarily, with the exception of retirements or transfers to other locations. Layoffs and discharges includes 
involuntary separations initiated by the employer, such as layoffs with no intent to rehire; layoffs (formal 
suspensions from pay status) lasting or expected to last more than 7 days; discharges resulting from mergers, 
downsizing, or closings; firings or other discharges for cause; terminations of permanent or short-term employees; 
and terminations of seasonal employees (whether or not they are expected to return the next season). Other 
separations include retirements, transfers to other locations, separations due to employee disability; and deaths. 
Other separations comprise less than 8 percent of total separations. Other separations rates are generally very low, 
and other separations variance estimates are relatively high. Consequently, the other separations component is not 
published for states. 

Excluded from separations are transfers within the same location; employees on strike; employees of temporary help 
agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The separations rate is computed by 
dividing the number of separations by employment and multiplying that quotient by 100. The quits and layoffs and 
discharges rates are computed similarly.

State Estimation Method

The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random sample of approximately 21,000 nonfarm business and 
government establishments. The sample is stratified by ownership, region, industry sector, and establishment size 
class. The JOLTS sample of 21,000 establishments does not directly support the production of sample-based state 
estimates. However, state estimates have been produced by combining the available sample with model-based 
estimates.

The state estimates consist of four major estimating models; the Composite Regional model (an unpublished 
intermediate model), the Synthetic model (an unpublished intermediate model), the Composite Synthetic model 
(published historical series through the most current benchmark year), and the Extended Composite Synthetic model 
(published current-year monthly series). The Composite Regional model uses JOLTS microdata, JOLTS regional 
published estimates, and Current Employment Statistics (CES) employment data. The Composite Synthetic model 
uses JOLTS microdata and Synthetic model estimates derived from monthly employment changes in microdata from 
the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW), and JOLTS published regional data. The Extended 
Composite Synthetic model extends the Composite Synthetic estimates by ratio-adjusting the Composite Synthetic 
model by the ratio of the current Composite Regional model estimate to the Composite Regional model estimate 
from the previous year.

The Extended Composite Synthetic model (and its major component-the Composite Regional model) is used 
to extend the Composite Synthetic estimates because all of the inputs required by this model are available at the time 
monthly estimate are produced. In contrast, the Composite Synthetic model (and its major component-the 
Synthetic model) can only be produced when the latest QCEW data are available. The Extended Composite 
Synthetic model estimates are used to extend the Composite Synthetic model estimates during the annual JOLTS
retabulation process. The extension of the Composite Synthetic model using current data-based Composite Regional 
model estimates ensures that the Composite Synthetic model estimates reflect current economic trends.

The Composite Regional approach calculates state-level JOLTS estimates from JOLTS microdata using sample 
weights and the adjustments for non-response. The Composite Regional estimate is then benchmarked to CES state-
supersector employment to produce state-supersector estimates. The JOLTS sample, by itself, cannot ensure a 
reasonably sized sample for each state-supersector cell. The small JOLTS sample results in several state-supersector 
cells that lack enough data to produce a reasonable estimate. To overcome this issue, the state-level estimates 
derived directly from the JOLTS sample are augmented using JOLTS regional estimates when the number of 
respondents is low (that is, less than 30). This approach is known as a composite estimate, which leverages the small 
JOLTS sample to the greatest extent possible and supplements that with a model-based estimate. Previous research 
has found that regional industry estimates are a good proxy at finer levels of geographical detail. That is, one can 
make a reliable prediction of JOLTS estimates at the regional-level using only national industry-level JOLTS rates. 
The assumption in this approach is that one can make a good prediction of JOLTS estimates at the state-level using 
only regional industry-level JOLTS rates.)

In this approach, the JOLTS microdata-based estimate is used, without model augmentation, in all state-
supersector cells that have 30 or more respondents. The JOLTS regional estimate will be used, without a sample-
based component, in all state-supersector cells that have fewer than five respondents. In all state-supersector cells 
with 5 to 30 respondents, an estimate is calculated that is a composition of a weighted estimate of the microdata-
based estimate and a weighted estimate of the JOLTS regional estimate. The weight assigned to the JOLTS data in 
those cells is proportional the number of JOLTS respondents in the cell (weight=n/30, where n is the number of 
respondents). The sum of state estimates within a region is made equal to the aligned regional JOLTS published 
regional estimates.

Seasonal adjustment. BLS uses the seasonal adjustment program (X-13ARIMA-SEATS) to seasonally adjust 
the JOLTS series. Each month, a concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology uses all relevant data, up to and 
including the current month, to calculate new seasonal adjustment factors. Moving averages are used as seasonal 
filters in seasonal adjustment. JOLTS seasonal adjustment includes both additive and multiplicative models, as well 
as regression with autocorrelated errors (REGARIMA) modeling, to improve the seasonal adjustment factors at the 
beginning and end of the series and to detect and adjust for outliers in the series. 

Annual estimates and benchmarking. The JOLTS state estimates utilize and leverage data from three BLS 
programs; JOLTS, CES, and QCEW. These state estimates are published as a historical series made up of a 
historical annually revised benchmark component of the Composite Synthetic model and a current component of the 
Extended Composite Synthetic model that provides monthly "real-time" estimates between lagged benchmarks.

The JOLTS employment levels are ratio-adjusted to the CES employment levels, and the resulting ratios are 
applied to all JOLTS data elements.

The seasonally adjusted estimates are recalculated for the most recent 5 years to reflect updated seasonal 
adjustment factors. These annual updates result in revisions to both the seasonally adjusted and not seasonally 
adjusted JOLTS data series for the period since the last benchmark was established.

Annual levels for hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total separations are the sum of the 
12 published monthly levels. 

Annual average levels for job openings are calculated by dividing the sum of the 12 published monthly levels 
by 12. 

Annual average rates for hires, total separations quits, and layoffs and discharges are calculated by dividing the 
sum of the 12 monthly JOLTS published levels for each data element by the sum of the 12 monthly CES published 
employment levels, and multiplying that quotient by 100. 

Annual average rates for job openings are calculated by dividing the sum of the 12 monthly JOLTS published 
levels by the sum of the 12 monthly CES published employment levels plus the sum of the 12 monthly job openings 
levels, and multiplying that quotient by 100.)

Reliability of the estimates

JOLTS estimates are subject to two types of error:  sampling error and nonsampling error.

Sampling error can result when a sample, rather than an entire population, is surveyed. There is a chance that 
the sample estimates may differ from the true population values they represent. The exact difference, or sampling 
error, varies with the sample selected, and this variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. BLS 
analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence. This means that there is a 90-percent chance 
that the true population mean will fall into the interval created by the sample mean plus or minus 1.65 standard 
errors. Estimates of median standard errors are released monthly as part of the significant change tables on the 
JOLTS webpage. Standard errors are updated annually with the most recent 5 years of data. For sampling error 
estimates, see www.bls.gov/jlt/jolts_median_standard_errors.htm.

Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, including the failure to include a segment of the population, the 
inability to obtain data from all units in the sample, the inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide data on a 
timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, errors made in the collection or processing of the data, and errors from 
the employment benchmark data used in estimation. The JOLTS program uses quality control procedures to reduce 
nonsampling error in the survey's design. 

The JOLTS state variance estimates account for both sampling error and the error attributable to modeling. A 
small area domain model uses a Bayesian approach to develop estimates of JOLTS state variance. The small area 
model uses QCEW-based JOLTS synthetic model data to generate a Bayesian prior distribution, then updates the 
prior distribution using JOLTS microdata and sample-based variance estimates at the state and US Census regional 
level to generate a Bayesian posterior distribution. Once the Bayesian posterior distribution has been generated, 
estimates of JOLTS state variances are made by drawing 2,500 estimates from the Bayesian posterior distribution. 
This Bayesian approach thus indirectly accounts for sampling error and directly for model error.

Other information

If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access telecommunications 
relay services.

Table 1. Job openings levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)					Rates
	Feb. 2022	Nov. 2022	Dec. 2022	Jan. 2023	Feb. 2023(p)	Feb. 2022	Nov. 2022	Dec. 2022	Jan. 2023	Feb. 2023(p)
TOTAL U.S.	11,601	10,746	11,234	10,563	9,931	7.1	6.5	6.8	6.4	6.0
Alabama	152	154	161	155	148	6.9	6.8	7.1	6.8	6.5
Alaska	34	29	31	29	27	9.7	8.2	8.7	8.2	7.6
Arizona	237	214	214	211	181	7.2	6.5	6.4	6.3	5.4
Arkansas	89	95	103	105	106	6.4	6.7	7.2	7.2	7.3
California	1,299	1,239	1,219	1,021	964	7.0	6.5	6.4	5.4	5.1
Colorado	203	215	213	200	218	6.7	6.9	6.9	6.5	7.0
Connecticut	112	100	110	92	100	6.4	5.7	6.2	5.2	5.6
Delaware	33	37	38	34	36	6.8	7.4	7.6	6.6	7.0
District of Columbia	43	46	55	46	40	5.3	5.6	6.6	5.6	4.9
Florida	688	637	647	686	611	6.9	6.2	6.3	6.6	5.9
Georgia	432	392	388	420	421	8.4	7.5	7.4	7.9	7.9
Hawaii	47	34	39	39	37	7.3	5.2	5.9	5.8	5.5
Idaho	67	60	65	55	53	7.6	6.8	7.3	6.1	5.9
Illinois	472	416	474	461	407	7.3	6.4	7.2	7.0	6.2
Indiana	231	209	221	202	175	6.8	6.1	6.4	5.9	5.1
Iowa	115	117	135	103	102	6.8	6.9	7.8	6.1	6.0
Kansas	98	90	100	97	92	6.6	6.0	6.6	6.3	6.0
Kentucky	158	155	153	151	135	7.5	7.3	7.2	7.1	6.3
Louisiana	146	180	181	172	158	7.1	8.5	8.5	8.1	7.5
Maine	50	43	48	39	46	7.3	6.2	6.9	5.7	6.6
Maryland	201	198	203	212	212	6.9	6.8	6.9	7.2	7.2
Massachusetts	313	239	281	276	258	7.9	6.0	7.0	6.9	6.5
Michigan	355	286	369	291	258	7.6	6.1	7.8	6.2	5.5
Minnesota	231	185	231	203	187	7.4	5.9	7.2	6.4	5.9
Mississippi	88	86	88	88	85	7.0	6.9	7.0	7.0	6.7
Missouri	215	197	220	207	196	6.9	6.3	7.0	6.5	6.2
Montana	47	41	44	40	37	8.5	7.5	8.0	7.2	6.7
Nebraska	70	59	73	74	65	6.4	5.4	6.5	6.6	5.9
Nevada	123	104	114	108	105	7.9	6.6	7.2	6.6	6.4
New Hampshire	62	47	51	53	44	8.4	6.4	6.8	7.0	5.9
New Jersey	278	203	266	268	268	6.3	4.5	5.9	5.8	5.8
New Mexico	70	68	70	58	59	7.7	7.4	7.6	6.3	6.4
New York	605	442	473	451	421	6.1	4.4	4.7	4.5	4.2
North Carolina	374	363	367	340	360	7.4	7.0	7.0	6.5	6.9
North Dakota	32	28	35	28	27	7.0	6.1	7.5	6.1	5.9
Ohio	405	345	409	375	336	6.9	5.9	6.9	6.3	5.7
Oklahoma	118	132	135	136	123	6.6	7.2	7.3	7.3	6.6
Oregon	156	140	153	133	121	7.5	6.6	7.1	6.3	5.7
Pennsylvania	426	428	458	441	458	6.7	6.6	7.0	6.8	7.0
Rhode Island	39	33	37	36	34	7.4	6.2	6.9	6.7	6.4
South Carolina	184	182	188	177	175	7.7	7.5	7.7	7.2	7.1
South Dakota	34	30	33	37	33	7.1	6.2	6.7	7.5	6.7
Tennessee	261	259	263	236	246	7.6	7.3	7.4	6.7	6.9
Texas	929	886	1,033	943	888	6.6	6.1	7.0	6.4	6.0
Utah	120	111	112	106	98	6.8	6.2	6.3	5.9	5.4
Vermont	25	20	22	24	20	7.7	6.2	6.7	7.3	6.1
Virginia	305	320	344	337	321	7.1	7.2	7.7	7.5	7.2
Washington	253	214	242	241	188	6.8	5.7	6.4	6.3	4.9
West Virginia	61	66	69	72	57	8.0	8.4	8.9	9.4	7.5
Wisconsin	229	243	236	235	174	7.3	7.6	7.4	7.3	5.5
Wyoming	26	22	22	20	18	8.3	7.1	7.1	6.5	5.9
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 2. Hires levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)					Rates
	Feb. 2022	Nov. 2022	Dec. 2022	Jan. 2023	Feb. 2023(p)	Feb. 2022	Nov. 2022	Dec. 2022	Jan. 2023	Feb. 2023(p)
TOTAL U.S.	6,800	6,253	6,251	6,327	6,163	4.5	4.1	4.0	4.1	4.0
Alabama	109	98	103	98	97	5.3	4.7	4.9	4.6	4.5
Alaska	20	20	22	21	19	6.3	6.2	6.8	6.4	5.8
Arizona	151	130	135	156	136	5.0	4.2	4.3	5.0	4.3
Arkansas	61	62	67	64	65	4.7	4.7	5.1	4.7	4.8
California	689	585	542	665	632	4.0	3.3	3.0	3.7	3.5
Colorado	148	118	116	115	137	5.2	4.1	4.0	4.0	4.7
Connecticut	61	56	58	55	53	3.7	3.4	3.5	3.3	3.1
Delaware	26	24	24	22	25	5.7	5.2	5.2	4.6	5.2
District of Columbia	26	27	28	23	24	3.4	3.5	3.6	3.0	3.1
Florida	428	357	371	372	367	4.6	3.7	3.9	3.9	3.8
Georgia	315	228	248	258	225	6.7	4.7	5.1	5.3	4.6
Hawaii	31	20	24	26	27	5.2	3.2	3.9	4.1	4.3
Idaho	49	35	37	42	38	6.0	4.2	4.5	5.0	4.5
Illinois	261	241	257	254	253	4.4	3.9	4.2	4.2	4.1
Indiana	142	142	149	141	154	4.5	4.4	4.6	4.4	4.8
Iowa	57	67	64	62	63	3.6	4.2	4.0	3.9	4.0
Kansas	45	56	59	57	60	3.2	4.0	4.2	3.9	4.1
Kentucky	106	94	96	96	102	5.5	4.8	4.9	4.8	5.1
Louisiana	98	92	102	100	105	5.1	4.7	5.3	5.1	5.4
Maine	29	30	28	25	23	4.6	4.6	4.3	3.9	3.6
Maryland	116	113	113	116	113	4.3	4.1	4.1	4.3	4.1
Massachusetts	147	123	126	133	126	4.0	3.3	3.4	3.6	3.4
Michigan	187	166	175	173	164	4.3	3.8	4.0	3.9	3.7
Minnesota	110	107	126	98	103	3.8	3.6	4.3	3.3	3.5
Mississippi	57	53	58	59	57	4.9	4.6	5.0	5.0	4.8
Missouri	92	108	147	109	108	3.2	3.7	5.0	3.7	3.6
Montana	31	28	29	29	30	6.1	5.5	5.7	5.6	5.8
Nebraska	38	38	40	41	48	3.7	3.6	3.8	3.9	4.6
Nevada	72	73	74	75	65	5.0	4.9	5.0	4.9	4.2
New Hampshire	32	27	30	28	28	4.7	3.9	4.4	4.0	4.0
New Jersey	169	135	141	141	155	4.1	3.2	3.3	3.3	3.6
New Mexico	42	35	40	37	37	5.0	4.1	4.7	4.3	4.3
New York	338	282	323	299	299	3.6	2.9	3.4	3.1	3.1
North Carolina	271	223	239	210	211	5.8	4.6	4.9	4.3	4.3
North Dakota	18	19	19	15	18	4.2	4.4	4.4	3.5	4.1
Ohio	211	211	195	220	202	3.9	3.8	3.5	3.9	3.6
Oklahoma	91	82	85	85	83	5.4	4.8	5.0	4.9	4.8
Oregon	92	78	85	88	83	4.8	3.9	4.3	4.4	4.2
Pennsylvania	242	192	183	211	176	4.1	3.2	3.0	3.5	2.9
Rhode Island	24	19	22	20	20	4.9	3.8	4.4	4.0	4.0
South Carolina	120	109	113	110	109	5.5	4.9	5.0	4.8	4.8
South Dakota	19	21	20	24	21	4.3	4.6	4.4	5.2	4.6
Tennessee	164	162	161	160	150	5.1	5.0	4.9	4.8	4.5
Texas	663	609	608	589	592	5.0	4.5	4.4	4.3	4.3
Utah	84	66	79	78	69	5.1	3.9	4.7	4.6	4.0
Vermont	15	12	12	14	12	5.0	4.0	4.0	4.6	3.9
Virginia	194	174	177	176	184	4.8	4.2	4.3	4.3	4.5
Washington	158	132	138	157	136	4.6	3.7	3.9	4.4	3.8
West Virginia	40	36	37	39	35	5.7	5.0	5.2	5.6	5.0
Wisconsin	125	106	112	124	110	4.3	3.6	3.8	4.1	3.7
Wyoming	18	16	16	16	16	6.3	5.6	5.6	5.6	5.5
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 3. Total separations levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)					Rates
	Feb. 2022	Nov. 2022	Dec. 2022	Jan. 2023	Feb. 2023(p)	Feb. 2022	Nov. 2022	Dec. 2022	Jan. 2023	Feb. 2023(p)
TOTAL U.S.	6,071	5,945	5,906	5,900	5,820	4.0	3.9	3.8	3.8	3.7
Alabama	91	96	99	100	96	4.4	4.6	4.7	4.7	4.5
Alaska	23	23	18	21	19	7.3	7.1	5.6	6.4	5.8
Arizona	137	145	125	122	124	4.5	4.7	4.0	3.9	3.9
Arkansas	63	65	55	65	62	4.8	4.9	4.2	4.8	4.6
California	682	592	598	579	588	3.9	3.3	3.3	3.2	3.3
Colorado	137	152	128	117	126	4.8	5.2	4.4	4.1	4.4
Connecticut	60	55	56	52	48	3.7	3.3	3.4	3.1	2.8
Delaware	20	22	21	22	23	4.4	4.8	4.6	4.6	4.8
District of Columbia	24	23	24	22	28	3.1	3.0	3.1	2.9	3.6
Florida	409	351	373	397	415	4.4	3.7	3.9	4.1	4.3
Georgia	245	238	220	248	255	5.2	4.9	4.5	5.1	5.2
Hawaii	23	24	23	20	21	3.8	3.9	3.7	3.2	3.3
Idaho	38	39	47	39	39	4.7	4.7	5.7	4.6	4.6
Illinois	234	256	210	218	212	3.9	4.2	3.4	3.6	3.5
Indiana	146	134	154	126	142	4.6	4.2	4.8	3.9	4.4
Iowa	60	70	67	55	59	3.8	4.4	4.2	3.5	3.7
Kansas	55	55	59	52	53	3.9	3.9	4.2	3.6	3.7
Kentucky	97	89	93	97	92	5.0	4.5	4.7	4.9	4.6
Louisiana	80	97	100	104	103	4.2	5.0	5.1	5.4	5.3
Maine	24	24	29	25	28	3.8	3.7	4.5	3.9	4.3
Maryland	105	102	90	105	125	3.9	3.7	3.3	3.8	4.6
Massachusetts	111	104	109	108	106	3.1	2.8	2.9	2.9	2.8
Michigan	141	158	160	157	138	3.3	3.6	3.7	3.6	3.1
Minnesota	95	100	89	106	96	3.3	3.4	3.0	3.6	3.2
Mississippi	69	55	53	53	53	5.9	4.8	4.6	4.5	4.5
Missouri	113	100	124	106	103	3.9	3.4	4.2	3.6	3.5
Montana	28	28	28	27	25	5.5	5.5	5.5	5.2	4.8
Nebraska	40	38	38	39	34	3.9	3.6	3.6	3.7	3.3
Nevada	65	70	69	70	64	4.5	4.7	4.7	4.6	4.2
New Hampshire	34	29	32	31	24	5.0	4.2	4.6	4.4	3.4
New Jersey	165	130	141	183	126	4.0	3.0	3.3	4.2	2.9
New Mexico	33	39	37	36	37	3.9	4.6	4.3	4.2	4.3
New York	297	233	280	267	256	3.2	2.4	2.9	2.8	2.6
North Carolina	229	196	175	213	196	4.9	4.0	3.6	4.4	4.0
North Dakota	18	17	18	16	17	4.2	3.9	4.2	3.7	3.9
Ohio	237	198	209	198	205	4.3	3.6	3.8	3.6	3.7
Oklahoma	77	74	75	74	80	4.6	4.4	4.4	4.3	4.6
Oregon	81	92	81	80	78	4.2	4.6	4.1	4.0	3.9
Pennsylvania	179	169	200	189	172	3.0	2.8	3.3	3.1	2.8
Rhode Island	20	17	22	22	19	4.1	3.4	4.4	4.4	3.8
South Carolina	105	97	111	113	98	4.8	4.3	4.9	5.0	4.3
South Dakota	17	18	18	17	22	3.8	3.9	3.9	3.7	4.8
Tennessee	154	168	150	144	155	4.8	5.1	4.6	4.4	4.7
Texas	514	514	573	567	561	3.9	3.8	4.2	4.1	4.1
Utah	67	77	82	70	66	4.1	4.6	4.9	4.1	3.9
Vermont	14	12	12	13	12	4.7	4.0	4.0	4.2	3.9
Virginia	142	154	153	149	157	3.5	3.8	3.7	3.6	3.8
Washington	125	148	126	123	120	3.6	4.2	3.5	3.4	3.3
West Virginia	29	33	34	34	34	4.2	4.6	4.8	4.9	4.9
Wisconsin	113	95	102	97	96	3.9	3.2	3.4	3.2	3.2
Wyoming	17	16	17	15	15	6.0	5.6	5.9	5.2	5.2
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 4. Quits levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)					Rates
	Feb. 2022	Nov. 2022	Dec. 2022	Jan. 2023	Feb. 2023(p)	Feb. 2022	Nov. 2022	Dec. 2022	Jan. 2023	Feb. 2023(p)
TOTAL U.S.	4,313	4,148	4,091	3,878	4,024	2.9	2.7	2.6	2.5	2.6
Alabama	66	71	70	64	72	3.2	3.4	3.3	3.0	3.4
Alaska	18	13	13	13	12	5.7	4.0	4.0	4.0	3.7
Arizona	103	96	94	87	87	3.4	3.1	3.0	2.8	2.8
Arkansas	45	45	40	45	47	3.4	3.4	3.0	3.3	3.5
California	499	437	399	404	384	2.9	2.5	2.2	2.3	2.1
Colorado	96	89	93	81	87	3.4	3.1	3.2	2.8	3.0
Connecticut	39	35	35	33	31	2.4	2.1	2.1	2.0	1.8
Delaware	14	15	15	14	16	3.1	3.2	3.3	2.9	3.3
District of Columbia	17	15	16	14	20	2.2	1.9	2.1	1.8	2.6
Florida	316	266	287	265	288	3.4	2.8	3.0	2.7	3.0
Georgia	186	174	162	166	200	3.9	3.6	3.3	3.4	4.1
Hawaii	18	16	16	14	13	3.0	2.6	2.6	2.2	2.1
Idaho	28	25	34	28	25	3.4	3.0	4.1	3.3	3.0
Illinois	162	142	141	136	130	2.7	2.3	2.3	2.2	2.1
Indiana	117	102	99	84	97	3.7	3.2	3.1	2.6	3.0
Iowa	45	50	43	38	39	2.9	3.2	2.7	2.4	2.5
Kansas	37	38	38	34	35	2.7	2.7	2.7	2.3	2.4
Kentucky	72	65	69	70	69	3.7	3.3	3.5	3.5	3.5
Louisiana	55	70	66	68	77	2.9	3.6	3.4	3.5	4.0
Maine	17	16	17	14	18	2.7	2.5	2.6	2.2	2.8
Maryland	61	73	55	69	87	2.3	2.7	2.0	2.5	3.2
Massachusetts	81	74	65	59	68	2.2	2.0	1.7	1.6	1.8
Michigan	110	108	111	96	90	2.5	2.5	2.5	2.2	2.0
Minnesota	72	74	60	70	63	2.5	2.5	2.0	2.4	2.1
Mississippi	39	39	37	36	40	3.4	3.4	3.2	3.1	3.4
Missouri	80	77	76	74	69	2.8	2.6	2.6	2.5	2.3
Montana	19	18	20	18	16	3.8	3.6	3.9	3.5	3.1
Nebraska	29	26	26	23	22	2.8	2.5	2.5	2.2	2.1
Nevada	49	46	49	48	44	3.4	3.1	3.3	3.1	2.9
New Hampshire	21	17	17	16	15	3.1	2.5	2.5	2.3	2.1
New Jersey	112	81	77	76	80	2.7	1.9	1.8	1.8	1.9
New Mexico	24	22	26	24	24	2.8	2.6	3.0	2.8	2.8
New York	187	155	183	162	164	2.0	1.6	1.9	1.7	1.7
North Carolina	158	137	127	129	138	3.4	2.8	2.6	2.6	2.8
North Dakota	13	11	12	11	11	3.1	2.6	2.8	2.5	2.5
Ohio	181	143	148	135	131	3.3	2.6	2.7	2.4	2.3
Oklahoma	54	55	49	49	55	3.2	3.2	2.9	2.8	3.2
Oregon	58	57	62	55	51	3.0	2.9	3.1	2.8	2.6
Pennsylvania	123	115	124	121	103	2.1	1.9	2.1	2.0	1.7
Rhode Island	13	11	12	12	12	2.6	2.2	2.4	2.4	2.4
South Carolina	80	71	79	75	75	3.6	3.2	3.5	3.3	3.3
South Dakota	13	13	13	12	13	2.9	2.8	2.8	2.6	2.8
Tennessee	108	122	105	103	112	3.4	3.7	3.2	3.1	3.4
Texas	396	408	440	394	439	3.0	3.0	3.2	2.9	3.2
Utah	48	52	63	50	48	2.9	3.1	3.8	2.9	2.8
Vermont	9	8	7	8	8	3.0	2.7	2.3	2.6	2.6
Virginia	97	108	109	95	115	2.4	2.6	2.7	2.3	2.8
Washington	83	99	89	87	82	2.4	2.8	2.5	2.4	2.3
West Virginia	20	24	23	23	24	2.9	3.3	3.3	3.3	3.4
Wisconsin	83	68	67	66	65	2.8	2.3	2.3	2.2	2.2
Wyoming	12	10	12	10	10	4.2	3.5	4.2	3.5	3.5
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)					Rates
	Feb. 2022	Nov. 2022	Dec. 2022	Jan. 2023	Feb. 2023(p)	Feb. 2022	Nov. 2022	Dec. 2022	Jan. 2023	Feb. 2023(p)
TOTAL U.S.	1,423	1,485	1,475	1,719	1,504	0.9	1.0	1.0	1.1	1.0
Alabama	20	21	23	23	19	1.0	1.0	1.1	1.1	0.9
Alaska	4	9	4	6	6	1.3	2.8	1.2	1.8	1.8
Arizona	27	40	22	28	31	0.9	1.3	0.7	0.9	1.0
Arkansas	14	17	13	17	12	1.1	1.3	1.0	1.3	0.9
California	149	116	163	152	173	0.9	0.7	0.9	0.8	1.0
Colorado	34	55	23	28	32	1.2	1.9	0.8	1.0	1.1
Connecticut	17	17	17	14	15	1.0	1.0	1.0	0.8	0.9
Delaware	5	6	5	7	5	1.1	1.3	1.1	1.5	1.0
District of Columbia	6	6	5	6	6	0.8	0.8	0.6	0.8	0.8
Florida	68	69	68	117	108	0.7	0.7	0.7	1.2	1.1
Georgia	45	53	47	69	45	1.0	1.1	1.0	1.4	0.9
Hawaii	4	7	5	4	5	0.7	1.1	0.8	0.6	0.8
Idaho	8	11	10	8	11	1.0	1.3	1.2	0.9	1.3
Illinois	63	108	61	73	70	1.1	1.8	1.0	1.2	1.1
Indiana	26	29	49	36	38	0.8	0.9	1.5	1.1	1.2
Iowa	13	13	19	15	16	0.8	0.8	1.2	0.9	1.0
Kansas	14	14	17	14	14	1.0	1.0	1.2	1.0	1.0
Kentucky	20	21	19	23	19	1.0	1.1	1.0	1.2	1.0
Louisiana	20	25	21	32	22	1.0	1.3	1.1	1.6	1.1
Maine	5	6	9	9	7	0.8	0.9	1.4	1.4	1.1
Maryland	37	24	29	29	30	1.4	0.9	1.1	1.1	1.1
Massachusetts	26	24	37	39	31	0.7	0.6	1.0	1.0	0.8
Michigan	26	44	43	49	40	0.6	1.0	1.0	1.1	0.9
Minnesota	20	20	24	30	28	0.7	0.7	0.8	1.0	0.9
Mississippi	22	14	13	14	11	1.9	1.2	1.1	1.2	0.9
Missouri	28	17	42	27	30	1.0	0.6	1.4	0.9	1.0
Montana	7	8	7	6	7	1.4	1.6	1.4	1.2	1.4
Nebraska	9	9	10	13	10	0.9	0.9	1.0	1.2	1.0
Nevada	13	20	15	18	16	0.9	1.4	1.0	1.2	1.0
New Hampshire	7	10	13	13	7	1.0	1.4	1.9	1.9	1.0
New Jersey	38	41	58	98	41	0.9	1.0	1.4	2.3	0.9
New Mexico	7	14	8	8	10	0.8	1.6	0.9	0.9	1.2
New York	91	68	74	89	81	1.0	0.7	0.8	0.9	0.8
North Carolina	59	47	42	76	48	1.3	1.0	0.9	1.6	1.0
North Dakota	4	5	5	5	5	0.9	1.2	1.2	1.2	1.2
Ohio	38	42	52	57	64	0.7	0.8	0.9	1.0	1.1
Oklahoma	18	15	20	21	19	1.1	0.9	1.2	1.2	1.1
Oregon	19	26	13	18	21	1.0	1.3	0.7	0.9	1.1
Pennsylvania	42	36	60	60	64	0.7	0.6	1.0	1.0	1.1
Rhode Island	6	5	8	9	6	1.2	1.0	1.6	1.8	1.2
South Carolina	20	21	24	33	18	0.9	0.9	1.1	1.4	0.8
South Dakota	3	4	5	5	8	0.7	0.9	1.1	1.1	1.7
Tennessee	38	40	35	35	32	1.2	1.2	1.1	1.1	1.0
Texas	96	90	114	154	105	0.7	0.7	0.8	1.1	0.8
Utah	15	19	15	16	14	0.9	1.1	0.9	0.9	0.8
Vermont	3	3	4	4	4	1.0	1.0	1.3	1.3	1.3
Virginia	37	38	35	45	31	0.9	0.9	0.9	1.1	0.8
Washington	31	37	30	26	32	0.9	1.0	0.8	0.7	0.9
West Virginia	6	7	7	9	7	0.9	1.0	1.0	1.3	1.0
Wisconsin	25	21	30	26	25	0.9	0.7	1.0	0.9	0.8
Wyoming	3	4	4	4	4	1.1	1.4	1.4	1.4	1.4
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 6. Job openings levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)			Rates
	Feb. 2022	Jan. 2023	Feb. 2023(p)	Feb. 2022	Jan. 2023	Feb. 2023(p)
TOTAL U.S.	11,202	10,586	9,509	7.0	6.5	5.8
Alabama	146	150	141	6.6	6.6	6.2
Alaska	31	26	25	9.4	7.8	7.2
Arizona	231	245	180	7.0	7.2	5.4
Arkansas	78	106	96	5.6	7.3	6.6
California	1,213	1,004	918	6.6	5.4	4.9
Colorado	204	203	225	6.7	6.7	7.3
Connecticut	109	96	98	6.3	5.5	5.6
Delaware	27	36	29	5.6	7.1	5.8
District of Columbia	42	48	39	5.3	6.0	4.8
Florida	684	684	604	6.9	6.7	5.9
Georgia	422	429	413	8.2	8.1	7.8
Hawaii	45	38	35	7.0	5.8	5.3
Idaho	65	54	51	7.5	6.2	5.7
Illinois	448	452	383	7.1	7.0	6.0
Indiana	220	195	165	6.6	5.8	4.9
Iowa	105	98	93	6.4	5.9	5.6
Kansas	93	99	88	6.3	6.5	5.8
Kentucky	155	151	125	7.5	7.1	5.9
Louisiana	142	180	150	6.9	8.6	7.2
Maine	47	41	44	7.0	6.1	6.5
Maryland	186	217	200	6.5	7.5	6.9
Massachusetts	305	272	255	7.9	6.9	6.5
Michigan	332	277	243	7.2	6.0	5.3
Minnesota	219	208	176	7.2	6.6	5.7
Mississippi	83	83	80	6.7	6.6	6.4
Missouri	206	204	186	6.7	6.5	6.0
Montana	38	37	31	7.2	6.8	5.7
Nebraska	66	79	60	6.1	7.1	5.5
Nevada	110	105	98	7.2	6.5	6.0
New Hampshire	60	57	45	8.2	7.6	6.0
New Jersey	268	276	266	6.2	6.1	5.9
New Mexico	63	66	55	7.0	7.2	6.0
New York	626	448	431	6.4	4.5	4.3
North Carolina	361	336	349	7.2	6.5	6.7
North Dakota	30	28	25	6.7	6.2	5.6
Ohio	401	368	326	6.9	6.3	5.6
Oklahoma	107	141	108	6.0	7.6	5.9
Oregon	149	140	120	7.2	6.7	5.8
Pennsylvania	402	456	444	6.5	7.1	6.9
Rhode Island	41	35	36	7.9	6.7	6.9
South Carolina	177	191	167	7.5	7.9	6.9
South Dakota	30	31	29	6.4	6.5	6.0
Tennessee	246	245	233	7.2	7.0	6.6
Texas	879	907	812	6.3	6.2	5.6
Utah	115	121	94	6.5	6.7	5.3
Vermont	24	25	19	7.5	7.7	5.8
Virginia	289	333	296	6.7	7.5	6.7
Washington	236	241	182	6.4	6.4	4.8
West Virginia	55	66	52	7.4	8.8	7.0
Wisconsin	223	242	174	7.2	7.6	5.6
Wyoming	21	18	15	7.1	5.9	5.1
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 7. Hires levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)			Rates
	Feb. 2022	Jan. 2023	Feb. 2023(p)	Feb. 2022	Jan. 2023	Feb. 2023(p)
TOTAL U.S.	5,732	6,152	5,060	3.8	4.0	3.3
Alabama	92	95	82	4.5	4.5	3.8
Alaska	16	18	15	5.2	5.7	4.7
Arizona	133	166	116	4.4	5.3	3.7
Arkansas	52	63	56	4.0	4.7	4.2
California	585	636	546	3.4	3.6	3.1
Colorado	116	113	112	4.1	4.0	3.9
Connecticut	49	52	41	3.0	3.1	2.5
Delaware	18	23	18	4.0	4.8	3.7
District of Columbia	23	22	21	3.0	2.9	2.8
Florida	400	406	338	4.3	4.2	3.5
Georgia	279	254	190	5.9	5.2	3.9
Hawaii	23	26	21	3.8	4.1	3.3
Idaho	42	40	31	5.2	4.8	3.7
Illinois	211	238	208	3.6	4.0	3.5
Indiana	110	126	126	3.5	3.9	3.9
Iowa	42	53	46	2.7	3.4	2.9
Kansas	36	56	50	2.6	3.9	3.5
Kentucky	81	89	80	4.2	4.5	4.1
Louisiana	85	108	92	4.5	5.6	4.8
Maine	21	24	17	3.4	3.8	2.6
Maryland	92	114	91	3.5	4.3	3.4
Massachusetts	108	124	89	3.0	3.4	2.4
Michigan	164	165	139	3.9	3.8	3.2
Minnesota	80	88	74	2.8	3.0	2.5
Mississippi	46	56	46	4.0	4.8	4.0
Missouri	77	105	89	2.7	3.6	3.0
Montana	21	25	20	4.2	4.9	4.0
Nebraska	29	42	39	2.9	4.1	3.8
Nevada	66	76	55	4.6	5.0	3.6
New Hampshire	25	29	21	3.7	4.2	3.0
New Jersey	140	131	130	3.4	3.1	3.1
New Mexico	34	37	30	4.0	4.4	3.5
New York	265	271	230	2.9	2.9	2.4
North Carolina	224	198	177	4.8	4.1	3.6
North Dakota	14	14	14	3.3	3.3	3.3
Ohio	168	202	152	3.1	3.7	2.8
Oklahoma	70	88	65	4.2	5.2	3.8
Oregon	77	87	68	4.0	4.4	3.4
Pennsylvania	201	190	133	3.5	3.2	2.2
Rhode Island	20	18	17	4.2	3.8	3.5
South Carolina	105	111	95	4.8	5.0	4.2
South Dakota	13	18	15	3.1	4.0	3.3
Tennessee	142	159	129	4.5	4.9	3.9
Texas	566	623	499	4.3	4.6	3.6
Utah	68	85	57	4.2	5.0	3.4
Vermont	11	14	9	3.6	4.6	2.8
Virginia	145	167	143	3.6	4.1	3.5
Washington	127	153	106	3.7	4.3	3.0
West Virginia	29	35	25	4.3	5.1	3.7
Wisconsin	97	108	88	3.4	3.7	3.0
Wyoming	12	12	9	4.2	4.3	3.3
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 8. Total separations levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)			Rates
	Feb. 2022	Jan. 2023	Feb. 2023(p)	Feb. 2022	Jan. 2023	Feb. 2023(p)
TOTAL U.S.	5,009	6,415	4,737	3.3	4.2	3.1
Alabama	74	108	75	3.6	5.1	3.5
Alaska	12	16	10	3.9	5.2	3.2
Arizona	109	135	100	3.6	4.3	3.2
Arkansas	53	67	53	4.1	5.0	3.9
California	533	627	486	3.1	3.5	2.7
Colorado	101	106	100	3.6	3.7	3.5
Connecticut	47	61	35	2.9	3.7	2.1
Delaware	16	26	18	3.5	5.6	3.9
District of Columbia	20	27	24	2.6	3.6	3.1
Florida	349	454	356	3.8	4.7	3.7
Georgia	211	257	212	4.5	5.3	4.4
Hawaii	19	24	17	3.2	3.9	2.7
Idaho	27	37	28	3.3	4.5	3.4
Illinois	197	243	177	3.3	4.1	2.9
Indiana	105	134	110	3.3	4.2	3.4
Iowa	48	56	47	3.1	3.6	3.0
Kansas	45	55	45	3.2	3.8	3.1
Kentucky	84	108	76	4.4	5.5	3.9
Louisiana	70	107	91	3.7	5.6	4.7
Maine	17	25	19	2.7	4.0	3.1
Maryland	87	133	106	3.3	5.0	3.9
Massachusetts	87	111	79	2.4	3.0	2.2
Michigan	110	169	107	2.6	3.9	2.4
Minnesota	74	112	74	2.6	3.8	2.5
Mississippi	60	55	44	5.2	4.7	3.8
Missouri	94	111	87	3.3	3.8	3.0
Montana	21	27	19	4.3	5.3	3.7
Nebraska	33	50	28	3.3	4.9	2.7
Nevada	54	74	52	3.8	4.9	3.4
New Hampshire	28	32	18	4.1	4.6	2.5
New Jersey	127	222	94	3.1	5.3	2.2
New Mexico	24	35	28	2.9	4.1	3.3
New York	227	303	194	2.5	3.2	2.0
North Carolina	210	223	176	4.5	4.6	3.6
North Dakota	14	17	13	3.4	4.0	3.1
Ohio	186	213	168	3.5	3.9	3.1
Oklahoma	70	82	73	4.2	4.8	4.2
Oregon	62	80	63	3.2	4.1	3.2
Pennsylvania	143	220	131	2.5	3.7	2.2
Rhode Island	15	23	13	3.2	4.9	2.8
South Carolina	83	123	76	3.8	5.5	3.4
South Dakota	12	18	17	2.9	4.1	3.8
Tennessee	129	177	128	4.1	5.4	3.9
Texas	431	598	465	3.3	4.4	3.4
Utah	51	76	49	3.1	4.5	2.9
Vermont	9	12	8	3.1	3.9	2.6
Virginia	116	148	125	2.9	3.6	3.1
Washington	100	135	101	2.9	3.8	2.8
West Virginia	26	38	30	3.7	5.5	4.3
Wisconsin	93	111	79	3.2	3.8	2.7
Wyoming	12	14	11	4.2	5.2	4.0
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 9. Quits levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)			Rates
	Feb. 2022	Jan. 2023	Feb. 2023(p)	Feb. 2022	Jan. 2023	Feb. 2023(p)
TOTAL U.S.	3,514	3,758	3,207	2.3	2.5	2.1
Alabama	52	60	55	2.5	2.8	2.6
Alaska	9	9	6	3.0	2.9	2.0
Arizona	80	89	67	2.6	2.8	2.1
Arkansas	38	42	39	2.9	3.1	2.9
California	373	386	299	2.2	2.2	1.7
Colorado	70	69	67	2.5	2.4	2.4
Connecticut	32	33	24	2.0	2.0	1.4
Delaware	11	15	13	2.4	3.2	2.7
District of Columbia	13	17	16	1.7	2.2	2.1
Florida	265	259	238	2.9	2.7	2.5
Georgia	156	161	165	3.3	3.3	3.4
Hawaii	14	16	11	2.4	2.6	1.8
Idaho	19	23	18	2.4	2.8	2.1
Illinois	134	130	109	2.3	2.2	1.8
Indiana	81	80	75	2.6	2.5	2.3
Iowa	36	33	31	2.3	2.1	2.0
Kansas	30	33	29	2.1	2.3	2.0
Kentucky	61	72	56	3.2	3.7	2.8
Louisiana	47	64	68	2.5	3.3	3.5
Maine	12	13	13	1.9	2.0	2.0
Maryland	51	75	71	1.9	2.8	2.7
Massachusetts	68	57	54	1.9	1.6	1.5
Michigan	82	90	66	1.9	2.1	1.5
Minnesota	59	69	51	2.1	2.4	1.7
Mississippi	33	34	33	2.9	2.9	2.8
Missouri	67	73	57	2.3	2.5	1.9
Montana	15	17	12	3.1	3.3	2.3
Nebraska	24	24	18	2.4	2.3	1.7
Nevada	39	49	34	2.7	3.2	2.2
New Hampshire	18	15	12	2.6	2.1	1.7
New Jersey	87	75	62	2.1	1.8	1.5
New Mexico	17	22	18	2.1	2.6	2.1
New York	151	163	129	1.6	1.7	1.3
North Carolina	146	122	121	3.1	2.5	2.5
North Dakota	10	9	8	2.4	2.2	2.0
Ohio	142	127	105	2.6	2.3	1.9
Oklahoma	48	50	48	2.9	2.9	2.8
Oregon	45	50	40	2.4	2.5	2.0
Pennsylvania	103	124	77	1.8	2.1	1.3
Rhode Island	10	12	9	2.2	2.4	1.8
South Carolina	62	78	57	2.9	3.5	2.5
South Dakota	9	11	10	2.1	2.4	2.2
Tennessee	90	110	90	2.8	3.4	2.7
Texas	323	382	351	2.5	2.8	2.5
Utah	35	47	34	2.1	2.8	2.0
Vermont	6	6	5	2.1	2.0	1.7
Virginia	78	86	88	2.0	2.1	2.2
Washington	66	88	66	1.9	2.5	1.8
West Virginia	18	22	21	2.6	3.3	3.0
Wisconsin	68	63	54	2.4	2.1	1.8
Wyoming	8	8	7	3.0	2.9	2.4
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 10. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)			Rates
	Feb. 2022	Jan. 2023	Feb. 2023(p)	Feb. 2022	Jan. 2023	Feb. 2023(p)
TOTAL U.S.	1,197	2,299	1,270	0.8	1.5	0.8
Alabama	17	29	15	0.8	1.4	0.7
Alaska	2	6	3	0.7	1.9	0.9
Arizona	23	36	28	0.8	1.1	0.9
Arkansas	12	21	11	0.9	1.6	0.8
California	133	220	161	0.8	1.2	0.9
Colorado	25	29	26	0.9	1.0	0.9
Connecticut	11	23	10	0.7	1.4	0.6
Delaware	4	10	5	0.9	2.1	1.0
District of Columbia	6	7	5	0.7	0.9	0.7
Florida	54	181	96	0.6	1.9	1.0
Georgia	42	76	37	0.9	1.6	0.8
Hawaii	4	7	4	0.6	1.1	0.7
Idaho	6	10	9	0.8	1.2	1.0
Illinois	58	104	60	1.0	1.7	1.0
Indiana	20	47	29	0.7	1.5	0.9
Iowa	10	20	13	0.7	1.3	0.8
Kansas	13	19	13	0.9	1.3	0.9
Kentucky	17	31	16	0.9	1.6	0.8
Louisiana	17	39	19	0.9	2.0	1.0
Maine	3	10	4	0.5	1.6	0.7
Maryland	29	47	25	1.1	1.8	0.9
Massachusetts	15	43	20	0.4	1.2	0.5
Michigan	24	67	35	0.6	1.5	0.8
Minnesota	14	38	19	0.5	1.3	0.6
Mississippi	20	19	9	1.7	1.6	0.8
Missouri	24	34	27	0.8	1.2	0.9
Montana	5	8	5	1.0	1.5	1.1
Nebraska	8	24	8	0.8	2.3	0.8
Nevada	12	21	15	0.9	1.4	1.0
New Hampshire	5	15	5	0.7	2.1	0.7
New Jersey	26	133	28	0.6	3.2	0.7
New Mexico	5	10	8	0.6	1.2	0.9
New York	60	124	56	0.7	1.3	0.6
North Carolina	54	90	46	1.2	1.9	1.0
North Dakota	4	7	4	0.9	1.6	1.0
Ohio	30	81	55	0.6	1.5	1.0
Oklahoma	17	27	20	1.0	1.6	1.1
Oregon	13	23	18	0.7	1.2	0.9
Pennsylvania	29	88	50	0.5	1.5	0.8
Rhode Island	4	10	4	0.8	2.1	0.8
South Carolina	16	38	15	0.7	1.7	0.7
South Dakota	3	7	6	0.6	1.5	1.4
Tennessee	31	60	27	1.0	1.8	0.8
Texas	91	191	101	0.7	1.4	0.7
Utah	12	22	12	0.7	1.3	0.7
Vermont	2	5	2	0.7	1.5	0.7
Virginia	30	52	26	0.8	1.3	0.6
Washington	25	33	28	0.7	0.9	0.8
West Virginia	5	13	7	0.7	1.9	1.0
Wisconsin	22	43	20	0.8	1.5	0.7
Wyoming	3	5	3	0.9	1.9	1.1
Footnotes (p) Preliminary