State Job Openings and Labor Turnover News Release

For release 10:00 a.m. (ET) Tuesday, June 18, 2024	USDL-24-1173
Technical information:	(202) 691-5870  •  JoltsInfo@bls.gov  •  www.bls.gov/jlt
Media contact:		(202) 691-5902  • PressOffice@bls.gov

			STATE JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – APRIL 2024

Job openings rates decreased in 12 states and increased in 3 states on the last business day of April, the
U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Hires rates increased in 4 states and decreased in 2 states.
Total separations rates increased in 3 states and decreased in 2 states. Nationally, the job openings, hires,
and total separations rates showed little or no change in April.

This release includes estimates of the number and rate of job openings, hires, total separations, quits, and
layoffs and discharges for the total nonfarm sector and for all states and the District of Columbia.

Job Openings

In April, job openings rates decreased in 12 states, increased in 3 states, and were little changed in 35
states and the District of Columbia. The largest decreases in job openings rates occurred in Illinois,
Kansas, and Vermont (-0.9 percentage point each). The increases occurred in Arizona and Virginia
(+1.0 point each) and in Idaho (+0.8 point). Over the month, the national job openings rate was little
changed. (See table 1.)

The number of job openings decreased in 13 states, increased in 4 states, and was little changed in 33
states and the District of Columbia in April. The largest decreases in the job openings level occurred in
California (-81,000), New York (-71,000), and Illinois (-65,000). The largest increases occurred in
Virginia (+46,000), Arizona (+36,000), and Tennessee (+18,000). Nationally, the number of job
openings changed little. (See table 1.)

Hires

In April, hires rates increased in 4 states, decreased in 2 states, and were little changed in 44 states and
the District of Columbia. The largest increases in the hires rate occurred in Idaho (+1.0 percentage point)
and in Louisiana and Oklahoma (+0.7 point each). The decreases occurred in New Jersey (-0.8 point)
and Massachusetts (-0.6 point). The national hires rate was unchanged over the month. (See table 2.)

The number of hires increased in 5 states, decreased in 2 states, and was little changed in 43 states and
the District of Columbia in April. The largest increases in the hires level occurred in North Carolina
(+30,000), Louisiana (+15,000), and Oklahoma (+13,000). The decreases occurred in New Jersey
(-36,000) and Massachusetts (-23,000). Nationally, the number of hires changed little over the month.
(See table 2.)

Total Separations

In April, total separations rates increased in 3 states, decreased in 2 states, and were little changed in
45 states and the District of Columbia. The increases in total separations rates occurred in Colorado
(+1.6 percentage points), Arizona (+1.0 point), and Louisiana (+0.9 point). The decreases occurred in
Massachusetts (-0.6 point) and New York (-0.4 point). Over the month, the national total separations
rate was unchanged. (See table 3.)

The number of total separations increased in 4 states, decreased in 2 states, and was little changed in
44 states and the District of Columbia in April. The largest increases in the total separations level
occurred in Colorado (+48,000), Arizona (+32,000), and Louisiana (+18,000). The decreases occurred in
Massachusetts (-19,000) and Idaho (-6,000). Nationally, the number of total separations changed little
over the month. (See table 3.)

Quits

In April, quits rates increased in 7 states, decreased in 1 state, and were little changed in 42 states and
the District of Columbia. The largest increases in quits rates occurred in Colorado (+1.3 percentage
points) and in Louisiana and South Dakota (+0.7 point each). The decrease occurred in Massachusetts
(-0.4 point). Over the month, the national quits rate was unchanged. (See table 4.)

The number of quits increased in 7 states, decreased in 1 state, and was little changed in 42 states and
the District of Columbia in April. The largest increases in the quits level occurred in Colorado
(+38,000), Ohio (+22,000), and Arizona (+18,000). The decrease occurred in Massachusetts (-14,000).
Nationally, the number of quits was little changed. (See table 4.)

Layoffs and Discharges

In April, layoffs and discharges rates decreased in 6 states, increased in 2 states, and were little
changed in 42 states and the District of Columbia. The largest decreases occurred in North Dakota
(-0.7 percentage point) and Indiana (-0.6 point) as well as in Michigan and Oklahoma (-0.5 point each).
The increases occurred in Connecticut (+0.6 point) and California (+0.2 point). Over the month, the
national layoffs and discharges rate was unchanged. (See table 5.)

The number of layoffs and discharges decreased in 12 states, increased in 3 states, and was little
changed in 35 states and the District of Columbia in April. The largest decreases in the layoffs and
discharges level occurred in Florida (-27,000) and in Michigan and New York (-24,000 each). The
increases occurred in California (+39,000), Connecticut (+10,000), and Maine (+3,000). Nationally,
the number of layoffs and discharges was little changed. (See table 5.)

For more information, please see the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS) interactive
charts at www.bls.gov/charts/state-job-openings-and-labor-turnover/state-job-openings-rates.htm#.
______________
State Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey estimates for May 2024 are scheduled to be
released on Wednesday, July 24, 2024, at 10:00 a.m. (ET).
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
|			    Upcoming Revisions to the JOLTS State Estimates				|
|													|
|Effective with the release of May 2024 data on July 24, 2024, the Job Openings and Labor Turnover 	|
|Survey (JOLTS) state estimates will be benchmarked and revised to include the annual benchmark 	|
|revisions to JOLTS national estimates, the Current Employment Statistics (CES) employment 		|
|estimates, and the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW) data. Seasonally adjusted 		|
|and not seasonally adjusted data from January 2019 forward are subject to revision. In addition, 2023 	|
|annual estimates for states will be released at this time.						|
|_______________________________________________________________________________________________________|

Technical Note

This news release presents statistics from the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The JOLTS
program provides information on labor demand and turnover. Additional information about the JOLTS program can
be found at www.bls.gov/jlt/. State estimates are published for job openings, hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, and
total separations. The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments, as well as civilian federal, state,
and local government entities in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Starting with data for January 2023,
industries are classified in accordance with the 2022 North American Industry Classification System.

Definitions

Employment. Employment includes persons on the payroll who worked or received pay for the pay period that
includes the 12th day of the reference month. Full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term, seasonal, salaried, and
hourly employees are included, as are employees on paid vacation or other paid leave. Proprietors or partners of
unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, or employees on strike for the entire pay period, and employees
on leave without pay for the entire pay period are not counted as employed. Employees of temporary help agencies,
employee leasing companies, outside contractors, and consultants are counted by their employer of record, not by
the establishment where they are working. JOLTS does not publish employment estimates but uses the reported
employment for validation of the other reported data elements.

Job Openings. Job openings include all positions that are open on the last business day of the reference month.
A job is open only if it meets all three of these conditions:
* A specific position exists and there is work available for that position. The position can be full-time or part-
time, and it can be permanent, short-term, or seasonal.
* The job could start within 30 days, whether or not the employer can find a suitable candidate during that time.
* The employer is actively recruiting workers from outside the establishment to fill the position. Active recruiting
means that the establishment is taking steps to fill a position. It may include advertising in newspapers, on
television, or on the radio; posting internet notices, posting "help wanted" signs, networking, or making "word-
of-mouth" announcements; accepting applications; interviewing candidates; contacting employment agencies;
or soliciting employees at job fairs, state or local employment offices, or similar sources.

Excluded are positions open only to internal transfers, promotions or demotions, or recall from layoffs. Also
excluded are openings for positions with start dates more than 30 days in the future; positions for which employees
have been hired but the employees have not yet reported for work; and positions to be filled by employees of
temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The job openings rate is
computed by dividing the number of job openings by the sum of employment and job openings and multiplying that
quotient by 100.

Hires. Hires include all additions to the payroll during the entire reference month, including newly hired and
rehired employees; full-time and part-time employees; permanent, short-term, and seasonal employees; employees
who were recalled to a job at the location following a layoff (formal suspension from pay status) lasting more than 7
days; on-call or intermittent employees who returned to work after having been formally separated; workers who
were hired and separated during the month, and transfers from other locations. Excluded are transfers or promotions
within the reporting location, employees returning from strike, employees of temporary help agencies, employee
leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The hires rate is computed by dividing the number of hires by
employment and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Separations. Separations include all separations from the payroll during the entire reference month and is
reported by type of separation:  quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Quits include employees who
left voluntarily, with the exception of retirements or transfers to other locations. Layoffs and discharges includes
involuntary separations initiated by the employer, such as layoffs with no intent to rehire; layoffs (formal
suspensions from pay status) lasting or expected to last more than 7 days; discharges resulting from mergers,
downsizing, or closings; firings or other discharges for cause; terminations of permanent or short-term employees;
and terminations of seasonal employees (whether or not they are expected to return the next season). Other
separations include retirements, transfers to other locations, separations due to employee disability; and deaths.
Other separations comprise less than 8 percent of total separations. Other separations rates are generally very low,
and other separations variance estimates are relatively high. Consequently, the other separations component is not
published for states.

Excluded from separations are transfers within the same location; employees on strike; employees of temporary help
agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The separations rate is computed by
dividing the number of separations by employment and multiplying that quotient by 100. The quits and layoffs and
discharges rates are computed similarly.

State Estimation Method

The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random sample of approximately 21,000 nonfarm business and
government establishments. The sample is stratified by ownership, region, industry sector, and establishment size
class. The JOLTS sample of 21,000 establishments does not directly support the production of sample-based state
estimates. However, state estimates have been produced by combining the available sample with model-based
estimates.

The state estimates consist of four major estimating models; the Composite Regional model (an unpublished
intermediate model), the Synthetic model (an unpublished intermediate model), the Composite Synthetic model
(published historical series through the most current benchmark year), and the Extended Composite Synthetic model
(published current-year monthly series). The Composite Regional model uses JOLTS microdata, JOLTS regional
published estimates, and Current Employment Statistics (CES) employment data. The Composite Synthetic model
uses JOLTS microdata and Synthetic model estimates derived from monthly employment changes in microdata from
the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW), and JOLTS published regional data. The Extended
Composite Synthetic model extends the Composite Synthetic estimates by ratio-adjusting the Composite Synthetic
model by the ratio of the current Composite Regional model estimate to the Composite Regional model estimate
from the previous year.

The Extended Composite Synthetic model (and its major component-the Composite Regional model) is used
to extend the Composite Synthetic estimates because all of the inputs required by this model are available at the time
monthly estimate are produced. In contrast, the Composite Synthetic model (and its major component-the
Synthetic model) can only be produced when the latest QCEW data are available. The Extended Composite
Synthetic model estimates are used to extend the Composite Synthetic model estimates during the annual JOLTS
retabulation process. The extension of the Composite Synthetic model using current data-based Composite Regional
model estimates ensures that the Composite Synthetic model estimates reflect current economic trends.

The Composite Regional approach calculates state-level JOLTS estimates from JOLTS microdata using sample
weights and the adjustments for non-response. The Composite Regional estimate is then benchmarked to CES state-
supersector employment to produce state-supersector estimates. The JOLTS sample, by itself, cannot ensure a
reasonably sized sample for each state-supersector cell. The small JOLTS sample results in several state-supersector
cells that lack enough data to produce a reasonable estimate. To overcome this issue, the state-level estimates
derived directly from the JOLTS sample are augmented using JOLTS regional estimates when the number of
respondents is low (that is, less than 30). This approach is known as a composite estimate, which leverages the small
JOLTS sample to the greatest extent possible and supplements that with a model-based estimate. Previous research
has found that regional industry estimates are a good proxy at finer levels of geographical detail. That is, one can
make a reliable prediction of JOLTS estimates at the regional-level using only national industry-level JOLTS rates.
The assumption in this approach is that one can make a good prediction of JOLTS estimates at the state-level using
only regional industry-level JOLTS rates.)

In this approach, the JOLTS microdata-based estimate is used, without model augmentation, in all state-
supersector cells that have 30 or more respondents. The JOLTS regional estimate will be used, without a sample-
based component, in all state-supersector cells that have fewer than five respondents. In all state-supersector cells
with 5 to 30 respondents, an estimate is calculated that is a composition of a weighted estimate of the microdata-
based estimate and a weighted estimate of the JOLTS regional estimate. The weight assigned to the JOLTS data in
those cells is proportional the number of JOLTS respondents in the cell (weight=n/30, where n is the number of
respondents). The sum of state estimates within a region is made equal to the aligned regional JOLTS published
regional estimates.

Seasonal adjustment. BLS uses the seasonal adjustment program (X-13ARIMA-SEATS) to seasonally adjust
the JOLTS series. Each month, a concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology uses all relevant data, up to and
including the current month, to calculate new seasonal adjustment factors. Moving averages are used as seasonal
filters in seasonal adjustment. JOLTS seasonal adjustment includes both additive and multiplicative models, as well
as regression with autocorrelated errors (REGARIMA) modeling, to improve the seasonal adjustment factors at the
beginning and end of the series and to detect and adjust for outliers in the series.

Annual estimates and benchmarking. The JOLTS state estimates utilize and leverage data from three BLS
programs; JOLTS, CES, and QCEW. These state estimates are published as a historical series made up of a
historical annually revised benchmark component of the Composite Synthetic model and a current component of the
Extended Composite Synthetic model that provides monthly "real-time" estimates between lagged benchmarks.

The JOLTS employment levels are ratio-adjusted to the CES employment levels, and the resulting ratios are
applied to all JOLTS data elements.

The seasonally adjusted estimates are recalculated for the most recent 5 years to reflect updated seasonal
adjustment factors. These annual updates result in revisions to both the seasonally adjusted and not seasonally
adjusted JOLTS data series for the period since the last benchmark was established.

Annual levels for hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total separations are the sum of the
12 published monthly levels.

Annual average levels for job openings are calculated by dividing the sum of the 12 published monthly levels
by 12.

Annual average rates for hires, total separations quits, and layoffs and discharges are calculated by dividing the
sum of the 12 monthly JOLTS published levels for each data element by the sum of the 12 monthly CES published
employment levels, and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Annual average rates for job openings are calculated by dividing the sum of the 12 monthly JOLTS published
levels by the sum of the 12 monthly CES published employment levels plus the sum of the 12 monthly job openings
levels, and multiplying that quotient by 100.)

Reliability of the estimates

JOLTS estimates are subject to two types of error:  sampling error and nonsampling error.

Sampling error can result when a sample, rather than an entire population, is surveyed. There is a chance that
the sample estimates may differ from the true population values they represent. The exact difference, or sampling
error, varies with the sample selected, and this variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. BLS
analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence. This means that there is a 90-percent chance
that the true population mean will fall into the interval created by the sample mean plus or minus 1.65 standard
errors. Estimates of median standard errors are released monthly as part of the significant change tables on the
JOLTS webpage. Standard errors are updated annually with the most recent 5 years of data. For sampling error
estimates, see www.bls.gov/jlt/jolts_median_standard_errors.htm.

Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, including the failure to include a segment of the population, the
inability to obtain data from all units in the sample, the inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide data on a
timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, errors made in the collection or processing of the data, and errors from
the employment benchmark data used in estimation. The JOLTS program uses quality control procedures to reduce
nonsampling error in the survey's design.

The JOLTS state variance estimates account for both sampling error and the error attributable to modeling. A
small area domain model uses a Bayesian approach to develop estimates of JOLTS state variance. The small area
model uses QCEW-based JOLTS synthetic model data to generate a Bayesian prior distribution, then updates the
prior distribution using JOLTS microdata and sample-based variance estimates at the state and US Census regional
level to generate a Bayesian posterior distribution. Once the Bayesian posterior distribution has been generated,
estimates of JOLTS state variances are made by drawing 2,500 estimates from the Bayesian posterior distribution.
This Bayesian approach thus indirectly accounts for sampling error and directly for model error.

Other information

If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access telecommunications
relay services.

Table 1. Job openings levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)						Rates
	Apr. 2023	Jan. 2024	Feb. 2024	Mar. 2024	Apr. 2024(p)	Change from: Mar. 2024 - Apr. 2024(p)	Apr. 2023	Jan. 2024	Feb. 2024	Mar. 2024	Apr. 2024(p)	Change from: Mar. 2024 - Apr. 2024(p)
TOTAL U.S.	9,904	8,748	8,813	8,355	8,059	-296	6.0	5.3	5.3	5.0	4.8	-0.2
Alabama	145	131	126	120	120	0	6.3	5.7	5.4	5.2	5.2	0.0
Alaska	28	24	27	25	25	0	7.9	6.7	7.5	6.9	6.9	0.0
Arizona	240	141	184	149	185	36	7.1	4.2	5.4	4.4	5.4	1.0
Arkansas	101	74	76	80	87	7	6.9	5.2	5.3	5.5	6.0	0.5
California	1,043	773	853	714	633	-81	5.5	4.1	4.5	3.8	3.4	-0.4
Colorado	259	195	201	199	201	2	8.2	6.2	6.3	6.3	6.3	0.0
Connecticut	97	89	87	87	90	3	5.4	5.0	4.9	4.9	5.0	0.1
Delaware	37	35	32	28	26	-2	7.1	6.7	6.2	5.4	5.0	-0.4
District of Columbia	40	46	38	36	37	1	4.9	5.6	4.7	4.5	4.6	0.1
Florida	669	537	530	527	520	-7	6.4	5.1	5.1	5.1	5.0	-0.1
Georgia	385	281	270	256	262	6	7.3	5.4	5.2	4.9	5.0	0.1
Hawaii	38	25	32	27	26	-1	5.7	3.8	4.8	4.1	3.9	-0.2
Idaho	57	50	50	46	53	7	6.3	5.5	5.5	5.0	5.8	0.8
Illinois	423	367	387	380	315	-65	6.5	5.7	5.9	5.8	4.9	-0.9
Indiana	193	160	192	154	148	-6	5.6	4.7	5.5	4.5	4.3	-0.2
Iowa	107	93	83	74	71	-3	6.3	5.5	4.9	4.4	4.2	-0.2
Kansas	97	80	85	84	69	-15	6.3	5.2	5.5	5.4	4.5	-0.9
Kentucky	145	116	117	122	131	9	6.8	5.4	5.5	5.7	6.0	0.3
Louisiana	148	121	127	117	123	6	7.0	5.8	6.1	5.6	5.9	0.3
Maine	44	45	38	37	40	3	6.4	6.4	5.5	5.3	5.7	0.4
Maryland	206	206	191	185	179	-6	7.0	7.0	6.5	6.3	6.1	-0.2
Massachusetts	298	218	229	219	213	-6	7.3	5.5	5.8	5.5	5.4	-0.1
Michigan	296	248	237	243	213	-30	6.3	5.3	5.0	5.1	4.5	-0.6
Minnesota	206	182	171	166	142	-24	6.5	5.7	5.4	5.2	4.5	-0.7
Mississippi	91	73	72	69	70	1	7.2	5.8	5.7	5.5	5.6	0.1
Missouri	190	196	190	159	139	-20	6.0	6.1	5.9	5.0	4.4	-0.6
Montana	41	36	38	33	33	0	7.3	6.4	6.7	5.9	5.9	0.0
Nebraska	69	56	58	54	47	-7	6.2	5.0	5.2	4.8	4.2	-0.6
Nevada	113	83	83	75	69	-6	6.8	5.0	5.0	4.5	4.2	-0.3
New Hampshire	47	41	40	40	40	0	6.3	5.5	5.4	5.4	5.4	0.0
New Jersey	232	207	207	253	220	-33	5.1	4.5	4.5	5.5	4.8	-0.7
New Mexico	71	55	62	56	55	-1	7.6	5.9	6.6	6.0	5.9	-0.1
New York	460	517	513	511	440	-71	4.5	5.0	5.0	4.9	4.3	-0.6
North Carolina	379	288	275	251	260	9	7.2	5.5	5.2	4.8	5.0	0.2
North Dakota	29	26	27	24	24	0	6.3	5.6	5.8	5.2	5.2	0.0
Ohio	393	327	286	284	242	-42	6.5	5.5	4.8	4.8	4.1	-0.7
Oklahoma	128	115	118	111	112	1	6.9	6.1	6.2	5.9	5.9	0.0
Oregon	126	142	111	107	110	3	6.0	6.7	5.3	5.1	5.3	0.2
Pennsylvania	399	365	351	315	329	14	6.1	5.6	5.4	4.9	5.1	0.2
Rhode Island	33	28	32	30	29	-1	6.2	5.2	5.9	5.5	5.3	-0.2
South Carolina	172	169	162	162	157	-5	7.0	6.7	6.4	6.4	6.2	-0.2
South Dakota	31	27	30	25	21	-4	6.3	5.5	6.0	5.1	4.3	-0.8
Tennessee	252	200	187	174	192	18	7.1	5.7	5.3	5.0	5.4	0.4
Texas	819	780	814	794	799	5	5.6	5.3	5.5	5.3	5.3	0.0
Utah	113	89	92	92	88	-4	6.2	4.9	5.0	5.0	4.8	-0.2
Vermont	21	18	17	18	15	-3	6.4	5.5	5.2	5.4	4.5	-0.9
Virginia	315	269	271	237	283	46	7.1	6.0	6.0	5.3	6.3	1.0
Washington	213	175	180	163	140	-23	5.6	4.6	4.7	4.3	3.7	-0.6
West Virginia	55	52	43	44	48	4	7.3	6.7	5.6	5.8	6.3	0.5
Wisconsin	205	160	174	180	172	-8	6.4	5.0	5.4	5.6	5.4	-0.2
Wyoming	22	18	18	17	17	0	7.1	5.8	5.8	5.5	5.5	0.0
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 2. Hires levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)						Rates
	Apr. 2023	Jan. 2024	Feb. 2024	Mar. 2024	Apr. 2024(p)	Change from: Mar. 2024 - Apr. 2024(p)	Apr. 2023	Jan. 2024	Feb. 2024	Mar. 2024	Apr. 2024(p)	Change from: Mar. 2024 - Apr. 2024(p)
TOTAL U.S.	5,951	5,698	5,781	5,617	5,640	23	3.8	3.6	3.7	3.6	3.6	0.0
Alabama	93	91	93	90	86	-4	4.3	4.2	4.3	4.1	3.9	-0.2
Alaska	18	19	21	18	18	0	5.5	5.7	6.3	5.4	5.4	0.0
Arizona	148	126	120	112	124	12	4.7	3.9	3.7	3.4	3.8	0.4
Arkansas	61	57	60	59	59	0	4.5	4.2	4.4	4.3	4.3	0.0
California	539	501	523	584	549	-35	3.0	2.8	2.9	3.2	3.1	-0.1
Colorado	128	114	111	112	121	9	4.4	3.8	3.7	3.8	4.1	0.3
Connecticut	59	63	62	58	55	-3	3.5	3.7	3.6	3.4	3.2	-0.2
Delaware	24	26	24	20	22	2	5.0	5.3	4.9	4.1	4.5	0.4
District of Columbia	24	24	26	23	24	1	3.1	3.1	3.4	3.0	3.1	0.1
Florida	404	375	437	427	407	-20	4.2	3.8	4.4	4.3	4.1	-0.2
Georgia	230	212	206	191	204	13	4.7	4.3	4.2	3.9	4.1	0.2
Hawaii	21	18	22	19	19	0	3.3	2.8	3.5	3.0	3.0	0.0
Idaho	41	41	37	37	46	9	4.8	4.8	4.3	4.3	5.3	1.0
Illinois	248	213	191	222	222	0	4.0	3.5	3.1	3.6	3.6	0.0
Indiana	151	117	115	115	129	14	4.6	3.6	3.5	3.5	3.9	0.4
Iowa	60	60	52	47	57	10	3.8	3.8	3.2	2.9	3.5	0.6
Kansas	59	51	50	55	58	3	4.1	3.5	3.4	3.8	4.0	0.2
Kentucky	84	91	87	79	76	-3	4.2	4.5	4.3	3.9	3.7	-0.2
Louisiana	85	92	95	84	99	15	4.3	4.7	4.9	4.3	5.0	0.7
Maine	25	23	28	26	26	0	3.9	3.5	4.3	4.0	4.0	0.0
Maryland	107	108	105	103	109	6	3.9	3.9	3.8	3.8	4.0	0.2
Massachusetts	135	102	111	120	97	-23	3.6	2.7	3.0	3.2	2.6	-0.6
Michigan	153	146	146	156	146	-10	3.5	3.3	3.3	3.5	3.2	-0.3
Minnesota	117	116	100	98	98	0	3.9	3.9	3.3	3.2	3.2	0.0
Mississippi	52	52	50	47	51	4	4.4	4.4	4.2	3.9	4.3	0.4
Missouri	105	100	107	104	102	-2	3.5	3.3	3.6	3.4	3.4	0.0
Montana	25	28	27	27	27	0	4.8	5.3	5.1	5.1	5.1	0.0
Nebraska	41	38	36	37	36	-1	3.9	3.6	3.4	3.5	3.4	-0.1
Nevada	67	60	65	65	62	-3	4.4	3.8	4.1	4.1	3.9	-0.2
New Hampshire	37	27	28	28	25	-3	5.3	3.8	4.0	4.0	3.5	-0.5
New Jersey	167	146	153	190	154	-36	3.9	3.3	3.5	4.3	3.5	-0.8
New Mexico	34	36	30	32	34	2	3.9	4.1	3.4	3.6	3.8	0.2
New York	281	277	247	266	239	-27	2.9	2.8	2.5	2.7	2.4	-0.3
North Carolina	213	197	227	171	201	30	4.4	4.0	4.6	3.4	4.0	0.6
North Dakota	17	18	17	16	17	1	3.9	4.1	3.9	3.6	3.9	0.3
Ohio	222	193	213	198	198	0	4.0	3.4	3.8	3.5	3.5	0.0
Oklahoma	79	80	84	75	88	13	4.6	4.5	4.7	4.2	4.9	0.7
Oregon	72	87	73	72	79	7	3.6	4.4	3.7	3.6	4.0	0.4
Pennsylvania	198	227	185	169	167	-2	3.2	3.7	3.0	2.7	2.7	0.0
Rhode Island	25	19	22	21	18	-3	5.0	3.7	4.3	4.1	3.5	-0.6
South Carolina	110	121	106	113	117	4	4.8	5.2	4.5	4.8	4.9	0.1
South Dakota	19	20	19	17	17	0	4.1	4.3	4.1	3.6	3.6	0.0
Tennessee	160	139	171	134	151	17	4.8	4.2	5.2	4.0	4.5	0.5
Texas	624	526	590	490	490	0	4.5	3.7	4.2	3.5	3.5	0.0
Utah	70	64	63	65	69	4	4.1	3.7	3.6	3.7	3.9	0.2
Vermont	15	12	12	12	10	-2	4.8	3.8	3.8	3.8	3.2	-0.6
Virginia	169	169	177	168	172	4	4.1	4.0	4.2	4.0	4.1	0.1
Washington	129	120	116	106	111	5	3.6	3.3	3.2	2.9	3.0	0.1
West Virginia	32	38	36	30	33	3	4.6	5.3	5.0	4.2	4.6	0.4
Wisconsin	111	105	92	96	108	12	3.7	3.5	3.0	3.2	3.6	0.4
Wyoming	14	14	13	14	14	0	4.8	4.8	4.4	4.8	4.8	0.0
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 3. Total separations levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)						Rates
	Apr. 2023	Jan. 2024	Feb. 2024	Mar. 2024	Apr. 2024(p)	Change from: Mar. 2024 - Apr. 2024(p)	Apr. 2023	Jan. 2024	Feb. 2024	Mar. 2024	Apr. 2024(p)	Change from: Mar. 2024 - Apr. 2024(p)
TOTAL U.S.	5,569	5,449	5,539	5,330	5,372	42	3.6	3.5	3.5	3.4	3.4	0.0
Alabama	76	82	81	89	81	-8	3.5	3.8	3.7	4.1	3.7	-0.4
Alaska	26	17	20	23	21	-2	8.0	5.1	6.0	6.9	6.3	-0.6
Arizona	142	120	119	111	143	32	4.5	3.7	3.7	3.4	4.4	1.0
Arkansas	54	51	55	50	55	5	4.0	3.8	4.0	3.7	4.0	0.3
California	505	506	499	448	467	19	2.8	2.8	2.8	2.5	2.6	0.1
Colorado	116	128	114	102	150	48	4.0	4.3	3.8	3.4	5.0	1.6
Connecticut	56	53	59	58	67	9	3.3	3.1	3.5	3.4	3.9	0.5
Delaware	21	24	22	20	20	0	4.3	4.9	4.5	4.1	4.1	0.0
District of Columbia	21	23	21	23	20	-3	2.7	3.0	2.7	3.0	2.6	-0.4
Florida	397	392	395	395	396	1	4.1	4.0	4.0	4.0	4.0	0.0
Georgia	192	191	169	167	170	3	3.9	3.9	3.4	3.4	3.4	0.0
Hawaii	19	19	22	22	20	-2	3.0	3.0	3.5	3.5	3.1	-0.4
Idaho	44	41	43	42	36	-6	5.2	4.8	5.0	4.9	4.2	-0.7
Illinois	243	189	182	197	186	-11	4.0	3.1	3.0	3.2	3.0	-0.2
Indiana	145	123	122	136	117	-19	4.5	3.8	3.7	4.2	3.6	-0.6
Iowa	69	65	59	56	55	-1	4.3	4.1	3.7	3.5	3.4	-0.1
Kansas	65	58	50	58	61	3	4.5	4.0	3.4	4.0	4.2	0.2
Kentucky	89	79	77	72	74	2	4.4	3.9	3.8	3.5	3.6	0.1
Louisiana	82	88	82	73	91	18	4.2	4.5	4.2	3.7	4.6	0.9
Maine	22	24	29	28	29	1	3.4	3.7	4.4	4.3	4.4	0.1
Maryland	110	99	102	95	98	3	4.0	3.6	3.7	3.5	3.6	0.1
Massachusetts	114	96	111	99	80	-19	3.0	2.6	3.0	2.7	2.1	-0.6
Michigan	148	141	136	158	139	-19	3.3	3.2	3.0	3.5	3.1	-0.4
Minnesota	102	95	126	99	91	-8	3.4	3.2	4.2	3.3	3.0	-0.3
Mississippi	52	51	48	43	47	4	4.4	4.3	4.0	3.6	4.0	0.4
Missouri	112	95	105	105	100	-5	3.8	3.2	3.5	3.5	3.3	-0.2
Montana	29	27	30	29	27	-2	5.6	5.1	5.7	5.5	5.1	-0.4
Nebraska	43	45	36	37	37	0	4.1	4.3	3.4	3.5	3.5	0.0
Nevada	66	59	75	66	72	6	4.3	3.8	4.8	4.2	4.6	0.4
New Hampshire	25	27	33	28	29	1	3.6	3.8	4.7	4.0	4.1	0.1
New Jersey	150	149	121	144	145	1	3.5	3.4	2.8	3.3	3.3	0.0
New Mexico	35	35	33	33	37	4	4.0	4.0	3.7	3.7	4.2	0.5
New York	231	274	263	290	258	-32	2.4	2.8	2.7	3.0	2.6	-0.4
North Carolina	197	180	163	156	168	12	4.0	3.6	3.3	3.1	3.4	0.3
North Dakota	22	18	18	20	19	-1	5.1	4.1	4.1	4.5	4.3	-0.2
Ohio	229	173	191	195	213	18	4.1	3.1	3.4	3.5	3.8	0.3
Oklahoma	67	72	68	68	61	-7	3.9	4.1	3.8	3.8	3.4	-0.4
Oregon	81	84	83	79	86	7	4.1	4.3	4.2	4.0	4.3	0.3
Pennsylvania	176	177	190	201	192	-9	2.9	2.9	3.1	3.3	3.1	-0.2
Rhode Island	20	19	22	20	24	4	4.0	3.7	4.3	3.9	4.7	0.8
South Carolina	91	106	101	82	97	15	4.0	4.5	4.3	3.5	4.1	0.6
South Dakota	23	21	18	19	21	2	5.0	4.5	3.8	4.0	4.5	0.5
Tennessee	133	116	142	130	134	4	4.0	3.5	4.3	3.9	4.0	0.1
Texas	476	506	586	472	432	-40	3.4	3.6	4.2	3.3	3.1	-0.2
Utah	70	71	75	73	72	-1	4.1	4.1	4.3	4.2	4.1	-0.1
Vermont	11	12	13	13	12	-1	3.6	3.8	4.2	4.1	3.8	-0.3
Virginia	173	155	152	154	156	2	4.2	3.7	3.6	3.6	3.7	0.1
Washington	131	112	121	100	108	8	3.6	3.1	3.3	2.7	3.0	0.3
West Virginia	34	33	28	31	32	1	4.9	4.6	3.9	4.3	4.4	0.1
Wisconsin	112	113	110	109	115	6	3.7	3.7	3.6	3.6	3.8	0.2
Wyoming	16	14	16	16	14	-2	5.5	4.8	5.5	5.5	4.8	-0.7
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 4. Quits levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)						Rates
	Apr. 2023	Jan. 2024	Feb. 2024	Mar. 2024	Apr. 2024(p)	Change from: Mar. 2024 - Apr. 2024(p)	Apr. 2023	Jan. 2024	Feb. 2024	Mar. 2024	Apr. 2024(p)	Change from: Mar. 2024 - Apr. 2024(p)
TOTAL U.S.	3,611	3,446	3,527	3,409	3,507	98	2.3	2.2	2.2	2.2	2.2	0.0
Alabama	55	58	50	53	54	1	2.6	2.7	2.3	2.4	2.5	0.1
Alaska	11	11	13	14	13	-1	3.4	3.3	3.9	4.2	3.9	-0.3
Arizona	103	76	77	63	81	18	3.3	2.3	2.4	1.9	2.5	0.6
Arkansas	37	33	36	34	35	1	2.7	2.4	2.6	2.5	2.6	0.1
California	341	316	333	275	262	-13	1.9	1.8	1.9	1.5	1.5	0.0
Colorado	77	87	75	66	104	38	2.7	2.9	2.5	2.2	3.5	1.3
Connecticut	35	31	33	33	34	1	2.1	1.8	1.9	1.9	2.0	0.1
Delaware	15	15	14	13	13	0	3.1	3.1	2.9	2.7	2.7	0.0
District of Columbia	14	14	14	14	12	-2	1.8	1.8	1.8	1.8	1.6	-0.2
Florida	290	268	297	273	301	28	3.0	2.7	3.0	2.8	3.0	0.2
Georgia	142	124	108	119	111	-8	2.9	2.5	2.2	2.4	2.2	-0.2
Hawaii	12	12	13	12	12	0	1.9	1.9	2.0	1.9	1.9	0.0
Idaho	27	26	28	24	21	-3	3.2	3.0	3.2	2.8	2.4	-0.4
Illinois	144	120	113	126	120	-6	2.4	2.0	1.8	2.1	2.0	-0.1
Indiana	94	75	81	78	81	3	2.9	2.3	2.5	2.4	2.5	0.1
Iowa	45	37	36	35	33	-2	2.8	2.3	2.2	2.2	2.0	-0.2
Kansas	36	31	32	36	37	1	2.5	2.1	2.2	2.5	2.5	0.0
Kentucky	65	54	52	47	48	1	3.2	2.7	2.6	2.3	2.4	0.1
Louisiana	57	56	52	46	58	12	2.9	2.9	2.7	2.3	3.0	0.7
Maine	15	14	14	17	16	-1	2.3	2.1	2.1	2.6	2.4	-0.2
Maryland	75	62	63	63	61	-2	2.7	2.3	2.3	2.3	2.2	-0.1
Massachusetts	71	55	57	59	45	-14	1.9	1.5	1.5	1.6	1.2	-0.4
Michigan	89	80	85	93	96	3	2.0	1.8	1.9	2.1	2.1	0.0
Minnesota	68	53	64	60	64	4	2.3	1.8	2.1	2.0	2.1	0.1
Mississippi	37	35	31	28	32	4	3.1	3.0	2.6	2.4	2.7	0.3
Missouri	73	56	73	66	73	7	2.5	1.9	2.4	2.2	2.4	0.2
Montana	18	17	19	16	17	1	3.5	3.2	3.6	3.0	3.2	0.2
Nebraska	26	24	23	22	23	1	2.5	2.3	2.2	2.1	2.2	0.1
Nevada	45	35	45	38	41	3	2.9	2.2	2.9	2.4	2.6	0.2
New Hampshire	15	16	15	16	15	-1	2.1	2.3	2.1	2.3	2.1	-0.2
New Jersey	92	71	65	88	80	-8	2.1	1.6	1.5	2.0	1.8	-0.2
New Mexico	22	22	21	19	23	4	2.5	2.5	2.4	2.1	2.6	0.5
New York	140	154	161	189	173	-16	1.4	1.6	1.6	1.9	1.8	-0.1
North Carolina	138	103	105	116	106	-10	2.8	2.1	2.1	2.3	2.1	-0.2
North Dakota	13	10	11	11	12	1	3.0	2.3	2.5	2.5	2.7	0.2
Ohio	126	112	120	129	151	22	2.2	2.0	2.1	2.3	2.7	0.4
Oklahoma	48	46	47	43	44	1	2.8	2.6	2.6	2.4	2.5	0.1
Oregon	52	52	51	41	52	11	2.6	2.6	2.6	2.1	2.6	0.5
Pennsylvania	121	122	114	116	115	-1	2.0	2.0	1.9	1.9	1.9	0.0
Rhode Island	13	11	11	12	13	1	2.6	2.1	2.1	2.3	2.5	0.2
South Carolina	66	69	72	53	67	14	2.9	2.9	3.1	2.2	2.8	0.6
South Dakota	13	12	12	11	14	3	2.8	2.6	2.6	2.3	3.0	0.7
Tennessee	98	80	86	91	94	3	3.0	2.4	2.6	2.7	2.8	0.1
Texas	339	359	381	345	330	-15	2.4	2.6	2.7	2.4	2.3	-0.1
Utah	48	49	47	43	45	2	2.8	2.8	2.7	2.5	2.6	0.1
Vermont	7	7	6	7	7	0	2.3	2.2	1.9	2.2	2.2	0.0
Virginia	107	102	95	100	100	0	2.6	2.4	2.3	2.4	2.4	0.0
Washington	87	71	77	56	64	8	2.4	2.0	2.1	1.5	1.8	0.3
West Virginia	23	22	18	22	22	0	3.3	3.1	2.5	3.1	3.1	0.0
Wisconsin	69	70	67	69	75	6	2.3	2.3	2.2	2.3	2.5	0.2
Wyoming	10	10	11	9	9	0	3.5	3.4	3.8	3.1	3.1	0.0
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)						Rates
	Apr. 2023	Jan. 2024	Feb. 2024	Mar. 2024	Apr. 2024(p)	Change from: Mar. 2024 - Apr. 2024(p)	Apr. 2023	Jan. 2024	Feb. 2024	Mar. 2024	Apr. 2024(p)	Change from: Mar. 2024 - Apr. 2024(p)
TOTAL U.S.	1,636	1,596	1,681	1,601	1,515	-86	1.1	1.0	1.1	1.0	1.0	0.0
Alabama	17	20	27	29	21	-8	0.8	0.9	1.2	1.3	1.0	-0.3
Alaska	12	5	5	7	6	-1	3.7	1.5	1.5	2.1	1.8	-0.3
Arizona	34	38	36	42	52	10	1.1	1.2	1.1	1.3	1.6	0.3
Arkansas	14	14	17	13	16	3	1.0	1.0	1.2	1.0	1.2	0.2
California	136	165	137	143	182	39	0.8	0.9	0.8	0.8	1.0	0.2
Colorado	33	34	33	30	33	3	1.1	1.1	1.1	1.0	1.1	0.1
Connecticut	15	19	20	19	29	10	0.9	1.1	1.2	1.1	1.7	0.6
Delaware	5	8	6	6	5	-1	1.0	1.6	1.2	1.2	1.0	-0.2
District of Columbia	5	6	5	6	5	-1	0.6	0.8	0.6	0.8	0.7	-0.1
Florida	89	105	89	103	76	-27	0.9	1.1	0.9	1.0	0.8	-0.2
Georgia	42	52	53	38	48	10	0.9	1.1	1.1	0.8	1.0	0.2
Hawaii	5	5	7	8	6	-2	0.8	0.8	1.1	1.3	0.9	-0.4
Idaho	14	12	12	15	12	-3	1.7	1.4	1.4	1.7	1.4	-0.3
Illinois	84	52	54	61	57	-4	1.4	0.9	0.9	1.0	0.9	-0.1
Indiana	45	34	34	50	30	-20	1.4	1.0	1.0	1.5	0.9	-0.6
Iowa	21	18	18	17	18	1	1.3	1.1	1.1	1.1	1.1	0.0
Kansas	25	16	14	18	16	-2	1.7	1.1	1.0	1.2	1.1	-0.1
Kentucky	20	20	21	19	21	2	1.0	1.0	1.0	0.9	1.0	0.1
Louisiana	22	25	27	21	27	6	1.1	1.3	1.4	1.1	1.4	0.3
Maine	6	8	12	8	11	3	0.9	1.2	1.8	1.2	1.7	0.5
Maryland	28	27	33	25	30	5	1.0	1.0	1.2	0.9	1.1	0.2
Massachusetts	34	34	41	30	29	-1	0.9	0.9	1.1	0.8	0.8	0.0
Michigan	53	44	43	58	34	-24	1.2	1.0	1.0	1.3	0.8	-0.5
Minnesota	30	27	56	33	21	-12	1.0	0.9	1.9	1.1	0.7	-0.4
Mississippi	12	13	13	12	12	0	1.0	1.1	1.1	1.0	1.0	0.0
Missouri	34	28	25	34	20	-14	1.1	0.9	0.8	1.1	0.7	-0.4
Montana	8	8	9	11	8	-3	1.5	1.5	1.7	2.1	1.5	-0.6
Nebraska	15	13	11	12	10	-2	1.4	1.2	1.0	1.1	0.9	-0.2
Nevada	18	21	26	24	24	0	1.2	1.3	1.7	1.5	1.5	0.0
New Hampshire	7	9	14	9	11	2	1.0	1.3	2.0	1.3	1.6	0.3
New Jersey	49	66	46	45	54	9	1.1	1.5	1.1	1.0	1.2	0.2
New Mexico	9	11	9	12	10	-2	1.0	1.2	1.0	1.4	1.1	-0.3
New York	78	102	90	91	67	-24	0.8	1.0	0.9	0.9	0.7	-0.2
North Carolina	50	68	49	34	50	16	1.0	1.4	1.0	0.7	1.0	0.3
North Dakota	8	5	5	8	5	-3	1.8	1.1	1.1	1.8	1.1	-0.7
Ohio	85	39	58	53	56	3	1.5	0.7	1.0	0.9	1.0	0.1
Oklahoma	15	22	18	21	12	-9	0.9	1.2	1.0	1.2	0.7	-0.5
Oregon	24	26	23	31	26	-5	1.2	1.3	1.2	1.6	1.3	-0.3
Pennsylvania	45	48	54	70	62	-8	0.7	0.8	0.9	1.1	1.0	-0.1
Rhode Island	6	7	8	7	9	2	1.2	1.4	1.6	1.4	1.8	0.4
South Carolina	21	31	25	24	25	1	0.9	1.3	1.1	1.0	1.1	0.1
South Dakota	9	5	5	7	5	-2	2.0	1.1	1.1	1.5	1.1	-0.4
Tennessee	28	28	50	32	30	-2	0.8	0.8	1.5	1.0	0.9	-0.1
Texas	114	124	182	106	88	-18	0.8	0.9	1.3	0.8	0.6	-0.2
Utah	18	18	23	26	21	-5	1.0	1.0	1.3	1.5	1.2	-0.3
Vermont	3	4	5	4	4	0	1.0	1.3	1.6	1.3	1.3	0.0
Virginia	59	40	49	44	44	0	1.4	1.0	1.2	1.0	1.0	0.0
Washington	35	34	34	39	32	-7	1.0	0.9	0.9	1.1	0.9	-0.2
West Virginia	9	8	8	7	7	0	1.3	1.1	1.1	1.0	1.0	0.0
Wisconsin	38	29	38	33	31	-2	1.3	1.0	1.3	1.1	1.0	-0.1
Wyoming	5	4	5	6	4	-2	1.7	1.4	1.7	2.0	1.4	-0.6
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 6. Job openings levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)			Rates
	Apr. 2023	Mar. 2024	Apr. 2024(p)	Apr. 2023	Mar. 2024	Apr. 2024(p)
TOTAL U.S.	10,607	8,197	8,595	6.4	5.0	5.2
Alabama	149	115	126	6.5	5.0	5.4
Alaska	28	22	24	8.1	6.2	6.9
Arizona	235	137	194	6.9	4.0	5.6
Arkansas	101	75	91	6.9	5.2	6.2
California	1,066	675	652	5.6	3.6	3.5
Colorado	266	203	211	8.4	6.4	6.6
Connecticut	101	84	95	5.7	4.7	5.3
Delaware	45	25	32	8.5	5.0	6.1
District of Columbia	42	35	38	5.1	4.4	4.7
Florida	707	524	563	6.8	5.0	5.4
Georgia	405	244	279	7.6	4.7	5.3
Hawaii	36	26	22	5.4	3.9	3.4
Idaho	62	46	61	6.8	5.0	6.6
Illinois	462	391	353	7.0	6.0	5.5
Indiana	216	153	165	6.2	4.5	4.8
Iowa	125	71	82	7.3	4.3	4.8
Kansas	103	79	73	6.7	5.1	4.7
Kentucky	150	122	142	6.9	5.7	6.5
Louisiana	153	113	130	7.2	5.5	6.2
Maine	45	34	41	6.6	5.0	6.0
Maryland	220	176	199	7.4	6.1	6.7
Massachusetts	306	225	220	7.5	5.7	5.6
Michigan	321	242	235	6.8	5.2	5.0
Minnesota	234	157	160	7.3	5.0	5.1
Mississippi	93	63	74	7.3	5.0	5.8
Missouri	208	166	158	6.5	5.2	4.9
Montana	43	30	35	7.7	5.4	6.2
Nebraska	75	53	50	6.7	4.8	4.5
Nevada	121	79	76	7.3	4.8	4.6
New Hampshire	46	38	39	6.3	5.1	5.3
New Jersey	224	245	209	5.0	5.4	4.6
New Mexico	75	51	58	8.0	5.4	6.2
New York	473	528	442	4.7	5.1	4.3
North Carolina	397	252	280	7.5	4.8	5.3
North Dakota	30	24	24	6.4	5.2	5.1
Ohio	430	298	273	7.1	5.1	4.6
Oklahoma	132	107	121	7.1	5.7	6.3
Oregon	121	104	109	5.7	5.0	5.2
Pennsylvania	406	319	328	6.2	5.0	5.1
Rhode Island	35	30	30	6.6	5.6	5.6
South Carolina	187	156	173	7.6	6.2	6.8
South Dakota	32	25	23	6.5	5.1	4.7
Tennessee	265	168	205	7.4	4.8	5.8
Texas	877	768	868	6.0	5.2	5.8
Utah	122	88	97	6.6	4.8	5.2
Vermont	22	16	16	6.6	4.8	4.8
Virginia	327	234	308	7.3	5.3	6.8
Washington	243	163	160	6.3	4.3	4.2
West Virginia	56	43	50	7.4	5.7	6.5
Wisconsin	219	165	184	6.8	5.2	5.7
Wyoming	22	15	16	7.0	4.8	5.4
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 7. Hires levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)			Rates
	Apr. 2023	Mar. 2024	Apr. 2024(p)	Apr. 2023	Mar. 2024	Apr. 2024(p)
TOTAL U.S.	6,216	5,095	5,897	4.0	3.2	3.7
Alabama	91	79	85	4.2	3.6	3.8
Alaska	17	13	17	5.3	3.9	5.0
Arizona	159	93	141	5.0	2.9	4.3
Arkansas	58	52	58	4.3	3.8	4.2
California	541	522	558	3.0	2.9	3.1
Colorado	140	98	139	4.8	3.3	4.7
Connecticut	69	54	64	4.1	3.2	3.8
Delaware	27	17	24	5.7	3.6	5.0
District of Columbia	23	21	23	2.9	2.8	2.9
Florida	393	414	404	4.0	4.2	4.0
Georgia	227	164	205	4.7	3.3	4.1
Hawaii	19	16	18	3.0	2.6	2.8
Idaho	42	33	50	5.0	3.8	5.8
Illinois	234	215	219	3.8	3.5	3.6
Indiana	151	103	137	4.7	3.2	4.2
Iowa	62	42	62	3.9	2.6	3.8
Kansas	54	49	56	3.8	3.4	3.8
Kentucky	87	72	76	4.3	3.6	3.7
Louisiana	82	77	97	4.2	3.9	4.9
Maine	28	21	31	4.4	3.3	4.7
Maryland	113	90	116	4.1	3.3	4.2
Massachusetts	147	102	105	3.9	2.8	2.8
Michigan	159	146	152	3.6	3.3	3.4
Minnesota	125	77	104	4.2	2.6	3.5
Mississippi	48	40	48	4.1	3.4	4.0
Missouri	104	102	104	3.5	3.4	3.4
Montana	27	22	29	5.3	4.2	5.4
Nebraska	41	35	36	3.9	3.3	3.4
Nevada	65	61	62	4.2	3.9	3.9
New Hampshire	45	24	28	6.5	3.4	4.0
New Jersey	175	202	166	4.1	4.7	3.8
New Mexico	38	28	38	4.3	3.2	4.3
New York	302	245	259	3.1	2.5	2.6
North Carolina	216	163	213	4.4	3.3	4.3
North Dakota	16	14	15	3.8	3.2	3.5
Ohio	227	179	211	4.1	3.2	3.7
Oklahoma	79	69	90	4.6	3.9	5.0
Oregon	71	65	82	3.6	3.3	4.2
Pennsylvania	246	156	200	4.0	2.6	3.3
Rhode Island	30	20	22	6.2	4.0	4.3
South Carolina	110	108	122	4.8	4.6	5.2
South Dakota	20	15	17	4.3	3.2	3.7
Tennessee	164	124	157	4.9	3.7	4.7
Texas	649	417	512	4.7	3.0	3.6
Utah	74	53	77	4.3	3.1	4.4
Vermont	17	9	11	5.5	3.0	3.5
Virginia	174	157	180	4.2	3.7	4.2
Washington	137	98	122	3.8	2.7	3.4
West Virginia	34	28	32	4.8	3.9	4.5
Wisconsin	104	77	109	3.5	2.6	3.6
Wyoming	13	10	14	4.7	3.5	5.0
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 8. Total separations levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)			Rates
	Apr. 2023	Mar. 2024	Apr. 2024(p)	Apr. 2023	Mar. 2024	Apr. 2024(p)
TOTAL U.S.	5,563	4,656	5,303	3.6	3.0	3.4
Alabama	78	84	84	3.6	3.8	3.8
Alaska	19	16	17	6.1	5.0	5.1
Arizona	157	101	158	5.0	3.1	4.8
Arkansas	51	43	53	3.7	3.2	3.8
California	510	385	461	2.8	2.1	2.6
Colorado	128	85	167	4.4	2.8	5.6
Connecticut	54	45	69	3.2	2.7	4.1
Delaware	20	15	18	4.1	3.0	3.7
District of Columbia	20	18	18	2.6	2.3	2.4
Florida	409	371	406	4.2	3.7	4.1
Georgia	195	163	172	4.0	3.3	3.5
Hawaii	19	19	20	3.0	3.0	3.1
Idaho	48	33	39	5.7	3.8	4.6
Illinois	218	184	167	3.6	3.0	2.7
Indiana	151	116	122	4.7	3.6	3.7
Iowa	66	44	51	4.1	2.8	3.2
Kansas	58	51	57	4.0	3.5	3.9
Kentucky	84	63	73	4.2	3.1	3.6
Louisiana	82	71	93	4.2	3.6	4.7
Maine	20	22	28	3.2	3.4	4.4
Maryland	100	78	91	3.7	2.9	3.3
Massachusetts	109	75	73	2.9	2.0	2.0
Michigan	140	132	133	3.2	3.0	3.0
Minnesota	98	84	86	3.3	2.8	2.9
Mississippi	47	42	44	4.0	3.6	3.6
Missouri	103	94	92	3.5	3.1	3.0
Montana	27	22	26	5.2	4.2	4.9
Nebraska	40	32	33	3.8	3.0	3.1
Nevada	62	58	69	4.0	3.7	4.4
New Hampshire	23	23	28	3.3	3.3	3.9
New Jersey	135	119	135	3.1	2.8	3.1
New Mexico	34	28	37	3.9	3.2	4.2
New York	225	240	251	2.3	2.5	2.6
North Carolina	191	138	160	3.9	2.8	3.2
North Dakota	20	16	17	4.6	3.6	3.9
Ohio	211	164	197	3.8	2.9	3.5
Oklahoma	67	60	59	3.8	3.4	3.3
Oregon	76	65	83	3.8	3.3	4.2
Pennsylvania	173	167	191	2.8	2.7	3.1
Rhode Island	17	17	22	3.4	3.4	4.3
South Carolina	88	82	95	3.9	3.5	4.0
South Dakota	20	14	19	4.5	3.1	4.2
Tennessee	130	119	134	3.9	3.6	4.0
Texas	496	431	435	3.6	3.1	3.1
Utah	77	61	78	4.5	3.5	4.5
Vermont	12	11	14	4.0	3.4	4.5
Virginia	162	144	149	3.9	3.4	3.5
Washington	144	83	118	4.0	2.3	3.3
West Virginia	34	26	33	4.9	3.6	4.6
Wisconsin	110	90	110	3.7	3.0	3.6
Wyoming	16	12	14	5.6	4.2	4.9
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 9. Quits levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)			Rates
	Apr. 2023	Mar. 2024	Apr. 2024(p)	Apr. 2023	Mar. 2024	Apr. 2024(p)
TOTAL U.S.	3,727	3,055	3,587	2.4	1.9	2.3
Alabama	59	50	59	2.7	2.3	2.7
Alaska	8	11	10	2.6	3.4	3.0
Arizona	113	63	92	3.6	1.9	2.8
Arkansas	37	29	35	2.7	2.1	2.6
California	356	253	272	2.0	1.4	1.5
Colorado	77	55	108	2.7	1.9	3.6
Connecticut	35	27	37	2.1	1.6	2.2
Delaware	14	10	12	2.9	2.0	2.4
District of Columbia	13	11	12	1.7	1.5	1.6
Florida	311	262	326	3.2	2.6	3.3
Georgia	150	114	117	3.1	2.3	2.3
Hawaii	12	11	12	2.0	1.8	1.9
Idaho	30	20	23	3.6	2.3	2.7
Illinois	129	114	107	2.1	1.9	1.7
Indiana	105	65	90	3.2	2.0	2.7
Iowa	47	28	33	2.9	1.7	2.1
Kansas	35	32	36	2.4	2.2	2.5
Kentucky	65	42	49	3.2	2.1	2.4
Louisiana	58	48	61	2.9	2.4	3.1
Maine	14	14	16	2.2	2.2	2.5
Maryland	73	53	61	2.7	2.0	2.2
Massachusetts	72	47	43	1.9	1.3	1.2
Michigan	86	76	97	2.0	1.7	2.2
Minnesota	66	51	63	2.2	1.7	2.1
Mississippi	35	29	30	2.9	2.4	2.5
Missouri	67	59	67	2.3	2.0	2.2
Montana	17	13	16	3.2	2.5	3.0
Nebraska	25	19	22	2.4	1.8	2.1
Nevada	42	36	41	2.7	2.3	2.6
New Hampshire	15	14	15	2.2	2.0	2.2
New Jersey	92	76	87	2.1	1.8	2.0
New Mexico	21	18	23	2.5	2.0	2.6
New York	138	167	176	1.4	1.7	1.8
North Carolina	142	101	109	2.9	2.0	2.2
North Dakota	12	9	11	2.8	2.0	2.6
Ohio	124	115	149	2.2	2.1	2.7
Oklahoma	47	38	43	2.7	2.2	2.4
Oregon	49	37	50	2.5	1.9	2.5
Pennsylvania	128	95	120	2.1	1.6	2.0
Rhode Island	11	10	12	2.3	2.0	2.4
South Carolina	66	55	67	2.9	2.3	2.8
South Dakota	12	8	14	2.7	1.8	3.1
Tennessee	97	83	95	2.9	2.5	2.9
Texas	354	318	337	2.6	2.3	2.4
Utah	51	37	47	3.0	2.1	2.7
Vermont	8	6	9	2.8	1.9	2.8
Virginia	107	95	100	2.6	2.2	2.4
Washington	91	51	67	2.5	1.4	1.8
West Virginia	24	18	24	3.4	2.5	3.4
Wisconsin	69	56	76	2.3	1.9	2.5
Wyoming	10	7	9	3.6	2.6	3.0
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 10. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)			Rates
	Apr. 2023	Mar. 2024	Apr. 2024(p)	Apr. 2023	Mar. 2024	Apr. 2024(p)
TOTAL U.S.	1,533	1,322	1,384	1.0	0.8	0.9
Alabama	16	28	20	0.8	1.3	0.9
Alaska	9	4	5	2.9	1.2	1.6
Arizona	38	34	56	1.2	1.0	1.7
Arkansas	12	12	14	0.9	0.9	1.0
California	125	104	170	0.7	0.6	0.9
Colorado	46	24	44	1.6	0.8	1.5
Connecticut	14	14	29	0.8	0.8	1.7
Delaware	5	4	5	1.0	0.9	0.9
District of Columbia	5	5	4	0.6	0.7	0.6
Florida	84	93	63	0.9	0.9	0.6
Georgia	39	41	44	0.8	0.8	0.9
Hawaii	5	6	6	0.8	1.0	1.0
Idaho	15	11	12	1.8	1.2	1.4
Illinois	72	58	51	1.2	1.0	0.8
Indiana	41	43	28	1.3	1.3	0.8
Iowa	16	13	14	1.0	0.8	0.9
Kansas	20	15	13	1.4	1.1	0.9
Kentucky	17	17	19	0.8	0.9	0.9
Louisiana	22	19	26	1.1	1.0	1.3
Maine	5	6	11	0.7	0.9	1.7
Maryland	22	19	23	0.8	0.7	0.8
Massachusetts	29	20	25	0.8	0.5	0.7
Michigan	48	50	28	1.1	1.1	0.6
Minnesota	27	27	18	0.9	0.9	0.6
Mississippi	10	11	10	0.9	0.9	0.9
Missouri	32	28	19	1.1	0.9	0.6
Montana	8	7	7	1.6	1.4	1.4
Nebraska	12	11	8	1.2	1.0	0.7
Nevada	17	18	22	1.1	1.1	1.4
New Hampshire	6	7	10	0.9	1.0	1.5
New Jersey	34	36	40	0.8	0.8	0.9
New Mexico	10	9	10	1.1	1.0	1.1
New York	75	65	59	0.8	0.7	0.6
North Carolina	42	30	41	0.9	0.6	0.8
North Dakota	6	6	4	1.5	1.4	0.9
Ohio	69	38	42	1.2	0.7	0.7
Oklahoma	16	18	12	1.0	1.0	0.7
Oregon	22	22	24	1.1	1.1	1.2
Pennsylvania	36	60	57	0.6	1.0	0.9
Rhode Island	4	6	9	0.8	1.2	1.7
South Carolina	19	23	22	0.8	1.0	1.0
South Dakota	7	5	3	1.6	1.1	0.7
Tennessee	26	30	27	0.8	0.9	0.8
Texas	121	97	86	0.9	0.7	0.6
Utah	21	21	25	1.2	1.2	1.4
Vermont	3	3	5	0.9	1.1	1.5
Virginia	50	39	37	1.2	0.9	0.9
Washington	43	27	38	1.2	0.8	1.0
West Virginia	8	6	6	1.1	0.8	0.9
Wisconsin	35	27	25	1.2	0.9	0.8
Wyoming	5	4	4	1.7	1.4	1.4
Footnotes (p) Preliminary