State Job Openings and Labor Turnover News Release

For release 10:00 a.m. (ET) Wednesday, July 23, 2025	USDL-25-1182
Technical information:	(202) 691-5870  •  JoltsInfo@bls.gov  •  www.bls.gov/jlt
Media contact:		(202) 691-5902  •  PressOffice@bls.gov

			 STATE JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – MAY 2025

Job openings rates increased in 3 states and decreased in 1 state in May, the U.S. Bureau of Labor 
Statistics reported today. Over the month, hires rates increased in 8 states and decreased in 3 states. 
Total separations rates decreased in 3 states and increased in 1 state. Nationally, the job openings, hires, 
and total separations rates showed little or no change in May.

This release includes estimates of the number and rate of job openings, hires, total separations, quits, and 
layoffs and discharges for the total nonfarm sector and for all states and the District of Columbia. Job 
openings include all positions that are open on the last business day of the month. Hires and separations 
include all changes to the payroll during the entire month. Also included with this release are annual 
JOLTS state levels and rates for 2024.

Job Openings

Job openings rates increased in 3 states, decreased in 1 state, and were little changed in 46 states and 
the District of Columbia in May. The increases in job openings rates occurred in Virginia 
(+1.3 percentage points), Georgia (+1.0 point), and New York (+0.7 point). The decrease occurred in 
New Jersey (-0.7 point). Over the month, the national job openings rate changed little. (See table 1.)

The number of job openings increased in 4 states, decreased in 1 state, and changed little in 45 states 
and the District of Columbia in May. The largest increases in the job openings level occurred in New 
York (+84,000), Virginia (+63,000), and Georgia (+54,000). The decrease occurred in New Jersey 
(-35,000). Nationally, the number of job openings changed little. (See table 1.)

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
|				Revisions to the JOLTS State Estimates					     | 
|													     |
|Effective with this release, the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS) state estimates reflect     |
|annual revisions to JOLTS national estimates, the Current Employment Statistics (CES) employment 	     |
|estimates, and the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW) data. See the box note at the 	     |
|end of the release for more information. In addition, annual estimates for state data series are published  | 
|concurrently with the state annual revisions. (See tables 11 through 20.)				     |											    		    
|____________________________________________________________________________________________________________|


Hires

In May, hires rates increased in 8 states, decreased in 3 states, and were little changed in 39 states and 
the District of Columbia. The largest increases in hires rates occurred in Alaska 
(+1.8 percentage points), Wyoming (+1.7 points), and Idaho (+1.4 points). The decreases occurred in 
North Carolina (-1.6 points), Michigan (-0.8 point), and Indiana (-0.7 point). The national hires rate 
changed little over the month. (See table 2.)

The number of hires increased in 10 states, decreased in 3 states, and was little changed in 37 states and   
the District of Columbia in May. The largest increases in the hires level occurred in Pennsylvania 	     
(+45,000), Arizona (+34,000), and Ohio (+28,000). The decreases occurred in North Carolina (-82,000), 	     
Michigan (-37,000), and Indiana (-21,000). Nationally, the number of hires changed little over the 	     
month. (See table 2.)

Total Separations

In May, total separations rates decreased in 3 states, increased in 1 state, and were little changed in 46 
states and the District of Columbia. The decreases in total separations rates occurred in New Jersey  
(-1.0 percentage point) as well as in California and Florida (-0.6 point each). The increase occurred in 
Colorado (+1.0 point). Over the month, the national total separations rate was unchanged. (See table 3.)

The number of total separations decreased in 4 states, increased in 1 state, and changed little in 45 
states and the District of Columbia in May. The largest decreases in the total separations level occurred 
in California (-104,000), Florida (-64,000), and New Jersey (-44,000). The increase occurred in 
Colorado (+31,000). Nationally, the number of total separations changed little over the month.  
(See table 3.)
 
Quits

In May, quits rates increased in 2 states, decreased in 1 state, and were little changed in 47 states and 
the District of Columbia. The increases in quits rates occurred in Georgia and Virginia 
(+0.6 percentage point each). The decrease occurred in California (-0.3 point). Over the month, the 
national quits rate was little changed. (See table 4.)

The number of quits increased in 2 states, decreased in 1 state, and was little changed in 47 states and 
the District of Columbia in May. The increases in the quits level occurred in Georgia (+31,000) and 
Virginia (+23,000). The decrease occurred in California (-69,000). Nationally, the number of quits 
changed little over the month. (See table 4.)

Layoffs and Discharges 

In May, layoffs and discharges rates decreased in 3 states, increased in 1 state, and were little changed 
in 46 states and the District of Columbia. The decreases in layoffs and discharges rates occurred in New 
Jersey (-0.9 percentage point), Virginia (-0.8 point), and Florida (-0.7 point). The increase occurred in 
Colorado (+0.6 point). The national layoffs and discharges rate was little changed over the month.  
(See table 5.)

The number of layoffs and discharges decreased in 5 states, increased in 1 state, and changed little in 
44 states and the District of Columbia in May. The largest decreases in the layoffs and discharges level 
occurred in Florida (-66,000), New Jersey (-40,000), and Virginia (-31,000). The increase occurred in 
Colorado (+18,000). Nationally, the number of layoffs and discharges changed little over the month. 
(See table 5.)

For more information, please see the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS) interactive 
charts at www.bls.gov/charts/state-job-openings-and-labor-turnover/state-job-openings-rates.htm#.  
_______________	
State Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey estimates for June 2025 are scheduled to be 
released on Wednesday, August 13, 2025, at 10:00 a.m. (ET)   

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
|		  Annual Revisions to the Job Openings and Labor Turnover State Data           		     | 
|													     |
|The JOLTS state data are revised annually to reflect updates to the JOLTS national estimates, the 	     |
|Current Employment Statistics (CES) employment estimates, and the Quarterly Census of Employment 	     |
|and Wages (QCEW) through fourth quarter 2024. This annual benchmarking process results in revisions	     | 
|to both the seasonally adjusted and not seasonally adjusted JOLTS state data series. Seasonally adjusted    | 
|and not seasonally adjusted data from January 2020 forward are subject to revision.			     |
|													     |
|Tables displaying revisions to seasonally adjusted JOLTS state data from January 2024 through April 	     |
|2025 will be available on the JOLTS website later in the day following this release. The website also 	     |
|contains all revised seasonally adjusted and not seasonally adjusted data. The revision tables can be 	     |
|accessed through the JOLTS webpage at www.bls.gov/jlt/jlt-statedata-revisions.htm.			     |
|____________________________________________________________________________________________________________|

Technical Note

This news release presents statistics from the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The JOLTS 
program provides information on labor demand and turnover. Additional information about the JOLTS program can 
be found at www.bls.gov/jlt/. State estimates are published for job openings, hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, and 
total separations. The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments, as well as civilian federal, state, 
and local government entities in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Starting with data for January 2023, 
industries are classified in accordance with the 2022 North American Industry Classification System.

Definitions

Employment. Employment includes persons on the payroll who worked or received pay for the pay period that 
includes the 12th day of the reference month. Full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term, seasonal, salaried, and 
hourly employees are included, as are employees on paid vacation or other paid leave. Proprietors or partners of 
unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, or employees on strike for the entire pay period, and employees 
on leave without pay for the entire pay period are not counted as employed. Employees of temporary help agencies, 
employee leasing companies, outside contractors, and consultants are counted by their employer of record, not by 
the establishment where they are working. JOLTS does not publish employment estimates but uses the reported 
employment for validation of the other reported data elements.

Job Openings. Job openings include all positions that are open on the last business day of the reference month. 
A job is open only if it meets all three of these conditions: 
* A specific position exists and there is work available for that position. The position can be full-time or part-
time, and it can be permanent, short-term, or seasonal. 
* The job could start within 30 days, whether or not the employer can find a suitable candidate during that time. 
* The employer is actively recruiting workers from outside the establishment to fill the position. Active recruiting 
means that the establishment is taking steps to fill a position. It may include advertising in newspapers, on 
television, or on the radio; posting internet notices, posting "help wanted" signs, networking, or making "word-
of-mouth" announcements; accepting applications; interviewing candidates; contacting employment agencies; 
or soliciting employees at job fairs, state or local employment offices, or similar sources.

Excluded are positions open only to internal transfers, promotions or demotions, or recall from layoffs. Also 
excluded are openings for positions with start dates more than 30 days in the future; positions for which employees 
have been hired but the employees have not yet reported for work; and positions to be filled by employees of 
temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The job openings rate is 
computed by dividing the number of job openings by the sum of employment and job openings and multiplying that 
quotient by 100.

Hires. Hires include all additions to the payroll during the entire reference month, including newly hired and 
rehired employees; full-time and part-time employees; permanent, short-term, and seasonal employees; employees 
who were recalled to a job at the location following a layoff (formal suspension from pay status) lasting more than 7 
days; on-call or intermittent employees who returned to work after having been formally separated; workers who 
were hired and separated during the month, and transfers from other locations. Excluded are transfers or promotions 
within the reporting location, employees returning from strike, employees of temporary help agencies, employee 
leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The hires rate is computed by dividing the number of hires by 
employment and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Separations. Separations include all separations from the payroll during the entire reference month and is 
reported by type of separation:  quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Quits include employees who 
left voluntarily, with the exception of retirements or transfers to other locations. Layoffs and discharges includes 
involuntary separations initiated by the employer, such as layoffs with no intent to rehire; layoffs (formal 
suspensions from pay status) lasting or expected to last more than 7 days; discharges resulting from mergers, 
downsizing, or closings; firings or other discharges for cause; terminations of permanent or short-term employees; 
and terminations of seasonal employees (whether or not they are expected to return the next season). Other 
separations include retirements, transfers to other locations, separations due to employee disability; and deaths. 
Other separations comprise less than 8 percent of total separations. Other separations rates are generally very low, 
and other separations variance estimates are relatively high. Consequently, the other separations component is not 
published for states. 

Excluded from separations are transfers within the same location; employees on strike; employees of temporary help 
agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The separations rate is computed by 
dividing the number of separations by employment and multiplying that quotient by 100. The quits and layoffs and 
discharges rates are computed similarly.

State Estimation Method

The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random sample of approximately 21,000 nonfarm business and 
government establishments. The sample is stratified by ownership, region, industry sector, and establishment size 
class. The JOLTS sample of 21,000 establishments does not directly support the production of sample-based state 
estimates. However, state estimates have been produced by combining the available sample with model-based 
estimates.

The state estimates consist of four major estimating models; the Composite Regional model (an unpublished 
intermediate model), the Synthetic model (an unpublished intermediate model), the Composite Synthetic model 
(published historical series through the most current benchmark year), and the Extended Composite Synthetic model 
(published current-year monthly series). The Composite Regional model uses JOLTS microdata, JOLTS regional 
published estimates, and Current Employment Statistics (CES) employment data. The Composite Synthetic model 
uses JOLTS microdata and Synthetic model estimates derived from monthly employment changes in microdata from 
the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW), and JOLTS published regional data. The Extended 
Composite Synthetic model extends the Composite Synthetic estimates by ratio-adjusting the Composite Synthetic 
model by the ratio of the current Composite Regional model estimate to the Composite Regional model estimate 
from the previous year.

The Extended Composite Synthetic model (and its major component-the Composite Regional model) is used 
to extend the Composite Synthetic estimates because all of the inputs required by this model are available at the time 
monthly estimate are produced. In contrast, the Composite Synthetic model (and its major component-the 
Synthetic model) can only be produced when the latest QCEW data are available. The Extended Composite 
Synthetic model estimates are used to extend the Composite Synthetic model estimates during the annual JOLTS
retabulation process. The extension of the Composite Synthetic model using current data-based Composite Regional 
model estimates ensures that the Composite Synthetic model estimates reflect current economic trends.

The Composite Regional approach calculates state-level JOLTS estimates from JOLTS microdata using sample 
weights and the adjustments for non-response. The Composite Regional estimate is then benchmarked to CES state-
supersector employment to produce state-supersector estimates. The JOLTS sample, by itself, cannot ensure a 
reasonably sized sample for each state-supersector cell. The small JOLTS sample results in several state-supersector 
cells that lack enough data to produce a reasonable estimate. To overcome this issue, the state-level estimates 
derived directly from the JOLTS sample are augmented using JOLTS regional estimates when the number of 
respondents is low (that is, less than 30). This approach is known as a composite estimate, which leverages the small 
JOLTS sample to the greatest extent possible and supplements that with a model-based estimate. Previous research 
has found that regional industry estimates are a good proxy at finer levels of geographical detail. That is, one can 
make a reliable prediction of JOLTS estimates at the regional-level using only national industry-level JOLTS rates. 
The assumption in this approach is that one can make a good prediction of JOLTS estimates at the state-level using 
only regional industry-level JOLTS rates.)

In this approach, the JOLTS microdata-based estimate is used, without model augmentation, in all state-
supersector cells that have 30 or more respondents. The JOLTS regional estimate will be used, without a sample-
based component, in all state-supersector cells that have fewer than five respondents. In all state-supersector cells 
with 5 to 30 respondents, an estimate is calculated that is a composition of a weighted estimate of the microdata-
based estimate and a weighted estimate of the JOLTS regional estimate. The weight assigned to the JOLTS data in 
those cells is proportional to the number of JOLTS respondents in the cell (weight=n/30, where n is the number of 
respondents). The sum of state estimates within a region is made equal to the aligned regional JOLTS published 
regional estimates.

Seasonal adjustment. BLS uses the seasonal adjustment program (X-13ARIMA-SEATS) to seasonally adjust 
the JOLTS series. Each month, a concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology uses all relevant data, up to and 
including the current month, to calculate new seasonal adjustment factors. Moving averages are used as seasonal 
filters in seasonal adjustment. JOLTS seasonal adjustment includes both additive and multiplicative models, as well 
as regression with autocorrelated errors (REGARIMA) modeling, to improve the seasonal adjustment factors at the 
beginning and end of the series and to detect and adjust for outliers in the series. 

Annual estimates and benchmarking. The JOLTS state estimates utilize and leverage data from three BLS 
programs; JOLTS, CES, and QCEW. These state estimates are published as a historical series made up of a 
historical annually revised benchmark component ofthe Composite Synthetic model and a current component of the 
Extended Composite Synthetic model that provides monthly "real-time" estimates between lagged benchmarks.

The JOLTS employment levels are ratio-adjusted to the CES employment levels, and the resulting ratios are 
applied to all JOLTS data elements.

The seasonally adjusted estimates are recalculated for the most recent 5 years to reflect updated seasonal 
adjustment factors. These annual updates result in revisions to both the seasonally adjusted and not seasonally 
adjusted JOLTS data series for the period since the last benchmark was established.

Annual levels for hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total separations are the sum of the 
12 published monthly levels. 

Annual average levels for job openings are calculated by dividing the sum of the 12 published monthly levels 
by 12. 

Annual average rates for hires, total separations quits, and layoffs and discharges are calculated by dividing the 
sum of the 12 monthly JOLTS published levels for each data element by the sum of the 12 monthly CES published 
employment levels, and multiplying that quotient by 100. 

Annual average rates for job openings are calculated by dividing the sum of the 12 monthly JOLTS published 
levels by the sum of the 12 monthly CES published employment levels plus the sum of the 12 monthly job openings 
levels, and multiplying that quotient by 100.)

Reliability of the estimates

JOLTS estimates are subject to two types of error:  sampling error and nonsampling error.

Sampling error can result when a sample, rather than an entire population, is surveyed. There is a chance that 
the sample estimates may differ from the true population values they represent. The exact difference, or sampling 
error, varies with the sample selected, and this variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. BLS 
analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence. This means that there is a 90-percent chance 
that the true population mean will fall into the interval created by the sample mean plus or minus 1.65 standard 
errors. Estimates of median standard errors are released monthly as part of the significant change tables on the 
JOLTS webpage. Standard errors are updated annually with the most recent 5 years of data. For sampling error 
estimates, see www.bls.gov/jlt/jolts_median_standard_errors.htm.

Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, including the failure to include a segment of the population, the 
inability to obtain data from all units in the sample, the inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide data on a 
timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, errors made in the collection or processing of the data, and errors from 
the employment benchmark data used in estimation. The JOLTS program uses quality control procedures to reduce 
nonsampling error in the survey's design. 

The JOLTS state variance estimates account for both sampling error and the error attributable to modeling. A 
small area domain model uses a Bayesian approach to develop estimates of JOLTS state variance. The small area 
model uses QCEW-based JOLTS synthetic model data to generate a Bayesian prior distribution, then updates the 
prior distribution using JOLTS microdata and sample-based variance estimates at the state and US Census regional 
level to generate a Bayesian posterior distribution. Once the Bayesian posterior distribution has been generated, 
estimates of JOLTS state variances are made by drawing 2,500 estimates from the Bayesian posterior distribution. 
This Bayesian approach thus indirectly accounts for sampling error and directly for model error.

Other information

If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access telecommunications 
relay services.

Table 1. Job openings levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)						Rates
	May 2024	Feb. 2025	Mar. 2025	Apr. 2025	May 2025(p)	Change from: Apr. 2025 - May 2025(p)	May 2024	Feb. 2025	Mar. 2025	Apr. 2025	May 2025(p)	Change from: Apr. 2025 - May 2025(p)
TOTAL U.S.	7,901	7,480	7,200	7,395	7,769	374	4.8	4.5	4.3	4.4	4.6	0.2
Alabama	117	109	104	114	123	9	5.1	4.7	4.5	4.9	5.3	0.4
Alaska	21	20	20	19	16	-3	5.9	5.6	5.6	5.3	4.5	-0.8
Arizona	164	175	175	161	146	-15	4.8	5.1	5.1	4.7	4.3	-0.4
Arkansas	80	78	73	74	79	5	5.5	5.3	5.0	5.1	5.4	0.3
California	681	671	647	676	626	-50	3.7	3.6	3.5	3.6	3.4	-0.2
Colorado	184	160	138	145	132	-13	5.8	5.1	4.4	4.6	4.2	-0.4
Connecticut	84	81	77	81	76	-5	4.7	4.5	4.3	4.5	4.3	-0.2
Delaware	25	23	23	23	26	3	4.9	4.5	4.5	4.4	5.0	0.6
District of Columbia	33	30	29	29	34	5	4.1	3.8	3.6	3.6	4.2	0.6
Florida	496	473	398	426	470	44	4.8	4.5	3.8	4.1	4.5	0.4
Georgia	261	268	271	279	333	54	5.0	5.1	5.2	5.3	6.3	1.0
Hawaii	28	26	25	23	26	3	4.2	3.9	3.7	3.4	3.8	0.4
Idaho	44	43	42	49	42	-7	4.9	4.7	4.6	5.3	4.5	-0.8
Illinois	343	287	297	277	296	19	5.3	4.5	4.6	4.3	4.6	0.3
Indiana	176	153	149	139	137	-2	5.1	4.5	4.4	4.1	4.0	-0.1
Iowa	69	75	71	67	70	3	4.1	4.5	4.3	4.0	4.2	0.2
Kansas	70	72	76	73	73	0	4.6	4.7	5.0	4.8	4.8	0.0
Kentucky	130	100	100	104	118	14	6.0	4.7	4.6	4.8	5.4	0.6
Louisiana	115	103	93	110	114	4	5.5	4.9	4.4	5.2	5.4	0.2
Maine	42	34	29	36	40	4	6.0	4.9	4.2	5.2	5.7	0.5
Maryland	137	116	128	136	142	6	4.6	3.9	4.3	4.6	4.7	0.1
Massachusetts	207	207	158	184	194	10	5.3	5.3	4.1	4.7	4.9	0.2
Michigan	217	206	220	227	232	5	4.6	4.4	4.6	4.8	4.9	0.1
Minnesota	170	179	183	179	192	13	5.3	5.6	5.7	5.5	5.9	0.4
Mississippi	69	62	61	62	69	7	5.5	4.9	4.8	4.9	5.4	0.5
Missouri	159	154	150	142	158	16	5.0	4.9	4.8	4.5	5.0	0.5
Montana	31	30	28	28	28	0	5.6	5.4	5.1	5.1	5.0	-0.1
Nebraska	47	49	50	45	49	4	4.3	4.4	4.5	4.1	4.4	0.3
Nevada	68	82	67	68	71	3	4.2	5.0	4.1	4.1	4.3	0.2
New Hampshire	39	35	31	36	38	2	5.3	4.7	4.2	4.8	5.1	0.3
New Jersey	227	241	225	246	211	-35	4.9	5.2	4.9	5.3	4.6	-0.7
New Mexico	61	54	49	48	48	0	6.4	5.7	5.2	5.1	5.0	-0.1
New York	477	478	441	497	581	84	4.6	4.6	4.2	4.8	5.5	0.7
North Carolina	288	277	259	295	298	3	5.4	5.2	4.9	5.5	5.5	0.0
North Dakota	24	23	25	22	22	0	5.1	4.9	5.3	4.7	4.7	0.0
Ohio	254	284	296	259	283	24	4.3	4.8	4.9	4.3	4.7	0.4
Oklahoma	105	98	92	101	113	12	5.6	5.2	4.9	5.3	5.9	0.6
Oregon	101	98	94	89	86	-3	4.8	4.7	4.5	4.2	4.1	-0.1
Pennsylvania	324	279	279	291	277	-14	5.0	4.3	4.3	4.5	4.3	-0.2
Rhode Island	29	28	24	28	28	0	5.4	5.2	4.4	5.1	5.1	0.0
South Carolina	144	121	116	125	143	18	5.8	4.8	4.6	4.9	5.6	0.7
South Dakota	23	22	23	21	23	2	4.7	4.5	4.6	4.3	4.6	0.3
Tennessee	170	154	166	163	169	6	4.8	4.4	4.7	4.6	4.7	0.1
Texas	641	578	561	593	649	56	4.3	3.9	3.8	4.0	4.3	0.3
Utah	85	86	79	76	71	-5	4.7	4.6	4.3	4.1	3.8	-0.3
Vermont	17	17	14	17	18	1	5.2	5.1	4.3	5.1	5.4	0.3
Virginia	254	206	208	188	251	63	5.7	4.6	4.6	4.2	5.5	1.3
Washington	151	138	137	127	141	14	4.0	3.6	3.6	3.3	3.7	0.4
West Virginia	50	42	38	47	48	1	6.4	5.5	5.0	6.2	6.3	0.1
Wisconsin	152	138	148	134	146	12	4.8	4.3	4.6	4.2	4.6	0.4
Wyoming	16	17	15	15	14	-1	5.2	5.4	4.8	4.8	4.5	-0.3
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 2. Hires levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)						Rates
	May 2024	Feb. 2025	Mar. 2025	Apr. 2025	May 2025(p)	Change from: Apr. 2025 - May 2025(p)	May 2024	Feb. 2025	Mar. 2025	Apr. 2025	May 2025(p)	Change from: Apr. 2025 - May 2025(p)
TOTAL U.S.	5,573	5,370	5,404	5,615	5,503	-112	3.5	3.4	3.4	3.5	3.4	-0.1
Alabama	86	82	77	79	72	-7	3.9	3.7	3.5	3.6	3.2	-0.4
Alaska	16	17	18	17	23	6	4.8	5.0	5.3	5.0	6.8	1.8
Arizona	118	116	120	123	157	34	3.6	3.6	3.7	3.8	4.8	1.0
Arkansas	57	50	51	52	47	-5	4.2	3.6	3.7	3.8	3.4	-0.4
California	509	513	484	579	555	-24	2.8	2.9	2.7	3.2	3.1	-0.1
Colorado	109	106	146	119	134	15	3.7	3.6	4.9	4.0	4.5	0.5
Connecticut	53	49	54	56	55	-1	3.1	2.9	3.2	3.3	3.2	-0.1
Delaware	20	18	18	19	17	-2	4.1	3.7	3.7	3.8	3.4	-0.4
District of Columbia	21	17	17	19	17	-2	2.7	2.2	2.2	2.5	2.2	-0.3
Florida	370	486	346	404	368	-36	3.7	4.8	3.4	4.0	3.6	-0.4
Georgia	184	154	183	170	167	-3	3.7	3.1	3.7	3.4	3.3	-0.1
Hawaii	23	20	21	21	28	7	3.6	3.1	3.2	3.2	4.3	1.1
Idaho	41	36	38	39	51	12	4.8	4.1	4.3	4.4	5.8	1.4
Illinois	256	200	196	228	209	-19	4.2	3.2	3.2	3.7	3.4	-0.3
Indiana	120	127	154	143	122	-21	3.7	3.9	4.7	4.4	3.7	-0.7
Iowa	51	55	54	54	46	-8	3.2	3.5	3.4	3.4	2.9	-0.5
Kansas	47	51	50	57	48	-9	3.2	3.5	3.4	3.9	3.3	-0.6
Kentucky	79	89	75	80	78	-2	3.9	4.3	3.7	3.9	3.8	-0.1
Louisiana	80	79	74	81	73	-8	4.0	4.0	3.7	4.1	3.6	-0.5
Maine	26	25	25	25	25	0	4.0	3.8	3.8	3.8	3.8	0.0
Maryland	96	90	91	102	85	-17	3.4	3.2	3.2	3.6	3.0	-0.6
Massachusetts	107	113	120	115	98	-17	2.9	3.0	3.2	3.1	2.6	-0.5
Michigan	182	164	209	212	175	-37	4.1	3.6	4.6	4.7	3.9	-0.8
Minnesota	104	94	99	100	98	-2	3.5	3.1	3.2	3.3	3.2	-0.1
Mississippi	48	44	41	46	42	-4	4.0	3.7	3.4	3.8	3.5	-0.3
Missouri	102	90	91	92	93	1	3.4	3.0	3.0	3.1	3.1	0.0
Montana	29	26	26	27	31	4	5.5	5.0	4.9	5.1	5.9	0.8
Nebraska	39	35	37	36	34	-2	3.7	3.3	3.5	3.4	3.2	-0.2
Nevada	64	60	60	62	70	8	4.1	3.8	3.8	3.9	4.4	0.5
New Hampshire	25	24	26	26	26	0	3.6	3.4	3.7	3.7	3.7	0.0
New Jersey	135	153	163	151	157	6	3.1	3.5	3.7	3.4	3.6	0.2
New Mexico	37	37	31	36	40	4	4.2	4.1	3.4	4.0	4.4	0.4
New York	265	295	295	309	306	-3	2.7	3.0	3.0	3.1	3.1	0.0
North Carolina	192	151	161	240	158	-82	3.8	3.0	3.2	4.7	3.1	-1.6
North Dakota	19	17	17	18	19	1	4.3	3.8	3.8	4.0	4.2	0.2
Ohio	210	193	196	190	218	28	3.7	3.4	3.4	3.3	3.8	0.5
Oklahoma	76	64	63	66	61	-5	4.3	3.6	3.5	3.7	3.4	-0.3
Oregon	73	69	64	75	93	18	3.7	3.4	3.2	3.7	4.6	0.9
Pennsylvania	176	159	168	141	186	45	2.9	2.6	2.7	2.3	3.0	0.7
Rhode Island	24	19	19	20	23	3	4.7	3.7	3.7	3.9	4.4	0.5
South Carolina	96	101	100	106	92	-14	4.1	4.2	4.2	4.4	3.8	-0.6
South Dakota	19	17	18	18	17	-1	4.1	3.6	3.8	3.8	3.6	-0.2
Tennessee	165	120	127	120	114	-6	4.9	3.5	3.8	3.5	3.4	-0.1
Texas	509	480	515	463	436	-27	3.6	3.4	3.6	3.2	3.0	-0.2
Utah	71	66	66	68	82	14	4.1	3.7	3.7	3.8	4.6	0.8
Vermont	11	12	13	12	14	2	3.5	3.8	4.1	3.8	4.5	0.7
Virginia	167	143	137	138	163	25	4.0	3.4	3.2	3.2	3.8	0.6
Washington	114	110	110	113	135	22	3.1	3.0	3.0	3.1	3.7	0.6
West Virginia	30	28	25	34	30	-4	4.1	3.9	3.5	4.7	4.2	-0.5
Wisconsin	107	94	102	103	99	-4	3.5	3.1	3.3	3.4	3.2	-0.2
Wyoming	15	13	14	14	19	5	5.1	4.4	4.7	4.7	6.4	1.7
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 3. Total separations levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)						Rates
	May 2024	Feb. 2025	Mar. 2025	Apr. 2025	May 2025(p)	Change from: Apr. 2025 - May 2025(p)	May 2024	Feb. 2025	Mar. 2025	Apr. 2025	May 2025(p)	Change from: Apr. 2025 - May 2025(p)
TOTAL U.S.	5,314	5,316	5,183	5,313	5,242	-71	3.4	3.3	3.3	3.3	3.3	0.0
Alabama	78	80	70	69	77	8	3.6	3.6	3.2	3.1	3.5	0.4
Alaska	17	20	15	16	18	2	5.1	5.9	4.4	4.8	5.3	0.5
Arizona	124	124	121	122	139	17	3.8	3.8	3.7	3.7	4.3	0.6
Arkansas	51	53	47	51	45	-6	3.7	3.8	3.4	3.7	3.3	-0.4
California	567	470	571	613	509	-104	3.2	2.6	3.2	3.4	2.8	-0.6
Colorado	110	99	102	89	120	31	3.7	3.3	3.4	3.0	4.0	1.0
Connecticut	57	54	68	56	51	-5	3.3	3.1	4.0	3.3	3.0	-0.3
Delaware	18	18	18	17	18	1	3.7	3.7	3.7	3.4	3.6	0.2
District of Columbia	19	20	20	20	19	-1	2.5	2.6	2.6	2.6	2.5	-0.1
Florida	349	369	362	417	353	-64	3.5	3.7	3.6	4.1	3.5	-0.6
Georgia	166	178	165	164	171	7	3.3	3.6	3.3	3.3	3.4	0.1
Hawaii	22	22	21	20	22	2	3.4	3.4	3.2	3.1	3.4	0.3
Idaho	39	40	35	34	37	3	4.5	4.6	4.0	3.9	4.2	0.3
Illinois	217	197	203	190	200	10	3.5	3.2	3.3	3.1	3.2	0.1
Indiana	119	132	138	135	128	-7	3.6	4.0	4.2	4.1	3.9	-0.2
Iowa	50	48	60	52	51	-1	3.1	3.0	3.8	3.3	3.2	-0.1
Kansas	49	47	52	49	46	-3	3.4	3.2	3.6	3.4	3.1	-0.3
Kentucky	78	77	64	73	73	0	3.8	3.8	3.1	3.6	3.5	-0.1
Louisiana	82	87	69	72	70	-2	4.1	4.4	3.5	3.6	3.5	-0.1
Maine	24	25	25	24	26	2	3.7	3.8	3.8	3.6	4.0	0.4
Maryland	87	89	85	87	79	-8	3.1	3.1	3.0	3.1	2.8	-0.3
Massachusetts	114	122	110	101	109	8	3.1	3.3	3.0	2.7	2.9	0.2
Michigan	138	162	132	160	160	0	3.1	3.6	2.9	3.5	3.5	0.0
Minnesota	88	94	83	89	90	1	2.9	3.1	2.7	2.9	2.9	0.0
Mississippi	49	43	38	45	40	-5	4.1	3.6	3.2	3.7	3.3	-0.4
Missouri	104	92	94	85	96	11	3.5	3.1	3.1	2.8	3.2	0.4
Montana	33	29	28	22	26	4	6.3	5.5	5.3	4.2	4.9	0.7
Nebraska	36	33	34	36	37	1	3.4	3.1	3.2	3.4	3.5	0.1
Nevada	61	73	58	52	62	10	3.9	4.6	3.7	3.3	3.9	0.6
New Hampshire	27	28	26	25	24	-1	3.9	3.9	3.7	3.5	3.4	-0.1
New Jersey	138	151	144	165	121	-44	3.2	3.4	3.3	3.8	2.8	-1.0
New Mexico	32	33	32	29	32	3	3.6	3.7	3.6	3.2	3.5	0.3
New York	272	281	247	288	302	14	2.8	2.8	2.5	2.9	3.0	0.1
North Carolina	148	164	159	151	156	5	2.9	3.2	3.1	3.0	3.1	0.1
North Dakota	17	19	18	17	17	0	3.8	4.2	4.0	3.8	3.8	0.0
Ohio	192	174	208	213	214	1	3.4	3.1	3.7	3.7	3.8	0.1
Oklahoma	69	59	61	62	63	1	3.9	3.3	3.4	3.4	3.5	0.1
Oregon	74	79	70	72	70	-2	3.7	3.9	3.5	3.6	3.5	-0.1
Pennsylvania	202	167	138	162	187	25	3.3	2.7	2.2	2.6	3.0	0.4
Rhode Island	20	20	19	22	19	-3	3.9	3.9	3.7	4.3	3.7	-0.6
South Carolina	88	91	83	88	87	-1	3.7	3.8	3.5	3.7	3.6	-0.1
South Dakota	18	20	19	18	17	-1	3.8	4.2	4.0	3.8	3.6	-0.2
Tennessee	140	142	116	125	104	-21	4.1	4.2	3.4	3.7	3.1	-0.6
Texas	450	500	497	449	478	29	3.2	3.5	3.5	3.1	3.3	0.2
Utah	75	74	67	71	73	2	4.3	4.2	3.8	4.0	4.1	0.1
Vermont	11	12	11	12	12	0	3.5	3.8	3.5	3.8	3.8	0.0
Virginia	145	157	134	147	145	-2	3.4	3.7	3.1	3.4	3.4	0.0
Washington	110	115	104	105	114	9	3.0	3.1	2.8	2.9	3.1	0.2
West Virginia	28	32	29	28	28	0	3.9	4.5	4.1	3.9	3.9	0.0
Wisconsin	99	93	95	93	96	3	3.3	3.1	3.1	3.0	3.1	0.1
Wyoming	13	13	12	12	13	1	4.4	4.4	4.0	4.0	4.4	0.4
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 4. Quits levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)						Rates
	May 2024	Feb. 2025	Mar. 2025	Apr. 2025	May 2025(p)	Change from: Apr. 2025 - May 2025(p)	May 2024	Feb. 2025	Mar. 2025	Apr. 2025	May 2025(p)	Change from: Apr. 2025 - May 2025(p)
TOTAL U.S.	3,355	3,250	3,344	3,215	3,293	78	2.1	2.0	2.1	2.0	2.1	0.1
Alabama	54	51	47	40	50	10	2.5	2.3	2.1	1.8	2.3	0.5
Alaska	11	9	9	10	11	1	3.3	2.7	2.7	3.0	3.3	0.3
Arizona	75	76	73	76	87	11	2.3	2.3	2.2	2.3	2.7	0.4
Arkansas	35	33	33	30	30	0	2.6	2.4	2.4	2.2	2.2	0.0
California	331	300	373	369	300	-69	1.8	1.7	2.1	2.0	1.7	-0.3
Colorado	64	54	62	60	72	12	2.2	1.8	2.1	2.0	2.4	0.4
Connecticut	32	30	37	32	28	-4	1.9	1.7	2.2	1.9	1.6	-0.3
Delaware	12	11	12	10	12	2	2.5	2.2	2.4	2.0	2.4	0.4
District of Columbia	12	12	14	11	12	1	1.6	1.6	1.8	1.4	1.6	0.2
Florida	211	267	236	243	242	-1	2.1	2.7	2.3	2.4	2.4	0.0
Georgia	114	104	109	88	119	31	2.3	2.1	2.2	1.8	2.4	0.6
Hawaii	13	11	13	13	13	0	2.0	1.7	2.0	2.0	2.0	0.0
Idaho	24	22	22	22	23	1	2.8	2.5	2.5	2.5	2.6	0.1
Illinois	133	118	136	118	127	9	2.2	1.9	2.2	1.9	2.1	0.2
Indiana	75	86	92	86	84	-2	2.3	2.6	2.8	2.6	2.6	0.0
Iowa	31	30	39	32	31	-1	1.9	1.9	2.4	2.0	1.9	-0.1
Kansas	34	31	34	31	29	-2	2.3	2.1	2.3	2.1	2.0	-0.1
Kentucky	56	44	42	41	42	1	2.7	2.1	2.0	2.0	2.0	0.0
Louisiana	51	54	45	43	45	2	2.6	2.7	2.3	2.2	2.2	0.0
Maine	15	14	15	14	14	0	2.3	2.1	2.3	2.1	2.1	0.0
Maryland	57	52	55	45	48	3	2.0	1.8	1.9	1.6	1.7	0.1
Massachusetts	65	57	60	60	59	-1	1.7	1.5	1.6	1.6	1.6	0.0
Michigan	87	97	92	105	105	0	1.9	2.1	2.0	2.3	2.3	0.0
Minnesota	62	58	59	56	56	0	2.1	1.9	1.9	1.8	1.8	0.0
Mississippi	35	28	25	26	26	0	2.9	2.3	2.1	2.2	2.2	0.0
Missouri	75	64	62	56	65	9	2.5	2.1	2.1	1.9	2.2	0.3
Montana	16	15	16	15	16	1	3.0	2.9	3.0	2.8	3.0	0.2
Nebraska	24	21	22	23	22	-1	2.3	2.0	2.1	2.2	2.1	-0.1
Nevada	35	36	34	32	38	6	2.2	2.3	2.2	2.0	2.4	0.4
New Hampshire	16	15	15	15	13	-2	2.3	2.1	2.1	2.1	1.8	-0.3
New Jersey	74	72	74	68	65	-3	1.7	1.6	1.7	1.5	1.5	0.0
New Mexico	20	17	19	19	20	1	2.3	1.9	2.1	2.1	2.2	0.1
New York	166	165	166	180	185	5	1.7	1.7	1.7	1.8	1.9	0.1
North Carolina	99	104	105	80	101	21	2.0	2.1	2.1	1.6	2.0	0.4
North Dakota	12	12	11	11	11	0	2.7	2.7	2.4	2.4	2.4	0.0
Ohio	117	118	134	143	141	-2	2.1	2.1	2.4	2.5	2.5	0.0
Oklahoma	43	40	43	39	42	3	2.4	2.2	2.4	2.2	2.3	0.1
Oregon	46	46	45	48	44	-4	2.3	2.3	2.2	2.4	2.2	-0.2
Pennsylvania	121	103	92	107	114	7	2.0	1.7	1.5	1.7	1.8	0.1
Rhode Island	11	11	11	11	10	-1	2.1	2.1	2.1	2.1	1.9	-0.2
South Carolina	63	60	60	55	58	3	2.7	2.5	2.5	2.3	2.4	0.1
South Dakota	12	13	13	11	11	0	2.6	2.8	2.8	2.3	2.3	0.0
Tennessee	97	81	79	72	66	-6	2.9	2.4	2.3	2.1	1.9	-0.2
Texas	321	316	323	297	308	11	2.3	2.2	2.3	2.1	2.1	0.0
Utah	44	41	42	49	44	-5	2.5	2.3	2.4	2.8	2.5	-0.3
Vermont	7	6	7	7	7	0	2.2	1.9	2.2	2.2	2.2	0.0
Virginia	91	95	93	70	93	23	2.2	2.2	2.2	1.6	2.2	0.6
Washington	65	62	58	65	65	0	1.8	1.7	1.6	1.8	1.8	0.0
West Virginia	19	18	20	16	18	2	2.6	2.5	2.8	2.2	2.5	0.3
Wisconsin	67	62	63	58	60	2	2.2	2.0	2.1	1.9	2.0	0.1
Wyoming	8	7	8	7	8	1	2.7	2.4	2.7	2.4	2.7	0.3
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)						Rates
	May 2024	Feb. 2025	Mar. 2025	Apr. 2025	May 2025(p)	Change from: Apr. 2025 - May 2025(p)	May 2024	Feb. 2025	Mar. 2025	Apr. 2025	May 2025(p)	Change from: Apr. 2025 - May 2025(p)
TOTAL U.S.	1,665	1,780	1,590	1,789	1,601	-188	1.1	1.1	1.0	1.1	1.0	-0.1
Alabama	21	25	20	24	19	-5	1.0	1.1	0.9	1.1	0.9	-0.2
Alaska	6	9	6	4	6	2	1.8	2.7	1.8	1.2	1.8	0.6
Arizona	42	37	41	34	39	5	1.3	1.1	1.3	1.0	1.2	0.2
Arkansas	13	17	12	18	13	-5	1.0	1.2	0.9	1.3	0.9	-0.4
California	209	151	174	212	180	-32	1.2	0.8	1.0	1.2	1.0	-0.2
Colorado	43	40	37	23	41	18	1.4	1.3	1.2	0.8	1.4	0.6
Connecticut	21	20	27	20	19	-1	1.2	1.2	1.6	1.2	1.1	-0.1
Delaware	5	5	5	6	4	-2	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.2	0.8	-0.4
District of Columbia	5	6	6	7	5	-2	0.6	0.8	0.8	0.9	0.7	-0.2
Florida	121	94	111	161	95	-66	1.2	0.9	1.1	1.6	0.9	-0.7
Georgia	44	60	50	63	44	-19	0.9	1.2	1.0	1.3	0.9	-0.4
Hawaii	8	8	8	5	7	2	1.3	1.2	1.2	0.8	1.1	0.3
Idaho	14	14	12	10	12	2	1.6	1.6	1.4	1.1	1.4	0.3
Illinois	73	71	58	66	63	-3	1.2	1.2	0.9	1.1	1.0	-0.1
Indiana	32	42	42	41	37	-4	1.0	1.3	1.3	1.3	1.1	-0.2
Iowa	15	14	18	14	17	3	0.9	0.9	1.1	0.9	1.1	0.2
Kansas	12	13	16	15	14	-1	0.8	0.9	1.1	1.0	1.0	0.0
Kentucky	18	28	19	27	26	-1	0.9	1.4	0.9	1.3	1.3	0.0
Louisiana	25	26	20	24	20	-4	1.3	1.3	1.0	1.2	1.0	-0.2
Maine	7	9	9	8	10	2	1.1	1.4	1.4	1.2	1.5	0.3
Maryland	24	31	26	35	24	-11	0.8	1.1	0.9	1.2	0.8	-0.4
Massachusetts	43	55	36	33	42	9	1.2	1.5	1.0	0.9	1.1	0.2
Michigan	43	55	34	47	48	1	1.0	1.2	0.8	1.0	1.1	0.1
Minnesota	20	33	19	26	27	1	0.7	1.1	0.6	0.9	0.9	0.0
Mississippi	12	12	11	17	11	-6	1.0	1.0	0.9	1.4	0.9	-0.5
Missouri	23	24	26	25	25	0	0.8	0.8	0.9	0.8	0.8	0.0
Montana	16	11	11	6	8	2	3.0	2.1	2.1	1.1	1.5	0.4
Nebraska	10	10	11	11	12	1	0.9	0.9	1.0	1.0	1.1	0.1
Nevada	24	34	21	16	21	5	1.5	2.2	1.3	1.0	1.3	0.3
New Hampshire	10	10	8	9	9	0	1.4	1.4	1.1	1.3	1.3	0.0
New Jersey	57	71	62	87	47	-40	1.3	1.6	1.4	2.0	1.1	-0.9
New Mexico	10	12	11	8	9	1	1.1	1.3	1.2	0.9	1.0	0.1
New York	85	103	66	95	103	8	0.9	1.0	0.7	1.0	1.0	0.0
North Carolina	40	53	49	60	45	-15	0.8	1.0	1.0	1.2	0.9	-0.3
North Dakota	5	6	6	6	5	-1	1.1	1.3	1.3	1.3	1.1	-0.2
Ohio	62	50	63	61	62	1	1.1	0.9	1.1	1.1	1.1	0.0
Oklahoma	22	16	17	18	16	-2	1.2	0.9	0.9	1.0	0.9	-0.1
Oregon	25	26	22	19	20	1	1.3	1.3	1.1	0.9	1.0	0.1
Pennsylvania	70	56	38	49	61	12	1.1	0.9	0.6	0.8	1.0	0.2
Rhode Island	7	8	6	10	7	-3	1.4	1.6	1.2	1.9	1.4	-0.5
South Carolina	22	27	21	28	23	-5	0.9	1.1	0.9	1.2	1.0	-0.2
South Dakota	5	6	5	5	6	1	1.1	1.3	1.1	1.1	1.3	0.2
Tennessee	35	50	31	45	30	-15	1.0	1.5	0.9	1.3	0.9	-0.4
Texas	106	158	157	128	123	-5	0.8	1.1	1.1	0.9	0.9	0.0
Utah	28	29	23	18	22	4	1.6	1.6	1.3	1.0	1.2	0.2
Vermont	4	5	4	4	4	0	1.3	1.6	1.3	1.3	1.3	0.0
Virginia	44	52	36	67	36	-31	1.0	1.2	0.8	1.6	0.8	-0.8
Washington	39	45	42	32	42	10	1.1	1.2	1.1	0.9	1.1	0.2
West Virginia	7	11	8	9	8	-1	1.0	1.5	1.1	1.3	1.1	-0.2
Wisconsin	26	27	27	28	31	3	0.9	0.9	0.9	0.9	1.0	0.1
Wyoming	5	5	4	3	4	1	1.7	1.7	1.3	1.0	1.3	0.3
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 6. Job openings levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)			Rates
	May 2024	Apr. 2025	May 2025(p)	May 2024	Apr. 2025	May 2025(p)
TOTAL U.S.	7,715	7,959	7,604	4.6	4.8	4.5
Alabama	114	116	118	4.9	5.0	5.1
Alaska	31	18	25	8.5	5.2	6.9
Arizona	141	159	121	4.2	4.6	3.6
Arkansas	78	76	77	5.4	5.2	5.3
California	656	748	588	3.5	4.0	3.2
Colorado	164	161	113	5.2	5.1	3.6
Connecticut	88	89	82	4.9	4.9	4.5
Delaware	25	28	27	4.9	5.3	5.1
District of Columbia	30	30	31	3.8	3.8	3.9
Florida	464	468	440	4.5	4.4	4.2
Georgia	251	293	321	4.8	5.6	6.0
Hawaii	25	20	23	3.8	3.0	3.4
Idaho	44	58	40	4.8	6.2	4.3
Illinois	359	311	316	5.5	4.8	4.9
Indiana	174	164	136	5.0	4.8	4.0
Iowa	66	80	67	3.9	4.7	4.0
Kansas	62	84	66	4.1	5.4	4.3
Kentucky	130	107	118	6.0	5.0	5.4
Louisiana	106	122	106	5.1	5.8	5.0
Maine	48	37	47	6.7	5.5	6.7
Maryland	134	163	139	4.5	5.4	4.6
Massachusetts	211	187	201	5.4	4.8	5.1
Michigan	234	253	247	4.9	5.3	5.1
Minnesota	175	189	200	5.5	5.9	6.1
Mississippi	69	67	69	5.5	5.2	5.4
Missouri	142	153	142	4.5	4.8	4.5
Montana	35	30	31	6.2	5.4	5.5
Nebraska	45	49	47	4.1	4.4	4.2
Nevada	68	68	69	4.1	4.1	4.2
New Hampshire	40	36	39	5.3	4.9	5.2
New Jersey	216	253	208	4.7	5.5	4.5
New Mexico	51	51	39	5.5	5.3	4.2
New York	457	505	570	4.4	4.8	5.4
North Carolina	296	324	308	5.5	6.0	5.7
North Dakota	26	22	25	5.6	4.7	5.2
Ohio	243	282	273	4.1	4.7	4.5
Oklahoma	99	113	107	5.3	5.9	5.6
Oregon	91	90	75	4.3	4.3	3.6
Pennsylvania	330	301	284	5.1	4.6	4.3
Rhode Island	30	30	29	5.5	5.4	5.3
South Carolina	140	133	140	5.6	5.2	5.5
South Dakota	28	22	28	5.5	4.4	5.5
Tennessee	160	186	158	4.5	5.2	4.4
Texas	626	628	641	4.2	4.2	4.3
Utah	82	86	67	4.5	4.6	3.6
Vermont	18	17	19	5.5	5.2	5.8
Virginia	242	200	239	5.4	4.5	5.3
Washington	143	140	132	3.8	3.7	3.5
West Virginia	50	55	49	6.4	7.1	6.3
Wisconsin	154	144	150	4.8	4.5	4.7
Wyoming	20	15	17	6.4	4.9	5.5
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 7. Hires levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)			Rates
	May 2024	Apr. 2025	May 2025(p)	May 2024	Apr. 2025	May 2025(p)
TOTAL U.S.	6,255	5,966	6,199	4.0	3.7	3.9
Alabama	99	83	82	4.5	3.7	3.7
Alaska	31	16	38	9.2	4.8	11.2
Arizona	118	127	162	3.6	3.9	5.0
Arkansas	63	52	51	4.6	3.7	3.7
California	498	631	553	2.8	3.5	3.1
Colorado	134	142	170	4.5	4.8	5.7
Connecticut	61	67	64	3.6	3.9	3.7
Delaware	23	22	20	4.8	4.4	4.0
District of Columbia	20	19	17	2.7	2.5	2.2
Florida	374	408	365	3.8	4.0	3.6
Georgia	210	170	189	4.2	3.4	3.8
Hawaii	23	18	30	3.6	2.7	4.5
Idaho	49	46	62	5.6	5.2	7.0
Illinois	292	238	238	4.7	3.9	3.8
Indiana	136	163	138	4.1	5.0	4.2
Iowa	61	62	55	3.8	3.9	3.4
Kansas	54	57	54	3.7	3.9	3.6
Kentucky	88	83	87	4.3	4.0	4.2
Louisiana	87	81	78	4.4	4.0	3.9
Maine	37	27	35	5.6	4.2	5.4
Maryland	103	119	90	3.6	4.2	3.1
Massachusetts	123	121	112	3.3	3.3	3.0
Michigan	222	219	213	4.9	4.8	4.7
Minnesota	133	110	125	4.4	3.6	4.1
Mississippi	50	45	44	4.2	3.7	3.6
Missouri	104	96	94	3.5	3.2	3.1
Montana	40	30	44	7.5	5.8	8.2
Nebraska	42	37	37	3.9	3.5	3.5
Nevada	76	60	84	4.8	3.8	5.3
New Hampshire	31	26	32	4.4	3.7	4.5
New Jersey	154	162	180	3.5	3.7	4.1
New Mexico	38	39	43	4.3	4.3	4.7
New York	313	321	360	3.2	3.2	3.6
North Carolina	230	272	188	4.6	5.3	3.7
North Dakota	26	18	27	5.9	4.0	5.9
Ohio	266	208	278	4.7	3.6	4.9
Oklahoma	77	72	62	4.3	4.0	3.4
Oregon	78	81	100	3.9	4.0	4.9
Pennsylvania	202	152	215	3.3	2.4	3.4
Rhode Island	30	24	28	5.8	4.6	5.5
South Carolina	107	114	101	4.5	4.7	4.2
South Dakota	27	19	25	5.8	4.0	5.2
Tennessee	182	129	130	5.4	3.8	3.8
Texas	548	474	468	3.9	3.3	3.3
Utah	82	74	96	4.7	4.2	5.4
Vermont	14	11	17	4.5	3.4	5.5
Virginia	195	143	191	4.6	3.3	4.5
Washington	123	122	151	3.4	3.3	4.1
West Virginia	36	37	35	4.9	5.2	4.9
Wisconsin	122	110	112	4.0	3.6	3.7
Wyoming	22	14	30	7.6	4.7	9.9
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 8. Total separations levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)			Rates
	May 2024	Apr. 2025	May 2025(p)	May 2024	Apr. 2025	May 2025(p)
TOTAL U.S.	5,292	5,243	5,200	3.3	3.3	3.3
Alabama	83	71	82	3.8	3.2	3.7
Alaska	18	12	18	5.2	3.7	5.2
Arizona	142	140	156	4.4	4.3	4.8
Arkansas	52	52	46	3.8	3.7	3.3
California	572	616	509	3.2	3.4	2.8
Colorado	105	99	115	3.5	3.3	3.9
Connecticut	49	60	45	2.9	3.5	2.6
Delaware	18	15	18	3.6	3.1	3.6
District of Columbia	18	20	18	2.3	2.6	2.3
Florida	394	421	391	4.0	4.2	3.9
Georgia	171	162	175	3.4	3.3	3.5
Hawaii	20	20	20	3.2	3.1	3.1
Idaho	37	32	35	4.3	3.6	3.9
Illinois	208	182	192	3.4	3.0	3.1
Indiana	117	134	124	3.6	4.1	3.8
Iowa	50	47	50	3.1	2.9	3.1
Kansas	50	47	47	3.4	3.2	3.2
Kentucky	79	71	74	3.9	3.5	3.6
Louisiana	85	70	72	4.3	3.5	3.6
Maine	22	23	24	3.4	3.5	3.6
Maryland	75	78	68	2.7	2.7	2.4
Massachusetts	102	91	99	2.7	2.5	2.7
Michigan	136	154	157	3.0	3.4	3.4
Minnesota	86	85	87	2.8	2.8	2.8
Mississippi	52	42	42	4.4	3.5	3.5
Missouri	105	79	98	3.5	2.6	3.2
Montana	31	19	26	5.9	3.5	4.9
Nebraska	38	33	39	3.6	3.1	3.6
Nevada	59	47	59	3.7	3.0	3.7
New Hampshire	27	27	24	3.8	3.8	3.3
New Jersey	102	149	91	2.3	3.4	2.1
New Mexico	29	28	29	3.3	3.1	3.2
New York	262	293	297	2.7	3.0	3.0
North Carolina	153	156	157	3.0	3.1	3.1
North Dakota	18	15	18	4.0	3.3	3.9
Ohio	195	218	217	3.4	3.8	3.8
Oklahoma	72	62	65	4.1	3.4	3.6
Oregon	67	72	63	3.3	3.6	3.1
Pennsylvania	197	164	186	3.2	2.6	3.0
Rhode Island	19	20	18	3.6	4.0	3.5
South Carolina	86	86	84	3.7	3.6	3.4
South Dakota	18	16	17	3.7	3.5	3.5
Tennessee	143	120	106	4.2	3.5	3.1
Texas	441	425	461	3.1	3.0	3.2
Utah	77	81	75	4.4	4.6	4.2
Vermont	14	15	15	4.5	4.8	4.9
Virginia	160	140	159	3.8	3.3	3.7
Washington	93	104	97	2.6	2.8	2.6
West Virginia	28	28	28	3.8	4.0	3.8
Wisconsin	101	92	97	3.3	3.0	3.2
Wyoming	13	11	12	4.2	3.9	4.0
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 9. Quits levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)			Rates
	May 2024	Apr. 2025	May 2025(p)	May 2024	Apr. 2025	May 2025(p)
TOTAL U.S.	3,461	3,286	3,427	2.2	2.1	2.1
Alabama	57	44	54	2.6	2.0	2.4
Alaska	11	8	11	3.2	2.4	3.2
Arizona	83	88	96	2.6	2.7	2.9
Arkansas	36	31	30	2.6	2.2	2.2
California	351	380	317	2.0	2.1	1.8
Colorado	65	64	73	2.2	2.2	2.4
Connecticut	30	35	27	1.8	2.1	1.6
Delaware	12	9	13	2.5	1.9	2.6
District of Columbia	11	11	11	1.4	1.4	1.5
Florida	228	262	260	2.3	2.6	2.6
Georgia	118	90	125	2.4	1.8	2.5
Hawaii	13	13	13	2.1	2.0	2.1
Idaho	24	21	23	2.7	2.4	2.6
Illinois	132	113	129	2.1	1.8	2.1
Indiana	77	89	87	2.4	2.7	2.6
Iowa	35	30	35	2.2	1.8	2.2
Kansas	37	31	33	2.5	2.1	2.2
Kentucky	57	41	43	2.8	2.0	2.1
Louisiana	53	42	47	2.7	2.1	2.3
Maine	15	14	15	2.3	2.1	2.2
Maryland	51	43	44	1.8	1.5	1.5
Massachusetts	60	57	57	1.6	1.5	1.5
Michigan	94	102	113	2.1	2.3	2.5
Minnesota	63	55	58	2.1	1.8	1.9
Mississippi	37	25	28	3.1	2.1	2.3
Missouri	79	51	70	2.6	1.7	2.3
Montana	17	12	17	3.2	2.3	3.3
Nebraska	28	22	25	2.6	2.1	2.3
Nevada	34	29	37	2.2	1.8	2.3
New Hampshire	18	16	15	2.6	2.3	2.2
New Jersey	64	75	58	1.5	1.7	1.3
New Mexico	18	18	19	2.1	2.0	2.1
New York	180	187	206	1.8	1.9	2.1
North Carolina	102	90	104	2.0	1.8	2.0
North Dakota	13	9	12	2.9	2.1	2.6
Ohio	126	156	152	2.2	2.7	2.7
Oklahoma	44	39	44	2.5	2.1	2.4
Oregon	42	48	41	2.1	2.4	2.0
Pennsylvania	121	108	117	2.0	1.7	1.9
Rhode Island	12	10	12	2.4	2.0	2.3
South Carolina	61	55	56	2.6	2.3	2.3
South Dakota	13	11	12	2.8	2.3	2.4
Tennessee	99	72	69	2.9	2.1	2.0
Texas	319	297	307	2.3	2.1	2.1
Utah	50	55	50	2.9	3.1	2.8
Vermont	9	9	10	3.0	2.9	3.2
Virginia	102	73	106	2.4	1.7	2.5
Washington	55	63	56	1.5	1.7	1.5
West Virginia	20	18	19	2.7	2.5	2.6
Wisconsin	73	57	65	2.4	1.9	2.1
Wyoming	8	7	8	2.8	2.4	2.7
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 10. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)			Rates
	May 2024	Apr. 2025	May 2025(p)	May 2024	Apr. 2025	May 2025(p)
TOTAL U.S.	1,555	1,659	1,434	1.0	1.0	0.9
Alabama	22	22	20	1.0	1.0	0.9
Alaska	6	3	5	1.7	1.0	1.5
Arizona	54	39	48	1.7	1.2	1.5
Arkansas	14	18	13	1.1	1.3	0.9
California	197	205	167	1.1	1.1	0.9
Colorado	37	28	36	1.3	1.0	1.2
Connecticut	16	22	14	0.9	1.3	0.8
Delaware	5	5	4	0.9	1.0	0.7
District of Columbia	6	7	4	0.7	0.9	0.6
Florida	149	147	116	1.5	1.5	1.1
Georgia	44	59	41	0.9	1.2	0.8
Hawaii	6	5	5	1.0	0.8	0.8
Idaho	12	9	9	1.3	1.0	1.1
Illinois	68	62	56	1.1	1.0	0.9
Indiana	27	39	30	0.8	1.2	0.9
Iowa	11	12	13	0.7	0.7	0.8
Kansas	11	13	11	0.7	0.9	0.8
Kentucky	19	25	26	0.9	1.2	1.3
Louisiana	26	23	20	1.3	1.1	1.0
Maine	6	8	8	0.9	1.2	1.2
Maryland	20	28	19	0.7	1.0	0.7
Massachusetts	38	28	36	1.0	0.8	1.0
Michigan	35	44	36	0.8	1.0	0.8
Minnesota	17	24	22	0.6	0.8	0.7
Mississippi	13	14	11	1.1	1.2	0.9
Missouri	21	24	21	0.7	0.8	0.7
Montana	13	5	7	2.5	0.9	1.3
Nebraska	9	8	10	0.8	0.8	1.0
Nevada	23	15	19	1.4	0.9	1.2
New Hampshire	7	9	7	1.1	1.3	1.0
New Jersey	33	66	26	0.8	1.5	0.6
New Mexico	9	8	7	1.0	0.8	0.8
New York	63	95	78	0.6	1.0	0.8
North Carolina	43	56	44	0.9	1.1	0.9
North Dakota	4	4	4	0.9	0.9	1.0
Ohio	50	54	49	0.9	0.9	0.9
Oklahoma	25	20	17	1.4	1.1	1.0
Oregon	21	17	17	1.1	0.8	0.8
Pennsylvania	66	50	57	1.1	0.8	0.9
Rhode Island	5	9	5	1.0	1.7	1.0
South Carolina	22	26	22	0.9	1.1	0.9
South Dakota	4	4	4	0.8	0.9	0.9
Tennessee	36	40	29	1.1	1.2	0.9
Texas	99	109	107	0.7	0.8	0.7
Utah	24	22	19	1.4	1.2	1.1
Vermont	4	5	4	1.3	1.7	1.4
Virginia	49	57	38	1.2	1.3	0.9
Washington	32	31	34	0.9	0.8	0.9
West Virginia	7	9	7	0.9	1.2	0.9
Wisconsin	23	25	26	0.7	0.8	0.8
Wyoming	3	3	3	1.2	1.1	1.0
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 11. Annual average job openings levels for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted(1) [in thousands]

State	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
TOTAL U.S.	6,358	9,979	11,180	9,270	7,780
Alabama	96	141	155	135	118
Alaska	18	28	31	26	23
Arizona	147	207	239	196	171
Arkansas	57	85	100	87	80
California	671	1,037	1,246	874	675
Colorado	109	196	226	221	176
Connecticut	59	96	121	91	81
Delaware	21	31	37	31	26
District of Columbia	29	43	45	40	35
Florida	379	603	676	604	483
Georgia	232	381	420	347	267
Hawaii	25	38	39	32	28
Idaho	37	57	65	55	45
Illinois	236	373	438	385	320
Indiana	139	216	219	167	152
Iowa	65	100	115	88	72
Kansas	62	86	101	81	72
Kentucky	94	147	161	124	125
Louisiana	90	131	154	139	110
Maine	27	43	46	43	35
Maryland	139	202	213	188	155
Massachusetts	143	245	284	248	196
Michigan	193	336	322	254	219
Minnesota	113	179	221	191	169
Mississippi	55	81	89	82	67
Missouri	119	185	209	173	169
Montana	24	39	45	36	31
Nebraska	45	63	71	60	48
Nevada	65	108	106	95	72
New Hampshire	31	51	54	42	37
New Jersey	185	278	267	227	208
New Mexico	39	63	69	58	54
New York	337	548	554	446	465
North Carolina	215	338	379	333	274
North Dakota	19	28	31	29	24
Ohio	236	353	404	338	275
Oklahoma	81	114	127	119	103
Oregon	93	138	145	118	103
Pennsylvania	250	407	447	373	298
Rhode Island	21	35	38	31	28
South Carolina	110	169	180	172	146
South Dakota	19	30	32	28	23
Tennessee	144	223	263	229	177
Texas	483	856	988	795	633
Utah	70	105	120	103	81
Vermont	13	22	24	18	16
Virginia	198	278	323	282	253
Washington	133	203	231	170	152
West Virginia	43	54	62	55	47
Wisconsin	131	189	225	194	148
Wyoming	13	21	24	19	16
Footnotes (1) The annual average job openings level is equal to the sum of the 12 monthly job openings levels divided by 12.
NOTE: Data incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.

Table 12. Annual average job openings rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted(1) [percent]

State	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
TOTAL U.S.	4.3	6.4	6.8	5.6	4.7
Alabama	4.6	6.5	6.8	5.9	5.1
Alaska	5.7	8.3	8.9	7.4	6.3
Arizona	4.9	6.5	7.1	5.8	5.0
Arkansas	4.3	6.2	7.0	6.1	5.5
California	4.0	5.8	6.6	4.7	3.6
Colorado	4.0	6.7	7.3	7.0	5.6
Connecticut	3.6	5.6	6.8	5.1	4.5
Delaware	4.6	6.5	7.3	6.0	5.0
District of Columbia	3.8	5.5	5.6	5.0	4.3
Florida	4.2	6.3	6.7	5.8	4.6
Georgia	5.0	7.6	8.0	6.6	5.1
Hawaii	4.3	6.1	6.0	4.8	4.1
Idaho	4.7	6.7	7.3	6.1	5.0
Illinois	4.0	6.0	6.8	5.9	5.0
Indiana	4.4	6.6	6.4	4.9	4.5
Iowa	4.1	6.1	6.8	5.2	4.3
Kansas	4.4	5.9	6.6	5.3	4.7
Kentucky	4.9	7.2	7.6	5.8	5.8
Louisiana	4.6	6.5	7.4	6.6	5.3
Maine	4.3	6.5	6.8	6.2	5.1
Maryland	5.1	7.0	7.2	6.3	5.2
Massachusetts	4.0	6.5	7.2	6.3	5.0
Michigan	4.6	7.4	6.9	5.4	4.7
Minnesota	3.9	5.9	7.0	6.0	5.3
Mississippi	4.7	6.6	7.1	6.5	5.3
Missouri	4.1	6.1	6.7	5.5	5.4
Montana	4.9	7.3	8.1	6.5	5.6
Nebraska	4.4	5.9	6.5	5.4	4.4
Nevada	4.8	7.3	6.6	5.8	4.4
New Hampshire	4.6	7.2	7.3	5.7	5.0
New Jersey	4.6	6.4	5.9	5.0	4.5
New Mexico	4.7	7.1	7.5	6.2	5.8
New York	3.7	5.7	5.5	4.4	4.5
North Carolina	4.6	6.8	7.3	6.3	5.2
North Dakota	4.4	6.3	6.7	6.1	5.1
Ohio	4.3	6.1	6.8	5.7	4.6
Oklahoma	4.8	6.5	6.9	6.3	5.5
Oregon	4.8	6.8	6.9	5.6	4.9
Pennsylvania	4.3	6.6	6.9	5.8	4.6
Rhode Island	4.3	6.8	7.1	5.7	5.2
South Carolina	5.0	7.2	7.4	6.9	5.8
South Dakota	4.3	6.3	6.5	5.7	4.6
Tennessee	4.6	6.7	7.5	6.4	5.0
Texas	3.8	6.3	6.8	5.4	4.3
Utah	4.4	6.1	6.7	5.6	4.4
Vermont	4.4	7.0	7.2	5.5	4.9
Virginia	4.9	6.6	7.4	6.3	5.6
Washington	3.9	5.7	6.2	4.5	4.0
West Virginia	6.1	7.4	8.2	7.1	6.2
Wisconsin	4.4	6.1	7.0	6.0	4.6
Wyoming	4.7	7.1	7.6	6.0	5.2
Footnotes (1) The annual average job openings rate is equal to the sum of the 12 monthly job openings levels as a percent of the sum of the 12 monthly CES employment levels and the sum of the 12 monthly job openings levels.
NOTE: Data incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.

Table 13. Annual hires levels for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted(1) [in thousands]

State	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
TOTAL U.S.	72,551	76,131	76,811	70,325	65,253
Alabama	1,005	1,163	1,238	1,108	966
Alaska	212	229	247	220	222
Arizona	1,510	1,582	1,809	1,576	1,403
Arkansas	666	750	775	711	649
California	7,956	7,965	7,602	6,638	6,193
Colorado	1,465	1,546	1,549	1,347	1,317
Connecticut	767	724	739	706	659
Delaware	247	268	298	267	233
District of Columbia	240	276	281	280	238
Florida	4,269	4,841	4,937	4,791	4,639
Georgia	2,385	2,915	3,186	2,680	2,227
Hawaii	299	301	280	242	254
Idaho	493	485	518	462	469
Illinois	2,789	3,165	3,051	2,711	2,560
Indiana	1,670	1,723	1,688	1,542	1,447
Iowa	716	760	743	676	611
Kansas	588	686	673	615	571
Kentucky	1,123	1,209	1,177	1,051	895
Louisiana	978	1,133	1,151	1,183	984
Maine	303	311	315	312	289
Maryland	1,183	1,146	1,400	1,372	1,177
Massachusetts	1,500	1,555	1,556	1,429	1,312
Michigan	2,415	2,477	2,102	1,893	1,989
Minnesota	1,166	1,219	1,303	1,294	1,159
Mississippi	635	667	687	622	552
Missouri	1,430	1,400	1,319	1,205	1,212
Montana	311	334	353	301	320
Nebraska	475	492	474	468	426
Nevada	945	954	880	732	748
New Hampshire	320	348	358	341	303
New Jersey	2,183	1,938	1,910	1,908	1,667
New Mexico	399	478	452	389	397
New York	3,644	3,681	3,672	3,397	3,275
North Carolina	2,668	2,826	2,830	2,366	2,222
North Dakota	227	236	225	220	206
Ohio	2,789	2,643	2,669	2,409	2,315
Oklahoma	867	936	1,046	994	882
Oregon	1,000	1,033	1,057	913	873
Pennsylvania	2,500	2,540	2,366	2,221	2,284
Rhode Island	265	267	258	251	246
South Carolina	1,241	1,246	1,327	1,295	1,212
South Dakota	206	228	233	226	206
Tennessee	1,749	1,777	1,966	1,733	1,675
Texas	6,407	7,213	7,404	7,082	5,965
Utah	838	853	918	804	791
Vermont	155	155	153	145	137
Virginia	1,920	1,974	2,057	2,039	1,784
Washington	1,550	1,578	1,627	1,320	1,355
West Virginia	386	392	428	400	376
Wisconsin	1,317	1,334	1,333	1,271	1,198
Wyoming	163	178	185	158	161
Footnotes (1) The annual hires level is the sum of the 12 monthly hires levels.
NOTE: Data incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.

Table 14. Annual average hires rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted(1) [percent]

State	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
TOTAL U.S.	4.3	4.3	4.2	3.8	3.4
Alabama	4.2	4.7	4.9	4.3	3.7
Alaska	5.8	6.1	6.5	5.6	5.5
Arizona	4.4	4.4	4.8	4.1	3.6
Arkansas	4.4	4.9	4.9	4.4	4.0
California	4.1	4.0	3.6	3.1	2.9
Colorado	4.6	4.7	4.5	3.8	3.7
Connecticut	4.1	3.7	3.7	3.5	3.2
Delaware	4.7	4.9	5.3	4.6	4.0
District of Columbia	2.7	3.1	3.1	3.0	2.6
Florida	4.2	4.5	4.4	4.1	3.9
Georgia	4.5	5.3	5.5	4.5	3.7
Hawaii	4.4	4.3	3.8	3.2	3.3
Idaho	5.4	5.1	5.2	4.5	4.5
Illinois	4.1	4.5	4.2	3.7	3.5
Indiana	4.6	4.7	4.4	4.0	3.7
Iowa	4.0	4.1	3.9	3.5	3.2
Kansas	3.6	4.1	4.0	3.6	3.3
Kentucky	5.1	5.3	5.0	4.3	3.7
Louisiana	4.4	5.0	5.0	5.0	4.1
Maine	4.2	4.2	4.1	4.0	3.7
Maryland	3.8	3.6	4.3	4.1	3.5
Massachusetts	3.7	3.7	3.5	3.2	2.9
Michigan	5.0	4.9	4.0	3.5	3.7
Minnesota	3.5	3.6	3.7	3.6	3.2
Mississippi	4.8	4.9	4.9	4.4	3.9
Missouri	4.3	4.1	3.8	3.4	3.4
Montana	5.5	5.7	5.8	4.8	5.1
Nebraska	4.0	4.1	3.8	3.7	3.4
Nevada	6.1	5.8	4.9	4.0	4.0
New Hampshire	4.2	4.4	4.3	4.1	3.6
New Jersey	4.7	4.0	3.7	3.7	3.2
New Mexico	4.2	4.9	4.4	3.7	3.7
New York	3.4	3.4	3.2	2.9	2.8
North Carolina	5.0	5.1	4.9	4.0	3.7
North Dakota	4.6	4.7	4.4	4.2	3.8
Ohio	4.4	4.1	4.0	3.6	3.4
Oklahoma	4.4	4.7	5.1	4.7	4.1
Oregon	4.6	4.6	4.5	3.8	3.7
Pennsylvania	3.7	3.7	3.3	3.0	3.1
Rhode Island	4.8	4.6	4.3	4.1	4.0
South Carolina	5.0	4.8	4.9	4.7	4.3
South Dakota	4.0	4.3	4.3	4.1	3.7
Tennessee	4.8	4.8	5.0	4.3	4.1
Texas	4.3	4.7	4.6	4.2	3.5
Utah	4.5	4.4	4.6	3.9	3.8
Vermont	4.5	4.4	4.2	3.9	3.7
Virginia	4.1	4.2	4.2	4.1	3.5
Washington	3.9	3.9	3.8	3.1	3.1
West Virginia	4.8	4.8	5.1	4.7	4.4
Wisconsin	3.9	3.8	3.7	3.5	3.3
Wyoming	5.0	5.3	5.4	4.5	4.6
Footnotes (1) The annual average hires rate is equal to the sum of the 12 monthly hires levels as a percent of the sum of the 12 monthly CES employment levels.
NOTE: Data incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.

Table 15. Annual total separations levels for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted(1) [in thousands]

State	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
TOTAL U.S.	80,882	68,896	72,236	67,807	63,232
Alabama	1,016	1,105	1,148	1,043	904
Alaska	225	227	250	217	187
Arizona	1,535	1,466	1,698	1,558	1,377
Arkansas	693	688	710	669	586
California	8,944	7,125	7,516	6,637	6,517
Colorado	1,764	1,486	1,517	1,237	1,396
Connecticut	855	616	672	651	616
Delaware	267	251	274	254	223
District of Columbia	306	244	300	279	236
Florida	4,890	4,401	4,951	4,756	4,447
Georgia	2,692	2,863	3,117	2,463	2,051
Hawaii	368	258	254	245	245
Idaho	454	450	487	457	438
Illinois	3,346	2,777	2,731	2,472	2,368
Indiana	1,857	1,612	1,591	1,525	1,448
Iowa	780	710	715	679	613
Kansas	689	623	628	613	573
Kentucky	1,177	1,119	1,076	985	866
Louisiana	1,135	1,038	1,079	1,105	956
Maine	325	294	287	300	253
Maryland	1,305	1,045	1,352	1,260	1,131
Massachusetts	1,746	1,376	1,323	1,125	1,152
Michigan	2,706	2,156	1,863	1,839	1,903
Minnesota	1,410	1,106	1,235	1,255	1,055
Mississippi	679	676	690	621	531
Missouri	1,627	1,352	1,333	1,201	1,206
Montana	306	311	338	307	288
Nebraska	521	457	441	448	421
Nevada	1,199	767	783	722	724
New Hampshire	345	324	348	307	293
New Jersey	2,452	1,663	1,828	1,777	1,609
New Mexico	468	402	420	372	376
New York	4,306	3,182	3,334	3,354	3,244
North Carolina	2,686	2,616	2,555	2,391	1,987
North Dakota	284	212	217	215	202
Ohio	3,057	2,418	2,516	2,445	2,348
Oklahoma	940	868	899	898	768
Oregon	1,170	941	956	880	813
Pennsylvania	3,015	2,263	2,263	2,196	2,304
Rhode Island	285	225	239	226	235
South Carolina	1,241	1,150	1,220	1,195	1,123
South Dakota	230	202	210	214	196
Tennessee	1,820	1,727	1,892	1,679	1,597
Texas	7,024	6,364	6,693	6,726	5,917
Utah	814	792	844	807	770
Vermont	177	148	147	137	131
Virginia	1,942	1,733	1,888	1,941	1,678
Washington	1,723	1,293	1,528	1,340	1,317
West Virginia	419	377	407	380	350
Wisconsin	1,473	1,235	1,289	1,247	1,113
Wyoming	181	174	184	160	146
Footnotes (1) The annual total separations level is the sum of the 12 monthly total separations levels.
NOTE: Data incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.

Table 16. Annual average total separations rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted(1) [percent]

State	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
TOTAL U.S.	4.7	3.9	3.9	3.6	3.3
Alabama	4.2	4.5	4.5	4.0	3.4
Alaska	6.2	6.1	6.5	5.5	4.7
Arizona	4.5	4.1	4.5	4.1	3.5
Arkansas	4.6	4.5	4.5	4.1	3.6
California	4.6	3.5	3.5	3.1	3.0
Colorado	5.5	4.5	4.4	3.5	3.9
Connecticut	4.5	3.2	3.4	3.2	3.0
Delaware	5.1	4.6	4.9	4.4	3.8
District of Columbia	3.4	2.8	3.3	3.0	2.6
Florida	4.8	4.1	4.4	4.1	3.7
Georgia	5.1	5.2	5.4	4.2	3.4
Hawaii	5.5	3.7	3.4	3.2	3.2
Idaho	5.0	4.7	4.9	4.5	4.2
Illinois	4.9	4.0	3.8	3.4	3.2
Indiana	5.2	4.4	4.2	3.9	3.7
Iowa	4.3	3.8	3.8	3.6	3.2
Kansas	4.2	3.8	3.7	3.5	3.3
Kentucky	5.3	4.9	4.6	4.1	3.5
Louisiana	5.1	4.6	4.7	4.7	4.0
Maine	4.5	3.9	3.7	3.8	3.2
Maryland	4.2	3.3	4.1	3.8	3.3
Massachusetts	4.3	3.2	3.0	2.5	2.6
Michigan	5.6	4.3	3.6	3.4	3.5
Minnesota	4.2	3.2	3.5	3.5	2.9
Mississippi	5.1	5.0	4.9	4.4	3.7
Missouri	4.9	4.0	3.8	3.4	3.4
Montana	5.4	5.3	5.5	4.9	4.6
Nebraska	4.4	3.8	3.6	3.6	3.3
Nevada	7.8	4.6	4.4	3.9	3.8
New Hampshire	4.5	4.1	4.2	3.7	3.5
New Jersey	5.3	3.4	3.6	3.4	3.1
New Mexico	4.9	4.1	4.1	3.5	3.5
New York	4.1	2.9	2.9	2.9	2.7
North Carolina	5.1	4.7	4.4	4.0	3.3
North Dakota	5.7	4.2	4.2	4.1	3.8
Ohio	4.8	3.7	3.8	3.6	3.5
Oklahoma	4.8	4.4	4.4	4.3	3.6
Oregon	5.3	4.2	4.1	3.7	3.4
Pennsylvania	4.5	3.3	3.2	3.0	3.1
Rhode Island	5.1	3.9	4.0	3.7	3.8
South Carolina	5.0	4.4	4.5	4.3	4.0
South Dakota	4.5	3.8	3.9	3.9	3.5
Tennessee	5.0	4.6	4.8	4.2	3.9
Texas	4.8	4.2	4.1	4.0	3.5
Utah	4.4	4.1	4.2	3.9	3.7
Vermont	5.1	4.2	4.0	3.7	3.5
Virginia	4.2	3.7	3.9	3.9	3.3
Washington	4.4	3.2	3.6	3.1	3.0
West Virginia	5.2	4.6	4.9	4.5	4.1
Wisconsin	4.3	3.6	3.6	3.4	3.1
Wyoming	5.5	5.2	5.4	4.6	4.1
Footnotes (1) The annual average total separations rate is equal to the sum of the 12 monthly total separations levels as a percent of the sum of the 12 monthly CES employment levels.
NOTE: Data incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.

Table 17. Annual quits levels for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted(1) [in thousands]

State	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
TOTAL U.S.	35,942	47,577	50,509	44,166	39,198
Alabama	571	766	829	709	597
Alaska	101	160	165	143	118
Arizona	786	1,110	1,275	1,059	857
Arkansas	378	491	508	457	377
California	3,464	4,749	5,128	4,020	3,826
Colorado	722	1,020	1,001	814	875
Connecticut	300	399	443	398	348
Delaware	136	175	197	168	145
District of Columbia	149	153	199	184	147
Florida	2,471	3,200	3,616	3,299	3,082
Georgia	1,418	2,024	2,227	1,743	1,319
Hawaii	158	180	179	162	152
Idaho	218	330	338	314	276
Illinois	1,479	1,852	1,774	1,566	1,397
Indiana	850	1,160	1,148	1,012	940
Iowa	363	492	506	442	389
Kansas	324	443	447	403	359
Kentucky	593	781	787	695	554
Louisiana	568	744	766	743	585
Maine	129	195	195	183	152
Maryland	597	699	905	824	675
Massachusetts	592	884	909	671	643
Michigan	1,142	1,492	1,338	1,131	1,114
Minnesota	555	779	871	818	662
Mississippi	359	485	483	416	355
Missouri	817	987	924	800	794
Montana	141	221	236	203	176
Nebraska	261	321	306	285	263
Nevada	414	508	542	475	444
New Hampshire	126	207	215	184	157
New Jersey	912	1,070	1,158	968	812
New Mexico	209	282	286	243	234
New York	1,506	1,938	2,135	1,878	1,897
North Carolina	1,264	1,772	1,776	1,563	1,224
North Dakota	123	141	145	139	121
Ohio	1,366	1,653	1,670	1,555	1,435
Oklahoma	470	614	654	622	494
Oregon	471	667	670	589	519
Pennsylvania	1,087	1,446	1,558	1,381	1,348
Rhode Island	95	146	157	132	129
South Carolina	667	810	902	820	741
South Dakota	104	145	148	139	124
Tennessee	929	1,199	1,354	1,137	1,027
Texas	3,532	4,604	5,052	4,725	3,882
Utah	395	588	613	551	486
Vermont	59	93	99	86	75
Virginia	936	1,220	1,312	1,285	1,048
Washington	711	903	1,039	845	785
West Virginia	211	264	294	256	233
Wisconsin	642	892	901	823	710
Wyoming	79	122	128	107	90
Footnotes (1) The annual quits level is the sum of the 12 monthly quits levels.
NOTE: Data incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.

Table 18. Annual average quits rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted(1) [percent]

State	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
TOTAL U.S.	2.1	2.7	2.8	2.4	2.1
Alabama	2.4	3.1	3.3	2.7	2.3
Alaska	2.8	4.3	4.3	3.6	2.9
Arizona	2.3	3.1	3.4	2.8	2.2
Arkansas	2.5	3.2	3.2	2.8	2.3
California	1.8	2.4	2.4	1.9	1.8
Colorado	2.3	3.1	2.9	2.3	2.5
Connecticut	1.6	2.1	2.2	2.0	1.7
Delaware	2.6	3.2	3.5	2.9	2.5
District of Columbia	1.7	1.7	2.2	2.0	1.6
Florida	2.4	3.0	3.2	2.8	2.6
Georgia	2.7	3.7	3.9	3.0	2.2
Hawaii	2.4	2.6	2.4	2.1	2.0
Idaho	2.4	3.5	3.4	3.1	2.7
Illinois	2.2	2.7	2.5	2.1	1.9
Indiana	2.4	3.1	3.0	2.6	2.4
Iowa	2.0	2.7	2.7	2.3	2.0
Kansas	2.0	2.7	2.6	2.3	2.1
Kentucky	2.7	3.4	3.3	2.9	2.3
Louisiana	2.6	3.3	3.3	3.2	2.5
Maine	1.8	2.6	2.5	2.3	1.9
Maryland	1.9	2.2	2.8	2.5	2.0
Massachusetts	1.5	2.1	2.1	1.5	1.4
Michigan	2.4	3.0	2.6	2.1	2.1
Minnesota	1.7	2.3	2.5	2.3	1.8
Mississippi	2.7	3.6	3.5	2.9	2.5
Missouri	2.5	2.9	2.6	2.2	2.2
Montana	2.5	3.7	3.9	3.3	2.8
Nebraska	2.2	2.7	2.5	2.3	2.1
Nevada	2.7	3.1	3.0	2.6	2.4
New Hampshire	1.6	2.6	2.6	2.2	1.9
New Jersey	2.0	2.2	2.3	1.9	1.6
New Mexico	2.2	2.9	2.8	2.3	2.2
New York	1.4	1.8	1.9	1.6	1.6
North Carolina	2.4	3.2	3.1	2.6	2.0
North Dakota	2.5	2.8	2.8	2.6	2.3
Ohio	2.2	2.6	2.5	2.3	2.1
Oklahoma	2.4	3.1	3.2	2.9	2.3
Oregon	2.1	3.0	2.9	2.5	2.2
Pennsylvania	1.6	2.1	2.2	1.9	1.8
Rhode Island	1.7	2.5	2.6	2.2	2.1
South Carolina	2.7	3.1	3.3	3.0	2.6
South Dakota	2.0	2.7	2.7	2.5	2.2
Tennessee	2.6	3.2	3.5	2.8	2.5
Texas	2.4	3.0	3.1	2.8	2.3
Utah	2.1	3.0	3.0	2.7	2.3
Vermont	1.7	2.6	2.7	2.3	2.0
Virginia	2.0	2.6	2.7	2.6	2.1
Washington	1.8	2.2	2.5	2.0	1.8
West Virginia	2.6	3.2	3.5	3.0	2.7
Wisconsin	1.9	2.6	2.5	2.3	1.9
Wyoming	2.4	3.7	3.7	3.1	2.5
Footnotes (1) The annual average quits rate is equal to the sum of the 12 monthly quits levels as a percent of the sum of the 12 monthly CES employment levels.
NOTE: Data incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.

Table 19. Annual layoffs and discharges levels for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted(1) [in thousands]

State	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
TOTAL U.S.	40,830	17,075	17,624	19,791	20,193
Alabama	389	268	259	280	262
Alaska	107	51	71	61	60
Arizona	679	300	345	435	443
Arkansas	267	159	167	179	179
California	4,928	1,812	1,858	2,155	2,241
Colorado	915	408	417	348	457
Connecticut	509	173	181	212	220
Delaware	118	62	64	76	67
District of Columbia	141	66	70	71	72
Florida	2,235	969	1,051	1,197	1,175
Georgia	1,127	667	719	606	631
Hawaii	193	60	58	70	75
Idaho	221	97	121	123	140
Illinois	1,713	789	811	778	832
Indiana	924	358	358	451	423
Iowa	373	169	166	206	188
Kansas	326	139	150	175	174
Kentucky	524	280	235	243	248
Louisiana	505	233	253	301	308
Maine	180	80	73	95	85
Maryland	642	278	366	358	383
Massachusetts	1,081	398	342	368	414
Michigan	1,439	524	433	603	693
Minnesota	782	239	303	375	308
Mississippi	285	153	166	173	146
Missouri	743	278	349	338	336
Montana	151	75	86	89	95
Nebraska	229	108	111	137	131
Nevada	732	224	207	219	245
New Hampshire	205	96	106	104	109
New Jersey	1,436	494	559	692	678
New Mexico	235	92	105	103	115
New York	2,561	982	982	1,217	1,111
North Carolina	1,270	686	632	703	675
North Dakota	147	60	59	64	70
Ohio	1,553	638	699	737	764
Oklahoma	415	200	197	232	232
Oregon	638	227	223	245	244
Pennsylvania	1,794	678	563	635	823
Rhode Island	175	66	68	80	90
South Carolina	494	273	252	320	333
South Dakota	112	45	52	63	63
Tennessee	813	436	457	467	481
Texas	3,161	1,362	1,339	1,659	1,669
Utah	382	162	187	219	245
Vermont	112	43	36	41	45
Virginia	910	400	463	561	498
Washington	928	306	400	426	437
West Virginia	183	89	87	98	95
Wisconsin	745	273	324	354	333
Wyoming	91	43	47	46	43
Footnotes (1) The annual layoffs and discharges level is the sum of the 12 monthly layoffs and discharges levels.
NOTE: Data incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.

Table 20. Annual average layoffs and discharges rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted(1) [percent]

State	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
TOTAL U.S.	2.4	1.0	1.0	1.1	1.1
Alabama	1.6	1.1	1.0	1.1	1.0
Alaska	2.9	1.4	1.9	1.6	1.5
Arizona	2.0	0.8	0.9	1.1	1.1
Arkansas	1.8	1.0	1.0	1.1	1.1
California	2.5	0.9	0.9	1.0	1.0
Colorado	2.9	1.2	1.2	1.0	1.3
Connecticut	2.7	0.9	0.9	1.0	1.1
Delaware	2.2	1.1	1.1	1.3	1.1
District of Columbia	1.6	0.7	0.8	0.8	0.8
Florida	2.2	0.9	0.9	1.0	1.0
Georgia	2.1	1.2	1.2	1.0	1.1
Hawaii	2.9	0.9	0.8	0.9	1.0
Idaho	2.4	1.0	1.2	1.2	1.4
Illinois	2.5	1.1	1.1	1.1	1.1
Indiana	2.6	1.0	0.9	1.2	1.1
Iowa	2.1	0.9	0.9	1.1	1.0
Kansas	2.0	0.8	0.9	1.0	1.0
Kentucky	2.4	1.2	1.0	1.0	1.0
Louisiana	2.3	1.0	1.1	1.3	1.3
Maine	2.5	1.1	1.0	1.2	1.1
Maryland	2.1	0.9	1.1	1.1	1.1
Massachusetts	2.6	0.9	0.8	0.8	0.9
Michigan	3.0	1.0	0.8	1.1	1.3
Minnesota	2.3	0.7	0.9	1.0	0.9
Mississippi	2.1	1.1	1.2	1.2	1.0
Missouri	2.2	0.8	1.0	0.9	0.9
Montana	2.7	1.3	1.4	1.4	1.5
Nebraska	1.9	0.9	0.9	1.1	1.0
Nevada	4.8	1.4	1.2	1.2	1.3
New Hampshire	2.7	1.2	1.3	1.2	1.3
New Jersey	3.1	1.0	1.1	1.3	1.3
New Mexico	2.4	0.9	1.0	1.0	1.1
New York	2.4	0.9	0.9	1.0	0.9
North Carolina	2.4	1.2	1.1	1.2	1.1
North Dakota	3.0	1.2	1.1	1.2	1.3
Ohio	2.5	1.0	1.1	1.1	1.1
Oklahoma	2.1	1.0	1.0	1.1	1.1
Oregon	2.9	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0
Pennsylvania	2.7	1.0	0.8	0.9	1.1
Rhode Island	3.2	1.1	1.1	1.3	1.5
South Carolina	2.0	1.1	0.9	1.2	1.2
South Dakota	2.2	0.9	1.0	1.1	1.1
Tennessee	2.2	1.2	1.2	1.2	1.2
Texas	2.1	0.9	0.8	1.0	1.0
Utah	2.1	0.8	0.9	1.1	1.2
Vermont	3.3	1.2	1.0	1.1	1.2
Virginia	2.0	0.8	0.9	1.1	1.0
Washington	2.4	0.8	0.9	1.0	1.0
West Virginia	2.3	1.1	1.0	1.2	1.1
Wisconsin	2.2	0.8	0.9	1.0	0.9
Wyoming	2.8	1.3	1.4	1.3	1.2
Footnotes (1) The annual average layoffs and discharges rate is equal to the sum of the 12 monthly layoffs and discharges levels as a percent of the sum of the 12 monthly CES employment levels.
NOTE: Data incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.