State Job Openings and Labor Turnover News Release

For release 10:00 a.m. (ET) Tuesday, September 17, 2024	USDL-24-1920
Technical information:	(202) 691-5870  •  JoltsInfo@bls.gov  •  www.bls.gov/jlt
Media contact:		(202) 691-5902  •  PressOffice@bls.gov

			   STATE JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – JULY 2024

Job openings rates decreased in 4 states and increased in 1 state on the last business day of July, the U.S. 
Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Hires rates increased in 4 states and decreased in 1 state. Total 
separations rates increased in 11 states and decreased in 1 state. Nationally, the job openings, hires, and 
total separations rates showed little change in July.

This release includes estimates of the number and rate of job openings, hires, total separations, quits, and 
layoffs and discharges for the total nonfarm sector and for all states and the District of Columbia. 

Job Openings

In July, job openings rates decreased in 4 states, increased in 1 state, and were little changed in 45 
states and the District of Columbia. The largest decreases in job openings rates occurred in Minnesota  
(-1.3 percentage points) and in Massachusetts and New York (-0.9 point each). The increase occurred in 
Oklahoma (+0.7 point). Over the month, the national job openings rate changed little. (See table 1.)

The number of job openings decreased in 6 states, increased in 3 states, and was little changed in 41 
states and the District of Columbia in July. The largest decreases in the job openings level occurred in 
New York (-91,000), Minnesota (-41,000), and Massachusetts (-37,000). The increases occurred in 
Virginia (+28,000) and in Louisiana and Oklahoma (+14,000 each). Nationally, the number of job 
openings changed little. (See table 1.)

Hires

In July, hires rates increased in 4 states, decreased in 1 state, and were little changed in 45 states and 
the District of Columbia. The increases in the hires rate occurred in California and Michigan  
(+0.7 percentage points each), as well as in Minnesota and Pennsylvania (+0.6 point each). The decrease 
occurred in Arkansas (-1.3 points). The national hires rate changed little over the month. (See table 2.)

The number of hires increased in 6 states, decreased in 1 state, and was little changed in 43 states and 
the District of Columbia in July. The largest increases in the hires level occurred in California  
(+119,000), Pennsylvania (+38,000), and Michigan (+29,000). The decrease occurred in Arkansas  
(-19,000). Nationally, the number of hires changed little over the month. (See table 2.)

Total Separations

In July, total separations rates increased in 11 states, decreased in 1 state, and were little changed in 38 
states and the District of Columbia. The largest increases in total separations rates occurred in North 
Dakota (+2.0 percentage points) and Virginia (+1.4 points), as well as in Colorado and New Mexico  
(+1.0 point each). The decrease occurred in Texas (-0.5 point). Over the month, the national total 
separations rate was little changed. (See table 3.)

The number of total separations increased in 12 states, decreased in 1 state, and was little changed in 
37 states and the District of Columbia in July. The largest increases in the total separations level 
occurred in Florida (+74,000), Virginia (+58,000), and Pennsylvania (+53,000). The decrease occurred 
in Texas (-65,000). Nationally, the number of total separations increased over the month (+336,000).  
(See table 3.)
 
Quits

In July, quits rates increased in 4 states, decreased in 3 states, and were little changed in 43 states and 
the District of Columbia. The largest increases in quits rates occurred in Colorado  
(+0.7 percentage point) and in Florida and Virginia (+0.6 point each). The decreases occurred in Illinois 
(-0.4 point), as well as in New York and Texas (-0.3 point each). Over the month, the national quits rate 
changed little. (See table 4.)

The number of quits increased in 7 states, decreased in 4 states, and was little changed in 39 states and 
the District of Columbia in July. The largest increases in the quits level occurred in Florida 
(+63,000), Virginia (+23,000), and Pennsylvania (+22,000). The largest decreases occurred in Texas  
(-45,000), New York (-32,000), and Illinois (-29,000). Nationally, the number of quits changed little 
over the month. (See table 4.)

Layoffs and Discharges 

In July, layoffs and discharges rates increased in 8 states, decreased in 1 state, and were little changed 
in 41 states and the District of Columbia. The largest increases occurred in North Dakota  
(+1.6 percentage points), Virginia (+0.7 point), and South Dakota (+0.6 point). The decrease occurred in 
Oklahoma (-0.5 point). Over the month, the national layoffs and discharges rate was little changed.  
(See table 5.)

The number of layoffs and discharges increased in 9 states, decreased in 1 state, and was little changed 
in 40 states and the District of Columbia in July. The largest increases in the layoffs and discharges level 
occurred in Virginia (+30,000), Pennsylvania (+29,000), and Michigan (+16,000). The decrease 
occurred in Oklahoma (-9,000). Nationally, the number of layoffs and discharges was little changed. 
(See table 5.)

For more information, please see the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS) interactive 
charts at www.bls.gov/charts/state-job-openings-and-labor-turnover/state-job-openings-rates.htm#.  

______________	
State Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey estimates for August 2024 are scheduled to be 
released on Thursday, October 17, 2024, at 10:00 a.m. (ET).

Technical Note

This news release presents statistics from the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The JOLTS 
program provides information on labor demand and turnover. Additional information about the JOLTS program can 
be found at www.bls.gov/jlt/. State estimates are published for job openings, hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, and 
total separations. The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments, as well as civilian federal, state, 
and local government entities in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Starting with data for January 2023, 
industries are classified in accordance with the 2022 North American Industry Classification System.

Definitions

Employment. Employment includes persons on the payroll who worked or received pay for the pay period that 
includes the 12th day of the reference month. Full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term, seasonal, salaried, and 
hourly employees are included, as are employees on paid vacation or other paid leave. Proprietors or partners of 
unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, or employees on strike for the entire pay period, and employees 
on leave without pay for the entire pay period are not counted as employed. Employees of temporary help agencies, 
employee leasing companies, outside contractors, and consultants are counted by their employer of record, not by 
the establishment where they are working. JOLTS does not publish employment estimates but uses the reported 
employment for validation of the other reported data elements.

Job Openings. Job openings include all positions that are open on the last business day of the reference month. 
A job is open only if it meets all three of these conditions: 
* A specific position exists and there is work available for that position. The position can be full-time or part-
time, and it can be permanent, short-term, or seasonal. 
* The job could start within 30 days, whether or not the employer can find a suitable candidate during that time. 
* The employer is actively recruiting workers from outside the establishment to fill the position. Active recruiting 
means that the establishment is taking steps to fill a position. It may include advertising in newspapers, on 
television, or on the radio; posting internet notices, posting "help wanted" signs, networking, or making "word-
of-mouth" announcements; accepting applications; interviewing candidates; contacting employment agencies; 
or soliciting employees at job fairs, state or local employment offices, or similar sources.

Excluded are positions open only to internal transfers, promotions or demotions, or recall from layoffs. Also 
excluded are openings for positions with start dates more than 30 days in the future; positions for which employees 
have been hired but the employees have not yet reported for work; and positions to be filled by employees of 
temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The job openings rate is 
computed by dividing the number of job openings by the sum of employment and job openings and multiplying that 
quotient by 100.

Hires. Hires include all additions to the payroll during the entire reference month, including newly hired and 
rehired employees; full-time and part-time employees; permanent, short-term, and seasonal employees; employees 
who were recalled to a job at the location following a layoff (formal suspension from pay status) lasting more than 7 
days; on-call or intermittent employees who returned to work after having been formally separated; workers who 
were hired and separated during the month, and transfers from other locations. Excluded are transfers or promotions 
within the reporting location, employees returning from strike, employees of temporary help agencies, employee 
leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The hires rate is computed by dividing the number of hires by 
employment and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Separations. Separations include all separations from the payroll during the entire reference month and is 
reported by type of separation:  quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Quits include employees who 
left voluntarily, with the exception of retirements or transfers to other locations. Layoffs and discharges includes 
involuntary separations initiated by the employer, such as layoffs with no intent to rehire; layoffs (formal 
suspensions from pay status) lasting or expected to last more than 7 days; discharges resulting from mergers, 
downsizing, or closings; firings or other discharges for cause; terminations of permanent or short-term employees; 
and terminations of seasonal employees (whether or not they are expected to return the next season). Other 
separations include retirements, transfers to other locations, separations due to employee disability; and deaths. 
Other separations comprise less than 8 percent of total separations. Other separations rates are generally very low, 
and other separations variance estimates are relatively high. Consequently, the other separations component is not 
published for states. 

Excluded from separations are transfers within the same location; employees on strike; employees of temporary help 
agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The separations rate is computed by 
dividing the number of separations by employment and multiplying that quotient by 100. The quits and layoffs and 
discharges rates are computed similarly.

State Estimation Method

The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random sample of approximately 21,000 nonfarm business and 
government establishments. The sample is stratified by ownership, region, industry sector, and establishment size 
class. The JOLTS sample of 21,000 establishments does not directly support the production of sample-based state 
estimates. However, state estimates have been produced by combining the available sample with model-based 
estimates.

The state estimates consist of four major estimating models; the Composite Regional model (an unpublished 
intermediate model), the Synthetic model (an unpublished intermediate model), the Composite Synthetic model 
(published historical series through the most current benchmark year), and the Extended Composite Synthetic model 
(published current-year monthly series). The Composite Regional model uses JOLTS microdata, JOLTS regional 
published estimates, and Current Employment Statistics (CES) employment data. The Composite Synthetic model 
uses JOLTS microdata and Synthetic model estimates derived from monthly employment changes in microdata from 
the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW), and JOLTS published regional data. The Extended 
Composite Synthetic model extends the Composite Synthetic estimates by ratio-adjusting the Composite Synthetic 
model by the ratio of the current Composite Regional model estimate to the Composite Regional model estimate 
from the previous year.

The Extended Composite Synthetic model (and its major component-the Composite Regional model) is used 
to extend the Composite Synthetic estimates because all of the inputs required by this model are available at the time 
monthly estimate are produced. In contrast, the Composite Synthetic model (and its major component-the 
Synthetic model) can only be produced when the latest QCEW data are available. The Extended Composite 
Synthetic model estimates are used to extend the Composite Synthetic model estimates during the annual JOLTS
retabulation process. The extension of the Composite Synthetic model using current data-based Composite Regional 
model estimates ensures that the Composite Synthetic model estimates reflect current economic trends.

The Composite Regional approach calculates state-level JOLTS estimates from JOLTS microdata using sample 
weights and the adjustments for non-response. The Composite Regional estimate is then benchmarked to CES state-
supersector employment to produce state-supersector estimates. The JOLTS sample, by itself, cannot ensure a 
reasonably sized sample for each state-supersector cell. The small JOLTS sample results in several state-supersector 
cells that lack enough data to produce a reasonable estimate. To overcome this issue, the state-level estimates 
derived directly from the JOLTS sample are augmented using JOLTS regional estimates when the number of 
respondents is low (that is, less than 30). This approach is known as a composite estimate, which leverages the small 
JOLTS sample to the greatest extent possible and supplements that with a model-based estimate. Previous research 
has found that regional industry estimates are a good proxy at finer levels of geographical detail. That is, one can 
make a reliable prediction of JOLTS estimates at the regional-level using only national industry-level JOLTS rates. 
The assumption in this approach is that one can make a good prediction of JOLTS estimates at the state-level using 
only regional industry-level JOLTS rates.)

In this approach, the JOLTS microdata-based estimate is used, without model augmentation, in all state-
supersector cells that have 30 or more respondents. The JOLTS regional estimate will be used, without a sample-
based component, in all state-supersector cells that have fewer than five respondents. In all state-supersector cells 
with 5 to 30 respondents, an estimate is calculated that is a composition of a weighted estimate of the microdata-
based estimate and a weighted estimate of the JOLTS regional estimate. The weight assigned to the JOLTS data in 
those cells is proportional to the number of JOLTS respondents in the cell (weight=n/30, where n is the number of 
respondents). The sum of state estimates within a region is made equal to the aligned regional JOLTS published 
regional estimates.

Seasonal adjustment. BLS uses the seasonal adjustment program (X-13ARIMA-SEATS) to seasonally adjust 
the JOLTS series. Each month, a concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology uses all relevant data, up to and 
including the current month, to calculate new seasonal adjustment factors. Moving averages are used as seasonal 
filters in seasonal adjustment. JOLTS seasonal adjustment includes both additive and multiplicative models, as well 
as regression with autocorrelated errors (REGARIMA) modeling, to improve the seasonal adjustment factors at the 
beginning and end of the series and to detect and adjust for outliers in the series. 

Annual estimates and benchmarking. The JOLTS state estimates utilize and leverage data from three BLS 
programs; JOLTS, CES, and QCEW. These state estimates are published as a historical series made up of a 
historical annually revised benchmark component ofthe Composite Synthetic model and a current component of the 
Extended Composite Synthetic model that provides monthly "real-time" estimates between lagged benchmarks.

The JOLTS employment levels are ratio-adjusted to the CES employment levels, and the resulting ratios are 
applied to all JOLTS data elements.

The seasonally adjusted estimates are recalculated for the most recent 5 years to reflect updated seasonal 
adjustment factors. These annual updates result in revisions to both the seasonally adjusted and not seasonally 
adjusted JOLTS data series for the period since the last benchmark was established.

Annual levels for hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total separations are the sum of the 
12 published monthly levels. 

Annual average levels for job openings are calculated by dividing the sum of the 12 published monthly levels 
by 12. 

Annual average rates for hires, total separations quits, and layoffs and discharges are calculated by dividing the 
sum of the 12 monthly JOLTS published levels for each data element by the sum of the 12 monthly CES published 
employment levels, and multiplying that quotient by 100. 

Annual average rates for job openings are calculated by dividing the sum of the 12 monthly JOLTS published 
levels by the sum of the 12 monthly CES published employment levels plus the sum of the 12 monthly job openings 
levels, and multiplying that quotient by 100.)

Reliability of the estimates

JOLTS estimates are subject to two types of error:  sampling error and nonsampling error.

Sampling error can result when a sample, rather than an entire population, is surveyed. There is a chance that 
the sample estimates may differ from the true population values they represent. The exact difference, or sampling 
error, varies with the sample selected, and this variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. BLS 
analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence. This means that there is a 90-percent chance 
that the true population mean will fall into the interval created by the sample mean plus or minus 1.65 standard 
errors. Estimates of median standard errors are released monthly as part of the significant change tables on the 
JOLTS webpage. Standard errors are updated annually with the most recent 5 years of data. For sampling error 
estimates, see www.bls.gov/jlt/jolts_median_standard_errors.htm.

Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, including the failure to include a segment of the population, the 
inability to obtain data from all units in the sample, the inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide data on a 
timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, errors made in the collection or processing of the data, and errors from 
the employment benchmark data used in estimation. The JOLTS program uses quality control procedures to reduce 
nonsampling error in the survey's design. 

The JOLTS state variance estimates account for both sampling error and the error attributable to modeling. A 
small area domain model uses a Bayesian approach to develop estimates of JOLTS state variance. The small area 
model uses QCEW-based JOLTS synthetic model data to generate a Bayesian prior distribution, then updates the 
prior distribution using JOLTS microdata and sample-based variance estimates at the state and US Census regional 
level to generate a Bayesian posterior distribution. Once the Bayesian posterior distribution has been generated, 
estimates of JOLTS state variances are made by drawing 2,500 estimates from the Bayesian posterior distribution. 
This Bayesian approach thus indirectly accounts for sampling error and directly for model error.

Other information

If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access telecommunications 
relay services.

Table 1. Job openings levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)						Rates
	July 2023	Apr. 2024	May 2024	June 2024	July 2024(p)	Change from: June 2024 - July 2024(p)	July 2023	Apr. 2024	May 2024	June 2024	July 2024(p)	Change from: June 2024 - July 2024(p)
TOTAL U.S.	8,805	7,919	8,230	7,910	7,673	-237	5.3	4.8	4.9	4.8	4.6	-0.2
Alabama	131	124	121	120	127	7	5.7	5.3	5.2	5.1	5.4	0.3
Alaska	24	24	25	25	23	-2	6.8	6.7	6.9	6.9	6.4	-0.5
Arizona	195	185	164	192	169	-23	5.8	5.4	4.8	5.6	4.9	-0.7
Arkansas	70	86	83	78	72	-6	4.9	5.9	5.7	5.4	5.0	-0.4
California	889	596	721	633	622	-11	4.8	3.2	3.8	3.4	3.3	-0.1
Colorado	190	192	178	193	196	3	6.0	6.1	5.6	6.1	6.1	0.0
Connecticut	92	90	90	89	84	-5	5.1	5.0	5.0	4.9	4.7	-0.2
Delaware	27	28	30	27	27	0	5.3	5.4	5.8	5.2	5.2	0.0
District of Columbia	43	37	38	36	41	5	5.3	4.6	4.7	4.5	5.0	0.5
Florida	572	508	498	504	513	9	5.5	4.9	4.8	4.8	4.9	0.1
Georgia	337	273	270	272	277	5	6.4	5.2	5.2	5.2	5.3	0.1
Hawaii	34	26	28	28	26	-2	5.1	3.9	4.2	4.2	3.9	-0.3
Idaho	54	53	47	47	45	-2	6.0	5.8	5.1	5.1	4.9	-0.2
Illinois	363	320	366	342	342	0	5.6	5.0	5.6	5.3	5.3	0.0
Indiana	159	137	168	142	144	2	4.7	4.0	4.9	4.1	4.2	0.1
Iowa	81	67	75	71	71	0	4.8	4.0	4.5	4.2	4.2	0.0
Kansas	75	72	69	70	65	-5	4.9	4.7	4.5	4.6	4.3	-0.3
Kentucky	114	133	137	139	134	-5	5.4	6.1	6.3	6.4	6.2	-0.2
Louisiana	137	122	117	103	117	14	6.6	5.8	5.6	5.0	5.6	0.6
Maine	41	41	40	36	34	-2	5.9	5.9	5.7	5.2	4.9	-0.3
Maryland	183	176	163	158	169	11	6.2	6.0	5.6	5.4	5.8	0.4
Massachusetts	230	207	214	213	176	-37	5.8	5.3	5.4	5.4	4.5	-0.9
Michigan	217	229	213	212	207	-5	4.6	4.8	4.5	4.5	4.4	-0.1
Minnesota	166	145	177	177	136	-41	5.3	4.6	5.5	5.6	4.3	-1.3
Mississippi	85	69	69	66	73	7	6.7	5.5	5.5	5.3	5.8	0.5
Missouri	161	146	155	161	143	-18	5.1	4.6	4.8	5.0	4.5	-0.5
Montana	32	33	35	35	30	-5	5.8	5.9	6.2	6.1	5.3	-0.8
Nebraska	51	46	49	49	44	-5	4.6	4.1	4.4	4.4	3.9	-0.5
Nevada	84	75	75	74	68	-6	5.2	4.5	4.5	4.5	4.1	-0.4
New Hampshire	43	39	38	38	35	-3	5.8	5.2	5.1	5.1	4.7	-0.4
New Jersey	229	202	249	228	208	-20	5.0	4.4	5.4	4.9	4.5	-0.4
New Mexico	54	56	57	52	44	-8	5.8	6.0	6.0	5.5	4.7	-0.8
New York	426	432	476	496	405	-91	4.2	4.2	4.6	4.8	3.9	-0.9
North Carolina	324	279	285	272	284	12	6.2	5.3	5.4	5.1	5.4	0.3
North Dakota	29	23	26	24	23	-1	6.2	5.0	5.5	5.1	4.9	-0.2
Ohio	299	236	251	257	274	17	5.0	4.0	4.2	4.3	4.6	0.3
Oklahoma	110	113	111	100	114	14	5.9	6.0	5.9	5.3	6.0	0.7
Oregon	112	107	110	109	105	-4	5.4	5.1	5.3	5.2	5.0	-0.2
Pennsylvania	339	328	318	314	292	-22	5.3	5.1	4.9	4.8	4.5	-0.3
Rhode Island	28	28	31	28	25	-3	5.3	5.2	5.7	5.2	4.7	-0.5
South Carolina	175	159	159	139	144	5	7.1	6.3	6.3	5.5	5.7	0.2
South Dakota	24	22	25	25	22	-3	4.9	4.5	5.1	5.1	4.5	-0.6
Tennessee	180	195	164	165	165	0	5.2	5.5	4.7	4.7	4.7	0.0
Texas	794	754	762	638	622	-16	5.4	5.1	5.1	4.3	4.2	-0.1
Utah	103	85	89	92	82	-10	5.6	4.6	4.8	5.0	4.5	-0.5
Vermont	17	16	17	18	17	-1	5.2	4.8	5.1	5.4	5.1	-0.3
Virginia	256	253	250	245	273	28	5.8	5.6	5.6	5.4	6.0	0.6
Washington	163	129	165	160	153	-7	4.3	3.4	4.3	4.2	4.0	-0.2
West Virginia	50	45	51	45	48	3	6.6	5.9	6.6	5.9	6.3	0.4
Wisconsin	197	161	164	154	146	-8	6.1	5.0	5.1	4.8	4.6	-0.2
Wyoming	16	17	17	17	15	-2	5.2	5.5	5.5	5.5	4.9	-0.6
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 2. Hires levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)						Rates
	July 2023	Apr. 2024	May 2024	June 2024	July 2024(p)	Change from: June 2024 - July 2024(p)	July 2023	Apr. 2024	May 2024	June 2024	July 2024(p)	Change from: June 2024 - July 2024(p)
TOTAL U.S.	5,733	5,615	5,655	5,248	5,521	273	3.7	3.5	3.6	3.3	3.5	0.2
Alabama	97	86	85	78	79	1	4.5	3.9	3.9	3.5	3.6	0.1
Alaska	18	17	18	19	19	0	5.5	5.1	5.3	5.6	5.6	0.0
Arizona	130	123	123	126	139	13	4.1	3.8	3.8	3.9	4.3	0.4
Arkansas	52	59	59	61	42	-19	3.9	4.3	4.3	4.4	3.1	-1.3
California	605	545	527	420	539	119	3.4	3.0	2.9	2.3	3.0	0.7
Colorado	97	111	118	132	130	-2	3.3	3.7	3.9	4.4	4.3	-0.1
Connecticut	61	56	57	60	65	5	3.6	3.3	3.3	3.5	3.8	0.3
Delaware	21	21	21	20	18	-2	4.3	4.3	4.3	4.1	3.7	-0.4
District of Columbia	25	23	22	20	20	0	3.3	3.0	2.8	2.6	2.6	0.0
Florida	399	404	372	369	354	-15	4.1	4.1	3.7	3.7	3.5	-0.2
Georgia	240	206	187	158	186	28	4.9	4.1	3.8	3.2	3.7	0.5
Hawaii	20	19	20	21	23	2	3.2	3.0	3.1	3.3	3.6	0.3
Idaho	37	43	40	41	40	-1	4.4	5.0	4.6	4.7	4.6	-0.1
Illinois	214	236	253	216	241	25	3.5	3.8	4.1	3.5	3.9	0.4
Indiana	126	129	121	115	129	14	3.9	3.9	3.7	3.5	3.9	0.4
Iowa	55	56	54	52	56	4	3.5	3.5	3.4	3.2	3.5	0.3
Kansas	48	56	50	46	48	2	3.3	3.8	3.4	3.1	3.3	0.2
Kentucky	80	74	81	72	76	4	4.0	3.6	4.0	3.5	3.7	0.2
Louisiana	107	98	78	76	70	-6	5.5	5.0	4.0	3.9	3.6	-0.3
Maine	24	25	26	25	27	2	3.7	3.8	4.0	3.8	4.1	0.3
Maryland	112	108	106	95	101	6	4.1	3.9	3.8	3.4	3.6	0.2
Massachusetts	115	96	100	110	114	4	3.1	2.6	2.7	2.9	3.0	0.1
Michigan	174	152	183	154	183	29	3.9	3.4	4.1	3.4	4.1	0.7
Minnesota	94	102	110	87	105	18	3.1	3.4	3.6	2.9	3.5	0.6
Mississippi	57	51	50	39	47	8	4.8	4.3	4.2	3.3	3.9	0.6
Missouri	97	105	103	97	102	5	3.3	3.4	3.4	3.2	3.3	0.1
Montana	24	26	27	29	28	-1	4.6	4.9	5.1	5.4	5.2	-0.2
Nebraska	35	37	38	38	38	0	3.3	3.5	3.6	3.6	3.5	-0.1
Nevada	62	62	64	64	65	1	4.0	3.9	4.0	4.0	4.1	0.1
New Hampshire	26	25	25	27	26	-1	3.7	3.5	3.5	3.8	3.7	-0.1
New Jersey	134	153	145	141	139	-2	3.1	3.5	3.3	3.2	3.2	0.0
New Mexico	31	34	33	31	32	1	3.6	3.8	3.7	3.5	3.6	0.1
New York	270	225	267	296	286	-10	2.8	2.3	2.7	3.0	2.9	-0.1
North Carolina	184	204	197	172	176	4	3.7	4.1	3.9	3.4	3.5	0.1
North Dakota	18	17	21	17	19	2	4.1	3.9	4.7	3.8	4.3	0.5
Ohio	192	211	206	200	188	-12	3.4	3.7	3.6	3.5	3.3	-0.2
Oklahoma	86	85	77	76	75	-1	4.9	4.8	4.3	4.3	4.2	-0.1
Oregon	73	78	75	73	78	5	3.7	3.9	3.8	3.7	3.9	0.2
Pennsylvania	171	170	175	173	211	38	2.8	2.8	2.8	2.8	3.4	0.6
Rhode Island	18	18	22	20	21	1	3.6	3.5	4.3	3.9	4.1	0.2
South Carolina	111	117	108	103	103	0	4.8	4.9	4.5	4.3	4.3	0.0
South Dakota	17	18	20	18	18	0	3.7	3.9	4.3	3.8	3.8	0.0
Tennessee	141	152	157	121	112	-9	4.3	4.6	4.7	3.6	3.4	-0.2
Texas	529	477	503	466	458	-8	3.8	3.4	3.5	3.3	3.2	-0.1
Utah	70	69	73	71	70	-1	4.1	3.9	4.2	4.0	4.0	0.0
Vermont	10	11	11	12	12	0	3.2	3.5	3.5	3.8	3.8	0.0
Virginia	174	166	180	140	152	12	4.2	3.9	4.2	3.3	3.6	0.3
Washington	104	111	120	113	112	-1	2.9	3.0	3.3	3.1	3.0	-0.1
West Virginia	33	32	31	29	30	1	4.7	4.5	4.3	4.0	4.2	0.2
Wisconsin	99	102	101	95	102	7	3.3	3.4	3.3	3.1	3.4	0.3
Wyoming	13	14	14	14	14	0	4.5	4.8	4.8	4.8	4.8	0.0
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 3. Total separations levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)						Rates
	July 2023	Apr. 2024	May 2024	June 2024	July 2024(p)	Change from: June 2024 - July 2024(p)	July 2023	Apr. 2024	May 2024	June 2024	July 2024(p)	Change from: June 2024 - July 2024(p)
TOTAL U.S.	5,646	5,337	5,397	5,084	5,420	336	3.6	3.4	3.4	3.2	3.4	0.2
Alabama	96	81	81	74	78	4	4.4	3.7	3.7	3.3	3.5	0.2
Alaska	19	20	20	18	20	2	5.8	6.0	5.9	5.3	5.9	0.6
Arizona	129	142	124	124	129	5	4.0	4.4	3.8	3.8	4.0	0.2
Arkansas	51	54	55	53	51	-2	3.8	3.9	4.0	3.9	3.7	-0.2
California	546	472	575	487	488	1	3.1	2.6	3.2	2.7	2.7	0.0
Colorado	100	143	136	112	140	28	3.4	4.8	4.6	3.7	4.7	1.0
Connecticut	53	68	58	58	57	-1	3.1	4.0	3.4	3.4	3.3	-0.1
Delaware	21	19	19	20	22	2	4.3	3.9	3.9	4.1	4.5	0.4
District of Columbia	28	20	20	20	24	4	3.6	2.6	2.6	2.6	3.1	0.5
Florida	367	384	358	298	372	74	3.8	3.9	3.6	3.0	3.7	0.7
Georgia	197	166	178	173	194	21	4.0	3.3	3.6	3.5	3.9	0.4
Hawaii	19	20	23	21	21	0	3.0	3.1	3.6	3.3	3.3	0.0
Idaho	39	38	47	40	43	3	4.6	4.4	5.4	4.6	4.9	0.3
Illinois	199	204	218	203	190	-13	3.3	3.3	3.5	3.3	3.1	-0.2
Indiana	140	116	112	112	116	4	4.3	3.5	3.4	3.4	3.5	0.1
Iowa	59	58	55	48	55	7	3.7	3.6	3.4	3.0	3.4	0.4
Kansas	51	58	52	43	51	8	3.5	4.0	3.6	2.9	3.5	0.6
Kentucky	79	76	80	77	81	4	3.9	3.7	3.9	3.8	4.0	0.2
Louisiana	94	90	83	87	89	2	4.8	4.6	4.2	4.4	4.5	0.1
Maine	21	30	26	24	28	4	3.2	4.6	4.0	3.7	4.3	0.6
Maryland	104	95	89	82	106	24	3.8	3.5	3.2	3.0	3.8	0.8
Massachusetts	83	80	115	110	110	0	2.2	2.1	3.1	2.9	2.9	0.0
Michigan	157	140	131	126	139	13	3.5	3.1	2.9	2.8	3.1	0.3
Minnesota	115	91	95	84	83	-1	3.9	3.0	3.1	2.8	2.8	0.0
Mississippi	57	46	50	45	51	6	4.8	3.9	4.2	3.8	4.3	0.5
Missouri	86	101	105	96	94	-2	2.9	3.3	3.4	3.1	3.1	0.0
Montana	24	28	37	27	28	1	4.6	5.3	6.9	5.0	5.2	0.2
Nebraska	38	38	37	32	39	7	3.6	3.6	3.5	3.0	3.6	0.6
Nevada	59	66	66	61	64	3	3.8	4.2	4.2	3.8	4.0	0.2
New Hampshire	27	29	29	29	29	0	3.9	4.1	4.1	4.1	4.1	0.0
New Jersey	137	150	139	145	146	1	3.2	3.4	3.2	3.3	3.3	0.0
New Mexico	36	37	33	30	39	9	4.1	4.2	3.7	3.4	4.4	1.0
New York	288	251	262	256	247	-9	3.0	2.6	2.7	2.6	2.5	-0.1
North Carolina	193	166	148	157	167	10	3.9	3.3	3.0	3.1	3.3	0.2
North Dakota	20	19	17	15	24	9	4.6	4.3	3.8	3.4	5.4	2.0
Ohio	225	211	185	175	202	27	4.0	3.7	3.3	3.1	3.6	0.5
Oklahoma	76	63	73	78	68	-10	4.3	3.5	4.1	4.4	3.8	-0.6
Oregon	83	80	78	72	88	16	4.2	4.0	3.9	3.6	4.4	0.8
Pennsylvania	182	190	185	159	212	53	3.0	3.1	3.0	2.6	3.4	0.8
Rhode Island	17	23	20	19	20	1	3.4	4.5	3.9	3.7	3.9	0.2
South Carolina	97	96	94	103	110	7	4.2	4.1	4.0	4.3	4.6	0.3
South Dakota	20	21	19	16	20	4	4.3	4.5	4.1	3.4	4.3	0.9
Tennessee	128	133	133	123	128	5	3.9	4.0	4.0	3.7	3.8	0.1
Texas	546	416	430	480	415	-65	3.9	2.9	3.0	3.4	2.9	-0.5
Utah	77	70	78	71	75	4	4.5	4.0	4.4	4.0	4.3	0.3
Vermont	11	12	13	13	13	0	3.6	3.8	4.1	4.1	4.1	0.0
Virginia	181	151	159	138	196	58	4.3	3.6	3.7	3.2	4.6	1.4
Washington	116	115	118	120	116	-4	3.2	3.2	3.2	3.3	3.2	-0.1
West Virginia	33	32	29	28	34	6	4.7	4.5	4.0	3.9	4.7	0.8
Wisconsin	109	110	97	87	97	10	3.6	3.6	3.2	2.9	3.2	0.3
Wyoming	13	14	15	14	13	-1	4.5	4.8	5.1	4.8	4.4	-0.4
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 4. Quits levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)						Rates
	July 2023	Apr. 2024	May 2024	June 2024	July 2024(p)	Change from: June 2024 - July 2024(p)	July 2023	Apr. 2024	May 2024	June 2024	July 2024(p)	Change from: June 2024 - July 2024(p)
TOTAL U.S.	3,615	3,452	3,403	3,214	3,277	63	2.3	2.2	2.1	2.0	2.1	0.1
Alabama	58	55	55	49	49	0	2.7	2.5	2.5	2.2	2.2	0.0
Alaska	12	12	12	10	12	2	3.7	3.6	3.6	3.0	3.5	0.5
Arizona	92	83	79	71	71	0	2.9	2.5	2.4	2.2	2.2	0.0
Arkansas	34	34	38	33	33	0	2.5	2.5	2.8	2.4	2.4	0.0
California	317	258	342	276	279	3	1.8	1.4	1.9	1.5	1.5	0.0
Colorado	64	95	74	76	95	19	2.2	3.2	2.5	2.5	3.2	0.7
Connecticut	36	33	33	33	30	-3	2.1	1.9	1.9	1.9	1.7	-0.2
Delaware	14	12	12	12	13	1	2.9	2.4	2.4	2.5	2.7	0.2
District of Columbia	18	13	13	12	14	2	2.3	1.7	1.7	1.6	1.8	0.2
Florida	271	290	206	205	268	63	2.8	2.9	2.1	2.1	2.7	0.6
Georgia	143	108	125	115	118	3	2.9	2.2	2.5	2.3	2.4	0.1
Hawaii	13	12	13	12	12	0	2.1	1.9	2.0	1.9	1.9	0.0
Idaho	26	23	28	24	25	1	3.1	2.7	3.2	2.8	2.9	0.1
Illinois	117	135	134	131	102	-29	1.9	2.2	2.2	2.1	1.7	-0.4
Indiana	84	80	73	74	74	0	2.6	2.4	2.2	2.3	2.3	0.0
Iowa	37	35	32	32	33	1	2.3	2.2	2.0	2.0	2.1	0.1
Kansas	33	36	35	27	29	2	2.3	2.5	2.4	1.8	2.0	0.2
Kentucky	55	49	56	51	51	0	2.7	2.4	2.7	2.5	2.5	0.0
Louisiana	65	59	52	55	56	1	3.3	3.0	2.6	2.8	2.9	0.1
Maine	13	16	15	13	14	1	2.0	2.4	2.3	2.0	2.1	0.1
Maryland	63	59	59	54	64	10	2.3	2.1	2.1	2.0	2.3	0.3
Massachusetts	50	42	60	61	61	0	1.3	1.1	1.6	1.6	1.6	0.0
Michigan	96	91	84	86	79	-7	2.2	2.0	1.9	1.9	1.8	-0.1
Minnesota	70	65	62	53	49	-4	2.3	2.1	2.1	1.8	1.6	-0.2
Mississippi	35	31	35	29	33	4	3.0	2.6	2.9	2.4	2.8	0.4
Missouri	57	73	76	68	57	-11	1.9	2.4	2.5	2.2	1.9	-0.3
Montana	16	18	18	16	16	0	3.1	3.4	3.4	3.0	3.0	0.0
Nebraska	23	24	24	21	21	0	2.2	2.3	2.2	2.0	2.0	0.0
Nevada	40	38	38	35	36	1	2.6	2.4	2.4	2.2	2.3	0.1
New Hampshire	15	15	17	12	13	1	2.1	2.1	2.4	1.7	1.8	0.1
New Jersey	87	83	77	82	75	-7	2.0	1.9	1.8	1.9	1.7	-0.2
New Mexico	23	23	20	16	21	5	2.6	2.6	2.3	1.8	2.4	0.6
New York	144	174	166	170	138	-32	1.5	1.8	1.7	1.7	1.4	-0.3
North Carolina	129	103	97	98	110	12	2.6	2.1	1.9	2.0	2.2	0.2
North Dakota	12	13	12	9	10	1	2.7	2.9	2.7	2.0	2.3	0.3
Ohio	136	142	114	105	117	12	2.4	2.5	2.0	1.9	2.1	0.2
Oklahoma	52	44	45	43	42	-1	3.0	2.5	2.5	2.4	2.4	0.0
Oregon	53	49	47	43	49	6	2.7	2.5	2.4	2.2	2.5	0.3
Pennsylvania	126	111	113	94	116	22	2.1	1.8	1.8	1.5	1.9	0.4
Rhode Island	10	13	11	11	10	-1	2.0	2.5	2.1	2.2	2.0	-0.2
South Carolina	68	66	67	73	75	2	3.0	2.8	2.8	3.1	3.1	0.0
South Dakota	12	15	13	11	11	0	2.6	3.2	2.8	2.4	2.3	-0.1
Tennessee	84	92	91	80	81	1	2.5	2.8	2.7	2.4	2.4	0.0
Texas	374	312	309	350	305	-45	2.7	2.2	2.2	2.5	2.2	-0.3
Utah	53	44	48	43	45	2	3.1	2.5	2.7	2.4	2.6	0.2
Vermont	7	7	8	8	6	-2	2.3	2.2	2.5	2.5	1.9	-0.6
Virginia	109	96	103	82	105	23	2.6	2.3	2.4	1.9	2.5	0.6
Washington	70	69	70	65	68	3	1.9	1.9	1.9	1.8	1.9	0.1
West Virginia	21	22	20	18	22	4	3.0	3.1	2.8	2.5	3.1	0.6
Wisconsin	69	72	62	57	56	-1	2.3	2.4	2.0	1.9	1.8	-0.1
Wyoming	9	9	9	8	8	0	3.1	3.1	3.1	2.7	2.7	0.0
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)						Rates
	July 2023	Apr. 2024	May 2024	June 2024	July 2024(p)	Change from: June 2024 - July 2024(p)	July 2023	Apr. 2024	May 2024	June 2024	July 2024(p)	Change from: June 2024 - July 2024(p)
TOTAL U.S.	1,698	1,542	1,678	1,560	1,762	202	1.1	1.0	1.1	1.0	1.1	0.1
Alabama	34	21	21	20	24	4	1.6	1.0	1.0	0.9	1.1	0.2
Alaska	6	6	7	5	5	0	1.8	1.8	2.1	1.5	1.5	0.0
Arizona	32	49	39	40	46	6	1.0	1.5	1.2	1.2	1.4	0.2
Arkansas	14	16	14	16	16	0	1.0	1.2	1.0	1.2	1.2	0.0
California	194	191	213	187	189	2	1.1	1.1	1.2	1.0	1.0	0.0
Colorado	29	41	54	26	36	10	1.0	1.4	1.8	0.9	1.2	0.3
Connecticut	16	30	22	20	23	3	0.9	1.8	1.3	1.2	1.3	0.1
Delaware	6	5	5	7	7	0	1.2	1.0	1.0	1.4	1.4	0.0
District of Columbia	7	5	5	5	7	2	0.9	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.9	0.3
Florida	80	74	134	80	94	14	0.8	0.7	1.3	0.8	0.9	0.1
Georgia	46	48	42	48	63	15	0.9	1.0	0.8	1.0	1.3	0.3
Hawaii	5	6	8	6	6	0	0.8	0.9	1.3	0.9	0.9	0.0
Idaho	10	12	15	12	12	0	1.2	1.4	1.7	1.4	1.4	0.0
Illinois	68	61	74	67	68	1	1.1	1.0	1.2	1.1	1.1	0.0
Indiana	48	29	31	34	36	2	1.5	0.9	0.9	1.0	1.1	0.1
Iowa	18	19	18	13	18	5	1.1	1.2	1.1	0.8	1.1	0.3
Kansas	14	15	13	13	17	4	1.0	1.0	0.9	0.9	1.2	0.3
Kentucky	21	21	20	21	22	1	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.1	0.1
Louisiana	25	26	26	28	26	-2	1.3	1.3	1.3	1.4	1.3	-0.1
Maine	8	11	9	8	11	3	1.2	1.7	1.4	1.2	1.7	0.5
Maryland	35	29	24	24	33	9	1.3	1.1	0.9	0.9	1.2	0.3
Massachusetts	30	30	48	39	42	3	0.8	0.8	1.3	1.0	1.1	0.1
Michigan	51	38	39	32	48	16	1.1	0.8	0.9	0.7	1.1	0.4
Minnesota	31	20	22	27	26	-1	1.0	0.7	0.7	0.9	0.9	0.0
Mississippi	20	12	12	12	13	1	1.7	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.1	0.1
Missouri	22	21	23	23	27	4	0.7	0.7	0.8	0.7	0.9	0.2
Montana	7	8	17	9	8	-1	1.3	1.5	3.2	1.7	1.5	-0.2
Nebraska	11	10	10	9	14	5	1.0	0.9	0.9	0.8	1.3	0.5
Nevada	17	23	25	20	20	0	1.1	1.5	1.6	1.3	1.3	0.0
New Hampshire	10	11	10	15	13	-2	1.4	1.6	1.4	2.1	1.8	-0.3
New Jersey	43	55	51	53	61	8	1.0	1.3	1.2	1.2	1.4	0.2
New Mexico	10	10	11	10	10	0	1.1	1.1	1.2	1.1	1.1	0.0
New York	130	64	78	74	96	22	1.3	0.7	0.8	0.7	1.0	0.3
North Carolina	54	49	40	51	49	-2	1.1	1.0	0.8	1.0	1.0	0.0
North Dakota	6	5	4	5	12	7	1.4	1.1	0.9	1.1	2.7	1.6
Ohio	67	61	60	62	76	14	1.2	1.1	1.1	1.1	1.3	0.2
Oklahoma	20	15	24	31	22	-9	1.1	0.8	1.3	1.7	1.2	-0.5
Oregon	24	24	26	21	28	7	1.2	1.2	1.3	1.1	1.4	0.3
Pennsylvania	49	66	59	52	81	29	0.8	1.1	1.0	0.8	1.3	0.5
Rhode Island	7	9	7	7	8	1	1.4	1.8	1.4	1.4	1.6	0.2
South Carolina	27	25	23	24	30	6	1.2	1.1	1.0	1.0	1.3	0.3
South Dakota	6	5	5	5	8	3	1.3	1.1	1.1	1.1	1.7	0.6
Tennessee	38	32	35	37	40	3	1.1	1.0	1.1	1.1	1.2	0.1
Texas	128	87	100	105	90	-15	0.9	0.6	0.7	0.7	0.6	-0.1
Utah	20	21	27	22	20	-2	1.2	1.2	1.5	1.2	1.1	-0.1
Vermont	3	4	4	4	5	1	1.0	1.3	1.3	1.3	1.6	0.3
Virginia	65	43	44	43	73	30	1.6	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.7	0.7
Washington	42	35	41	48	36	-12	1.2	1.0	1.1	1.3	1.0	-0.3
West Virginia	10	8	7	8	10	2	1.4	1.1	1.0	1.1	1.4	0.3
Wisconsin	30	30	29	25	35	10	1.0	1.0	1.0	0.8	1.2	0.4
Wyoming	4	4	5	4	4	0	1.4	1.4	1.7	1.4	1.4	0.0
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 6. Job openings levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)			Rates
	July 2023	June 2024	July 2024(p)	July 2023	June 2024	July 2024(p)
TOTAL U.S.	9,615	7,621	8,341	5.8	4.6	5.0
Alabama	134	116	130	5.8	5.0	5.5
Alaska	29	38	27	7.7	9.7	7.0
Arizona	218	166	191	6.5	4.9	5.6
Arkansas	76	78	74	5.4	5.4	5.2
California	966	609	685	5.2	3.3	3.7
Colorado	206	201	214	6.5	6.3	6.6
Connecticut	104	86	97	5.8	4.7	5.4
Delaware	33	29	32	6.4	5.4	6.0
District of Columbia	48	38	48	5.8	4.7	5.8
Florida	601	472	537	5.9	4.6	5.2
Georgia	352	255	292	6.7	4.9	5.6
Hawaii	39	25	33	5.9	3.8	5.0
Idaho	61	46	52	6.7	5.0	5.5
Illinois	388	340	364	5.9	5.2	5.6
Indiana	176	135	156	5.2	4.0	4.6
Iowa	88	66	75	5.3	3.9	4.5
Kansas	84	67	70	5.6	4.4	4.6
Kentucky	115	136	138	5.5	6.2	6.4
Louisiana	145	95	126	7.0	4.6	6.1
Maine	51	37	42	7.0	5.2	5.8
Maryland	211	140	203	7.1	4.8	6.8
Massachusetts	264	212	202	6.6	5.3	5.1
Michigan	233	198	210	5.0	4.2	4.5
Minnesota	193	171	152	6.0	5.3	4.8
Mississippi	93	60	80	7.4	4.8	6.3
Missouri	180	153	155	5.7	4.7	4.8
Montana	36	39	31	6.4	6.7	5.5
Nebraska	58	46	47	5.2	4.1	4.2
Nevada	88	67	72	5.4	4.0	4.4
New Hampshire	51	37	41	6.7	5.0	5.4
New Jersey	253	222	231	5.5	4.7	5.0
New Mexico	61	46	51	6.6	5.0	5.4
New York	490	479	464	4.8	4.6	4.5
North Carolina	337	263	302	6.4	5.0	5.7
North Dakota	32	26	24	6.7	5.4	5.1
Ohio	340	248	308	5.7	4.2	5.1
Oklahoma	116	97	121	6.3	5.2	6.4
Oregon	130	94	121	6.2	4.5	5.8
Pennsylvania	345	300	294	5.4	4.6	4.5
Rhode Island	29	27	26	5.4	5.0	4.8
South Carolina	195	126	157	7.8	5.0	6.1
South Dakota	25	27	22	5.1	5.4	4.4
Tennessee	202	159	177	5.8	4.6	5.1
Texas	862	637	666	5.9	4.3	4.5
Utah	114	79	89	6.3	4.3	4.8
Vermont	21	18	22	6.4	5.4	6.4
Virginia	273	246	299	6.1	5.4	6.6
Washington	182	150	170	4.8	3.9	4.4
West Virginia	54	44	53	7.1	5.7	6.9
Wisconsin	216	150	154	6.7	4.7	4.8
Wyoming	19	22	16	6.0	6.9	5.2
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 7. Hires levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)			Rates
	July 2023	June 2024	July 2024(p)	July 2023	June 2024	July 2024(p)
TOTAL U.S.	6,306	6,047	6,053	4.0	3.8	3.8
Alabama	103	87	82	4.8	3.9	3.7
Alaska	22	37	24	6.2	10.6	6.7
Arizona	146	116	158	4.7	3.6	4.9
Arkansas	55	66	46	4.2	4.8	3.4
California	659	466	588	3.7	2.6	3.3
Colorado	98	161	144	3.3	5.3	4.8
Connecticut	67	72	75	3.9	4.1	4.4
Delaware	27	26	22	5.4	5.3	4.4
District of Columbia	32	25	26	4.1	3.2	3.3
Florida	381	385	326	4.0	3.9	3.3
Georgia	277	175	216	5.7	3.5	4.4
Hawaii	24	22	29	3.8	3.5	4.6
Idaho	44	53	47	5.1	6.0	5.4
Illinois	228	253	255	3.7	4.1	4.1
Indiana	140	129	146	4.4	3.9	4.5
Iowa	59	65	61	3.8	4.0	3.8
Kansas	51	53	49	3.6	3.6	3.4
Kentucky	81	79	75	4.1	3.9	3.7
Louisiana	120	84	77	6.2	4.3	3.9
Maine	31	37	37	4.7	5.5	5.4
Maryland	145	109	124	5.2	3.9	4.5
Massachusetts	140	149	142	3.7	3.9	3.7
Michigan	178	183	193	4.0	4.0	4.3
Minnesota	104	113	111	3.5	3.7	3.7
Mississippi	66	43	54	5.6	3.6	4.6
Missouri	102	117	106	3.4	3.8	3.5
Montana	27	39	32	5.2	7.2	5.8
Nebraska	37	44	40	3.5	4.0	3.7
Nevada	63	64	68	4.1	4.0	4.3
New Hampshire	32	37	32	4.6	5.2	4.6
New Jersey	153	172	154	3.5	3.8	3.5
New Mexico	37	33	38	4.3	3.8	4.3
New York	339	363	362	3.5	3.6	3.6
North Carolina	201	204	184	4.1	4.0	3.7
North Dakota	19	23	20	4.4	5.0	4.5
Ohio	205	236	194	3.6	4.1	3.4
Oklahoma	92	84	80	5.3	4.7	4.5
Oregon	88	78	95	4.4	3.9	4.8
Pennsylvania	178	192	222	2.9	3.1	3.6
Rhode Island	19	24	23	3.8	4.6	4.4
South Carolina	123	116	111	5.3	4.8	4.6
South Dakota	17	25	17	3.6	5.2	3.7
Tennessee	154	136	123	4.7	4.1	3.7
Texas	577	496	491	4.2	3.5	3.5
Utah	77	74	79	4.5	4.2	4.5
Vermont	13	17	16	4.3	5.4	5.0
Virginia	186	171	162	4.5	4.0	3.8
Washington	128	128	136	3.5	3.5	3.7
West Virginia	37	33	33	5.3	4.6	4.7
Wisconsin	111	134	115	3.7	4.3	3.8
Wyoming	14	22	15	4.8	7.3	5.1
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 8. Total separations levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)			Rates
	July 2023	June 2024	July 2024(p)	July 2023	June 2024	July 2024(p)
TOTAL U.S.	6,156	5,314	5,947	3.9	3.3	3.8
Alabama	102	74	84	4.7	3.3	3.8
Alaska	16	16	17	4.5	4.6	4.8
Arizona	154	152	153	4.9	4.8	4.8
Arkansas	64	60	65	4.8	4.3	4.7
California	572	486	499	3.2	2.7	2.8
Colorado	110	109	158	3.7	3.6	5.3
Connecticut	61	66	63	3.6	3.8	3.7
Delaware	22	20	23	4.4	3.9	4.6
District of Columbia	32	18	30	4.1	2.4	3.9
Florida	397	325	403	4.1	3.3	4.1
Georgia	222	182	222	4.6	3.7	4.5
Hawaii	21	22	22	3.3	3.5	3.5
Idaho	42	36	47	4.9	4.0	5.4
Illinois	201	214	191	3.3	3.5	3.1
Indiana	155	118	132	4.8	3.6	4.1
Iowa	62	47	58	3.9	2.9	3.6
Kansas	54	50	53	3.8	3.4	3.7
Kentucky	89	85	92	4.4	4.2	4.5
Louisiana	100	95	97	5.2	4.9	5.0
Maine	19	23	24	2.9	3.4	3.5
Maryland	113	84	118	4.1	3.0	4.2
Massachusetts	82	116	108	2.2	3.1	2.8
Michigan	182	126	161	4.1	2.8	3.6
Minnesota	115	91	83	3.8	3.0	2.7
Mississippi	65	49	59	5.5	4.1	5.0
Missouri	99	111	109	3.3	3.6	3.6
Montana	26	27	29	5.0	4.9	5.4
Nebraska	40	33	41	3.8	3.1	3.8
Nevada	67	61	74	4.4	3.8	4.7
New Hampshire	24	33	26	3.5	4.6	3.7
New Jersey	164	150	169	3.8	3.4	3.8
New Mexico	41	36	47	4.7	4.1	5.3
New York	321	261	279	3.3	2.6	2.8
North Carolina	215	162	192	4.4	3.2	3.8
North Dakota	21	17	23	4.8	3.7	5.3
Ohio	248	176	236	4.4	3.1	4.1
Oklahoma	89	83	79	5.1	4.7	4.5
Oregon	96	70	110	4.9	3.5	5.5
Pennsylvania	195	188	240	3.2	3.0	3.9
Rhode Island	17	20	20	3.4	3.9	3.9
South Carolina	105	105	122	4.6	4.4	5.1
South Dakota	19	15	20	4.1	3.2	4.2
Tennessee	142	118	144	4.3	3.5	4.3
Texas	597	512	436	4.3	3.6	3.1
Utah	84	70	82	4.9	3.9	4.7
Vermont	11	14	11	3.5	4.3	3.6
Virginia	185	147	208	4.4	3.4	4.9
Washington	131	117	131	3.6	3.2	3.5
West Virginia	40	26	44	5.7	3.7	6.1
Wisconsin	114	87	100	3.8	2.8	3.3
Wyoming	12	12	13	4.2	4.0	4.2
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 9. Quits levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)			Rates
	July 2023	June 2024	July 2024(p)	July 2023	June 2024	July 2024(p)
TOTAL U.S.	4,126	3,427	3,737	2.6	2.2	2.4
Alabama	66	51	54	3.0	2.3	2.4
Alaska	10	9	10	2.9	2.5	2.8
Arizona	113	87	86	3.6	2.7	2.7
Arkansas	44	39	41	3.3	2.8	3.0
California	350	284	304	2.0	1.6	1.7
Colorado	72	77	110	2.4	2.6	3.6
Connecticut	45	37	37	2.6	2.1	2.2
Delaware	15	12	14	3.0	2.5	2.8
District of Columbia	21	12	18	2.7	1.6	2.3
Florida	297	224	296	3.1	2.3	3.0
Georgia	164	125	136	3.4	2.5	2.7
Hawaii	15	13	13	2.3	2.1	2.1
Idaho	29	22	28	3.4	2.5	3.2
Illinois	128	146	108	2.1	2.3	1.7
Indiana	101	81	92	3.1	2.5	2.8
Iowa	41	33	37	2.6	2.0	2.3
Kansas	38	33	34	2.7	2.3	2.3
Kentucky	63	60	57	3.2	2.9	2.8
Louisiana	70	60	62	3.6	3.1	3.2
Maine	13	13	13	1.9	1.9	2.0
Maryland	71	56	73	2.6	2.0	2.6
Massachusetts	52	65	63	1.4	1.7	1.7
Michigan	120	90	99	2.7	2.0	2.2
Minnesota	75	60	53	2.5	2.0	1.8
Mississippi	39	32	38	3.4	2.7	3.2
Missouri	71	80	70	2.4	2.6	2.3
Montana	18	16	17	3.4	2.9	3.1
Nebraska	27	23	24	2.6	2.1	2.2
Nevada	47	37	42	3.1	2.3	2.7
New Hampshire	16	13	14	2.3	1.9	1.9
New Jersey	115	80	95	2.6	1.8	2.2
New Mexico	27	20	27	3.1	2.2	3.0
New York	173	174	162	1.8	1.7	1.6
North Carolina	144	110	127	2.9	2.2	2.6
North Dakota	15	11	12	3.3	2.5	2.7
Ohio	157	112	142	2.8	2.0	2.5
Oklahoma	64	48	51	3.7	2.7	2.9
Oregon	64	43	62	3.2	2.1	3.1
Pennsylvania	143	101	132	2.4	1.6	2.1
Rhode Island	12	10	11	2.3	2.0	2.2
South Carolina	73	75	83	3.2	3.1	3.5
South Dakota	13	11	12	2.7	2.2	2.6
Tennessee	98	78	93	3.0	2.3	2.8
Texas	412	379	327	3.0	2.7	2.3
Utah	61	42	52	3.6	2.4	3.0
Vermont	8	8	6	2.5	2.6	2.0
Virginia	122	90	118	2.9	2.1	2.8
Washington	82	62	80	2.3	1.7	2.2
West Virginia	27	17	29	3.8	2.4	4.0
Wisconsin	79	59	65	2.6	1.9	2.1
Wyoming	8	7	7	2.8	2.4	2.4
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 10. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)			Rates
	July 2023	June 2024	July 2024(p)	July 2023	June 2024	July 2024(p)
TOTAL U.S.	1,656	1,538	1,776	1.1	1.0	1.1
Alabama	34	19	25	1.6	0.8	1.1
Alaska	4	4	4	1.3	1.3	1.2
Arizona	34	45	49	1.1	1.4	1.5
Arkansas	17	17	20	1.3	1.2	1.5
California	175	181	171	1.0	1.0	1.0
Colorado	29	22	36	1.0	0.7	1.2
Connecticut	15	22	22	0.9	1.2	1.3
Delaware	6	6	8	1.2	1.2	1.6
District of Columbia	8	4	10	1.1	0.6	1.2
Florida	83	85	97	0.9	0.9	1.0
Georgia	52	46	75	1.1	0.9	1.5
Hawaii	5	6	5	0.8	1.0	0.9
Idaho	11	10	12	1.3	1.1	1.3
Illinois	57	62	58	0.9	1.0	0.9
Indiana	45	32	33	1.4	1.0	1.0
Iowa	16	12	15	1.0	0.8	0.9
Kansas	12	13	15	0.9	0.9	1.0
Kentucky	21	21	24	1.1	1.0	1.2
Louisiana	26	30	28	1.4	1.6	1.4
Maine	6	8	9	0.8	1.1	1.3
Maryland	34	23	35	1.2	0.8	1.3
Massachusetts	26	41	36	0.7	1.1	1.0
Michigan	50	26	47	1.1	0.6	1.0
Minnesota	26	27	22	0.8	0.9	0.7
Mississippi	24	12	17	2.0	1.0	1.4
Missouri	21	24	25	0.7	0.8	0.8
Montana	7	8	8	1.3	1.5	1.4
Nebraska	10	9	12	0.9	0.8	1.1
Nevada	18	19	23	1.2	1.2	1.4
New Hampshire	7	17	11	1.1	2.3	1.5
New Jersey	41	61	60	0.9	1.4	1.4
New Mexico	11	11	11	1.3	1.3	1.2
New York	130	71	105	1.3	0.7	1.0
North Carolina	61	44	57	1.2	0.9	1.1
North Dakota	5	4	9	1.1	1.0	2.0
Ohio	70	55	83	1.2	1.0	1.5
Oklahoma	21	31	23	1.2	1.8	1.3
Oregon	26	19	31	1.3	1.0	1.6
Pennsylvania	45	71	92	0.7	1.1	1.5
Rhode Island	5	8	8	1.0	1.5	1.5
South Carolina	29	22	34	1.2	0.9	1.4
South Dakota	5	4	6	1.0	0.8	1.3
Tennessee	38	33	42	1.2	1.0	1.3
Texas	131	105	87	0.9	0.7	0.6
Utah	20	21	20	1.2	1.2	1.1
Vermont	3	4	4	0.8	1.2	1.3
Virginia	57	40	72	1.4	0.9	1.7
Washington	44	48	38	1.2	1.3	1.0
West Virginia	11	7	12	1.6	0.9	1.7
Wisconsin	24	22	27	0.8	0.7	0.9
Wyoming	3	3	3	1.1	1.1	1.1
Footnotes (p) Preliminary