State Job Openings and Labor Turnover News Release

For release 10:00 a.m. (ET) Tuesday, September 19, 2023	USDL-23-2023
Technical information:	(202) 691-5870  •  JoltsInfo@bls.gov  •  www.bls.gov/jlt
Media contact:		(202) 691-5902  •  PressOffice@bls.gov

			STATE JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – JULY 2023

Job openings rates decreased in 9 states and increased in 3 states on the last business day of July, the 
U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Hires rates decreased in 6 states. Total separations rates 
decreased in 4 states and increased in 1 state. Nationally, the job openings, hires, and total separations 
rates showed little change in July. 

This release includes estimates of the number and rate of job openings, hires, total separations, quits, and 
layoffs and discharges for the total nonfarm sector and for all states and the District of Columbia. 

Job Openings

In July, job openings rates decreased in 9 states, increased in 3 states, and were little changed in 38 
states and the District of Columbia. The largest decreases in job openings rates occurred in Louisiana  
(-1.3 percentage points) and in Maryland, Tennessee, and Virginia (-0.9 point each). The increases 
occurred in Maine (+0.9 point), New Hampshire (+0.8 point), and New Jersey (+0.5 point). Over the 
month, the national job openings rate was little changed. (See table 1.)

The number of job openings decreased in 13 states, increased in 3 states, and was little changed in 34 
states and the District of Columbia in July. The largest decreases in the job openings level occurred in 
Florida (-66,000), Virginia (-45,000), and Tennessee (-35,000). The increases occurred in New Jersey 
(+25,000), as well as in Maine and New Hampshire (+6,000 each). Nationally, the number of job 
openings edged down over the month. (See table 1.)

Hires

In July, hires rates decreased in 6 states and were little changed in 44 states and the District of 
Columbia. The largest decreases in the hires rates occurred in Alaska (-1.3 percentage points) and 
Louisiana (-0.9 point), as well as in Colorado and North Carolina (-0.8 point each). The national hires 
rate was little changed over the month. (See table 2.)

The number of hires decreased in 7 states and was little changed in 43 states and the District of 
Columbia in July. The largest decreases in the hires level occurred in Texas (-63,000), North Carolina  
(-37,000), and New Jersey (-29,000). Nationally, the number of hires changed little over the month. 
(See table 2.)

Total Separations

In July, total separations rates decreased in 4 states, increased in 1 state, and were little changed in 45 
states and the District of Columbia. The decreases in total separations rates occurred in Kansas  
(-1.3 percentage points) and Arizona (-1.0 point), as well as in Florida and Illinois (-0.6 point each). The 
increase occurred in Alaska (+0.9 point). Over the month, the national total separations rate was little 
changed. (See table 3.)

The number of total separations decreased in 5 states, increased in 1 state, and was little changed in 44 
states and the District of Columbia in July. The largest decreases occurred in Florida (-59,000), Texas  
(-54,000), and Illinois (-37,000). The one increase in the total separations level occurred in Alaska 
(+3,000). Nationally, the number of total separations changed little over the month. (See table 3.)
 
Quits

In July, quits rates decreased in 7 states and were little changed in 43 states and the District of 
Columbia. The largest decreases in quits rates occurred in Kansas (-0.9 percentage point), as well as in 
New Hampshire and New Mexico (-0.6 point each). Over the month, the national quits rate was little 
changed. (See table 4.)

The number of quits decreased in 8 states, increased in 1 state, and was little changed in 41 states and 
the District of Columbia in July. The largest decreases in the quits level occurred in Texas  
(-52,000), Florida (-37,000), and Illinois (-34,000). The one increase occurred in New Jersey (+16,000). 
Nationally, the number of quits decreased over the month (-253,000). (See table 4.)
 
Layoffs and Discharges 

In July, layoffs and discharges rates increased in 4 states, decreased in 2 states, and were little changed 
in 44 states and the District of Columbia. The increases in layoffs and discharges rates occurred in New 
Hampshire and Rhode Island (+0.6 percentage point each) and in Connecticut and Mississippi (+0.5 
point each). The decreases occurred in Arizona (-0.7 point) and Kansas (-0.4 point). Over the month, the 
national layoffs and discharges rate was unchanged. (See table 5.)

The number of layoffs and discharges increased in 5 states, decreased in 2 states, and was little 
changed in 43 states and the District of Columbia in July. The largest increases in the layoffs and 
discharges levels occurred in Connecticut (+8,000), Mississippi (+6,000), and New Hampshire (+4,000). 
The decreases occurred in Arizona (-21,000) and Kansas (-5,000). Nationally, the number of layoffs and 
discharges was little changed. (See table 5.)

For more information, please see the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS) interactive 
charts at www.bls.gov/charts/state-job-openings-and-labor-turnover/state-job-openings-rates.htm#.  
	
______________
State Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey estimates for August 2023 are scheduled to be 
released on Wednesday, October 18, 2023, at 10:00 a.m. (ET).

Technical Note

This news release presents statistics from the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The JOLTS 
program provides information on labor demand and turnover. Additional information about the JOLTS program can 
be found at www.bls.gov/jlt/. State estimates are published for job openings, hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, and 
total separations. The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments, as well as civilian federal, state, 
and local government entities in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Starting with data for January 2023, 
industries are classified in accordance with the 2022 North American Industry Classification System.

Definitions

Employment. Employment includes persons on the payroll who worked or received pay for the pay period that 
includes the 12th day of the reference month. Full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term, seasonal, salaried, and 
hourly employees are included, as are employees on paid vacation or other paid leave. Proprietors or partners of 
unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, or employees on strike for the entire pay period, and employees 
on leave without pay for the entire pay period are not counted as employed. Employees of temporary help agencies, 
employee leasing companies, outside contractors, and consultants are counted by their employer of record, not by 
the establishment where they are working. JOLTS does not publish employment estimates but uses the reported 
employment for validation of the other reported data elements.

Job Openings. Job openings include all positions that are open on the last business day of the reference month. 
A job is open only if it meets all three of these conditions: 
* A specific position exists and there is work available for that position. The position can be full-time or part-
time, and it can be permanent, short-term, or seasonal. 
* The job could start within 30 days, whether or not the employer can find a suitable candidate during that time. 
* The employer is actively recruiting workers from outside the establishment to fill the position. Active recruiting 
means that the establishment is taking steps to fill a position. It may include advertising in newspapers, on 
television, or on the radio; posting internet notices, posting "help wanted" signs, networking, or making "word-
of-mouth" announcements; accepting applications; interviewing candidates; contacting employment agencies; 
or soliciting employees at job fairs, state or local employment offices, or similar sources.

Excluded are positions open only to internal transfers, promotions or demotions, or recall from layoffs. Also 
excluded are openings for positions with start dates more than 30 days in the future; positions for which employees 
have been hired but the employees have not yet reported for work; and positions to be filled by employees of 
temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The job openings rate is 
computed by dividing the number of job openings by the sum of employment and job openings and multiplying that 
quotient by 100.

Hires. Hires include all additions to the payroll during the entire reference month, including newly hired and 
rehired employees; full-time and part-time employees; permanent, short-term, and seasonal employees; employees 
who were recalled to a job at the location following a layoff (formal suspension from pay status) lasting more than 7 
days; on-call or intermittent employees who returned to work after having been formally separated; workers who 
were hired and separated during the month, and transfers from other locations. Excluded are transfers or promotions 
within the reporting location, employees returning from strike, employees of temporary help agencies, employee 
leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The hires rate is computed by dividing the number of hires by 
employment and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Separations. Separations include all separations from the payroll during the entire reference month and is 
reported by type of separation:  quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Quits include employees who 
left voluntarily, with the exception of retirements or transfers to other locations. Layoffs and discharges includes 
involuntary separations initiated by the employer, such as layoffs with no intent to rehire; layoffs (formal 
suspensions from pay status) lasting or expected to last more than 7 days; discharges resulting from mergers, 
downsizing, or closings; firings or other discharges for cause; terminations of permanent or short-term employees; 
and terminations of seasonal employees (whether or not they are expected to return the next season). Other 
separations include retirements, transfers to other locations, separations due to employee disability; and deaths. 
Other separations comprise less than 8 percent of total separations. Other separations rates are generally very low, 
and other separations variance estimates are relatively high. Consequently, the other separations component is not 
published for states. 

Excluded from separations are transfers within the same location; employees on strike; employees of temporary help 
agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The separations rate is computed by 
dividing the number of separations by employment and multiplying that quotient by 100. The quits and layoffs and 
discharges rates are computed similarly.

State Estimation Method

The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random sample of approximately 21,000 nonfarm business and 
government establishments. The sample is stratified by ownership, region, industry sector, and establishment size 
class. The JOLTS sample of 21,000 establishments does not directly support the production of sample-based state 
estimates. However, state estimates have been produced by combining the available sample with model-based 
estimates.

The state estimates consist of four major estimating models; the Composite Regional model (an unpublished 
intermediate model), the Synthetic model (an unpublished intermediate model), the Composite Synthetic model 
(published historical series through the most current benchmark year), and the Extended Composite Synthetic model 
(published current-year monthly series). The Composite Regional model uses JOLTS microdata, JOLTS regional 
published estimates, and Current Employment Statistics (CES) employment data. The Composite Synthetic model 
uses JOLTS microdata and Synthetic model estimates derived from monthly employment changes in microdata from 
the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW), and JOLTS published regional data. The Extended 
Composite Synthetic model extends the Composite Synthetic estimates by ratio-adjusting the Composite Synthetic 
model by the ratio of the current Composite Regional model estimate to the Composite Regional model estimate 
from the previous year.

The Extended Composite Synthetic model (and its major component-the Composite Regional model) is used 
to extend the Composite Synthetic estimates because all of the inputs required by this model are available at the time 
monthly estimate are produced. In contrast, the Composite Synthetic model (and its major component-the 
Synthetic model) can only be produced when the latest QCEW data are available. The Extended Composite 
Synthetic model estimates are used to extend the Composite Synthetic model estimates during the annual JOLTS
retabulation process. The extension of the Composite Synthetic model using current data-based Composite Regional 
model estimates ensures that the Composite Synthetic model estimates reflect current economic trends.

The Composite Regional approach calculates state-level JOLTS estimates from JOLTS microdata using sample 
weights and the adjustments for non-response. The Composite Regional estimate is then benchmarked to CES state-
supersector employment to produce state-supersector estimates. The JOLTS sample, by itself, cannot ensure a 
reasonably sized sample for each state-supersector cell. The small JOLTS sample results in several state-supersector 
cells that lack enough data to produce a reasonable estimate. To overcome this issue, the state-level estimates 
derived directly from the JOLTS sample are augmented using JOLTS regional estimates when the number of 
respondents is low (that is, less than 30). This approach is known as a composite estimate, which leverages the small 
JOLTS sample to the greatest extent possible and supplements that with a model-based estimate. Previous research 
has found that regional industry estimates are a good proxy at finer levels of geographical detail. That is, one can 
make a reliable prediction of JOLTS estimates at the regional-level using only national industry-level JOLTS rates. 
The assumption in this approach is that one can make a good prediction of JOLTS estimates at the state-level using 
only regional industry-level JOLTS rates.)

In this approach, the JOLTS microdata-based estimate is used, without model augmentation, in all state-
supersector cells that have 30 or more respondents. The JOLTS regional estimate will be used, without a sample-
based component, in all state-supersector cells that have fewer than five respondents. In all state-supersector cells 
with 5 to 30 respondents, an estimate is calculated that is a composition of a weighted estimate of the microdata-
based estimate and a weighted estimate of the JOLTS regional estimate. The weight assigned to the JOLTS data in 
those cells is proportional the number of JOLTS respondents in the cell (weight=n/30, where n is the number of 
respondents). The sum of state estimates within a region is made equal to the aligned regional JOLTS published 
regional estimates.

Seasonal adjustment. BLS uses the seasonal adjustment program (X-13ARIMA-SEATS) to seasonally adjust 
the JOLTS series. Each month, a concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology uses all relevant data, up to and 
including the current month, to calculate new seasonal adjustment factors. Moving averages are used as seasonal 
filters in seasonal adjustment. JOLTS seasonal adjustment includes both additive and multiplicative models, as well 
as regression with autocorrelated errors (REGARIMA) modeling, to improve the seasonal adjustment factors at the 
beginning and end of the series and to detect and adjust for outliers in the series. 

Annual estimates and benchmarking. The JOLTS state estimates utilize and leverage data from three BLS 
programs; JOLTS, CES, and QCEW. These state estimates are published as a historical series made up of a 
historical annually revised benchmark component ofthe Composite Synthetic model and a current component of the 
Extended Composite Synthetic model that provides monthly "real-time" estimates between lagged benchmarks.

The JOLTS employment levels are ratio-adjusted to the CES employment levels, and the resulting ratios are 
applied to all JOLTS data elements.

The seasonally adjusted estimates are recalculated for the most recent 5 years to reflect updated seasonal 
adjustment factors. These annual updates result in revisions to both the seasonally adjusted and not seasonally 
adjusted JOLTS data series for the period since the last benchmark was established.

Annual levels for hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total separations are the sum of the 
12 published monthly levels. 

Annual average levels for job openings are calculated by dividing the sum of the 12 published monthly levels 
by 12. 

Annual average rates for hires, total separations quits, and layoffs and discharges are calculated by dividing the 
sum of the 12 monthly JOLTS published levels for each data element by the sum of the 12 monthly CES published 
employment levels, and multiplying that quotient by 100. 

Annual average rates for job openings are calculated by dividing the sum of the 12 monthly JOLTS published 
levels by the sum of the 12 monthly CES published employment levels plus the sum of the 12 monthly job openings 
levels, and multiplying that quotient by 100.)

Reliability of the estimates

JOLTS estimates are subject to two types of error:  sampling error and nonsampling error.

Sampling error can result when a sample, rather than an entire population, is surveyed. There is a chance that 
the sample estimates may differ from the true population values they represent. The exact difference, or sampling 
error, varies with the sample selected, and this variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. BLS 
analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence. This means that there is a 90-percent chance 
that the true population mean will fall into the interval created by the sample mean plus or minus 1.65 standard 
errors. Estimates of median standard errors are released monthly as part of the significant change tables on the 
JOLTS webpage. Standard errors are updated annually with the most recent 5 years of data. For sampling error 
estimates, see www.bls.gov/jlt/jolts_median_standard_errors.htm.

Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, including the failure to include a segment of the population, the 
inability to obtain data from all units in the sample, the inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide data on a 
timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, errors made in the collection or processing of the data, and errors from 
the employment benchmark data used in estimation. The JOLTS program uses quality control procedures to reduce 
nonsampling error in the survey's design. 

The JOLTS state variance estimates account for both sampling error and the error attributable to modeling. A 
small area domain model uses a Bayesian approach to develop estimates of JOLTS state variance. The small area 
model uses QCEW-based JOLTS synthetic model data to generate a Bayesian prior distribution, then updates the 
prior distribution using JOLTS microdata and sample-based variance estimates at the state and US Census regional 
level to generate a Bayesian posterior distribution. Once the Bayesian posterior distribution has been generated, 
estimates of JOLTS state variances are made by drawing 2,500 estimates from the Bayesian posterior distribution. 
This Bayesian approach thus indirectly accounts for sampling error and directly for model error.

Other information

If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access telecommunications 
relay services.

Table 1. Job openings levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)						Rates
	July 2022	Apr. 2023	May 2023	June 2023	July 2023(p)	Change from: June 2023 - July 2023(p)	July 2022	Apr. 2023	May 2023	June 2023	July 2023(p)	Change from: June 2023 - July 2023(p)
TOTAL U.S.	11,380	10,320	9,616	9,165	8,827	-338	6.9	6.2	5.8	5.5	5.3	-0.2
Alabama	158	145	137	138	126	-12	6.9	6.3	6.0	6.0	5.5	-0.5
Alaska	31	28	27	26	24	-2	8.8	7.9	7.7	7.4	6.9	-0.5
Arizona	270	240	200	184	191	7	8.0	7.1	6.0	5.5	5.7	0.2
Arkansas	97	101	99	91	82	-9	6.8	6.9	6.8	6.3	5.7	-0.6
California	1,369	1,043	912	926	962	36	7.2	5.5	4.8	4.9	5.0	0.1
Colorado	238	259	188	181	179	-2	7.7	8.2	6.1	5.9	5.8	-0.1
Connecticut	117	97	82	90	92	2	6.5	5.4	4.6	5.1	5.2	0.1
Delaware	40	37	35	33	33	0	7.8	7.1	6.7	6.4	6.4	0.0
District of Columbia	53	40	44	42	42	0	6.5	4.9	5.4	5.1	5.1	0.0
Florida	621	669	623	618	552	-66	6.2	6.4	6.0	6.0	5.3	-0.7
Georgia	427	385	371	340	311	-29	8.1	7.3	7.0	6.5	6.0	-0.5
Hawaii	50	38	33	31	31	0	7.4	5.7	5.0	4.7	4.6	-0.1
Idaho	75	57	55	50	55	5	8.3	6.3	6.1	5.5	6.1	0.6
Illinois	444	423	422	363	348	-15	6.8	6.5	6.4	5.6	5.4	-0.2
Indiana	249	193	185	167	165	-2	7.2	5.6	5.4	4.9	4.8	-0.1
Iowa	103	107	102	85	78	-7	6.2	6.3	6.0	5.1	4.7	-0.4
Kansas	113	97	90	82	81	-1	7.4	6.3	5.9	5.4	5.3	-0.1
Kentucky	151	145	144	126	112	-14	7.1	6.8	6.7	5.9	5.3	-0.6
Louisiana	146	148	156	147	119	-28	7.0	7.0	7.4	7.0	5.7	-1.3
Maine	50	44	42	37	43	6	7.2	6.4	6.1	5.4	6.3	0.9
Maryland	204	206	204	197	169	-28	7.0	7.0	6.9	6.7	5.8	-0.9
Massachusetts	288	298	254	253	242	-11	7.2	7.3	6.3	6.3	6.0	-0.3
Michigan	316	296	247	239	218	-21	6.7	6.3	5.3	5.1	4.7	-0.4
Minnesota	226	206	208	199	201	2	7.1	6.5	6.5	6.3	6.3	0.0
Mississippi	88	91	87	85	80	-5	7.0	7.2	6.9	6.8	6.4	-0.4
Missouri	211	190	173	155	167	12	6.7	6.0	5.5	4.9	5.3	0.4
Montana	51	41	36	35	34	-1	9.1	7.3	6.5	6.3	6.2	-0.1
Nebraska	71	69	63	59	55	-4	6.5	6.2	5.7	5.3	5.0	-0.3
Nevada	110	113	104	92	91	-1	6.9	6.8	6.3	5.6	5.5	-0.1
New Hampshire	54	47	40	43	49	6	7.3	6.3	5.4	5.8	6.6	0.8
New Jersey	263	232	194	226	251	25	5.8	5.1	4.3	5.0	5.5	0.5
New Mexico	80	71	65	59	59	0	8.6	7.6	7.0	6.3	6.3	0.0
New York	562	460	434	446	456	10	5.5	4.5	4.3	4.4	4.5	0.1
North Carolina	375	379	407	330	300	-30	7.2	7.2	7.7	6.3	5.7	-0.6
North Dakota	31	29	30	28	26	-2	6.7	6.3	6.5	6.0	5.6	-0.4
Ohio	441	393	372	351	321	-30	7.4	6.5	6.2	5.9	5.4	-0.5
Oklahoma	123	128	128	120	105	-15	6.7	6.9	6.9	6.5	5.7	-0.8
Oregon	155	126	117	105	108	3	7.3	6.0	5.5	5.0	5.1	0.1
Pennsylvania	413	399	345	350	340	-10	6.4	6.1	5.3	5.4	5.2	-0.2
Rhode Island	36	33	27	29	30	1	6.7	6.2	5.2	5.5	5.7	0.2
South Carolina	177	172	177	168	167	-1	7.3	7.0	7.2	6.8	6.8	0.0
South Dakota	31	31	31	28	25	-3	6.4	6.3	6.3	5.7	5.1	-0.6
Tennessee	258	252	237	225	190	-35	7.3	7.1	6.7	6.3	5.4	-0.9
Texas	968	819	824	782	745	-37	6.7	5.6	5.6	5.3	5.1	-0.2
Utah	124	113	105	95	93	-2	6.9	6.2	5.7	5.2	5.1	-0.1
Vermont	22	21	18	19	18	-1	6.7	6.4	5.5	5.9	5.5	-0.4
Virginia	339	315	305	290	245	-45	7.7	7.1	6.9	6.5	5.6	-0.9
Washington	268	213	180	168	181	13	7.0	5.6	4.7	4.4	4.7	0.3
West Virginia	66	55	56	53	52	-1	8.7	7.3	7.4	7.0	6.9	-0.1
Wisconsin	202	205	183	162	164	2	6.4	6.4	5.7	5.1	5.2	0.1
Wyoming	24	22	19	18	18	0	7.8	7.1	6.1	5.8	5.8	0.0
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 2. Hires levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)						Rates
	July 2022	Apr. 2023	May 2023	June 2023	July 2023(p)	Change from: June 2023 - July 2023(p)	July 2022	Apr. 2023	May 2023	June 2023	July 2023(p)	Change from: June 2023 - July 2023(p)
TOTAL U.S.	6,340	6,101	6,231	5,940	5,773	-167	4.1	3.9	4.0	3.8	3.7	-0.1
Alabama	101	93	107	96	95	-1	4.8	4.3	5.0	4.5	4.4	-0.1
Alaska	18	18	21	20	16	-4	5.6	5.5	6.5	6.2	4.9	-1.3
Arizona	158	148	147	135	130	-5	5.1	4.7	4.7	4.3	4.1	-0.2
Arkansas	63	61	66	63	57	-6	4.7	4.5	4.8	4.6	4.2	-0.4
California	616	539	532	617	627	10	3.5	3.0	2.9	3.4	3.5	0.1
Colorado	99	128	119	112	89	-23	3.5	4.4	4.1	3.9	3.1	-0.8
Connecticut	75	59	58	52	60	8	4.5	3.5	3.4	3.1	3.5	0.4
Delaware	27	24	24	24	25	1	5.7	5.0	4.9	4.9	5.2	0.3
District of Columbia	24	24	28	25	26	1	3.1	3.1	3.6	3.2	3.4	0.2
Florida	373	404	402	377	378	1	3.9	4.2	4.1	3.9	3.9	0.0
Georgia	265	230	221	218	236	18	5.5	4.7	4.5	4.4	4.8	0.4
Hawaii	22	21	21	21	20	-1	3.5	3.3	3.3	3.3	3.1	-0.2
Idaho	40	41	42	37	38	1	4.8	4.8	4.9	4.3	4.5	0.2
Illinois	249	248	267	239	219	-20	4.1	4.0	4.4	3.9	3.6	-0.3
Indiana	134	151	153	123	136	13	4.2	4.6	4.7	3.8	4.2	0.4
Iowa	62	60	63	55	51	-4	3.9	3.8	3.9	3.5	3.2	-0.3
Kansas	74	59	59	52	57	5	5.2	4.1	4.1	3.6	3.9	0.3
Kentucky	92	84	92	85	81	-4	4.7	4.2	4.6	4.2	4.0	-0.2
Louisiana	95	85	105	115	98	-17	4.9	4.3	5.4	5.9	5.0	-0.9
Maine	27	25	25	24	22	-2	4.2	3.9	3.9	3.7	3.4	-0.3
Maryland	114	107	113	104	110	6	4.2	3.9	4.1	3.8	4.0	0.2
Massachusetts	124	135	113	121	121	0	3.4	3.6	3.0	3.2	3.2	0.0
Michigan	176	153	167	155	167	12	4.0	3.5	3.8	3.5	3.8	0.3
Minnesota	112	117	121	102	108	6	3.8	3.9	4.1	3.4	3.6	0.2
Mississippi	59	52	56	57	56	-1	5.0	4.4	4.8	4.9	4.8	-0.1
Missouri	107	105	116	102	99	-3	3.6	3.5	3.9	3.4	3.3	-0.1
Montana	27	25	28	28	24	-4	5.3	4.8	5.4	5.4	4.7	-0.7
Nebraska	40	41	42	40	38	-2	3.9	3.9	4.0	3.8	3.6	-0.2
Nevada	67	67	64	65	65	0	4.5	4.4	4.1	4.2	4.2	0.0
New Hampshire	29	37	28	25	29	4	4.2	5.3	4.0	3.6	4.2	0.6
New Jersey	152	167	161	168	139	-29	3.6	3.9	3.7	3.9	3.2	-0.7
New Mexico	39	34	37	34	38	4	4.6	3.9	4.3	3.9	4.4	0.5
New York	302	281	277	282	288	6	3.2	2.9	2.9	2.9	3.0	0.1
North Carolina	239	213	222	204	167	-37	5.0	4.4	4.5	4.2	3.4	-0.8
North Dakota	20	17	21	19	17	-2	4.7	3.9	4.8	4.3	3.9	-0.4
Ohio	230	222	214	200	189	-11	4.1	4.0	3.8	3.6	3.4	-0.2
Oklahoma	82	79	80	78	83	5	4.8	4.6	4.6	4.5	4.8	0.3
Oregon	79	72	88	77	68	-9	4.0	3.6	4.4	3.9	3.4	-0.5
Pennsylvania	178	198	205	181	174	-7	3.0	3.2	3.3	3.0	2.8	-0.2
Rhode Island	21	25	21	19	18	-1	4.2	5.0	4.2	3.8	3.6	-0.2
South Carolina	110	110	114	112	103	-9	4.9	4.8	5.0	4.9	4.5	-0.4
South Dakota	20	19	20	20	18	-2	4.4	4.1	4.3	4.3	3.9	-0.4
Tennessee	169	160	172	154	162	8	5.2	4.8	5.2	4.6	4.9	0.3
Texas	638	624	619	572	509	-63	4.7	4.5	4.4	4.1	3.6	-0.5
Utah	68	70	73	68	64	-4	4.0	4.1	4.2	3.9	3.7	-0.2
Vermont	12	15	13	12	11	-1	3.9	4.8	4.2	3.9	3.6	-0.3
Virginia	196	169	174	177	175	-2	4.8	4.1	4.2	4.3	4.2	-0.1
Washington	147	129	149	119	125	6	4.1	3.6	4.1	3.3	3.4	0.1
West Virginia	40	32	34	33	36	3	5.8	4.6	4.9	4.7	5.1	0.4
Wisconsin	114	111	124	108	96	-12	3.8	3.7	4.1	3.6	3.2	-0.4
Wyoming	15	14	13	13	13	0	5.3	4.8	4.5	4.4	4.5	0.1
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 3. Total separations levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)						Rates
	July 2022	Apr. 2023	May 2023	June 2023	July 2023(p)	Change from: June 2023 - July 2023(p)	July 2022	Apr. 2023	May 2023	June 2023	July 2023(p)	Change from: June 2023 - July 2023(p)
TOTAL U.S.	5,864	5,660	5,925	5,691	5,483	-208	3.8	3.6	3.8	3.6	3.5	-0.1
Alabama	88	76	104	87	91	4	4.2	3.5	4.8	4.0	4.2	0.2
Alaska	21	26	17	16	19	3	6.6	8.0	5.2	4.9	5.8	0.9
Arizona	142	142	119	160	129	-31	4.6	4.5	3.8	5.1	4.1	-1.0
Arkansas	56	54	66	54	56	2	4.2	4.0	4.8	4.0	4.1	0.1
California	553	505	522	518	482	-36	3.1	2.8	2.9	2.9	2.7	-0.2
Colorado	115	116	106	110	101	-9	4.0	4.0	3.6	3.8	3.5	-0.3
Connecticut	59	56	64	56	62	6	3.5	3.3	3.8	3.3	3.7	0.4
Delaware	22	21	30	23	22	-1	4.7	4.3	6.2	4.7	4.6	-0.1
District of Columbia	25	21	28	25	25	0	3.3	2.7	3.6	3.2	3.2	0.0
Florida	397	397	408	412	353	-59	4.2	4.1	4.2	4.2	3.6	-0.6
Georgia	269	192	247	191	198	7	5.6	3.9	5.0	3.9	4.0	0.1
Hawaii	19	19	20	19	20	1	3.0	3.0	3.2	3.0	3.1	0.1
Idaho	44	44	36	35	39	4	5.3	5.2	4.2	4.1	4.6	0.5
Illinois	198	243	210	216	179	-37	3.3	4.0	3.4	3.5	2.9	-0.6
Indiana	119	145	132	131	129	-2	3.7	4.5	4.0	4.0	3.9	-0.1
Iowa	56	69	57	59	58	-1	3.6	4.3	3.6	3.7	3.7	0.0
Kansas	55	65	54	65	46	-19	3.9	4.5	3.7	4.5	3.2	-1.3
Kentucky	78	89	99	84	85	1	4.0	4.4	4.9	4.2	4.2	0.0
Louisiana	90	82	107	92	85	-7	4.7	4.2	5.5	4.7	4.3	-0.4
Maine	23	22	29	22	22	0	3.6	3.4	4.5	3.4	3.4	0.0
Maryland	96	110	117	95	103	8	3.5	4.0	4.3	3.5	3.8	0.3
Massachusetts	126	114	104	103	98	-5	3.4	3.0	2.8	2.7	2.6	-0.1
Michigan	146	148	164	154	149	-5	3.3	3.3	3.7	3.5	3.4	-0.1
Minnesota	101	102	101	111	113	2	3.4	3.4	3.4	3.7	3.8	0.1
Mississippi	60	52	63	51	57	6	5.1	4.4	5.4	4.3	4.9	0.6
Missouri	132	112	107	98	100	2	4.5	3.8	3.6	3.3	3.3	0.0
Montana	26	29	27	27	28	1	5.1	5.6	5.2	5.2	5.4	0.2
Nebraska	35	43	38	37	36	-1	3.4	4.1	3.6	3.5	3.4	-0.1
Nevada	76	66	65	65	61	-4	5.1	4.3	4.2	4.2	3.9	-0.3
New Hampshire	28	25	30	31	30	-1	4.1	3.6	4.3	4.4	4.3	-0.1
New Jersey	158	150	125	128	145	17	3.7	3.5	2.9	3.0	3.3	0.3
New Mexico	38	35	33	36	37	1	4.5	4.0	3.8	4.1	4.2	0.1
New York	245	231	283	256	259	3	2.6	2.4	2.9	2.6	2.7	0.1
North Carolina	212	197	217	198	194	-4	4.4	4.0	4.4	4.0	3.9	-0.1
North Dakota	17	22	16	20	17	-3	4.0	5.1	3.7	4.6	3.9	-0.7
Ohio	218	229	211	200	195	-5	3.9	4.1	3.8	3.6	3.5	-0.1
Oklahoma	70	67	75	76	73	-3	4.1	3.9	4.3	4.4	4.2	-0.2
Oregon	87	81	79	73	74	1	4.4	4.1	4.0	3.7	3.7	0.0
Pennsylvania	222	176	193	203	190	-13	3.7	2.9	3.2	3.3	3.1	-0.2
Rhode Island	20	20	21	17	20	3	4.0	4.0	4.2	3.4	4.1	0.7
South Carolina	95	91	104	96	103	7	4.2	4.0	4.5	4.2	4.5	0.3
South Dakota	17	23	18	19	18	-1	3.7	5.0	3.9	4.1	3.9	-0.2
Tennessee	157	133	166	133	139	6	4.8	4.0	5.0	4.0	4.2	0.2
Texas	511	476	554	571	517	-54	3.8	3.4	4.0	4.1	3.7	-0.4
Utah	71	70	79	70	69	-1	4.2	4.1	4.6	4.1	4.0	-0.1
Vermont	11	11	14	12	13	1	3.6	3.6	4.6	3.9	4.2	0.3
Virginia	155	173	184	164	162	-2	3.8	4.2	4.4	4.0	3.9	-0.1
Washington	148	131	120	114	125	11	4.2	3.6	3.3	3.1	3.4	0.3
West Virginia	35	34	35	37	34	-3	5.0	4.9	5.0	5.3	4.9	-0.4
Wisconsin	108	112	110	103	106	3	3.6	3.7	3.7	3.4	3.5	0.1
Wyoming	15	16	15	15	15	0	5.3	5.5	5.2	5.1	5.1	0.0
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 4. Quits levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)						Rates
	July 2022	Apr. 2023	May 2023	June 2023	July 2023(p)	Change from: June 2023 - July 2023(p)	July 2022	Apr. 2023	May 2023	June 2023	July 2023(p)	Change from: June 2023 - July 2023(p)
TOTAL U.S.	4,016	3,765	4,067	3,802	3,549	-253	2.6	2.4	2.6	2.4	2.3	-0.1
Alabama	61	55	81	62	61	-1	2.9	2.6	3.8	2.9	2.8	-0.1
Alaska	12	11	11	11	11	0	3.8	3.4	3.4	3.4	3.4	0.0
Arizona	112	103	90	104	91	-13	3.6	3.3	2.9	3.3	2.9	-0.4
Arkansas	41	37	48	37	37	0	3.1	2.7	3.5	2.7	2.7	0.0
California	398	341	341	340	309	-31	2.2	1.9	1.9	1.9	1.7	-0.2
Colorado	78	77	72	75	62	-13	2.7	2.7	2.5	2.6	2.1	-0.5
Connecticut	38	35	42	33	33	0	2.3	2.1	2.5	2.0	2.0	0.0
Delaware	15	15	21	16	15	-1	3.2	3.1	4.3	3.3	3.1	-0.2
District of Columbia	16	14	20	18	16	-2	2.1	1.8	2.6	2.3	2.1	-0.2
Florida	273	290	293	297	260	-37	2.9	3.0	3.0	3.1	2.7	-0.4
Georgia	186	142	164	128	135	7	3.9	2.9	3.3	2.6	2.8	0.2
Hawaii	12	12	13	12	12	0	1.9	1.9	2.1	1.9	1.9	0.0
Idaho	25	27	25	24	24	0	3.0	3.2	2.9	2.8	2.8	0.0
Illinois	130	144	136	149	115	-34	2.1	2.4	2.2	2.4	1.9	-0.5
Indiana	88	94	90	89	86	-3	2.7	2.9	2.8	2.7	2.6	-0.1
Iowa	41	45	35	36	37	1	2.6	2.8	2.2	2.3	2.3	0.0
Kansas	44	36	37	44	31	-13	3.1	2.5	2.6	3.0	2.1	-0.9
Kentucky	55	65	73	56	58	2	2.8	3.2	3.6	2.8	2.9	0.1
Louisiana	62	57	73	62	57	-5	3.2	2.9	3.7	3.2	2.9	-0.3
Maine	16	15	20	13	12	-1	2.5	2.3	3.1	2.0	1.9	-0.1
Maryland	61	75	80	64	64	0	2.2	2.7	2.9	2.3	2.3	0.0
Massachusetts	93	71	63	58	51	-7	2.5	1.9	1.7	1.5	1.3	-0.2
Michigan	107	89	103	105	92	-13	2.4	2.0	2.3	2.4	2.1	-0.3
Minnesota	68	68	70	74	72	-2	2.3	2.3	2.3	2.5	2.4	-0.1
Mississippi	42	37	42	36	36	0	3.6	3.1	3.6	3.1	3.1	0.0
Missouri	100	73	75	62	70	8	3.4	2.5	2.5	2.1	2.3	0.2
Montana	16	18	19	18	15	-3	3.1	3.5	3.7	3.5	2.9	-0.6
Nebraska	26	26	24	24	24	0	2.5	2.5	2.3	2.3	2.3	0.0
Nevada	47	45	45	45	39	-6	3.1	2.9	2.9	2.9	2.5	-0.4
New Hampshire	18	15	17	19	15	-4	2.6	2.1	2.4	2.7	2.1	-0.6
New Jersey	92	92	76	68	84	16	2.2	2.1	1.8	1.6	1.9	0.3
New Mexico	22	22	23	25	20	-5	2.6	2.5	2.7	2.9	2.3	-0.6
New York	174	140	187	141	145	4	1.8	1.4	1.9	1.5	1.5	0.0
North Carolina	145	138	155	143	129	-14	3.0	2.8	3.2	2.9	2.6	-0.3
North Dakota	12	13	12	13	11	-2	2.8	3.0	2.8	3.0	2.5	-0.5
Ohio	121	126	141	132	132	0	2.2	2.2	2.5	2.3	2.3	0.0
Oklahoma	49	48	53	55	49	-6	2.9	2.8	3.1	3.2	2.8	-0.4
Oregon	49	52	53	49	44	-5	2.5	2.6	2.7	2.5	2.2	-0.3
Pennsylvania	130	121	123	126	128	2	2.2	2.0	2.0	2.1	2.1	0.0
Rhode Island	13	13	13	10	10	0	2.6	2.6	2.6	2.0	2.0	0.0
South Carolina	72	66	76	69	67	-2	3.2	2.9	3.3	3.0	2.9	-0.1
South Dakota	12	13	12	13	12	-1	2.6	2.8	2.6	2.8	2.6	-0.2
Tennessee	112	98	122	94	92	-2	3.4	3.0	3.7	2.8	2.8	0.0
Texas	380	339	415	411	359	-52	2.8	2.4	3.0	2.9	2.6	-0.3
Utah	46	48	54	46	42	-4	2.7	2.8	3.1	2.7	2.4	-0.3
Vermont	7	7	9	7	7	0	2.3	2.3	2.9	2.3	2.3	0.0
Virginia	109	107	134	111	101	-10	2.7	2.6	3.2	2.7	2.4	-0.3
Washington	78	87	81	73	78	5	2.2	2.4	2.2	2.0	2.1	0.1
West Virginia	25	23	24	24	23	-1	3.6	3.3	3.4	3.4	3.3	-0.1
Wisconsin	78	69	73	71	68	-3	2.6	2.3	2.4	2.4	2.3	-0.1
Wyoming	9	10	10	10	9	-1	3.2	3.5	3.4	3.4	3.1	-0.3
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)						Rates
	July 2022	Apr. 2023	May 2023	June 2023	July 2023(p)	Change from: June 2023 - July 2023(p)	July 2022	Apr. 2023	May 2023	June 2023	July 2023(p)	Change from: June 2023 - July 2023(p)
TOTAL U.S.	1,497	1,590	1,546	1,551	1,555	4	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	0.0
Alabama	22	17	20	20	23	3	1.0	0.8	0.9	0.9	1.1	0.2
Alaska	7	12	4	5	6	1	2.2	3.7	1.2	1.5	1.8	0.3
Arizona	23	34	22	51	30	-21	0.7	1.1	0.7	1.6	0.9	-0.7
Arkansas	13	14	15	14	14	0	1.0	1.0	1.1	1.0	1.0	0.0
California	114	136	150	148	154	6	0.6	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.9	0.1
Colorado	27	33	29	31	33	2	0.9	1.1	1.0	1.1	1.1	0.0
Connecticut	17	15	17	16	24	8	1.0	0.9	1.0	0.9	1.4	0.5
Delaware	6	5	7	6	6	0	1.3	1.0	1.4	1.2	1.2	0.0
District of Columbia	6	5	6	6	6	0	0.8	0.6	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.0
Florida	102	89	99	96	75	-21	1.1	0.9	1.0	1.0	0.8	-0.2
Georgia	72	42	73	50	50	0	1.5	0.9	1.5	1.0	1.0	0.0
Hawaii	4	5	6	6	6	0	0.6	0.8	1.0	1.0	0.9	-0.1
Idaho	15	14	10	10	12	2	1.8	1.7	1.2	1.2	1.4	0.2
Illinois	58	84	64	55	54	-1	1.0	1.4	1.0	0.9	0.9	0.0
Indiana	25	45	34	34	36	2	0.8	1.4	1.0	1.0	1.1	0.1
Iowa	13	21	18	19	16	-3	0.8	1.3	1.1	1.2	1.0	-0.2
Kansas	9	25	14	17	12	-5	0.6	1.7	1.0	1.2	0.8	-0.4
Kentucky	18	20	21	24	20	-4	0.9	1.0	1.0	1.2	1.0	-0.2
Louisiana	23	22	25	24	22	-2	1.2	1.1	1.3	1.2	1.1	-0.1
Maine	6	6	7	7	9	2	0.9	0.9	1.1	1.1	1.4	0.3
Maryland	29	28	31	25	31	6	1.1	1.0	1.1	0.9	1.1	0.2
Massachusetts	26	34	31	35	41	6	0.7	0.9	0.8	0.9	1.1	0.2
Michigan	33	53	52	38	45	7	0.8	1.2	1.2	0.9	1.0	0.1
Minnesota	28	30	25	31	27	-4	1.0	1.0	0.8	1.0	0.9	-0.1
Mississippi	15	12	19	12	18	6	1.3	1.0	1.6	1.0	1.5	0.5
Missouri	29	34	24	28	24	-4	1.0	1.1	0.8	0.9	0.8	-0.1
Montana	8	8	7	8	9	1	1.6	1.5	1.4	1.5	1.7	0.2
Nebraska	8	15	12	10	10	0	0.8	1.4	1.2	1.0	1.0	0.0
Nevada	24	18	17	18	18	0	1.6	1.2	1.1	1.2	1.2	0.0
New Hampshire	9	7	11	9	13	4	1.3	1.0	1.6	1.3	1.9	0.6
New Jersey	58	49	37	47	52	5	1.4	1.1	0.9	1.1	1.2	0.1
New Mexico	9	9	8	10	11	1	1.1	1.0	0.9	1.1	1.3	0.2
New York	49	78	84	91	101	10	0.5	0.8	0.9	0.9	1.0	0.1
North Carolina	55	50	51	44	44	0	1.1	1.0	1.0	0.9	0.9	0.0
North Dakota	5	8	4	5	5	0	1.2	1.8	0.9	1.1	1.1	0.0
Ohio	86	85	57	56	53	-3	1.5	1.5	1.0	1.0	0.9	-0.1
Oklahoma	18	15	19	18	18	0	1.1	0.9	1.1	1.0	1.0	0.0
Oregon	22	24	21	22	23	1	1.1	1.2	1.1	1.1	1.1	0.0
Pennsylvania	84	45	58	55	52	-3	1.4	0.7	0.9	0.9	0.8	-0.1
Rhode Island	6	6	7	6	9	3	1.2	1.2	1.4	1.2	1.8	0.6
South Carolina	19	21	22	22	30	8	0.8	0.9	1.0	1.0	1.3	0.3
South Dakota	4	9	5	5	5	0	0.9	2.0	1.1	1.1	1.1	0.0
Tennessee	38	28	38	32	39	7	1.2	0.8	1.1	1.0	1.2	0.2
Texas	103	114	119	141	116	-25	0.8	0.8	0.9	1.0	0.8	-0.2
Utah	16	18	21	22	22	0	0.9	1.0	1.2	1.3	1.3	0.0
Vermont	3	3	4	3	5	2	1.0	1.0	1.3	1.0	1.6	0.6
Virginia	35	59	43	46	49	3	0.9	1.4	1.0	1.1	1.2	0.1
Washington	57	35	31	35	40	5	1.6	1.0	0.9	1.0	1.1	0.1
West Virginia	8	9	9	10	9	-1	1.2	1.3	1.3	1.4	1.3	-0.1
Wisconsin	26	38	32	25	27	2	0.9	1.3	1.1	0.8	0.9	0.1
Wyoming	4	5	5	5	4	-1	1.4	1.7	1.7	1.7	1.4	-0.3
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 6. Job openings levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)			Rates
	July 2022	June 2023	July 2023(p)	July 2022	June 2023	July 2023(p)
TOTAL U.S.	12,392	8,885	9,515	7.5	5.4	5.7
Alabama	167	135	132	7.3	5.9	5.8
Alaska	37	36	28	9.7	9.6	7.6
Arizona	274	152	196	8.3	4.7	6.0
Arkansas	106	88	87	7.5	6.0	6.0
California	1,434	906	1,031	7.5	4.8	5.4
Colorado	249	180	185	7.9	5.8	5.9
Connecticut	123	85	98	6.9	4.7	5.5
Delaware	54	34	44	10.2	6.4	8.2
District of Columbia	61	44	48	7.3	5.3	5.7
Florida	675	608	592	6.7	5.9	5.8
Georgia	473	320	333	9.0	6.1	6.4
Hawaii	52	27	37	7.8	4.1	5.6
Idaho	77	50	59	8.4	5.5	6.4
Illinois	491	365	366	7.5	5.6	5.6
Indiana	269	159	175	7.8	4.7	5.1
Iowa	113	80	81	6.8	4.7	4.9
Kansas	129	75	92	8.4	4.9	6.1
Kentucky	164	120	119	7.8	5.6	5.6
Louisiana	164	139	132	7.9	6.6	6.4
Maine	54	40	48	7.6	5.6	6.7
Maryland	241	191	199	8.1	6.5	6.7
Massachusetts	304	253	252	7.5	6.2	6.2
Michigan	342	232	222	7.3	4.9	4.8
Minnesota	254	185	225	7.9	5.7	6.9
Mississippi	102	79	89	8.1	6.3	7.1
Missouri	229	146	181	7.3	4.6	5.7
Montana	55	39	37	9.5	6.8	6.6
Nebraska	80	54	59	7.2	4.9	5.3
Nevada	110	84	90	6.9	5.2	5.5
New Hampshire	58	42	55	7.7	5.6	7.3
New Jersey	271	220	264	6.0	4.7	5.7
New Mexico	91	50	66	9.8	5.4	7.1
New York	630	424	514	6.2	4.2	5.0
North Carolina	420	319	329	8.1	6.1	6.3
North Dakota	33	29	26	7.1	6.2	5.7
Ohio	465	344	331	7.7	5.7	5.5
Oklahoma	134	118	113	7.4	6.4	6.1
Oregon	169	93	119	8.0	4.4	5.6
Pennsylvania	418	335	335	6.5	5.2	5.2
Rhode Island	37	29	30	6.8	5.4	5.7
South Carolina	193	156	180	7.9	6.3	7.2
South Dakota	31	29	24	6.4	5.8	5.0
Tennessee	305	221	218	8.6	6.2	6.2
Texas	1,111	790	835	7.6	5.4	5.7
Utah	130	86	97	7.2	4.7	5.3
Vermont	26	18	21	8.0	5.6	6.5
Virginia	372	285	267	8.4	6.4	6.1
Washington	292	157	202	7.6	4.1	5.2
West Virginia	76	50	58	9.9	6.6	7.7
Wisconsin	218	160	171	6.8	5.0	5.3
Wyoming	27	25	20	8.5	7.6	6.4
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 7. Hires levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)			Rates
	July 2022	June 2023	July 2023(p)	July 2022	June 2023	July 2023(p)
TOTAL U.S.	7,004	6,848	6,227	4.6	4.4	4.0
Alabama	107	109	98	5.1	5.1	4.6
Alaska	23	37	20	6.8	10.9	5.7
Arizona	176	128	139	5.8	4.1	4.5
Arkansas	68	67	61	5.2	4.9	4.5
California	657	679	667	3.7	3.7	3.7
Colorado	117	137	100	4.1	4.7	3.4
Connecticut	80	63	63	4.8	3.7	3.7
Delaware	36	29	35	7.6	6.0	7.1
District of Columbia	31	31	33	4.0	3.9	4.2
Florida	367	398	361	3.9	4.1	3.7
Georgia	304	247	270	6.3	5.0	5.5
Hawaii	29	23	24	4.6	3.6	3.9
Idaho	47	47	42	5.6	5.5	4.9
Illinois	266	284	224	4.4	4.6	3.6
Indiana	149	142	149	4.7	4.4	4.6
Iowa	67	69	53	4.3	4.3	3.4
Kansas	83	60	65	5.9	4.1	4.5
Kentucky	98	96	83	5.0	4.7	4.2
Louisiana	103	125	105	5.4	6.4	5.4
Maine	36	36	28	5.5	5.4	4.2
Maryland	147	125	139	5.4	4.5	5.0
Massachusetts	150	160	142	4.0	4.2	3.7
Michigan	174	183	165	4.0	4.1	3.7
Minnesota	127	135	118	4.3	4.5	3.9
Mississippi	65	64	62	5.6	5.4	5.3
Missouri	113	123	102	3.9	4.1	3.4
Montana	32	39	26	6.1	7.4	5.1
Nebraska	42	46	39	4.1	4.3	3.7
Nevada	69	67	64	4.7	4.3	4.1
New Hampshire	38	33	35	5.5	4.7	5.0
New Jersey	176	218	154	4.1	4.9	3.5
New Mexico	46	38	44	5.5	4.3	5.1
New York	377	339	349	3.9	3.5	3.6
North Carolina	264	245	180	5.5	5.0	3.7
North Dakota	20	24	17	4.7	5.4	3.8
Ohio	245	236	196	4.4	4.2	3.5
Oklahoma	87	87	88	5.1	5.0	5.1
Oregon	97	84	77	5.0	4.2	3.9
Pennsylvania	192	206	174	3.2	3.3	2.8
Rhode Island	23	24	19	4.6	4.7	3.8
South Carolina	120	123	110	5.3	5.3	4.8
South Dakota	20	27	17	4.4	5.7	3.6
Tennessee	180	168	173	5.6	5.1	5.3
Texas	692	606	552	5.1	4.3	4.0
Utah	75	73	64	4.5	4.2	3.7
Vermont	16	15	13	5.1	4.9	4.2
Virginia	209	205	185	5.1	4.9	4.5
Washington	171	135	143	4.8	3.7	3.9
West Virginia	44	38	41	6.4	5.4	5.8
Wisconsin	129	152	105	4.3	5.0	3.4
Wyoming	16	23	14	5.6	7.7	4.7
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 8. Total separations levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)			Rates
	July 2022	June 2023	July 2023(p)	July 2022	June 2023	July 2023(p)
TOTAL U.S.	6,461	6,039	6,060	4.2	3.8	3.9
Alabama	96	90	99	4.5	4.2	4.6
Alaska	18	16	17	5.1	4.7	4.9
Arizona	173	192	157	5.7	6.2	5.1
Arkansas	70	58	70	5.3	4.2	5.2
California	625	558	523	3.5	3.1	2.9
Colorado	129	110	114	4.5	3.7	3.9
Connecticut	64	61	70	3.8	3.6	4.1
Delaware	23	22	22	4.8	4.5	4.5
District of Columbia	29	26	29	3.8	3.3	3.8
Florida	440	460	385	4.7	4.8	4.0
Georgia	302	199	220	6.3	4.1	4.5
Hawaii	21	20	23	3.5	3.2	3.7
Idaho	48	32	43	5.7	3.7	5.0
Illinois	203	220	183	3.3	3.5	3.0
Indiana	138	138	148	4.3	4.3	4.6
Iowa	58	58	61	3.7	3.6	3.9
Kansas	62	79	50	4.4	5.4	3.5
Kentucky	92	90	96	4.7	4.5	4.8
Louisiana	97	100	90	5.1	5.1	4.6
Maine	21	23	20	3.3	3.4	3.0
Maryland	108	104	109	4.0	3.8	4.0
Massachusetts	127	102	100	3.4	2.7	2.6
Michigan	167	160	171	3.8	3.6	3.9
Minnesota	99	123	116	3.3	4.0	3.9
Mississippi	66	55	65	5.7	4.7	5.6
Missouri	145	113	116	5.0	3.8	3.9
Montana	29	26	31	5.6	5.0	5.9
Nebraska	37	39	39	3.6	3.7	3.7
Nevada	84	64	72	5.7	4.2	4.7
New Hampshire	26	34	28	3.8	4.9	3.9
New Jersey	187	128	177	4.4	2.9	4.1
New Mexico	43	44	43	5.1	5.0	4.9
New York	275	272	302	2.9	2.8	3.1
North Carolina	238	209	218	5.0	4.3	4.5
North Dakota	17	21	18	4.0	4.8	4.0
Ohio	241	211	214	4.3	3.7	3.8
Oklahoma	80	81	83	4.8	4.7	4.8
Oregon	102	74	89	5.2	3.7	4.4
Pennsylvania	230	236	209	3.8	3.8	3.4
Rhode Island	20	19	21	4.1	3.8	4.3
South Carolina	105	97	113	4.7	4.2	4.9
South Dakota	16	20	18	3.4	4.2	3.8
Tennessee	173	132	156	5.4	4.0	4.7
Texas	566	598	564	4.2	4.3	4.1
Utah	74	70	74	4.4	4.0	4.3
Vermont	10	13	12	3.2	4.1	4.0
Virginia	162	172	169	4.0	4.1	4.1
Washington	154	110	141	4.3	3.0	3.9
West Virginia	44	38	43	6.3	5.3	6.1
Wisconsin	112	108	111	3.7	3.6	3.6
Wyoming	15	12	15	5.1	4.1	5.1
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 9. Quits levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)			Rates
	July 2022	June 2023	July 2023(p)	July 2022	June 2023	July 2023(p)
TOTAL U.S.	4,615	4,097	4,091	3.0	2.6	2.6
Alabama	71	66	68	3.3	3.1	3.2
Alaska	11	11	9	3.1	3.1	2.5
Arizona	134	126	110	4.4	4.1	3.6
Arkansas	51	42	46	3.9	3.1	3.4
California	460	373	359	2.6	2.1	2.0
Colorado	88	76	72	3.1	2.6	2.5
Connecticut	45	37	41	2.7	2.2	2.4
Delaware	16	16	15	3.4	3.2	3.0
District of Columbia	19	19	19	2.5	2.4	2.4
Florida	306	331	290	3.3	3.4	3.0
Georgia	214	136	153	4.5	2.8	3.1
Hawaii	14	13	13	2.2	2.1	2.1
Idaho	29	22	27	3.5	2.6	3.1
Illinois	145	153	127	2.4	2.5	2.1
Indiana	107	94	103	3.3	2.9	3.2
Iowa	44	36	41	2.8	2.3	2.6
Kansas	52	54	37	3.7	3.7	2.6
Kentucky	68	64	67	3.5	3.2	3.4
Louisiana	70	69	63	3.7	3.5	3.2
Maine	16	13	12	2.5	2.0	1.7
Maryland	75	72	70	2.7	2.6	2.5
Massachusetts	99	58	57	2.7	1.5	1.5
Michigan	130	107	112	3.0	2.4	2.5
Minnesota	72	83	79	2.4	2.7	2.6
Mississippi	47	40	41	4.0	3.4	3.5
Missouri	114	73	86	3.9	2.4	2.9
Montana	18	18	16	3.5	3.3	3.1
Nebraska	29	26	28	2.8	2.4	2.6
Nevada	54	45	45	3.6	2.9	2.9
New Hampshire	19	22	16	2.7	3.1	2.3
New Jersey	119	66	111	2.8	1.5	2.6
New Mexico	25	30	23	3.0	3.5	2.6
New York	207	151	182	2.2	1.5	1.9
North Carolina	163	157	146	3.4	3.2	3.0
North Dakota	13	14	13	3.1	3.3	2.9
Ohio	141	143	154	2.5	2.5	2.7
Oklahoma	59	61	59	3.5	3.5	3.4
Oregon	59	50	52	3.0	2.5	2.6
Pennsylvania	146	138	151	2.4	2.2	2.5
Rhode Island	15	11	12	3.0	2.1	2.3
South Carolina	79	71	73	3.5	3.1	3.2
South Dakota	12	13	12	2.6	2.9	2.7
Tennessee	129	97	108	4.0	2.9	3.3
Texas	431	445	400	3.2	3.2	2.9
Utah	50	46	46	3.0	2.7	2.7
Vermont	7	7	8	2.3	2.2	2.5
Virginia	121	121	111	3.0	2.9	2.7
Washington	93	72	93	2.6	2.0	2.5
West Virginia	32	26	28	4.6	3.6	4.0
Wisconsin	87	76	79	2.9	2.5	2.6
Wyoming	9	8	9	3.2	2.6	3.1
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 10. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)			Rates
	July 2022	June 2023	July 2023(p)	July 2022	June 2023	July 2023(p)
TOTAL U.S.	1,447	1,553	1,516	0.9	1.0	1.0
Alabama	21	19	24	1.0	0.9	1.1
Alaska	5	4	5	1.5	1.3	1.5
Arizona	27	60	34	0.9	1.9	1.1
Arkansas	16	13	18	1.2	0.9	1.3
California	103	153	135	0.6	0.8	0.7
Colorado	28	29	34	1.0	1.0	1.2
Connecticut	15	17	24	0.9	1.0	1.4
Delaware	5	5	6	1.1	1.1	1.2
District of Columbia	6	6	7	0.8	0.7	0.8
Florida	109	103	76	1.2	1.1	0.8
Georgia	78	48	55	1.6	1.0	1.1
Hawaii	5	6	6	0.8	1.0	1.0
Idaho	16	9	13	1.9	1.0	1.5
Illinois	48	50	43	0.8	0.8	0.7
Indiana	25	34	35	0.8	1.0	1.1
Iowa	11	18	13	0.7	1.1	0.8
Kansas	9	20	10	0.6	1.4	0.7
Kentucky	18	22	20	0.9	1.1	1.0
Louisiana	23	24	21	1.2	1.2	1.1
Maine	4	7	6	0.6	1.0	1.0
Maryland	27	26	29	1.0	0.9	1.1
Massachusetts	20	32	36	0.6	0.8	0.9
Michigan	31	38	45	0.7	0.8	1.0
Minnesota	23	33	22	0.8	1.1	0.7
Mississippi	16	12	20	1.4	1.0	1.8
Missouri	28	29	23	1.0	1.0	0.8
Montana	8	8	10	1.6	1.4	1.8
Nebraska	7	10	8	0.7	1.0	0.8
Nevada	26	18	21	1.7	1.1	1.3
New Hampshire	6	8	10	0.8	1.2	1.4
New Jersey	56	49	53	1.3	1.1	1.2
New Mexico	10	11	13	1.2	1.3	1.5
New York	45	94	105	0.5	1.0	1.1
North Carolina	64	40	49	1.3	0.8	1.0
North Dakota	3	5	4	0.8	1.1	0.8
Ohio	85	55	50	1.5	1.0	0.9
Oklahoma	17	17	17	1.0	1.0	1.0
Oregon	24	21	26	1.2	1.0	1.3
Pennsylvania	72	71	47	1.2	1.2	0.8
Rhode Island	4	7	8	0.9	1.3	1.6
South Carolina	20	21	33	0.9	0.9	1.4
South Dakota	3	5	4	0.7	1.0	0.9
Tennessee	36	28	39	1.1	0.9	1.2
Texas	106	135	119	0.8	1.0	0.9
Utah	15	21	21	0.9	1.2	1.2
Vermont	2	3	4	0.7	1.1	1.2
Virginia	30	42	45	0.7	1.0	1.1
Washington	52	33	37	1.5	0.9	1.0
West Virginia	9	9	11	1.3	1.3	1.6
Wisconsin	21	25	20	0.7	0.8	0.7
Wyoming	4	4	4	1.5	1.2	1.3
Footnotes (p) Preliminary