State Job Openings and Labor Turnover News Release

For release 10:00 a.m. (ET) Tuesday, December 17, 2024	USDL-24-2562
Technical information:	(202) 691-5870  •  JoltsInfo@bls.gov  •  www.bls.gov/jlt
Media contact:	        (202) 691-5902  •  PressOffice@bls.gov

                        STATE JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – OCTOBER 2024

Job openings rates increased in 12 states and decreased in 4 states on the last business day of October, 
the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Hires rates decreased in 3 states and increased in 2 
states. Total separations rates increased in 5 states and decreased in 2 states. Nationally, the job openings 
and hires rates showed little change in October, and the total separations rate was unchanged.

This release includes estimates of the number and rate of job openings, hires, total separations, quits, and 
layoffs and discharges for the total nonfarm sector and for all states and the District of Columbia. 

Job Openings

In October, job openings rates increased in 12 states, decreased in 4 states, and were little changed in 
34 states and the District of Columbia. The largest increases in job openings rates occurred in Colorado  
(+3.8 percentage points), Mississippi (+1.7 points), and Georgia (+1.5 points). The largest decreases 
occurred in New Hampshire (-1.3 points), Arkansas (-1.0 point), and New York (-0.9 point). Over the 
month, the national job openings rate changed little. (See table 1.)

The number of job openings increased in 16 states, decreased in 4 states, and changed little in 30 states 
and the District of Columbia in October. The largest increases in the job openings level occurred in 
Colorado (+134,000), Georgia (+81,000), and Texas (+77,000). The largest decreases occurred in New 
York (-98,000), Pennsylvania (-54,000), and Arkansas (-15,000). Nationally, the number of job 
openings changed little. (See table 1.)

Hires

In October, hires rates decreased in 3 states, increased in 2 states, and were little changed in 45 states 
and the District of Columbia. The decreases in the hires rates occurred in Montana  
(-2.0 percentage points), Michigan (-1.0 point), and Florida (-0.8 point). The increases occurred in 
Oklahoma (+0.9 point) and Colorado (+0.7 point). The national hires rate changed little over the month. 
(See table 2.)

The number of hires decreased in 5 states, increased in 2 states, and were little changed in 43 states and 
the District of Columbia in October. The largest decreases in the hires level occurred in Florida  
(-82,000), Michigan (-43,000), and New York (-37,000). The increases occurred in Colorado (+24,000) 
and Oklahoma (+15,000). Nationally, the number of hires changed little over the month. (See table 2.)

Total Separations

In October, total separations rates increased in 5 states, decreased in 2 states, and were little changed 
in 43 states and the District of Columbia. The largest increases in total separations rates occurred in 
Colorado (+2.4 percentage points), Alaska (+1.5 points), and Wyoming (+1.3 points). The decreases 
occurred in New York (-0.8 point) and Florida (-0.7 point). Over the month, the national total 
separations rate was unchanged. (See table 3.)

The number of total separations increased in 6 states, decreased in 3 states, and changed little in 41 
states and the District of Columbia in October. The largest increases in the total separations level 
occurred in California (+83,000), Colorado (+73,000), and Arizona (+31,000). The decreases occurred 
in New York (-76,000), Florida (-69,000), and Pennsylvania (-31,000). Nationally, the number of total 
separations changed little over the month. (See table 3.)
 
Quits

In October, quits rates increased in 11 states, decreased in 2 states, and were little changed in 37 states 
and the District of Columbia. The largest increases in quits rates occurred in Wyoming  
(+1.7 percentage points), Colorado (+1.4 points), and Alaska (+1.2 points). The decreases occurred in 
Florida and Pennsylvania (-0.5 point each). Over the month, the national quits rate increased  
(+0.2 point). (See table 4.)

The number of quits increased in 12 states, decreased in 2 states, and was little changed in 36 states and 
the District of Columbia in October. The largest increases occurred in California (+78,000), Colorado 
(+43,000), and Arizona (+26,000). The decreases occurred in Florida (-54,000) and Pennsylvania 
(-28,000). Nationally, the number of quits increased (+228,000). (See table 4.)

Layoffs and Discharges 

In October, layoffs and discharges rates decreased in 3 states, increased in 1 state, and were little 
changed in 46 states and the District of Columbia. The decreases in layoffs and discharges rates 
occurred in New York (-0.8 percentage point), Ohio (-0.7 point), and Missouri (-0.4 point). The increase 
occurred in Colorado (+1.0 point). The national layoffs and discharges rate changed little over the 
month. (See table 5.)

The number of layoffs and discharges decreased in 4 states, increased in 1 state, and changed little in 
45 states and the District of Columbia in October. The largest decreases in the layoffs and discharges 
level occurred in New York (-80,000), Ohio (-40,000), and Georgia (-16,000). The increase occurred in 
Colorado (+29,000). Nationally, the number of layoffs and discharges was little changed. (See table 5.)

For more information, please see the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS) interactive 
charts at www.bls.gov/charts/state-job-openings-and-labor-turnover/state-job-openings-rates.htm#.  
	
State Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey estimates for November 2024 are scheduled to be 
released on Friday, January 17, 2025, at 10:00 a.m. (ET).
     


    

Technical Note

This news release presents statistics from the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The JOLTS 
program provides information on labor demand and turnover. Additional information about the JOLTS program can 
be found at www.bls.gov/jlt/. State estimates are published for job openings, hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, and 
total separations. The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments, as well as civilian federal, state, 
and local government entities in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Starting with data for January 2023, 
industries are classified in accordance with the 2022 North American Industry Classification System.

Definitions

Employment. Employment includes persons on the payroll who worked or received pay for the pay period that 
includes the 12th day of the reference month. Full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term, seasonal, salaried, and 
hourly employees are included, as are employees on paid vacation or other paid leave. Proprietors or partners of 
unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, or employees on strike for the entire pay period, and employees 
on leave without pay for the entire pay period are not counted as employed. Employees of temporary help agencies, 
employee leasing companies, outside contractors, and consultants are counted by their employer of record, not by 
the establishment where they are working. JOLTS does not publish employment estimates but uses the reported 
employment for validation of the other reported data elements.

Job Openings. Job openings include all positions that are open on the last business day of the reference month. 
A job is open only if it meets all three of these conditions: 
* A specific position exists and there is work available for that position. The position can be full-time or part-
time, and it can be permanent, short-term, or seasonal. 
* The job could start within 30 days, whether or not the employer can find a suitable candidate during that time. 
* The employer is actively recruiting workers from outside the establishment to fill the position. Active recruiting 
means that the establishment is taking steps to fill a position. It may include advertising in newspapers, on 
television, or on the radio; posting internet notices, posting "help wanted" signs, networking, or making "word-
of-mouth" announcements; accepting applications; interviewing candidates; contacting employment agencies; 
or soliciting employees at job fairs, state or local employment offices, or similar sources.

Excluded are positions open only to internal transfers, promotions or demotions, or recall from layoffs. Also 
excluded are openings for positions with start dates more than 30 days in the future; positions for which employees 
have been hired but the employees have not yet reported for work; and positions to be filled by employees of 
temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The job openings rate is 
computed by dividing the number of job openings by the sum of employment and job openings and multiplying that 
quotient by 100.

Hires. Hires include all additions to the payroll during the entire reference month, including newly hired and 
rehired employees; full-time and part-time employees; permanent, short-term, and seasonal employees; employees 
who were recalled to a job at the location following a layoff (formal suspension from pay status) lasting more than 7 
days; on-call or intermittent employees who returned to work after having been formally separated; workers who 
were hired and separated during the month, and transfers from other locations. Excluded are transfers or promotions 
within the reporting location, employees returning from strike, employees of temporary help agencies, employee 
leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The hires rate is computed by dividing the number of hires by 
employment and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Separations. Separations include all separations from the payroll during the entire reference month and is 
reported by type of separation:  quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Quits include employees who 
left voluntarily, with the exception of retirements or transfers to other locations. Layoffs and discharges includes 
involuntary separations initiated by the employer, such as layoffs with no intent to rehire; layoffs (formal 
suspensions from pay status) lasting or expected to last more than 7 days; discharges resulting from mergers, 
downsizing, or closings; firings or other discharges for cause; terminations of permanent or short-term employees; 
and terminations of seasonal employees (whether or not they are expected to return the next season). Other 
separations include retirements, transfers to other locations, separations due to employee disability; and deaths. 
Other separations comprise less than 8 percent of total separations. Other separations rates are generally very low, 
and other separations variance estimates are relatively high. Consequently, the other separations component is not 
published for states. 

Excluded from separations are transfers within the same location; employees on strike; employees of temporary help 
agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The separations rate is computed by 
dividing the number of separations by employment and multiplying that quotient by 100. The quits and layoffs and 
discharges rates are computed similarly.

State Estimation Method

The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random sample of approximately 21,000 nonfarm business and 
government establishments. The sample is stratified by ownership, region, industry sector, and establishment size 
class. The JOLTS sample of 21,000 establishments does not directly support the production of sample-based state 
estimates. However, state estimates have been produced by combining the available sample with model-based 
estimates.

The state estimates consist of four major estimating models; the Composite Regional model (an unpublished 
intermediate model), the Synthetic model (an unpublished intermediate model), the Composite Synthetic model 
(published historical series through the most current benchmark year), and the Extended Composite Synthetic model 
(published current-year monthly series). The Composite Regional model uses JOLTS microdata, JOLTS regional 
published estimates, and Current Employment Statistics (CES) employment data. The Composite Synthetic model 
uses JOLTS microdata and Synthetic model estimates derived from monthly employment changes in microdata from 
the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW), and JOLTS published regional data. The Extended 
Composite Synthetic model extends the Composite Synthetic estimates by ratio-adjusting the Composite Synthetic 
model by the ratio of the current Composite Regional model estimate to the Composite Regional model estimate 
from the previous year.

The Extended Composite Synthetic model (and its major component-the Composite Regional model) is used 
to extend the Composite Synthetic estimates because all of the inputs required by this model are available at the time 
monthly estimate are produced. In contrast, the Composite Synthetic model (and its major component-the 
Synthetic model) can only be produced when the latest QCEW data are available. The Extended Composite 
Synthetic model estimates are used to extend the Composite Synthetic model estimates during the annual JOLTS
retabulation process. The extension of the Composite Synthetic model using current data-based Composite Regional 
model estimates ensures that the Composite Synthetic model estimates reflect current economic trends.

The Composite Regional approach calculates state-level JOLTS estimates from JOLTS microdata using sample 
weights and the adjustments for non-response. The Composite Regional estimate is then benchmarked to CES state-
supersector employment to produce state-supersector estimates. The JOLTS sample, by itself, cannot ensure a 
reasonably sized sample for each state-supersector cell. The small JOLTS sample results in several state-supersector 
cells that lack enough data to produce a reasonable estimate. To overcome this issue, the state-level estimates 
derived directly from the JOLTS sample are augmented using JOLTS regional estimates when the number of 
respondents is low (that is, less than 30). This approach is known as a composite estimate, which leverages the small 
JOLTS sample to the greatest extent possible and supplements that with a model-based estimate. Previous research 
has found that regional industry estimates are a good proxy at finer levels of geographical detail. That is, one can 
make a reliable prediction of JOLTS estimates at the regional-level using only national industry-level JOLTS rates. 
The assumption in this approach is that one can make a good prediction of JOLTS estimates at the state-level using 
only regional industry-level JOLTS rates.)

In this approach, the JOLTS microdata-based estimate is used, without model augmentation, in all state-
supersector cells that have 30 or more respondents. The JOLTS regional estimate will be used, without a sample-
based component, in all state-supersector cells that have fewer than five respondents. In all state-supersector cells 
with 5 to 30 respondents, an estimate is calculated that is a composition of a weighted estimate of the microdata-
based estimate and a weighted estimate of the JOLTS regional estimate. The weight assigned to the JOLTS data in 
those cells is proportional to the number of JOLTS respondents in the cell (weight=n/30, where n is the number of 
respondents). The sum of state estimates within a region is made equal to the aligned regional JOLTS published 
regional estimates.

Seasonal adjustment. BLS uses the seasonal adjustment program (X-13ARIMA-SEATS) to seasonally adjust 
the JOLTS series. Each month, a concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology uses all relevant data, up to and 
including the current month, to calculate new seasonal adjustment factors. Moving averages are used as seasonal 
filters in seasonal adjustment. JOLTS seasonal adjustment includes both additive and multiplicative models, as well 
as regression with autocorrelated errors (REGARIMA) modeling, to improve the seasonal adjustment factors at the 
beginning and end of the series and to detect and adjust for outliers in the series. 

Annual estimates and benchmarking. The JOLTS state estimates utilize and leverage data from three BLS 
programs; JOLTS, CES, and QCEW. These state estimates are published as a historical series made up of a 
historical annually revised benchmark component ofthe Composite Synthetic model and a current component of the 
Extended Composite Synthetic model that provides monthly "real-time" estimates between lagged benchmarks.

The JOLTS employment levels are ratio-adjusted to the CES employment levels, and the resulting ratios are 
applied to all JOLTS data elements.

The seasonally adjusted estimates are recalculated for the most recent 5 years to reflect updated seasonal 
adjustment factors. These annual updates result in revisions to both the seasonally adjusted and not seasonally 
adjusted JOLTS data series for the period since the last benchmark was established.

Annual levels for hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total separations are the sum of the 
12 published monthly levels. 

Annual average levels for job openings are calculated by dividing the sum of the 12 published monthly levels 
by 12. 

Annual average rates for hires, total separations quits, and layoffs and discharges are calculated by dividing the 
sum of the 12 monthly JOLTS published levels for each data element by the sum of the 12 monthly CES published 
employment levels, and multiplying that quotient by 100. 

Annual average rates for job openings are calculated by dividing the sum of the 12 monthly JOLTS published 
levels by the sum of the 12 monthly CES published employment levels plus the sum of the 12 monthly job openings 
levels, and multiplying that quotient by 100.)

Reliability of the estimates

JOLTS estimates are subject to two types of error:  sampling error and nonsampling error.

Sampling error can result when a sample, rather than an entire population, is surveyed. There is a chance that 
the sample estimates may differ from the true population values they represent. The exact difference, or sampling 
error, varies with the sample selected, and this variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. BLS 
analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence. This means that there is a 90-percent chance 
that the true population mean will fall into the interval created by the sample mean plus or minus 1.65 standard 
errors. Estimates of median standard errors are released monthly as part of the significant change tables on the 
JOLTS webpage. Standard errors are updated annually with the most recent 5 years of data. For sampling error 
estimates, see www.bls.gov/jlt/jolts_median_standard_errors.htm.

Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, including the failure to include a segment of the population, the 
inability to obtain data from all units in the sample, the inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide data on a 
timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, errors made in the collection or processing of the data, and errors from 
the employment benchmark data used in estimation. The JOLTS program uses quality control procedures to reduce 
nonsampling error in the survey's design. 

The JOLTS state variance estimates account for both sampling error and the error attributable to modeling. A 
small area domain model uses a Bayesian approach to develop estimates of JOLTS state variance. The small area 
model uses QCEW-based JOLTS synthetic model data to generate a Bayesian prior distribution, then updates the 
prior distribution using JOLTS microdata and sample-based variance estimates at the state and US Census regional 
level to generate a Bayesian posterior distribution. Once the Bayesian posterior distribution has been generated, 
estimates of JOLTS state variances are made by drawing 2,500 estimates from the Bayesian posterior distribution. 
This Bayesian approach thus indirectly accounts for sampling error and directly for model error.

Other information

If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access telecommunications 
relay services.

Table 1. Job openings levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)						Rates
	Oct. 2023	July 2024	Aug. 2024	Sept. 2024	Oct. 2024(p)	Change from: Sept. 2024 - Oct. 2024(p)	Oct. 2023	July 2024	Aug. 2024	Sept. 2024	Oct. 2024(p)	Change from: Sept. 2024 - Oct. 2024(p)
TOTAL U.S.	8,685	7,711	7,861	7,372	7,744	372	5.2	4.6	4.7	4.4	4.6	0.2
Alabama	124	130	127	115	133	18	5.4	5.5	5.4	4.9	5.7	0.8
Alaska	25	23	23	24	24	0	7.0	6.4	6.4	6.6	6.6	0.0
Arizona	181	177	179	180	179	-1	5.3	5.1	5.2	5.2	5.2	0.0
Arkansas	82	74	79	97	82	-15	5.7	5.1	5.4	6.6	5.6	-1.0
California	733	640	614	609	626	17	3.9	3.4	3.3	3.3	3.3	0.0
Colorado	234	185	150	159	293	134	7.3	5.8	4.8	5.0	8.8	3.8
Connecticut	78	78	80	81	73	-8	4.4	4.4	4.5	4.5	4.1	-0.4
Delaware	29	27	27	24	29	5	5.6	5.2	5.2	4.7	5.6	0.9
District of Columbia	37	41	36	35	37	2	4.6	5.1	4.5	4.3	4.6	0.3
Florida	585	514	476	405	463	58	5.6	4.9	4.6	3.9	4.4	0.5
Georgia	326	293	330	220	301	81	6.2	5.6	6.2	4.2	5.7	1.5
Hawaii	28	26	26	27	26	-1	4.3	3.9	3.9	4.1	3.9	-0.2
Idaho	60	44	46	47	49	2	6.6	4.8	5.0	5.1	5.3	0.2
Illinois	326	338	292	288	272	-16	5.1	5.2	4.5	4.5	4.2	-0.3
Indiana	155	141	145	144	138	-6	4.5	4.1	4.2	4.2	4.0	-0.2
Iowa	79	71	79	73	70	-3	4.7	4.2	4.7	4.4	4.2	-0.2
Kansas	74	63	72	74	70	-4	4.9	4.1	4.7	4.8	4.6	-0.2
Kentucky	116	134	133	120	143	23	5.4	6.2	6.1	5.5	6.5	1.0
Louisiana	130	118	110	97	122	25	6.2	5.7	5.3	4.7	5.8	1.1
Maine	53	33	36	36	44	8	7.5	4.8	5.2	5.2	6.3	1.1
Maryland	174	173	174	139	167	28	6.0	5.9	5.9	4.8	5.7	0.9
Massachusetts	230	177	192	184	167	-17	5.8	4.5	4.9	4.7	4.3	-0.4
Michigan	240	213	209	221	217	-4	5.1	4.5	4.5	4.7	4.6	-0.1
Minnesota	208	139	186	184	184	0	6.5	4.4	5.8	5.7	5.7	0.0
Mississippi	83	74	65	54	76	22	6.5	5.8	5.2	4.3	6.0	1.7
Missouri	165	144	170	175	168	-7	5.2	4.5	5.3	5.4	5.2	-0.2
Montana	34	30	32	31	31	0	6.1	5.3	5.6	5.4	5.5	0.1
Nebraska	56	42	53	53	51	-2	5.0	3.8	4.7	4.7	4.5	-0.2
Nevada	84	71	73	76	75	-1	5.1	4.3	4.4	4.6	4.5	-0.1
New Hampshire	40	34	35	43	33	-10	5.4	4.6	4.7	5.7	4.4	-1.3
New Jersey	203	209	210	214	206	-8	4.5	4.6	4.6	4.6	4.5	-0.1
New Mexico	54	45	50	55	52	-3	5.8	4.8	5.3	5.8	5.5	-0.3
New York	461	397	487	508	410	-98	4.5	3.9	4.7	4.9	4.0	-0.9
North Carolina	298	284	256	257	277	20	5.7	5.4	4.8	4.9	5.2	0.3
North Dakota	25	23	24	25	23	-2	5.4	4.9	5.1	5.3	4.9	-0.4
Ohio	318	282	304	272	274	2	5.3	4.7	5.1	4.6	4.6	0.0
Oklahoma	121	119	118	90	116	26	6.4	6.3	6.2	4.8	6.1	1.3
Oregon	104	106	102	106	101	-5	5.0	5.1	4.9	5.1	4.8	-0.3
Pennsylvania	376	285	300	289	235	-54	5.8	4.4	4.6	4.4	3.6	-0.8
Rhode Island	32	25	27	32	26	-6	6.0	4.7	5.0	5.9	4.8	-1.1
South Carolina	169	146	149	122	153	31	6.8	5.8	5.9	4.8	6.0	1.2
South Dakota	25	23	25	24	23	-1	5.1	4.7	5.1	4.9	4.7	-0.2
Tennessee	203	166	164	161	185	24	5.8	4.7	4.7	4.6	5.2	0.6
Texas	747	607	659	506	583	77	5.1	4.1	4.4	3.4	3.9	0.5
Utah	98	82	88	90	91	1	5.3	4.5	4.8	4.8	4.9	0.1
Vermont	18	16	16	17	15	-2	5.5	4.8	4.8	5.1	4.5	-0.6
Virginia	251	278	268	224	276	52	5.7	6.1	5.9	5.0	6.1	1.1
Washington	156	161	155	158	149	-9	4.1	4.2	4.1	4.1	3.9	-0.2
West Virginia	53	48	46	40	50	10	6.9	6.3	6.0	5.3	6.5	1.2
Wisconsin	190	145	148	150	140	-10	5.9	4.6	4.6	4.7	4.4	-0.3
Wyoming	17	15	16	17	16	-1	5.5	4.9	5.2	5.4	5.1	-0.3
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 2. Hires levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)						Rates
	Oct. 2023	July 2024	Aug. 2024	Sept. 2024	Oct. 2024(p)	Change from: Sept. 2024 - Oct. 2024(p)	Oct. 2023	July 2024	Aug. 2024	Sept. 2024	Oct. 2024(p)	Change from: Sept. 2024 - Oct. 2024(p)
TOTAL U.S.	5,814	5,416	5,435	5,582	5,313	-269	3.7	3.4	3.4	3.5	3.3	-0.2
Alabama	82	77	83	80	79	-1	3.8	3.5	3.7	3.6	3.6	0.0
Alaska	17	18	18	18	17	-1	5.1	5.3	5.3	5.3	5.0	-0.3
Arizona	134	142	114	122	106	-16	4.2	4.4	3.5	3.7	3.2	-0.5
Arkansas	54	45	54	58	56	-2	4.0	3.3	3.9	4.2	4.1	-0.1
California	551	511	514	539	497	-42	3.1	2.8	2.8	3.0	2.7	-0.3
Colorado	143	111	101	107	131	24	4.8	3.7	3.4	3.6	4.3	0.7
Connecticut	60	64	61	59	56	-3	3.5	3.7	3.6	3.5	3.3	-0.2
Delaware	19	18	19	21	19	-2	3.9	3.7	3.9	4.3	3.9	-0.4
District of Columbia	22	20	20	22	21	-1	2.9	2.6	2.6	2.8	2.7	-0.1
Florida	406	348	430	376	294	-82	4.1	3.5	4.3	3.8	3.0	-0.8
Georgia	215	185	201	202	186	-16	4.4	3.7	4.0	4.1	3.7	-0.4
Hawaii	20	23	17	21	19	-2	3.2	3.6	2.7	3.3	3.0	-0.3
Idaho	46	39	39	40	42	2	5.4	4.5	4.5	4.6	4.8	0.2
Illinois	218	242	185	204	209	5	3.6	3.9	3.0	3.3	3.4	0.1
Indiana	134	122	113	119	128	9	4.1	3.7	3.4	3.6	3.9	0.3
Iowa	58	54	46	51	52	1	3.6	3.4	2.9	3.2	3.2	0.0
Kansas	48	47	47	55	49	-6	3.3	3.2	3.2	3.7	3.3	-0.4
Kentucky	73	73	74	79	74	-5	3.6	3.6	3.6	3.9	3.6	-0.3
Louisiana	85	67	77	85	88	3	4.3	3.4	3.9	4.3	4.5	0.2
Maine	32	27	30	24	28	4	4.9	4.1	4.6	3.7	4.3	0.6
Maryland	98	100	107	105	104	-1	3.6	3.6	3.9	3.8	3.8	0.0
Massachusetts	113	131	162	113	99	-14	3.0	3.5	4.3	3.0	2.6	-0.4
Michigan	156	188	162	205	162	-43	3.5	4.2	3.6	4.6	3.6	-1.0
Minnesota	149	101	88	103	114	11	5.0	3.4	2.9	3.4	3.8	0.4
Mississippi	48	47	45	45	51	6	4.0	3.9	3.8	3.8	4.3	0.5
Missouri	105	103	94	101	91	-10	3.5	3.4	3.1	3.3	3.0	-0.3
Montana	26	27	24	35	24	-11	5.0	5.0	4.5	6.5	4.5	-2.0
Nebraska	39	37	36	38	37	-1	3.7	3.5	3.4	3.5	3.4	-0.1
Nevada	63	63	61	66	58	-8	4.0	4.0	3.9	4.2	3.7	-0.5
New Hampshire	26	27	27	28	24	-4	3.7	3.8	3.8	3.9	3.4	-0.5
New Jersey	149	136	130	128	141	13	3.4	3.1	3.0	2.9	3.2	0.3
New Mexico	33	31	30	35	30	-5	3.8	3.5	3.4	3.9	3.4	-0.5
New York	283	294	283	295	258	-37	2.9	3.0	2.9	3.0	2.6	-0.4
North Carolina	179	172	173	167	191	24	3.6	3.4	3.4	3.3	3.8	0.5
North Dakota	18	18	15	16	16	0	4.1	4.1	3.4	3.6	3.6	0.0
Ohio	196	179	182	186	189	3	3.5	3.2	3.2	3.3	3.3	0.0
Oklahoma	94	77	79	72	87	15	5.3	4.3	4.4	4.0	4.9	0.9
Oregon	72	75	65	74	66	-8	3.6	3.8	3.3	3.7	3.3	-0.4
Pennsylvania	190	210	193	186	187	1	3.1	3.4	3.1	3.0	3.0	0.0
Rhode Island	21	21	22	22	19	-3	4.2	4.1	4.3	4.3	3.7	-0.6
South Carolina	102	98	97	111	101	-10	4.4	4.1	4.1	4.6	4.2	-0.4
South Dakota	19	17	17	18	17	-1	4.1	3.6	3.7	3.8	3.6	-0.2
Tennessee	131	113	125	138	130	-8	4.0	3.4	3.7	4.1	3.9	-0.2
Texas	592	443	495	515	514	-1	4.2	3.1	3.5	3.6	3.6	0.0
Utah	71	71	69	66	62	-4	4.1	4.0	3.9	3.7	3.5	-0.2
Vermont	12	12	13	13	12	-1	3.9	3.8	4.1	4.1	3.8	-0.3
Virginia	161	145	157	165	139	-26	3.8	3.4	3.7	3.9	3.3	-0.6
Washington	103	108	107	114	101	-13	2.8	2.9	2.9	3.1	2.8	-0.3
West Virginia	31	29	29	30	30	0	4.3	4.0	4.0	4.2	4.2	0.0
Wisconsin	105	98	92	97	95	-2	3.5	3.2	3.0	3.2	3.1	-0.1
Wyoming	13	13	12	14	12	-2	4.4	4.4	4.1	4.7	4.1	-0.6
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 3. Total separations levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)						Rates
	Oct. 2023	July 2024	Aug. 2024	Sept. 2024	Oct. 2024(p)	Change from: Sept. 2024 - Oct. 2024(p)	Oct. 2023	July 2024	Aug. 2024	Sept. 2024	Oct. 2024(p)	Change from: Sept. 2024 - Oct. 2024(p)
TOTAL U.S.	5,630	5,314	5,168	5,196	5,261	65	3.6	3.4	3.3	3.3	3.3	0.0
Alabama	88	78	73	72	78	6	4.1	3.5	3.3	3.3	3.5	0.2
Alaska	17	20	18	17	22	5	5.1	5.9	5.3	5.0	6.5	1.5
Arizona	145	132	113	111	142	31	4.5	4.0	3.5	3.4	4.3	0.9
Arkansas	56	51	53	49	51	2	4.1	3.7	3.9	3.6	3.7	0.1
California	536	482	452	468	551	83	3.0	2.7	2.5	2.6	3.0	0.4
Colorado	106	122	94	82	155	73	3.6	4.1	3.1	2.7	5.1	2.4
Connecticut	59	53	49	54	57	3	3.5	3.1	2.9	3.2	3.3	0.1
Delaware	19	21	17	19	18	-1	3.9	4.3	3.5	3.9	3.7	-0.2
District of Columbia	22	23	23	21	21	0	2.9	3.0	3.0	2.7	2.7	0.0
Florida	407	364	365	378	309	-69	4.1	3.6	3.7	3.8	3.1	-0.7
Georgia	196	191	180	172	173	1	4.0	3.8	3.6	3.5	3.5	0.0
Hawaii	17	20	21	23	21	-2	2.7	3.1	3.3	3.6	3.3	-0.3
Idaho	33	41	41	40	41	1	3.9	4.7	4.7	4.6	4.7	0.1
Illinois	186	178	224	174	182	8	3.0	2.9	3.6	2.8	3.0	0.2
Indiana	118	130	122	126	144	18	3.6	4.0	3.7	3.8	4.4	0.6
Iowa	49	54	54	50	49	-1	3.1	3.4	3.4	3.1	3.1	0.0
Kansas	40	50	56	47	46	-1	2.8	3.4	3.8	3.2	3.1	-0.1
Kentucky	77	78	66	71	77	6	3.8	3.8	3.2	3.5	3.8	0.3
Louisiana	88	89	68	83	87	4	4.5	4.5	3.5	4.2	4.4	0.2
Maine	36	27	24	24	26	2	5.5	4.1	3.7	3.7	4.0	0.3
Maryland	104	106	86	102	93	-9	3.8	3.8	3.1	3.7	3.4	-0.3
Massachusetts	107	108	89	86	89	3	2.9	2.9	2.4	2.3	2.4	0.1
Michigan	141	140	166	161	153	-8	3.2	3.1	3.7	3.6	3.4	-0.2
Minnesota	108	81	105	101	100	-1	3.6	2.7	3.5	3.3	3.3	0.0
Mississippi	54	51	43	45	47	2	4.6	4.3	3.6	3.8	3.9	0.1
Missouri	94	108	110	98	96	-2	3.1	3.5	3.6	3.2	3.1	-0.1
Montana	23	27	24	24	28	4	4.4	5.0	4.5	4.5	5.2	0.7
Nebraska	32	40	41	34	35	1	3.0	3.7	3.8	3.2	3.2	0.0
Nevada	51	61	57	56	63	7	3.3	3.9	3.6	3.5	4.0	0.5
New Hampshire	28	27	21	25	24	-1	4.0	3.8	2.9	3.5	3.4	-0.1
New Jersey	191	163	115	128	132	4	4.4	3.7	2.6	2.9	3.0	0.1
New Mexico	28	36	28	33	33	0	3.2	4.1	3.2	3.7	3.7	0.0
New York	329	239	267	323	247	-76	3.4	2.4	2.7	3.3	2.5	-0.8
North Carolina	192	165	134	156	156	0	3.9	3.3	2.7	3.1	3.1	0.0
North Dakota	15	20	18	17	17	0	3.4	4.5	4.0	3.8	3.8	0.0
Ohio	203	189	198	194	179	-15	3.6	3.3	3.5	3.4	3.2	-0.2
Oklahoma	90	68	70	65	78	13	5.1	3.8	3.9	3.6	4.4	0.8
Oregon	70	84	71	71	82	11	3.5	4.2	3.6	3.6	4.1	0.5
Pennsylvania	223	217	206	197	166	-31	3.7	3.5	3.3	3.2	2.7	-0.5
Rhode Island	24	20	20	21	23	2	4.8	3.9	3.9	4.1	4.5	0.4
South Carolina	98	108	88	98	100	2	4.2	4.5	3.7	4.1	4.2	0.1
South Dakota	15	20	18	16	16	0	3.2	4.3	3.9	3.4	3.4	0.0
Tennessee	138	129	126	128	134	6	4.2	3.9	3.8	3.8	4.0	0.2
Texas	524	403	482	479	444	-35	3.7	2.8	3.4	3.4	3.1	-0.3
Utah	62	70	66	63	72	9	3.6	4.0	3.7	3.6	4.1	0.5
Vermont	14	12	12	12	12	0	4.5	3.8	3.8	3.8	3.8	0.0
Virginia	157	168	136	150	142	-8	3.8	4.0	3.2	3.5	3.3	-0.2
Washington	86	110	121	101	112	11	2.4	3.0	3.3	2.8	3.1	0.3
West Virginia	30	33	28	27	30	3	4.2	4.6	3.9	3.8	4.2	0.4
Wisconsin	94	96	95	88	93	5	3.1	3.2	3.1	2.9	3.1	0.2
Wyoming	12	13	12	13	17	4	4.1	4.4	4.1	4.4	5.7	1.3
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 4. Quits levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)						Rates
	Oct. 2023	July 2024	Aug. 2024	Sept. 2024	Oct. 2024(p)	Change from: Sept. 2024 - Oct. 2024(p)	Oct. 2023	July 2024	Aug. 2024	Sept. 2024	Oct. 2024(p)	Change from: Sept. 2024 - Oct. 2024(p)
TOTAL U.S.	3,634	3,243	3,178	3,098	3,326	228	2.3	2.0	2.0	1.9	2.1	0.2
Alabama	60	50	46	48	51	3	2.8	2.3	2.1	2.2	2.3	0.1
Alaska	11	11	12	10	14	4	3.3	3.2	3.5	2.9	4.1	1.2
Arizona	98	70	72	65	91	26	3.1	2.1	2.2	2.0	2.8	0.8
Arkansas	38	33	28	31	33	2	2.8	2.4	2.0	2.3	2.4	0.1
California	325	283	285	274	352	78	1.8	1.6	1.6	1.5	1.9	0.4
Colorado	66	78	64	45	88	43	2.2	2.6	2.1	1.5	2.9	1.4
Connecticut	30	27	29	32	30	-2	1.8	1.6	1.7	1.9	1.8	-0.1
Delaware	12	13	10	12	11	-1	2.5	2.7	2.0	2.5	2.3	-0.2
District of Columbia	14	14	13	13	13	0	1.8	1.8	1.7	1.7	1.7	0.0
Florida	285	264	269	250	196	-54	2.9	2.6	2.7	2.5	2.0	-0.5
Georgia	143	119	105	98	114	16	2.9	2.4	2.1	2.0	2.3	0.3
Hawaii	11	11	12	13	13	0	1.7	1.7	1.9	2.0	2.0	0.0
Idaho	22	24	26	21	26	5	2.6	2.8	3.0	2.4	2.9	0.5
Illinois	136	105	138	92	115	23	2.2	1.7	2.2	1.5	1.9	0.4
Indiana	84	74	78	87	105	18	2.6	2.3	2.4	2.6	3.2	0.6
Iowa	34	33	30	31	34	3	2.1	2.0	1.9	1.9	2.1	0.2
Kansas	26	29	34	29	30	1	1.8	2.0	2.3	2.0	2.0	0.0
Kentucky	54	50	38	43	50	7	2.7	2.5	1.9	2.1	2.4	0.3
Louisiana	54	56	36	50	53	3	2.8	2.9	1.8	2.6	2.7	0.1
Maine	17	14	14	14	14	0	2.6	2.1	2.1	2.1	2.1	0.0
Maryland	65	69	49	66	58	-8	2.4	2.5	1.8	2.4	2.1	-0.3
Massachusetts	56	58	53	51	49	-2	1.5	1.5	1.4	1.4	1.3	-0.1
Michigan	90	80	100	95	96	1	2.0	1.8	2.2	2.1	2.1	0.0
Minnesota	75	49	69	63	65	2	2.5	1.6	2.3	2.1	2.1	0.0
Mississippi	37	35	27	30	30	0	3.1	2.9	2.3	2.5	2.5	0.0
Missouri	66	67	67	58	66	8	2.2	2.2	2.2	1.9	2.1	0.2
Montana	15	15	15	13	18	5	2.9	2.8	2.8	2.4	3.4	1.0
Nebraska	23	22	23	20	23	3	2.2	2.1	2.1	1.9	2.1	0.2
Nevada	35	35	33	31	41	10	2.2	2.2	2.1	2.0	2.6	0.6
New Hampshire	16	13	12	12	12	0	2.3	1.8	1.7	1.7	1.7	0.0
New Jersey	86	72	64	59	63	4	2.0	1.6	1.5	1.3	1.4	0.1
New Mexico	19	19	17	18	20	2	2.2	2.1	1.9	2.0	2.3	0.3
New York	169	133	156	180	162	-18	1.7	1.3	1.6	1.8	1.6	-0.2
North Carolina	126	110	87	90	94	4	2.5	2.2	1.7	1.8	1.9	0.1
North Dakota	10	10	10	10	12	2	2.3	2.3	2.2	2.2	2.7	0.5
Ohio	129	117	115	109	131	22	2.3	2.1	2.0	1.9	2.3	0.4
Oklahoma	65	43	44	41	52	11	3.7	2.4	2.5	2.3	2.9	0.6
Oregon	48	44	42	39	52	13	2.4	2.2	2.1	2.0	2.6	0.6
Pennsylvania	128	129	124	128	100	-28	2.1	2.1	2.0	2.1	1.6	-0.5
Rhode Island	13	10	11	13	10	-3	2.6	2.0	2.2	2.5	1.9	-0.6
South Carolina	65	70	55	57	64	7	2.8	2.9	2.3	2.4	2.7	0.3
South Dakota	11	11	11	11	11	0	2.4	2.4	2.4	2.4	2.3	-0.1
Tennessee	99	83	76	80	88	8	3.0	2.5	2.3	2.4	2.6	0.2
Texas	370	288	297	294	272	-22	2.6	2.0	2.1	2.1	1.9	-0.2
Utah	44	41	36	35	44	9	2.5	2.3	2.0	2.0	2.5	0.5
Vermont	7	6	7	7	6	-1	2.3	1.9	2.2	2.2	1.9	-0.3
Virginia	99	105	88	92	89	-3	2.4	2.5	2.1	2.2	2.1	-0.1
Washington	55	62	64	57	69	12	1.5	1.7	1.7	1.6	1.9	0.3
West Virginia	21	22	17	18	19	1	2.9	3.1	2.4	2.5	2.6	0.1
Wisconsin	65	57	59	53	63	10	2.2	1.9	1.9	1.7	2.1	0.4
Wyoming	8	7	7	7	12	5	2.7	2.4	2.4	2.4	4.1	1.7
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)						Rates
	Oct. 2023	July 2024	Aug. 2024	Sept. 2024	Oct. 2024(p)	Change from: Sept. 2024 - Oct. 2024(p)	Oct. 2023	July 2024	Aug. 2024	Sept. 2024	Oct. 2024(p)	Change from: Sept. 2024 - Oct. 2024(p)
TOTAL U.S.	1,653	1,713	1,668	1,802	1,633	-169	1.1	1.1	1.0	1.1	1.0	-0.1
Alabama	23	23	22	21	23	2	1.1	1.0	1.0	0.9	1.0	0.1
Alaska	5	5	5	6	6	0	1.5	1.5	1.5	1.8	1.8	0.0
Arizona	40	50	35	38	42	4	1.2	1.5	1.1	1.2	1.3	0.1
Arkansas	15	15	22	16	16	0	1.1	1.1	1.6	1.2	1.2	0.0
California	179	181	151	160	180	20	1.0	1.0	0.8	0.9	1.0	0.1
Colorado	34	36	23	31	60	29	1.1	1.2	0.8	1.0	2.0	1.0
Connecticut	24	21	15	18	25	7	1.4	1.2	0.9	1.1	1.5	0.4
Delaware	5	7	6	6	5	-1	1.0	1.4	1.2	1.2	1.0	-0.2
District of Columbia	6	7	7	6	7	1	0.8	0.9	0.9	0.8	0.9	0.1
Florida	95	90	86	107	102	-5	1.0	0.9	0.9	1.1	1.0	-0.1
Georgia	42	60	65	67	51	-16	0.9	1.2	1.3	1.3	1.0	-0.3
Hawaii	5	6	7	9	6	-3	0.8	0.9	1.1	1.4	0.9	-0.5
Idaho	10	12	12	16	12	-4	1.2	1.4	1.4	1.8	1.4	-0.4
Illinois	45	62	77	69	61	-8	0.7	1.0	1.2	1.1	1.0	-0.1
Indiana	31	49	38	35	34	-1	1.0	1.5	1.2	1.1	1.0	-0.1
Iowa	13	18	19	16	12	-4	0.8	1.1	1.2	1.0	0.7	-0.3
Kansas	12	17	18	15	13	-2	0.8	1.2	1.2	1.0	0.9	-0.1
Kentucky	18	20	19	23	23	0	0.9	1.0	0.9	1.1	1.1	0.0
Louisiana	28	24	28	29	29	0	1.4	1.2	1.4	1.5	1.5	0.0
Maine	17	11	8	8	10	2	2.6	1.7	1.2	1.2	1.5	0.3
Maryland	32	30	29	30	29	-1	1.2	1.1	1.0	1.1	1.0	-0.1
Massachusetts	43	41	25	28	31	3	1.2	1.1	0.7	0.7	0.8	0.1
Michigan	43	51	60	58	50	-8	1.0	1.1	1.3	1.3	1.1	-0.2
Minnesota	28	24	22	29	25	-4	0.9	0.8	0.7	1.0	0.8	-0.2
Mississippi	13	13	12	12	14	2	1.1	1.1	1.0	1.0	1.2	0.2
Missouri	25	30	31	36	24	-12	0.8	1.0	1.0	1.2	0.8	-0.4
Montana	7	8	7	9	8	-1	1.3	1.5	1.3	1.7	1.5	-0.2
Nebraska	8	14	15	12	10	-2	0.8	1.3	1.4	1.1	0.9	-0.2
Nevada	14	19	20	22	18	-4	0.9	1.2	1.3	1.4	1.1	-0.3
New Hampshire	10	12	8	10	10	0	1.4	1.7	1.1	1.4	1.4	0.0
New Jersey	92	80	38	63	59	-4	2.1	1.8	0.9	1.4	1.3	-0.1
New Mexico	7	10	8	12	9	-3	0.8	1.1	0.9	1.4	1.0	-0.4
New York	132	94	96	128	48	-80	1.4	1.0	1.0	1.3	0.5	-0.8
North Carolina	51	48	41	59	56	-3	1.0	1.0	0.8	1.2	1.1	-0.1
North Dakota	4	9	6	6	4	-2	0.9	2.0	1.3	1.3	0.9	-0.4
Ohio	60	59	74	76	36	-40	1.1	1.0	1.3	1.3	0.6	-0.7
Oklahoma	19	20	20	20	22	2	1.1	1.1	1.1	1.1	1.2	0.1
Oregon	20	29	22	27	24	-3	1.0	1.5	1.1	1.4	1.2	-0.2
Pennsylvania	77	75	71	59	59	0	1.3	1.2	1.1	1.0	1.0	0.0
Rhode Island	10	8	7	7	8	1	2.0	1.6	1.4	1.4	1.6	0.2
South Carolina	26	33	28	37	32	-5	1.1	1.4	1.2	1.5	1.3	-0.2
South Dakota	4	8	6	5	4	-1	0.9	1.7	1.3	1.1	0.9	-0.2
Tennessee	32	38	41	43	40	-3	1.0	1.1	1.2	1.3	1.2	-0.1
Texas	122	94	158	159	152	-7	0.9	0.7	1.1	1.1	1.1	0.0
Utah	16	20	26	24	23	-1	0.9	1.1	1.5	1.4	1.3	-0.1
Vermont	6	5	4	4	5	1	1.9	1.6	1.3	1.3	1.6	0.3
Virginia	46	46	36	50	44	-6	1.1	1.1	0.8	1.2	1.0	-0.2
Washington	27	37	51	38	34	-4	0.7	1.0	1.4	1.0	0.9	-0.1
West Virginia	7	9	9	8	9	1	1.0	1.3	1.3	1.1	1.3	0.2
Wisconsin	24	33	30	31	24	-7	0.8	1.1	1.0	1.0	0.8	-0.2
Wyoming	3	4	4	5	4	-1	1.0	1.4	1.4	1.7	1.4	-0.3
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 6. Job openings levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)			Rates
	Oct. 2023	Sept. 2024	Oct. 2024(p)	Oct. 2023	Sept. 2024	Oct. 2024(p)
TOTAL U.S.	9,156	7,239	8,167	5.5	4.3	4.9
Alabama	129	117	139	5.6	5.0	5.9
Alaska	19	19	18	5.3	5.1	5.1
Arizona	211	172	211	6.1	5.0	6.0
Arkansas	81	106	80	5.6	7.2	5.5
California	847	574	739	4.5	3.1	3.9
Colorado	258	130	327	8.0	4.2	9.8
Connecticut	82	78	72	4.5	4.4	4.0
Delaware	30	22	31	5.9	4.3	5.9
District of Columbia	40	37	39	4.9	4.6	4.8
Florida	631	397	490	6.0	3.8	4.7
Georgia	336	233	312	6.4	4.5	5.9
Hawaii	27	28	26	4.2	4.2	4.0
Idaho	66	42	57	7.2	4.5	6.0
Illinois	316	269	258	4.9	4.2	4.0
Indiana	169	141	151	4.9	4.1	4.3
Iowa	91	71	78	5.3	4.3	4.6
Kansas	78	74	74	5.1	4.8	4.8
Kentucky	116	122	142	5.4	5.6	6.5
Louisiana	136	92	128	6.5	4.5	6.1
Maine	53	29	46	7.5	4.2	6.5
Maryland	177	133	172	6.0	4.6	5.8
Massachusetts	247	177	178	6.2	4.5	4.5
Michigan	232	230	205	4.9	4.8	4.3
Minnesota	235	175	212	7.2	5.4	6.5
Mississippi	85	58	77	6.7	4.6	6.0
Missouri	168	172	171	5.3	5.3	5.2
Montana	36	29	33	6.4	5.1	5.8
Nebraska	58	52	52	5.1	4.6	4.6
Nevada	90	74	86	5.4	4.5	5.1
New Hampshire	38	38	31	5.1	5.0	4.1
New Jersey	216	223	218	4.7	4.8	4.7
New Mexico	62	51	60	6.6	5.4	6.3
New York	477	498	424	4.6	4.8	4.1
North Carolina	306	253	296	5.8	4.8	5.5
North Dakota	25	26	22	5.2	5.4	4.6
Ohio	328	266	282	5.5	4.5	4.7
Oklahoma	130	95	126	6.8	5.1	6.5
Oregon	112	109	110	5.3	5.2	5.2
Pennsylvania	394	276	239	6.0	4.2	3.7
Rhode Island	32	32	27	5.9	5.8	4.9
South Carolina	177	117	161	7.1	4.7	6.3
South Dakota	25	22	22	5.1	4.5	4.5
Tennessee	198	156	181	5.6	4.4	5.1
Texas	777	510	595	5.2	3.5	4.0
Utah	105	88	101	5.7	4.7	5.3
Vermont	19	14	16	5.7	4.3	4.8
Virginia	254	240	280	5.7	5.4	6.2
Washington	167	156	159	4.4	4.1	4.2
West Virginia	51	47	48	6.6	6.1	6.3
Wisconsin	206	151	149	6.4	4.7	4.6
Wyoming	16	15	16	5.1	4.7	5.0
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 7. Hires levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)			Rates
	Oct. 2023	Sept. 2024	Oct. 2024(p)	Oct. 2023	Sept. 2024	Oct. 2024(p)
TOTAL U.S.	6,245	5,630	5,734	4.0	3.5	3.6
Alabama	95	84	90	4.3	3.8	4.0
Alaska	12	15	11	3.5	4.2	3.4
Arizona	157	126	126	4.9	3.9	3.8
Arkansas	56	68	57	4.1	4.9	4.1
California	660	545	591	3.7	3.0	3.2
Colorado	164	82	163	5.5	2.7	5.4
Connecticut	60	59	54	3.5	3.4	3.1
Delaware	21	20	20	4.4	4.0	4.2
District of Columbia	23	26	22	3.0	3.3	2.8
Florida	466	387	328	4.7	3.9	3.3
Georgia	228	200	198	4.6	4.0	4.0
Hawaii	20	24	19	3.2	3.7	2.9
Idaho	47	41	45	5.5	4.6	5.0
Illinois	225	195	217	3.6	3.2	3.5
Indiana	135	113	138	4.1	3.4	4.1
Iowa	64	50	58	4.0	3.1	3.6
Kansas	52	54	53	3.5	3.7	3.6
Kentucky	74	84	75	3.6	4.1	3.6
Louisiana	93	87	99	4.7	4.4	5.0
Maine	29	20	26	4.5	3.0	3.9
Maryland	102	101	109	3.7	3.6	3.9
Massachusetts	120	132	105	3.2	3.5	2.8
Michigan	158	202	162	3.5	4.5	3.6
Minnesota	156	99	131	5.2	3.3	4.3
Mississippi	50	45	53	4.2	3.8	4.4
Missouri	112	107	96	3.7	3.5	3.1
Montana	26	35	24	5.0	6.4	4.5
Nebraska	40	36	39	3.8	3.3	3.6
Nevada	70	70	64	4.5	4.4	4.1
New Hampshire	24	25	22	3.4	3.4	3.1
New Jersey	152	141	142	3.5	3.2	3.2
New Mexico	37	34	34	4.2	3.8	3.8
New York	294	313	267	3.0	3.2	2.7
North Carolina	190	156	204	3.8	3.1	4.0
North Dakota	17	17	16	3.9	3.8	3.5
Ohio	204	187	198	3.6	3.3	3.5
Oklahoma	100	78	98	5.7	4.4	5.4
Oregon	79	86	71	3.9	4.3	3.5
Pennsylvania	203	192	198	3.3	3.1	3.2
Rhode Island	21	23	20	4.2	4.4	3.8
South Carolina	109	105	106	4.7	4.4	4.4
South Dakota	18	16	17	3.9	3.5	3.5
Tennessee	140	130	137	4.2	3.9	4.1
Texas	618	511	557	4.4	3.6	3.9
Utah	77	71	65	4.4	4.0	3.7
Vermont	12	11	12	3.9	3.5	3.6
Virginia	177	164	155	4.2	3.9	3.6
Washington	109	128	105	3.0	3.5	2.9
West Virginia	32	34	31	4.4	4.7	4.3
Wisconsin	105	91	96	3.5	3.0	3.1
Wyoming	12	13	11	3.9	4.3	3.6
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 8. Total separations levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)			Rates
	Oct. 2023	Sept. 2024	Oct. 2024(p)	Oct. 2023	Sept. 2024	Oct. 2024(p)
TOTAL U.S.	5,684	5,459	5,330	3.6	3.4	3.3
Alabama	91	75	82	4.2	3.4	3.7
Alaska	25	26	30	7.7	7.5	9.0
Arizona	142	91	142	4.4	2.8	4.3
Arkansas	55	47	51	4.1	3.4	3.7
California	534	453	544	3.0	2.5	3.0
Colorado	118	85	188	4.0	2.8	6.2
Connecticut	53	59	51	3.1	3.4	3.0
Delaware	20	24	19	4.2	5.0	3.8
District of Columbia	23	20	22	3.0	2.5	2.8
Florida	390	360	295	4.0	3.6	3.0
Georgia	187	179	165	3.8	3.6	3.3
Hawaii	15	29	17	2.3	4.5	2.6
Idaho	37	45	44	4.4	5.1	4.9
Illinois	200	175	191	3.3	2.8	3.1
Indiana	118	121	148	3.6	3.6	4.4
Iowa	53	51	53	3.3	3.2	3.3
Kansas	38	47	43	2.6	3.2	2.9
Kentucky	72	71	75	3.5	3.4	3.6
Louisiana	84	83	85	4.3	4.2	4.3
Maine	39	30	28	5.9	4.6	4.3
Maryland	108	122	99	3.9	4.4	3.5
Massachusetts	106	120	85	2.8	3.2	2.3
Michigan	146	185	161	3.3	4.1	3.6
Minnesota	110	109	106	3.6	3.6	3.5
Mississippi	53	44	48	4.4	3.7	4.0
Missouri	92	103	90	3.0	3.4	2.9
Montana	26	31	31	5.0	5.7	5.7
Nebraska	33	34	36	3.1	3.1	3.3
Nevada	50	50	59	3.2	3.1	3.7
New Hampshire	30	31	24	4.3	4.3	3.3
New Jersey	198	167	134	4.5	3.8	3.0
New Mexico	28	33	31	3.2	3.8	3.5
New York	323	363	242	3.3	3.7	2.4
North Carolina	202	169	167	4.1	3.4	3.3
North Dakota	15	17	17	3.5	3.8	3.8
Ohio	218	206	194	3.8	3.6	3.4
Oklahoma	91	60	83	5.1	3.4	4.6
Oregon	71	72	79	3.6	3.6	4.0
Pennsylvania	215	199	156	3.5	3.2	2.5
Rhode Island	26	24	23	5.2	4.7	4.4
South Carolina	101	104	105	4.3	4.4	4.4
South Dakota	16	20	16	3.5	4.3	3.5
Tennessee	143	133	147	4.3	4.0	4.4
Texas	521	506	440	3.7	3.5	3.1
Utah	59	62	67	3.4	3.5	3.8
Vermont	12	14	10	3.9	4.6	3.2
Virginia	163	165	149	3.9	3.9	3.5
Washington	98	105	121	2.7	2.9	3.3
West Virginia	31	25	31	4.3	3.5	4.3
Wisconsin	89	97	87	2.9	3.2	2.8
Wyoming	14	17	20	4.9	5.5	6.6
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 9. Quits levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)			Rates
	Oct. 2023	Sept. 2024	Oct. 2024(p)	Oct. 2023	Sept. 2024	Oct. 2024(p)
TOTAL U.S.	3,706	3,264	3,413	2.3	2.1	2.1
Alabama	65	49	56	3.0	2.2	2.5
Alaska	17	16	19	5.2	4.7	5.8
Arizona	94	58	91	2.9	1.8	2.8
Arkansas	38	29	34	2.8	2.1	2.4
California	324	271	348	1.8	1.5	1.9
Colorado	72	51	95	2.4	1.7	3.2
Connecticut	27	35	25	1.6	2.0	1.5
Delaware	14	16	12	2.9	3.3	2.5
District of Columbia	15	12	13	2.0	1.6	1.7
Florida	274	239	185	2.8	2.4	1.9
Georgia	138	99	111	2.8	2.0	2.2
Hawaii	10	16	11	1.6	2.6	1.7
Idaho	24	27	28	2.9	3.0	3.1
Illinois	151	100	130	2.4	1.6	2.1
Indiana	85	86	112	2.6	2.6	3.4
Iowa	36	32	37	2.3	2.0	2.3
Kansas	25	29	29	1.7	2.0	2.0
Kentucky	51	43	48	2.5	2.1	2.3
Louisiana	54	47	54	2.8	2.4	2.7
Maine	19	18	15	2.9	2.8	2.3
Maryland	68	75	62	2.5	2.7	2.2
Massachusetts	56	68	49	1.5	1.8	1.3
Michigan	95	109	103	2.1	2.4	2.3
Minnesota	77	68	71	2.5	2.3	2.3
Mississippi	38	29	32	3.2	2.4	2.7
Missouri	65	61	65	2.1	2.0	2.1
Montana	16	18	19	3.1	3.3	3.6
Nebraska	23	20	24	2.2	1.9	2.2
Nevada	34	28	39	2.1	1.8	2.4
New Hampshire	16	16	12	2.2	2.2	1.7
New Jersey	96	73	69	2.2	1.7	1.6
New Mexico	19	20	19	2.1	2.2	2.1
New York	160	192	154	1.6	1.9	1.6
North Carolina	141	96	111	2.8	1.9	2.2
North Dakota	11	11	12	2.4	2.4	2.7
Ohio	135	117	140	2.4	2.1	2.5
Oklahoma	65	39	57	3.7	2.2	3.2
Oregon	49	43	51	2.5	2.2	2.6
Pennsylvania	129	137	103	2.1	2.2	1.6
Rhode Island	13	15	11	2.6	2.9	2.1
South Carolina	67	60	67	2.9	2.5	2.8
South Dakota	11	13	12	2.4	2.8	2.4
Tennessee	105	82	99	3.2	2.5	2.9
Texas	381	303	275	2.7	2.1	1.9
Utah	40	37	40	2.3	2.1	2.2
Vermont	6	8	5	2.0	2.7	1.6
Virginia	105	99	94	2.5	2.3	2.2
Washington	62	66	74	1.7	1.8	2.0
West Virginia	21	17	19	2.9	2.3	2.6
Wisconsin	60	59	59	2.0	1.9	1.9
Wyoming	10	10	13	3.3	3.2	4.3
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 10. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)			Rates
	Oct. 2023	Sept. 2024	Oct. 2024(p)	Oct. 2023	Sept. 2024	Oct. 2024(p)
TOTAL U.S.	1,657	1,911	1,635	1.0	1.2	1.0
Alabama	21	23	21	1.0	1.0	1.0
Alaska	7	8	9	2.2	2.3	2.7
Arizona	42	27	43	1.3	0.8	1.3
Arkansas	14	15	15	1.0	1.1	1.1
California	181	139	180	1.0	0.8	1.0
Colorado	40	29	86	1.4	1.0	2.9
Connecticut	22	22	23	1.3	1.3	1.3
Delaware	5	7	5	1.1	1.5	1.1
District of Columbia	6	6	7	0.7	0.8	0.9
Florida	88	104	98	0.9	1.0	1.0
Georgia	39	74	47	0.8	1.5	0.9
Hawaii	4	10	5	0.7	1.6	0.8
Idaho	12	16	14	1.4	1.9	1.6
Illinois	45	64	57	0.7	1.0	0.9
Indiana	30	32	32	0.9	1.0	1.0
Iowa	15	17	13	0.9	1.1	0.8
Kansas	11	16	12	0.8	1.1	0.8
Kentucky	17	25	23	0.9	1.2	1.1
Louisiana	25	32	28	1.3	1.6	1.4
Maine	17	10	11	2.6	1.5	1.6
Maryland	34	40	32	1.2	1.4	1.1
Massachusetts	42	46	27	1.1	1.2	0.7
Michigan	45	69	53	1.0	1.5	1.2
Minnesota	29	30	27	0.9	1.0	0.9
Mississippi	12	14	14	1.0	1.1	1.1
Missouri	24	37	21	0.8	1.2	0.7
Montana	9	11	10	1.7	2.1	1.8
Nebraska	9	12	10	0.9	1.1	0.9
Nevada	15	18	18	0.9	1.2	1.1
New Hampshire	12	13	10	1.8	1.8	1.3
New Jersey	89	86	51	2.0	2.0	1.2
New Mexico	8	12	10	0.9	1.3	1.1
New York	139	157	53	1.4	1.6	0.5
North Carolina	40	66	48	0.8	1.3	0.9
North Dakota	4	5	4	0.9	1.2	0.8
Ohio	70	81	44	1.2	1.4	0.8
Oklahoma	19	18	22	1.1	1.0	1.2
Oregon	20	25	24	1.0	1.2	1.2
Pennsylvania	69	54	46	1.1	0.9	0.7
Rhode Island	12	8	8	2.3	1.5	1.6
South Carolina	27	41	34	1.1	1.7	1.4
South Dakota	4	6	4	0.9	1.3	0.9
Tennessee	32	47	41	1.0	1.4	1.2
Texas	109	176	145	0.8	1.2	1.0
Utah	18	21	24	1.0	1.2	1.3
Vermont	5	5	4	1.7	1.7	1.2
Virginia	50	57	47	1.2	1.3	1.1
Washington	33	34	39	0.9	0.9	1.1
West Virginia	8	8	10	1.1	1.1	1.4
Wisconsin	24	32	22	0.8	1.1	0.7
Wyoming	4	6	6	1.4	1.9	1.9
Footnotes (p) Preliminary