Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey News Release

For release 10:00 a.m. (ET) Wednesday, January 4, 2023   USDL-23-0001
Technical information:	(202) 691-5870  •  JoltsInfo@bls.gov  •  www.bls.gov/jlt
Media contact:	        (202) 691-5902  •  PressOffice@bls.gov

                        JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – NOVEMBER 2022

The number of job openings was little changed at 10.5 million on the last business day of November, the 
U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Over the month, the number of hires and total 
separations changed little at 6.1 million and 5.9 million, respectively. Within separations, quits  
(4.2 million) and layoffs and discharges (1.4 million) changed little. This release includes estimates of 
the number and rate of job openings, hires, and separations for the total nonfarm sector, by industry, and 
by establishment size class. 
      
Job Openings

On the last business day of November, the number of job openings changed little at 10.5 million. The 
rate was unchanged at 6.4 percent but was 0.9 percentage points lower than its peak in March 2022. In 
November, job openings increased in professional and business services (+212,000) and in nondurable 
goods manufacturing (+39,000). The number of job openings decreased in finance and insurance 
(-75,000) and in federal government (-44,000). (See table 1.)

Hires

In November, the number and rate of hires changed little at 6.1 million and 3.9 percent, respectively. 
Hires increased in health care and social assistance (+74,000). (See table 2.)

Separations

Total separations includes quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Quits are generally 
voluntary separations initiated by the employee. Therefore, the quits rate can serve as a measure of 
workers’ willingness or ability to leave jobs. Layoffs and discharges are involuntary separations initiated 
by the employer. Other separations includes separations due to retirement, death, disability, and transfers 
to other locations of the same firm.

In November, the number of total separations changed little at 5.9 million, and the rate held at 3.8 
percent. The number of total separations increased in health care and social assistance (+99,000) and in 
transportation, warehousing, and utilities (+76,000). (See table 3.)

In November, the number and rate of quits were little changed at 4.2 million and 2.7 percent, 
respectively. Quits increased in health care and social assistance (+82,000); transportation, warehousing, 
and utilities (+73,000); and information (+19,000). (See table 4.)

In November, the number of layoffs and discharges changed little at 1.4 million, and the rate remained 
at 0.9 percent. Layoffs and discharges increased in finance and insurance (+19,000). (See table 5.)

The number of other separations increased in November to 347,000 (+83,000). Other separations 
increased in professional and business services (+49,000). (See table 6.)

Establishment Size Class

In November, the total separations rate increased in establishments with 50 to 249 employees. The quits 
rate increased in establishments with 1 to 9 employees. For a more in-depth description of the JOLTS 
establishment size class estimates, please visit www.bls.gov/jlt/sizeclassmethodology.htm.
____________
The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey estimates for December 2022 are scheduled to be 
released on Wednesday, February 1, 2023, at 10:00 a.m. (ET).
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________
|Upcoming Changes to the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey Data                                      |
|                                                                                                         |
|Effective with the release of January 2023 data on March 8, 2023, the Job Openings and Labor Turnover    | 
|Survey (JOLTS) estimates will be revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment     | 
|Statistics employment data and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors. Not seasonally adjusted data and   | 
|seasonally adjusted data from January 2018 forward are subject to revision. In accordance with annual    | 
|practice, additional historical data may be revised as a result of the benchmark process. Also effective | 
|with this release, JOLTS is adopting the 2022 version of the North American Industry Classification      | 
|System (NAICS), which has a minimal impact on the published JOLTS data series. For more                  | 
|information on the 2022 NAICS, visit www.census.gov/naics.                                               |
|                                                                                                         |
|Also effective with the release of January data, JOLTS will begin publishing two new tables presenting   |   
|annual average job openings levels and rates. (Annual estimates of levels and rates are published each   | 
|year with January data.) In addition, JOLTS will modify its method for calculating annual estimates for  | 
|hires and separations rates. Annual rates will be computed as annual averages, instead of annual totals, | 
|to make the estimates more helpful for data users and to be consistent with other Bureau of Labor        | 
|Statistics programs.                                                                                     |
|                                                                                                         |
|JOLTS will introduce several changes to the monthly news release tables beginning with the news          | 
|release for January data. Two tables displaying JOLTS data by size class will be added to the news       | 
|release: one for seasonally adjusted estimates and the other for not seasonally adjusted estimates. JOLTS| 
|will also introduce over-the-month change columns for levels and rates to tables 1 through 6. To         |  
|accommodate the new tables, tables starting with table 7 will be renumbered.                             |
|                                                                                                         |
|Additional information about these changes, including the annual average calculation method and          | 
|sample table shells for all news release tables, is available at www.bls.gov/jlt/jolts-2023-changes.htm. |
|_________________________________________________________________________________________________________|

Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted

Category	Job openings			Hires			Total separations
	Nov. 2021	Oct. 2022	Nov. 2022(p)	Nov. 2021	Oct. 2022	Nov. 2022(p)	Nov. 2021	Oct. 2022	Nov. 2022(p)
LEVELS BY INDUSTRY (in thousands)
Total	10,922	10,512	10,458	6,705	6,111	6,055	6,197	5,756	5,870
Total private	9,935	9,528	9,501	6,305	5,719	5,645	5,810	5,385	5,503
Mining and logging	35	46	40	19	21	20	15	18	19
Construction	366	390	388	428	337	309	374	318	286
Manufacturing	806	722	779	465	434	402	418	388	393
Durable goods	499	480	498	256	230	212	243	200	207
Nondurable goods	307	242	281	209	204	191	175	187	186
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,913	1,647	1,638	1,406	1,252	1,259	1,338	1,221	1,287
Wholesale trade	318	285	261	194	159	178	167	147	165
Retail trade	1,036	850	887	905	748	724	899	769	741
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	559	512	490	307	345	357	272	305	381
Information	193	221	211	114	100	120	93	78	97
Financial activities	492	604	514	233	210	234	201	208	233
Finance and insurance	372	419	344	153	136	147	140	134	158
Real estate and rental and leasing	119	185	170	81	74	87	61	74	75
Professional and business services	1,904	1,814	2,026	1,295	1,159	1,102	1,227	1,108	1,128
Education and health services	2,125	2,159	2,090	867	801	869	857	733	821
Educational services	205	159	153	109	97	91	90	90	79
Health care and social assistance	1,920	1,999	1,937	758	704	778	767	643	742
Leisure and hospitality	1,666	1,637	1,519	1,216	1,178	1,121	1,072	1,086	1,063
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	196	209	180	162	151	166	132	143	150
Accommodation and food services	1,470	1,428	1,339	1,054	1,027	955	939	943	913
Other services	435	289	295	262	227	209	215	228	177
Government	987	984	957	400	391	410	387	371	367
Federal	151	120	76	45	43	39	41	40	41
State and local	836	864	881	355	348	371	345	331	326
State and local education	329	327	336	197	177	182	172	167	159
State and local, excluding education	507	537	545	158	171	189	173	164	167
RATES BY INDUSTRY (percent)
Total	6.8	6.4	6.4	4.5	4.0	3.9	4.2	3.8	3.8
Total private	7.3	6.8	6.8	5.0	4.4	4.3	4.6	4.1	4.2
Mining and logging	5.6	6.8	5.9	3.3	3.3	3.2	2.6	2.9	3.0
Construction	4.7	4.8	4.8	5.7	4.4	4.0	5.0	4.1	3.7
Manufacturing	6.0	5.3	5.7	3.7	3.4	3.1	3.3	3.0	3.0
Durable goods	6.0	5.6	5.8	3.3	2.9	2.6	3.1	2.5	2.6
Nondurable goods	6.1	4.7	5.4	4.4	4.2	3.9	3.7	3.8	3.8
Trade, transportation, and utilities	6.4	5.4	5.4	5.0	4.4	4.4	4.8	4.2	4.5
Wholesale trade	5.3	4.6	4.2	3.4	2.7	3.0	2.9	2.5	2.8
Retail trade	6.2	5.1	5.3	5.8	4.7	4.6	5.8	4.9	4.7
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	7.6	6.8	6.5	4.5	4.9	5.1	4.0	4.3	5.4
Information	6.2	6.8	6.4	3.9	3.3	3.9	3.2	2.6	3.2
Financial activities	5.3	6.3	5.4	2.6	2.3	2.6	2.3	2.3	2.6
Finance and insurance	5.4	6.0	4.9	2.3	2.1	2.2	2.1	2.0	2.4
Real estate and rental and leasing	4.9	7.3	6.7	3.5	3.1	3.6	2.7	3.1	3.1
Professional and business services	8.1	7.5	8.3	6.0	5.2	4.9	5.6	4.9	5.0
Education and health services	8.2	8.0	7.8	3.6	3.2	3.5	3.6	3.0	3.3
Educational services	5.3	4.0	3.8	3.0	2.5	2.4	2.4	2.3	2.1
Health care and social assistance	8.7	8.7	8.5	3.8	3.4	3.7	3.8	3.1	3.5
Leisure and hospitality	10.0	9.3	8.7	8.2	7.4	7.0	7.2	6.8	6.6
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	8.3	8.2	7.2	7.5	6.5	7.1	6.1	6.1	6.4
Accommodation and food services	10.3	9.5	8.9	8.3	7.6	7.0	7.4	6.9	6.7
Other services	7.2	4.8	4.9	4.7	4.0	3.6	3.9	4.0	3.1
Government	4.3	4.2	4.1	1.8	1.7	1.8	1.7	1.7	1.6
Federal	5.0	4.0	2.6	1.6	1.5	1.4	1.4	1.4	1.4
State and local	4.2	4.2	4.3	1.8	1.8	1.9	1.8	1.7	1.7
State and local education	3.1	3.1	3.1	1.9	1.7	1.7	1.7	1.6	1.5
State and local, excluding education	5.3	5.6	5.6	1.8	1.9	2.1	1.9	1.8	1.8
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Technical Note

This news release presents statistics from the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The JOLTS 
program provides information on labor demand and turnover. Additional information about the JOLTS program can 
be found at www.bls.gov/jlt/. Estimates are published for job openings, hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, 
other separations, and total separations. The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments, as well as 
federal, state, and local government entities in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Industries are classified in 
accordance with the North American Industry Classification System.

Definitions

Employment.  Employment includes persons on the payroll who worked or received pay for the pay period that 
includes the 12th day of the reference month. Full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term, seasonal, salaried, and 
hourly employees are included, as are employees on paid vacation or other paid leave. Proprietors or partners of 
unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, or employees on strike for the entire pay period, and employees 
on leave without pay for the entire pay period are not counted as employed. Employees of temporary help agencies, 
employee leasing companies, outside contractors, and consultants are counted by their employer of record, not by 
the establishment where they are working.

Job Openings.  Job openings include all positions that are open on the last business day of the reference month. 

A job is open only if it meets all three of these conditions: 
* A specific position exists and there is work available for that position. The position can be full-time or part-
time, and it can be permanent, short-term, or seasonal. 
* The job could start within 30 days, whether or not the employer can find a suitable candidate during that time. 
* The employer is actively recruiting workers from outside the establishment to fill the position. Active 
recruiting means that the establishment is taking steps to fill a position. It may include advertising in 
newspapers, on television, or on the radio; posting Internet notices, posting “help wanted” signs, 
networking or making “word-of-mouth” announcements; accepting applications; interviewing candidates; 
contacting employment agencies; or soliciting employees at job fairs, state or local employment offices, or 
similar sources.

Excluded are positions open only to internal transfers, promotions or demotions, or recall from layoffs. Also 
excluded are openings for positions with start dates more than 30 days in the future, positions for which employees 
have been hired but the employees have not yet reported for work, and positions to be filled by employees of 
temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The job openings rate is 
computed by dividing the number of job openings by the sum of employment and job openings and multiplying that 
quotient by 100.

Hires.  Hires include all additions to the payroll during the entire reference month, including newly hired and 
rehired employees; full-time and part-time employees; permanent, short-term, and seasonal employees; employees 
who were recalled to a job at the location following a layoff (formal suspension from pay status) lasting more than 7 
days; on-call or intermittent employees who returned to work after having been formally separated; workers who 
were hired and separated during the month, and transfers from other locations. Excluded are transfers or promotions 
within the reporting location, employees returning from strike, employees of temporary help agencies, employee 
leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The hires rate is computed by dividing the number of hires by 
employment and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Separations.  Separations include all separations from the payroll during the entire reference month and is 
reported by type of separation: quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Quits include employees who 
left voluntarily with the exception of retirements or transfers to other locations. Layoffs and discharges includes 
involuntary separations initiated by the employer including layoffs with no intent to rehire; layoffs (formal 
suspensions from pay status) lasting or expected to last more than 7 days; discharges resulting from mergers, 
downsizing, or closings; firings or other discharges for cause; terminations of permanent or short-term employees; 
and terminations of seasonal employees (whether or not they are expected to return the next season). Other 
separations include retirements, transfers to other locations, separations due to employee disability; and deaths. 
Excluded from separations are transfers within the same location; employees on strike; employees of temporary help 
agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The separations rate is computed by 
dividing the number of separations by employment and multiplying that quotient by 100. The quits, layoffs and 
discharges, and other separations rates are computed similarly.

Estimation Method

The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random sample of 20,700 nonfarm business and government 
establishments. The sample is stratified by ownership, region, industry sector, and establishment size class. The 
establishments are drawn from a universe of over 9.4 million establishments compiled by the Quarterly Census of 
Employment and Wages (QCEW) program which includes all employers subject to state unemployment insurance 
laws and federal agencies subject to the Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees program.

Employment estimates are benchmarked, or ratio adjusted, monthly to the strike-adjusted employment estimates 
of the Current Employment Statistics (CES) survey. A ratio of CES to JOLTS employment is used to adjust the 
levels for all other JOLTS data elements.

Birth/death model.  The time lag from the start up, or birth, of an establishment until its appearance on the 
sampling frame is approximately one year. Also within the first year, new businesses may go out of business, 
referred to as a death. Because not all births and deaths of establishments can be reflected on the sampling frame 
immediately, the JOLTS sample cannot capture job openings, hires, and separations from them during their early 
existence. BLS has developed a birth/death model that uses establishment birth and death activity from previous 
years. The estimates of job openings, hires, and separations produced by the birth/death model are added to the 
sample-based estimates produced from the survey to arrive at the estimates for job openings, hires, and separations.

Alignment.  The JOLTS figure for hires minus separations can be used to derive a measure of net employment 
change. This change should be comparable to the net employment change from the much larger CES survey. 
However, definitional differences as well as sampling and non- sampling errors between the two surveys historically 
caused JOLTS to diverge from CES over time. To limit the divergence, and improve the quality of the JOLTS hires 
and separations series, BLS implemented the monthly alignment method. There are four steps to this method: 
seasonally adjust, align, back out the seasonal adjustment factors, and re-seasonally adjust.

Seasonal adjustment.  BLS uses X-13 ARIMA for seasonal adjustment. A concurrent seasonal adjustment 
methodology is used in which new seasonal adjustment factors are calculated each month, using all relevant data, up 
to and including current month data. JOLTS seasonal adjustment includes both additive and multiplicative models 
and REGARIMA (regression with auto-correlated errors) modeling to improve the seasonal adjustment factors at the 
beginning and end of the series and to detect and adjust for outliers in the series. The seasonally adjusted CES 
employment trends are applied to the seasonally adjusted JOLTS implied employment trends (hires minus 
separations) forcing them to be approximately the same, while preserving the seasonality of the JOLTS data. 

Annual estimates.  The JOLTS estimates are revised annually to reflect annual updates to the CES employment 
estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors. The JOLTS employment levels (not published) are ratio-
adjusted to the CES employment levels, and the resulting ratios are applied to all JOLTS data elements. The 
seasonally adjusted data are recalculated for the most recent 5 years in order to reflect updated seasonal adjustment 
factors. These annual updates result in revisions to both the seasonally adjusted and not seasonally adjusted JOLTS 
data series, for the period since the last benchmark was established.

Annual levels for hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total separations are the sum of the 
12 published monthly levels. Annual rates are computed by dividing the annual level by the Current Employment 
Statistics (CES) annual average employment level, and multiplying that quotient by 100. This figure will be 
approximately equal to the sum of the 12 monthly rates. Consistent with BLS practice, annual estimates are 
published only for not seasonally adjusted data and are released with the January news release each year. Annual 
estimates are not calculated for job openings because job openings are a stock, or point-in-time, measurement for the 
last business day of each month.

Reliability of the estimates

JOLTS estimates are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. Nonsampling error occurs when a sample 
is surveyed rather than the entire population. There is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the true 
population values they represent. The difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the particular sample 
selected. This variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. BLS analysis is generally conducted at 
the 90-percent level of confidence. That means that there is a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that an 
estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value because of 
sampling error. Sampling error estimates are available at www.bls.gov/jlt/jolts_median_standard_errors.htm.

The JOLTS estimates also are affected by nonsampling error. Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons 
including: the failure to include a segment of the population; the inability to obtain data from all units in the sample; 
the inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide data on a timely basis; mistakes made by respondents; errors 
made in the collection or processing of the data; and errors from the employment benchmark data used in estimation.

Other information

If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access telecommunications relay 
services.

Table 1. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Nov. 2021	July 2022	Aug. 2022	Sept. 2022	Oct. 2022	Nov. 2022(p)	Nov. 2021	July 2022	Aug. 2022	Sept. 2022	Oct. 2022	Nov. 2022(p)
Total	10,922	11,170	10,280	10,687	10,512	10,458	6.8	6.8	6.3	6.5	6.4	6.4
INDUSTRY
Total private	9,935	10,065	9,240	9,627	9,528	9,501	7.3	7.2	6.6	6.9	6.8	6.8
Mining and logging	35	35	24	29	46	40	5.6	5.3	3.7	4.4	6.8	5.9
Construction	366	353	386	423	390	388	4.7	4.4	4.8	5.2	4.8	4.8
Manufacturing	806	910	846	835	722	779	6.0	6.6	6.2	6.1	5.3	5.7
Durable goods	499	530	514	490	480	498	6.0	6.2	6.0	5.8	5.6	5.8
Nondurable goods	307	380	332	346	242	281	6.1	7.2	6.4	6.6	4.7	5.4
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,913	1,778	1,576	1,620	1,647	1,638	6.4	5.8	5.2	5.3	5.4	5.4
Wholesale trade	318	278	342	243	285	261	5.3	4.5	5.5	4.0	4.6	4.2
Retail trade	1,036	946	792	855	850	887	6.2	5.6	4.8	5.1	5.1	5.3
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	559	554	442	521	512	490	7.6	7.3	5.9	6.9	6.8	6.5
Information	193	222	201	218	221	211	6.2	6.8	6.2	6.7	6.8	6.4
Financial activities	492	641	557	472	604	514	5.3	6.7	5.8	5.0	6.3	5.4
Finance and insurance	372	474	363	282	419	344	5.4	6.7	5.2	4.1	6.0	4.9
Real estate and rental and leasing	119	167	194	190	185	170	4.9	6.6	7.6	7.4	7.3	6.7
Professional and business services	1,904	1,991	1,812	1,940	1,814	2,026	8.1	8.2	7.5	8.0	7.5	8.3
Education and health services	2,125	2,165	2,168	2,277	2,159	2,090	8.2	8.1	8.1	8.5	8.0	7.8
Educational services	205	207	187	194	159	153	5.3	5.1	4.6	4.8	4.0	3.8
Health care and social assistance	1,920	1,958	1,981	2,083	1,999	1,937	8.7	8.7	8.7	9.1	8.7	8.5
Leisure and hospitality	1,666	1,516	1,397	1,578	1,637	1,519	10.0	8.8	8.1	9.1	9.3	8.7
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	196	203	193	213	209	180	8.3	8.1	7.7	8.4	8.2	7.2
Accommodation and food services	1,470	1,313	1,204	1,365	1,428	1,339	10.3	8.9	8.2	9.2	9.5	8.9
Other services	435	454	274	234	289	295	7.2	7.4	4.6	3.9	4.8	4.9
Government	987	1,104	1,040	1,060	984	957	4.3	4.7	4.5	4.5	4.2	4.1
Federal	151	158	139	181	120	76	5.0	5.2	4.6	5.9	4.0	2.6
State and local	836	946	900	880	864	881	4.2	4.7	4.4	4.3	4.2	4.3
State and local education	329	335	331	307	327	336	3.1	3.1	3.1	2.9	3.1	3.1
State and local, excluding education	507	611	569	573	537	545	5.3	6.3	5.9	5.9	5.6	5.6
REGION(3)
Northeast	1,880	1,776	1,634	1,670	1,661	1,560	6.6	6.1	5.7	5.8	5.7	5.4
South	4,137	4,322	4,092	4,227	4,150	4,142	7.0	7.1	6.7	6.9	6.8	6.8
Midwest	2,410	2,487	2,175	2,342	2,177	2,278	7.0	7.0	6.2	6.6	6.1	6.4
West	2,495	2,584	2,379	2,448	2,524	2,478	6.7	6.8	6.3	6.4	6.6	6.5
Footnotes (1) Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. (2) The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 2. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Nov. 2021	July 2022	Aug. 2022	Sept. 2022	Oct. 2022	Nov. 2022(p)	Nov. 2021	July 2022	Aug. 2022	Sept. 2022	Oct. 2022	Nov. 2022(p)
Total	6,705	6,238	6,334	6,096	6,111	6,055	4.5	4.1	4.1	4.0	4.0	3.9
INDUSTRY
Total private	6,305	5,846	5,919	5,716	5,719	5,645	5.0	4.5	4.5	4.4	4.4	4.3
Mining and logging	19	25	20	22	21	20	3.3	4.0	3.3	3.5	3.3	3.2
Construction	428	384	349	359	337	309	5.7	5.0	4.5	4.7	4.4	4.0
Manufacturing	465	428	461	401	434	402	3.7	3.3	3.6	3.1	3.4	3.1
Durable goods	256	240	267	219	230	212	3.3	3.0	3.3	2.7	2.9	2.6
Nondurable goods	209	188	194	183	204	191	4.4	3.9	4.0	3.7	4.2	3.9
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,406	1,277	1,303	1,236	1,252	1,259	5.0	4.4	4.5	4.3	4.4	4.4
Wholesale trade	194	165	164	158	159	178	3.4	2.8	2.8	2.7	2.7	3.0
Retail trade	905	782	794	756	748	724	5.8	4.9	5.0	4.8	4.7	4.6
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	307	330	345	322	345	357	4.5	4.7	4.9	4.6	4.9	5.1
Information	114	101	106	102	100	120	3.9	3.3	3.5	3.4	3.3	3.9
Financial activities	233	223	233	234	210	234	2.6	2.5	2.6	2.6	2.3	2.6
Finance and insurance	153	148	158	148	136	147	2.3	2.2	2.4	2.2	2.1	2.2
Real estate and rental and leasing	81	76	75	86	74	87	3.5	3.2	3.2	3.6	3.1	3.6
Professional and business services	1,295	1,258	1,192	1,137	1,159	1,102	6.0	5.6	5.3	5.1	5.2	4.9
Education and health services	867	862	878	840	801	869	3.6	3.5	3.6	3.4	3.2	3.5
Educational services	109	103	105	96	97	91	3.0	2.7	2.7	2.5	2.5	2.4
Health care and social assistance	758	760	773	745	704	778	3.8	3.7	3.7	3.6	3.4	3.7
Leisure and hospitality	1,216	1,071	1,132	1,140	1,178	1,121	8.2	6.8	7.2	7.2	7.4	7.0
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	162	160	156	158	151	166	7.5	6.9	6.8	6.8	6.5	7.1
Accommodation and food services	1,054	911	976	982	1,027	955	8.3	6.8	7.3	7.3	7.6	7.0
Other services	262	217	244	244	227	209	4.7	3.8	4.3	4.3	4.0	3.6
Government	400	392	415	380	391	410	1.8	1.8	1.9	1.7	1.7	1.8
Federal	45	45	38	43	43	39	1.6	1.6	1.3	1.5	1.5	1.4
State and local	355	348	377	337	348	371	1.8	1.8	1.9	1.7	1.8	1.9
State and local education	197	169	185	156	177	182	1.9	1.6	1.8	1.5	1.7	1.7
State and local, excluding education	158	179	191	181	171	189	1.8	2.0	2.1	2.0	1.9	2.1
REGION(3)
Northeast	1,001	906	898	893	859	866	3.8	3.3	3.3	3.3	3.1	3.2
South	2,814	2,612	2,618	2,547	2,536	2,536	5.1	4.6	4.6	4.5	4.4	4.4
Midwest	1,380	1,328	1,397	1,268	1,286	1,299	4.3	4.0	4.2	3.8	3.9	3.9
West	1,510	1,393	1,422	1,388	1,430	1,354	4.4	3.9	4.0	3.9	4.0	3.8
Footnotes (1) Hires are the number of hires during the entire month. (2) The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 3. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Nov. 2021	July 2022	Aug. 2022	Sept. 2022	Oct. 2022	Nov. 2022(p)	Nov. 2021	July 2022	Aug. 2022	Sept. 2022	Oct. 2022	Nov. 2022(p)
Total	6,197	5,794	6,058	5,665	5,756	5,870	4.2	3.8	4.0	3.7	3.8	3.8
INDUSTRY
Total private	5,810	5,450	5,692	5,270	5,385	5,503	4.6	4.2	4.4	4.0	4.1	4.2
Mining and logging	15	19	21	20	18	19	2.6	3.0	3.3	3.1	2.9	3.0
Construction	374	355	338	343	318	286	5.0	4.6	4.4	4.4	4.1	3.7
Manufacturing	418	414	417	374	388	393	3.3	3.2	3.2	2.9	3.0	3.0
Durable goods	243	226	231	203	200	207	3.1	2.8	2.9	2.5	2.5	2.6
Nondurable goods	175	188	186	170	187	186	3.7	3.9	3.8	3.5	3.8	3.8
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,338	1,199	1,319	1,212	1,221	1,287	4.8	4.2	4.6	4.2	4.2	4.5
Wholesale trade	167	153	152	136	147	165	2.9	2.6	2.6	2.3	2.5	2.8
Retail trade	899	743	803	752	769	741	5.8	4.7	5.1	4.8	4.9	4.7
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	272	303	364	324	305	381	4.0	4.3	5.1	4.6	4.3	5.4
Information	93	90	99	93	78	97	3.2	3.0	3.3	3.0	2.6	3.2
Financial activities	201	206	238	225	208	233	2.3	2.3	2.7	2.5	2.3	2.6
Finance and insurance	140	136	159	145	134	158	2.1	2.1	2.4	2.2	2.0	2.4
Real estate and rental and leasing	61	70	79	80	74	75	2.7	3.0	3.3	3.4	3.1	3.1
Professional and business services	1,227	1,220	1,115	1,043	1,108	1,128	5.6	5.5	5.0	4.6	4.9	5.0
Education and health services	857	737	777	737	733	821	3.6	3.0	3.2	3.0	3.0	3.3
Educational services	90	80	80	87	90	79	2.4	2.1	2.1	2.3	2.3	2.1
Health care and social assistance	767	657	696	650	643	742	3.8	3.2	3.4	3.1	3.1	3.5
Leisure and hospitality	1,072	1,006	1,144	1,032	1,086	1,063	7.2	6.4	7.3	6.5	6.8	6.6
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	132	159	159	145	143	150	6.1	6.9	6.9	6.2	6.1	6.4
Accommodation and food services	939	847	986	887	943	913	7.4	6.3	7.3	6.6	6.9	6.7
Other services	215	204	224	193	228	177	3.9	3.6	3.9	3.4	4.0	3.1
Government	387	344	365	395	371	367	1.7	1.5	1.6	1.8	1.7	1.6
Federal	41	40	40	43	40	41	1.4	1.4	1.4	1.5	1.4	1.4
State and local	345	304	325	352	331	326	1.8	1.6	1.7	1.8	1.7	1.7
State and local education	172	150	159	169	167	159	1.7	1.5	1.5	1.6	1.6	1.5
State and local, excluding education	173	153	166	183	164	167	1.9	1.7	1.8	2.0	1.8	1.8
REGION(3)
Northeast	922	870	879	789	781	765	3.5	3.2	3.2	2.9	2.9	2.8
South	2,550	2,447	2,645	2,346	2,454	2,442	4.6	4.3	4.7	4.1	4.3	4.3
Midwest	1,344	1,208	1,168	1,270	1,233	1,216	4.2	3.7	3.5	3.8	3.7	3.7
West	1,381	1,268	1,366	1,259	1,288	1,446	4.0	3.6	3.8	3.5	3.6	4.0
Footnotes (1) Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month. (2) The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 4. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Nov. 2021	July 2022	Aug. 2022	Sept. 2022	Oct. 2022	Nov. 2022(p)	Nov. 2021	July 2022	Aug. 2022	Sept. 2022	Oct. 2022	Nov. 2022(p)
Total	4,510	4,058	4,184	4,060	4,047	4,173	3.0	2.7	2.7	2.7	2.6	2.7
INDUSTRY
Total private	4,266	3,850	3,965	3,819	3,817	3,951	3.4	3.0	3.0	2.9	2.9	3.0
Mining and logging	10	13	14	14	13	12	1.7	2.1	2.2	2.1	2.1	1.8
Construction	215	210	208	158	158	138	2.9	2.7	2.7	2.0	2.0	1.8
Manufacturing	307	287	286	250	271	269	2.4	2.2	2.2	1.9	2.1	2.1
Durable goods	185	161	159	135	141	140	2.4	2.0	2.0	1.7	1.8	1.7
Nondurable goods	122	127	127	115	130	128	2.6	2.6	2.6	2.4	2.7	2.6
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,024	869	940	908	918	1,000	3.6	3.0	3.3	3.2	3.2	3.5
Wholesale trade	128	90	96	101	98	110	2.2	1.5	1.6	1.7	1.7	1.9
Retail trade	710	578	591	588	617	614	4.6	3.7	3.7	3.7	3.9	3.9
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	186	200	254	219	203	276	2.7	2.8	3.6	3.1	2.9	3.9
Information	51	44	56	57	27	46	1.8	1.5	1.8	1.9	0.9	1.5
Financial activities	132	156	149	156	142	142	1.5	1.7	1.7	1.7	1.6	1.6
Finance and insurance	85	109	96	95	92	91	1.3	1.6	1.5	1.4	1.4	1.4
Real estate and rental and leasing	48	47	53	60	49	51	2.1	2.0	2.2	2.5	2.1	2.2
Professional and business services	834	776	671	707	709	722	3.8	3.5	3.0	3.1	3.2	3.2
Education and health services	689	534	580	558	573	648	2.9	2.2	2.4	2.3	2.3	2.6
Educational services	63	52	53	53	55	49	1.7	1.3	1.4	1.4	1.4	1.3
Health care and social assistance	626	482	527	505	518	600	3.1	2.3	2.5	2.4	2.5	2.9
Leisure and hospitality	881	833	912	856	855	861	5.9	5.3	5.8	5.4	5.4	5.4
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	68	83	75	80	70	79	3.1	3.6	3.3	3.4	3.0	3.4
Accommodation and food services	813	750	837	776	784	782	6.4	5.6	6.2	5.7	5.8	5.7
Other services	123	127	150	155	151	113	2.2	2.2	2.6	2.7	2.6	2.0
Government	244	208	219	241	230	222	1.1	0.9	1.0	1.1	1.0	1.0
Federal	23	21	22	21	19	20	0.8	0.7	0.8	0.7	0.7	0.7
State and local	221	187	196	220	211	202	1.2	1.0	1.0	1.1	1.1	1.0
State and local education	102	97	99	107	106	101	1.0	0.9	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0
State and local, excluding education	119	90	97	113	105	101	1.3	1.0	1.1	1.2	1.2	1.1
REGION(3)
Northeast	608	581	588	539	512	499	2.3	2.1	2.2	2.0	1.9	1.8
South	1,883	1,746	1,890	1,734	1,815	1,789	3.4	3.1	3.3	3.0	3.2	3.1
Midwest	1,008	831	800	899	838	881	3.1	2.5	2.4	2.7	2.5	2.6
West	1,010	900	907	888	883	1,004	2.9	2.5	2.6	2.5	2.5	2.8
Footnotes (1) Quits are the number of quits during the entire month. (2) The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Nov. 2021	July 2022	Aug. 2022	Sept. 2022	Oct. 2022	Nov. 2022(p)	Nov. 2021	July 2022	Aug. 2022	Sept. 2022	Oct. 2022	Nov. 2022(p)
Total	1,295	1,390	1,490	1,329	1,445	1,350	0.9	0.9	1.0	0.9	0.9	0.9
INDUSTRY
Total private	1,228	1,317	1,405	1,247	1,372	1,280	1.0	1.0	1.1	1.0	1.0	1.0
Mining and logging	4	5	5	5	5	6	0.7	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.7	1.0
Construction	150	134	120	173	151	129	2.0	1.7	1.6	2.2	2.0	1.7
Manufacturing	81	97	97	92	97	100	0.6	0.8	0.8	0.7	0.7	0.8
Durable goods	40	46	51	46	47	52	0.5	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.6
Nondurable goods	41	51	46	46	50	48	0.9	1.0	1.0	0.9	1.0	1.0
Trade, transportation, and utilities	251	268	301	253	260	243	0.9	0.9	1.0	0.9	0.9	0.8
Wholesale trade	36	48	42	24	39	44	0.6	0.8	0.7	0.4	0.7	0.8
Retail trade	141	139	174	149	131	105	0.9	0.9	1.1	0.9	0.8	0.7
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	74	81	85	80	90	93	1.1	1.1	1.2	1.1	1.3	1.3
Information	31	34	38	31	45	40	1.1	1.1	1.3	1.0	1.5	1.3
Financial activities	28	30	58	52	59	78	0.3	0.3	0.6	0.6	0.7	0.9
Finance and insurance	16	12	35	37	38	57	0.2	0.2	0.5	0.6	0.6	0.9
Real estate and rental and leasing	13	18	23	16	21	21	0.6	0.8	1.0	0.7	0.9	0.9
Professional and business services	308	364	370	293	347	305	1.4	1.6	1.6	1.3	1.5	1.4
Education and health services	126	158	148	161	135	144	0.5	0.6	0.6	0.7	0.5	0.6
Educational services	22	23	23	30	28	22	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.8	0.7	0.6
Health care and social assistance	105	135	124	131	107	122	0.5	0.7	0.6	0.6	0.5	0.6
Leisure and hospitality	167	162	205	157	205	174	1.1	1.0	1.3	1.0	1.3	1.1
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	62	75	81	63	71	68	2.9	3.2	3.5	2.7	3.1	2.9
Accommodation and food services	106	87	124	94	133	106	0.8	0.6	0.9	0.7	1.0	0.8
Other services	81	66	64	30	68	60	1.5	1.2	1.1	0.5	1.2	1.0
Government	67	73	85	82	73	70	0.3	0.3	0.4	0.4	0.3	0.3
Federal	5	6	7	9	7	7	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.2
State and local	61	68	78	73	66	63	0.3	0.3	0.4	0.4	0.3	0.3
State and local education	38	30	35	36	33	27	0.4	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3
State and local, excluding education	24	37	43	38	33	36	0.3	0.4	0.5	0.4	0.4	0.4
REGION(3)
Northeast	240	234	222	209	236	214	0.9	0.9	0.8	0.8	0.9	0.8
South	525	574	598	499	552	532	0.9	1.0	1.1	0.9	1.0	0.9
Midwest	244	323	301	318	326	270	0.8	1.0	0.9	1.0	1.0	0.8
West	286	259	369	303	331	335	0.8	0.7	1.0	0.9	0.9	0.9
Footnotes (1) Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month. (2) The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 6. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Nov. 2021	July 2022	Aug. 2022	Sept. 2022	Oct. 2022	Nov. 2022(p)	Nov. 2021	July 2022	Aug. 2022	Sept. 2022	Oct. 2022	Nov. 2022(p)
Total	393	346	383	276	264	347	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2
INDUSTRY
Total private	317	283	322	204	197	272	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mining and logging	1	1	2	1	1	1	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.2
Construction	9	11	11	12	8	19	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.2
Manufacturing	31	30	34	31	20	24	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2
Durable goods	19	19	21	22	12	15	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.2
Nondurable goods	12	11	13	9	8	9	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	64	62	78	51	42	44	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.1	0.2
Wholesale trade	3	15	14	11	9	11	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
Retail trade	48	25	38	15	21	21	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.1
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	12	22	26	25	12	12	0.2	0.3	0.4	0.4	0.2	0.2
Information	11	12	5	5	6	10	0.4	0.4	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.3
Financial activities	41	20	31	17	7	13	0.5	0.2	0.4	0.2	0.1	0.1
Finance and insurance	40	15	28	13	4	11	0.6	0.2	0.4	0.2	0.1	0.2
Real estate and rental and leasing	1	5	3	4	3	3	0.0	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.1
Professional and business services	85	81	75	42	52	101	0.4	0.4	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.4
Education and health services	42	45	49	19	25	29	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.1
Educational services	5	5	4	4	7	9	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.2
Health care and social assistance	37	40	45	14	18	20	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.1
Leisure and hospitality	23	11	28	18	26	27	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.2
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	3	1	3	2	1	3	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.0	0.1
Accommodation and food services	21	10	25	17	25	25	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.2
Other services	11	11	10	9	9	4	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.1
Government	76	62	61	72	67	75	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3
Federal	13	13	11	13	14	14	0.5	0.5	0.4	0.5	0.5	0.5
State and local	63	50	50	59	53	61	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3
State and local education	32	23	25	26	28	31	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.3
State and local, excluding education	30	26	26	33	25	30	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.4	0.3	0.3
REGION(3)
Northeast	74	55	69	41	33	53	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.1	0.2
South	142	127	157	113	88	121	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2
Midwest	92	54	67	53	70	65	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
West	85	110	89	69	73	108	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.3
Footnotes (1) Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month. (2) The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.

Table 7. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Nov. 2021	Oct. 2022	Nov. 2022(p)	Nov. 2021	Oct. 2022	Nov. 2022(p)
Total	10,300	10,958	9,756	6.4	6.6	5.9
INDUSTRY
Total private	9,353	10,009	8,846	6.8	7.1	6.3
Mining and logging	35	47	40	5.6	6.8	5.8
Construction	323	401	344	4.1	4.8	4.2
Manufacturing	805	729	769	6.0	5.3	5.6
Durable goods	499	480	489	6.0	5.6	5.7
Nondurable goods	307	249	281	6.1	4.8	5.4
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,799	1,843	1,507	5.9	6.0	4.9
Wholesale trade	288	303	233	4.8	4.9	3.8
Retail trade	957	1,008	796	5.7	6.0	4.7
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	554	533	478	7.3	7.0	6.2
Information	182	229	198	5.9	7.0	6.1
Financial activities	481	644	483	5.1	6.7	5.1
Finance and insurance	366	453	326	5.3	6.4	4.7
Real estate and rental and leasing	115	191	157	4.7	7.4	6.2
Professional and business services	1,762	1,886	1,895	7.4	7.7	7.7
Education and health services	2,037	2,271	1,972	7.8	8.3	7.3
Educational services	201	163	144	4.9	3.9	3.4
Health care and social assistance	1,835	2,108	1,828	8.3	9.1	8.0
Leisure and hospitality	1,510	1,656	1,369	9.3	9.4	8.0
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	159	212	142	7.1	8.4	6.0
Accommodation and food services	1,352	1,443	1,226	9.6	9.6	8.3
Other services	418	304	268	7.0	5.0	4.4
Government	947	949	910	4.0	4.0	3.8
Federal	152	112	76	5.0	3.8	2.6
State and local	795	837	834	3.9	4.0	4.0
State and local education	300	308	302	2.7	2.8	2.7
State and local, excluding education	495	528	532	5.2	5.5	5.5
REGION(3)
Northeast	1,814	1,738	1,472	6.4	6.0	5.1
South	3,877	4,263	3,847	6.5	6.9	6.2
Midwest	2,308	2,304	2,169	6.6	6.4	6.1
West	2,300	2,653	2,269	6.2	6.9	5.9
Footnotes (1) Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. (2) The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 8. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Nov. 2021	Oct. 2022	Nov. 2022(p)	Nov. 2021	Oct. 2022	Nov. 2022(p)
Total	6,247	6,516	5,617	4.2	4.2	3.6
INDUSTRY
Total private	5,928	6,145	5,289	4.6	4.7	4.0
Mining and logging	17	21	16	2.8	3.3	2.6
Construction	336	350	234	4.4	4.4	3.0
Manufacturing	405	438	339	3.2	3.4	2.6
Durable goods	227	230	181	2.9	2.9	2.2
Nondurable goods	178	207	159	3.7	4.2	3.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,714	1,534	1,592	6.0	5.3	5.4
Wholesale trade	157	170	147	2.7	2.9	2.5
Retail trade	1,062	864	835	6.7	5.5	5.2
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	495	500	610	7.0	7.0	8.4
Information	104	119	116	3.6	3.9	3.8
Financial activities	209	228	210	2.4	2.5	2.3
Finance and insurance	141	147	134	2.2	2.2	2.0
Real estate and rental and leasing	68	80	76	2.9	3.4	3.2
Professional and business services	1,216	1,222	1,005	5.5	5.4	4.4
Education and health services	734	871	734	3.0	3.5	2.9
Educational services	85	100	61	2.2	2.5	1.5
Health care and social assistance	648	771	673	3.2	3.7	3.2
Leisure and hospitality	984	1,136	883	6.7	7.1	5.6
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	111	123	111	5.4	5.3	5.0
Accommodation and food services	873	1,013	772	6.9	7.4	5.7
Other services	209	227	160	3.8	3.9	2.8
Government	318	371	327	1.4	1.6	1.4
Federal	59	48	50	2.0	1.7	1.7
State and local	259	323	278	1.3	1.6	1.4
State and local education	133	172	125	1.2	1.6	1.1
State and local, excluding education	127	151	153	1.4	1.7	1.7
REGION(3)
Northeast	891	891	759	3.3	3.2	2.8
South	2,595	2,722	2,330	4.6	4.7	4.0
Midwest	1,326	1,321	1,244	4.1	4.0	3.7
West	1,435	1,583	1,284	4.1	4.4	3.6
Footnotes (1) Hires are the number of hires during the entire month. (2) The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 9. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Nov. 2021	Oct. 2022	Nov. 2022(p)	Nov. 2021	Oct. 2022	Nov. 2022(p)
Total	5,502	5,804	5,185	3.7	3.8	3.3
INDUSTRY
Total private	5,222	5,478	4,923	4.1	4.2	3.7
Mining and logging	13	20	16	2.2	3.1	2.5
Construction	390	356	285	5.1	4.5	3.6
Manufacturing	342	385	318	2.7	3.0	2.5
Durable goods	187	194	157	2.4	2.4	2.0
Nondurable goods	155	191	161	3.3	3.9	3.3
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,246	1,239	1,218	4.3	4.3	4.2
Wholesale trade	151	156	154	2.6	2.6	2.6
Retail trade	837	766	695	5.3	4.8	4.3
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	258	318	368	3.7	4.5	5.1
Information	80	80	85	2.7	2.6	2.8
Financial activities	172	194	202	1.9	2.2	2.2
Finance and insurance	120	114	133	1.8	1.7	2.0
Real estate and rental and leasing	52	80	69	2.2	3.3	2.9
Professional and business services	1,143	1,077	1,025	5.2	4.7	4.5
Education and health services	678	711	671	2.8	2.8	2.7
Educational services	57	70	48	1.5	1.7	1.2
Health care and social assistance	621	641	623	3.1	3.1	3.0
Leisure and hospitality	957	1,202	948	6.5	7.6	6.0
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	154	210	174	7.5	9.1	7.8
Accommodation and food services	803	992	774	6.3	7.3	5.7
Other services	200	214	155	3.6	3.7	2.7
Government	280	326	263	1.2	1.4	1.1
Federal	38	40	35	1.3	1.4	1.2
State and local	242	285	228	1.2	1.4	1.1
State and local education	95	124	87	0.9	1.2	0.8
State and local, excluding education	147	161	140	1.6	1.8	1.5
REGION(3)
Northeast	865	811	702	3.2	3.0	2.6
South	2,256	2,434	2,129	4.0	4.2	3.7
Midwest	1,212	1,277	1,106	3.7	3.8	3.3
West	1,169	1,283	1,248	3.3	3.6	3.5
Footnotes (1) Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month. (2) The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 10. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Nov. 2021	Oct. 2022	Nov. 2022(p)	Nov. 2021	Oct. 2022	Nov. 2022(p)
Total	3,881	4,085	3,568	2.6	2.6	2.3
INDUSTRY
Total private	3,692	3,885	3,404	2.9	2.9	2.6
Mining and logging	8	15	9	1.4	2.3	1.4
Construction	193	169	102	2.5	2.1	1.3
Manufacturing	238	269	205	1.9	2.1	1.6
Durable goods	136	134	101	1.7	1.7	1.3
Nondurable goods	102	135	104	2.2	2.7	2.1
Trade, transportation, and utilities	945	950	936	3.3	3.3	3.2
Wholesale trade	114	103	97	2.0	1.7	1.6
Retail trade	649	635	573	4.1	4.0	3.6
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	182	212	265	2.6	3.0	3.7
Information	46	29	38	1.6	0.9	1.2
Financial activities	120	138	127	1.3	1.5	1.4
Finance and insurance	75	82	76	1.1	1.2	1.1
Real estate and rental and leasing	45	56	51	1.9	2.4	2.1
Professional and business services	755	721	640	3.4	3.2	2.8
Education and health services	544	583	536	2.3	2.3	2.1
Educational services	42	47	31	1.1	1.2	0.8
Health care and social assistance	502	536	505	2.5	2.6	2.4
Leisure and hospitality	744	863	727	5.0	5.4	4.6
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	55	70	65	2.6	3.0	2.9
Accommodation and food services	690	793	662	5.4	5.8	4.9
Other services	100	149	84	1.8	2.6	1.5
Government	189	200	164	0.8	0.9	0.7
Federal	22	18	17	0.8	0.6	0.6
State and local	167	183	147	0.8	0.9	0.7
State and local education	66	84	64	0.6	0.8	0.6
State and local, excluding education	101	98	83	1.1	1.1	0.9
REGION(3)
Northeast	540	518	420	2.0	1.9	1.5
South	1,656	1,828	1,540	3.0	3.2	2.7
Midwest	844	863	761	2.6	2.6	2.3
West	842	877	847	2.4	2.4	2.3
Footnotes (1) Quits are the number of quits during the entire month. (2) The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 11. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Nov. 2021	Oct. 2022	Nov. 2022(p)	Nov. 2021	Oct. 2022	Nov. 2022(p)
Total	1,298	1,480	1,327	0.9	1.0	0.9
INDUSTRY
Total private	1,252	1,410	1,277	1.0	1.1	1.0
Mining and logging	4	5	6	0.6	0.8	1.0
Construction	190	180	164	2.5	2.3	2.1
Manufacturing	79	99	94	0.6	0.8	0.7
Durable goods	36	49	45	0.5	0.6	0.6
Nondurable goods	43	50	48	0.9	1.0	1.0
Trade, transportation, and utilities	241	251	241	0.8	0.9	0.8
Wholesale trade	34	43	46	0.6	0.7	0.8
Retail trade	144	115	103	0.9	0.7	0.6
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	63	93	91	0.9	1.3	1.3
Information	26	47	38	0.9	1.5	1.2
Financial activities	18	50	64	0.2	0.6	0.7
Finance and insurance	11	29	50	0.2	0.4	0.7
Real estate and rental and leasing	7	21	15	0.3	0.9	0.6
Professional and business services	312	306	292	1.4	1.3	1.3
Education and health services	102	109	117	0.4	0.4	0.5
Educational services	13	18	13	0.3	0.4	0.3
Health care and social assistance	90	91	104	0.4	0.4	0.5
Leisure and hospitality	189	310	192	1.3	1.9	1.2
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	96	139	105	4.6	6.0	4.7
Accommodation and food services	94	171	87	0.7	1.3	0.6
Other services	91	54	69	1.6	0.9	1.2
Government	46	70	51	0.2	0.3	0.2
Federal	6	8	7	0.2	0.3	0.2
State and local	40	62	44	0.2	0.3	0.2
State and local education	17	21	11	0.2	0.2	0.1
State and local, excluding education	23	41	33	0.3	0.5	0.4
REGION(3)
Northeast	272	266	241	1.0	1.0	0.9
South	471	526	481	0.8	0.9	0.8
Midwest	295	349	295	0.9	1.0	0.9
West	260	340	310	0.7	0.9	0.9
Footnotes (1) Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month. (2) The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 12. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Nov. 2021	Oct. 2022	Nov. 2022(p)	Nov. 2021	Oct. 2022	Nov. 2022(p)
Total	323	239	290	0.2	0.2	0.2
INDUSTRY
Total private	277	184	242	0.2	0.1	0.2
Mining and logging	1	0	1	0.2	0.1	0.1
Construction	8	8	18	0.1	0.1	0.2
Manufacturing	25	17	19	0.2	0.1	0.1
Durable goods	15	11	11	0.2	0.1	0.1
Nondurable goods	10	6	9	0.2	0.1	0.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	61	39	41	0.2	0.1	0.1
Wholesale trade	3	10	11	0.1	0.2	0.2
Retail trade	44	16	19	0.3	0.1	0.1
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	13	12	11	0.2	0.2	0.2
Information	9	5	9	0.3	0.1	0.3
Financial activities	34	6	11	0.4	0.1	0.1
Finance and insurance	34	4	8	0.5	0.1	0.1
Real estate and rental and leasing	0	2	3	0.0	0.1	0.1
Professional and business services	76	50	93	0.3	0.2	0.4
Education and health services	32	18	19	0.1	0.1	0.1
Educational services	2	5	4	0.1	0.1	0.1
Health care and social assistance	29	13	14	0.1	0.1	0.1
Leisure and hospitality	23	29	29	0.2	0.2	0.2
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	4	1	4	0.2	0.0	0.2
Accommodation and food services	20	28	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other services	10	11	3	0.2	0.2	0.0
Government	45	55	48	0.2	0.2	0.2
Federal	10	15	11	0.3	0.5	0.4
State and local	35	40	37	0.2	0.2	0.2
State and local education	12	19	13	0.1	0.2	0.1
State and local, excluding education	24	22	24	0.3	0.2	0.3
REGION(3)
Northeast	54	28	40	0.2	0.1	0.1
South	129	80	107	0.2	0.1	0.2
Midwest	73	65	51	0.2	0.2	0.2
West	67	66	91	0.2	0.2	0.3
Footnotes (1) Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month. (2) The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.