For release 10:00 a.m. (EST) Tuesday, January 12, 2010 USDL-10-0008
Technical information: (202) 691-5870 • JoltsInfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/jlt
Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov
Job Openings and Labor Turnover – November 2009
There were 2.4 million job openings on the last business day of
November 2009, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. The
job openings rate was little changed over the month at 1.8 percent.
The openings rate has held relatively steady since March 2009. The
hires rate (3.2 percent) and the separations rate (3.3 percent) were
essentially unchanged in November. This release includes estimates of
the number and rate of job openings, hires, and separations for the
total nonfarm sector by industry and geographic region.
Job Openings
The job openings rate was little changed in November at 1.8 percent.
After falling steeply from mid-2007 through February 2009, the job
openings rate has been steady at 1.8 percent or 1.9 percent since
March 2009. The number of job openings fell by 2.3 million from the
most recent peak in June 2007 to April 2009 but has declined by only
98,000 since. The job openings rate was essentially unchanged in all
industries and all four regions in November. (See table 1.)
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Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally
adjusted
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Job openings | Hires | Total separations
|--------------------------------------------------------------
Industry | Nov. | Oct. | Nov. | Nov. | Oct. | Nov. | Nov. | Oct. | Nov.
| 2008 | 2009 | 2009p| 2008 | 2009 | 2009p| 2008 | 2009 | 2009p
-------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------
| Levels (in thousands)
|--------------------------------------------------------------
Total..............|3,311 |2,571 |2,415 |4,226 |4,045 |4,176 |4,863 |4,223 |4,340
| | | | | | | | |
Total private(1)..|2,928 |2,206 |2,076 |3,928 |3,730 |3,895 |4,571 |3,944 |4,059
Construction.....| 76 | 69 | 77 | 340 | 332 | 326 | 472 | 384 | 365
Manufacturing....| 203 | 139 | 145 | 257 | 245 | 243 | 384 | 300 | 300
Trade, trans- | | | | | | | | |
portation, and | | | | | | | | |
utilities(2)....| 624 | 373 | 324 | 852 | 768 | 831 |1,030 | 840 | 864
Retail trade....| 410 | 247 | 208 | 576 | 523 | 534 | 680 | 568 | 548
Professional | | | | | | | | |
and business | | | | | | | | |
services........| 505 | 480 | 436 | 783 | 735 | 839 | 909 | 725 | 800
Education and | | | | | | | | |
health ser- | | | | | | | | |
vices...........| 697 | 524 | 546 | 528 | 522 | 524 | 466 | 470 | 489
Leisure and | | | | | | | | |
hospitality.....| 302 | 258 | 238 | 706 | 677 | 734 | 773 | 723 | 771
Arts, enter- | | | | | | | | |
tainment and | | | | | | | | |
recreation.....| 35 | 17 | 24 | 92 | 112 | 120 | 98 | 129 | 118
Accommodation | | | | | | | | |
and food | | | | | | | | |
services.......| 284 | 242 | 216 | 620 | 566 | 613 | 673 | 590 | 646
Government(3).....| 378 | 376 | 339 | 281 | 304 | 283 | 282 | 275 | 279
State and local | | | | | | | | |
government......| 337 | 286 | 251 | 251 | 263 | 250 | 258 | 242 | 244
|--------------------------------------------------------------
| Rates (percent)
|--------------------------------------------------------------
Total..............| 2.4 | 1.9 | 1.8 | 3.1 | 3.1 | 3.2 | 3.6 | 3.2 | 3.3
| | | | | | | | |
Total private(1)..| 2.5 | 2.0 | 1.9 | 3.5 | 3.4 | 3.6 | 4.0 | 3.6 | 3.7
Construction.....| 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.3 | 4.9 | 5.6 | 5.5 | 6.8 | 6.4 | 6.1
Manufacturing....| 1.5 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 2.0 | 2.1 | 2.1 | 2.9 | 2.6 | 2.6
Trade, trans- | | | | | | | | |
portation, and | | | | | | | | |
utilities(2)....| 2.3 | 1.5 | 1.3 | 3.3 | 3.1 | 3.3 | 4.0 | 3.4 | 3.5
Retail trade....| 2.6 | 1.7 | 1.4 | 3.8 | 3.6 | 3.7 | 4.5 | 3.9 | 3.7
Professional | | | | | | | | |
and business | | | | | | | | |
services........| 2.8 | 2.8 | 2.5 | 4.5 | 4.4 | 5.0 | 5.2 | 4.3 | 4.8
Education and | | | | | | | | |
health ser- | | | | | | | | |
vices...........| 3.5 | 2.6 | 2.7 | 2.8 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 2.5
Leisure and | | | | | | | | |
hospitality.....| 2.2 | 1.9 | 1.8 | 5.3 | 5.2 | 5.6 | 5.8 | 5.5 | 5.9
Arts, enter- | | | | | | | | |
tainment and | | | | | | | | |
recreation.....| 1.8 | 0.9 | 1.2 | 4.7 | 5.9 | 6.3 | 5.0 | 6.8 | 6.2
Accommodation | | | | | | | | |
and food | | | | | | | | |
services.......| 2.4 | 2.1 | 1.9 | 5.4 | 5.0 | 5.5 | 5.9 | 5.3 | 5.8
Government(3).....| 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.5 | 1.2 | 1.4 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 1.2
State and local | | | | | | | | |
government......| 1.7 | 1.4 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 1.2
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and
other services, not shown separately.
2 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not
shown separately.
3 Includes federal government, not shown separately.
p = preliminary.
Over the 12 months ending in November, the job openings rate (not
seasonally adjusted) decreased for total nonfarm and total private.
Although the rate was essentially unchanged for government, it
increased in federal government and decreased in state and local
government. The job openings rate decreased in many industries:
mining and logging; retail trade; transportation, warehousing, and
utilities; real estate and rental and leasing; educational services;
health care and social assistance; and other services. The job
openings rate decreased in the South. (See table 5.)
Hires
The hires rate was essentially unchanged in November at 3.2 percent.
The rate has remained between 3.0 percent and 3.2 percent since
February 2009. The hires level fell by 1.7 million from the most
recent peak in July 2006 to June 2009 but has since increased by
257,000. The hires rate was essentially unchanged in every industry
but increased in the South in November. (See table 2.)
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Over the 12 months ending in November, the hires rate (not seasonally
adjusted) was little changed for total nonfarm and government. The
rate increased for total private. The hires rate was essentially
unchanged for all industries and all four regions over the 12 months
ending in November. (See table 6.)
Separations
The total separations, or turnover, rate was little changed in
November and remained low at 3.3 percent. The total separations rate
(not seasonally adjusted) was essentially unchanged over the 12 months
ending in November for total nonfarm, total private, and government.
Total separations includes quits (voluntary separations), layoffs and
discharges (involuntary separations), and other separations (including
retirements). (See tables 3 and 7.)
The quits rate can serve as a measure of workers’ willingness or
ability to change jobs. The quits rate was little changed for total
nonfarm and government and increased for total private in November.
The quits rate increased in construction and in the South and West
regions. After falling by 1.4 million from the most recent peak in
December 2006, the number of quits held steady from April 2009 to
October 2009. Quits increased to 2.0 million in November 2009. (See
table 4.)
Over the 12 months ending in November, the quits rate (not seasonally
adjusted) was essentially unchanged for total nonfarm, total private,
and government. The quits rate decreased in finance and insurance and
in the Midwest. (See table 8.)
The layoffs and discharges component of total separations is
seasonally adjusted at the total nonfarm, total private, and
government levels. The layoffs and discharges levels for total
nonfarm, total private, and government were little changed in November
at 2.1 million, 1.9 million, and 111,000 respectively. The
corresponding layoffs and discharges rates were 1.6 percent, 1.8
percent, and 0.5 percent. The number of layoffs and discharges at the
total nonfarm level peaked at 2.6 million in January 2009; the most
recent trough was 1.6 million in January 2006. (See table B below.)
The layoffs and discharges rate (not seasonally adjusted) was little
changed over the 12 months ending in November for total nonfarm, total
private, and government. The layoffs and discharges rate fell in
construction; the rate rose in federal government. The layoffs and
discharges rate increased in the Northeast and decreased in the
Midwest. (See table 9.)
Table B. Layoffs and discharges by industry, seasonally adjusted
--------------------------------------------------------------------
| Levels (in thousands) | Rates
|------------------------------------------------
Industry | Nov. | Oct. | Nov. | Nov. | Oct. | Nov.
| 2008 | 2009 | 2009p| 2008 | 2009 | 2009p
-------------------|------------------------------------------------
Total..............| 2,253 | 2,128 | 2,054 | 1.7 | 1.6 | 1.6
Total private.....| 2,137 | 2,010 | 1,934 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 1.8
Government....... | 101 | 109 | 111 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.5
--------------------------------------------------------------------
p = preliminary.
The other separations series is not seasonally adjusted. In November,
there were 245,000 other separations for total nonfarm, 209,000 for
total private, and 36,000 for government. Compared to November 2008,
the number of other separations was little changed for total nonfarm,
total private, and government. (See table 10.)
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The total separations level is influenced by the relative contribution
of its three components—quits, layoffs and discharges, and other
separations. The percentage of total separations at the total nonfarm
level attributable to the individual components has varied over time.
The proportion of quits had exceeded the proportion of layoffs and
discharges every month from the beginning of the series from December
2000 until November 2008 when layoffs and discharges became the larger
contributor to total separations. The proportion of separations due to
quits fell to a series low of 38 percent in April 2009 but has since
risen to 45 percent in November 2009. The proportion of separations
due to layoffs and discharges rose to a series high of 55 percent in
July 2009 but has since dropped to 47 percent in November 2009. (See
tables 3 and 4, and table B above.)
Net Change in Employment
Over the 12 months ending in November, hires totaled 49.9 million and
separations totaled 54.4 million, yielding a net employment loss of
4.5 million.
____________
The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey results for December 2009
are scheduled to be released on Tuesday, February 9, 2010 at 10:00
a.m. (EST).
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Technical Note
The data for the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS)
are collected and compiled monthly from a sample of business
establishments by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).
Collection
In a monthly survey of business establishments, data are
collected for total employment, job openings, hires, quits, layoffs
and discharges, and other separations. Data collection methods
include computer-assisted telephone interviewing, touchtone data
entry, fax, e-mail, and mail.
Coverage
The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments such
as factories, offices, and stores, as well as federal, state, and
local government entities in the 50 states and the District of
Columbia.
Concepts
Industry classification. The industry classifications in this
release are in accordance with the 2007 version of the North
American Industry Classification System (NAICS). In order to
ensure the highest possible quality of data, State Workforce
Agencies verify with employers and update, if necessary, the
industry code, location, and ownership classification of all
establishments on a 3-year cycle. Changes in establishment
characteristics resulting from the verification process are always
introduced into the JOLTS sampling frame with the data reported for
the first month of the year.
Employment. Employment includes persons on the payroll who
worked or received pay for the pay period that includes the 12th
day of the reference month. Full-time, part-time, permanent, short-
term, seasonal, salaried, and hourly employees are included, as are
employees on paid vacations or other paid leave. Proprietors or
partners of unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, or
persons on leave without pay or on strike for the entire pay
period, are not counted as employed. Employees of temporary help
agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, and
consultants are counted by their employer of record, not by the
establishment where they are working.
Job openings. Establishments submit job openings information for
the last business day of the reference month. A job opening
requires that: 1) a specific position exists and there is work
available for that position, 2) work could start within 30 days
regardless of whether a suitable candidate is found, and 3) the
employer is actively recruiting from outside the establishment to
fill the position. Included are full-time, part-time, permanent,
short-term, and seasonal openings. Active recruiting means that
the establishment is taking steps to fill a position by advertising
in newspapers or on the Internet, posting help-wanted signs,
accepting applications, or using other similar methods.
Jobs to be filled only by internal transfers, promotions,
demotions, or recall from layoffs are excluded. Also excluded are
jobs with start dates more than 30 days in the future, jobs for
which employees have been hired but have not yet reported for work,
and jobs to be filled by employees of temporary help agencies,
employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants.
The job openings rate is computed by dividing the number of job
openings by the sum of employment and job openings and multiplying
that quotient by 100.
Hires. Hires are the total number of additions to the payroll
occurring at any time during the reference month, including both
new and rehired employees, full-time and part-time, permanent,
short-term and seasonal employees, employees recalled to the
location after a layoff lasting more than 7 days, on-call or
intermittent employees who returned to work after having been
formally separated, and transfers from other locations. The hires
count does not include transfers or promotions within the reporting
site, employees returning from strike, employees of temporary help
agencies or employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or
consultants. The hires rate is computed by dividing the number of
hires by employment and multiplying that quotient by 100.
Separations. Separations are the total number of terminations of
employment occurring at any time during the reference month, and
are reported by type of separation--quits, layoffs and discharges,
and other separations. Quits are voluntary separations by
employees (except for retirements, which are reported as other
separations). Layoffs and discharges are involuntary separations
initiated by the employer and include layoffs with no intent to
rehire; formal layoffs lasting or expected to last more than 7
days; discharges resulting from mergers, downsizing, or closings;
firings or other discharges for cause; terminations of permanent or
short-term employees; and terminations of seasonal employees.
Other separations include retirements, transfers to other
locations, deaths, and separations due to disability. Separations
do not include transfers within the same location or employees on
strike.
The separations rate is computed by dividing the number of
separations by employment and multiplying that quotient by 100.
The quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations rates are
computed similarly, dividing the number by employment and
multiplying by 100.
Annual estimates. Annual estimates of rates and levels
- 6 -
of hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total
separations are released with the January news release each year.
The JOLTS annual level estimates for hires, quits, layoffs and
discharges, other separations, and total separations are the sum of
the 12 published monthly levels. The annual rate estimates are
computed by dividing the annual level by the Current Employment
Statistics (CES) annual average employment level, and multiplying
that quotient by 100. This figure will be approximately equal to
the sum of the 12 monthly rates. Note that both the JOLTS and CES
annual levels are rounded to the nearest thousand before the annual
estimates are calculated. Consistent with BLS practices, annual
estimates are published only for not seasonally adjusted data.
Annual estimates are not calculated for job openings because job
openings are a stock, or point-in-time, measurement for the last
business day of each month. Only jobs still open on the last day
of the month are counted. For the same reason job openings cannot
be cumulated throughout each month, annual figures for job openings
cannot be created by summing the monthly estimates. Hires and
separations are flow measures and are cumulated over the month with
a total reported for the month. Therefore, the annual figures can
be created by summing the monthly estimates.
Special Collection Procedures
An implied measure of employment change can be derived from the
JOLTS data by subtracting separations from hires for a given
month. Aggregating these monthly changes historically produced
employment levels that overstated employment change as measured by
CES at the total nonfarm level. Research into this problem showed
that a significant amount of the divergence between the CES
employment levels and the derived JOLTS employment levels was
traceable to the Employment Services industry and to the State
Government Education industry. In the former industry, businesses
have a difficult time reporting hires and separations of temporary
help workers. In the latter industry, employers have difficulty
reporting hires and separations of student workers. BLS now
devotes additional resources to the collection, editing, and review
of data for these industries. BLS analysts more closely examine
reported data that do not provide a consistent picture over time,
and re-contact the respondents as necessary. Analysts work with
the respondents to adjust their reporting practices as possible.
Units that cannot be reconciled but are clearly incorrect on a
consistent basis are not used, they are replaced by imputed values
using standard techniques.
Sample and estimation methodology
The JOLTS survey design is a random sample of 16,000 nonfarm
business establishments, including factories, offices, and stores,
as well as federal, state, and local governments in the 50 states
and the District of Columbia. The establishments are drawn from a
universe of over 9.1 million establishments compiled as part of the
operations of the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW)
program. This program includes all employers subject to state
Unemployment Insurance (UI) laws and federal agencies subject to
Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees (UCFE).
The sampling frame is stratified by ownership, region, industry
sector, and size class. The JOLTS sample is constructed from
individual panels of sample units drawn on an annual basis. The
full annual sample consists of one certainty panel composed of only
large units selected with virtual certainty based on their size and
24 non-certainty panels. Each month a new non-certainty panel is
rolled into collection, and the oldest non-certainty panel is
rolled out. This means that at any given time the JOLTS sample is
constructed from panels from three different annual sampling
frames. The entire sample of old plus new panels is post-
stratified and re-weighted annually to represent the most recent
sampling frame. Additionally, the out-of-business establishments
are removed from the old panels. The annual sample is supplemented
with a quarterly sample of birth establishments (i.e., new
establishments) to better reflect the impact of younger
establishments in the JOLTS sample.
JOLTS total employment estimates are benchmarked monthly to the
employment estimates of the Current Employment Statistics (CES)
survey. A ratio of CES to JOLTS employment is used to adjust the
levels for all other JOLTS data elements.
JOLTS Business Birth/Death Model
As with any sample survey, the JOLTS sample can only be as
current as its sampling frame. The time lag from the birth of an
establishment until its appearance on the sampling frame is
approximately one year. In addition, many of these new units may
fail within the first year. Since these universe units cannot be
reflected on the sampling frame immediately, the JOLTS sample
cannot capture job openings, hires, and separations from these
units during their early existence. BLS has developed a model to
estimate birth/death activity for current months by examining the
birth/death activity from previous years on the QCEW and projecting
forward to the present using an econometric technique known as X-12
ARIMA modeling. The birth/death model also uses historical JOLTS
data to estimate the amount of “churn” (hires and separations) that
exists in establishments of various sizes. The model then combines
the estimated churn with the projected employment change to
estimate the number of hires and separations taking place in these
units that cannot be measured through sampling.
- 7 -
The model-based estimate of total separations is distributed to
the three components – quits; layoffs and discharges; and other
separations - in proportion to their contribution to the sample-
based estimate of total separations. Additionally, job openings
for the modeled units are estimated by computing the ratio of
openings to hires in the collected data and applying that ratio to
the modeled hires. The estimates of job openings, hires, and
separations produced by the birth/death model are then added to the
sample-based estimates produced from the survey to arrive at the
estimates for openings, hires, and separations.
Seasonal adjustment
BLS seasonally adjusts several JOLTS series using the X-12-ARIMA
seasonal adjustment program. Seasonal adjustment is the process of
estimating and removing periodic fluctuations caused by events such
as weather, holidays, and the beginning and ending of the school
year. Seasonal adjustment makes it easier to observe fundamental
changes in the level of the series, particularly those associated
with general economic expansions and contractions. A concurrent
seasonal adjustment methodology is used in which new seasonal
adjustment factors are calculated each month, using all relevant
data, up to and including the data for the current month.
Alignment procedure
JOLTS hires minus separations should be comparable to the CES net
employment change. However, definitional differences as well as
sampling and non-sampling errors between the two surveys
historically caused JOLTS to diverge from CES over time. To limit
the divergence, and improve the quality of the JOLTS hires and
separations series, BLS implemented the Monthly Alignment Method.
The Monthly Alignment Method applies the CES employment trends to
the seasonally adjusted JOLTS implied employment trend (hires minus
separations) forcing them to be approximately the same, while
preserving the seasonality of the JOLTS data. First, the two
series are seasonally adjusted and the difference between the JOLTS
implied employment trend and the CES net employment change is
calculated. Next, the JOLTS implied employment trend is adjusted to
equal the CES net employment change through a proportional
adjustment. This proportional adjustment procedure adjusts the two
components (hires, separations) proportionally to their
contribution to the total churn (hires plus separations). For
example, if hires are 40 percent of the churn for a given month,
they will receive 40 percent of the needed adjustment and
separations will receive 60 percent of the needed adjustment. The
adjusted hires and separations are converted back to not seasonally
adjusted data by reversing the application of the original seasonal
factors. After the monthly alignment method has been used to
adjust the level estimates, rate estimates are computed from the
adjusted levels. The Monthly Alignment procedure assures a close
match of the JOLTS implied employment trend with the CES trend. The
CES series is considered a highly accurate measure of net
employment change owing to its very large sample size and annual
benchmarking to universe counts of employment from the QCEW
program.
Using JOLTS data
The JOLTS data series on job openings, hires, and separations are
relatively new. The full sample is divided into panels, with one
panel enrolled each month. A full complement of panels for the
original data series based on the 1987 Standard Industrial
Classification (SIC) system was not completely enrolled in the
survey until January 2002. The supplemental panels of
establishments needed to create NAICS estimates were not completely
enrolled until May 2003. The data collected up until those points
are from less than a full sample. Therefore, estimates from
earlier months should be used with caution, as fewer sampled units
were reporting data at that time.
In March 2002, BLS procedures for collecting hires and
separations data were revised to address possible underreporting.
As a result, JOLTS hires and separations estimates for months prior
to March 2002 may not be comparable to estimates for March 2002 and
later.
The federal government reorganization that involved transferring
approximately 180,000 employees to the new Department of Homeland
Security is not reflected in the JOLTS hires and separations
estimates for the federal government. The Office of Personnel
Management's record shows these transfers were completed in March
2003. The inclusion of transfers in the JOLTS definitions of hires
and separations is intended to cover ongoing movements of workers
between establishments. The Department of Homeland Security
reorganization was a massive one-time event, and the inclusion of
these intergovernmental transfers would distort the federal
government time series.
JOLTS uses moving averages as seasonal filters in seasonal
adjustment. JOLTS seasonal adjustment includes both additive and
multiplicative seasonal adjustment models and REGARIMA (regression
with autocorrelated errors) modeling to improve the seasonal
adjustment factors at the beginning and end of the series and to
detect and adjust for outliers in the series.
Reliability of the estimates
JOLTS estimates are subject to both sampling and nonsampling
error. When a sample rather than the entire population is
surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ
from the "true" population values they represent. The exact
difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the particular
sample selected, and this variability is measured by the standard
error of the estimate. BLS analysis is generally conducted at the
90-percent level of confidence. That means that there is a
- 8 -
90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a
sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard errors from the
"true" population value because of sampling error. Estimates of
sampling errors are available upon request.
The JOLTS estimates also are affected by nonsampling error.
Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, including the failure
to include a segment of the population, the inability to obtain
data from all units in the sample, the inability or unwillingness
of respondents to provide data on a timely basis, mistakes made by
respondents, errors made in the collection or processing of the
data, and errors from the employment benchmark data used in
estimation.
Other information
Information in this release will be made available to sensory
impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-691-5200; TDD
message referral phone: 1-800-877-8339.
Table 1. Job openings levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, seasonally adjusted
Levels(3) (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Nov. June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Nov. June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov.
2008 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009p 2008 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009p
Total.................................... 3,311 2,513 2,408 2,423 2,586 2,571 2,415 2.4 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.9 1.8
INDUSTRY
Total private(4)........................ 2,928 2,163 2,090 2,128 2,298 2,206 2,076 2.5 1.9 1.9 1.9 2.1 2.0 1.9
Construction........................... 76 56 47 65 70 69 77 1.1 .9 .8 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.3
Manufacturing.......................... 203 113 110 122 132 139 145 1.5 .9 .9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities(5) 624 469 393 422 407 373 324 2.3 1.8 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.3
Retail trade.......................... 410 308 260 273 271 247 208 2.6 2.0 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.4
Professional and business services..... 505 445 431 438 501 480 436 2.8 2.6 2.5 2.6 2.9 2.8 2.5
Education and health services.......... 697 531 553 520 546 524 546 3.5 2.7 2.8 2.6 2.7 2.6 2.7
Leisure and hospitality................ 302 276 256 238 311 258 238 2.2 2.1 1.9 1.8 2.3 1.9 1.8
Arts, entertainment, and recreation... 35 19 17 22 23 17 24 1.8 1.0 .9 1.1 1.2 .9 1.2
Accommodation and food services....... 284 254 237 216 286 242 216 2.4 2.2 2.1 1.9 2.5 2.1 1.9
Government(6)........................... 378 322 314 300 296 376 339 1.6 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.6 1.5
State and local government............. 337 273 266 269 240 286 251 1.7 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.2 1.4 1.3
REGION(7)
Northeast.............................. 582 609 508 513 539 503 496 2.2 2.4 2.0 2.0 2.1 2.0 2.0
South.................................. 1,267 882 870 911 930 897 796 2.5 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.7
Midwest................................ 644 496 509 476 556 550 551 2.0 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.8 1.8 1.8
West................................... 767 561 517 533 575 609 584 2.5 1.9 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.0
1 Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.
2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus
job openings.
3 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown.
4 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.
5 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.
6 Includes federal government, not shown separately.
7 The States (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts,
New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of
Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas,
Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio,
South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah,
Washington, and Wyoming.
p = preliminary.
Table 2. Hires levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, seasonally adjusted
Levels(3) (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Nov. June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Nov. June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov.
2008 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009p 2008 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009p
Total.................................... 4,226 3,919 4,228 4,040 4,061 4,045 4,176 3.1 3.0 3.2 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.2
INDUSTRY
Total private(4)........................ 3,928 3,654 3,930 3,779 3,800 3,730 3,895 3.5 3.3 3.6 3.5 3.5 3.4 3.6
Construction........................... 340 277 355 297 349 332 326 4.9 4.5 5.8 4.9 5.8 5.6 5.5
Manufacturing.......................... 257 225 272 243 270 245 243 2.0 1.9 2.3 2.1 2.3 2.1 2.1
Trade, transportation, and utilities(5) 852 744 819 818 842 768 831 3.3 2.9 3.3 3.3 3.4 3.1 3.3
Retail trade.......................... 576 519 547 557 535 523 534 3.8 3.5 3.7 3.8 3.6 3.6 3.7
Professional and business services..... 783 644 686 715 724 735 839 4.5 3.9 4.1 4.3 4.4 4.4 5.0
Education and health services.......... 528 530 522 538 526 522 524 2.8 2.8 2.7 2.8 2.7 2.7 2.7
Leisure and hospitality................ 706 695 716 695 656 677 734 5.3 5.3 5.4 5.3 5.0 5.2 5.6
Arts, entertainment, and recreation... 92 107 138 107 104 112 120 4.7 5.7 7.3 5.7 5.5 5.9 6.3
Accommodation and food services....... 620 590 582 591 562 566 613 5.4 5.2 5.2 5.2 5.0 5.0 5.5
Government(6)........................... 281 262 282 261 266 304 283 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.4 1.3
State and local government............. 251 237 253 233 244 263 250 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.3
REGION(7)
Northeast.............................. 661 735 714 720 693 769 742 2.6 3.0 2.9 2.9 2.8 3.1 3.0
South.................................. 1,572 1,428 1,544 1,493 1,502 1,403 1,602 3.2 3.0 3.3 3.2 3.2 3.0 3.4
Midwest................................ 934 839 885 947 911 915 905 3.0 2.8 3.0 3.2 3.1 3.1 3.0
West................................... 1,043 917 1,042 884 939 929 959 3.4 3.1 3.5 3.0 3.2 3.2 3.3
1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.
2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
3 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown.
4 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.
5 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.
6 Includes federal government, not shown separately.
7 See footnote 7, table 1.
p = preliminary.
Table 3. Total separations levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, seasonally adjusted
Levels(3) (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Nov. June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Nov. June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov.
2008 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009p 2008 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009p
Total.................................... 4,863 4,306 4,430 4,284 4,325 4,223 4,340 3.6 3.3 3.4 3.3 3.3 3.2 3.3
INDUSTRY
Total private(4)........................ 4,571 3,939 4,147 3,976 4,038 3,944 4,059 4.0 3.6 3.8 3.7 3.7 3.6 3.7
Construction........................... 472 355 444 342 421 384 365 6.8 5.7 7.2 5.6 7.0 6.4 6.1
Manufacturing.......................... 384 352 329 313 314 300 300 2.9 3.0 2.8 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.6
Trade, transportation, and utilities(5) 1,030 816 874 850 870 840 864 4.0 3.2 3.5 3.4 3.5 3.4 3.5
Retail trade.......................... 680 549 578 567 561 568 548 4.5 3.7 3.9 3.8 3.8 3.9 3.7
Professional and business services..... 909 698 738 728 740 725 800 5.2 4.2 4.4 4.4 4.5 4.3 4.8
Education and health services.......... 466 489 500 509 502 470 489 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.4 2.5
Leisure and hospitality................ 773 696 713 704 697 723 771 5.8 5.3 5.4 5.3 5.3 5.5 5.9
Arts, entertainment, and recreation... 98 115 121 111 102 129 118 5.0 6.1 6.4 5.9 5.3 6.8 6.2
Accommodation and food services....... 673 594 594 593 590 590 646 5.9 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.2 5.3 5.8
Government(6)........................... 282 340 298 293 279 275 279 1.3 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.2
State and local government............. 258 272 274 271 260 242 244 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.2
REGION(7)
Northeast.............................. 767 799 716 759 744 739 865 3.0 3.2 2.9 3.1 3.0 3.0 3.5
South.................................. 1,841 1,535 1,602 1,490 1,521 1,561 1,665 3.8 3.2 3.4 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.5
Midwest................................ 1,105 958 958 951 985 920 833 3.6 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.3 3.1 2.8
West................................... 1,205 1,053 1,181 1,086 1,036 963 1,038 4.0 3.6 4.0 3.7 3.5 3.3 3.5
1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.
2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
3 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown.
4 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.
5 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.
6 Includes federal government, not shown separately.
7 See footnote 7, table 1.
p = preliminary.
Table 4. Quits levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, seasonally adjusted
Levels(3) (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Nov. June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Nov. June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov.
2008 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009p 2008 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009p
Total.................................... 2,201 1,787 1,778 1,779 1,804 1,771 1,960 1.6 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.5
INDUSTRY
Total private(4)........................ 2,076 1,680 1,673 1,680 1,713 1,663 1,855 1.8 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.7
Construction........................... 109 70 68 67 90 68 121 1.6 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.5 1.1 2.0
Manufacturing.......................... 122 93 82 85 94 78 73 .9 .8 .7 .7 .8 .7 .6
Trade, transportation, and utilities(5) 489 391 415 407 445 389 455 1.9 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.8 1.6 1.8
Retail trade.......................... 352 299 295 309 342 292 301 2.3 2.0 2.0 2.1 2.3 2.0 2.1
Professional and business services..... 349 257 265 269 276 283 276 2.0 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.6
Education and health services.......... 251 264 235 249 269 268 263 1.3 1.4 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4
Leisure and hospitality................ 469 429 411 413 351 363 421 3.5 3.3 3.1 3.1 2.7 2.8 3.2
Arts, entertainment, and recreation... 35 46 38 38 17 37 43 1.8 2.4 2.0 2.0 .9 2.0 2.3
Accommodation and food services....... 437 378 372 374 339 328 381 3.8 3.4 3.3 3.3 3.0 2.9 3.4
Government(6)........................... 122 111 107 106 98 103 106 .5 .5 .5 .5 .4 .5 .5
State and local government............. 117 99 101 97 95 97 99 .6 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5
REGION(7)
Northeast.............................. 321 279 234 270 297 291 279 1.3 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.1
South.................................. 879 693 724 687 701 682 836 1.8 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.8
Midwest................................ 491 403 435 374 405 386 384 1.6 1.3 1.5 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.3
West................................... 510 434 404 460 414 386 476 1.7 1.5 1.4 1.6 1.4 1.3 1.6
1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.
2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
3 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown.
4 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.
5 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.
6 Includes federal government, not shown separately.
7 See footnote 7, table 1.
p = preliminary.
Table 5. Job openings levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Nov. Oct. Nov. Nov. Oct. Nov.
2008 2009 2009p 2008 2009 2009p
Total........................................... 2,928 2,791 2,204 2.1 2.1 1.6
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 2,577 2,395 1,884 2.2 2.1 1.7
Mining and Logging............................ 15 7 5 1.9 1.0 .7
Construction.................................. 54 62 60 .8 1.0 1.0
Manufacturing................................. 156 159 140 1.2 1.3 1.2
Durable goods................................ 89 78 64 1.1 1.1 .9
Nondurable goods............................. 67 81 76 1.4 1.7 1.6
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 576 431 288 2.1 1.7 1.1
Wholesale trade.............................. 75 78 50 1.3 1.3 .9
Retail trade................................. 424 301 199 2.7 2.0 1.3
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 76 52 40 1.5 1.1 .8
Information................................... 68 99 43 2.2 3.4 1.5
Financial activities.......................... 200 173 163 2.4 2.2 2.1
Finance and insurance........................ 133 105 128 2.2 1.8 2.2
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 67 68 35 3.1 3.3 1.7
Professional and business services............ 453 525 389 2.5 3.0 2.2
Education and health services................. 643 540 523 3.2 2.7 2.6
Educational services......................... 70 36 38 2.1 1.1 1.1
Health care and social assistance............ 573 504 485 3.5 3.0 2.9
Leisure and hospitality....................... 273 281 196 2.0 2.1 1.5
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 28 18 21 1.5 1.0 1.2
Accommodation and food services............. 245 263 175 2.1 2.3 1.5
Other services................................ 140 118 77 2.5 2.1 1.4
Government..................................... 351 396 320 1.5 1.7 1.4
Federal....................................... 25 110 80 .9 3.7 2.7
State and local............................... 326 286 240 1.6 1.4 1.2
REGION (3)
Northeast..................................... 538 576 445 2.1 2.3 1.8
South......................................... 1,143 969 722 2.3 2.0 1.5
Midwest....................................... 545 614 474 1.7 2.0 1.6
West.......................................... 703 632 562 2.2 2.1 1.9
1 Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.
2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a
percent of total employment plus job openings.
3 See footnote 7, table 1.
p = preliminary.
Table 6. Hires levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Nov. Oct. Nov. Nov. Oct. Nov.
2008 2009 2009p 2008 2009 2009p
Total........................................... 3,655 4,352 3,754 2.7 3.3 2.8
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 3,458 4,044 3,554 3.0 3.7 3.3
Mining and Logging............................ 24 21 19 3.0 2.9 2.6
Construction.................................. 258 326 247 3.7 5.2 4.1
Manufacturing................................. 212 263 197 1.6 2.2 1.7
Durable goods................................ 118 127 110 1.4 1.8 1.5
Nondurable goods............................. 94 136 87 1.9 3.0 1.9
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 944 909 946 3.6 3.6 3.7
Wholesale trade.............................. 113 129 133 1.9 2.3 2.4
Retail trade................................. 723 637 669 4.7 4.3 4.5
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 108 143 144 2.2 3.0 3.0
Information................................... 56 67 61 1.9 2.4 2.2
Financial activities.......................... 152 226 111 1.9 2.9 1.4
Finance and insurance........................ 104 141 71 1.7 2.5 1.2
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 48 84 40 2.3 4.2 2.0
Professional and business services............ 705 807 800 4.0 4.8 4.7
Education and health services................. 434 581 433 2.3 3.0 2.2
Educational services......................... 54 96 49 1.7 3.0 1.5
Health care and social assistance............ 380 485 385 2.4 3.0 2.3
Leisure and hospitality....................... 584 671 622 4.5 5.1 4.8
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 66 91 93 3.6 4.9 5.3
Accommodation and food services............. 519 580 528 4.6 5.2 4.7
Other services................................ 89 174 118 1.6 3.2 2.2
Government..................................... 197 308 200 .9 1.3 .9
Federal....................................... 22 39 25 .8 1.4 .9
State and local............................... 175 269 175 .9 1.3 .9
REGION (3)
Northeast..................................... 580 833 664 2.3 3.3 2.7
South......................................... 1,355 1,516 1,440 2.7 3.2 3.0
Midwest....................................... 807 1,016 785 2.6 3.4 2.6
West.......................................... 912 987 865 3.0 3.3 2.9
1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.
2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
3 See footnote 7, table 1.
p = preliminary.
Table 7. Total separations levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Nov. Oct. Nov. Nov. Oct. Nov.
2008 2009 2009p 2008 2009 2009p
Total........................................... 4,161 4,476 3,765 3.0 3.4 2.8
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 3,977 4,253 3,583 3.5 3.9 3.3
Mining and Logging............................ 27 27 19 3.4 3.8 2.7
Construction.................................. 462 444 357 6.5 7.1 5.9
Manufacturing................................. 318 328 246 2.4 2.8 2.1
Durable goods................................ 186 175 136 2.3 2.4 1.9
Nondurable goods............................. 132 154 110 2.7 3.3 2.4
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 891 847 761 3.4 3.4 3.0
Wholesale trade.............................. 137 120 127 2.3 2.1 2.2
Retail trade................................. 606 575 486 3.9 3.9 3.2
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 147 152 148 2.9 3.2 3.1
Information................................... 67 69 68 2.3 2.5 2.4
Financial activities.......................... 168 235 106 2.1 3.1 1.4
Finance and insurance........................ 100 138 55 1.7 2.4 1.0
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 68 98 51 3.3 4.9 2.6
Professional and business services............ 869 770 802 4.9 4.6 4.7
Education and health services................. 338 455 351 1.8 2.3 1.8
Educational services......................... 35 54 35 1.1 1.7 1.1
Health care and social assistance............ 303 401 317 1.9 2.5 1.9
Leisure and hospitality....................... 697 873 716 5.3 6.7 5.6
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 105 193 127 5.9 10.4 7.2
Accommodation and food services............. 592 680 589 5.2 6.1 5.3
Other services................................ 139 204 155 2.5 3.8 2.9
Government..................................... 183 222 182 .8 1.0 .8
Federal....................................... 11 24 22 .4 .8 .8
State and local............................... 172 198 160 .9 1.0 .8
REGION (3)
Northeast..................................... 643 770 728 2.5 3.1 2.9
South......................................... 1,457 1,647 1,382 2.9 3.5 2.9
Midwest....................................... 1,024 1,005 758 3.3 3.4 2.5
West.......................................... 1,036 1,053 897 3.4 3.6 3.0
1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.
2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of
total employment.
3 See footnote 7, table 1.
p = preliminary.
Table 8. Quits levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Nov. Oct. Nov. Nov. Oct. Nov.
2008 2009 2009p 2008 2009 2009p
Total........................................... 1,707 1,885 1,566 1.2 1.4 1.2
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 1,625 1,798 1,492 1.4 1.6 1.4
Mining and Logging............................ 11 6 4 1.3 .9 .6
Construction.................................. 64 77 92 .9 1.2 1.5
Manufacturing................................. 89 92 51 .7 .8 .4
Durable goods................................ 49 40 25 .6 .6 .4
Nondurable goods............................. 40 53 26 .8 1.2 .6
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 404 416 382 1.5 1.7 1.5
Wholesale trade.............................. 45 41 61 .8 .7 1.1
Retail trade................................. 309 308 265 2.0 2.1 1.8
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 50 67 56 1.0 1.4 1.2
Information................................... 23 33 37 .8 1.2 1.3
Financial activities.......................... 79 94 48 1.0 1.2 .6
Finance and insurance........................ 57 67 30 1.0 1.2 .5
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 22 27 19 1.1 1.4 .9
Professional and business services............ 298 313 241 1.7 1.9 1.4
Education and health services................. 191 276 201 1.0 1.4 1.0
Educational services......................... 14 27 20 .4 .8 .6
Health care and social assistance............ 177 249 181 1.1 1.5 1.1
Leisure and hospitality....................... 392 404 354 3.0 3.1 2.8
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 22 41 29 1.2 2.2 1.6
Accommodation and food services............. 371 363 326 3.3 3.2 2.9
Other services................................ 74 85 82 1.4 1.6 1.5
Government..................................... 82 87 74 .4 .4 .3
Federal....................................... 2 3 3 .1 .1 .1
State and local............................... 80 84 71 .4 .4 .4
REGION (3)
Northeast..................................... 258 318 226 1.0 1.3 .9
South......................................... 666 739 653 1.3 1.5 1.4
Midwest....................................... 392 421 307 1.3 1.4 1.0
West.......................................... 391 406 380 1.3 1.4 1.3
1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.
2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
3 See footnote 7, table 1.
p = preliminary.
Table 9. Layoffs and discharges levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Nov. Oct. Nov. Nov. Oct. Nov.
2008 2009 2009p 2008 2009 2009p
Total........................................... 2,184 2,266 1,955 1.6 1.7 1.5
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 2,115 2,177 1,883 1.9 2.0 1.7
Mining and Logging............................ 16 19 14 2.1 2.7 2.0
Construction.................................. 379 358 258 5.4 5.8 4.2
Manufacturing................................. 212 215 183 1.6 1.8 1.6
Durable goods................................ 126 124 103 1.5 1.7 1.4
Nondurable goods............................. 85 91 80 1.7 2.0 1.7
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 414 346 335 1.6 1.4 1.3
Wholesale trade.............................. 85 59 61 1.4 1.0 1.1
Retail trade................................. 251 218 189 1.6 1.5 1.3
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 78 69 85 1.6 1.4 1.8
Information................................... 38 26 26 1.3 .9 .9
Financial activities.......................... 81 118 49 1.0 1.5 .6
Finance and insurance........................ 37 52 21 .6 .9 .4
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 44 66 28 2.1 3.3 1.4
Professional and business services............ 532 394 485 3.0 2.3 2.9
Education and health services................. 105 154 126 .5 .8 .6
Educational services......................... 19 26 13 .6 .8 .4
Health care and social assistance............ 86 128 114 .5 .8 .7
Leisure and hospitality....................... 282 448 343 2.2 3.4 2.7
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 80 147 94 4.4 7.9 5.3
Accommodation and food services............. 202 301 249 1.8 2.7 2.2
Other services................................ 56 98 64 1.0 1.8 1.2
Government..................................... 69 89 72 .3 .4 .3
Federal....................................... 4 7 13 .1 .3 .5
State and local............................... 65 82 59 .3 .4 .3
REGION (3)
Northeast..................................... 342 399 474 1.3 1.6 1.9
South......................................... 698 814 605 1.4 1.7 1.3
Midwest....................................... 576 505 403 1.9 1.7 1.3
West.......................................... 569 548 473 1.9 1.9 1.6
1 Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.
2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a
percent of total employment.
3 See footnote 7, table 1.
p = preliminary.
Table 10. Other separations levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Nov. Oct. Nov. Nov. Oct. Nov.
2008 2009 2009p 2008 2009 2009p
Total........................................... 269 325 245 0.2 0.2 0.2
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 237 279 209 .2 .3 .2
Mining and Logging............................ (4) 2 1 (4) .2 .1
Construction.................................. 19 8 8 .3 .1 .1
Manufacturing................................. 18 21 12 .1 .2 .1
Durable goods................................ 11 11 7 .1 .1 .1
Nondurable goods............................. 7 10 4 .1 .2 .1
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 73 85 45 .3 .3 .2
Wholesale trade.............................. 8 20 6 .1 .4 .1
Retail trade................................. 46 48 31 .3 .3 .2
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 19 16 8 .4 .3 .2
Information................................... 6 10 6 .2 .3 .2
Financial activities.......................... 8 23 9 .1 .3 .1
Finance and insurance........................ 6 19 4 .1 .3 .1
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 2 4 4 .1 .2 .2
Professional and business services............ 40 64 77 .2 .4 .5
Education and health services................. 42 25 24 .2 .1 .1
Educational services......................... 2 1 2 .1 (4) .1
Health care and social assistance............ 40 24 22 .2 .1 .1
Leisure and hospitality....................... 23 21 19 .2 .2 .1
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 4 5 5 .2 .3 .3
Accommodation and food services............. 19 16 14 .2 .1 .1
Other services................................ 8 21 9 .2 .4 .2
Government..................................... 32 46 36 .1 .2 .2
Federal....................................... 5 13 6 .2 .5 .2
State and local............................... 27 33 30 .1 .2 .1
REGION (3)
Northeast..................................... 43 53 28 .2 .2 .1
South......................................... 95 95 125 .2 .2 .3
Midwest....................................... 56 79 48 .2 .3 .2
West.......................................... 75 98 43 .2 .3 .1
1 Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.
2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of
total employment.
3 See footnote 7, table 1.
4 Data round to zero.
p = preliminary.
United States Department of Labor
