For release 10:00 a.m. (ET) Wednesday, March 6, 2024 USDL-24-0449
Technical information: (202) 691-5870 • JoltsInfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/jlt
Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov
JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – JANUARY 2024
The number of job openings changed little at 8.9 million on the last business day of January, the U.S.
Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Over the month, the number of hires and total separations
were little changed at 5.7 million and 5.3 million, respectively. Within separations, quits (3.4 million)
and layoffs and discharges (1.6 million) changed little. This release includes estimates of the number
and rate of job openings, hires, and separations for the total nonfarm sector, by industry, and by
establishment size class. This release also includes 2023 annual estimates for job openings, hires, and
separations.
Job Openings
On the last business day of January, the number of job openings changed little at 8.9 million; this
measure is down from a series high of 12.2 million in March 2022. Over the month, the rate was
unchanged at 5.3 percent. In January, job openings increased in nondurable goods manufacturing
(+82,000) but decreased in private educational services (-41,000). (See table 1.)
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
| Changes to the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey Data |
| |
|Effective with this release, the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS) estimates will |
|incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment data and the JOLTS |
|seasonal adjustment factors. Not seasonally adjusted data and seasonally adjusted data from January |
|2019 forward are subject to revision. |
| |
|Also, with this release, the “education and health services” industry will be renamed “private education |
|and health services.” In addition, “educational services” will be renamed “private educational services.”|
|This change is being made to align the industry titles with those used in the Current Employment |
|Statistics program. |
|_________________________________________________________________________________________________________|
Hires
In January, the number and rate of hires were little changed at 5.7 million and 3.6 percent, respectively.
Hires decreased in state and local government education (-37,000). (See table 2.)
Separations
Total separations include quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Quits are generally
voluntary separations initiated by the employee. Therefore, the quits rate can serve as a measure of
workers’ willingness or ability to leave jobs. Layoffs and discharges are involuntary separations initiated
by the employer. Other separations include separations due to retirement, death, disability, and transfers
to other locations of the same firm.
The number of total separations in January changed little at 5.3 million, and the rate was 3.4 percent
for the third month in a row. Over the month, the number of total separations decreased in health care
and social assistance (-86,000) and in federal government (-8,000). (See table 3.)
In January, the number and rate of quits were little changed at 3.4 million and 2.1 percent, respectively.
The number of quits increased in information (+23,000) but decreased in real estate and rental and
leasing (-16,000). (See table 4.)
In January, the number of layoffs and discharges changed little at 1.6 million, and the rate was 1.0
percent for the third month in a row. The number of layoffs and discharges decreased in state and local
government education (-19,000) but increased in mining and logging (+7,000). (See table 5.)
The number of other separations was little changed in January at 384,000. (See table 6.)
Establishment Size Class
In January, establishments with 1 to 9 employees saw little change in their job openings rate, hires rate,
and total separations rate. The job openings rate decreased for establishments with 5,000 or more
employees. (See table 7.)
December 2023 Revisions
The number of job openings for December was revised down by 137,000 to 8.9 million, the number of
hires was revised up by 166,000 to 5.8 million, and the number of total separations was revised up by
54,000 to 5.4 million. Within separations, the number of quits was revised up by 47,000 to 3.4 million
and the number of layoffs and discharges was revised down by 9,000 to 1.6 million. (Monthly revisions
result from additional reports received from businesses and government agencies since the last published
estimates and from the recalculation of seasonal factors. The annual benchmark process also contributes
to the December revisions.)
Annual Levels and Rates
Consistent with BLS practice, annual estimates are published for not seasonally adjusted data each year
with the January news release. For details about how these estimates are calculated, see the technical
note.
In 2023, the annual average job openings level was 9.4 million, a decrease of 1.8 million from 2022. The
annual average job openings rate was 5.7 percent in 2023, compared to 6.8 percent in 2022.
(See tables 15 and 16.)
In 2023, the annual hires level was 71.0 million, a decrease of 5.8 million from 2022. Annual total
separations decreased by 4.2 million in 2023 to 68.1 million. Annual quits decreased by 6.1 million in
2023 to 44.4 million and accounted for 65.2 percent of total separations. Annual layoffs and discharges
increased by 2.1 million in 2023 to 19.8 million and accounted for 29.0 percent of total separations.
Annual other separations decreased by 176,000 in 2023 to 3.9 million and accounted for 5.8 percent of
total separations. (See tables 17 through 26.)
The annual average hires rate for 2023 was 3.8 percent, down from 4.2 percent in 2022. The annual
average total separations rate for 2023 was 3.6 percent, compared to 3.9 percent in 2022. The annual
average rates for the components of total separations were 2.4 percent for quits, 1.1 percent for layoffs
and discharges, and 0.2 percent for other separations. (See tables 17 through 26.)
____________
The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey estimates for February 2024 are scheduled to be
released on Tuesday, April 2, 2024, at 10:00 a.m. (ET).
Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Job openings | Hires | Total separations
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Category |Jan. |Dec. |Jan. |Jan. |Dec. |Jan. |Jan. |Dec. |Jan.
|2023 |2023 |2024p |2023 |2023 |2024p |2023 |2023 |2024p
--------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------
| | | | | | | | |
LEVELS BY INDUSTRY | | | | | | | | |
(in thousands) | | | | | | | | |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Total...........................|10,425 |8,889 |8,863 |6,374 |5,787 |5,687 |6,017 |5,419 |5,341
| | | | | | | | |
Total private..................|9,348 |7,884 |7,963 |5,932 |5,384 |5,323 |5,671 |5,060 |5,020
Mining and logging............|33 |32 |29 |26 |18 |23 |23 |19 |24
Construction..................|293 |434 |413 |386 |357 |380 |349 |335 |372
Manufacturing.................|719 |586 |622 |429 |371 |394 |421 |364 |363
Durable goods................|468 |408 |360 |226 |199 |222 |219 |192 |206
Nondurable goods.............|251 |179 |261 |203 |172 |172 |202 |172 |158
Trade, transportation, | | | | | | | | |
and utilities................|1,794 |1,318 |1,051 |1,393 |1,110 |1,068 |1,451 |1,058 |1,024
Wholesale trade..............|311 |230 |199 |176 |180 |170 |161 |173 |167
Retail trade.................|869 |710 |540 |829 |628 |618 |797 |584 |547
Transportation, warehousing, | | | | | | | | |
and utilities...............|615 |378 |312 |388 |302 |280 |494 |300 |310
Information...................|109 |177 |211 |69 |83 |82 |103 |67 |75
Financial activities..........|434 |482 |539 |218 |209 |211 |208 |203 |191
Finance and insurance........|313 |317 |360 |126 |123 |127 |115 |124 |115
Real estate and | | | | | | | | |
rental and leasing..........|121 |165 |178 |92 |86 |84 |93 |80 |75
Professional and business | | | | | | | | |
services.....................|2,042 |1,579 |1,633 |1,083 |1,086 |1,101 |1,091 |1,054 |1,089
Private education and health | | | | | | | | |
services.....................|2,009 |1,956 |1,986 |936 |872 |799 |769 |755 |667
Private educational services.|205 |173 |132 |114 |100 |85 |74 |86 |83
Health care and social | | | | | | | | |
assistance..................|1,804 |1,783 |1,854 |822 |772 |714 |695 |669 |583
Leisure and hospitality.......|1,534 |1,003 |1,100 |1,178 |1,068 |1,046 |1,050 |1,003 |987
Arts, entertainment, and | | | | | | | | |
recreation..................|200 |157 |159 |178 |185 |173 |158 |158 |145
Accommodation and food | | | | | | | | |
services....................|1,334 |847 |941 |1,000 |883 |873 |892 |845 |843
Other services................|380 |316 |380 |214 |210 |219 |207 |202 |229
Government.....................|1,077 |1,005 |900 |442 |403 |364 |347 |360 |321
Federal.......................|176 |166 |148 |43 |43 |43 |36 |39 |31
State and local...............|901 |838 |752 |399 |361 |322 |311 |321 |290
State and local education....|323 |280 |250 |219 |180 |143 |157 |164 |139
State and local, excluding | | | | | | | | |
education...................|578 |558 |502 |180 |181 |179 |154 |156 |151
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------
| | | | | | | | |
RATES BY INDUSTRY | | | | | | | | |
(percent) | | | | | | | | |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Total...........................|6.3 |5.3 |5.3 |4.1 |3.7 |3.6 |3.9 |3.4 |3.4
| | | | | | | | |
Total private..................|6.6 |5.5 |5.6 |4.5 |4.0 |4.0 |4.3 |3.8 |3.7
Mining and logging............|5.0 |4.7 |4.4 |4.1 |2.8 |3.6 |3.7 |2.9 |3.7
Construction..................|3.6 |5.1 |4.8 |4.9 |4.4 |4.7 |4.4 |4.1 |4.6
Manufacturing.................|5.3 |4.3 |4.6 |3.3 |2.9 |3.0 |3.3 |2.8 |2.8
Durable goods................|5.5 |4.8 |4.2 |2.8 |2.4 |2.7 |2.7 |2.4 |2.5
Nondurable goods.............|4.9 |3.6 |5.1 |4.2 |3.6 |3.6 |4.2 |3.6 |3.3
Trade, transportation, | | | | | | | | |
and utilities................|5.9 |4.4 |3.5 |4.8 |3.8 |3.7 |5.0 |3.7 |3.5
Wholesale trade..............|4.9 |3.6 |3.1 |2.9 |2.9 |2.8 |2.6 |2.8 |2.7
Retail trade.................|5.3 |4.4 |3.3 |5.3 |4.0 |3.9 |5.1 |3.7 |3.5
Transportation, warehousing, | | | | | | | | |
and utilities...............|7.9 |5.0 |4.2 |5.4 |4.2 |3.9 |6.9 |4.2 |4.3
Information...................|3.4 |5.5 |6.5 |2.3 |2.8 |2.7 |3.3 |2.2 |2.5
Financial activities..........|4.5 |5.0 |5.5 |2.4 |2.3 |2.3 |2.3 |2.2 |2.1
Finance and insurance........|4.5 |4.5 |5.1 |1.9 |1.8 |1.9 |1.7 |1.8 |1.7
Real estate and rental | | | | | | | | |
and leasing.................|4.7 |6.2 |6.6 |3.8 |3.4 |3.4 |3.8 |3.2 |3.0
Professional and business | | | | | | | | |
services.....................|8.2 |6.5 |6.6 |4.8 |4.7 |4.8 |4.8 |4.6 |4.7
Private education and health | | | | | | | | |
services.....................|7.5 |7.0 |7.1 |3.8 |3.4 |3.1 |3.1 |2.9 |2.6
Private educational services.|5.1 |4.3 |3.3 |3.0 |2.6 |2.2 |1.9 |2.2 |2.2
Health care and social | | | | | | | | |
assistance..................|7.9 |7.5 |7.7 |3.9 |3.5 |3.2 |3.3 |3.0 |2.6
Leisure and hospitality......|8.6 |5.6 |6.1 |7.2 |6.4 |6.2 |6.4 |6.0 |5.9
Arts, entertainment, and | | | | | | | | |
recreation.................|7.6 |5.7 |5.7 |7.4 |7.1 |6.6 |6.5 |6.1 |5.5
Accommodation and food | | | | | | | | |
services...................|8.7 |5.6 |6.2 |7.2 |6.2 |6.1 |6.4 |5.9 |5.9
Other services...............|6.2 |5.1 |6.1 |3.7 |3.6 |3.7 |3.6 |3.4 |3.9
Government.....................|4.6 |4.2 |3.8 |2.0 |1.7 |1.6 |1.5 |1.6 |1.4
Federal.......................|5.8 |5.3 |4.7 |1.5 |1.4 |1.4 |1.2 |1.3 |1.0
State and local...............|4.4 |4.0 |3.6 |2.0 |1.8 |1.6 |1.6 |1.6 |1.4
State and local education....|3.0 |2.6 |2.3 |2.1 |1.7 |1.3 |1.5 |1.5 |1.3
State and local, excluding | | | | | | | | |
education...................|5.9 |5.6 |5.0 |2.0 |1.9 |1.9 |1.7 |1.7 |1.6
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current
Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.
Annual Revisions to Job Openings and Labor Turnover Data
The JOLTS data are revised annually to reflect updates to the Current Employment Statistics (CES)
employment estimates. The JOLTS employment levels (not published) are ratio-adjusted to the CES
employment levels, and the resulting ratios are applied to all JOLTS data elements. This annual
benchmarking process results in revisions to both the seasonally adjusted and not seasonally adjusted
JOLTS data series. The seasonally adjusted data are recalculated for the most recent 5 years to reflect
updated seasonal adjustment factors. Further, the alignment methodology creates a dependency of the
not seasonally adjusted estimates on the seasonal adjustment process. Therefore, the data series that are
not seasonally adjusted are also recalculated for the most recent 5 years to reflect the effect of the
updated seasonal adjustment factors on the alignment process.
Tables B through G below present revised total nonfarm data for January through December 2023. The
December 2023 revisions also reflect the routine incorporation of additional sample receipts into the
final December estimates. Tables presenting revisions to total nonfarm data for January 2019 through
December 2023 will be available on the JOLTS website later in the day following the release. The
website also contains all revised seasonally adjusted and not seasonally adjusted data. The revision
tables and data can be accessed through the JOLTS homepage at www.bls.gov/jlt/.
Table B. Revisions in job openings data January 2023 - December 2023,
seasonally adjusted
_________________________________________________________________________________
| |
| Levels (in thousands) | Rates (percent)
Year |---------------------------------- |----------------------------------
and | As | As | | As | As |
month | previously | revised | Difference | previously | revised | Difference
| published | | | published | |
_________________________________________________________________________________
2023 | | | | | |
January...| 10,563 | 10,425 | -138 | 6.4 | 6.3 | -0.1
February..| 9,974 | 9,849 | -125 | 6.0 | 6.0 | .0
March.....| 9,745 | 9,623 | -122 | 5.9 | 5.8 | -.1
April.....| 10,320 | 9,904 | -416 | 6.2 | 6.0 | -.2
May.......| 9,616 | 9,311 | -305 | 5.8 | 5.6 | -.2
June......| 9,165 | 9,125 | -40 | 5.5 | 5.5 | .0
July......| 8,920 | 8,805 | -115 | 5.4 | 5.3 | -.1
August....| 9,497 | 9,358 | -139 | 5.7 | 5.6 | -.1
September.| 9,350 | 9,307 | -43 | 5.6 | 5.6 | .0
October...| 8,852 | 8,685 | -167 | 5.3 | 5.2 | -.1
November..| 8,925 | 8,931 | 6 | 5.4 | 5.4 | .0
December..| 9,026 | 8,889 | -137 | 5.4 | 5.3 | -.1
__________|____________|_________|____________|____________|_________|___________
Table C. Revisions in hires data January 2023 - December 2023,
seasonally adjusted
_________________________________________________________________________________
| |
| Levels (in thousands) | Rates (percent)
Year |---------------------------------- |----------------------------------
and | As | As | | As | As |
month | previously | revised | Difference | previously | revised | Difference
| published | | | published | |
_________________________________________________________________________________
2023 | | | | | |
January...| 6,327 | 6,374 | 47 | 4.1 | 4.1 | 0.0
February..| 6,150 | 6,058 | -92 | 4.0 | 3.9 | -.1
March.....| 6,066 | 5,955 | -111 | 3.9 | 3.8 | -.1
April.....| 6,101 | 5,951 | -150 | 3.9 | 3.8 | -.1
May.......| 6,231 | 6,171 | -60 | 4.0 | 4.0 | .0
June......| 5,940 | 5,895 | -45 | 3.8 | 3.8 | .0
July......| 5,822 | 5,733 | -89 | 3.7 | 3.7 | .0
August....| 5,850 | 5,888 | 38 | 3.7 | 3.8 | .1
September.| 5,904 | 5,851 | -53 | 3.8 | 3.7 | -.1
October...| 5,828 | 5,814 | -14 | 3.7 | 3.7 | .0
November..| 5,554 | 5,569 | 15 | 3.5 | 3.5 | .0
December..| 5,621 | 5,787 | 166 | 3.6 | 3.7 | .1
__________|____________|_________|____________|____________|_________|___________
Table D. Revisions in total separations data January 2023 - December 2023,
seasonally adjusted
_________________________________________________________________________________
| |
| Levels (in thousands) | Rates (percent)
Year |---------------------------------- |----------------------------------
and | As | As | | As | As |
month | previously | revised | Difference | previously | revised | Difference
| published | | | published | |
_________________________________________________________________________________
2023 | | | | | |
January...| 5,900 | 6,017 | 117 | 3.8 | 3.9 | 0.1
February..| 5,841 | 5,833 | -8 | 3.8 | 3.8 | .0
March.....| 5,994 | 5,917 | -77 | 3.9 | 3.8 | -.1
April.....| 5,660 | 5,569 | -91 | 3.6 | 3.6 | .0
May.......| 5,925 | 5,846 | -79 | 3.8 | 3.8 | .0
June......| 5,691 | 5,639 | -52 | 3.6 | 3.6 | .0
July......| 5,638 | 5,646 | 8 | 3.6 | 3.6 | .0
August....| 5,687 | 5,609 | -78 | 3.6 | 3.6 | .0
September.| 5,595 | 5,522 | -73 | 3.6 | 3.5 | -.1
October...| 5,632 | 5,630 | -2 | 3.6 | 3.6 | .0
November..| 5,401 | 5,413 | 12 | 3.4 | 3.4 | .0
December..| 5,365 | 5,419 | 54 | 3.4 | 3.4 | .0
__________|____________|_________|____________|____________|_________|___________
Table E. Revisions in quits data January 2023 - December 2023,
seasonally adjusted
_________________________________________________________________________________
| |
| Levels (in thousands) | Rates (percent)
Year |---------------------------------- |----------------------------------
and | As | As | | As | As |
month | previously | revised | Difference | previously | revised | Difference
| published | | | published | |
_________________________________________________________________________________
2023 | | | | | |
January...| 3,878 | 3,882 | 4 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 0.0
February..| 3,980 | 3,964 | -16 | 2.6 | 2.6 | .0
March.....| 3,842 | 3,809 | -33 | 2.5 | 2.5 | .0
April.....| 3,765 | 3,611 | -154 | 2.4 | 2.3 | -.1
May.......| 4,067 | 4,009 | -58 | 2.6 | 2.6 | .0
June......| 3,802 | 3,716 | -86 | 2.4 | 2.4 | .0
July......| 3,619 | 3,615 | -4 | 2.3 | 2.3 | .0
August....| 3,663 | 3,595 | -68 | 2.3 | 2.3 | .0
September.| 3,646 | 3,596 | -50 | 2.3 | 2.3 | .0
October...| 3,628 | 3,634 | 6 | 2.3 | 2.3 | .0
November..| 3,524 | 3,516 | -8 | 2.2 | 2.2 | .0
December..| 3,392 | 3,439 | 47 | 2.2 | 2.2 | .0
__________|____________|_________|____________|____________|_________|___________
Table F. Revisions in layoffs and discharges data January 2023 - December 2023,
seasonally adjusted
_________________________________________________________________________________
| |
| Levels (in thousands) | Rates (percent)
Year |---------------------------------- |----------------------------------
and | As | As | | As | As |
month | previously | revised | Difference | previously | revised | Difference
| published | | | published | |
_________________________________________________________________________________
2023 | | | | | |
January...| 1,719 | 1,868 | 149 | 1.1 | 1.2 | 0.1
February..| 1,557 | 1,571 | 14 | 1.0 | 1.0 | .0
March.....| 1,845 | 1,825 | -20 | 1.2 | 1.2 | .0
April.....| 1,590 | 1,636 | 46 | 1.0 | 1.1 | .1
May.......| 1,546 | 1,531 | -15 | 1.0 | 1.0 | .0
June......| 1,551 | 1,589 | 38 | 1.0 | 1.0 | .0
July......| 1,681 | 1,698 | 17 | 1.1 | 1.1 | .0
August....| 1,682 | 1,664 | -18 | 1.1 | 1.1 | .0
September.| 1,610 | 1,595 | -15 | 1.0 | 1.0 | .0
October...| 1,643 | 1,653 | 10 | 1.0 | 1.1 | .1
November..| 1,531 | 1,546 | 15 | 1.0 | 1.0 | .0
December..| 1,616 | 1,607 | -9 | 1.0 | 1.0 | .0
__________|____________|_________|____________|____________|_________|___________
Table G. Revisions in other separations data January 2023 - December 2023,
seasonally adjusted
_________________________________________________________________________________
| |
| Levels (in thousands) | Rates (percent)
Year |---------------------------------- |----------------------------------
and | As | As | | As | As |
month | previously | revised | Difference | previously | revised | Difference
| published | | | published | |
_________________________________________________________________________________
2023 | | | | | |
January...| 303 | 268 | -35 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.0
February..| 304 | 299 | -5 | .2 | .2 | .0
March.....| 306 | 283 | -23 | .2 | .2 | .0
April.....| 305 | 322 | 17 | .2 | .2 | .0
May.......| 313 | 307 | -6 | .2 | .2 | .0
June......| 339 | 334 | -5 | .2 | .2 | .0
July......| 338 | 333 | -5 | .2 | .2 | .0
August....| 342 | 349 | 7 | .2 | .2 | .0
September.| 339 | 331 | -8 | .2 | .2 | .0
October...| 361 | 344 | -17 | .2 | .2 | .0
November..| 346 | 351 | 5 | .2 | .2 | .0
December..| 358 | 373 | 15 | .2 | .2 | .0
__________|____________|_________|____________|____________|_________|___________
Technical Note
This news release presents statistics from the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The JOLTS
program provides information on labor demand and turnover. Additional information about the JOLTS program can
be found at www.bls.gov/jlt/. Estimates are published for job openings, hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other
separations, and total separations. The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments, as well as civilian
federal, state, and local government entities in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Starting with data for
January 2023, industries are classified in accordance with the 2022 North American Industry Classification System.
Definitions
Employment. Employment includes persons on the payroll who worked or received pay for the pay period that
includes the 12th day of the reference month. Full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term, seasonal, salaried, and
hourly employees are included, as are employees on paid vacation or other paid leave. Proprietors or partners of
unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, employees on strike for the entire pay period, and employees on
leave without pay for the entire pay period are not counted as employed. Employees of temporary help agencies,
employee leasing companies, outside contractors, and consultants are counted by their employer of record, not by
the establishment where they are working. JOLTS does not publish employment estimates but uses the reported
employment for validation of the other reported data elements.
Job Openings. Job openings include all positions that are open on the last business day of the reference month.
A job is open only if it meets all three of these conditions:
* A specific position exists, and there is work available for that position. The position can be full-time or
part-time, and it can be permanent, short-term, or seasonal.
* The job could start within 30 days, whether or not the employer can find a suitable candidate during that
time.
* The employer is actively recruiting workers from outside the establishment to fill the position. Active
recruiting means that the establishment is taking steps to fill a position. It may include advertising in
newspapers, on television, or on the radio; posting internet notices, posting “help wanted” signs,
networking or making “word-of-mouth” announcements; accepting applications; interviewing candidates;
contacting employment agencies; or soliciting employees at job fairs, state or local employment offices, or
similar sources.
Excluded are positions open only to internal transfers, promotions or demotions, or recall from layoffs. Also
excluded are openings for positions with start dates more than 30 days in the future; positions for which employees
have been hired but have not yet reported for work; and positions to be filled by employees of temporary help
agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The job openings rate is computed by
dividing the number of job openings by the sum of employment and job openings—that is, all filled and unfilled
jobs—and multiplying that quotient by 100.
Hires. Hires include all additions to the payroll during the entire reference month, including newly hired and
rehired employees; full-time and part-time employees; permanent, short-term, and seasonal employees; employees
who were recalled to a job at the location following a layoff (formal suspension from pay status) lasting more than 7
days; on-call or intermittent employees who returned to work after having been formally separated; workers who
were hired and separated during the month, and transfers from other locations. Excluded are transfers or promotions
within the reporting location, employees returning from strike, employees of temporary help agencies, employee
leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The hires rate is computed by dividing the number of hires by
employment and multiplying that quotient by 100.
Separations. Separations include all separations from the payroll during the entire reference month and is
reported by type of separation: quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Quits include employees who
left voluntarily, with the exception of retirements or transfers to other locations. Layoffs and discharges includes
involuntary separations initiated by the employer, including layoffs with no intent to rehire; layoffs (formal
suspensions from pay status) lasting or expected to last more than 7 days; discharges resulting from mergers,
downsizing, or closings; firings or other discharges for cause; terminations of permanent or short-term employees;
and terminations of seasonal employees (whether or not they are expected to return the next season). Other
separations include retirements, transfers to other locations, separations due to employee disability, and deaths.
Excluded from separations measures are transfers within the same location; employees on strike; and employees of
temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The separations rate is
computed by dividing the number of separations by employment and multiplying that quotient by 100. The quits,
layoffs and discharges, and other separations rates are computed similarly.
Estimation Method
The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random sample of approximately 21,000 nonfarm business and
government establishments. The sample is stratified by ownership, region, industry sector, and establishment size
class.
The sampling frame is made up of establishments from two sources: the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS)
Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages program (QCEW) and the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA).
The QCEW database contains establishments that cover approximately 95 percent of nonfarm payroll jobs in the
United States. This database is a compilation of administrative data from state unemployment insurance (UI)
programs and federal government establishments covered by the Unemployment Compensation for Federal
Employees (UCFE) program. A frame of railroad establishments is provided by the FRA. This is added to the
QCEW database to complete the JOLTS sampling frame.
The JOLTS estimation method involves the following processes: unit nonresponse adjustment, item
nonresponse adjustment, monthly benchmarking and estimation, automatic outlier detection, birth and death model
estimation, estimates review and outlier selection, alignment, seasonal adjustment, and variance estimates.
Establishment size class levels are also produced. Detailed information about the estimation method can be found in
the Handbook of Methods at https://www.bls.gov/opub/hom/jlt/home.htm.
Monthly benchmarking is the process through which the JOLTS weighted employment for each estimation cell
is adjusted. JOLTS estimation cells are benchmarked monthly to the current employment level from the BLS
Current Employment Statistics (CES) program. The sampled weight is benchmarked to ensure that JOLTS weighted
employment is equal to CES employment.
Birth/death model. The time lag from the start up, or birth, of an establishment until its appearance on the
sampling frame is approximately one year. In addition, many new establishments fail within the first year, referred
to as a death. Because new and short-lived universe establishments cannot be reflected in the sampling frame
immediately, the JOLTS sample cannot capture job openings, hires, and separations from these establishments
during their early existence. BLS has developed a birth/death model that uses establishment birth and death activity
from previous years as collected by the QCEW and projects forward to the present using over-the-year change in the
CES. The birth/death model also uses historical JOLTS data to calculate the amount of churn (meaning the rates of
hires and separations) that exists in establishments of various sizes. The model then combines the calculated churn
with the projected employment change to estimate the number of hires and separations that take place in these
establishments that cannot be measured through sampling. The estimates of job openings, hires, and separations
produced by the birth/death model are added to the sample-based estimates produced from the survey to arrive at the
estimates for job openings, hires, and separations.
Alignment. The JOLTS figure for hires minus separations can be used to derive a measure of net employment
change. This change should be comparable to the net employment change from the much larger CES survey.
However, definitional differences between the two surveys, as well as sampling and nonsampling errors, historically
caused JOLTS to diverge from CES over time. To limit the divergence and improve the quality of the JOLTS hires
and separations series, BLS implemented the monthly alignment method. There are four steps to this method:
seasonally adjust, align, back out the seasonal adjustment factors, and seasonally adjust again.
Seasonal adjustment. After alignment, the seasonal adjustment program (X-13ARIMA-SEATS) is used to
seasonally adjust the JOLTS series. Each month, a concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology uses all relevant
data, up to and including the current month, to calculate new seasonal adjustment factors. Moving averages are used
as seasonal filters in seasonal adjustment. JOLTS seasonal adjustment includes both additive and multiplicative
models, as well as regression with autocorrelated errors (REGARIMA) modeling, to improve the seasonal
adjustment factors at the beginning and end of the series and to detect and adjust for outliers in the series.
Annual estimates and benchmarking. The JOLTS estimates are revised annually with the issuance of data for
January. Five years of data are subject to revision. The revised estimates incorporate: 1) benchmarks based on CES
employment estimates newly benchmarked to QCEW, 2) revised seasonal adjustment factors, and 3) any needed
special adjustments.
The JOLTS employment levels are ratio-adjusted to the CES employment levels, and the resulting ratios are
applied to all JOLTS data elements.
The seasonally adjusted estimates are recalculated for the most recent 5 years to reflect updated seasonal
adjustment factors. These annual updates result in revisions to both the seasonally adjusted and not seasonally
adjusted JOLTS data series for the period since the last benchmark was established.
Annual levels for hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total separations are the sum of the
12 published monthly levels.
Annual average levels for job openings are calculated by dividing the sum of the 12 published monthly levels
by 12.
Annual average rates for hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total separations are
calculated by dividing the sum of the 12 monthly JOLTS published levels for each data element by the sum of the 12
monthly CES published employment levels, and multiplying that quotient by 100.
Annual average rates for job openings are calculated by dividing the sum of the 12 monthly JOLTS published
levels by the sum of the 12 monthly CES published employment levels plus the sum of the 12 monthly job openings
levels, and multiplying that quotient by 100.
Reliability of the estimates
JOLTS estimates are subject to two types of error: sampling error and nonsampling error.
Sampling error can result when a sample, rather than an entire population, is surveyed. There is a chance that
the sample estimates may differ from the true population values they represent. The exact difference, or sampling
error, varies with the sample selected, and this variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. BLS
analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence. This means that there is a 90-percent chance
that the true population mean will fall into the interval created by the sample mean plus or minus 1.65 standard
errors. Estimates of median standard errors are released monthly as part of the significant change tables on the
JOLTS webpage. Standard errors are updated annually with the most recent 5 years of data. Sampling error
estimates are available at www.bls.gov/jlt/jolts_median_standard_errors.htm.
Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, including the failure to include a segment of the population, the
inability to obtain data from all units in the sample, the inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide data on a
timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, errors made in the collection or processing of the data, and errors from
the employment benchmark data used in estimation. The JOLTS program uses quality control procedures to reduce
nonsampling error in the survey’s design.
Other information
If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access telecommunications
relay services.
Table 1. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted
| Industry and region |
Levels (in thousands) |
Rates |
Jan.
2023 |
Oct.
2023 |
Nov.
2023 |
Dec.
2023 |
Jan.
2024 |
Change from:
Dec. 2023 -
Jan. 2024 |
Jan.
2023 |
Oct.
2023 |
Nov.
2023 |
Dec.
2023 |
Jan.
2024 |
Change from:
Dec. 2023 -
Jan. 2024 |
Total |
10,425 |
8,685 |
8,931 |
8,889 |
8,863 |
-26 |
6.3 |
5.2 |
5.4 |
5.3 |
5.3 |
0.0 |
INDUSTRY |
|
Total private |
9,348 |
7,718 |
7,932 |
7,884 |
7,963 |
79 |
6.6 |
5.4 |
5.6 |
5.5 |
5.6 |
0.1 |
Mining and logging |
33 |
24 |
31 |
32 |
29 |
-3 |
5.0 |
3.6 |
4.6 |
4.7 |
4.4 |
-0.3 |
Construction |
293 |
413 |
454 |
434 |
413 |
-21 |
3.6 |
4.9 |
5.3 |
5.1 |
4.8 |
-0.3 |
Manufacturing |
719 |
576 |
553 |
586 |
622 |
36 |
5.3 |
4.3 |
4.1 |
4.3 |
4.6 |
0.3 |
Durable goods |
468 |
364 |
377 |
408 |
360 |
-48 |
5.5 |
4.3 |
4.4 |
4.8 |
4.2 |
-0.6 |
Nondurable goods |
251 |
213 |
176 |
179 |
261 |
82 |
4.9 |
4.2 |
3.5 |
3.6 |
5.1 |
1.5 |
Trade, transportation, and utilities |
1,794 |
1,306 |
1,336 |
1,318 |
1,051 |
-267 |
5.9 |
4.3 |
4.4 |
4.4 |
3.5 |
-0.9 |
Wholesale trade |
311 |
206 |
296 |
230 |
199 |
-31 |
4.9 |
3.2 |
4.6 |
3.6 |
3.1 |
-0.5 |
Retail trade |
869 |
581 |
596 |
710 |
540 |
-170 |
5.3 |
3.6 |
3.7 |
4.4 |
3.3 |
-1.1 |
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities |
615 |
520 |
443 |
378 |
312 |
-66 |
7.9 |
6.8 |
5.9 |
5.0 |
4.2 |
-0.8 |
Information |
109 |
113 |
154 |
177 |
211 |
34 |
3.4 |
3.6 |
4.9 |
5.5 |
6.5 |
1.0 |
Financial activities |
434 |
410 |
427 |
482 |
539 |
57 |
4.5 |
4.3 |
4.4 |
5.0 |
5.5 |
0.5 |
Finance and insurance |
313 |
287 |
288 |
317 |
360 |
43 |
4.5 |
4.1 |
4.1 |
4.5 |
5.1 |
0.6 |
Real estate and rental and leasing |
121 |
124 |
138 |
165 |
178 |
13 |
4.7 |
4.7 |
5.3 |
6.2 |
6.6 |
0.4 |
Professional and business services |
2,042 |
1,585 |
1,536 |
1,579 |
1,633 |
54 |
8.2 |
6.5 |
6.3 |
6.5 |
6.6 |
0.1 |
Private education and health services |
2,009 |
1,778 |
1,939 |
1,956 |
1,986 |
30 |
7.5 |
6.5 |
7.0 |
7.0 |
7.1 |
0.1 |
Private educational services |
205 |
156 |
161 |
173 |
132 |
-41 |
5.1 |
3.9 |
4.0 |
4.3 |
3.3 |
-1.0 |
Health care and social assistance |
1,804 |
1,622 |
1,778 |
1,783 |
1,854 |
71 |
7.9 |
6.9 |
7.5 |
7.5 |
7.7 |
0.2 |
Leisure and hospitality |
1,534 |
1,201 |
1,153 |
1,003 |
1,100 |
97 |
8.6 |
6.7 |
6.4 |
5.6 |
6.1 |
0.5 |
Arts, entertainment, and recreation |
200 |
207 |
170 |
157 |
159 |
2 |
7.6 |
7.4 |
6.2 |
5.7 |
5.7 |
0.0 |
Accommodation and food services |
1,334 |
994 |
983 |
847 |
941 |
94 |
8.7 |
6.5 |
6.5 |
5.6 |
6.2 |
0.6 |
Other services |
380 |
313 |
349 |
316 |
380 |
64 |
6.2 |
5.1 |
5.6 |
5.1 |
6.1 |
1.0 |
Government |
1,077 |
967 |
999 |
1,005 |
900 |
-105 |
4.6 |
4.0 |
4.2 |
4.2 |
3.8 |
-0.4 |
Federal |
176 |
188 |
161 |
166 |
148 |
-18 |
5.8 |
6.0 |
5.2 |
5.3 |
4.7 |
-0.6 |
State and local |
901 |
779 |
838 |
838 |
752 |
-86 |
4.4 |
3.7 |
4.0 |
4.0 |
3.6 |
-0.4 |
State and local education |
323 |
288 |
289 |
280 |
250 |
-30 |
3.0 |
2.6 |
2.6 |
2.6 |
2.3 |
-0.3 |
State and local, excluding education |
578 |
491 |
549 |
558 |
502 |
-56 |
5.9 |
5.0 |
5.5 |
5.6 |
5.0 |
-0.6 |
|
REGION |
|
Northeast |
1,629 |
1,490 |
1,489 |
1,512 |
1,570 |
58 |
5.6 |
5.1 |
5.1 |
5.1 |
5.3 |
0.2 |
South |
4,241 |
3,526 |
3,501 |
3,504 |
3,492 |
-12 |
6.8 |
5.7 |
5.6 |
5.6 |
5.6 |
0.0 |
Midwest |
2,244 |
1,861 |
2,048 |
1,963 |
1,944 |
-19 |
6.4 |
5.3 |
5.8 |
5.5 |
5.5 |
0.0 |
West |
2,313 |
1,808 |
1,893 |
1,909 |
1,857 |
-52 |
6.0 |
4.7 |
4.9 |
4.9 |
4.8 |
-0.1 |
|
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.
|
Table 2. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted
| Industry and region |
Levels (in thousands) |
Rates |
Jan.
2023 |
Oct.
2023 |
Nov.
2023 |
Dec.
2023 |
Jan.
2024 |
Change from:
Dec. 2023 -
Jan. 2024 |
Jan.
2023 |
Oct.
2023 |
Nov.
2023 |
Dec.
2023 |
Jan.
2024 |
Change from:
Dec. 2023 -
Jan. 2024 |
Total |
6,374 |
5,814 |
5,569 |
5,787 |
5,687 |
-100 |
4.1 |
3.7 |
3.5 |
3.7 |
3.6 |
-0.1 |
INDUSTRY |
|
Total private |
5,932 |
5,429 |
5,205 |
5,384 |
5,323 |
-61 |
4.5 |
4.1 |
3.9 |
4.0 |
4.0 |
0.0 |
Mining and logging |
26 |
21 |
19 |
18 |
23 |
5 |
4.1 |
3.3 |
3.0 |
2.8 |
3.6 |
0.8 |
Construction |
386 |
381 |
367 |
357 |
380 |
23 |
4.9 |
4.7 |
4.5 |
4.4 |
4.7 |
0.3 |
Manufacturing |
429 |
377 |
352 |
371 |
394 |
23 |
3.3 |
2.9 |
2.7 |
2.9 |
3.0 |
0.1 |
Durable goods |
226 |
205 |
199 |
199 |
222 |
23 |
2.8 |
2.5 |
2.4 |
2.4 |
2.7 |
0.3 |
Nondurable goods |
203 |
172 |
153 |
172 |
172 |
0 |
4.2 |
3.6 |
3.2 |
3.6 |
3.6 |
0.0 |
Trade, transportation, and utilities |
1,393 |
1,137 |
1,090 |
1,110 |
1,068 |
-42 |
4.8 |
3.9 |
3.8 |
3.8 |
3.7 |
-0.1 |
Wholesale trade |
176 |
158 |
153 |
180 |
170 |
-10 |
2.9 |
2.6 |
2.5 |
2.9 |
2.8 |
-0.1 |
Retail trade |
829 |
671 |
638 |
628 |
618 |
-10 |
5.3 |
4.3 |
4.1 |
4.0 |
3.9 |
-0.1 |
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities |
388 |
308 |
300 |
302 |
280 |
-22 |
5.4 |
4.3 |
4.2 |
4.2 |
3.9 |
-0.3 |
Information |
69 |
50 |
70 |
83 |
82 |
-1 |
2.3 |
1.7 |
2.4 |
2.8 |
2.7 |
-0.1 |
Financial activities |
218 |
206 |
201 |
209 |
211 |
2 |
2.4 |
2.2 |
2.2 |
2.3 |
2.3 |
0.0 |
Finance and insurance |
126 |
128 |
125 |
123 |
127 |
4 |
1.9 |
1.9 |
1.9 |
1.8 |
1.9 |
0.1 |
Real estate and rental and leasing |
92 |
78 |
76 |
86 |
84 |
-2 |
3.8 |
3.1 |
3.1 |
3.4 |
3.4 |
0.0 |
Professional and business services |
1,083 |
1,116 |
964 |
1,086 |
1,101 |
15 |
4.8 |
4.9 |
4.2 |
4.7 |
4.8 |
0.1 |
Private education and health services |
936 |
894 |
934 |
872 |
799 |
-73 |
3.8 |
3.5 |
3.6 |
3.4 |
3.1 |
-0.3 |
Private educational services |
114 |
98 |
94 |
100 |
85 |
-15 |
3.0 |
2.6 |
2.4 |
2.6 |
2.2 |
-0.4 |
Health care and social assistance |
822 |
796 |
840 |
772 |
714 |
-58 |
3.9 |
3.7 |
3.8 |
3.5 |
3.2 |
-0.3 |
Leisure and hospitality |
1,178 |
1,047 |
993 |
1,068 |
1,046 |
-22 |
7.2 |
6.2 |
5.9 |
6.4 |
6.2 |
-0.2 |
Arts, entertainment, and recreation |
178 |
165 |
150 |
185 |
173 |
-12 |
7.4 |
6.4 |
5.8 |
7.1 |
6.6 |
-0.5 |
Accommodation and food services |
1,000 |
882 |
844 |
883 |
873 |
-10 |
7.2 |
6.2 |
5.9 |
6.2 |
6.1 |
-0.1 |
Other services |
214 |
200 |
214 |
210 |
219 |
9 |
3.7 |
3.4 |
3.6 |
3.6 |
3.7 |
0.1 |
Government |
442 |
385 |
364 |
403 |
364 |
-39 |
2.0 |
1.7 |
1.6 |
1.7 |
1.6 |
-0.1 |
Federal |
43 |
42 |
37 |
43 |
43 |
0 |
1.5 |
1.4 |
1.3 |
1.4 |
1.4 |
0.0 |
State and local |
399 |
343 |
327 |
361 |
322 |
-39 |
2.0 |
1.7 |
1.6 |
1.8 |
1.6 |
-0.2 |
State and local education |
219 |
179 |
165 |
180 |
143 |
-37 |
2.1 |
1.7 |
1.5 |
1.7 |
1.3 |
-0.4 |
State and local, excluding education |
180 |
164 |
162 |
181 |
179 |
-2 |
2.0 |
1.7 |
1.7 |
1.9 |
1.9 |
0.0 |
|
REGION |
|
Northeast |
934 |
886 |
892 |
852 |
906 |
54 |
3.4 |
3.2 |
3.2 |
3.0 |
3.2 |
0.2 |
South |
2,604 |
2,391 |
2,368 |
2,557 |
2,400 |
-157 |
4.5 |
4.1 |
4.0 |
4.3 |
4.1 |
-0.2 |
Midwest |
1,353 |
1,244 |
1,173 |
1,127 |
1,167 |
40 |
4.1 |
3.7 |
3.5 |
3.4 |
3.5 |
0.1 |
West |
1,482 |
1,293 |
1,137 |
1,251 |
1,215 |
-36 |
4.1 |
3.5 |
3.1 |
3.4 |
3.3 |
-0.1 |
|
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.
|
Table 3. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted
| Industry and region |
Levels (in thousands) |
Rates |
Jan.
2023 |
Oct.
2023 |
Nov.
2023 |
Dec.
2023 |
Jan.
2024 |
Change from:
Dec. 2023 -
Jan. 2024 |
Jan.
2023 |
Oct.
2023 |
Nov.
2023 |
Dec.
2023 |
Jan.
2024 |
Change from:
Dec. 2023 -
Jan. 2024 |
Total |
6,017 |
5,630 |
5,413 |
5,419 |
5,341 |
-78 |
3.9 |
3.6 |
3.4 |
3.4 |
3.4 |
0.0 |
INDUSTRY |
|
Total private |
5,671 |
5,325 |
5,075 |
5,060 |
5,020 |
-40 |
4.3 |
4.0 |
3.8 |
3.8 |
3.7 |
-0.1 |
Mining and logging |
23 |
23 |
24 |
19 |
24 |
5 |
3.7 |
3.6 |
3.7 |
2.9 |
3.7 |
0.8 |
Construction |
349 |
349 |
342 |
335 |
372 |
37 |
4.4 |
4.3 |
4.2 |
4.1 |
4.6 |
0.5 |
Manufacturing |
421 |
371 |
352 |
364 |
363 |
-1 |
3.3 |
2.9 |
2.7 |
2.8 |
2.8 |
0.0 |
Durable goods |
219 |
206 |
194 |
192 |
206 |
14 |
2.7 |
2.5 |
2.4 |
2.4 |
2.5 |
0.1 |
Nondurable goods |
202 |
165 |
157 |
172 |
158 |
-14 |
4.2 |
3.4 |
3.3 |
3.6 |
3.3 |
-0.3 |
Trade, transportation, and utilities |
1,451 |
1,108 |
1,122 |
1,058 |
1,024 |
-34 |
5.0 |
3.8 |
3.9 |
3.7 |
3.5 |
-0.2 |
Wholesale trade |
161 |
148 |
141 |
173 |
167 |
-6 |
2.6 |
2.4 |
2.3 |
2.8 |
2.7 |
-0.1 |
Retail trade |
797 |
655 |
648 |
584 |
547 |
-37 |
5.1 |
4.2 |
4.2 |
3.7 |
3.5 |
-0.2 |
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities |
494 |
305 |
333 |
300 |
310 |
10 |
6.9 |
4.3 |
4.7 |
4.2 |
4.3 |
0.1 |
Information |
103 |
68 |
76 |
67 |
75 |
8 |
3.3 |
2.3 |
2.5 |
2.2 |
2.5 |
0.3 |
Financial activities |
208 |
217 |
217 |
203 |
191 |
-12 |
2.3 |
2.4 |
2.3 |
2.2 |
2.1 |
-0.1 |
Finance and insurance |
115 |
143 |
145 |
124 |
115 |
-9 |
1.7 |
2.1 |
2.2 |
1.8 |
1.7 |
-0.1 |
Real estate and rental and leasing |
93 |
74 |
71 |
80 |
75 |
-5 |
3.8 |
3.0 |
2.9 |
3.2 |
3.0 |
-0.2 |
Professional and business services |
1,091 |
1,148 |
981 |
1,054 |
1,089 |
35 |
4.8 |
5.0 |
4.3 |
4.6 |
4.7 |
0.1 |
Private education and health services |
769 |
827 |
796 |
755 |
667 |
-88 |
3.1 |
3.2 |
3.1 |
2.9 |
2.6 |
-0.3 |
Private educational services |
74 |
105 |
86 |
86 |
83 |
-3 |
1.9 |
2.7 |
2.2 |
2.2 |
2.2 |
0.0 |
Health care and social assistance |
695 |
722 |
711 |
669 |
583 |
-86 |
3.3 |
3.3 |
3.2 |
3.0 |
2.6 |
-0.4 |
Leisure and hospitality |
1,050 |
1,014 |
982 |
1,003 |
987 |
-16 |
6.4 |
6.1 |
5.9 |
6.0 |
5.9 |
-0.1 |
Arts, entertainment, and recreation |
158 |
131 |
138 |
158 |
145 |
-13 |
6.5 |
5.1 |
5.4 |
6.1 |
5.5 |
-0.6 |
Accommodation and food services |
892 |
883 |
844 |
845 |
843 |
-2 |
6.4 |
6.2 |
5.9 |
5.9 |
5.9 |
0.0 |
Other services |
207 |
202 |
183 |
202 |
229 |
27 |
3.6 |
3.4 |
3.1 |
3.4 |
3.9 |
0.5 |
Government |
347 |
305 |
338 |
360 |
321 |
-39 |
1.5 |
1.3 |
1.5 |
1.6 |
1.4 |
-0.2 |
Federal |
36 |
36 |
38 |
39 |
31 |
-8 |
1.2 |
1.2 |
1.3 |
1.3 |
1.0 |
-0.3 |
State and local |
311 |
269 |
301 |
321 |
290 |
-31 |
1.6 |
1.3 |
1.5 |
1.6 |
1.4 |
-0.2 |
State and local education |
157 |
134 |
159 |
164 |
139 |
-25 |
1.5 |
1.3 |
1.5 |
1.5 |
1.3 |
-0.2 |
State and local, excluding education |
154 |
136 |
141 |
156 |
151 |
-5 |
1.7 |
1.4 |
1.5 |
1.7 |
1.6 |
-0.1 |
|
REGION |
|
Northeast |
903 |
1,010 |
864 |
830 |
835 |
5 |
3.3 |
3.6 |
3.1 |
3.0 |
3.0 |
0.0 |
South |
2,533 |
2,340 |
2,138 |
2,215 |
2,201 |
-14 |
4.4 |
4.0 |
3.6 |
3.8 |
3.7 |
-0.1 |
Midwest |
1,227 |
1,095 |
1,160 |
1,132 |
1,098 |
-34 |
3.7 |
3.3 |
3.5 |
3.4 |
3.3 |
-0.1 |
West |
1,354 |
1,186 |
1,252 |
1,243 |
1,206 |
-37 |
3.7 |
3.2 |
3.4 |
3.4 |
3.3 |
-0.1 |
|
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.
|
Table 4. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted
| Industry and region |
Levels (in thousands) |
Rates |
Jan.
2023 |
Oct.
2023 |
Nov.
2023 |
Dec.
2023 |
Jan.
2024 |
Change from:
Dec. 2023 -
Jan. 2024 |
Jan.
2023 |
Oct.
2023 |
Nov.
2023 |
Dec.
2023 |
Jan.
2024 |
Change from:
Dec. 2023 -
Jan. 2024 |
Total |
3,882 |
3,634 |
3,516 |
3,439 |
3,385 |
-54 |
2.5 |
2.3 |
2.2 |
2.2 |
2.1 |
-0.1 |
INDUSTRY |
|
Total private |
3,684 |
3,453 |
3,319 |
3,237 |
3,189 |
-48 |
2.8 |
2.6 |
2.5 |
2.4 |
2.4 |
0.0 |
Mining and logging |
16 |
14 |
15 |
11 |
10 |
-1 |
2.6 |
2.1 |
2.3 |
1.8 |
1.6 |
-0.2 |
Construction |
184 |
171 |
162 |
149 |
148 |
-1 |
2.3 |
2.1 |
2.0 |
1.8 |
1.8 |
0.0 |
Manufacturing |
284 |
225 |
220 |
233 |
224 |
-9 |
2.2 |
1.7 |
1.7 |
1.8 |
1.7 |
-0.1 |
Durable goods |
148 |
126 |
126 |
123 |
131 |
8 |
1.8 |
1.6 |
1.6 |
1.5 |
1.6 |
0.1 |
Nondurable goods |
136 |
98 |
94 |
110 |
93 |
-17 |
2.8 |
2.0 |
2.0 |
2.3 |
1.9 |
-0.4 |
Trade, transportation, and utilities |
949 |
750 |
739 |
684 |
637 |
-47 |
3.3 |
2.6 |
2.6 |
2.4 |
2.2 |
-0.2 |
Wholesale trade |
101 |
88 |
73 |
122 |
100 |
-22 |
1.7 |
1.4 |
1.2 |
2.0 |
1.6 |
-0.4 |
Retail trade |
616 |
478 |
461 |
408 |
363 |
-45 |
4.0 |
3.1 |
3.0 |
2.6 |
2.3 |
-0.3 |
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities |
233 |
184 |
205 |
154 |
173 |
19 |
3.2 |
2.6 |
2.9 |
2.2 |
2.4 |
0.2 |
Information |
44 |
41 |
42 |
28 |
51 |
23 |
1.4 |
1.4 |
1.4 |
0.9 |
1.7 |
0.8 |
Financial activities |
142 |
129 |
126 |
134 |
119 |
-15 |
1.6 |
1.4 |
1.4 |
1.5 |
1.3 |
-0.2 |
Finance and insurance |
94 |
91 |
85 |
83 |
82 |
-1 |
1.4 |
1.4 |
1.3 |
1.2 |
1.2 |
0.0 |
Real estate and rental and leasing |
48 |
38 |
41 |
52 |
36 |
-16 |
2.0 |
1.5 |
1.6 |
2.1 |
1.4 |
-0.7 |
Professional and business services |
536 |
677 |
594 |
594 |
570 |
-24 |
2.4 |
3.0 |
2.6 |
2.6 |
2.5 |
-0.1 |
Private education and health services |
595 |
594 |
572 |
540 |
492 |
-48 |
2.4 |
2.3 |
2.2 |
2.1 |
1.9 |
-0.2 |
Private educational services |
39 |
72 |
58 |
62 |
59 |
-3 |
1.0 |
1.9 |
1.5 |
1.6 |
1.5 |
-0.1 |
Health care and social assistance |
556 |
522 |
514 |
478 |
433 |
-45 |
2.6 |
2.4 |
2.3 |
2.2 |
2.0 |
-0.2 |
Leisure and hospitality |
807 |
742 |
739 |
738 |
781 |
43 |
4.9 |
4.4 |
4.4 |
4.4 |
4.6 |
0.2 |
Arts, entertainment, and recreation |
91 |
63 |
69 |
77 |
70 |
-7 |
3.8 |
2.5 |
2.7 |
3.0 |
2.7 |
-0.3 |
Accommodation and food services |
716 |
679 |
670 |
660 |
711 |
51 |
5.1 |
4.8 |
4.7 |
4.6 |
5.0 |
0.4 |
Other services |
126 |
111 |
110 |
125 |
158 |
33 |
2.2 |
1.9 |
1.9 |
2.1 |
2.7 |
0.6 |
Government |
198 |
181 |
197 |
203 |
195 |
-8 |
0.9 |
0.8 |
0.9 |
0.9 |
0.8 |
-0.1 |
Federal |
18 |
16 |
17 |
18 |
15 |
-3 |
0.6 |
0.5 |
0.6 |
0.6 |
0.5 |
-0.1 |
State and local |
180 |
165 |
180 |
185 |
180 |
-5 |
0.9 |
0.8 |
0.9 |
0.9 |
0.9 |
0.0 |
State and local education |
96 |
78 |
97 |
101 |
93 |
-8 |
0.9 |
0.7 |
0.9 |
0.9 |
0.9 |
0.0 |
State and local, excluding education |
84 |
87 |
83 |
84 |
88 |
4 |
0.9 |
0.9 |
0.9 |
0.9 |
0.9 |
0.0 |
|
REGION |
|
Northeast |
506 |
523 |
510 |
510 |
519 |
9 |
1.8 |
1.9 |
1.8 |
1.8 |
1.9 |
0.1 |
South |
1,648 |
1,606 |
1,448 |
1,493 |
1,467 |
-26 |
2.8 |
2.7 |
2.5 |
2.5 |
2.5 |
0.0 |
Midwest |
801 |
748 |
793 |
698 |
663 |
-35 |
2.4 |
2.2 |
2.4 |
2.1 |
2.0 |
-0.1 |
West |
927 |
757 |
765 |
738 |
736 |
-2 |
2.6 |
2.1 |
2.1 |
2.0 |
2.0 |
0.0 |
|
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.
|
Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted
| Industry and region |
Levels (in thousands) |
Rates |
Jan.
2023 |
Oct.
2023 |
Nov.
2023 |
Dec.
2023 |
Jan.
2024 |
Change from:
Dec. 2023 -
Jan. 2024 |
Jan.
2023 |
Oct.
2023 |
Nov.
2023 |
Dec.
2023 |
Jan.
2024 |
Change from:
Dec. 2023 -
Jan. 2024 |
Total |
1,868 |
1,653 |
1,546 |
1,607 |
1,572 |
-35 |
1.2 |
1.1 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
0.0 |
INDUSTRY |
|
Total private |
1,774 |
1,570 |
1,462 |
1,508 |
1,507 |
-1 |
1.3 |
1.2 |
1.1 |
1.1 |
1.1 |
0.0 |
Mining and logging |
5 |
7 |
8 |
5 |
12 |
7 |
0.8 |
1.1 |
1.2 |
0.8 |
1.9 |
1.1 |
Construction |
151 |
167 |
171 |
173 |
210 |
37 |
1.9 |
2.1 |
2.1 |
2.1 |
2.6 |
0.5 |
Manufacturing |
115 |
128 |
109 |
110 |
117 |
7 |
0.9 |
1.0 |
0.8 |
0.8 |
0.9 |
0.1 |
Durable goods |
56 |
67 |
53 |
56 |
63 |
7 |
0.7 |
0.8 |
0.7 |
0.7 |
0.8 |
0.1 |
Nondurable goods |
59 |
62 |
55 |
54 |
54 |
0 |
1.2 |
1.3 |
1.1 |
1.1 |
1.1 |
0.0 |
Trade, transportation, and utilities |
452 |
286 |
317 |
318 |
297 |
-21 |
1.6 |
1.0 |
1.1 |
1.1 |
1.0 |
-0.1 |
Wholesale trade |
56 |
53 |
59 |
43 |
48 |
5 |
0.9 |
0.9 |
1.0 |
0.7 |
0.8 |
0.1 |
Retail trade |
151 |
130 |
145 |
142 |
136 |
-6 |
1.0 |
0.8 |
0.9 |
0.9 |
0.9 |
0.0 |
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities |
244 |
102 |
112 |
133 |
113 |
-20 |
3.4 |
1.4 |
1.6 |
1.9 |
1.6 |
-0.3 |
Information |
46 |
15 |
24 |
32 |
17 |
-15 |
1.5 |
0.5 |
0.8 |
1.1 |
0.6 |
-0.5 |
Financial activities |
56 |
63 |
71 |
48 |
65 |
17 |
0.6 |
0.7 |
0.8 |
0.5 |
0.7 |
0.2 |
Finance and insurance |
19 |
34 |
46 |
27 |
28 |
1 |
0.3 |
0.5 |
0.7 |
0.4 |
0.4 |
0.0 |
Real estate and rental and leasing |
37 |
29 |
26 |
22 |
37 |
15 |
1.5 |
1.2 |
1.0 |
0.9 |
1.5 |
0.6 |
Professional and business services |
509 |
397 |
325 |
361 |
446 |
85 |
2.2 |
1.7 |
1.4 |
1.6 |
1.9 |
0.3 |
Private education and health services |
154 |
189 |
166 |
161 |
121 |
-40 |
0.6 |
0.7 |
0.6 |
0.6 |
0.5 |
-0.1 |
Private educational services |
28 |
28 |
23 |
20 |
21 |
1 |
0.7 |
0.7 |
0.6 |
0.5 |
0.5 |
0.0 |
Health care and social assistance |
126 |
161 |
144 |
141 |
99 |
-42 |
0.6 |
0.7 |
0.7 |
0.6 |
0.5 |
-0.1 |
Leisure and hospitality |
222 |
247 |
212 |
239 |
177 |
-62 |
1.4 |
1.5 |
1.3 |
1.4 |
1.1 |
-0.3 |
Arts, entertainment, and recreation |
62 |
65 |
66 |
75 |
72 |
-3 |
2.6 |
2.5 |
2.5 |
2.9 |
2.8 |
-0.1 |
Accommodation and food services |
160 |
182 |
146 |
163 |
104 |
-59 |
1.1 |
1.3 |
1.0 |
1.1 |
0.7 |
-0.4 |
Other services |
65 |
72 |
60 |
61 |
45 |
-16 |
1.1 |
1.2 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
0.8 |
-0.2 |
Government |
93 |
83 |
84 |
99 |
65 |
-34 |
0.4 |
0.4 |
0.4 |
0.4 |
0.3 |
-0.1 |
Federal |
5 |
9 |
8 |
8 |
5 |
-3 |
0.2 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
0.2 |
-0.1 |
State and local |
88 |
74 |
76 |
90 |
61 |
-29 |
0.5 |
0.4 |
0.4 |
0.4 |
0.3 |
-0.1 |
State and local education |
42 |
45 |
42 |
44 |
25 |
-19 |
0.4 |
0.4 |
0.4 |
0.4 |
0.2 |
-0.2 |
State and local, excluding education |
46 |
28 |
34 |
46 |
35 |
-11 |
0.5 |
0.3 |
0.4 |
0.5 |
0.4 |
-0.1 |
|
REGION |
|
Northeast |
345 |
411 |
264 |
245 |
267 |
22 |
1.3 |
1.5 |
0.9 |
0.9 |
1.0 |
0.1 |
South |
786 |
578 |
568 |
589 |
592 |
3 |
1.4 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
0.0 |
Midwest |
376 |
297 |
304 |
358 |
328 |
-30 |
1.1 |
0.9 |
0.9 |
1.1 |
1.0 |
-0.1 |
West |
361 |
367 |
411 |
415 |
384 |
-31 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
1.1 |
1.1 |
1.0 |
-0.1 |
|
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.
|
Table 6. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted
| Industry and region |
Levels (in thousands) |
Rates |
Jan.
2023 |
Oct.
2023 |
Nov.
2023 |
Dec.
2023 |
Jan.
2024 |
Change from:
Dec. 2023 -
Jan. 2024 |
Jan.
2023 |
Oct.
2023 |
Nov.
2023 |
Dec.
2023 |
Jan.
2024 |
Change from:
Dec. 2023 -
Jan. 2024 |
Total |
268 |
344 |
351 |
373 |
384 |
11 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.0 |
INDUSTRY |
|
Total private |
212 |
302 |
294 |
315 |
324 |
9 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.0 |
Mining and logging |
2 |
3 |
1 |
2 |
1 |
-1 |
0.3 |
0.4 |
0.2 |
0.3 |
0.2 |
-0.1 |
Construction |
14 |
10 |
9 |
13 |
13 |
0 |
0.2 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.0 |
Manufacturing |
22 |
18 |
23 |
21 |
23 |
2 |
0.2 |
0.1 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.0 |
Durable goods |
15 |
13 |
15 |
12 |
12 |
0 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.0 |
Nondurable goods |
7 |
5 |
8 |
9 |
10 |
1 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.0 |
Trade, transportation, and utilities |
50 |
72 |
67 |
55 |
90 |
35 |
0.2 |
0.3 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.3 |
0.1 |
Wholesale trade |
5 |
7 |
9 |
8 |
19 |
11 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
0.2 |
0.1 |
0.3 |
0.2 |
Retail trade |
29 |
47 |
41 |
35 |
47 |
12 |
0.2 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
0.2 |
0.3 |
0.1 |
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities |
17 |
19 |
16 |
13 |
24 |
11 |
0.2 |
0.3 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.3 |
0.1 |
Information |
13 |
12 |
9 |
6 |
6 |
0 |
0.4 |
0.4 |
0.3 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.0 |
Financial activities |
9 |
25 |
19 |
21 |
7 |
-14 |
0.1 |
0.3 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.1 |
-0.1 |
Finance and insurance |
2 |
18 |
14 |
14 |
5 |
-9 |
0.0 |
0.3 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.1 |
-0.1 |
Real estate and rental and leasing |
7 |
8 |
5 |
7 |
2 |
-5 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
0.2 |
0.3 |
0.1 |
-0.2 |
Professional and business services |
45 |
73 |
63 |
99 |
74 |
-25 |
0.2 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
0.4 |
0.3 |
-0.1 |
Private education and health services |
20 |
44 |
58 |
54 |
54 |
0 |
0.1 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.0 |
Private educational services |
7 |
4 |
6 |
3 |
3 |
0 |
0.2 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
0.0 |
Health care and social assistance |
13 |
40 |
53 |
50 |
51 |
1 |
0.1 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.0 |
Leisure and hospitality |
22 |
25 |
31 |
27 |
30 |
3 |
0.1 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.0 |
Arts, entertainment, and recreation |
4 |
3 |
3 |
5 |
2 |
-3 |
0.2 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
0.2 |
0.1 |
-0.1 |
Accommodation and food services |
17 |
22 |
28 |
21 |
27 |
6 |
0.1 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.0 |
Other services |
16 |
19 |
13 |
17 |
26 |
9 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
0.2 |
0.3 |
0.4 |
0.1 |
Government |
55 |
41 |
57 |
58 |
60 |
2 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
0.0 |
Federal |
13 |
11 |
13 |
12 |
11 |
-1 |
0.4 |
0.4 |
0.4 |
0.4 |
0.4 |
0.0 |
State and local |
42 |
30 |
44 |
46 |
49 |
3 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.0 |
State and local education |
19 |
10 |
20 |
19 |
21 |
2 |
0.2 |
0.1 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.0 |
State and local, excluding education |
24 |
21 |
24 |
27 |
28 |
1 |
0.3 |
0.2 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
0.0 |
|
REGION |
|
Northeast |
52 |
76 |
90 |
76 |
49 |
-27 |
0.2 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
0.2 |
-0.1 |
South |
99 |
156 |
123 |
133 |
142 |
9 |
0.2 |
0.3 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.0 |
Midwest |
50 |
50 |
63 |
75 |
107 |
32 |
0.2 |
0.1 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.3 |
0.1 |
West |
67 |
62 |
75 |
89 |
86 |
-3 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.0 |
|
NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.
|
Table 7. Job openings, hires, and separations levels and rates by establishment size class, seasonally adjusted
| Establishment size class |
Levels (in thousands) |
Rates |
Jan.
2023 |
Oct.
2023 |
Nov.
2023 |
Dec.
2023 |
Jan.
2024 |
Change from:
Dec. 2023 -
Jan. 2024 |
Jan.
2023 |
Oct.
2023 |
Nov.
2023 |
Dec.
2023 |
Jan.
2024 |
Change from:
Dec. 2023 -
Jan. 2024 |
JOB OPENINGS |
|
Total private |
9,348 |
7,718 |
7,932 |
7,884 |
7,963 |
79 |
6.6 |
5.4 |
5.6 |
5.5 |
5.6 |
0.1 |
1 to 9 employees |
1,810 |
1,681 |
1,734 |
1,885 |
1,966 |
81 |
7.7 |
7.3 |
7.5 |
7.7 |
8.0 |
0.3 |
10 to 49 employees |
2,883 |
2,182 |
2,352 |
2,070 |
2,206 |
136 |
6.2 |
5.0 |
5.3 |
4.8 |
5.1 |
0.3 |
50 to 249 employees |
2,679 |
2,061 |
1,935 |
2,068 |
1,973 |
-95 |
6.6 |
5.0 |
4.8 |
5.1 |
5.0 |
-0.1 |
250 to 999 employees |
1,020 |
1,002 |
1,083 |
1,018 |
1,021 |
3 |
5.8 |
5.1 |
5.4 |
5.1 |
4.9 |
-0.2 |
1,000 to 4,999 employees |
649 |
566 |
589 |
577 |
549 |
-28 |
7.0 |
5.9 |
6.4 |
6.1 |
6.1 |
0.0 |
5,000 or more employees |
307 |
226 |
240 |
266 |
247 |
-19 |
7.0 |
5.0 |
4.9 |
5.6 |
4.9 |
-0.7 |
HIRES |
|
Total private |
5,932 |
5,429 |
5,205 |
5,384 |
5,323 |
-61 |
4.5 |
4.1 |
3.9 |
4.0 |
4.0 |
0.0 |
1 to 9 employees |
841 |
857 |
947 |
981 |
886 |
-95 |
3.9 |
4.0 |
4.4 |
4.3 |
3.9 |
-0.4 |
10 to 49 employees |
1,919 |
1,604 |
1,516 |
1,600 |
1,660 |
60 |
4.4 |
3.9 |
3.6 |
3.9 |
4.0 |
0.1 |
50 to 249 employees |
1,965 |
1,767 |
1,531 |
1,681 |
1,627 |
-54 |
5.2 |
4.5 |
4.0 |
4.4 |
4.3 |
-0.1 |
250 to 999 employees |
812 |
795 |
803 |
735 |
748 |
13 |
4.9 |
4.3 |
4.3 |
3.9 |
3.8 |
-0.1 |
1,000 to 4,999 employees |
320 |
326 |
329 |
306 |
321 |
15 |
3.7 |
3.6 |
3.8 |
3.5 |
3.8 |
0.3 |
5,000 or more employees |
74 |
79 |
79 |
82 |
80 |
-2 |
1.8 |
1.8 |
1.7 |
1.8 |
1.7 |
-0.1 |
TOTAL SEPARATIONS |
|
Total private |
5,671 |
5,325 |
5,075 |
5,060 |
5,020 |
-40 |
4.3 |
4.0 |
3.8 |
3.8 |
3.7 |
-0.1 |
1 to 9 employees |
726 |
800 |
725 |
745 |
815 |
70 |
3.3 |
3.7 |
3.4 |
3.3 |
3.6 |
0.3 |
10 to 49 employees |
2,026 |
1,577 |
1,595 |
1,622 |
1,584 |
-38 |
4.7 |
3.8 |
3.8 |
4.0 |
3.9 |
-0.1 |
50 to 249 employees |
1,780 |
1,759 |
1,584 |
1,596 |
1,520 |
-76 |
4.7 |
4.5 |
4.1 |
4.2 |
4.0 |
-0.2 |
250 to 999 employees |
717 |
777 |
787 |
728 |
773 |
45 |
4.3 |
4.2 |
4.2 |
3.8 |
3.9 |
0.1 |
1,000 to 4,999 employees |
359 |
358 |
317 |
308 |
263 |
-45 |
4.1 |
4.0 |
3.7 |
3.5 |
3.1 |
-0.4 |
5,000 or more employees |
63 |
54 |
67 |
60 |
65 |
5 |
1.5 |
1.2 |
1.4 |
1.3 |
1.4 |
0.1 |
QUITS |
|
Total private |
3,684 |
3,453 |
3,319 |
3,237 |
3,189 |
-48 |
2.8 |
2.6 |
2.5 |
2.4 |
2.4 |
0.0 |
1 to 9 employees |
371 |
502 |
453 |
483 |
516 |
33 |
1.7 |
2.3 |
2.1 |
2.1 |
2.3 |
0.2 |
10 to 49 employees |
1,393 |
1,070 |
1,118 |
1,076 |
1,096 |
20 |
3.2 |
2.6 |
2.6 |
2.6 |
2.7 |
0.1 |
50 to 249 employees |
1,223 |
1,113 |
1,049 |
1,051 |
929 |
-122 |
3.2 |
2.8 |
2.7 |
2.8 |
2.5 |
-0.3 |
250 to 999 employees |
452 |
511 |
477 |
424 |
454 |
30 |
2.7 |
2.7 |
2.5 |
2.2 |
2.3 |
0.1 |
1,000 to 4,999 employees |
203 |
225 |
179 |
164 |
153 |
-11 |
2.3 |
2.5 |
2.1 |
1.9 |
1.8 |
-0.1 |
5,000 or more employees |
41 |
32 |
44 |
40 |
40 |
0 |
1.0 |
0.7 |
0.9 |
0.9 |
0.8 |
-0.1 |
LAYOFFS AND DISCHARGES |
|
Total private |
1,774 |
1,570 |
1,462 |
1,508 |
1,507 |
-1 |
1.3 |
1.2 |
1.1 |
1.1 |
1.1 |
0.0 |
1 to 9 employees |
309 |
226 |
240 |
179 |
231 |
52 |
1.4 |
1.1 |
1.1 |
0.8 |
1.0 |
0.2 |
10 to 49 employees |
581 |
409 |
348 |
445 |
353 |
-92 |
1.3 |
1.0 |
0.8 |
1.1 |
0.9 |
-0.2 |
50 to 249 employees |
507 |
572 |
466 |
480 |
528 |
48 |
1.3 |
1.5 |
1.2 |
1.3 |
1.4 |
0.1 |
250 to 999 employees |
228 |
240 |
271 |
268 |
287 |
19 |
1.4 |
1.3 |
1.4 |
1.4 |
1.4 |
0.0 |
1,000 to 4,999 employees |
136 |
110 |
121 |
123 |
91 |
-32 |
1.6 |
1.2 |
1.4 |
1.4 |
1.1 |
-0.3 |
5,000 or more employees |
14 |
13 |
16 |
14 |
16 |
2 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
0.0 |
OTHER SEPARATIONS |
|
Total private |
212 |
302 |
294 |
315 |
324 |
9 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.0 |
1 to 9 employees |
46 |
73 |
31 |
83 |
67 |
-16 |
0.2 |
0.3 |
0.1 |
0.4 |
0.3 |
-0.1 |
10 to 49 employees |
52 |
98 |
129 |
101 |
134 |
33 |
0.1 |
0.2 |
0.3 |
0.2 |
0.3 |
0.1 |
50 to 249 employees |
50 |
75 |
70 |
65 |
64 |
-1 |
0.1 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.0 |
250 to 999 employees |
36 |
26 |
39 |
37 |
32 |
-5 |
0.2 |
0.1 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.0 |
1,000 to 4,999 employees |
19 |
24 |
17 |
22 |
19 |
-3 |
0.2 |
0.3 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.0 |
5,000 or more employees |
8 |
8 |
8 |
7 |
9 |
2 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.0 |
|
NOTE: Establishment size class data are produced for the total private sector only.
NOTE: The job openings level is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. The levels for hires, total separations, quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations are the number of each during the entire month. The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of employment plus job openings. The rates for hires, total separations, quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations are the number of each during the entire month as percent of employment.
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.
|
Table 8. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
| Industry and region |
Levels (in thousands) |
Rates |
Jan.
2023 |
Dec.
2023 |
Jan.
2024 |
Jan.
2023 |
Dec.
2023 |
Jan.
2024 |
Total |
10,502 |
8,344 |
8,943 |
6.4 |
5.0 |
5.4 |
INDUSTRY |
|
Total private |
9,470 |
7,364 |
8,086 |
6.8 |
5.2 |
5.7 |
Mining and logging |
32 |
33 |
28 |
4.8 |
4.9 |
4.3 |
Construction |
292 |
384 |
407 |
3.7 |
4.6 |
5.0 |
Manufacturing |
712 |
570 |
608 |
5.2 |
4.2 |
4.5 |
Durable goods |
474 |
404 |
362 |
5.6 |
4.7 |
4.3 |
Nondurable goods |
238 |
166 |
246 |
4.7 |
3.3 |
4.9 |
Trade, transportation, and utilities |
1,660 |
1,260 |
928 |
5.5 |
4.1 |
3.1 |
Wholesale trade |
315 |
203 |
200 |
5.0 |
3.2 |
3.2 |
Retail trade |
735 |
682 |
416 |
4.5 |
4.1 |
2.6 |
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities |
610 |
375 |
312 |
7.8 |
4.8 |
4.2 |
Information |
111 |
179 |
214 |
3.5 |
5.6 |
6.7 |
Financial activities |
488 |
457 |
603 |
5.1 |
4.7 |
6.2 |
Finance and insurance |
350 |
304 |
403 |
5.0 |
4.3 |
5.6 |
Real estate and rental and leasing |
138 |
153 |
201 |
5.4 |
5.8 |
7.5 |
Professional and business services |
2,223 |
1,493 |
1,785 |
9.0 |
6.1 |
7.3 |
Private education and health services |
2,149 |
1,895 |
2,130 |
8.0 |
6.8 |
7.6 |
Private educational services |
217 |
144 |
138 |
5.6 |
3.5 |
3.6 |
Health care and social assistance |
1,933 |
1,752 |
1,992 |
8.4 |
7.4 |
8.3 |
Leisure and hospitality |
1,386 |
829 |
964 |
8.2 |
4.8 |
5.7 |
Arts, entertainment, and recreation |
168 |
106 |
133 |
7.2 |
4.2 |
5.3 |
Accommodation and food services |
1,218 |
723 |
830 |
8.3 |
4.9 |
5.7 |
Other services |
416 |
263 |
418 |
6.8 |
4.3 |
6.7 |
Government |
1,032 |
980 |
858 |
4.4 |
4.0 |
3.6 |
Federal |
173 |
155 |
142 |
5.7 |
5.0 |
4.6 |
State and local |
858 |
825 |
716 |
4.2 |
3.9 |
3.5 |
State and local education |
290 |
259 |
224 |
2.7 |
2.3 |
2.0 |
State and local, excluding education |
568 |
566 |
492 |
5.9 |
5.7 |
5.0 |
|
REGION |
|
Northeast |
1,654 |
1,435 |
1,591 |
5.7 |
4.9 |
5.4 |
South |
4,267 |
3,314 |
3,513 |
6.9 |
5.3 |
5.7 |
Midwest |
2,198 |
1,754 |
1,909 |
6.3 |
5.0 |
5.5 |
West |
2,383 |
1,840 |
1,930 |
6.2 |
4.7 |
5.0 |
|
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.
|
Table 9. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
| Industry and region |
Levels (in thousands) |
Rates |
Jan.
2023 |
Dec.
2023 |
Jan.
2024 |
Jan.
2023 |
Dec.
2023 |
Jan.
2024 |
Total |
6,156 |
4,301 |
5,529 |
4.0 |
2.7 |
3.6 |
INDUSTRY |
|
Total private |
5,748 |
4,048 |
5,197 |
4.4 |
3.0 |
3.9 |
Mining and logging |
26 |
13 |
23 |
4.2 |
2.0 |
3.7 |
Construction |
357 |
215 |
352 |
4.7 |
2.7 |
4.5 |
Manufacturing |
439 |
257 |
408 |
3.4 |
2.0 |
3.2 |
Durable goods |
240 |
138 |
238 |
3.0 |
1.7 |
2.9 |
Nondurable goods |
200 |
119 |
170 |
4.1 |
2.5 |
3.5 |
Trade, transportation, and utilities |
1,211 |
933 |
935 |
4.2 |
3.1 |
3.2 |
Wholesale trade |
188 |
133 |
184 |
3.1 |
2.2 |
3.0 |
Retail trade |
683 |
491 |
507 |
4.4 |
3.1 |
3.2 |
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities |
340 |
308 |
245 |
4.7 |
4.1 |
3.4 |
Information |
80 |
56 |
97 |
2.7 |
1.8 |
3.2 |
Financial activities |
243 |
148 |
238 |
2.7 |
1.6 |
2.6 |
Finance and insurance |
146 |
84 |
147 |
2.2 |
1.2 |
2.2 |
Real estate and rental and leasing |
98 |
63 |
91 |
4.1 |
2.5 |
3.7 |
Professional and business services |
1,152 |
864 |
1,167 |
5.1 |
3.8 |
5.2 |
Private education and health services |
1,004 |
636 |
861 |
4.1 |
2.4 |
3.3 |
Private educational services |
132 |
45 |
103 |
3.6 |
1.1 |
2.8 |
Health care and social assistance |
872 |
591 |
758 |
4.1 |
2.7 |
3.4 |
Leisure and hospitality |
1,028 |
769 |
902 |
6.6 |
4.7 |
5.6 |
Arts, entertainment, and recreation |
124 |
122 |
122 |
5.7 |
5.0 |
5.2 |
Accommodation and food services |
904 |
647 |
780 |
6.7 |
4.6 |
5.7 |
Other services |
209 |
158 |
215 |
3.7 |
2.7 |
3.7 |
Government |
407 |
253 |
332 |
1.8 |
1.1 |
1.4 |
Federal |
38 |
40 |
37 |
1.3 |
1.4 |
1.3 |
State and local |
369 |
213 |
294 |
1.9 |
1.0 |
1.5 |
State and local education |
218 |
89 |
143 |
2.1 |
0.8 |
1.3 |
State and local, excluding education |
151 |
123 |
151 |
1.7 |
1.3 |
1.6 |
|
REGION |
|
Northeast |
846 |
593 |
826 |
3.1 |
2.1 |
3.0 |
South |
2,615 |
1,932 |
2,414 |
4.6 |
3.3 |
4.1 |
Midwest |
1,243 |
856 |
1,080 |
3.8 |
2.5 |
3.3 |
West |
1,453 |
920 |
1,209 |
4.1 |
2.5 |
3.3 |
|
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.
|
Table 10. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
| Industry and region |
Levels (in thousands) |
Rates |
Jan.
2023 |
Dec.
2023 |
Jan.
2024 |
Jan.
2023 |
Dec.
2023 |
Jan.
2024 |
Total |
6,404 |
5,165 |
5,692 |
4.2 |
3.3 |
3.7 |
INDUSTRY |
|
Total private |
6,101 |
4,843 |
5,413 |
4.7 |
3.6 |
4.1 |
Mining and logging |
26 |
16 |
31 |
4.2 |
2.5 |
4.9 |
Construction |
380 |
374 |
402 |
5.0 |
4.6 |
5.2 |
Manufacturing |
413 |
289 |
360 |
3.2 |
2.2 |
2.8 |
Durable goods |
221 |
146 |
210 |
2.7 |
1.8 |
2.6 |
Nondurable goods |
192 |
142 |
151 |
4.0 |
2.9 |
3.2 |
Trade, transportation, and utilities |
1,715 |
1,107 |
1,286 |
6.0 |
3.7 |
4.4 |
Wholesale trade |
176 |
151 |
180 |
2.9 |
2.4 |
2.9 |
Retail trade |
909 |
601 |
650 |
5.9 |
3.7 |
4.2 |
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities |
630 |
355 |
456 |
8.7 |
4.8 |
6.4 |
Information |
120 |
66 |
83 |
4.0 |
2.2 |
2.8 |
Financial activities |
259 |
175 |
239 |
2.9 |
1.9 |
2.6 |
Finance and insurance |
145 |
105 |
145 |
2.2 |
1.6 |
2.2 |
Real estate and rental and leasing |
115 |
70 |
94 |
4.8 |
2.8 |
3.8 |
Professional and business services |
1,142 |
1,071 |
1,129 |
5.1 |
4.7 |
5.0 |
Private education and health services |
830 |
673 |
709 |
3.4 |
2.6 |
2.8 |
Private educational services |
63 |
71 |
70 |
1.7 |
1.8 |
1.9 |
Health care and social assistance |
767 |
602 |
639 |
3.6 |
2.7 |
2.9 |
Leisure and hospitality |
1,009 |
889 |
950 |
6.5 |
5.4 |
5.9 |
Arts, entertainment, and recreation |
147 |
160 |
133 |
6.8 |
6.6 |
5.6 |
Accommodation and food services |
862 |
728 |
817 |
6.4 |
5.2 |
6.0 |
Other services |
205 |
184 |
223 |
3.6 |
3.1 |
3.8 |
Government |
303 |
322 |
279 |
1.4 |
1.4 |
1.2 |
Federal |
38 |
46 |
32 |
1.3 |
1.6 |
1.1 |
State and local |
264 |
276 |
248 |
1.4 |
1.4 |
1.2 |
State and local education |
125 |
129 |
110 |
1.2 |
1.2 |
1.0 |
State and local, excluding education |
139 |
147 |
138 |
1.5 |
1.6 |
1.5 |
|
REGION |
|
Northeast |
992 |
810 |
926 |
3.7 |
2.9 |
3.3 |
South |
2,680 |
2,018 |
2,302 |
4.7 |
3.4 |
3.9 |
Midwest |
1,301 |
1,105 |
1,176 |
4.0 |
3.3 |
3.6 |
West |
1,431 |
1,233 |
1,288 |
4.0 |
3.3 |
3.5 |
|
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.
|
Table 11. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
| Industry and region |
Levels (in thousands) |
Rates |
Jan.
2023 |
Dec.
2023 |
Jan.
2024 |
Jan.
2023 |
Dec.
2023 |
Jan.
2024 |
Total |
3,743 |
2,933 |
3,242 |
2.5 |
1.9 |
2.1 |
INDUSTRY |
|
Total private |
3,578 |
2,776 |
3,079 |
2.7 |
2.1 |
2.3 |
Mining and logging |
16 |
8 |
10 |
2.6 |
1.3 |
1.6 |
Construction |
168 |
124 |
131 |
2.2 |
1.5 |
1.7 |
Manufacturing |
266 |
164 |
212 |
2.1 |
1.3 |
1.6 |
Durable goods |
142 |
84 |
127 |
1.8 |
1.0 |
1.6 |
Nondurable goods |
124 |
80 |
85 |
2.6 |
1.7 |
1.8 |
Trade, transportation, and utilities |
909 |
665 |
604 |
3.2 |
2.2 |
2.1 |
Wholesale trade |
92 |
101 |
92 |
1.5 |
1.6 |
1.5 |
Retail trade |
611 |
395 |
359 |
3.9 |
2.5 |
2.3 |
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities |
206 |
168 |
154 |
2.9 |
2.3 |
2.1 |
Information |
43 |
20 |
52 |
1.4 |
0.7 |
1.7 |
Financial activities |
165 |
107 |
142 |
1.8 |
1.2 |
1.5 |
Finance and insurance |
114 |
66 |
103 |
1.7 |
1.0 |
1.5 |
Real estate and rental and leasing |
51 |
41 |
39 |
2.1 |
1.6 |
1.6 |
Professional and business services |
511 |
509 |
533 |
2.3 |
2.2 |
2.4 |
Private education and health services |
620 |
478 |
510 |
2.5 |
1.8 |
2.0 |
Private educational services |
35 |
51 |
51 |
0.9 |
1.3 |
1.4 |
Health care and social assistance |
585 |
427 |
459 |
2.8 |
1.9 |
2.1 |
Leisure and hospitality |
762 |
600 |
736 |
4.9 |
3.6 |
4.6 |
Arts, entertainment, and recreation |
81 |
61 |
59 |
3.7 |
2.5 |
2.5 |
Accommodation and food services |
681 |
540 |
677 |
5.1 |
3.8 |
4.9 |
Other services |
118 |
100 |
148 |
2.1 |
1.7 |
2.6 |
Government |
165 |
156 |
163 |
0.7 |
0.7 |
0.7 |
Federal |
17 |
18 |
14 |
0.6 |
0.6 |
0.5 |
State and local |
148 |
138 |
149 |
0.8 |
0.7 |
0.7 |
State and local education |
77 |
67 |
73 |
0.7 |
0.6 |
0.7 |
State and local, excluding education |
72 |
71 |
75 |
0.8 |
0.8 |
0.8 |
|
REGION |
|
Northeast |
499 |
425 |
512 |
1.8 |
1.5 |
1.8 |
South |
1,588 |
1,265 |
1,398 |
2.8 |
2.1 |
2.4 |
Midwest |
751 |
588 |
611 |
2.3 |
1.7 |
1.8 |
West |
906 |
655 |
720 |
2.5 |
1.8 |
2.0 |
|
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.
|
Table 12. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
| Industry and region |
Levels (in thousands) |
Rates |
Jan.
2023 |
Dec.
2023 |
Jan.
2024 |
Jan.
2023 |
Dec.
2023 |
Jan.
2024 |
Total |
2,329 |
1,829 |
2,003 |
1.5 |
1.2 |
1.3 |
INDUSTRY |
|
Total private |
2,247 |
1,730 |
1,946 |
1.7 |
1.3 |
1.5 |
Mining and logging |
8 |
6 |
19 |
1.3 |
1.0 |
3.1 |
Construction |
199 |
237 |
259 |
2.6 |
2.9 |
3.3 |
Manufacturing |
116 |
102 |
117 |
0.9 |
0.8 |
0.9 |
Durable goods |
57 |
49 |
64 |
0.7 |
0.6 |
0.8 |
Nondurable goods |
59 |
54 |
53 |
1.2 |
1.1 |
1.1 |
Trade, transportation, and utilities |
747 |
390 |
578 |
2.6 |
1.3 |
2.0 |
Wholesale trade |
79 |
41 |
68 |
1.3 |
0.7 |
1.1 |
Retail trade |
262 |
175 |
236 |
1.7 |
1.1 |
1.5 |
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities |
405 |
174 |
275 |
5.6 |
2.4 |
3.8 |
Information |
58 |
41 |
22 |
1.9 |
1.3 |
0.7 |
Financial activities |
72 |
45 |
83 |
0.8 |
0.5 |
0.9 |
Finance and insurance |
22 |
25 |
32 |
0.3 |
0.4 |
0.5 |
Real estate and rental and leasing |
50 |
20 |
52 |
2.1 |
0.8 |
2.1 |
Professional and business services |
583 |
446 |
516 |
2.6 |
1.9 |
2.3 |
Private education and health services |
173 |
140 |
127 |
0.7 |
0.5 |
0.5 |
Private educational services |
22 |
18 |
16 |
0.6 |
0.5 |
0.4 |
Health care and social assistance |
151 |
122 |
111 |
0.7 |
0.6 |
0.5 |
Leisure and hospitality |
221 |
256 |
177 |
1.4 |
1.6 |
1.1 |
Arts, entertainment, and recreation |
62 |
94 |
71 |
2.8 |
3.9 |
3.0 |
Accommodation and food services |
160 |
162 |
105 |
1.2 |
1.2 |
0.8 |
Other services |
71 |
67 |
47 |
1.2 |
1.2 |
0.8 |
Government |
82 |
99 |
57 |
0.4 |
0.4 |
0.2 |
Federal |
6 |
11 |
5 |
0.2 |
0.4 |
0.2 |
State and local |
75 |
88 |
52 |
0.4 |
0.4 |
0.3 |
State and local education |
34 |
45 |
20 |
0.3 |
0.4 |
0.2 |
State and local, excluding education |
41 |
43 |
32 |
0.5 |
0.5 |
0.3 |
|
REGION |
|
Northeast |
431 |
302 |
358 |
1.6 |
1.1 |
1.3 |
South |
959 |
625 |
727 |
1.7 |
1.1 |
1.2 |
Midwest |
492 |
429 |
444 |
1.5 |
1.3 |
1.3 |
West |
447 |
473 |
474 |
1.2 |
1.3 |
1.3 |
|
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.
|
Table 13. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
| Industry and region |
Levels (in thousands) |
Rates |
Jan.
2023 |
Dec.
2023 |
Jan.
2024 |
Jan.
2023 |
Dec.
2023 |
Jan.
2024 |
Total |
331 |
404 |
447 |
0.2 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
INDUSTRY |
|
Total private |
276 |
336 |
388 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.3 |
Mining and logging |
2 |
2 |
1 |
0.4 |
0.3 |
0.2 |
Construction |
13 |
14 |
13 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
Manufacturing |
31 |
22 |
31 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
Durable goods |
22 |
14 |
19 |
0.3 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
Nondurable goods |
9 |
8 |
12 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
Trade, transportation, and utilities |
59 |
52 |
103 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.4 |
Wholesale trade |
5 |
9 |
21 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
0.3 |
Retail trade |
35 |
31 |
55 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.4 |
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities |
19 |
12 |
28 |
0.3 |
0.2 |
0.4 |
Information |
19 |
5 |
9 |
0.6 |
0.2 |
0.3 |
Financial activities |
22 |
23 |
14 |
0.2 |
0.3 |
0.2 |
Finance and insurance |
9 |
15 |
10 |
0.1 |
0.2 |
0.1 |
Real estate and rental and leasing |
13 |
9 |
4 |
0.6 |
0.3 |
0.2 |
Professional and business services |
49 |
115 |
80 |
0.2 |
0.5 |
0.4 |
Private education and health services |
38 |
54 |
72 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.3 |
Private educational services |
7 |
2 |
3 |
0.2 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
Health care and social assistance |
31 |
52 |
69 |
0.1 |
0.2 |
0.3 |
Leisure and hospitality |
25 |
32 |
37 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
Arts, entertainment, and recreation |
4 |
5 |
2 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.1 |
Accommodation and food services |
21 |
27 |
35 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.3 |
Other services |
17 |
16 |
27 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
0.5 |
Government |
56 |
67 |
60 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
Federal |
15 |
17 |
12 |
0.5 |
0.6 |
0.4 |
State and local |
41 |
50 |
48 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
State and local education |
15 |
17 |
16 |
0.1 |
0.2 |
0.1 |
State and local, excluding education |
26 |
33 |
32 |
0.3 |
0.4 |
0.3 |
|
REGION |
|
Northeast |
61 |
82 |
56 |
0.2 |
0.3 |
0.2 |
South |
133 |
130 |
177 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.3 |
Midwest |
58 |
87 |
120 |
0.2 |
0.3 |
0.4 |
West |
79 |
104 |
94 |
0.2 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
|
NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.
|
Table 14. Job openings, hires, and separations levels and rates by establishment size class, not seasonally adjusted
| Establishment size class |
Levels (in thousands) |
Rates |
Jan.
2023 |
Dec.
2023 |
Jan.
2024 |
Jan.
2023 |
Dec.
2023 |
Jan.
2024 |
JOB OPENINGS |
|
Total private |
9,470 |
7,364 |
8,086 |
6.8 |
5.2 |
5.7 |
1 to 9 employees |
2,152 |
1,695 |
2,314 |
9.1 |
6.9 |
9.4 |
10 to 49 employees |
2,841 |
1,827 |
2,163 |
6.2 |
4.2 |
5.1 |
50 to 249 employees |
2,535 |
1,975 |
1,844 |
6.4 |
4.9 |
4.7 |
250 to 999 employees |
986 |
996 |
978 |
5.7 |
4.9 |
4.8 |
1,000 to 4,999 employees |
653 |
595 |
545 |
7.1 |
6.3 |
6.1 |
5,000 or more employees |
303 |
276 |
242 |
7.0 |
5.8 |
4.9 |
HIRES |
|
Total private |
5,748 |
4,048 |
5,197 |
4.4 |
3.0 |
3.9 |
1 to 9 employees |
1,015 |
718 |
1,080 |
4.7 |
3.1 |
4.8 |
10 to 49 employees |
1,826 |
1,124 |
1,575 |
4.3 |
2.7 |
3.9 |
50 to 249 employees |
1,751 |
1,277 |
1,443 |
4.7 |
3.3 |
3.9 |
250 to 999 employees |
762 |
591 |
697 |
4.7 |
3.1 |
3.6 |
1,000 to 4,999 employees |
315 |
278 |
317 |
3.7 |
3.1 |
3.8 |
5,000 or more employees |
81 |
60 |
85 |
2.0 |
1.3 |
1.8 |
TOTAL SEPARATIONS |
|
Total private |
6,101 |
4,843 |
5,413 |
4.7 |
3.6 |
4.1 |
1 to 9 employees |
928 |
677 |
990 |
4.3 |
3.0 |
4.4 |
10 to 49 employees |
2,053 |
1,555 |
1,604 |
4.8 |
3.8 |
4.0 |
50 to 249 employees |
1,864 |
1,454 |
1,618 |
5.0 |
3.8 |
4.3 |
250 to 999 employees |
734 |
736 |
807 |
4.5 |
3.8 |
4.1 |
1,000 to 4,999 employees |
452 |
361 |
323 |
5.3 |
4.1 |
3.9 |
5,000 or more employees |
69 |
60 |
72 |
1.7 |
1.3 |
1.5 |
QUITS |
|
Total private |
3,578 |
2,776 |
3,079 |
2.7 |
2.1 |
2.3 |
1 to 9 employees |
419 |
399 |
559 |
2.0 |
1.8 |
2.5 |
10 to 49 employees |
1,324 |
897 |
1,030 |
3.1 |
2.2 |
2.5 |
50 to 249 employees |
1,190 |
882 |
894 |
3.2 |
2.3 |
2.4 |
250 to 999 employees |
415 |
385 |
417 |
2.5 |
2.0 |
2.1 |
1,000 to 4,999 employees |
191 |
177 |
141 |
2.2 |
2.0 |
1.7 |
5,000 or more employees |
40 |
36 |
39 |
1.0 |
0.8 |
0.8 |
LAYOFFS AND DISCHARGES |
|
Total private |
2,247 |
1,730 |
1,946 |
1.7 |
1.3 |
1.5 |
1 to 9 employees |
439 |
204 |
341 |
2.0 |
0.9 |
1.5 |
10 to 49 employees |
657 |
555 |
406 |
1.5 |
1.3 |
1.0 |
50 to 249 employees |
616 |
494 |
658 |
1.7 |
1.3 |
1.8 |
250 to 999 employees |
277 |
306 |
355 |
1.7 |
1.6 |
1.8 |
1,000 to 4,999 employees |
241 |
156 |
165 |
2.8 |
1.8 |
2.0 |
5,000 or more employees |
18 |
15 |
21 |
0.4 |
0.3 |
0.5 |
OTHER SEPARATIONS |
|
Total private |
276 |
336 |
388 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.3 |
1 to 9 employees |
71 |
74 |
89 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
0.4 |
10 to 49 employees |
73 |
103 |
168 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.4 |
50 to 249 employees |
57 |
78 |
66 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
250 to 999 employees |
43 |
45 |
35 |
0.3 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
1,000 to 4,999 employees |
20 |
28 |
18 |
0.2 |
0.3 |
0.2 |
5,000 or more employees |
12 |
8 |
12 |
0.3 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
|
NOTE: Establishment size class data are produced for the total private sector only.
NOTE: The job openings level is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. The levels for hires, total separations, quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations are the number of each during the entire month. The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of employment plus job openings. The rates for hires, total separations, quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations are the number of each during the entire month as percent of employment.
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.
|
Table 15. Annual average job openings levels by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
[in thousands]
| Industry and region |
2019 |
2020 |
2021 |
2022 |
2023 |
Total |
7,157 |
6,361 |
9,985 |
11,181 |
9,352 |
INDUSTRY |
|
Total private |
6,433 |
5,644 |
9,073 |
10,136 |
8,324 |
Mining and logging |
27 |
14 |
27 |
36 |
31 |
Construction |
319 |
256 |
345 |
399 |
384 |
Manufacturing |
437 |
410 |
822 |
845 |
613 |
Durable goods |
273 |
227 |
466 |
527 |
392 |
Nondurable goods |
164 |
183 |
355 |
319 |
222 |
Trade, transportation, and utilities |
1,316 |
1,158 |
1,798 |
1,792 |
1,464 |
Wholesale trade |
212 |
171 |
284 |
308 |
267 |
Retail trade |
782 |
680 |
991 |
964 |
722 |
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities |
322 |
306 |
523 |
520 |
475 |
Information |
141 |
111 |
177 |
224 |
144 |
Financial activities |
372 |
324 |
432 |
558 |
481 |
Finance and insurance |
269 |
246 |
313 |
394 |
346 |
Real estate and rental and leasing |
104 |
79 |
119 |
164 |
135 |
Professional and business services |
1,271 |
1,180 |
1,866 |
2,149 |
1,647 |
Private education and health services |
1,306 |
1,198 |
1,788 |
2,172 |
1,925 |
Private educational services |
120 |
103 |
167 |
167 |
170 |
Health care and social assistance |
1,186 |
1,095 |
1,621 |
2,005 |
1,755 |
Leisure and hospitality |
996 |
776 |
1,426 |
1,594 |
1,282 |
Arts, entertainment, and recreation |
121 |
103 |
172 |
183 |
187 |
Accommodation and food services |
875 |
673 |
1,254 |
1,410 |
1,096 |
Other services |
246 |
216 |
392 |
367 |
353 |
Government |
724 |
718 |
912 |
1,045 |
1,029 |
Federal |
121 |
124 |
132 |
137 |
162 |
State and local |
603 |
593 |
780 |
908 |
866 |
State and local education |
223 |
212 |
305 |
333 |
304 |
State and local, excluding education |
380 |
381 |
475 |
575 |
562 |
|
REGION |
|
Northeast |
1,185 |
1,067 |
1,726 |
1,835 |
1,531 |
South |
2,692 |
2,468 |
3,879 |
4,372 |
3,775 |
Midwest |
1,611 |
1,379 |
2,139 |
2,388 |
2,008 |
West |
1,669 |
1,448 |
2,240 |
2,586 |
2,039 |
|
NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.
|
Table 16. Annual average job openings rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
[percent]
| Industry and region |
2019 |
2020 |
2021 |
2022 |
2023 |
Total |
4.5 |
4.3 |
6.4 |
6.8 |
5.7 |
INDUSTRY |
|
Total private |
4.8 |
4.5 |
6.8 |
7.2 |
5.9 |
Mining and logging |
3.6 |
2.2 |
4.6 |
5.7 |
4.6 |
Construction |
4.1 |
3.4 |
4.4 |
4.9 |
4.6 |
Manufacturing |
3.3 |
3.3 |
6.2 |
6.2 |
4.5 |
Durable goods |
3.3 |
2.9 |
5.7 |
6.2 |
4.6 |
Nondurable goods |
3.3 |
3.8 |
7.1 |
6.2 |
4.4 |
Trade, transportation, and utilities |
4.5 |
4.2 |
6.1 |
5.9 |
4.8 |
Wholesale trade |
3.5 |
2.9 |
4.7 |
4.9 |
4.2 |
Retail trade |
4.8 |
4.4 |
6.1 |
5.9 |
4.4 |
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities |
4.9 |
4.7 |
7.2 |
6.8 |
6.2 |
Information |
4.7 |
3.9 |
5.8 |
6.8 |
4.5 |
Financial activities |
4.1 |
3.6 |
4.7 |
5.8 |
5.0 |
Finance and insurance |
4.0 |
3.6 |
4.6 |
5.6 |
4.9 |
Real estate and rental and leasing |
4.3 |
3.4 |
5.0 |
6.5 |
5.2 |
Professional and business services |
5.6 |
5.5 |
8.0 |
8.7 |
6.7 |
Private education and health services |
5.1 |
4.9 |
7.0 |
8.2 |
7.1 |
Private educational services |
3.1 |
2.9 |
4.5 |
4.3 |
4.3 |
Health care and social assistance |
5.5 |
5.2 |
7.5 |
8.9 |
7.5 |
Leisure and hospitality |
5.7 |
5.6 |
9.2 |
9.1 |
7.2 |
Arts, entertainment, and recreation |
4.7 |
5.5 |
8.0 |
7.3 |
6.9 |
Accommodation and food services |
5.8 |
5.6 |
9.3 |
9.5 |
7.2 |
Other services |
4.0 |
3.9 |
6.7 |
6.1 |
5.7 |
Government |
3.1 |
3.2 |
4.0 |
4.5 |
4.3 |
Federal |
4.1 |
4.1 |
4.4 |
4.5 |
5.3 |
State and local |
3.0 |
3.0 |
3.9 |
4.5 |
4.2 |
State and local education |
2.1 |
2.1 |
2.9 |
3.1 |
2.8 |
State and local, excluding education |
3.9 |
4.0 |
5.0 |
6.0 |
5.7 |
|
REGION |
|
Northeast |
4.1 |
4.0 |
6.2 |
6.3 |
5.2 |
South |
4.6 |
4.5 |
6.7 |
7.1 |
6.1 |
Midwest |
4.7 |
4.3 |
6.4 |
6.9 |
5.7 |
West |
4.5 |
4.2 |
6.1 |
6.7 |
5.3 |
|
NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.
|
Table 17. Annual hires levels by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
[in thousands]
| Industry and region |
2019 |
2020 |
2021 |
2022 |
2023 |
Total |
69,959 |
72,555 |
76,170 |
76,816 |
71,024 |
INDUSTRY |
|
Total private |
65,537 |
68,372 |
71,765 |
71,986 |
66,353 |
Mining and logging |
304 |
198 |
229 |
275 |
290 |
Construction |
4,986 |
4,970 |
4,361 |
4,422 |
4,459 |
Manufacturing |
4,051 |
4,815 |
5,351 |
5,508 |
4,770 |
Durable goods |
2,272 |
2,750 |
2,959 |
3,024 |
2,574 |
Nondurable goods |
1,780 |
2,064 |
2,394 |
2,484 |
2,197 |
Trade, transportation, and utilities |
13,905 |
15,445 |
16,187 |
15,576 |
14,234 |
Wholesale trade |
1,777 |
1,812 |
2,130 |
2,200 |
1,952 |
Retail trade |
9,026 |
9,825 |
10,223 |
9,304 |
8,550 |
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities |
3,101 |
3,809 |
3,834 |
4,072 |
3,731 |
Information |
1,135 |
983 |
1,337 |
1,273 |
905 |
Financial activities |
2,653 |
2,656 |
2,744 |
2,904 |
2,462 |
Finance and insurance |
1,681 |
1,667 |
1,822 |
1,908 |
1,522 |
Real estate and rental and leasing |
974 |
988 |
920 |
997 |
941 |
Professional and business services |
13,778 |
13,434 |
15,097 |
14,946 |
12,906 |
Private education and health services |
8,646 |
9,347 |
9,344 |
10,275 |
10,693 |
Private educational services |
1,160 |
1,128 |
1,244 |
1,177 |
1,153 |
Health care and social assistance |
7,489 |
8,219 |
8,101 |
9,099 |
9,541 |
Leisure and hospitality |
13,466 |
13,483 |
14,350 |
14,123 |
13,091 |
Arts, entertainment, and recreation |
1,999 |
1,634 |
1,979 |
2,011 |
2,072 |
Accommodation and food services |
11,467 |
11,849 |
12,370 |
12,111 |
11,017 |
Other services |
2,612 |
3,042 |
2,763 |
2,690 |
2,547 |
Government |
4,421 |
4,183 |
4,405 |
4,828 |
4,671 |
Federal |
502 |
886 |
524 |
501 |
533 |
State and local |
3,921 |
3,297 |
3,883 |
4,330 |
4,139 |
State and local education |
2,029 |
1,643 |
2,080 |
2,136 |
2,131 |
State and local, excluding education |
1,889 |
1,653 |
1,801 |
2,194 |
2,008 |
|
REGION |
|
Northeast |
10,861 |
11,641 |
11,528 |
11,329 |
10,800 |
South |
28,269 |
27,969 |
30,746 |
32,195 |
30,160 |
Midwest |
14,891 |
15,793 |
16,371 |
15,815 |
14,693 |
West |
15,941 |
17,149 |
17,522 |
17,478 |
15,371 |
|
NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.
|
Table 18. Annual average hires rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
[percent]
| Industry and region |
2019 |
2020 |
2021 |
2022 |
2023 |
Total |
3.9 |
4.3 |
4.3 |
4.2 |
3.8 |
INDUSTRY |
|
Total private |
4.3 |
4.7 |
4.8 |
4.6 |
4.1 |
Mining and logging |
3.5 |
2.8 |
3.4 |
3.8 |
3.8 |
Construction |
5.5 |
5.7 |
4.9 |
4.7 |
4.6 |
Manufacturing |
2.6 |
3.3 |
3.6 |
3.6 |
3.1 |
Durable goods |
2.4 |
3.0 |
3.2 |
3.2 |
2.6 |
Nondurable goods |
3.1 |
3.7 |
4.3 |
4.3 |
3.8 |
Trade, transportation, and utilities |
4.2 |
4.8 |
4.9 |
4.5 |
4.1 |
Wholesale trade |
2.5 |
2.7 |
3.1 |
3.1 |
2.7 |
Retail trade |
4.8 |
5.5 |
5.6 |
5.0 |
4.6 |
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities |
4.2 |
5.1 |
4.8 |
4.7 |
4.4 |
Information |
3.3 |
3.0 |
3.9 |
3.5 |
2.5 |
Financial activities |
2.5 |
2.5 |
2.6 |
2.7 |
2.2 |
Finance and insurance |
2.2 |
2.1 |
2.3 |
2.4 |
1.9 |
Real estate and rental and leasing |
3.5 |
3.7 |
3.4 |
3.5 |
3.2 |
Professional and business services |
5.4 |
5.5 |
5.9 |
5.5 |
4.7 |
Private education and health services |
3.0 |
3.3 |
3.3 |
3.5 |
3.5 |
Private educational services |
2.6 |
2.7 |
2.9 |
2.6 |
2.5 |
Health care and social assistance |
3.1 |
3.5 |
3.4 |
3.7 |
3.7 |
Leisure and hospitality |
6.8 |
8.5 |
8.5 |
7.4 |
6.6 |
Arts, entertainment, and recreation |
6.8 |
7.7 |
8.3 |
7.2 |
6.9 |
Accommodation and food services |
6.8 |
8.7 |
8.5 |
7.5 |
6.5 |
Other services |
3.7 |
4.8 |
4.2 |
3.9 |
3.6 |
Government |
1.6 |
1.6 |
1.7 |
1.8 |
1.7 |
Federal |
1.5 |
2.5 |
1.5 |
1.5 |
1.5 |
State and local |
1.7 |
1.4 |
1.7 |
1.9 |
1.7 |
State and local education |
1.6 |
1.4 |
1.7 |
1.7 |
1.7 |
State and local, excluding education |
1.7 |
1.5 |
1.7 |
2.0 |
1.8 |
|
REGION |
|
Northeast |
3.3 |
3.8 |
3.7 |
3.5 |
3.2 |
South |
4.3 |
4.4 |
4.7 |
4.7 |
4.3 |
Midwest |
3.8 |
4.3 |
4.4 |
4.1 |
3.7 |
West |
3.8 |
4.3 |
4.2 |
4.1 |
3.5 |
|
NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.
|
Table 19. Annual total separations levels by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
[in thousands]
| Industry and region |
2019 |
2020 |
2021 |
2022 |
2023 |
Total |
68,039 |
80,898 |
68,886 |
72,231 |
68,062 |
INDUSTRY |
|
Total private |
63,803 |
75,760 |
64,901 |
67,737 |
64,038 |
Mining and logging |
351 |
334 |
209 |
228 |
276 |
Construction |
4,873 |
4,988 |
4,162 |
4,133 |
4,207 |
Manufacturing |
4,043 |
5,373 |
4,979 |
5,144 |
4,740 |
Durable goods |
2,296 |
3,157 |
2,724 |
2,765 |
2,502 |
Nondurable goods |
1,747 |
2,215 |
2,253 |
2,377 |
2,239 |
Trade, transportation, and utilities |
13,702 |
16,126 |
15,045 |
15,101 |
14,120 |
Wholesale trade |
1,740 |
2,109 |
1,901 |
1,959 |
1,860 |
Retail trade |
9,114 |
10,357 |
9,900 |
9,250 |
8,439 |
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities |
2,847 |
3,658 |
3,243 |
3,891 |
3,821 |
Information |
1,104 |
1,166 |
1,075 |
1,151 |
992 |
Financial activities |
2,491 |
2,731 |
2,518 |
2,713 |
2,379 |
Finance and insurance |
1,583 |
1,635 |
1,719 |
1,812 |
1,494 |
Real estate and rental and leasing |
909 |
1,095 |
799 |
903 |
889 |
Professional and business services |
13,518 |
13,923 |
13,743 |
14,261 |
12,727 |
Private education and health services |
8,071 |
10,384 |
8,824 |
9,402 |
9,625 |
Private educational services |
1,118 |
1,473 |
906 |
1,123 |
1,064 |
Health care and social assistance |
6,955 |
8,909 |
7,920 |
8,279 |
8,563 |
Leisure and hospitality |
13,114 |
17,150 |
11,919 |
13,067 |
12,523 |
Arts, entertainment, and recreation |
1,966 |
2,265 |
1,561 |
1,764 |
1,888 |
Accommodation and food services |
11,153 |
14,887 |
10,356 |
11,304 |
10,634 |
Other services |
2,533 |
3,582 |
2,429 |
2,538 |
2,445 |
Government |
4,234 |
5,140 |
3,988 |
4,489 |
4,024 |
Federal |
470 |
826 |
542 |
511 |
451 |
State and local |
3,765 |
4,310 |
3,445 |
3,982 |
3,572 |
State and local education |
1,945 |
2,438 |
1,616 |
1,951 |
1,838 |
State and local, excluding education |
1,822 |
1,876 |
1,828 |
2,033 |
1,734 |
|
REGION |
|
Northeast |
10,394 |
13,514 |
10,090 |
10,443 |
10,067 |
South |
27,024 |
30,246 |
28,255 |
30,252 |
28,626 |
Midwest |
14,408 |
17,983 |
14,858 |
14,769 |
14,258 |
West |
16,211 |
19,159 |
15,684 |
16,766 |
15,111 |
|
NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.
|
Table 20. Annual average total separations rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
[percent]
| Industry and region |
2019 |
2020 |
2021 |
2022 |
2023 |
Total |
3.8 |
4.7 |
3.9 |
3.9 |
3.6 |
INDUSTRY |
|
Total private |
4.1 |
5.3 |
4.4 |
4.3 |
4.0 |
Mining and logging |
4.0 |
4.6 |
3.1 |
3.1 |
3.6 |
Construction |
5.4 |
5.7 |
4.7 |
4.4 |
4.4 |
Manufacturing |
2.6 |
3.7 |
3.4 |
3.3 |
3.1 |
Durable goods |
2.4 |
3.5 |
3.0 |
2.9 |
2.6 |
Nondurable goods |
3.0 |
4.0 |
4.0 |
4.1 |
3.9 |
Trade, transportation, and utilities |
4.1 |
5.0 |
4.5 |
4.4 |
4.1 |
Wholesale trade |
2.5 |
3.1 |
2.8 |
2.7 |
2.5 |
Retail trade |
4.9 |
5.8 |
5.4 |
5.0 |
4.5 |
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities |
3.8 |
4.9 |
4.0 |
4.5 |
4.5 |
Information |
3.2 |
3.6 |
3.1 |
3.1 |
2.7 |
Financial activities |
2.4 |
2.6 |
2.4 |
2.5 |
2.2 |
Finance and insurance |
2.1 |
2.1 |
2.2 |
2.3 |
1.8 |
Real estate and rental and leasing |
3.3 |
4.1 |
2.9 |
3.2 |
3.0 |
Professional and business services |
5.3 |
5.7 |
5.4 |
5.3 |
4.6 |
Private education and health services |
2.8 |
3.7 |
3.1 |
3.2 |
3.2 |
Private educational services |
2.5 |
3.5 |
2.1 |
2.5 |
2.3 |
Health care and social assistance |
2.8 |
3.8 |
3.3 |
3.4 |
3.3 |
Leisure and hospitality |
6.6 |
10.9 |
7.0 |
6.9 |
6.3 |
Arts, entertainment, and recreation |
6.7 |
10.6 |
6.6 |
6.4 |
6.3 |
Accommodation and food services |
6.6 |
10.9 |
7.1 |
7.0 |
6.3 |
Other services |
3.6 |
5.6 |
3.7 |
3.7 |
3.5 |
Government |
1.6 |
1.9 |
1.5 |
1.7 |
1.5 |
Federal |
1.4 |
2.3 |
1.6 |
1.5 |
1.3 |
State and local |
1.6 |
1.9 |
1.5 |
1.7 |
1.5 |
State and local education |
1.5 |
2.0 |
1.3 |
1.6 |
1.5 |
State and local, excluding education |
1.6 |
1.7 |
1.7 |
1.9 |
1.6 |
|
REGION |
|
Northeast |
3.2 |
4.4 |
3.2 |
3.2 |
3.0 |
South |
4.1 |
4.8 |
4.3 |
4.4 |
4.1 |
Midwest |
3.7 |
4.9 |
3.9 |
3.8 |
3.6 |
West |
3.8 |
4.8 |
3.8 |
3.9 |
3.4 |
|
NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.
|
Table 21. Annual quits levels by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
[in thousands]
| Industry and region |
2019 |
2020 |
2021 |
2022 |
2023 |
Total |
42,159 |
35,941 |
47,566 |
50,507 |
44,379 |
INDUSTRY |
|
Total private |
39,919 |
33,603 |
45,201 |
47,785 |
42,015 |
Mining and logging |
180 |
106 |
118 |
154 |
175 |
Construction |
2,082 |
1,602 |
2,124 |
2,215 |
1,979 |
Manufacturing |
2,488 |
2,345 |
3,487 |
3,559 |
3,006 |
Durable goods |
1,396 |
1,274 |
1,895 |
1,896 |
1,560 |
Nondurable goods |
1,091 |
1,068 |
1,594 |
1,662 |
1,446 |
Trade, transportation, and utilities |
8,906 |
8,323 |
11,119 |
11,207 |
9,592 |
Wholesale trade |
1,030 |
1,003 |
1,321 |
1,252 |
1,178 |
Retail trade |
6,229 |
5,657 |
7,745 |
7,338 |
6,179 |
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities |
1,647 |
1,663 |
2,054 |
2,618 |
2,235 |
Information |
553 |
442 |
614 |
612 |
476 |
Financial activities |
1,549 |
1,316 |
1,581 |
1,815 |
1,554 |
Finance and insurance |
1,003 |
903 |
1,046 |
1,187 |
998 |
Real estate and rental and leasing |
545 |
412 |
535 |
627 |
559 |
Professional and business services |
7,768 |
6,632 |
8,595 |
9,022 |
7,266 |
Private education and health services |
5,540 |
5,380 |
6,719 |
7,147 |
7,018 |
Private educational services |
650 |
491 |
603 |
732 |
672 |
Health care and social assistance |
4,891 |
4,891 |
6,114 |
6,414 |
6,348 |
Leisure and hospitality |
9,222 |
6,414 |
9,309 |
10,340 |
9,444 |
Arts, entertainment, and recreation |
942 |
543 |
839 |
903 |
997 |
Accommodation and food services |
8,279 |
5,872 |
8,469 |
9,436 |
8,447 |
Other services |
1,628 |
1,044 |
1,531 |
1,716 |
1,503 |
Government |
2,240 |
2,338 |
2,366 |
2,721 |
2,364 |
Federal |
210 |
238 |
258 |
254 |
212 |
State and local |
2,029 |
2,102 |
2,106 |
2,466 |
2,151 |
State and local education |
1,099 |
1,194 |
1,002 |
1,238 |
1,144 |
State and local, excluding education |
930 |
907 |
1,103 |
1,228 |
1,010 |
|
REGION |
|
Northeast |
5,700 |
4,804 |
6,378 |
6,871 |
5,956 |
South |
17,261 |
15,245 |
19,996 |
21,858 |
19,669 |
Midwest |
9,193 |
8,022 |
10,355 |
10,179 |
9,140 |
West |
10,005 |
7,872 |
10,839 |
11,597 |
9,617 |
|
NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.
|
Table 22. Annual average quits rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
[percent]
| Industry and region |
2019 |
2020 |
2021 |
2022 |
2023 |
Total |
2.3 |
2.1 |
2.7 |
2.8 |
2.4 |
INDUSTRY |
|
Total private |
2.6 |
2.3 |
3.0 |
3.1 |
2.6 |
Mining and logging |
2.1 |
1.5 |
1.8 |
2.1 |
2.3 |
Construction |
2.3 |
1.8 |
2.4 |
2.4 |
2.1 |
Manufacturing |
1.6 |
1.6 |
2.4 |
2.3 |
1.9 |
Durable goods |
1.4 |
1.4 |
2.1 |
2.0 |
1.6 |
Nondurable goods |
1.9 |
1.9 |
2.8 |
2.9 |
2.5 |
Trade, transportation, and utilities |
2.7 |
2.6 |
3.3 |
3.3 |
2.8 |
Wholesale trade |
1.5 |
1.5 |
1.9 |
1.7 |
1.6 |
Retail trade |
3.3 |
3.2 |
4.2 |
3.9 |
3.3 |
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities |
2.2 |
2.2 |
2.6 |
3.0 |
2.6 |
Information |
1.6 |
1.4 |
1.8 |
1.7 |
1.3 |
Financial activities |
1.5 |
1.3 |
1.5 |
1.7 |
1.4 |
Finance and insurance |
1.3 |
1.2 |
1.3 |
1.5 |
1.2 |
Real estate and rental and leasing |
2.0 |
1.6 |
2.0 |
2.2 |
1.9 |
Professional and business services |
3.0 |
2.7 |
3.4 |
3.3 |
2.7 |
Private education and health services |
1.9 |
1.9 |
2.4 |
2.4 |
2.3 |
Private educational services |
1.4 |
1.2 |
1.4 |
1.6 |
1.5 |
Health care and social assistance |
2.0 |
2.1 |
2.5 |
2.6 |
2.5 |
Leisure and hospitality |
4.6 |
4.1 |
5.5 |
5.4 |
4.7 |
Arts, entertainment, and recreation |
3.2 |
2.6 |
3.5 |
3.3 |
3.3 |
Accommodation and food services |
4.9 |
4.3 |
5.8 |
5.8 |
5.0 |
Other services |
2.3 |
1.6 |
2.3 |
2.5 |
2.1 |
Government |
0.8 |
0.9 |
0.9 |
1.0 |
0.9 |
Federal |
0.6 |
0.7 |
0.7 |
0.7 |
0.6 |
State and local |
0.9 |
0.9 |
0.9 |
1.1 |
0.9 |
State and local education |
0.9 |
1.0 |
0.8 |
1.0 |
0.9 |
State and local, excluding education |
0.8 |
0.8 |
1.0 |
1.1 |
0.9 |
|
REGION |
|
Northeast |
1.7 |
1.6 |
2.0 |
2.1 |
1.8 |
South |
2.6 |
2.4 |
3.1 |
3.2 |
2.8 |
Midwest |
2.3 |
2.2 |
2.8 |
2.6 |
2.3 |
West |
2.4 |
2.0 |
2.6 |
2.7 |
2.2 |
|
NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.
|
Table 23. Annual layoffs and discharges levels by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
[in thousands]
| Industry and region |
2019 |
2020 |
2021 |
2022 |
2023 |
Total |
21,878 |
40,847 |
17,082 |
17,622 |
19,759 |
INDUSTRY |
|
Total private |
20,622 |
38,957 |
16,189 |
16,644 |
18,743 |
Mining and logging |
151 |
207 |
73 |
59 |
82 |
Construction |
2,591 |
3,232 |
1,867 |
1,737 |
2,075 |
Manufacturing |
1,312 |
2,754 |
1,205 |
1,247 |
1,480 |
Durable goods |
749 |
1,720 |
650 |
644 |
786 |
Nondurable goods |
564 |
1,031 |
555 |
603 |
696 |
Trade, transportation, and utilities |
4,050 |
7,169 |
3,258 |
3,235 |
3,826 |
Wholesale trade |
609 |
1,030 |
477 |
570 |
575 |
Retail trade |
2,419 |
4,373 |
1,781 |
1,618 |
1,874 |
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities |
1,022 |
1,763 |
999 |
1,048 |
1,375 |
Information |
465 |
660 |
358 |
450 |
390 |
Financial activities |
637 |
1,109 |
525 |
589 |
599 |
Finance and insurance |
321 |
493 |
316 |
372 |
333 |
Real estate and rental and leasing |
317 |
615 |
209 |
216 |
266 |
Professional and business services |
5,049 |
6,464 |
4,251 |
4,374 |
4,662 |
Private education and health services |
2,039 |
4,479 |
1,621 |
1,796 |
2,065 |
Private educational services |
403 |
927 |
247 |
316 |
331 |
Health care and social assistance |
1,637 |
3,551 |
1,373 |
1,481 |
1,731 |
Leisure and hospitality |
3,564 |
10,439 |
2,270 |
2,458 |
2,799 |
Arts, entertainment, and recreation |
983 |
1,694 |
684 |
835 |
844 |
Accommodation and food services |
2,577 |
8,746 |
1,587 |
1,624 |
1,954 |
Other services |
763 |
2,442 |
765 |
696 |
764 |
Government |
1,256 |
1,890 |
892 |
975 |
1,012 |
Federal |
121 |
438 |
121 |
94 |
86 |
State and local |
1,135 |
1,455 |
772 |
883 |
925 |
State and local education |
554 |
821 |
377 |
400 |
466 |
State and local, excluding education |
583 |
631 |
394 |
483 |
460 |
|
REGION |
|
Northeast |
3,973 |
8,053 |
3,011 |
2,913 |
3,353 |
South |
8,256 |
13,485 |
6,587 |
6,776 |
7,481 |
Midwest |
4,423 |
9,100 |
3,620 |
3,813 |
4,341 |
West |
5,226 |
10,207 |
3,859 |
4,120 |
4,582 |
|
NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.
|
Table 24. Annual average layoffs and discharges rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
[percent]
| Industry and region |
2019 |
2020 |
2021 |
2022 |
2023 |
Total |
1.2 |
2.4 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
1.1 |
INDUSTRY |
|
Total private |
1.3 |
2.7 |
1.1 |
1.1 |
1.2 |
Mining and logging |
1.7 |
2.9 |
1.1 |
0.8 |
1.1 |
Construction |
2.9 |
3.7 |
2.1 |
1.9 |
2.2 |
Manufacturing |
0.9 |
1.9 |
0.8 |
0.8 |
1.0 |
Durable goods |
0.8 |
1.9 |
0.7 |
0.7 |
0.8 |
Nondurable goods |
1.0 |
1.9 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
1.2 |
Trade, transportation, and utilities |
1.2 |
2.2 |
1.0 |
0.9 |
1.1 |
Wholesale trade |
0.9 |
1.5 |
0.7 |
0.8 |
0.8 |
Retail trade |
1.3 |
2.5 |
1.0 |
0.9 |
1.0 |
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities |
1.4 |
2.4 |
1.2 |
1.2 |
1.6 |
Information |
1.4 |
2.0 |
1.0 |
1.2 |
1.1 |
Financial activities |
0.6 |
1.1 |
0.5 |
0.5 |
0.5 |
Finance and insurance |
0.4 |
0.6 |
0.4 |
0.5 |
0.4 |
Real estate and rental and leasing |
1.1 |
2.3 |
0.8 |
0.8 |
0.9 |
Professional and business services |
2.0 |
2.7 |
1.7 |
1.6 |
1.7 |
Private education and health services |
0.7 |
1.6 |
0.6 |
0.6 |
0.7 |
Private educational services |
0.9 |
2.2 |
0.6 |
0.7 |
0.7 |
Health care and social assistance |
0.7 |
1.5 |
0.6 |
0.6 |
0.7 |
Leisure and hospitality |
1.8 |
6.6 |
1.3 |
1.3 |
1.4 |
Arts, entertainment, and recreation |
3.4 |
8.0 |
2.9 |
3.0 |
2.8 |
Accommodation and food services |
1.5 |
6.4 |
1.1 |
1.0 |
1.2 |
Other services |
1.1 |
3.8 |
1.2 |
1.0 |
1.1 |
Government |
0.5 |
0.7 |
0.3 |
0.4 |
0.4 |
Federal |
0.4 |
1.2 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
0.2 |
State and local |
0.5 |
0.6 |
0.3 |
0.4 |
0.4 |
State and local education |
0.4 |
0.7 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
0.4 |
State and local, excluding education |
0.5 |
0.6 |
0.4 |
0.4 |
0.4 |
|
REGION |
|
Northeast |
1.2 |
2.6 |
1.0 |
0.9 |
1.0 |
South |
1.2 |
2.1 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
1.1 |
Midwest |
1.1 |
2.5 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
1.1 |
West |
1.2 |
2.6 |
0.9 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
|
NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.
|
Table 25. Annual other separations levels by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
[in thousands]
| Industry and region |
2019 |
2020 |
2021 |
2022 |
2023 |
Total |
3,999 |
4,109 |
4,239 |
4,103 |
3,927 |
INDUSTRY |
|
Total private |
3,262 |
3,200 |
3,511 |
3,308 |
3,280 |
Mining and logging |
17 |
19 |
17 |
16 |
19 |
Construction |
202 |
154 |
170 |
179 |
154 |
Manufacturing |
243 |
279 |
284 |
339 |
252 |
Durable goods |
152 |
165 |
179 |
226 |
155 |
Nondurable goods |
90 |
113 |
104 |
111 |
96 |
Trade, transportation, and utilities |
746 |
632 |
669 |
654 |
702 |
Wholesale trade |
100 |
78 |
101 |
135 |
105 |
Retail trade |
466 |
325 |
376 |
294 |
387 |
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities |
177 |
232 |
190 |
227 |
207 |
Information |
86 |
64 |
102 |
90 |
126 |
Financial activities |
304 |
309 |
411 |
309 |
225 |
Finance and insurance |
258 |
242 |
356 |
249 |
167 |
Real estate and rental and leasing |
45 |
68 |
57 |
58 |
62 |
Professional and business services |
701 |
827 |
896 |
866 |
799 |
Private education and health services |
494 |
523 |
488 |
460 |
543 |
Private educational services |
64 |
55 |
56 |
76 |
60 |
Health care and social assistance |
429 |
467 |
431 |
384 |
481 |
Leisure and hospitality |
331 |
298 |
340 |
270 |
278 |
Arts, entertainment, and recreation |
36 |
28 |
39 |
26 |
48 |
Accommodation and food services |
296 |
266 |
300 |
245 |
233 |
Other services |
141 |
98 |
135 |
125 |
178 |
Government |
740 |
910 |
728 |
795 |
648 |
Federal |
140 |
152 |
161 |
164 |
153 |
State and local |
599 |
755 |
568 |
633 |
493 |
State and local education |
291 |
420 |
235 |
314 |
229 |
State and local, excluding education |
310 |
336 |
332 |
319 |
263 |
|
REGION |
|
Northeast |
722 |
645 |
694 |
656 |
755 |
South |
1,504 |
1,527 |
1,677 |
1,620 |
1,483 |
Midwest |
796 |
862 |
885 |
781 |
774 |
West |
980 |
1,073 |
985 |
1,048 |
911 |
|
NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.
|
Table 26. Annual average other separations rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
[percent]
| Industry and region |
2019 |
2020 |
2021 |
2022 |
2023 |
Total |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
INDUSTRY |
|
Total private |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
Mining and logging |
0.2 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
Construction |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
Manufacturing |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
Durable goods |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
Nondurable goods |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
Trade, transportation, and utilities |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
Wholesale trade |
0.1 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
0.2 |
0.1 |
Retail trade |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities |
0.2 |
0.3 |
0.2 |
0.3 |
0.2 |
Information |
0.3 |
0.2 |
0.3 |
0.2 |
0.3 |
Financial activities |
0.3 |
0.3 |
0.4 |
0.3 |
0.2 |
Finance and insurance |
0.3 |
0.3 |
0.5 |
0.3 |
0.2 |
Real estate and rental and leasing |
0.2 |
0.3 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
Professional and business services |
0.3 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
Private education and health services |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
Private educational services |
0.1 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
0.2 |
0.1 |
Health care and social assistance |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
Leisure and hospitality |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
Arts, entertainment, and recreation |
0.1 |
0.1 |
0.2 |
0.1 |
0.2 |
Accommodation and food services |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.1 |
Other services |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.3 |
Government |
0.3 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
0.2 |
Federal |
0.4 |
0.4 |
0.5 |
0.5 |
0.4 |
State and local |
0.3 |
0.3 |
0.2 |
0.3 |
0.2 |
State and local education |
0.2 |
0.3 |
0.2 |
0.3 |
0.2 |
State and local, excluding education |
0.3 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
0.2 |
|
REGION |
|
Northeast |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
South |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.3 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
Midwest |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
West |
0.2 |
0.3 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
|
NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.
|
United States Department of Labor
