For release 10:00 a.m. (EST) Tuesday, March 9, 2010 USDL-10-0282
Technical information: (202) 691-5870 • JoltsInfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/jlt
Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov
Job Openings and Labor Turnover – January 2010
There were 2.7 million job openings on the last business day of
January 2010, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. The
job openings rate rose over the month to 2.1 percent, the highest the
rate has been since February 2009. The hires rate (3.1 percent) and
the separations rate (3.2 percent) were unchanged in January. This
release includes estimates of the number and rate of job openings,
hires, and separations for the total nonfarm sector by industry and
geographic region. This release also includes annual estimates for
hires and separations. The annual totals for hires and quits
decreased in 2009 while the annual total for layoffs and discharges
increased.
__________________________________________________________________________
| Revisions to the JOLTS Data |
| |
| The job openings, hires, and separations data in this release have been |
| revised from December 2000 forward to incorporate annual updates to the |
| Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the Job Openings |
| and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS) seasonal adjustment factors. |
| See page 5 for more information. |
|__________________________________________________________________________|
Job Openings
The job openings rate increased in January to 2.1 percent, the highest
the rate has been since February 2009. In January, the job openings
rate increased in education and health services. (See table 1.)
- 2 -
Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally
adjusted
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Job openings | Hires | Total separations
|--------------------------------------------------------------
Industry | Jan. | Dec. | Jan. | Jan. | Dec. | Jan. | Jan. | Dec. | Jan.
| 2009 | 2009 | 2010p| 2009 | 2009 | 2010p| 2009 | 2009 | 2010p
-------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------
| Levels (in thousands)
|--------------------------------------------------------------
Total..............|2,792 |2,531 |2,724 |4,330 |3,997 |4,080 |5,121 |4,195 |4,122
| | | | | | | | |
Total private(1)..|2,396 |2,130 |2,327 |4,005 |3,715 |3,802 |4,833 |3,884 |3,843
Construction.....| 33 | 67 | 60 | 358 | 335 | 326 | 523 | 382 | 409
Manufacturing....| 114 | 171 | 153 | 213 | 244 | 252 | 502 | 273 | 250
Trade, trans- | | | | | | | | |
portation, and | | | | | | | | |
utilities(2)....| 482 | 378 | 385 | 928 | 849 | 844 |1,085 | 901 | 854
Retail trade....| 349 | 237 | 231 | 572 | 547 | 594 | 662 | 567 | 583
Professional | | | | | | | | |
and business | | | | | | | | |
services........| 508 | 404 | 432 | 726 | 652 | 741 | 855 | 649 | 703
Education and | | | | | | | | |
health ser- | | | | | | | | |
vices...........| 620 | 545 | 617 | 552 | 496 | 488 | 499 | 486 | 461
Leisure and | | | | | | | | |
hospitality.....| 235 | 227 | 252 | 725 | 657 | 711 | 757 | 688 | 711
Arts, enter- | | | | | | | | |
tainment and | | | | | | | | |
recreation.....| 31 | 20 | 17 | 109 | 94 | 99 | 113 | 109 | 110
Accommodation | | | | | | | | |
and food | | | | | | | | |
services.......| 203 | 207 | 235 | 616 | 562 | 611 | 644 | 578 | 601
Government(3).....| 396 | 401 | 397 | 325 | 282 | 278 | 288 | 311 | 279
State and local | | | | | | | | |
government......| 313 | 294 | 266 | 286 | 254 | 234 | 267 | 283 | 258
|--------------------------------------------------------------
| Rates (percent)
|--------------------------------------------------------------
Total..............| 2.0 | 1.9 | 2.1 | 3.2 | 3.1 | 3.1 | 3.8 | 3.2 | 3.2
| | | | | | | | |
Total private(1)..| 2.1 | 2.0 | 2.1 | 3.6 | 3.5 | 3.6 | 4.4 | 3.6 | 3.6
Construction.....| 0.5 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 5.5 | 5.9 | 5.8 | 8.0 | 6.7 | 7.3
Manufacturing....| 0.9 | 1.5 | 1.3 | 1.7 | 2.1 | 2.2 | 4.0 | 2.4 | 2.2
Trade, trans- | | | | | | | | |
portation, and | | | | | | | | |
utilities(2)....| 1.9 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 3.6 | 3.4 | 3.4 | 4.3 | 3.7 | 3.5
Retail trade....| 2.3 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 3.9 | 3.8 | 4.1 | 4.5 | 3.9 | 4.0
Professional | | | | | | | | |
and business | | | | | | | | |
services........| 2.9 | 2.4 | 2.5 | 4.2 | 4.0 | 4.5 | 5.0 | 3.9 | 4.3
Education and | | | | | | | | |
health ser- | | | | | | | | |
vices...........| 3.2 | 2.7 | 3.1 | 2.9 | 2.6 | 2.5 | 2.6 | 2.5 | 2.4
Leisure and | | | | | | | | |
hospitality.....| 1.7 | 1.7 | 1.9 | 5.5 | 5.1 | 5.5 | 5.7 | 5.3 | 5.5
Arts, enter- | | | | | | | | |
tainment and | | | | | | | | |
recreation.....| 1.6 | 1.1 | 0.9 | 5.6 | 5.0 | 5.3 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.9
Accommodation | | | | | | | | |
and food | | | | | | | | |
services.......| 1.8 | 1.8 | 2.1 | 5.5 | 5.1 | 5.5 | 5.7 | 5.2 | 5.4
Government(3).....| 1.7 | 1.8 | 1.7 | 1.4 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 1.4 | 1.2
State and local | | | | | | | | |
government......| 1.6 | 1.5 | 1.3 | 1.4 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 1.4 | 1.3
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and
other services, not shown separately.
2 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not
shown separately.
3 Includes federal government, not shown separately.
p = preliminary.
NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current
Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment
factors.
Over the 12 months ending in January, the job openings rate (not
seasonally adjusted) was essentially unchanged for total nonfarm,
total private, and government. The job openings rate increased over
the year in construction, durable goods manufacturing, wholesale
trade, information, and federal government. The job openings rate
decreased over the 12-month period in retail trade and educational
services. (See table 5.)
Hires
The hires rate was unchanged in January, remaining at 3.1 percent. The
rate has remained between 3.0 percent and 3.2 percent since November
2008. After falling from the most recent peak of 5.6 million hires in
January 2005, the hires level reached a low point of 3.9 million in
June 2009. In January 2010,
- 3 -
the hires level was 4.1 million. The hires rate was essentially unchanged
in January for all industries and all four regions. (See table 2.)
Over the 12 months ending in January, the hires rate (not seasonally
adjusted) was little changed for total nonfarm and total private, but
fell for government. Over the 12 months ending in January, the hires
rate increased for durable goods manufacturing and decreased for
wholesale trade, health care and social assistance, and the South
region. (See table 6.)
Separations
Total separations includes quits (voluntary separations), layoffs and
discharges (involuntary separations), and other separations (including
retirements). The total separations, or turnover, rate was unchanged
in January for total nonfarm and remained low at 3.2 percent. The rate
was also unchanged for total private, but fell for government. The
total separations rate (not seasonally adjusted) decreased over the 12
months ending in January for total nonfarm and total private while the
rate for government was unchanged. (See tables 3 and 7.)
The quits rate can serve as a measure of workers’ willingness or
ability to change jobs. In January, the quits rate was little changed
for total nonfarm (1.4 percent), total private (1.6 percent), and
government (0.5 percent). The rate rose over the month in construction
and arts, entertainment, and recreation. After falling from the most
recent peak of 3.2 million in November 2006, the number of quits has
held steady at 1.7 million or 1.8 million since April 2009. (See table
4.)
Over the 12 months ending in January, the quits rate (not seasonally
adjusted) was little changed for total nonfarm and government, but
decreased for total private. The quits rate increased over the year
in educational services and arts, entertainment, and recreation; the
rate decreased in mining and logging, durable goods manufacturing, and
retail trade. The quits rate fell over the year in the Midwest and was
essentially unchanged in the other regions. (See table 8.)
The layoffs and discharges component of total separations is
seasonally adjusted at the total nonfarm, total private, and
government levels. The layoffs and discharges level for total nonfarm
(1.9 million) and total private (1.8 million) were essentially
unchanged in January, while the level for government (110,000) fell.
The corresponding layoffs and discharges rates were 1.5 percent, 1.7
percent, and 0.5 percent. The number of layoffs and discharges at the
total nonfarm level peaked at 2.6 million in January 2009; the most
recent trough was 1.6 million in January 2006. (See table B below.)
The layoffs and discharges rate (not seasonally adjusted) fell over
the 12 months ending in January for total nonfarm and total private,
and was little changed for government. The layoffs and discharges rate
fell over the year in many industries, including construction, durable
goods manufacturing, nondurable goods manufacturing, wholesale trade,
information, finance and insurance, real estate and rental and
leasing, and other services. Regionally, the rate fell over the year
in 3 of the 4 regions—Midwest, Northeast, and South. The layoffs and
discharges rate did not rise over the year in any industry or region.
(See table 9.)
- 4 -
Table B. Layoffs and discharges by industry, seasonally adjusted
--------------------------------------------------------------------
| Levels (in thousands) | Rates
|------------------------------------------------
Industry | Jan. | Dec. | Jan. | Jan. | Dec. | Jan.
| 2009 | 2009 | 2010p| 2009 | 2009 | 2010p
-------------------|------------------------------------------------
Total..............| 2,641 | 2,049 | 1,890 | 2.0 | 1.6 | 1.5
Total private.....| 2,518 | 1,914 | 1,780 | 2.3 | 1.8 | 1.7
Government....... | 123 | 135 | 110 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.5
--------------------------------------------------------------------
p = preliminary.
NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current
Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment
factors.
The other separations series is not seasonally adjusted. In January,
there were 547,000 other separations for total nonfarm, 476,000 for
total private, and 71,000 for government. Compared to January 2009,
the number of other separations was little changed for total nonfarm,
total private, and government. (See table 10.)
The total separations level is influenced by the relative contribution
of its three components—quits, layoffs and discharges, and other
separations. The percentage of total separations at the total nonfarm
level attributable to the individual components has varied over time.
The proportion of quits had exceeded the proportion of layoffs and
discharges every month from the beginning of the series in December
2000 until November 2008 when layoffs and discharges became the larger
contributor to total separations. The proportion of separations due to
quits hit a series low of 39 percent in January 2009 and again in
April 2009. The proportion is now 43 percent in January 2010. The
proportion of separations due to layoffs and discharges rose to a
series high of 56 percent in April 2009 and was 46 percent in January
2010. (See tables 3 and 4, and table B above.)
Net Change in Employment
Over the 12 months ending in January, hires totaled 48.4 million and
separations totaled 52.4 million, yielding a net employment loss of
4.0 million.
Annual Levels and Rates
This release contains the 2009 annual rates and levels for hires,
total separations, quits, layoffs and discharges, and other
separations. Note that annual figures for job openings are not
calculated because job openings are measured on a stock, or point-in-
time, basis rather than on a flow basis over a specified time period.
The annual figures and additional tables are published with the
release of January data each year. (See the Technical Note for
additional information on these measures.)
Calculating annual levels and rates allows additional comparisons
across years. For the third year in a row, annual levels fell for
hires, total separations, quits, and other separations, while rising
for layoffs and discharges. In 2009, annual hires fell to 48.7 million
(37.2 percent of employment), annual total separations fell to 53.7
million (41.0 percent of employment), annual quits declined steeply to
22.0 million (16.8 percent of employment), and annual other
separations decreased slightly to 3.9 million (3.0 percent of
employment). Annual layoffs and discharges rose in 2009 to 27.8
million (21.2 percent of employment). (See tables 11 through 20.)
- 5 -
The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey results for February 2010
are scheduled to be released on Tuesday, April 6, 2010 at 10:00 a.m.
(EDT).
Revisions to Job Openings and Labor Turnover Data
In accordance with annual practice, the Job Openings and Labor
Turnover Survey (JOLTS) data have been revised to reflect annual
updates to the Current Employment Statistics (CES), or establishment
survey, employment estimates. The JOLTS employment levels (not
published) are ratio-adjusted to the CES employment levels, and the
resulting ratios are applied to all JOLTS data elements. This annual
benchmark process resulted in revisions to all not seasonally adjusted
JOLTS data series from April 2008 forward, the time period since the
last benchmark was established. Additionally, the seasonally adjusted
JOLTS data series have been recalculated from December 2000 forward to
reflect updated seasonal adjustment factors. Further, the new
methodology incorporated in 2009 to more closely align the hires and
separations estimates with the monthly payroll employment change
created a dependency of the not seasonally adjusted estimates on the
seasonal adjustment process. Therefore, the not seasonally adjusted
data series have been recalculated from December 2000 forward to
reflect the updated seasonal adjustment factors’ effect on the
alignment process.
Tables C through H present revised total nonfarm data for January
through December 2009. The revised data incorporate the effect of
applying the new benchmark level. The December 2009 revisions also
reflect the routine incorporation of additional sample receipts into
the final December estimates. Table C (job openings), table D
(hires), table E (total separations), table F (quits), and table G
(layoffs and discharges) present revised data on a seasonally adjusted
basis, incorporating the new seasonal adjustment factors as well as
the new benchmark level. Table H (other separations) present revisions
on a not seasonally adjusted basis since that series is not adjusted.
The BLS website contains all revised historical seasonally adjusted
and not seasonally adjusted JOLTS data. The data can be accessed
through the JOLTS homepage at http://www.bls.gov/jlt/.
Further information on the revisions released today may be obtained by
calling (202) 691-5870 or via the Internet on the JOLTS homepage.
- 6 -
Table C. Revisions in job openings data January 2009 - December 2009,
seasonally adjusted
_________________________________________________________________________________
| |
| Levels (in thousands) | Rates (percent)
Year |---------------------------------- |----------------------------------
and | As | As | | As | As |
month | previously | revised | Difference | previously | revised | Difference
| published | | | published | |
_________________________________________________________________________________
2009 | | | | | |
January...| 2,920 | 2,792 | -128 | 2.1 | 2.0 | -0.1
February..| 2,973 | 2,830 | -143 | 2.2 | 2.1 | -.1
March.....| 2,633 | 2,671 | 38 | 1.9 | 2.0 | .1
April.....| 2,513 | 2,475 | -38 | 1.9 | 1.8 | -.1
May.......| 2,523 | 2,488 | -35 | 1.9 | 1.9 | .0
June......| 2,513 | 2,519 | 6 | 1.9 | 1.9 | .0
July......| 2,408 | 2,338 | -70 | 1.8 | 1.8 | .0
August....| 2,423 | 2,411 | -12 | 1.8 | 1.8 | .0
September.| 2,586 | 2,624 | 38 | 1.9 | 2.0 | .1
October...| 2,571 | 2,546 | -25 | 1.9 | 1.9 | .0
November..| 2,434 | 2,456 | 22 | 1.8 | 1.9 | .1
December..| 2,497 | 2,531 | 34 | 1.9 | 1.9 | .0
__________|____________|_________|____________|____________|_________|___________
Table D. Revisions in hires data January 2009 - December 2009,
seasonally adjusted
_________________________________________________________________________________
| |
| Levels (in thousands) | Rates (percent)
Year |---------------------------------- |----------------------------------
and | As | As | | As | As |
month | previously | revised | Difference | previously | revised | Difference
| published | | | published | |
_________________________________________________________________________________
2009 | | | | | |
January...| 4,460 | 4,330 | -130 | 3.3 | 3.2 | -0.1
February..| 4,339 | 4,095 | -244 | 3.2 | 3.1 | -.1
March.....| 4,099 | 3,935 | -164 | 3.1 | 3.0 | -.1
April.....| 4,117 | 4,182 | 65 | 3.1 | 3.2 | .1
May.......| 3,942 | 3,962 | 20 | 3.0 | 3.0 | .0
June......| 3,919 | 3,856 | -63 | 3.0 | 3.0 | .0
July......| 4,228 | 4,065 | -163 | 3.2 | 3.1 | -.1
August....| 4,040 | 3,975 | -65 | 3.1 | 3.1 | .0
September.| 4,061 | 4,091 | 30 | 3.1 | 3.2 | .1
October...| 4,045 | 4,001 | -44 | 3.1 | 3.1 | .0
November..| 4,125 | 4,160 | 35 | 3.1 | 3.2 | .1
December..| 4,073 | 3,997 | -76 | 3.1 | 3.1 | .0
__________|____________|_________|____________|____________|_________|___________
- 7 -
Table E. Revisions in total separations data January 2009 - December 2009,
seasonally adjusted
_________________________________________________________________________________
| |
| Levels (in thousands) | Rates (percent)
Year |---------------------------------- |----------------------------------
and | As | As | | As | As |
month | previously | revised | Difference | previously | revised | Difference
| published | | | published | |
_________________________________________________________________________________
2009 | | | | | |
January...| 4,949 | 5,121 | 172 | 3.7 | 3.8 | 0.1
February..| 4,833 | 4,869 | 36 | 3.6 | 3.7 | .1
March.....| 4,712 | 4,710 | -2 | 3.5 | 3.6 | .1
April.....| 4,641 | 4,651 | 10 | 3.5 | 3.5 | .0
May.......| 4,356 | 4,401 | 45 | 3.3 | 3.4 | .1
June......| 4,306 | 4,310 | 4 | 3.3 | 3.3 | .0
July......| 4,430 | 4,424 | -6 | 3.4 | 3.4 | .0
August....| 4,284 | 4,166 | -118 | 3.3 | 3.2 | -.1
September.| 4,325 | 4,274 | -51 | 3.3 | 3.3 | .0
October...| 4,223 | 4,171 | -52 | 3.2 | 3.2 | .0
November..| 4,274 | 4,130 | -144 | 3.3 | 3.2 | -.1
December..| 4,238 | 4,195 | -43 | 3.2 | 3.2 | .0
__________|____________|_________|____________|____________|_________|___________
Table F. Revisions in quits data January 2009 - December 2009,
seasonally adjusted
_________________________________________________________________________________
| |
| Levels (in thousands) | Rates (percent)
Year |---------------------------------- |----------------------------------
and | As | As | | As | As |
month | previously | revised | Difference | previously | revised | Difference
| published | | | published | |
_________________________________________________________________________________
2009 | | | | | |
January...| 2,063 | 1,980 | -83 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 0.0
February..| 1,911 | 2,003 | 92 | 1.4 | 1.5 | .1
March.....| 1,856 | 1,942 | 86 | 1.4 | 1.5 | .1
April.....| 1,777 | 1,821 | 44 | 1.3 | 1.4 | .1
May.......| 1,788 | 1,807 | 19 | 1.4 | 1.4 | .0
June......| 1,787 | 1,830 | 43 | 1.4 | 1.4 | .0
July......| 1,778 | 1,822 | 44 | 1.4 | 1.4 | .0
August....| 1,779 | 1,779 | 0 | 1.4 | 1.4 | .0
September.| 1,804 | 1,716 | -88 | 1.4 | 1.3 | -.1
October...| 1,771 | 1,723 | -48 | 1.4 | 1.3 | -.1
November..| 1,919 | 1,837 | -82 | 1.5 | 1.4 | -.1
December..| 1,764 | 1,753 | -11 | 1.3 | 1.4 | .1
__________|____________|_________|____________|____________|_________|___________
- 8 -
Table G. Revisions in layoffs and discharges data January 2009 - December 2009,
seasonally adjusted
_________________________________________________________________________________
| |
| Levels (in thousands) | Rates (percent)
Year |---------------------------------- |----------------------------------
and | As | As | | As | As |
month | previously | revised | Difference | previously | revised | Difference
| published | | | published | |
_________________________________________________________________________________
2009 | | | | | |
January...| 2,568 | 2,641 | 73 | 1.9 | 2.0 | 0.1
February..| 2,546 | 2,593 | 47 | 1.9 | 2.0 | .1
March.....| 2,528 | 2,462 | -66 | 1.9 | 1.9 | .0
April.....| 2,513 | 2,617 | 104 | 1.9 | 2.0 | .1
May.......| 2,273 | 2,342 | 69 | 1.7 | 1.8 | .1
June......| 2,141 | 2,224 | 83 | 1.6 | 1.7 | .1
July......| 2,431 | 2,349 | -82 | 1.8 | 1.8 | .0
August....| 2,248 | 2,129 | -119 | 1.7 | 1.6 | -.1
September.| 2,128 | 2,241 | 113 | 1.6 | 1.7 | .1
October...| 2,128 | 2,063 | -65 | 1.6 | 1.6 | .0
November..| 2,011 | 1,973 | -38 | 1.5 | 1.5 | .0
December..| 2,079 | 2,049 | -30 | 1.6 | 1.6 | .0
__________|____________|_________|____________|____________|_________|___________
Table H. Revisions in other separations data January 2009 - December 2009,
not seasonally adjusted
_________________________________________________________________________________
| |
| Levels (in thousands) | Rates (percent)
Year |---------------------------------- |----------------------------------
and | As | As | | As | As |
month | previously | revised | Difference | previously | revised | Difference
| published | | | published | |
_________________________________________________________________________________
2009 | | | | | |
January...| 514 | 531 | 17 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.0
February..| 272 | 264 | -8 | .2 | .2 | .0
March.....| 284 | 294 | 10 | .2 | .2 | .0
April.....| 384 | 357 | -27 | .3 | .3 | .0
May.......| 288 | 271 | -17 | .2 | .2 | .0
June......| 364 | 335 | -29 | .3 | .3 | .0
July......| 351 | 370 | 19 | .3 | .3 | .0
August....| 338 | 338 | 0 | .3 | .3 | .0
September.| 309 | 305 | -4 | .2 | .2 | .0
October...| 325 | 357 | 32 | .2 | .3 | .1
November..| 232 | 220 | -12 | .2 | .2 | .0
December..| 289 | 279 | -10 | .2 | .2 | .0
__________|____________|_________|____________|____________|_________|___________
- 9 -
Technical Note
The data for the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS)
are collected and compiled monthly from a sample of business
establishments by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).
Collection
In a monthly survey of business establishments, data are
collected for total employment, job openings, hires, quits, layoffs
and discharges, and other separations. Data collection methods
include computer-assisted telephone interviewing, touchtone data
entry, fax, e-mail, and mail.
Coverage
The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments such
as factories, offices, and stores, as well as federal, state, and
local government entities in the 50 states and the District of
Columbia.
Concepts
Industry classification. The industry classifications in this
release are in accordance with the 2007 version of the North
American Industry Classification System (NAICS). In order to
ensure the highest possible quality of data, State Workforce
Agencies verify with employers and update, if necessary, the
industry code, location, and ownership classification of all
establishments on a 3-year cycle. Changes in establishment
characteristics resulting from the verification process are always
introduced into the JOLTS sampling frame with the data reported for
the first month of the year.
Employment. Employment includes persons on the payroll who
worked or received pay for the pay period that includes the 12th
day of the reference month. Full-time, part-time, permanent, short-
term, seasonal, salaried, and hourly employees are included, as are
employees on paid vacations or other paid leave. Proprietors or
partners of unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, or
persons on leave without pay or on strike for the entire pay
period, are not counted as employed. Employees of temporary help
agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, and
consultants are counted by their employer of record, not by the
establishment where they are working.
Job openings. Establishments submit job openings information for
the last business day of the reference month. A job opening
requires that: 1) a specific position exists and there is work
available for that position, 2) work could start within 30 days
regardless of whether a suitable candidate is found, and 3) the
employer is actively recruiting from outside the establishment to
fill the position. Included are full-time, part-time, permanent,
short-term, and seasonal openings. Active recruiting means that
the establishment is taking steps to fill a position by advertising
in newspapers or on the Internet, posting help-wanted signs,
accepting applications, or using other similar methods.
Jobs to be filled only by internal transfers, promotions,
demotions, or recall from layoffs are excluded. Also excluded are
jobs with start dates more than 30 days in the future, jobs for
which employees have been hired but have not yet reported for work,
and jobs to be filled by employees of temporary help agencies,
employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants.
The job openings rate is computed by dividing the number of job
openings by the sum of employment and job openings and multiplying
that quotient by 100.
Hires. Hires are the total number of additions to the payroll
occurring at any time during the reference month, including both
new and rehired employees, full-time and part-time, permanent,
short-term and seasonal employees, employees recalled to the
location after a layoff lasting more than 7 days, on-call or
intermittent employees who returned to work after having been
formally separated, and transfers from other locations. The hires
count does not include transfers or promotions within the reporting
site, employees returning from strike, employees of temporary help
agencies or employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or
consultants. The hires rate is computed by dividing the number of
hires by employment and multiplying that quotient by 100.
Separations. Separations are the total number of terminations of
employment occurring at any time during the reference month, and
are reported by type of separation--quits, layoffs and discharges,
and other separations. Quits are voluntary separations by
employees (except for retirements, which are reported as other
separations). Layoffs and discharges are involuntary separations
initiated by the employer and include layoffs with no intent to
rehire; formal layoffs lasting or expected to last more than 7
days; discharges resulting from mergers, downsizing, or closings;
firings or other discharges for cause; terminations of permanent or
short-term employees; and terminations of seasonal employees.
Other separations include retirements, transfers to other
locations, deaths, and separations due to disability. Separations
do not include transfers within the same location or employees on
strike.
The separations rate is computed by dividing the number of
separations by employment and multiplying that quotient by 100.
The quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations rates are
computed similarly, dividing the number by employment and
multiplying by 100.
Annual estimates. Annual estimates of rates and levels
- 10 -
of hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total
separations are released with the January news release each year.
The JOLTS annual level estimates for hires, quits, layoffs and
discharges, other separations, and total separations are the sum of
the 12 published monthly levels. The annual rate estimates are
computed by dividing the annual level by the Current Employment
Statistics (CES) annual average employment level, and multiplying
that quotient by 100. This figure will be approximately equal to
the sum of the 12 monthly rates. Note that both the JOLTS and CES
annual levels are rounded to the nearest thousand before the annual
estimates are calculated. Consistent with BLS practices, annual
estimates are published only for not seasonally adjusted data.
Annual estimates are not calculated for job openings because job
openings are a stock, or point-in-time, measurement for the last
business day of each month. Only jobs still open on the last day
of the month are counted. For the same reason job openings cannot
be cumulated throughout each month, annual figures for job openings
cannot be created by summing the monthly estimates. Hires and
separations are flow measures and are cumulated over the month with
a total reported for the month. Therefore, the annual figures can
be created by summing the monthly estimates.
Special Collection Procedures
An implied measure of employment change can be derived from the
JOLTS data by subtracting separations from hires for a given
month. Aggregating these monthly changes historically produced
employment levels that overstated employment change as measured by
CES at the total nonfarm level. Research into this problem showed
that a significant amount of the divergence between the CES
employment levels and the derived JOLTS employment levels was
traceable to the Employment Services industry and to the State
Government Education industry. In the former industry, businesses
have a difficult time reporting hires and separations of temporary
help workers. In the latter industry, employers have difficulty
reporting hires and separations of student workers. BLS now
devotes additional resources to the collection, editing, and review
of data for these industries. BLS analysts more closely examine
reported data that do not provide a consistent picture over time,
and re-contact the respondents as necessary. Analysts work with
the respondents to adjust their reporting practices as possible.
Units that cannot be reconciled but are clearly incorrect on a
consistent basis are not used, they are replaced by imputed values
using standard techniques.
Sample and estimation methodology
The JOLTS survey design is a random sample of 16,000 nonfarm
business establishments, including factories, offices, and stores,
as well as federal, state, and local governments in the 50 states
and the District of Columbia. The establishments are drawn from a
universe of over 9.1 million establishments compiled as part of the
operations of the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW)
program. This program includes all employers subject to state
Unemployment Insurance (UI) laws and federal agencies subject to
Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees (UCFE).
The sampling frame is stratified by ownership, region, industry
sector, and size class. The JOLTS sample is constructed from
individual panels of sample units drawn on an annual basis. The
full annual sample consists of one certainty panel composed of only
large units selected with virtual certainty based on their size and
24 non-certainty panels. Each month a new non-certainty panel is
rolled into collection, and the oldest non-certainty panel is
rolled out. This means that at any given time the JOLTS sample is
constructed from panels from three different annual sampling
frames. The entire sample of old plus new panels is post-
stratified and re-weighted annually to represent the most recent
sampling frame. Additionally, the out-of-business establishments
are removed from the old panels. The annual sample is supplemented
with a quarterly sample of birth establishments (i.e., new
establishments) to better reflect the impact of younger
establishments in the JOLTS sample.
JOLTS total employment estimates are benchmarked monthly to the
employment estimates of the Current Employment Statistics (CES)
survey. A ratio of CES to JOLTS employment is used to adjust the
levels for all other JOLTS data elements.
JOLTS Business Birth/Death Model
As with any sample survey, the JOLTS sample can only be as
current as its sampling frame. The time lag from the birth of an
establishment until its appearance on the sampling frame is
approximately one year. In addition, many of these new units may
fail within the first year. Since these universe units cannot be
reflected on the sampling frame immediately, the JOLTS sample
cannot capture job openings, hires, and separations from these
units during their early existence. BLS has developed a model to
estimate birth/death activity for current months by examining the
birth/death activity from previous years on the QCEW and projecting
forward to the present using an econometric technique known as X-12
ARIMA modeling. The birth/death model also uses historical JOLTS
data to estimate the amount of “churn” (hires and separations) that
exists in establishments of various sizes. The model then combines
the estimated churn with the projected employment change to
estimate the number of hires and separations taking place in these
units that cannot be measured through sampling.
- 11 -
The model-based estimate of total separations is distributed to
the three components – quits; layoffs and discharges; and other
separations - in proportion to their contribution to the sample-
based estimate of total separations. Additionally, job openings
for the modeled units are estimated by computing the ratio of
openings to hires in the collected data and applying that ratio to
the modeled hires. The estimates of job openings, hires, and
separations produced by the birth/death model are then added to the
sample-based estimates produced from the survey to arrive at the
estimates for openings, hires, and separations.
Seasonal adjustment
BLS seasonally adjusts several JOLTS series using the X-12-ARIMA
seasonal adjustment program. Seasonal adjustment is the process of
estimating and removing periodic fluctuations caused by events such
as weather, holidays, and the beginning and ending of the school
year. Seasonal adjustment makes it easier to observe fundamental
changes in the level of the series, particularly those associated
with general economic expansions and contractions. A concurrent
seasonal adjustment methodology is used in which new seasonal
adjustment factors are calculated each month, using all relevant
data, up to and including the data for the current month.
Alignment procedure
JOLTS hires minus separations should be comparable to the CES net
employment change. However, definitional differences as well as
sampling and non-sampling errors between the two surveys
historically caused JOLTS to diverge from CES over time. To limit
the divergence, and improve the quality of the JOLTS hires and
separations series, BLS implemented the Monthly Alignment Method.
The Monthly Alignment Method applies the CES employment trends to
the seasonally adjusted JOLTS implied employment trend (hires minus
separations) forcing them to be approximately the same, while
preserving the seasonality of the JOLTS data. First, the two
series are seasonally adjusted and the difference between the JOLTS
implied employment trend and the CES net employment change is
calculated. Next, the JOLTS implied employment trend is adjusted to
equal the CES net employment change through a proportional
adjustment. This proportional adjustment procedure adjusts the two
components (hires, separations) proportionally to their
contribution to the total churn (hires plus separations). For
example, if hires are 40 percent of the churn for a given month,
they will receive 40 percent of the needed adjustment and
separations will receive 60 percent of the needed adjustment. The
adjusted hires and separations are converted back to not seasonally
adjusted data by reversing the application of the original seasonal
factors. After the monthly alignment method has been used to
adjust the level estimates, rate estimates are computed from the
adjusted levels. The Monthly Alignment procedure assures a close
match of the JOLTS implied employment trend with the CES trend. The
CES series is considered a highly accurate measure of net
employment change owing to its very large sample size and annual
benchmarking to universe counts of employment from the QCEW
program.
Using JOLTS data
The JOLTS data series on job openings, hires, and separations are
relatively new. The full sample is divided into panels, with one
panel enrolled each month. A full complement of panels for the
original data series based on the 1987 Standard Industrial
Classification (SIC) system was not completely enrolled in the
survey until January 2002. The supplemental panels of
establishments needed to create NAICS estimates were not completely
enrolled until May 2003. The data collected up until those points
are from less than a full sample. Therefore, estimates from
earlier months should be used with caution, as fewer sampled units
were reporting data at that time.
In March 2002, BLS procedures for collecting hires and
separations data were revised to address possible underreporting.
As a result, JOLTS hires and separations estimates for months prior
to March 2002 may not be comparable to estimates for March 2002 and
later.
The federal government reorganization that involved transferring
approximately 180,000 employees to the new Department of Homeland
Security is not reflected in the JOLTS hires and separations
estimates for the federal government. The Office of Personnel
Management's record shows these transfers were completed in March
2003. The inclusion of transfers in the JOLTS definitions of hires
and separations is intended to cover ongoing movements of workers
between establishments. The Department of Homeland Security
reorganization was a massive one-time event, and the inclusion of
these intergovernmental transfers would distort the federal
government time series.
JOLTS uses moving averages as seasonal filters in seasonal
adjustment. JOLTS seasonal adjustment includes both additive and
multiplicative seasonal adjustment models and REGARIMA (regression
with autocorrelated errors) modeling to improve the seasonal
adjustment factors at the beginning and end of the series and to
detect and adjust for outliers in the series.
Reliability of the estimates
JOLTS estimates are subject to both sampling and nonsampling
error. When a sample rather than the entire population is
surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ
from the "true" population values they represent. The exact
difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the particular
sample selected, and this variability is measured by the standard
error of the estimate. BLS analysis is generally conducted at the
90-percent level of confidence. That means that there is a
- 12 -
90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a
sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard errors from the
"true" population value because of sampling error. Estimates of
sampling errors are available upon request.
The JOLTS estimates also are affected by nonsampling error.
Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, including the failure
to include a segment of the population, the inability to obtain
data from all units in the sample, the inability or unwillingness
of respondents to provide data on a timely basis, mistakes made by
respondents, errors made in the collection or processing of the
data, and errors from the employment benchmark data used in
estimation.
Other information
Information in this release will be made available to sensory
impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-691-5200; TDD
message referral phone: 1-800-877-8339.
Table 1. Job openings levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, seasonally adjusted
Levels(3) (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Jan. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Jan. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan.
2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2010p 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2010p
Total.................................... 2,792 2,411 2,624 2,546 2,456 2,531 2,724 2.0 1.8 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.9 2.1
INDUSTRY
Total private(4)........................ 2,396 2,098 2,333 2,164 2,113 2,130 2,327 2.1 1.9 2.1 2.0 1.9 2.0 2.1
Construction........................... 33 66 73 65 71 67 60 .5 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.1
Manufacturing.......................... 114 134 139 141 155 171 153 .9 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.5 1.3
Trade, transportation, and utilities(5) 482 425 415 363 334 378 385 1.9 1.7 1.7 1.4 1.3 1.5 1.5
Retail trade.......................... 349 248 282 228 207 237 231 2.3 1.7 1.9 1.6 1.4 1.6 1.6
Professional and business services..... 508 404 446 436 425 404 432 2.9 2.4 2.7 2.6 2.5 2.4 2.5
Education and health services.......... 620 531 573 529 537 545 617 3.2 2.7 2.9 2.7 2.7 2.7 3.1
Leisure and hospitality................ 235 241 305 268 236 227 252 1.7 1.8 2.3 2.0 1.8 1.7 1.9
Arts, entertainment, and recreation... 31 20 27 19 23 20 17 1.6 1.0 1.4 1.0 1.2 1.1 .9
Accommodation and food services....... 203 221 278 249 214 207 235 1.8 1.9 2.4 2.2 1.9 1.8 2.1
Government(6)........................... 396 313 292 382 343 401 397 1.7 1.4 1.3 1.7 1.5 1.8 1.7
State and local government............. 313 287 232 292 249 294 266 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.5 1.3 1.5 1.3
REGION(7)
Northeast.............................. 566 504 532 532 482 547 468 2.2 2.0 2.1 2.1 1.9 2.2 1.9
South.................................. 1,031 883 952 915 859 943 953 2.1 1.8 2.0 1.9 1.8 2.0 2.0
Midwest................................ 567 478 565 566 553 495 552 1.8 1.6 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.8
West................................... 616 535 566 605 586 603 586 2.0 1.8 1.9 2.1 2.0 2.1 2.0
1 Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.
2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus
job openings.
3 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown.
4 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.
5 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.
6 Includes federal government, not shown separately.
7 The States (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts,
New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of
Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas,
Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio,
South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah,
Washington, and Wyoming.
p = preliminary.
NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the
JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.
Table 2. Hires levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, seasonally adjusted
Levels(3) (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Jan. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Jan. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan.
2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2010p 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2010p
Total.................................... 4,330 3,975 4,091 4,001 4,160 3,997 4,080 3.2 3.1 3.2 3.1 3.2 3.1 3.1
INDUSTRY
Total private(4)........................ 4,005 3,696 3,833 3,689 3,878 3,715 3,802 3.6 3.4 3.6 3.4 3.6 3.5 3.6
Construction........................... 358 278 349 325 329 335 326 5.5 4.7 6.0 5.7 5.7 5.9 5.8
Manufacturing.......................... 213 254 271 243 259 244 252 1.7 2.2 2.3 2.1 2.2 2.1 2.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities(5) 928 798 854 772 847 849 844 3.6 3.2 3.4 3.1 3.4 3.4 3.4
Retail trade.......................... 572 545 566 518 554 547 594 3.9 3.8 3.9 3.6 3.9 3.8 4.1
Professional and business services..... 726 680 698 709 808 652 741 4.2 4.2 4.3 4.3 4.9 4.0 4.5
Education and health services.......... 552 531 532 522 512 496 488 2.9 2.8 2.8 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.5
Leisure and hospitality................ 725 711 693 663 693 657 711 5.5 5.4 5.3 5.1 5.3 5.1 5.5
Arts, entertainment, and recreation... 109 115 121 100 111 94 99 5.6 6.1 6.3 5.2 5.9 5.0 5.3
Accommodation and food services....... 616 596 572 563 582 562 611 5.5 5.3 5.1 5.1 5.2 5.1 5.5
Government(6)........................... 325 279 258 312 282 282 278 1.4 1.2 1.1 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.2
State and local government............. 286 252 236 271 247 254 234 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.2
REGION(7)
Northeast.............................. 755 676 731 805 758 746 811 3.0 2.7 3.0 3.3 3.1 3.0 3.3
South.................................. 1,721 1,436 1,518 1,420 1,555 1,463 1,485 3.6 3.1 3.2 3.0 3.3 3.1 3.2
Midwest................................ 948 915 926 949 896 900 927 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.2 3.0 3.1 3.2
West................................... 974 838 954 933 970 879 936 3.3 2.9 3.3 3.2 3.4 3.1 3.3
1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.
2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
3 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown.
4 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.
5 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.
6 Includes federal government, not shown separately.
7 See footnote 7, table 1.
p = preliminary.
NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the
JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.
Table 3. Total separations levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, seasonally adjusted
Levels(3) (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Jan. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Jan. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan.
2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2010p 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2010p
Total.................................... 5,121 4,166 4,274 4,171 4,130 4,195 4,122 3.8 3.2 3.3 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2
INDUSTRY
Total private(4)........................ 4,833 3,883 3,990 3,901 3,846 3,884 3,843 4.4 3.6 3.7 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6
Construction........................... 523 335 415 381 347 382 409 8.0 5.7 7.1 6.6 6.1 6.7 7.3
Manufacturing.......................... 502 297 313 293 285 273 250 4.0 2.5 2.7 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities(5) 1,085 826 916 844 853 901 854 4.3 3.3 3.7 3.4 3.5 3.7 3.5
Retail trade.......................... 662 558 605 567 544 567 583 4.5 3.9 4.2 3.9 3.8 3.9 4.0
Professional and business services..... 855 711 705 717 706 649 703 5.0 4.3 4.3 4.4 4.3 3.9 4.3
Education and health services.......... 499 501 503 473 486 486 461 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.4
Leisure and hospitality................ 757 718 677 707 716 688 711 5.7 5.5 5.2 5.4 5.5 5.3 5.5
Arts, entertainment, and recreation... 113 116 86 128 116 109 110 5.8 6.1 4.4 6.7 6.1 5.8 5.9
Accommodation and food services....... 644 602 591 579 600 578 601 5.7 5.4 5.3 5.2 5.4 5.2 5.4
Government(6)........................... 288 283 284 269 284 311 279 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.2
State and local government............. 267 259 267 242 249 283 258 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.3
REGION(7)
Northeast.............................. 844 698 744 727 728 817 760 3.3 2.8 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.3 3.1
South.................................. 2,007 1,419 1,598 1,544 1,531 1,499 1,550 4.2 3.0 3.4 3.3 3.3 3.2 3.3
Midwest................................ 1,168 913 948 920 752 1,016 973 3.8 3.1 3.2 3.1 2.6 3.5 3.3
West................................... 1,179 992 1,037 939 894 1,061 1,050 4.0 3.4 3.6 3.3 3.1 3.7 3.7
1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.
2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
3 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown.
4 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.
5 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.
6 Includes federal government, not shown separately.
7 See footnote 7, table 1.
p = preliminary.
NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the
JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.
Table 4. Quits levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, seasonally adjusted
Levels(3) (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Jan. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Jan. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan.
2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2010p 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2010p
Total.................................... 1,980 1,779 1,716 1,723 1,837 1,753 1,781 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4
INDUSTRY
Total private(4)........................ 1,872 1,669 1,616 1,620 1,731 1,639 1,669 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.6
Construction........................... 80 68 77 62 92 76 105 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.1 1.6 1.3 1.9
Manufacturing.......................... 105 82 90 80 75 75 75 .8 .7 .8 .7 .6 .7 .7
Trade, transportation, and utilities(5) 454 408 387 382 413 392 367 1.8 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.5
Retail trade.......................... 351 307 285 287 276 291 266 2.4 2.1 2.0 2.0 1.9 2.0 1.8
Professional and business services..... 329 263 265 277 264 248 263 1.9 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.6
Education and health services.......... 245 247 270 267 262 271 253 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.3
Leisure and hospitality................ 439 410 345 356 397 375 409 3.3 3.1 2.6 2.7 3.0 2.9 3.2
Arts, entertainment, and recreation... 30 41 14 39 42 32 51 1.5 2.2 .7 2.0 2.2 1.7 2.7
Accommodation and food services....... 409 368 331 317 355 344 359 3.6 3.3 3.0 2.8 3.2 3.1 3.2
Government(6)........................... 108 110 100 102 106 114 112 .5 .5 .4 .5 .5 .5 .5
State and local government............. 103 100 96 98 101 106 107 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5
REGION(7)
Northeast.............................. 273 275 245 300 276 280 283 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.2
South.................................. 746 696 659 677 757 722 754 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.6 1.5 1.6
Midwest................................ 461 383 359 382 377 391 372 1.5 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3
West................................... 457 454 371 388 446 382 393 1.5 1.6 1.3 1.3 1.6 1.3 1.4
1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.
2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
3 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown.
4 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.
5 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.
6 Includes federal government, not shown separately.
7 See footnote 7, table 1.
p = preliminary.
NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the
JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.
Table 5. Job openings levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Jan. Dec. Jan. Jan. Dec. Jan.
2009 2009 2010p 2009 2009 2010p
Total........................................... 3,020 2,279 3,020 2.2 1.7 2.3
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 2,607 1,927 2,577 2.3 1.8 2.4
Mining and Logging............................ 18 6 12 2.3 .9 1.8
Construction.................................. 33 55 59 .5 1.0 1.1
Manufacturing................................. 120 159 162 1.0 1.4 1.4
Durable goods................................ 54 80 92 .7 1.1 1.3
Nondurable goods............................. 65 79 70 1.4 1.7 1.5
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 490 295 405 1.9 1.2 1.6
Wholesale trade.............................. 70 75 125 1.2 1.3 2.2
Retail trade................................. 343 177 228 2.3 1.2 1.6
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 77 43 52 1.6 .9 1.1
Information................................... 77 56 133 2.6 2.0 4.7
Financial activities.......................... 231 134 220 2.8 1.7 2.8
Finance and insurance........................ 191 97 187 3.1 1.7 3.2
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 41 37 33 2.0 1.8 1.7
Professional and business services............ 583 381 498 3.4 2.2 3.0
Education and health services................. 667 532 675 3.4 2.7 3.4
Educational services......................... 69 42 36 2.2 1.3 1.2
Health care and social assistance............ 598 490 639 3.6 2.9 3.8
Leisure and hospitality....................... 238 186 259 1.9 1.4 2.1
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 29 14 16 1.7 .8 .9
Accommodation and food services............. 208 172 243 1.9 1.5 2.2
Other services................................ 151 123 154 2.8 2.3 2.8
Government..................................... 413 352 443 1.8 1.5 1.9
Federal....................................... 115 86 190 4.0 3.0 6.3
State and local............................... 297 266 253 1.5 1.3 1.3
REGION (3)
Northeast..................................... 637 488 581 2.5 1.9 2.3
South......................................... 1,105 873 1,083 2.3 1.8 2.3
Midwest....................................... 601 419 646 2.0 1.4 2.2
West.......................................... 677 499 710 2.3 1.7 2.4
1 Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.
2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a
percent of total employment plus job openings.
3 See footnote 7, table 1.
p = preliminary.
NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment
Statistics employment estimates.
Table 6. Hires levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Jan. Dec. Jan. Jan. Dec. Jan.
2009 2009 2010p 2009 2009 2010p
Total........................................... 4,254 2,912 4,014 3.2 2.2 3.1
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 3,949 2,746 3,750 3.6 2.6 3.6
Mining and Logging............................ 28 16 33 3.7 2.4 5.0
Construction.................................. 315 206 287 5.1 3.7 5.5
Manufacturing................................. 221 152 267 1.8 1.3 2.3
Durable goods................................ 112 85 170 1.4 1.2 2.4
Nondurable goods............................. 109 67 97 2.3 1.5 2.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 845 672 746 3.3 2.7 3.0
Wholesale trade.............................. 252 82 145 4.4 1.5 2.6
Retail trade................................. 463 435 483 3.2 2.9 3.4
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 131 156 118 2.7 3.3 2.5
Information................................... 86 57 77 3.0 2.1 2.8
Financial activities.......................... 225 148 192 2.9 1.9 2.5
Finance and insurance........................ 154 83 130 2.6 1.5 2.3
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 71 64 62 3.5 3.3 3.2
Professional and business services............ 817 524 843 4.9 3.2 5.2
Education and health services................. 569 356 504 3.0 1.8 2.6
Educational services......................... 71 31 70 2.3 1.0 2.3
Health care and social assistance............ 498 326 434 3.1 2.0 2.7
Leisure and hospitality....................... 626 477 617 5.0 3.8 5.0
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 95 71 87 5.5 4.1 5.2
Accommodation and food services............. 531 406 530 4.9 3.7 5.0
Other services................................ 217 138 185 4.1 2.6 3.5
Government..................................... 305 166 264 1.4 .7 1.2
Federal....................................... 43 23 50 1.5 .8 1.7
State and local............................... 262 144 215 1.3 .7 1.1
REGION (3)
Northeast..................................... 717 544 775 2.9 2.2 3.2
South......................................... 1,717 1,066 1,482 3.6 2.3 3.2
Midwest....................................... 918 641 894 3.1 2.2 3.1
West.......................................... 902 661 864 3.1 2.3 3.1
1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.
2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
3 See footnote 7, table 1.
p = preliminary.
NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment
Statistics employment estimates.
Table 7. Total separations levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Jan. Dec. Jan. Jan. Dec. Jan.
2009 2009 2010p 2009 2009 2010p
Total........................................... 6,766 3,900 5,405 5.1 3.0 4.2
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 6,445 3,654 5,092 5.9 3.4 4.8
Mining and Logging............................ 44 22 32 5.9 3.2 4.8
Construction.................................. 688 403 540 11.2 7.2 10.3
Manufacturing................................. 711 237 356 5.7 2.0 3.1
Durable goods................................ 474 127 209 6.1 1.8 3.0
Nondurable goods............................. 237 110 147 5.1 2.4 3.3
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 1,556 952 1,235 6.2 3.8 5.0
Wholesale trade.............................. 348 124 178 6.1 2.2 3.2
Retail trade................................. 982 606 871 6.7 4.1 6.1
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 226 222 186 4.6 4.6 4.0
Information................................... 165 72 115 5.8 2.6 4.2
Financial activities.......................... 464 156 341 5.9 2.0 4.5
Finance and insurance........................ 323 83 242 5.5 1.5 4.3
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 141 73 99 7.0 3.7 5.1
Professional and business services............ 1,013 707 838 6.0 4.3 5.2
Education and health services................. 675 388 617 3.6 2.0 3.2
Educational services......................... 56 52 84 1.9 1.6 2.8
Health care and social assistance............ 618 336 534 3.9 2.1 3.3
Leisure and hospitality....................... 832 563 785 6.6 4.4 6.3
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 103 81 101 6.0 4.6 6.1
Accommodation and food services............. 728 483 684 6.7 4.4 6.4
Other services................................ 298 154 233 5.6 2.9 4.5
Government..................................... 321 246 314 1.4 1.1 1.4
Federal....................................... 30 31 31 1.1 1.1 1.1
State and local............................... 291 215 283 1.5 1.1 1.4
REGION (3)
Northeast..................................... 1,114 736 936 4.5 3.0 3.9
South......................................... 2,543 1,278 1,910 5.3 2.7 4.1
Midwest....................................... 1,595 969 1,267 5.3 3.3 4.4
West.......................................... 1,515 917 1,293 5.2 3.2 4.6
1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.
2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of
total employment.
3 See footnote 7, table 1.
p = preliminary.
NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment
Statistics employment estimates.
Table 8. Quits levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Jan. Dec. Jan. Jan. Dec. Jan.
2009 2009 2010p 2009 2009 2010p
Total........................................... 2,376 1,402 2,123 1.8 1.1 1.7
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 2,251 1,318 1,992 2.1 1.2 1.9
Mining and Logging............................ 17 3 9 2.3 .5 1.4
Construction.................................. 77 58 100 1.3 1.0 1.9
Manufacturing................................. 133 48 95 1.1 .4 .8
Durable goods................................ 68 22 43 .9 .3 .6
Nondurable goods............................. 65 26 53 1.4 .6 1.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 548 345 443 2.2 1.4 1.8
Wholesale trade.............................. 49 31 54 .9 .6 1.0
Retail trade................................. 424 265 320 2.9 1.8 2.2
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 75 49 69 1.5 1.0 1.5
Information................................... 58 21 41 2.0 .8 1.5
Financial activities.......................... 125 66 118 1.6 .9 1.6
Finance and insurance........................ 90 35 76 1.5 .6 1.3
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 34 31 42 1.7 1.6 2.2
Professional and business services............ 364 226 292 2.2 1.4 1.8
Education and health services................. 332 206 340 1.7 1.1 1.8
Educational services......................... 23 23 46 .8 .7 1.5
Health care and social assistance............ 309 184 294 1.9 1.1 1.8
Leisure and hospitality....................... 476 293 438 3.8 2.3 3.5
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 26 21 43 1.5 1.2 2.6
Accommodation and food services............. 450 272 395 4.1 2.5 3.7
Other services................................ 121 51 116 2.3 1.0 2.2
Government..................................... 126 84 130 .6 .4 .6
Federal....................................... 8 8 7 .3 .3 .3
State and local............................... 118 76 123 .6 .4 .6
REGION (3)
Northeast..................................... 346 214 335 1.4 .9 1.4
South......................................... 907 558 897 1.9 1.2 1.9
Midwest....................................... 579 318 445 1.9 1.1 1.5
West.......................................... 544 313 446 1.9 1.1 1.6
1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.
2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
3 See footnote 7, table 1.
p = preliminary.
NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment
Statistics employment estimates.
Table 9. Layoffs and discharges levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Jan. Dec. Jan. Jan. Dec. Jan.
2009 2009 2010p 2009 2009 2010p
Total........................................... 3,859 2,219 2,736 2.9 1.7 2.1
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 3,733 2,111 2,623 3.4 2.0 2.5
Mining and Logging............................ 21 17 18 2.8 2.5 2.8
Construction.................................. 587 326 410 9.5 5.8 7.8
Manufacturing................................. 533 168 219 4.3 1.4 1.9
Durable goods................................ 368 95 142 4.7 1.3 2.0
Nondurable goods............................. 164 73 78 3.5 1.6 1.8
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 877 563 684 3.5 2.2 2.8
Wholesale trade.............................. 270 84 96 4.7 1.5 1.7
Retail trade................................. 483 314 492 3.3 2.1 3.4
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 124 164 96 2.5 3.4 2.1
Information................................... 98 45 55 3.4 1.6 2.0
Financial activities.......................... 296 79 136 3.7 1.0 1.8
Finance and insurance........................ 195 39 88 3.3 .7 1.6
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 101 40 48 5.0 2.0 2.5
Professional and business services............ 588 441 484 3.5 2.7 3.0
Education and health services................. 244 144 203 1.3 .7 1.1
Educational services......................... 31 26 30 1.0 .8 1.0
Health care and social assistance............ 213 118 173 1.3 .7 1.1
Leisure and hospitality....................... 331 250 303 2.6 2.0 2.5
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 71 59 50 4.1 3.4 3.0
Accommodation and food services............. 260 191 253 2.4 1.7 2.4
Other services................................ 159 80 109 3.0 1.5 2.1
Government..................................... 125 108 113 .6 .5 .5
Federal....................................... 10 12 9 .4 .4 .3
State and local............................... 115 96 104 .6 .5 .5
REGION (3)
Northeast..................................... 677 463 483 2.7 1.9 2.0
South......................................... 1,437 624 824 3.0 1.3 1.8
Midwest....................................... 866 597 691 2.9 2.0 2.4
West.......................................... 879 535 738 3.0 1.9 2.6
1 Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.
2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a
percent of total employment.
3 See footnote 7, table 1.
p = preliminary.
NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment
Statistics employment estimates.
Table 10. Other separations levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Jan. Dec. Jan. Jan. Dec. Jan.
2009 2009 2010p 2009 2009 2010p
Total........................................... 531 279 547 0.4 0.2 0.4
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 461 225 476 .4 .2 .5
Mining and Logging............................ 6 1 5 .8 .2 .7
Construction.................................. 23 20 29 .4 .4 .6
Manufacturing................................. 46 20 41 .4 .2 .4
Durable goods................................ 38 10 25 .5 .1 .4
Nondurable goods............................. 8 11 16 .2 .2 .4
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 131 44 109 .5 .2 .4
Wholesale trade.............................. 29 9 28 .5 .2 .5
Retail trade................................. 75 27 59 .5 .2 .4
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 27 9 22 .5 .2 .5
Information................................... 9 6 19 .3 .2 .7
Financial activities.......................... 44 11 87 .6 .1 1.1
Finance and insurance........................ 38 9 78 .6 .2 1.4
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 6 2 9 .3 .1 .5
Professional and business services............ 60 40 62 .4 .2 .4
Education and health services................. 99 38 74 .5 .2 .4
Educational services......................... 2 3 7 .1 .1 .2
Health care and social assistance............ 97 34 66 .6 .2 .4
Leisure and hospitality....................... 25 21 44 .2 .2 .4
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 7 1 8 .4 .1 .5
Accommodation and food services............. 18 19 36 .2 .2 .3
Other services................................ 18 23 8 .3 .4 .2
Government..................................... 70 54 71 .3 .2 .3
Federal....................................... 12 11 15 .4 .4 .5
State and local............................... 58 43 55 .3 .2 .3
REGION (3)
Northeast..................................... 90 58 117 .4 .2 .5
South......................................... 199 100 189 .4 .2 .4
Midwest....................................... 150 53 131 .5 .2 .5
West.......................................... 93 68 111 .3 .2 .4
1 Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.
2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of
total employment.
3 See footnote 7, table 1.
p = preliminary.
NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment
Statistics employment estimates.
Table 11. Annual hires levels(1) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands)
Industry and region 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Total........................................... 59,797 57,787 61,624 64,498 64,906 63,404 56,204 48,696
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 55,665 54,082 57,534 60,444 60,481 58,843 52,486 45,237
Mining and Logging............................ 238 261 284 303 311 346 364 214
Construction.................................. 5,104 5,234 5,438 5,884 5,396 4,813 4,564 3,882
Manufacturing................................. 4,679 4,245 4,675 4,535 4,601 4,613 3,671 2,906
Durable goods................................ 2,735 2,581 2,961 2,893 2,735 2,685 2,110 1,513
Nondurable goods............................. 1,946 1,663 1,714 1,640 1,864 1,928 1,558 1,391
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 12,235 11,837 13,291 13,683 13,805 13,212 11,600 10,009
Wholesale trade.............................. 1,929 1,869 2,069 2,008 2,045 2,208 1,905 1,648
Retail trade................................. 8,565 8,248 9,130 9,440 9,602 9,121 7,897 6,658
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 1,744 1,720 2,096 2,235 2,160 1,882 1,801 1,704
Information................................... 1,095 942 983 1,045 1,123 985 805 760
Financial activities.......................... 2,679 2,598 2,866 2,868 3,099 3,160 2,629 2,136
Finance and insurance........................ 1,723 1,580 1,771 1,850 1,991 2,092 1,697 1,274
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 954 1,020 1,092 1,018 1,107 1,066 932 861
Professional and business services............ 11,352 10,631 11,035 12,152 11,955 11,474 9,983 8,428
Education and health services................. 5,773 5,730 5,792 6,207 6,382 6,440 6,499 6,156
Educational services......................... 708 825 756 826 879 915 934 888
Health care and social assistance............ 5,064 4,906 5,036 5,379 5,503 5,524 5,565 5,268
Leisure and hospitality....................... 9,993 9,979 10,558 10,953 11,258 11,208 9,981 8,313
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 1,579 1,609 1,633 1,643 1,581 1,648 1,471 1,246
Accommodation and food services............. 8,414 8,370 8,926 9,310 9,677 9,561 8,509 7,066
Other services................................ 2,516 2,629 2,615 2,818 2,559 2,595 2,386 2,430
Government..................................... 4,132 3,706 4,090 4,052 4,427 4,562 3,720 3,457
Federal....................................... 593 530 503 511 714 853 333 452
State and local............................... 3,536 3,176 3,586 3,541 3,711 3,709 3,387 3,007
REGION (2)
Northeast..................................... 9,725 10,010 10,722 10,676 10,246 10,015 9,210 8,810
South......................................... 22,451 21,823 23,530 24,610 25,299 24,368 20,822 18,020
Midwest....................................... 14,066 12,909 13,754 14,123 14,030 14,244 12,628 10,822
West.......................................... 13,557 13,045 13,619 15,085 15,335 14,781 13,543 11,041
1 The annual hires level is the total number of hires during the entire year.
2 See footnote 7, table 1.
NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment
Statistics employment estimates.
Table 12. Annual hires rates(1) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Rates
Industry and region 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Total........................................... 45.9 44.5 46.9 48.2 47.7 46.1 41.1 37.2
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 51.1 49.9 52.4 54.0 53.0 51.0 45.9 41.7
Mining and Logging............................ 40.8 45.6 48.1 48.2 45.5 47.8 47.5 30.6
Construction.................................. 76.0 77.7 78.0 80.2 70.2 63.1 63.7 64.3
Manufacturing................................. 30.7 29.3 32.7 31.9 32.5 33.2 27.4 24.5
Durable goods................................ 28.8 28.8 33.2 32.3 30.5 30.5 24.9 20.7
Nondurable goods............................. 33.7 30.0 31.8 31.1 36.0 38.0 31.5 30.4
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 48.0 46.8 52.1 52.7 52.5 49.6 44.1 40.1
Wholesale trade.............................. 34.1 33.3 36.5 34.8 34.6 36.7 32.1 29.3
Retail trade................................. 57.0 55.3 60.6 61.8 62.5 58.8 51.7 45.8
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 36.2 36.1 43.6 45.5 43.0 36.9 35.5 35.5
Information................................... 32.3 29.5 31.5 34.1 37.0 32.5 27.0 27.1
Financial activities.......................... 34.1 32.6 35.7 35.2 37.2 38.1 32.3 27.5
Finance and insurance........................ 29.6 26.7 29.8 30.7 32.3 34.1 28.2 22.1
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 46.9 49.6 52.3 47.7 51.0 49.1 43.8 43.1
Professional and business services............ 71.1 66.5 67.3 71.7 68.1 64.0 56.3 50.8
Education and health services................. 35.6 34.5 34.2 35.7 35.8 35.1 34.5 32.1
Educational services......................... 26.8 30.6 27.4 29.1 30.3 31.1 30.7 28.7
Health care and social assistance............ 37.4 35.3 35.5 37.0 36.9 35.9 35.2 32.7
Leisure and hospitality....................... 83.4 82.0 84.5 85.5 85.9 83.5 74.3 63.4
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 88.6 88.7 88.3 86.8 82.0 83.7 74.7 65.1
Accommodation and food services............. 82.5 80.8 83.9 85.2 86.5 83.5 74.2 63.2
Other services................................ 46.8 48.7 48.3 52.2 47.1 47.2 43.3 45.3
Government..................................... 19.2 17.2 18.9 18.6 20.1 20.5 16.5 15.3
Federal....................................... 21.4 19.2 18.4 18.7 26.1 31.2 12.1 16.0
State and local............................... 18.9 16.9 19.0 18.6 19.3 19.0 17.2 15.2
REGION (2)
Northeast..................................... 39.0 40.4 43.2 42.7 40.4 39.0 35.7 35.5
South......................................... 48.8 47.3 50.2 51.4 51.6 49.0 42.1 38.1
Midwest....................................... 45.5 42.1 44.8 45.6 45.0 45.4 40.6 36.4
West.......................................... 47.7 45.8 46.9 50.6 50.2 47.9 44.5 38.0
1 The annual hires rate is the number of hires during the entire year as a percent of annual average
employment.
2 See footnote 7, table 1.
NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment
Statistics employment estimates.
Table 13. Annual total separations levels(1) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands)
Industry and region 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Total........................................... 60,412 57,847 59,666 62,107 62,661 62,125 59,640 53,679
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 56,498 54,027 55,654 58,234 58,467 57,882 56,111 50,112
Mining and Logging............................ 258 268 262 252 255 310 332 310
Construction.................................. 5,182 5,104 5,138 5,485 5,232 4,972 5,303 4,930
Manufacturing................................. 5,474 4,893 4,674 4,637 4,762 4,873 4,543 4,277
Durable goods................................ 3,305 2,992 2,850 2,887 2,770 2,884 2,736 2,600
Nondurable goods............................. 2,170 1,901 1,821 1,751 1,988 1,989 1,808 1,677
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 12,479 12,043 12,868 13,304 13,442 12,893 12,708 11,030
Wholesale trade.............................. 1,989 1,912 1,940 1,913 1,894 2,129 2,161 1,900
Retail trade................................. 8,710 8,330 8,946 9,239 9,513 8,931 8,612 7,172
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 1,782 1,799 1,982 2,152 2,034 1,835 1,935 1,955
Information................................... 1,355 1,088 1,039 1,072 1,139 997 919 928
Financial activities.......................... 2,620 2,504 2,738 2,710 2,949 3,260 2,845 2,528
Finance and insurance........................ 1,663 1,525 1,703 1,737 1,864 2,177 1,849 1,545
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 957 980 1,037 976 1,081 1,082 997 984
Professional and business services............ 11,562 10,356 10,624 11,467 11,424 11,187 10,784 9,146
Education and health services................. 5,316 5,408 5,402 5,769 5,908 5,913 6,035 5,850
Educational services......................... 621 774 693 753 835 852 840 855
Health care and social assistance............ 4,697 4,636 4,710 5,017 5,074 5,060 5,196 4,994
Leisure and hospitality....................... 9,790 9,738 10,278 10,712 10,861 10,940 10,208 8,568
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 1,525 1,577 1,643 1,587 1,497 1,602 1,496 1,319
Accommodation and food services............. 8,265 8,161 8,637 9,124 9,364 9,338 8,711 7,249
Other services................................ 2,460 2,625 2,634 2,818 2,498 2,537 2,438 2,549
Government..................................... 3,913 3,823 4,013 3,873 4,195 4,243 3,528 3,564
Federal....................................... 559 574 549 507 715 819 329 391
State and local............................... 3,355 3,249 3,464 3,365 3,478 3,426 3,199 3,174
REGION (2)
Northeast..................................... 10,008 9,700 10,276 10,199 9,861 9,536 9,800 9,370
South......................................... 22,362 22,112 22,388 23,524 24,353 23,858 22,092 19,641
Midwest....................................... 14,199 13,094 13,520 14,079 13,967 13,869 13,161 11,931
West.......................................... 13,841 12,942 13,481 14,306 14,480 14,863 14,589 12,741
1 The annual total separations level is the total number of total separations during the entire year.
2 See footnote 7, table 1.
NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment
Statistics employment estimates.
Table 14. Annual total separations rates(1) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Rates
Industry and region 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Total........................................... 46.3 44.5 45.4 46.5 46.0 45.1 43.6 41.0
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 51.9 49.8 50.7 52.0 51.2 50.2 49.1 46.2
Mining and Logging............................ 44.3 46.9 44.3 40.1 37.3 42.8 43.3 44.3
Construction.................................. 77.2 75.8 73.7 74.8 68.0 65.2 74.0 81.7
Manufacturing................................. 35.9 33.7 32.7 32.6 33.6 35.1 33.9 36.0
Durable goods................................ 34.8 33.4 31.9 32.2 30.8 32.7 32.3 35.6
Nondurable goods............................. 37.6 34.3 33.8 33.2 38.4 39.2 36.6 36.7
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 48.9 47.6 50.4 51.3 51.2 48.4 48.3 44.2
Wholesale trade.............................. 35.2 34.1 34.3 33.2 32.1 35.4 36.4 33.8
Retail trade................................. 58.0 55.8 59.4 60.5 62.0 57.5 56.4 49.4
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 37.0 37.8 41.2 43.8 40.5 36.0 38.2 40.8
Information................................... 39.9 34.1 33.3 35.0 37.5 32.9 30.8 33.1
Financial activities.......................... 33.4 31.4 34.1 33.2 35.4 39.3 34.9 32.6
Finance and insurance........................ 28.6 25.8 28.6 28.9 30.3 35.5 30.7 26.8
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 47.1 47.6 49.7 45.7 49.8 49.9 46.8 49.3
Professional and business services............ 72.4 64.8 64.8 67.6 65.0 62.4 60.8 55.2
Education and health services................. 32.8 32.6 31.9 33.2 33.1 32.3 32.0 30.5
Educational services......................... 23.5 28.7 25.1 26.6 28.8 29.0 27.6 27.7
Health care and social assistance............ 34.6 33.4 33.2 34.5 34.0 32.9 32.9 31.0
Leisure and hospitality....................... 81.7 80.0 82.3 83.6 82.8 81.5 76.0 65.4
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 85.5 87.0 88.8 83.9 77.6 81.4 75.9 68.9
Accommodation and food services............. 81.0 78.8 81.2 83.5 83.7 81.5 76.0 64.8
Other services................................ 45.8 48.6 48.7 52.2 45.9 46.2 44.2 47.5
Government..................................... 18.2 17.7 18.6 17.8 19.1 19.1 15.7 15.8
Federal....................................... 20.2 20.8 20.1 18.6 26.2 30.0 11.9 13.9
State and local............................... 17.9 17.3 18.3 17.6 18.1 17.6 16.2 16.1
REGION (2)
Northeast..................................... 40.1 39.2 41.4 40.8 38.9 37.1 38.0 37.7
South......................................... 48.6 47.9 47.7 49.1 49.7 48.0 44.7 41.5
Midwest....................................... 45.9 42.7 44.0 45.5 44.8 44.2 42.3 40.1
West.......................................... 48.7 45.5 46.5 48.0 47.4 48.1 47.9 43.9
1 The annual total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire year as a percent of annual average
employment.
2 See footnote 7, table 1.
NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment
Statistics employment estimates.
Table 15. Annual quits levels(1) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands)
Industry and region 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Total........................................... 32,375 29,351 31,852 34,964 36,327 35,108 31,074 21,964
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 30,472 27,593 30,011 33,116 34,246 33,094 29,374 20,689
Mining and Logging............................ 110 98 113 121 141 184 184 90
Construction.................................. 1,848 1,776 1,962 2,362 2,245 1,901 1,623 906
Manufacturing................................. 2,290 2,104 2,327 2,363 2,509 2,513 1,938 1,064
Durable goods................................ 1,324 1,274 1,400 1,427 1,454 1,424 1,068 519
Nondurable goods............................. 968 827 929 937 1,055 1,089 870 544
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 7,044 6,387 7,107 7,866 8,159 7,650 6,858 4,911
Wholesale trade.............................. 1,014 929 964 1,033 1,055 1,177 1,004 551
Retail trade................................. 5,176 4,699 5,323 5,850 5,996 5,550 4,897 3,615
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 856 762 822 983 1,111 927 956 744
Information................................... 720 592 571 700 794 579 469 409
Financial activities.......................... 1,422 1,407 1,609 1,563 1,766 1,899 1,492 918
Finance and insurance........................ 905 870 1,009 1,044 1,175 1,399 1,019 593
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 516 538 603 520 593 499 475 325
Professional and business services............ 5,963 4,667 5,050 5,588 5,988 5,795 5,186 3,398
Education and health services................. 3,286 3,243 3,361 3,701 3,799 3,731 3,538 3,057
Educational services......................... 326 364 355 400 443 414 395 328
Health care and social assistance............ 2,961 2,880 3,004 3,298 3,355 3,318 3,144 2,729
Leisure and hospitality....................... 6,330 5,920 6,287 7,111 7,483 7,440 6,730 4,808
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 681 567 543 657 619 633 557 421
Accommodation and food services............. 5,646 5,353 5,744 6,456 6,864 6,807 6,171 4,386
Other services................................ 1,460 1,403 1,623 1,739 1,361 1,403 1,360 1,128
Government..................................... 1,903 1,758 1,842 1,850 2,082 2,012 1,701 1,278
Federal....................................... 267 254 204 195 324 284 105 65
State and local............................... 1,635 1,500 1,637 1,655 1,759 1,730 1,597 1,214
REGION (2)
Northeast..................................... 4,905 4,272 4,668 5,225 5,316 4,708 4,622 3,294
South......................................... 12,435 11,902 12,842 14,052 15,116 14,475 12,426 8,645
Midwest....................................... 7,592 6,615 7,061 7,528 7,758 7,554 6,893 4,928
West.......................................... 7,444 6,560 7,280 8,160 8,141 8,370 7,131 5,100
1 The annual quits level is the total number of quits during the entire year.
2 See footnote 7, table 1.
NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment
Statistics employment estimates.
Table 16. Annual quits rates(1) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Rates
Industry and region 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Total........................................... 24.8 22.6 24.2 26.2 26.7 25.5 22.7 16.8
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 28.0 25.5 27.3 29.6 30.0 28.7 25.7 19.1
Mining and Logging............................ 18.9 17.1 19.1 19.3 20.6 25.4 24.0 12.9
Construction.................................. 27.5 26.4 28.1 32.2 29.2 24.9 22.7 15.0
Manufacturing................................. 15.0 14.5 16.3 16.6 17.7 18.1 14.5 9.0
Durable goods................................ 14.0 14.2 15.7 15.9 16.2 16.2 12.6 7.1
Nondurable goods............................. 16.8 14.9 17.2 17.8 20.4 21.5 17.6 11.9
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 27.6 25.3 27.8 30.3 31.1 28.7 26.1 19.7
Wholesale trade.............................. 17.9 16.6 17.0 17.9 17.9 19.6 16.9 9.8
Retail trade................................. 34.4 31.5 35.3 38.3 39.1 35.8 32.0 24.9
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 17.8 16.0 17.1 20.0 22.1 18.2 18.9 15.5
Information................................... 21.2 18.6 18.3 22.9 26.1 19.1 15.7 14.6
Financial activities.......................... 18.1 17.6 20.0 19.2 21.2 22.9 18.3 11.8
Finance and insurance........................ 15.6 14.7 17.0 17.3 19.1 22.8 16.9 10.3
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 25.4 26.2 28.9 24.4 27.3 23.0 22.3 16.3
Professional and business services............ 37.3 29.2 30.8 33.0 34.1 32.3 29.2 20.5
Education and health services................. 20.3 19.6 19.8 21.3 21.3 20.4 18.8 15.9
Educational services......................... 12.3 13.5 12.9 14.1 15.3 14.1 13.0 10.6
Health care and social assistance............ 21.8 20.7 21.2 22.7 22.5 21.6 19.9 16.9
Leisure and hospitality....................... 52.8 48.6 50.3 55.5 57.1 55.4 50.1 36.7
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 38.2 31.3 29.4 34.7 32.1 32.1 28.3 22.0
Accommodation and food services............. 55.3 51.7 54.0 59.1 61.4 59.4 53.8 39.2
Other services................................ 27.2 26.0 30.0 32.2 25.0 25.5 24.7 21.0
Government..................................... 8.8 8.1 8.5 8.5 9.5 9.1 7.6 5.7
Federal....................................... 9.7 9.2 7.5 7.1 11.9 10.4 3.8 2.3
State and local............................... 8.7 8.0 8.7 8.7 9.1 8.9 8.1 6.2
REGION (2)
Northeast..................................... 19.6 17.3 18.8 20.9 21.0 18.3 17.9 13.3
South......................................... 27.0 25.8 27.4 29.3 30.8 29.1 25.1 18.3
Midwest....................................... 24.6 21.6 23.0 24.3 24.9 24.1 22.1 16.6
West.......................................... 26.2 23.0 25.1 27.4 26.7 27.1 23.4 17.6
1 The annual quits rate is the number of quits during the entire year as a percent of annual average
employment.
2 See footnote 7, table 1.
NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment
Statistics employment estimates.
Table 17. Annual layoffs and discharges levels(1) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands)
Industry and region 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Total........................................... 23,325 23,959 23,389 22,774 21,460 22,557 24,549 27,790
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 22,124 22,666 22,011 21,476 20,094 21,197 23,368 26,154
Mining and Logging............................ 106 107 83 78 74 90 119 193
Construction.................................. 3,118 3,145 2,945 2,928 2,634 2,850 3,448 3,891
Manufacturing................................. 2,690 2,326 1,998 1,847 1,819 1,969 2,259 2,929
Durable goods................................ 1,653 1,414 1,219 1,154 1,022 1,208 1,445 1,892
Nondurable goods............................. 1,038 914 782 693 797 761 814 1,035
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 4,536 4,783 4,809 4,641 4,174 4,283 4,890 5,185
Wholesale trade.............................. 810 836 790 761 645 821 1,035 1,171
Retail trade................................. 2,990 3,141 3,070 2,922 2,848 2,754 3,061 2,960
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 735 805 946 957 681 706 796 1,055
Information................................... 534 426 390 272 259 316 378 438
Financial activities.......................... 950 771 785 863 869 1,107 1,105 1,389
Finance and insurance........................ 577 421 427 474 465 607 661 784
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 374 349 358 389 406 501 448 603
Professional and business services............ 4,637 4,924 4,907 5,080 4,585 4,749 4,997 5,115
Education and health services................. 1,626 1,732 1,655 1,680 1,686 1,737 2,042 2,255
Educational services......................... 247 359 287 301 339 388 396 469
Health care and social assistance............ 1,380 1,372 1,370 1,381 1,348 1,351 1,644 1,785
Leisure and hospitality....................... 3,090 3,408 3,584 3,232 3,053 3,175 3,161 3,467
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 804 966 1,061 907 836 911 899 859
Accommodation and food services............. 2,286 2,442 2,522 2,328 2,218 2,263 2,262 2,607
Other services................................ 841 1,042 853 855 937 915 968 1,291
Government..................................... 1,202 1,292 1,380 1,298 1,365 1,360 1,179 1,634
Federal....................................... 143 160 162 166 190 224 111 217
State and local............................... 1,058 1,134 1,217 1,134 1,174 1,135 1,070 1,419
REGION (2)
Northeast..................................... 4,201 4,530 4,689 4,201 3,675 4,002 4,395 5,335
South......................................... 8,297 8,548 7,946 7,967 7,470 7,912 8,300 9,554
Midwest....................................... 5,505 5,454 5,501 5,547 5,079 5,282 5,316 6,103
West.......................................... 5,318 5,429 5,257 5,058 5,236 5,359 6,538 6,797
1 The annual layoffs and discharges level is the total number of layoffs and discharges during the entire year.
2 See footnote 7, table 1.
NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment
Statistics employment estimates.
Table 18. Annual layoffs and discharges rates(1) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Rates
Industry and region 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Total........................................... 17.9 18.4 17.8 17.0 15.8 16.4 17.9 21.2
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 20.3 20.9 20.0 19.2 17.6 18.4 20.4 24.1
Mining and Logging............................ 18.2 18.7 14.0 12.4 10.8 12.4 15.5 27.6
Construction.................................. 46.4 46.7 42.2 39.9 34.2 37.4 48.1 64.5
Manufacturing................................. 17.6 16.0 14.0 13.0 12.9 14.2 16.9 24.6
Durable goods................................ 17.4 15.8 13.7 12.9 11.4 13.7 17.1 25.9
Nondurable goods............................. 18.0 16.5 14.5 13.1 15.4 15.0 16.5 22.6
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 17.8 18.9 18.8 17.9 15.9 16.1 18.6 20.8
Wholesale trade.............................. 14.3 14.9 14.0 13.2 10.9 13.6 17.4 20.8
Retail trade................................. 19.9 21.1 20.4 19.1 18.6 17.7 20.0 20.4
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 15.2 16.9 19.7 19.5 13.6 13.9 15.7 22.0
Information................................... 15.7 13.4 12.5 8.9 8.5 10.4 12.7 15.6
Financial activities.......................... 12.1 9.7 9.8 10.6 10.4 13.3 13.6 17.9
Finance and insurance........................ 9.9 7.1 7.2 7.9 7.6 9.9 11.0 13.6
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 18.4 17.0 17.2 18.2 18.7 23.1 21.0 30.2
Professional and business services............ 29.0 30.8 29.9 30.0 26.1 26.5 28.2 30.9
Education and health services................. 10.0 10.4 9.8 9.7 9.5 9.5 10.8 11.8
Educational services......................... 9.3 13.3 10.4 10.6 11.7 13.2 13.0 15.2
Health care and social assistance............ 10.2 9.9 9.7 9.5 9.0 8.8 10.4 11.1
Leisure and hospitality....................... 25.8 28.0 28.7 25.2 23.3 23.6 23.5 26.5
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 45.1 53.3 57.4 47.9 43.4 46.3 45.6 44.9
Accommodation and food services............. 22.4 23.6 23.7 21.3 19.8 19.8 19.7 23.3
Other services................................ 15.7 19.3 15.8 15.8 17.2 16.7 17.6 24.1
Government..................................... 5.6 6.0 6.4 6.0 6.2 6.1 5.2 7.2
Federal....................................... 5.2 5.8 5.9 6.1 7.0 8.2 4.0 7.7
State and local............................... 5.6 6.0 6.4 5.9 6.1 5.8 5.4 7.2
REGION (2)
Northeast..................................... 16.8 18.3 18.9 16.8 14.5 15.6 17.1 21.5
South......................................... 18.0 18.5 16.9 16.6 15.2 15.9 16.8 20.2
Midwest....................................... 17.8 17.8 17.9 17.9 16.3 16.9 17.1 20.5
West.......................................... 18.7 19.1 18.1 17.0 17.1 17.4 21.5 23.4
1 The annual layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire year as a percent of annual average
employment.
2 See footnote 7, table 1.
NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment
Statistics employment estimates.
Table 19. Annual other separations levels(1) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands)
Industry and region 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Total........................................... 4,711 4,537 4,425 4,369 4,871 4,464 4,018 3,921
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 3,901 3,766 3,634 3,646 4,125 3,592 3,370 3,273
Mining and Logging............................ 44 64 67 55 39 35 30 26
Construction.................................. 215 181 231 199 353 220 231 131
Manufacturing................................. 495 462 349 429 431 391 345 288
Durable goods................................ 327 305 237 309 294 251 223 190
Nondurable goods............................. 165 159 113 119 136 144 124 97
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 897 871 952 797 1,104 958 960 931
Wholesale trade.............................. 165 147 188 116 196 132 124 182
Retail trade................................. 543 492 551 469 668 623 650 597
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 191 232 214 211 242 200 186 155
Information................................... 102 67 76 101 84 101 75 76
Financial activities.......................... 246 326 341 287 310 256 244 221
Finance and insurance........................ 179 234 266 217 226 173 167 165
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 67 97 76 67 85 81 75 55
Professional and business services............ 964 768 669 796 849 646 603 632
Education and health services................. 407 435 385 389 424 443 455 538
Educational services......................... 50 50 51 54 53 51 47 55
Health care and social assistance............ 355 384 336 336 372 395 409 481
Leisure and hospitality....................... 369 410 406 365 326 323 315 295
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 37 46 38 26 42 59 40 39
Accommodation and food services............. 333 364 369 340 280 265 278 254
Other services................................ 160 181 156 227 201 216 112 130
Government..................................... 807 772 791 723 749 871 648 650
Federal....................................... 148 162 182 148 203 310 114 109
State and local............................... 661 610 610 576 546 562 535 541
REGION (2)
Northeast..................................... 898 891 916 775 871 820 779 740
South......................................... 1,632 1,665 1,604 1,507 1,769 1,475 1,372 1,445
Midwest....................................... 1,101 1,024 955 1,000 1,129 1,034 954 900
West.......................................... 1,079 951 948 1,088 1,105 1,134 916 839
1 The annual other separations level is the total number of other separations during the entire year.
2 See footnote 7, table 1.
NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment
Statistics employment estimates.
Table 20. Annual other separations rates(1) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Rates
Industry and region 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Total........................................... 3.6 3.5 3.4 3.3 3.6 3.2 2.9 3.0
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 3.6 3.5 3.3 3.3 3.6 3.1 2.9 3.0
Mining and Logging............................ 7.5 11.2 11.3 8.8 5.7 4.8 3.9 3.7
Construction.................................. 3.2 2.7 3.3 2.7 4.6 2.9 3.2 2.2
Manufacturing................................. 3.2 3.2 2.4 3.0 3.0 2.8 2.6 2.4
Durable goods................................ 3.4 3.4 2.7 3.5 3.3 2.8 2.6 2.6
Nondurable goods............................. 2.9 2.9 2.1 2.3 2.6 2.8 2.5 2.1
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 3.5 3.4 3.7 3.1 4.2 3.6 3.7 3.7
Wholesale trade.............................. 2.9 2.6 3.3 2.0 3.3 2.2 2.1 3.2
Retail trade................................. 3.6 3.3 3.7 3.1 4.4 4.0 4.3 4.1
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 4.0 4.9 4.4 4.3 4.8 3.9 3.7 3.2
Information................................... 3.0 2.1 2.4 3.3 2.8 3.3 2.5 2.7
Financial activities.......................... 3.1 4.1 4.2 3.5 3.7 3.1 3.0 2.8
Finance and insurance........................ 3.1 4.0 4.5 3.6 3.7 2.8 2.8 2.9
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 3.3 4.7 3.6 3.1 3.9 3.7 3.5 2.8
Professional and business services............ 6.0 4.8 4.1 4.7 4.8 3.6 3.4 3.8
Education and health services................. 2.5 2.6 2.3 2.2 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.8
Educational services......................... 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.5 1.8
Health care and social assistance............ 2.6 2.8 2.4 2.3 2.5 2.6 2.6 3.0
Leisure and hospitality....................... 3.1 3.4 3.2 2.8 2.5 2.4 2.3 2.3
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 2.1 2.5 2.1 1.4 2.2 3.0 2.0 2.0
Accommodation and food services............. 3.3 3.5 3.5 3.1 2.5 2.3 2.4 2.3
Other services................................ 3.0 3.4 2.9 4.2 3.7 3.9 2.0 2.4
Government..................................... 3.8 3.6 3.7 3.3 3.4 3.9 2.9 2.9
Federal....................................... 5.4 5.9 6.7 5.4 7.4 11.3 4.1 3.9
State and local............................... 3.5 3.2 3.2 3.0 2.8 2.9 2.7 2.7
REGION (2)
Northeast..................................... 3.6 3.6 3.7 3.1 3.4 3.2 3.0 3.0
South......................................... 3.5 3.6 3.4 3.1 3.6 3.0 2.8 3.1
Midwest....................................... 3.6 3.3 3.1 3.2 3.6 3.3 3.1 3.0
West.......................................... 3.8 3.3 3.3 3.6 3.6 3.7 3.0 2.9
1 The annual other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire year as a percent of annual average
employment.
2 See footnote 7, table 1.
NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment
Statistics employment estimates.
United States Department of Labor
