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Economic News Release
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JOLTS JLT Program Links

Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey News Release

For release 10:00 a.m. (ET) Wednesday, March 9, 2022	USDL-22-0413
Technical information:	(202) 691-5870  •  JoltsInfo@bls.gov  •  www.bls.gov/jlt
Media contact:		(202) 691-5902  •  PressOffice@bls.gov

(NOTE: This news release was reissued on March 10, 2022, correcting a reference month in the paragraph 
detailing hires data. The correct reference month is January, not December.)

			      JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – JANUARY 2022

The number of job openings was little changed at 11.3 million on the last business day of January, the 
U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Hires and total separations were little changed at 6.5 
million and 6.1 million, respectively. Within separations, the quits rate decreased to 2.8 percent. The 
layoffs and discharges rate was little changed at 0.9 percent. This release includes estimates of the 
number and rate of job openings, hires, and separations for the total nonfarm sector, by industry, by four 
geographic regions, and by establishment size class. The release also includes 2021 annual estimates for 
hires and separations. The annual number of hires and quits in 2021 increased to 75.6 million and 47.8 
million, respectively. The annual number of layoffs and discharges decreased to 17.0 million in 2021.
    
Job Openings

On the last business day of January, the number and rate of job openings were little changed at 11.3 
million and 7.0 percent, respectively. Job openings decreased in several industries, with the largest 
decreases in accommodation and food services (-288,000); transportation, warehousing, and utilities     
(-132,000); and federal government (-60,000). Job openings increased in other services (+136,000) and 
in durable goods manufacturing (+85,000). Job openings decreased in the West region. (See table 1.)

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________
|				   Revisions to the JOLTS Estimates					 |
|													 |
|Job openings, hires, and separations have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current |
|Employment Statistics employment data and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors. See the revision 	 |
|section at the end of this release for more information. 						 |
|________________________________________________________________________________________________________|


Hires

In January, the number of hires was little changed at 6.5 million. The hires rate was unchanged at 4.3 
percent. Hires were little changed in all industries. The number of hires was little changed in all four 
regions. (See table 2.)

Separations

Total separations includes quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Quits are generally 
voluntary separations initiated by the employee. Therefore, the quits rate can serve as a measure of 
workers’ willingness or ability to leave jobs. Layoffs and discharges are involuntary separations initiated 
by the employer. Other separations includes separations due to retirement, death, disability, and transfers 
to other locations of the same firm.

In January, the number and rate of total separations were little changed at 6.1 million and 4.0 percent, 
respectively. Among the industries, total separations decreased for federal government (-13,000). The 
number of total separations was little changed in all four regions. (See table 3.)

The number of quits edged down in January to 4.3 million (-151,000). The quits rate decreased to 2.8 
percent. Quits decreased in retail trade (-69,000) and in information (-20,000) but increased in finance 
and insurance (+30,000). The number of quits decreased in the Midwest region. (See table 4.)

In January, the number and rate of layoffs and discharges were little changed at 1.4 million and 0.9 
percent, respectively. Layoffs and discharges increased in retail trade (+48,000) and in information 
(+40,000) but decreased in federal government (-12,000). The number of layoffs and discharges 
increased in the Northeast region. (See table 5.)

The number of other separations was little changed in January at 391,000. Other separations increased 
in transportation, warehousing, and utilities (+10,000) and in durable goods manufacturing (+8,000). 
The other separations level decreased in information (-9,000); state and local government education      
(-9,000); and in arts, entertainment, and recreation (-3,000). Other separations were little changed in all 
four regions. (See table 6.) 

Net Change in Employment

Large numbers of hires and separations occur every month throughout the business cycle. Net 
employment change results from the relationship between hires and separations. When the number of 
hires exceeds the number of separations, employment rises, even if the hires level is steady or declining. 
Conversely, when the number of hires is less than the number of separations, employment declines, even 
if the hires level is steady or rising.

Over the 12 months ending in January 2022, hires totaled 76.4 million and separations totaled 70.0 
million, yielding a net employment gain of 6.4 million. These totals include workers who may have been 
hired and separated more than once during the year.

Establishment Size Class

In January, the job openings rate increased in large establishments with 5,000 or more employees. The 
quits rate decreased in large establishments with 250 to 999 and 1,000 to 4,999 employees. For a more 
in-depth description of the JOLTS establishment size class estimates, please visit 
www.bls.gov/jlt/sizeclassmethodology.htm.

Annual Levels and Rates

Consistent with BLS practice, annual estimates are published for not seasonally adjusted data and are 
published with the January news release each year. Annual estimates are not calculated for job openings 
because job openings are a stock, or point-in-time, measurement for the last business day of each month.
Calculating annual levels and rates allows additional comparisons across years. Annual levels for hires, 
quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total separations are the sum of the 12 revised 
monthly levels. Annual rates are computed by dividing the annual level by the Current Employment
Statistics (CES) annual average employment level and multiplying that quotient by 100.

In 2021, there were 75.6 million hires, an increase of 2.9 million from 2020. Total separations decreased 
by 11.7 million in 2021 to 69.0 million. Quits increased to a series high of 47.8 million in 2021, a gain 
of 12.0 million (JOLTS annual estimates are available back to 2001). Quits comprised 69.3 percent of 
total separations. Layoffs and discharges decreased by 23.8 million in 2021 to a series low of 17.0 
million and comprised 24.6 percent of total separations. Other separations increased by 94,000 in 2021 
to 4.2 million and comprised 6.1 percent of total separations. (See tables 13 through 22.)

The annual hires rate for 2021 was 51.7 percent, a 0.6 percentage point increase from 2020. The annual 
total separations rate for 2021 was 47.2 percent, down 9.6 percentage points from the previous year. The 
annual rates for the components of total separations were 32.7 percent for quits, 11.6 percent for layoffs 
and discharges, and 2.9 percent for other separations. (See tables 13 through 22.)
____________
The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey estimates for February 2022 are scheduled to be 
released on Tuesday, March 29, 2022 at 10:00 a.m. (ET).


Table A.  Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                 |     Job openings     |         Hires         |    Total separations
                                 |----------------------------------------------------------------------
           Category              |Jan.	|Dec.	|Jan.	|Jan.	|Dec.	|Jan.	|Jan.	|Dec.	|Jan.	
                                 |2021	|2021	|2022p	|2021	|2021	|2022p	|2021	|2021	|2022p	
---------------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------
                                 |	|	|	|	|	|	|	|	|
      LEVELS BY INDUSTRY         |	|	|	|	|	|	|	|	|
        (in thousands)           |	|	|	|	|	|	|	|	|
                                 |----------------------------------------------------------------------
Total............................|7,232	|11,448	|11,263	|5,719	|6,450	|6,457	|5,172	|6,042	|6,058
                                 |	|	|	|	|	|	|	|	|
 Total private...................|6,487	|10,343	|10,234	|5,335	|6,062	|6,059	|4,887	|5,648	|5,687
  Mining and logging.............|20	|34	|25	|14	|20	|17	|20	|17	|21
  Construction...................|299	|359	|380	|351	|361	|298	|340	|329	|305
  Manufacturing..................|522	|746	|855	|353	|457	|483	|368	|434	|476
   Durable goods.................|295	|422	|507	|198	|258	|267	|217	|244	|266
   Nondurable goods..............|227	|324	|349	|155	|199	|216	|151	|190	|211
  Trade, transportation,         |	|	|	|	|	|	|	|	|
   and utilities.................|1,381	|1,942	|1,834	|1,255	|1,377	|1,411	|1,129	|1,330	|1,341
   Wholesale trade...............|188	|295	|309	|154	|170	|174	|143	|142	|163
   Retail trade..................|811	|1,036	|1,046	|790	|901	|923	|720	|916	|889
   Transportation, warehousing,  |	|	|	|	|	|	|	|	|
    and utilities................|382	|611	|479	|311	|306	|314	|266	|272	|289
  Information....................|161	|232	|234	|92	|111	|126	|70	|112	|123
  Financial activities...........|276	|470	|538	|205	|229	|239	|203	|206	|233
   Finance and insurance.........|197	|355	|411	|130	|145	|161	|140	|135	|163
   Real estate and               |	|	|	|	|	|	|	|	|
    rental and leasing...........|79	|115	|127	|75	|84	|77	|64	|70	|70
  Professional and business      |	|	|	|	|	|	|	|	|
   services......................|1,452	|2,021	|2,065	|1,184	|1,212	|1,232	|1,036	|1,150	|1,105
  Education and health           |	|	|	|	|	|	|	|	|
   services......................|1,355	|2,187	|2,129	|672	|846	|830	|640	|800	|804
   Educational services..........|152	|217	|185	|125	|102	|96	|40	|84	|87
   Health care and social        |	|	|	|	|	|	|	|	|
    assistance...................|1,204	|1,970	|1,944	|547	|744	|734	|600	|716	|717
  Leisure and hospitality........|779	|1,990	|1,676	|996	|1,192	|1,191	|873	|1,029	|1,052
   Arts, entertainment, and      |	|	|	|	|	|	|	|	|
    recreation...................|90	|205	|179	|150	|165	|156	|109	|123	|139
   Accommodation and food        |	|	|	|	|	|	|	|	|
    services.....................|689	|1,785	|1,497	|847	|1,027	|1,034	|764	|906	|912
  Other services.................|243	|362	|498	|214	|256	|232	|207	|241	|227
 Government......................|746	|1,105	|1,029	|383	|388	|398	|284	|395	|371
  Federal........................|101	|167	|107	|43	|45	|40	|53	|57	|44
  State and local................|644	|938	|922	|341	|344	|358	|231	|338	|326
   State and local education.....|314	|361	|355	|201	|183	|198	|77	|174	|163
   State and local, excluding    |	|	|	|	|	|	|	|	|
    education....................|330	|577	|567	|139	|161	|160	|154	|163	|164
                                 |----------------------------------------------------------------------
                                 |	|	|	|	|	|	|	|	|	
     RATES BY INDUSTRY           |	|	|	|	|	|	|	|	|	
         (percent)               |	|	|	|	|	|	|	|	|	
                                 |----------------------------------------------------------------------
Total............................|4.8	|7.1	|7.0	|4.0	|4.3	|4.3	|3.6	|4.1	|4.0	
                                 |	|	|	|	|	|	|	|	|
 Total private...................|5.1	|7.5	|7.4	|4.4	|4.8	|4.8	|4.0	|4.4	|4.5	
  Mining and logging.............|3.5	|5.5	|4.2	|2.5	|3.5	|3.0	|3.7	|2.9	|3.6	
  Construction...................|3.9	|4.6	|4.8	|4.8	|4.8	|4.0	|4.6	|4.4	|4.1	
  Manufacturing..................|4.1	|5.6	|6.4	|2.9	|3.6	|3.8	|3.0	|3.5	|3.8	
   Durable goods.................|3.7	|5.1	|6.1	|2.6	|3.3	|3.4	|2.9	|3.1	|3.4	
   Nondurable goods..............|4.7	|6.4	|6.9	|3.4	|4.2	|4.6	|3.3	|4.0	|4.4	
  Trade, transportation,         |	|	|	|	|	|	|	|	|
   and utilities.................|4.8	|6.4	|6.1	|4.6	|4.9	|5.0	|4.1	|4.7	|4.7	
   Wholesale trade...............|3.2	|4.9	|5.1	|2.7	|3.0	|3.0	|2.5	|2.5	|2.8	
   Retail trade..................|5.1	|6.2	|6.3	|5.2	|5.8	|5.9	|4.7	|5.9	|5.7	
   Transportation, warehousing,  |	|	|	|	|	|	|	|	|
    and utilities................|5.6	|8.2	|6.5	|4.8	|4.5	|4.6	|4.1	|4.0	|4.2	
  Information....................|5.5	|7.4	|7.4	|3.3	|3.8	|4.3	|2.5	|3.8	|4.2	
  Financial activities...........|3.1	|5.0	|5.7	|2.3	|2.6	|2.7	|2.3	|2.3	|2.6	
   Finance and insurance.........|2.9	|5.1	|5.9	|2.0	|2.2	|2.5	|2.1	|2.1	|2.5	
   Real estate and rental        |	|	|	|	|	|	|	|	|
    and leasing..................|3.5	|4.8	|5.2	|3.4	|3.6	|3.3	|2.9	|3.0	|3.0	
  Professional and business      |	|	|	|	|	|	|	|	|
   services......................|6.5	|8.5	|8.6	|5.7	|5.6	|5.6	|5.0	|5.3	|5.0	
  Education and health           |	|	|	|	|	|	|	|	|
   services......................|5.5	|8.4	|8.2	|2.9	|3.5	|3.5	|2.7	|3.3	|3.4	
   Educational services..........|4.2	|5.5	|4.7	|3.6	|2.8	|2.6	|1.1	|2.3	|2.3	
   Health care and social        |	|	|	|	|	|	|	|	|
    assistance...................|5.7	|8.9	|8.8	|2.7	|3.7	|3.6	|3.0	|3.5	|3.5	
   Leisure and hospitality.......|5.7	|11.7	|9.9	|7.7	|7.9	|7.8	|6.8	|6.8	|6.9	
    Arts, entertainment, and     |	|	|	|	|	|	|	|	|
     recreation..................|4.9	|8.6	|7.5	|8.5	|7.5	|7.1	|6.2	|5.6	|6.3	
    Accommodation and food       |	|	|	|	|	|	|	|	|
     services....................|5.8	|12.2	|10.3	|7.6	|8.0	|7.9	|6.9	|7.0	|7.0	
   Other services................|4.4	|6.1	|8.1	|4.0	|4.6	|4.1	|3.9	|4.3	|4.0	
 Government......................|3.3	|4.8	|4.4	|1.8	|1.8	|1.8	|1.3	|1.8	|1.7	
  Federal........................|3.4	|5.5	|3.6	|1.5	|1.6	|1.4	|1.9	|2.0	|1.5	
  State and local................|3.3	|4.6	|4.6	|1.8	|1.8	|1.9	|1.2	|1.8	|1.7	
   State and local education.....|3.1	|3.4	|3.3	|2.0	|1.8	|1.9	|0.8	|1.7	|1.6	
   State and local, excluding    |	|	|	|	|	|	|	|	|
    education....................|3.5	|6.0	|5.9	|1.5	|1.8	|1.8	|1.7	|1.8	|1.8	
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  (p) Preliminary
  NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics 
  employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.


			   Revisions to Job Openings and Labor Turnover Data

The JOLTS data are revised annually to reflect updates to the Current Employment Statistics (CES) 
employment estimates. The JOLTS employment levels (not published) are ratio-adjusted to the CES 
employment levels, and the resulting ratios are applied to all JOLTS data elements. This annual 
benchmarking process results in revisions to both the seasonally adjusted and not seasonally adjusted 
JOLTS data series. The seasonally adjusted data are recalculated for the most recent 5 years in order to 
reflect updated seasonal adjustment factors. Further, the alignment methodology creates a dependency of 
the not seasonally adjusted estimates on the seasonal adjustment process. Therefore, the data series that 
are not seasonally adjusted are also recalculated for the most recent 5 years in order to reflect the effect 
of the updated seasonal adjustment factors on the alignment process.

Tables B through G below present revised total nonfarm data for January through December 2021. The 
December 2021 revisions also reflect the routine incorporation of additional sample receipts into the 
final December estimates. Tables presenting revisions to total nonfarm data for January 2017 through 
December 2021 will be available on the JOLTS website later in the day following the release. The 
website also contains all revised seasonally adjusted and not seasonally adjusted data. The revision 
tables and data can be accessed through the JOLTS homepage at www.bls.gov/jlt/.

Table B. Revisions in job openings data January 2021 - December 2021,
seasonally adjusted
_________________________________________________________________________________
          |                                   |
          |          Levels (in thousands)    |           Rates (percent)
   Year   |---------------------------------- |----------------------------------
   and    |     As     |    As   |            |     As     |    As   |
   month  | previously | revised | Difference | previously | revised | Difference
          | published  |         |            | published  |         |
_________________________________________________________________________________
   2021   |            |         |            |            |         |
January...|    7,099   |  7,232  |    133     |     4.7    |  4.8    |    0.1
February..|    7,526   |  7,860  |    334     |     5.0    |  5.2    |     .2
March.....|    8,288   |  8,480  |    192     |     5.4    |  5.5    |     .1
April.....|    9,193   |  9,265  |     72     |     6.0    |  6.0    |     .0
May.......|    9,483   |  9,639  |    156     |     6.1    |  6.2    |     .1
June......|   10,185   |  9,852  |   -333     |     6.5    |  6.3    |    -.2
July......|   11,098   | 10,783  |   -315     |     7.0    |  6.9    |    -.1
August....|   10,629   | 10,629  |      0     |     6.7    |  6.7    |     .0
September.|   10,602   | 10,673  |     71     |     6.7    |  6.8    |     .1
October...|   11,091   | 11,094  |      3     |     7.0    |  7.0    |     .0
November..|   10,775   | 10,922  |    147     |     6.8    |  6.8    |     .0
December..|   10,925   | 11,448  |    523     |     6.8    |  7.1    |     .3
__________|____________|_________|____________|____________|_________|___________

Table C. Revisions in hires data January 2021 - December 2021,
seasonally adjusted
_________________________________________________________________________________
          |                                   |
          |          Levels (in thousands)    |           Rates (percent)
   Year   |---------------------------------- |----------------------------------
   and    |     As     |    As   |            |     As     |    As   |
   month  | previously | revised | Difference | previously | revised | Difference
          | published  |         |            | published  |         |
_________________________________________________________________________________
   2021   |            |         |            |            |         |
January...|    5,465   |  5,719  |    254     |     3.8    |  4.0    |    0.2
February..|    5,794   |  6,028  |    234     |     4.0    |  4.2    |     .2
March.....|    6,006   |  6,208  |    202     |     4.2    |  4.3    |     .1
April.....|    6,012   |  6,121  |    109     |     4.2    |  4.2    |     .0
May.......|    6,022   |  6,092  |     70     |     4.2    |  4.2    |     .0
June......|    6,827   |  6,414  |   -413     |     4.7    |  4.4    |    -.3
July......|    6,761   |  6,556  |   -205     |     4.6    |  4.5    |    -.1
August....|    6,497   |  6,362  |   -135     |     4.4    |  4.3    |    -.1
September.|    6,546   |  6,504  |    -42     |     4.4    |  4.4    |     .0
October...|    6,506   |  6,460  |    -46     |     4.4    |  4.4    |     .0
November..|    6,596   |  6,705  |    109     |     4.4    |  4.5    |     .1
December..|    6,263   |  6,450  |    187     |     4.2    |  4.3    |     .1
__________|____________|_________|____________|____________|_________|___________

Table D. Revisions in total separations data January 2021 - December 2021,
seasonally adjusted
_________________________________________________________________________________
          |                                   |
          |          Levels (in thousands)    |           Rates (percent)
   Year   |---------------------------------- |----------------------------------
   and    |     As     |    As   |            |     As     |    As   |
   month  | previously | revised | Difference | previously | revised | Difference
          | published  |         |            | published  |         |
_________________________________________________________________________________
   2021   |            |         |            |            |         |
January...|    5,323   |  5,172  |   -151     |     3.7    |  3.6    |   -0.1
February..|    5,429   |  5,400  |    -29     |     3.8    |  3.8    |     .0
March.....|    5,436   |  5,540  |    104     |     3.8    |  3.8    |     .0
April.....|    5,803   |  5,753  |    -50     |     4.0    |  4.0    |     .0
May.......|    5,330   |  5,513  |    183     |     3.7    |  3.8    |     .1
June......|    5,612   |  5,793  |    181     |     3.8    |  4.0    |     .2
July......|    5,792   |  5,874  |     82     |     3.9    |  4.0    |     .1
August....|    6,032   |  5,913  |   -119     |     4.1    |  4.0    |    -.1
September.|    6,147   |  6,008  |   -139     |     4.2    |  4.1    |    -.1
October...|    5,891   |  5,852  |    -39     |     4.0    |  4.0    |     .0
November..|    6,205   |  6,197  |     -8     |     4.2    |  4.2    |     .0
December..|    5,900   |  6,042  |    142     |     4.0    |  4.1    |     .1
__________|____________|_________|____________|____________|_________|___________

Table E. Revisions in quits data January 2021 - December 2021,
seasonally adjusted
_________________________________________________________________________________
          |                                   |
          |          Levels (in thousands)    |           Rates (percent)
   Year   |---------------------------------- |----------------------------------
   and    |     As     |    As   |            |     As     |    As   |
   month  | previously | revised | Difference | previously | revised | Difference
          | published  |         |            | published  |         |
_________________________________________________________________________________
   2021   |            |         |            |            |         |
January...|    3,306   |  3,311  |      5     |     2.3    |  2.3    |    0.0
February..|    3,383   |  3,439  |     56     |     2.4    |  2.4    |     .0
March.....|    3,568   |  3,695  |    127     |     2.5    |  2.6    |     .1
April.....|    3,992   |  4,015  |     23     |     2.8    |  2.8    |     .0
May.......|    3,630   |  3,838  |    208     |     2.5    |  2.6    |     .1
June......|    3,870   |  4,035  |    165     |     2.7    |  2.8    |     .1
July......|    4,028   |  4,088  |     60     |     2.7    |  2.8    |     .1
August....|    4,270   |  4,126  |   -144     |     2.9    |  2.8    |    -.1
September.|    4,362   |  4,253  |   -109     |     3.0    |  2.9    |    -.1
October...|    4,157   |  4,132  |    -25     |     2.8    |  2.8    |     .0
November..|    4,499   |  4,510  |     11     |     3.0    |  3.0    |     .0
December..|    4,338   |  4,403  |     65     |     2.9    |  3.0    |     .1
__________|____________|_________|____________|____________|_________|___________

Table F. Revisions in layoffs and discharges data January 2021 - December 2021,
seasonally adjusted
_________________________________________________________________________________
          |                                   |
          |          Levels (in thousands)    |           Rates (percent)
   Year   |---------------------------------- |----------------------------------
   and    |     As     |    As   |            |     As     |    As   |
   month  | previously | revised | Difference | previously | revised | Difference
          | published  |         |            | published  |         |
_________________________________________________________________________________
   2021   |            |         |            |            |         |
January...|    1,724   |  1,582  |   -142     |     1.2    |  1.1    |   -0.1
February..|    1,723   |  1,641  |    -82     |     1.2    |  1.1    |    -.1
March.....|    1,525   |  1,512  |    -13     |     1.1    |  1.0    |    -.1
April.....|    1,450   |  1,384  |    -66     |     1.0    |  1.0    |     .0
May.......|    1,353   |  1,343  |    -10     |      .9    |   .9    |     .0
June......|    1,354   |  1,361  |      7     |      .9    |   .9    |     .0
July......|    1,423   |  1,440  |     17     |     1.0    |  1.0    |     .0
August....|    1,385   |  1,404  |     19     |      .9    |  1.0    |     .1
September.|    1,396   |  1,405  |      9     |      .9    |  1.0    |     .1
October...|    1,350   |  1,342  |     -8     |      .9    |   .9    |     .0
November..|    1,309   |  1,295  |    -14     |      .9    |   .9    |     .0
December..|    1,169   |  1,262  |     93     |      .8    |   .8    |     .0
__________|____________|_________|____________|____________|_________|___________

Table G. Revisions in other separations data January 2021 - December 2021,
seasonally adjusted
_________________________________________________________________________________
          |                                   |
          |          Levels (in thousands)    |           Rates (percent)
   Year   |---------------------------------- |----------------------------------
   and    |     As     |    As   |            |     As     |    As   |
   month  | previously | revised | Difference | previously | revised | Difference
          | published  |         |            | published  |         |
_________________________________________________________________________________
   2021   |            |         |            |            |         |
January...|      294   |    278  |    -16     |     0.2    |  0.2    |    0.0
February..|      323   |    319  |     -4     |      .2    |   .2    |     .0
March.....|      343   |    333  |    -10     |      .2    |   .2    |     .0
April.....|      360   |    354  |     -6     |      .2    |   .2    |     .0
May.......|      347   |    333  |    -14     |      .2    |   .2    |     .0
June......|      389   |    397  |      8     |      .3    |   .3    |     .0
July......|      341   |    346  |      5     |      .2    |   .2    |     .0
August....|      378   |    383  |      5     |      .3    |   .3    |     .0
September.|      388   |    349  |    -39     |      .3    |   .2    |    -.1
October...|      385   |    379  |     -6     |      .3    |   .3    |     .0
November..|      397   |    393  |     -4     |      .3    |   .3    |     .0
December..|      392   |    377  |    -15     |      .3    |   .3    |     .0
__________|____________|_________|____________|____________|_________|___________

Technical Note

This news release presents statistics from the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The JOLTS 
program provides information on labor demand and turnover. Additional information about the JOLTS program can 
be found at www.bls.gov/jlt/. Estimates are published for job openings, hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, 
other separations, and total separations. The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments, as well as 
federal, state, and local government entities in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Industries are classified in 
accordance with the North American Industry Classification System.

Definitions

Employment.  Employment includes persons on the payroll who worked or received pay for the pay period that 
includes the 12th day of the reference month. Full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term, seasonal, salaried, and 
hourly employees are included, as are employees on paid vacation or other paid leave. Proprietors or partners of 
unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, or employees on strike for the entire pay period, and employees 
on leave without pay for the entire pay period are not counted as employed. Employees of temporary help agencies, 
employee leasing companies, outside contractors, and consultants are counted by their employer of record, not by 
the establishment where they are working.

Job Openings.  Job openings include all positions that are open on the last business day of the reference month. 

A job is open only if it meets all three of these conditions: 
* A specific position exists and there is work available for that position. The position can be full-time or part-
time, and it can be permanent, short-term, or seasonal. 
* The job could start within 30 days, whether or not the employer can find a suitable candidate during that time. 
* The employer is actively recruiting workers from outside the establishment to fill the position. Active 
recruiting means that the establishment is taking steps to fill a position. It may include advertising in 
newspapers, on television, or on the radio; posting Internet notices, posting “help wanted” signs, 
networking or making “word-of-mouth” announcements; accepting applications; interviewing candidates; 
contacting employment agencies; or soliciting employees at job fairs, state or local employment offices, or 
similar sources.

Excluded are positions open only to internal transfers, promotions or demotions, or recall from layoffs. Also 
excluded are openings for positions with start dates more than 30 days in the future, positions for which employees 
have been hired but the employees have not yet reported for work, and positions to be filled by employees of 
temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The job openings rate is 
computed by dividing the number of job openings by the sum of employment and job openings and multiplying that 
quotient by 100.

Hires.  Hires include all additions to the payroll during the entire reference month, including newly hired and 
rehired employees; full-time and part-time employees; permanent, short-term, and seasonal employees; employees 
who were recalled to a job at the location following a layoff (formal suspension from pay status) lasting more than 7 
days; on-call or intermittent employees who returned to work after having been formally separated; workers who 
were hired and separated during the month, and transfers from other locations. Excluded are transfers or promotions 
within the reporting location, employees returning from strike, employees of temporary help agencies, employee 
leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The hires rate is computed by dividing the number of hires by 
employment and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Separations.  Separations include all separations from the payroll during the entire reference month and is 
reported by type of separation: quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Quits include employees who 
left voluntarily with the exception of retirements or transfers to other locations. Layoffs and discharges includes 
involuntary separations initiated by the employer including layoffs with no intent to rehire; layoffs (formal 
suspensions from pay status) lasting or expected to last more than 7 days; discharges resulting from mergers, 
downsizing, or closings; firings or other discharges for cause; terminations of permanent or short-term employees; 
and terminations of seasonal employees (whether or not they are expected to return the next season). Other 
separations include retirements, transfers to other locations, separations due to employee disability; and deaths. 
Excluded from separations are transfers within the same location; employees on strike; employees of temporary help 
agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The separations rate is computed by 
dividing the number of separations by employment and multiplying that quotient by 100. The quits, layoffs and 
discharges, and other separations rates are computed similarly.

Estimation Method

The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random sample of 20,700 nonfarm business and government 
establishments. The sample is stratified by ownership, region, industry sector, and establishment size class. The 
establishments are drawn from a universe of over 9.4 million establishments compiled by the Quarterly Census of 
Employment and Wages (QCEW) program which includes all employers subject to state unemployment insurance 
laws and federal agencies subject to the Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees program.

Employment estimates are benchmarked, or ratio adjusted, monthly to the strike-adjusted employment estimates 
of the Current Employment Statistics (CES) survey. A ratio of CES to JOLTS employment is used to adjust the 
levels for all other JOLTS data elements.

Birth/death model.  The time lag from the start up, or birth, of an establishment until its appearance on the 
sampling frame is approximately one year. Also within the first year, new businesses may go out of business, 
referred to as a death. Because not all births and deaths of establishments can be reflected on the sampling frame 
immediately, the JOLTS sample cannot capture job openings, hires, and separations from them during their early 
existence. BLS has developed a birth/death model that uses establishment birth and death activity from previous 
years. The estimates of job openings, hires, and separations produced by the birth/death model are added to the 
sample-based estimates produced from the survey to arrive at the estimates for job openings, hires, and separations.

Alignment.  The JOLTS figure for hires minus separations can be used to derive a measure of net employment 
change. This change should be comparable to the net employment change from the much larger CES survey. 
However, definitional differences as well as sampling and non- sampling errors between the two surveys historically 
caused JOLTS to diverge from CES over time. To limit the divergence, and improve the quality of the JOLTS hires 
and separations series, BLS implemented the monthly alignment method. There are four steps to this method: 
seasonally adjust, align, back out the seasonal adjustment factors, and re-seasonally adjust.

Seasonal adjustment.  BLS uses X-13 ARIMA for seasonal adjustment. A concurrent seasonal adjustment 
methodology is used in which new seasonal adjustment factors are calculated each month, using all relevant data, up 
to and including current month data. JOLTS seasonal adjustment includes both additive and multiplicative models 
and REGARIMA (regression with auto-correlated errors) modeling to improve the seasonal adjustment factors at the 
beginning and end of the series and to detect and adjust for outliers in the series. The seasonally adjusted CES 
employment trends are applied to the seasonally adjusted JOLTS implied employment trends (hires minus 
separations) forcing them to be approximately the same, while preserving the seasonality of the JOLTS data. 

Annual estimates.  The JOLTS estimates are revised annually to reflect annual updates to the CES employment 
estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors. The JOLTS employment levels (not published) are ratio-
adjusted to the CES employment levels, and the resulting ratios are applied to all JOLTS data elements. The 
seasonally adjusted data are recalculated for the most recent 5 years in order to reflect updated seasonal adjustment 
factors. These annual updates result in revisions to both the seasonally adjusted and not seasonally adjusted JOLTS 
data series, for the period since the last benchmark was established.

Annual levels for hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total separations are the sum of the 
12 published monthly levels. Annual rates are computed by dividing the annual level by the Current Employment 
Statistics (CES) annual average employment level, and multiplying that quotient by 100. This figure will be 
approximately equal to the sum of the 12 monthly rates. Consistent with BLS practice, annual estimates are 
published only for not seasonally adjusted data and are released with the January news release each year. Annual 
estimates are not calculated for job openings because job openings are a stock, or point-in-time, measurement for the 
last business day of each month.

Reliability of the estimates

JOLTS estimates are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. Nonsampling error occurs when a sample 
is surveyed rather than the entire population. There is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the true 
population values they represent. The difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the particular sample 
selected. This variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. BLS analysis is generally conducted at 
the 90-percent level of confidence. That means that there is a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that an 
estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value because of 
sampling error. Sampling error estimates are available at www.bls.gov/jlt/jolts_median_standard_errors.htm.

The JOLTS estimates also are affected by nonsampling error. Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons 
including: the failure to include a segment of the population; the inability to obtain data from all units in the sample; 
the inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide data on a timely basis; mistakes made by respondents; errors 
made in the collection or processing of the data; and errors from the employment benchmark data used in estimation.

Other information

If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access telecommunications relay 
services.

Table 1. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
Jan.
2021
Sept.
2021
Oct.
2021
Nov.
2021
Dec.
2021
Jan.
2022(p)
Jan.
2021
Sept.
2021
Oct.
2021
Nov.
2021
Dec.
2021
Jan.
2022(p)

Total

7,232 10,673 11,094 10,922 11,448 11,263 4.8 6.8 7.0 6.8 7.1 7.0

INDUSTRY

Total private

6,487 9,680 10,158 9,935 10,343 10,234 5.1 7.2 7.5 7.3 7.5 7.4

Mining and logging

20 29 29 35 34 25 3.5 4.8 4.7 5.6 5.5 4.2

Construction

299 348 392 366 359 380 3.9 4.5 5.0 4.7 4.6 4.8

Manufacturing

522 941 923 806 746 855 4.1 7.0 6.9 6.0 5.6 6.4

Durable goods

295 560 529 499 422 507 3.7 6.8 6.4 6.0 5.1 6.1

Nondurable goods

227 381 394 307 324 349 4.7 7.5 7.7 6.1 6.4 6.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities

1,381 1,950 1,968 1,913 1,942 1,834 4.8 6.5 6.6 6.4 6.4 6.1

Wholesale trade

188 309 345 318 295 309 3.2 5.1 5.7 5.3 4.9 5.1

Retail trade

811 1,059 1,038 1,036 1,036 1,046 5.1 6.4 6.3 6.2 6.2 6.3

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

382 582 585 559 611 479 5.6 8.0 8.0 7.6 8.2 6.5

Information

161 172 179 193 232 234 5.5 5.6 5.8 6.2 7.4 7.4

Financial activities

276 438 445 492 470 538 3.1 4.7 4.8 5.3 5.0 5.7

Finance and insurance

197 324 338 372 355 411 2.9 4.7 4.9 5.4 5.1 5.9

Real estate and rental and leasing

79 115 107 119 115 127 3.5 4.8 4.5 4.9 4.8 5.2

Professional and business services

1,452 1,832 2,043 1,904 2,021 2,065 6.5 7.9 8.6 8.1 8.5 8.6

Education and health services

1,355 1,979 2,097 2,125 2,187 2,129 5.5 7.7 8.1 8.2 8.4 8.2

Educational services

152 171 192 205 217 185 4.2 4.5 5.0 5.3 5.5 4.7

Health care and social assistance

1,204 1,808 1,905 1,920 1,970 1,944 5.7 8.2 8.6 8.7 8.9 8.8

Leisure and hospitality

779 1,538 1,632 1,666 1,990 1,676 5.7 9.5 10.0 10.0 11.7 9.9

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

90 192 184 196 205 179 4.9 8.4 8.0 8.3 8.6 7.5

Accommodation and food services

689 1,346 1,448 1,470 1,785 1,497 5.8 9.7 10.3 10.3 12.2 10.3

Other services

243 453 451 435 362 498 4.4 7.6 7.5 7.2 6.1 8.1

Government

746 994 935 987 1,105 1,029 3.3 4.3 4.1 4.3 4.8 4.4

Federal

101 139 127 151 167 107 3.4 4.6 4.2 5.0 5.5 3.6

State and local

644 854 808 836 938 922 3.3 4.3 4.0 4.2 4.6 4.6

State and local education

314 274 313 329 361 355 3.1 2.6 3.0 3.1 3.4 3.3

State and local, excluding education

330 580 496 507 577 567 3.5 6.0 5.2 5.3 6.0 5.9

REGION(3)

Northeast

1,117 1,794 1,777 1,880 1,923 2,003 4.2 6.4 6.3 6.6 6.8 7.0

South

2,978 4,083 4,269 4,137 4,330 4,189 5.3 6.9 7.2 7.0 7.2 7.0

Midwest

1,584 2,396 2,515 2,410 2,530 2,591 4.9 7.0 7.3 7.0 7.3 7.4

West

1,554 2,400 2,533 2,495 2,664 2,480 4.5 6.5 6.8 6.7 7.1 6.6

Footnotes
(1) Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.
(2) The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings.
(3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.


Table 2. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
Jan.
2021
Sept.
2021
Oct.
2021
Nov.
2021
Dec.
2021
Jan.
2022(p)
Jan.
2021
Sept.
2021
Oct.
2021
Nov.
2021
Dec.
2021
Jan.
2022(p)

Total

5,719 6,504 6,460 6,705 6,450 6,457 4.0 4.4 4.4 4.5 4.3 4.3

INDUSTRY

Total private

5,335 6,153 6,104 6,305 6,062 6,059 4.4 4.9 4.8 5.0 4.8 4.8

Mining and logging

14 16 21 19 20 17 2.5 2.7 3.6 3.3 3.5 3.0

Construction

351 346 362 428 361 298 4.8 4.7 4.9 5.7 4.8 4.0

Manufacturing

353 470 481 465 457 483 2.9 3.8 3.9 3.7 3.6 3.8

Durable goods

198 261 271 256 258 267 2.6 3.4 3.5 3.3 3.3 3.4

Nondurable goods

155 209 210 209 199 216 3.4 4.5 4.5 4.4 4.2 4.6

Trade, transportation, and utilities

1,255 1,374 1,354 1,406 1,377 1,411 4.6 4.9 4.8 5.0 4.9 5.0

Wholesale trade

154 176 171 194 170 174 2.7 3.1 3.0 3.4 3.0 3.0

Retail trade

790 894 867 905 901 923 5.2 5.8 5.6 5.8 5.8 5.9

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

311 304 315 307 306 314 4.8 4.5 4.7 4.5 4.5 4.6

Information

92 115 119 114 111 126 3.3 4.0 4.1 3.9 3.8 4.3

Financial activities

205 290 218 233 229 239 2.3 3.3 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.7

Finance and insurance

130 224 137 153 145 161 2.0 3.4 2.1 2.3 2.2 2.5

Real estate and rental and leasing

75 66 80 81 84 77 3.4 2.9 3.5 3.5 3.6 3.3

Professional and business services

1,184 1,260 1,310 1,295 1,212 1,232 5.7 5.9 6.1 6.0 5.6 5.6

Education and health services

672 833 826 867 846 830 2.9 3.5 3.5 3.6 3.5 3.5

Educational services

125 97 118 109 102 96 3.6 2.7 3.2 3.0 2.8 2.6

Health care and social assistance

547 736 708 758 744 734 2.7 3.7 3.5 3.8 3.7 3.6

Leisure and hospitality

996 1,189 1,179 1,216 1,192 1,191 7.7 8.2 8.0 8.2 7.9 7.8

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

150 182 156 162 165 156 8.5 8.7 7.3 7.5 7.5 7.1

Accommodation and food services

847 1,007 1,023 1,054 1,027 1,034 7.6 8.1 8.1 8.3 8.0 7.9

Other services

214 260 234 262 256 232 4.0 4.7 4.2 4.7 4.6 4.1

Government

383 351 356 400 388 398 1.8 1.6 1.6 1.8 1.8 1.8

Federal

43 43 46 45 45 40 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.4

State and local

341 308 310 355 344 358 1.8 1.6 1.6 1.8 1.8 1.9

State and local education

201 130 155 197 183 198 2.0 1.3 1.5 1.9 1.8 1.9

State and local, excluding education

139 178 156 158 161 160 1.5 2.0 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.8

REGION(3)

Northeast

843 985 991 1,001 999 992 3.3 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.7

South

2,256 2,703 2,677 2,814 2,650 2,652 4.2 4.9 4.9 5.1 4.8 4.8

Midwest

1,321 1,375 1,342 1,380 1,396 1,316 4.3 4.3 4.2 4.3 4.3 4.1

West

1,299 1,441 1,450 1,510 1,406 1,497 3.9 4.2 4.2 4.4 4.0 4.3

Footnotes
(1) Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.
(2) The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
(3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.


Table 3. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
Jan.
2021
Sept.
2021
Oct.
2021
Nov.
2021
Dec.
2021
Jan.
2022(p)
Jan.
2021
Sept.
2021
Oct.
2021
Nov.
2021
Dec.
2021
Jan.
2022(p)

Total

5,172 6,008 5,852 6,197 6,042 6,058 3.6 4.1 4.0 4.2 4.1 4.0

INDUSTRY

Total private

4,887 5,658 5,442 5,810 5,648 5,687 4.0 4.5 4.3 4.6 4.4 4.5

Mining and logging

20 14 18 15 17 21 3.7 2.5 3.1 2.6 2.9 3.6

Construction

340 307 339 374 329 305 4.6 4.1 4.5 5.0 4.4 4.1

Manufacturing

368 439 417 418 434 476 3.0 3.5 3.3 3.3 3.5 3.8

Durable goods

217 241 224 243 244 266 2.9 3.1 2.9 3.1 3.1 3.4

Nondurable goods

151 199 193 175 190 211 3.3 4.2 4.1 3.7 4.0 4.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities

1,129 1,259 1,262 1,338 1,330 1,341 4.1 4.5 4.5 4.8 4.7 4.7

Wholesale trade

143 169 162 167 142 163 2.5 3.0 2.8 2.9 2.5 2.8

Retail trade

720 817 847 899 916 889 4.7 5.3 5.4 5.8 5.9 5.7

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

266 273 253 272 272 289 4.1 4.1 3.7 4.0 4.0 4.2

Information

70 106 101 93 112 123 2.5 3.7 3.5 3.2 3.8 4.2

Financial activities

203 265 195 201 206 233 2.3 3.0 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.6

Finance and insurance

140 211 130 140 135 163 2.1 3.2 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.5

Real estate and rental and leasing

64 54 65 61 70 70 2.9 2.4 2.8 2.7 3.0 3.0

Professional and business services

1,036 1,167 1,095 1,227 1,150 1,105 5.0 5.5 5.1 5.6 5.3 5.0

Education and health services

640 810 759 857 800 804 2.7 3.4 3.2 3.6 3.3 3.4

Educational services

40 86 84 90 84 87 1.1 2.4 2.3 2.4 2.3 2.3

Health care and social assistance

600 724 674 767 716 717 3.0 3.6 3.3 3.8 3.5 3.5

Leisure and hospitality

873 1,043 1,028 1,072 1,029 1,052 6.8 7.2 7.0 7.2 6.8 6.9

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

109 146 137 132 123 139 6.2 7.0 6.4 6.1 5.6 6.3

Accommodation and food services

764 897 891 939 906 912 6.9 7.2 7.1 7.4 7.0 7.0

Other services

207 247 228 215 241 227 3.9 4.5 4.1 3.9 4.3 4.0

Government

284 350 410 387 395 371 1.3 1.6 1.9 1.7 1.8 1.7

Federal

53 44 52 41 57 44 1.9 1.5 1.8 1.4 2.0 1.5

State and local

231 306 358 345 338 326 1.2 1.6 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.7

State and local education

77 165 171 172 174 163 0.8 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.6

State and local, excluding education

154 141 187 173 163 164 1.7 1.6 2.1 1.9 1.8 1.8

REGION(3)

Northeast

754 850 872 922 815 882 3.0 3.2 3.3 3.5 3.1 3.3

South

2,137 2,495 2,431 2,550 2,507 2,416 4.0 4.5 4.4 4.6 4.5 4.3

Midwest

1,100 1,319 1,227 1,344 1,341 1,283 3.5 4.1 3.8 4.2 4.1 4.0

West

1,181 1,344 1,322 1,381 1,380 1,477 3.5 3.9 3.8 4.0 4.0 4.2

Footnotes
(1) Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.
(2) The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
(3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.


Table 4. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
Jan.
2021
Sept.
2021
Oct.
2021
Nov.
2021
Dec.
2021
Jan.
2022(p)
Jan.
2021
Sept.
2021
Oct.
2021
Nov.
2021
Dec.
2021
Jan.
2022(p)

Total

3,311 4,253 4,132 4,510 4,403 4,252 2.3 2.9 2.8 3.0 3.0 2.8

INDUSTRY

Total private

3,165 4,042 3,884 4,266 4,164 4,025 2.6 3.2 3.1 3.4 3.3 3.2

Mining and logging

7 10 11 10 13 16 1.3 1.7 1.9 1.7 2.1 2.7

Construction

143 188 189 215 185 146 1.9 2.5 2.5 2.9 2.5 1.9

Manufacturing

253 311 295 307 322 331 2.1 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.6 2.6

Durable goods

151 170 154 185 180 176 2.0 2.2 2.0 2.4 2.3 2.3

Nondurable goods

102 141 141 122 141 155 2.2 3.0 3.0 2.6 3.0 3.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities

773 976 964 1,024 1,082 1,005 2.8 3.5 3.4 3.6 3.8 3.6

Wholesale trade

77 129 112 128 113 109 1.4 2.3 2.0 2.2 2.0 1.9

Retail trade

547 667 690 710 786 717 3.6 4.3 4.4 4.6 5.0 4.6

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

150 181 161 186 183 179 2.3 2.7 2.4 2.7 2.7 2.6

Information

38 53 59 51 61 41 1.4 1.8 2.0 1.8 2.1 1.4

Financial activities

135 147 120 132 130 171 1.6 1.7 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.9

Finance and insurance

97 115 73 85 81 111 1.5 1.8 1.1 1.3 1.2 1.7

Real estate and rental and leasing

38 32 46 48 49 60 1.7 1.4 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.6

Professional and business services

607 757 720 834 760 697 2.9 3.5 3.3 3.8 3.5 3.2

Education and health services

455 631 582 689 597 613 1.9 2.7 2.4 2.9 2.5 2.6

Educational services

22 58 56 63 57 58 0.6 1.6 1.5 1.7 1.5 1.6

Health care and social assistance

433 572 526 626 540 555 2.2 2.8 2.6 3.1 2.7 2.7

Leisure and hospitality

653 836 809 881 856 856 5.1 5.7 5.5 5.9 5.7 5.6

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

57 89 71 68 81 75 3.2 4.2 3.3 3.1 3.7 3.4

Accommodation and food services

596 748 738 813 776 781 5.4 6.0 5.9 6.4 6.0 6.0

Other services

98 135 136 123 159 150 1.8 2.4 2.5 2.2 2.8 2.7

Government

147 211 248 244 238 227 0.7 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.0

Federal

23 23 25 23 23 25 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.9

State and local

124 188 223 221 215 202 0.7 1.0 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.1

State and local education

44 104 104 102 108 104 0.4 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.0

State and local, excluding education

80 83 119 119 107 99 0.9 0.9 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.1

REGION(3)

Northeast

422 572 585 608 601 575 1.7 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.2

South

1,458 1,793 1,731 1,883 1,820 1,747 2.7 3.3 3.1 3.4 3.3 3.1

Midwest

740 900 870 1,008 998 906 2.4 2.8 2.7 3.1 3.1 2.8

West

691 987 946 1,010 985 1,025 2.1 2.9 2.7 2.9 2.8 2.9

Footnotes
(1) Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.
(2) The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
(3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.


Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
Jan.
2021
Sept.
2021
Oct.
2021
Nov.
2021
Dec.
2021
Jan.
2022(p)
Jan.
2021
Sept.
2021
Oct.
2021
Nov.
2021
Dec.
2021
Jan.
2022(p)

Total

1,582 1,405 1,342 1,295 1,262 1,414 1.1 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.9

INDUSTRY

Total private

1,496 1,329 1,265 1,228 1,183 1,338 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.0 0.9 1.0

Mining and logging

11 3 5 4 4 3 2.0 0.5 0.9 0.7 0.7 0.5

Construction

183 108 138 150 133 150 2.5 1.5 1.9 2.0 1.8 2.0

Manufacturing

93 110 99 81 90 115 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.6 0.7 0.9

Durable goods

52 59 54 40 49 67 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.5 0.6 0.9

Nondurable goods

41 51 45 41 41 47 0.9 1.1 1.0 0.9 0.9 1.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities

330 236 246 251 192 270 1.2 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.7 1.0

Wholesale trade

62 32 43 36 20 40 1.1 0.6 0.8 0.6 0.3 0.7

Retail trade

159 130 130 141 102 150 1.0 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.7 1.0

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

108 73 72 74 70 80 1.7 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.2

Information

23 40 31 31 38 78 0.9 1.4 1.1 1.1 1.3 2.6

Financial activities

39 48 37 28 44 24 0.4 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.5 0.3

Finance and insurance

21 31 20 16 24 19 0.3 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.3

Real estate and rental and leasing

18 18 17 13 19 5 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.8 0.2

Professional and business services

381 361 311 308 306 314 1.8 1.7 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4

Education and health services

136 142 129 126 166 149 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.6

Educational services

15 23 22 22 20 19 0.4 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5

Health care and social assistance

121 119 107 105 147 131 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.6

Leisure and hospitality

197 186 192 167 141 172 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.1 0.9 1.1

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

50 54 62 62 37 62 2.8 2.6 2.9 2.9 1.7 2.8

Accommodation and food services

147 132 130 106 104 109 1.3 1.1 1.0 0.8 0.8 0.8

Other services

104 92 76 81 69 64 1.9 1.7 1.4 1.5 1.2 1.1

Government

86 77 77 67 79 76 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.3

Federal

17 8 10 5 19 7 0.6 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.7 0.2

State and local

69 68 67 61 60 69 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.4

State and local education

21 32 33 38 33 34 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.3

State and local, excluding education

48 36 34 24 26 35 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.4

REGION(3)

Northeast

284 223 228 240 156 239 1.1 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.6 0.9

South

580 575 540 525 550 516 1.1 1.0 1.0 0.9 1.0 0.9

Midwest

299 335 284 244 271 301 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.9

West

419 273 290 286 286 359 1.3 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 1.0

Footnotes
(1) Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.
(2) The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
(3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.


Table 6. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
Jan.
2021
Sept.
2021
Oct.
2021
Nov.
2021
Dec.
2021
Jan.
2022(p)
Jan.
2021
Sept.
2021
Oct.
2021
Nov.
2021
Dec.
2021
Jan.
2022(p)

Total

278 349 379 393 377 391 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

INDUSTRY

Total private

226 287 293 317 300 324 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3

Mining and logging

2 2 2 1 1 2 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.3

Construction

14 10 12 9 12 10 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1

Manufacturing

22 18 23 31 22 31 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Durable goods

14 12 16 19 15 23 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3

Nondurable goods

8 6 7 12 7 9 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities

25 47 53 64 56 65 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Wholesale trade

4 8 7 3 9 13 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2

Retail trade

14 20 26 48 28 23 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.1

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

7 19 20 12 19 29 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.4

Information

8 13 11 11 13 4 0.3 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.1

Financial activities

29 70 39 41 32 39 0.3 0.8 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.4

Finance and insurance

21 65 37 40 30 34 0.3 1.0 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5

Real estate and rental and leasing

7 5 2 1 2 5 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2

Professional and business services

48 48 64 85 83 94 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4

Education and health services

49 38 48 42 37 41 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Educational services

2 5 6 5 8 9 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.3

Health care and social assistance

47 33 42 37 29 32 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2

Leisure and hospitality

23 21 26 23 31 24 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

2 3 4 3 5 2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1

Accommodation and food services

21 17 23 21 26 22 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Other services

6 21 16 11 13 14 0.1 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2

Government

52 62 85 76 77 68 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3

Federal

14 13 18 13 14 13 0.5 0.4 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5

State and local

38 50 68 63 63 55 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3

State and local education

12 29 34 32 33 24 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2

State and local, excluding education

26 21 34 30 30 30 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3

REGION(3)

Northeast

48 55 59 74 59 68 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3

South

99 127 160 142 137 153 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3

Midwest

61 84 73 92 72 77 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2

West

71 84 86 85 109 94 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3

Footnotes
(1) Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.
(2) The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment..
(3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.
NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.


Table 7. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
Jan.
2021
Dec.
2021
Jan.
2022(p)
Jan.
2021
Dec.
2021
Jan.
2022(p)

Total

7,207 10,353 11,170 4.9 6.4 7.0

INDUSTRY

Total private

6,486 9,313 10,163 5.2 6.8 7.5

Mining and logging

19 31 24 3.4 5.0 4.1

Construction

303 301 384 4.1 3.9 5.1

Manufacturing

519 725 851 4.1 5.5 6.4

Durable goods

294 413 505 3.8 5.0 6.1

Nondurable goods

225 313 346 4.7 6.2 6.8

Trade, transportation, and utilities

1,226 1,755 1,671 4.3 5.7 5.6

Wholesale trade

196 256 319 3.4 4.3 5.3

Retail trade

656 916 884 4.1 5.4 5.3

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

374 583 468 5.5 7.5 6.3

Information

166 242 242 5.7 7.6 7.7

Financial activities

354 448 616 3.9 4.8 6.5

Finance and insurance

252 334 465 3.7 4.8 6.6

Real estate and rental and leasing

103 114 151 4.5 4.7 6.2

Professional and business services

1,491 1,863 2,105 6.8 7.8 8.9

Education and health services

1,459 2,083 2,282 5.9 8.0 8.8

Educational services

161 197 192 4.6 4.9 5.1

Health care and social assistance

1,298 1,886 2,090 6.1 8.5 9.4

Leisure and hospitality

690 1,516 1,469 5.4 9.3 9.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

93 144 184 5.8 6.6 8.6

Accommodation and food services

597 1,371 1,285 5.3 9.7 9.3

Other services

260 350 517 4.7 5.9 8.5

Government

721 1,040 1,007 3.2 4.4 4.4

Federal

103 153 107 3.5 5.0 3.6

State and local

618 887 900 3.2 4.3 4.5

State and local education

284 320 323 2.8 2.9 3.0

State and local, excluding education

335 567 577 3.6 6.0 6.1

REGION(3)

Northeast

1,154 1,817 2,069 4.4 6.4 7.3

South

2,937 3,899 4,102 5.3 6.5 6.9

Midwest

1,523 2,264 2,480 4.7 6.5 7.2

West

1,593 2,374 2,518 4.6 6.3 6.8

Footnotes
(1) Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.
(2) The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings.
(3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.


Table 8. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
Jan.
2021
Dec.
2021
Jan.
2022(p)
Jan.
2021
Dec.
2021
Jan.
2022(p)

Total

5,461 4,825 6,191 3.9 3.2 4.2

INDUSTRY

Total private

5,104 4,593 5,825 4.3 3.6 4.6

Mining and logging

14 15 18 2.6 2.5 3.1

Construction

306 221 259 4.3 3.0 3.6

Manufacturing

367 315 500 3.0 2.5 4.0

Durable goods

212 179 284 2.8 2.3 3.7

Nondurable goods

155 136 216 3.4 2.9 4.6

Trade, transportation, and utilities

1,094 1,132 1,227 4.0 3.9 4.3

Wholesale trade

164 125 184 2.9 2.2 3.2

Retail trade

642 701 749 4.2 4.4 4.8

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

289 306 294 4.5 4.2 4.2

Information

100 79 134 3.7 2.7 4.6

Financial activities

237 160 269 2.7 1.8 3.1

Finance and insurance

159 103 188 2.4 1.6 2.9

Real estate and rental and leasing

78 57 81 3.6 2.4 3.6

Professional and business services

1,214 980 1,259 5.9 4.5 5.8

Education and health services

744 640 927 3.2 2.7 3.9

Educational services

136 61 106 4.0 1.6 3.0

Health care and social assistance

608 579 821 3.1 2.9 4.1

Leisure and hospitality

812 870 998 6.7 5.9 6.9

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

106 95 110 7.0 4.7 5.6

Accommodation and food services

706 775 888 6.7 6.1 7.1

Other services

216 181 234 4.1 3.2 4.2

Government

356 232 367 1.6 1.0 1.7

Federal

38 39 35 1.3 1.3 1.2

State and local

318 193 332 1.7 1.0 1.7

State and local education

201 91 198 2.0 0.9 1.9

State and local, excluding education

117 102 134 1.3 1.1 1.5

REGION(3)

Northeast

766 722 905 3.1 2.7 3.5

South

2,265 1,995 2,663 4.3 3.6 4.8

Midwest

1,203 1,071 1,202 3.9 3.3 3.8

West

1,226 1,037 1,421 3.7 3.0 4.1

Footnotes
(1) Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.
(2) The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
(3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.


Table 9. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
Jan.
2021
Dec.
2021
Jan.
2022(p)
Jan.
2021
Dec.
2021
Jan.
2022(p)

Total

5,600 5,645 6,389 4.0 3.8 4.3

INDUSTRY

Total private

5,339 5,311 6,062 4.5 4.2 4.8

Mining and logging

25 16 24 4.7 2.7 4.1

Construction

374 350 327 5.3 4.7 4.5

Manufacturing

360 355 468 3.0 2.8 3.8

Durable goods

212 194 262 2.8 2.5 3.4

Nondurable goods

149 160 206 3.3 3.4 4.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities

1,458 1,303 1,602 5.4 4.5 5.7

Wholesale trade

152 122 168 2.7 2.1 2.9

Retail trade

825 869 984 5.4 5.4 6.3

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

480 313 449 7.4 4.3 6.5

Information

87 111 139 3.2 3.8 4.8

Financial activities

240 166 277 2.8 1.9 3.1

Finance and insurance

158 108 190 2.4 1.6 2.9

Real estate and rental and leasing

82 58 87 3.8 2.5 3.8

Professional and business services

1,112 1,153 1,186 5.4 5.2 5.5

Education and health services

705 690 872 3.0 2.9 3.7

Educational services

37 63 86 1.1 1.7 2.4

Health care and social assistance

668 626 786 3.4 3.1 3.9

Leisure and hospitality

779 935 950 6.4 6.3 6.6

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

86 122 115 5.7 5.9 5.9

Accommodation and food services

693 813 835 6.5 6.4 6.7

Other services

198 232 216 3.8 4.2 3.9

Government

262 334 327 1.2 1.5 1.5

Federal

63 65 50 2.2 2.2 1.8

State and local

199 269 277 1.1 1.4 1.4

State and local education

61 126 129 0.6 1.2 1.3

State and local, excluding education

138 143 148 1.6 1.6 1.7

REGION(3)

Northeast

861 789 983 3.4 3.0 3.8

South

2,285 2,359 2,547 4.4 4.2 4.6

Midwest

1,194 1,244 1,355 3.9 3.8 4.2

West

1,260 1,254 1,504 3.8 3.6 4.4

Footnotes
(1) Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.
(2) The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
(3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.


Table 10. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
Jan.
2021
Dec.
2021
Jan.
2022(p)
Jan.
2021
Dec.
2021
Jan.
2022(p)

Total

3,176 3,826 4,077 2.3 2.5 2.8

INDUSTRY

Total private

3,048 3,644 3,883 2.6 2.8 3.1

Mining and logging

8 10 16 1.4 1.7 2.9

Construction

129 161 127 1.8 2.2 1.8

Manufacturing

235 240 308 1.9 1.9 2.5

Durable goods

137 131 161 1.8 1.7 2.1

Nondurable goods

97 109 147 2.1 2.3 3.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities

733 1,007 957 2.7 3.5 3.4

Wholesale trade

73 93 105 1.3 1.6 1.8

Retail trade

528 707 691 3.5 4.4 4.4

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

132 208 161 2.0 2.9 2.3

Information

41 53 43 1.5 1.8 1.5

Financial activities

143 104 179 1.6 1.2 2.0

Finance and insurance

99 64 113 1.5 1.0 1.7

Real estate and rental and leasing

44 40 66 2.0 1.7 2.9

Professional and business services

624 675 710 3.0 3.1 3.3

Education and health services

469 508 631 2.0 2.1 2.7

Educational services

22 41 58 0.7 1.1 1.6

Health care and social assistance

446 467 573 2.3 2.3 2.8

Leisure and hospitality

575 754 770 4.8 5.1 5.3

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

44 67 61 2.9 3.3 3.1

Accommodation and food services

531 687 708 5.0 5.4 5.7

Other services

93 131 142 1.8 2.3 2.6

Government

129 182 195 0.6 0.8 0.9

Federal

22 24 24 0.8 0.8 0.8

State and local

106 158 170 0.6 0.8 0.9

State and local education

36 74 85 0.4 0.7 0.8

State and local, excluding education

70 85 86 0.8 1.0 1.0

REGION(3)

Northeast

415 518 568 1.7 1.9 2.2

South

1,437 1,636 1,725 2.7 2.9 3.1

Midwest

688 831 843 2.2 2.6 2.6

West

635 841 941 1.9 2.4 2.7

Footnotes
(1) Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.
(2) The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
(3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.


Table 11. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
Jan.
2021
Dec.
2021
Jan.
2022(p)
Jan.
2021
Dec.
2021
Jan.
2022(p)

Total

2,077 1,441 1,828 1.5 1.0 1.2

INDUSTRY

Total private

1,999 1,367 1,763 1.7 1.1 1.4

Mining and logging

15 6 4 2.7 1.0 0.7

Construction

231 178 190 3.3 2.4 2.6

Manufacturing

96 89 119 0.8 0.7 0.9

Durable goods

54 45 70 0.7 0.6 0.9

Nondurable goods

42 44 48 0.9 0.9 1.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities

695 244 571 2.6 0.8 2.0

Wholesale trade

74 19 47 1.3 0.3 0.8

Retail trade

280 139 265 1.8 0.9 1.7

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

341 86 259 5.3 1.2 3.7

Information

35 45 88 1.3 1.5 3.0

Financial activities

51 38 35 0.6 0.4 0.4

Finance and insurance

24 23 22 0.4 0.3 0.3

Real estate and rental and leasing

27 16 13 1.3 0.7 0.6

Professional and business services

423 387 351 2.1 1.8 1.6

Education and health services

171 147 186 0.7 0.6 0.8

Educational services

12 16 16 0.4 0.4 0.4

Health care and social assistance

159 131 170 0.8 0.6 0.8

Leisure and hospitality

183 145 159 1.5 1.0 1.1

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

40 49 52 2.7 2.4 2.6

Accommodation and food services

143 96 107 1.3 0.7 0.9

Other services

99 87 60 1.9 1.6 1.1

Government

78 74 65 0.4 0.3 0.3

Federal

23 22 10 0.8 0.8 0.3

State and local

55 52 55 0.3 0.3 0.3

State and local education

17 31 26 0.2 0.3 0.3

State and local, excluding education

38 21 29 0.4 0.2 0.3

REGION(3)

Northeast

389 209 336 1.5 0.8 1.3

South

720 593 619 1.4 1.1 1.1

Midwest

434 331 424 1.4 1.0 1.3

West

535 308 448 1.6 0.9 1.3

Footnotes
(1) Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.
(2) The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
(3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.


Table 12. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
Jan.
2021
Dec.
2021
Jan.
2022(p)
Jan.
2021
Dec.
2021
Jan.
2022(p)

Total

347 378 484 0.2 0.3 0.3

INDUSTRY

Total private

292 300 416 0.2 0.2 0.3

Mining and logging

3 0 3 0.6 0.1 0.5

Construction

15 11 11 0.2 0.1 0.1

Manufacturing

30 25 42 0.2 0.2 0.3

Durable goods

20 18 31 0.3 0.2 0.4

Nondurable goods

10 8 10 0.2 0.2 0.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities

30 52 74 0.1 0.2 0.3

Wholesale trade

5 10 16 0.1 0.2 0.3

Retail trade

18 23 29 0.1 0.1 0.2

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

7 19 30 0.1 0.3 0.4

Information

11 12 8 0.4 0.4 0.3

Financial activities

46 24 64 0.5 0.3 0.7

Finance and insurance

35 22 56 0.5 0.3 0.9

Real estate and rental and leasing

11 2 8 0.5 0.1 0.3

Professional and business services

65 91 125 0.3 0.4 0.6

Education and health services

65 35 55 0.3 0.1 0.2

Educational services

3 7 12 0.1 0.2 0.3

Health care and social assistance

62 28 43 0.3 0.1 0.2

Leisure and hospitality

21 36 21 0.2 0.2 0.1

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

2 5 2 0.1 0.2 0.1

Accommodation and food services

19 31 20 0.2 0.2 0.2

Other services

6 14 13 0.1 0.2 0.2

Government

55 78 68 0.3 0.3 0.3

Federal

17 20 17 0.6 0.7 0.6

State and local

38 59 51 0.2 0.3 0.3

State and local education

9 22 18 0.1 0.2 0.2

State and local, excluding education

29 37 34 0.3 0.4 0.4

REGION(3)

Northeast

55 61 79 0.2 0.2 0.3

South

133 130 203 0.3 0.2 0.4

Midwest

72 82 88 0.2 0.3 0.3

West

88 104 114 0.3 0.3 0.3

Footnotes
(1) Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.
(2) The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
(3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.
NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.


Table 13. Annual hires levels by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1) [in thousands]
Industry and region 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Total

65,585 68,556 69,911 72,635 75,550

INDUSTRY

Total private

61,499 64,255 65,505 68,451 71,164

Mining and logging

371 447 304 199 237

Construction

4,597 4,532 4,994 4,984 4,357

Manufacturing

3,986 4,394 4,052 4,810 5,271

Durable goods

2,240 2,511 2,271 2,750 2,937

Nondurable goods

1,749 1,879 1,780 2,061 2,335

Trade, transportation, and utilities

12,645 13,666 13,889 15,436 16,118

Wholesale trade

1,655 1,756 1,776 1,815 2,053

Retail trade

8,474 9,011 9,011 9,822 10,391

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

2,519 2,901 3,099 3,799 3,673

Information

1,021 1,091 1,135 978 1,304

Financial activities

2,532 2,500 2,653 2,660 2,659

Finance and insurance

1,659 1,636 1,683 1,667 1,762

Real estate and rental and leasing

872 863 971 994 897

Professional and business services

13,428 13,746 13,785 13,419 14,771

Education and health services

7,999 8,503 8,650 9,365 9,374

Educational services

1,131 1,156 1,160 1,133 1,241

Health care and social assistance

6,866 7,344 7,494 8,232 8,132

Leisure and hospitality

12,232 12,782 13,432 13,565 14,227

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

2,047 2,215 1,998 1,640 1,960

Accommodation and food services

10,186 10,570 11,434 11,925 12,267

Other services

2,688 2,594 2,605 3,033 2,849

Government

4,086 4,301 4,403 4,185 4,385

Federal

380 420 503 887 522

State and local

3,704 3,879 3,904 3,297 3,860

State and local education

1,763 1,997 2,013 1,647 2,075

State and local, excluding education

1,941 1,882 1,890 1,649 1,787

REGION(2)

Northeast

10,479 10,488 10,853 11,653 11,366

South

25,876 27,298 28,247 28,003 30,619

Midwest

14,331 15,187 14,878 15,810 16,479

West

14,899 15,579 15,930 17,168 17,084

Footnotes
(1) The annual hires level is the total number of hires during the entire year.
(2) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.


Table 14. Annual hires rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1) [percent]
Industry and region 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Total

44.7 46.0 46.3 51.1 51.7

INDUSTRY

Total private

49.5 50.8 51.1 56.9 57.3

Mining and logging

54.9 61.5 41.8 33.2 41.8

Construction

66.0 62.2 66.6 68.7 58.8

Manufacturing

32.0 34.6 31.6 39.5 42.7

Durable goods

28.9 31.6 28.2 36.3 38.3

Nondurable goods

37.2 39.6 37.3 44.9 50.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities

46.1 49.5 50.1 57.8 58.2

Wholesale trade

28.5 30.1 30.2 32.2 36.2

Retail trade

53.5 57.1 57.7 66.0 67.5

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

43.8 48.5 49.9 61.5 55.4

Information

36.3 38.4 39.6 35.9 46.0

Financial activities

30.0 29.1 30.3 30.6 30.3

Finance and insurance

26.5 25.8 26.2 25.7 27.0

Real estate and rental and leasing

39.8 38.3 41.8 44.9 39.7

Professional and business services

65.5 65.6 64.8 66.1 69.5

Education and health services

34.5 36.0 35.8 40.2 39.6

Educational services

30.8 31.1 31.0 32.6 34.6

Health care and social assistance

35.2 36.9 36.7 41.6 40.5

Leisure and hospitality

76.2 78.4 81.0 103.2 100.9

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

87.7 93.0 82.0 92.5 99.0

Accommodation and food services

74.3 76.0 80.8 104.8 101.2

Other services

46.6 44.5 44.2 56.9 52.2

Government

18.3 19.2 19.5 19.0 19.9

Federal

13.5 15.0 17.8 30.3 18.1

State and local

19.0 19.7 19.7 17.3 20.2

State and local education

17.0 19.1 19.1 16.4 20.5

State and local, excluding education

21.2 20.4 20.4 18.2 19.9

REGION(2)

Northeast

38.9 38.5 39.5 45.8 43.8

South

48.3 50.0 51.0 53.1 56.2

Midwest

44.4 46.8 45.5 51.3 52.1

West

44.0 45.0 45.1 51.8 50.2

Footnotes
(1) The annual hires rate is the number of hires during the entire year as a percent of annual average employment.
(2) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.


Table 15. Annual total separations levels by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1) [in thousands]
Industry and region 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Total

63,500 66,245 68,097 80,778 69,045

INDUSTRY

Total private

59,423 62,096 63,852 75,642 65,055

Mining and logging

328 393 352 332 205

Construction

4,276 4,217 4,870 4,970 4,216

Manufacturing

3,811 4,121 4,046 5,378 4,923

Durable goods

2,115 2,287 2,296 3,158 2,713

Nondurable goods

1,697 1,829 1,748 2,219 2,209

Trade, transportation, and utilities

12,510 13,522 13,722 16,108 15,096

Wholesale trade

1,626 1,715 1,742 2,105 1,904

Retail trade

8,532 9,165 9,124 10,345 9,945

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

2,349 2,642 2,854 3,654 3,249

Information

1,013 1,057 1,101 1,172 1,101

Financial activities

2,383 2,331 2,491 2,729 2,505

Finance and insurance

1,574 1,529 1,584 1,636 1,716

Real estate and rental and leasing

809 805 909 1,091 788

Professional and business services

13,025 13,301 13,512 13,931 13,644

Education and health services

7,561 8,032 8,068 10,364 8,823

Educational services

1,077 1,125 1,117 1,466 915

Health care and social assistance

6,483 6,905 6,951 8,897 7,908

Leisure and hospitality

11,910 12,562 13,146 17,071 11,968

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

1,975 2,116 1,960 2,262 1,510

Accommodation and food services

9,935 10,442 11,187 14,807 10,458

Other services

2,609 2,563 2,543 3,588 2,573

Government

4,078 4,150 4,245 5,138 3,991

Federal

399 403 469 825 544

State and local

3,678 3,748 3,774 4,312 3,444

State and local education

1,793 1,940 1,959 2,434 1,622

State and local, excluding education

1,883 1,809 1,816 1,879 1,822

REGION(2)

Northeast

10,302 10,094 10,405 13,497 10,040

South

25,129 26,320 27,046 30,200 28,429

Midwest

13,834 14,631 14,420 17,956 15,115

West

14,234 15,204 16,223 19,129 15,462

Footnotes
(1) The annual total separations level is the total number of total separations during the entire year.
(2) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.


Table 16. Annual total separations rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1) [percent]
Industry and region 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Total

43.3 44.5 45.1 56.8 47.2

INDUSTRY

Total private

47.8 49.1 49.8 62.9 52.4

Mining and logging

48.5 54.1 48.4 55.3 36.2

Construction

61.4 57.9 65.0 68.5 56.9

Manufacturing

30.6 32.5 31.6 44.2 39.9

Durable goods

27.3 28.8 28.6 41.7 35.3

Nondurable goods

36.1 38.6 36.6 48.3 47.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities

45.6 49.0 49.5 60.4 54.5

Wholesale trade

28.0 29.4 29.6 37.4 33.5

Retail trade

53.8 58.1 58.4 69.6 64.6

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

40.9 44.1 45.9 59.1 49.0

Information

36.0 37.2 38.4 43.1 38.9

Financial activities

28.2 27.1 28.5 31.4 28.5

Finance and insurance

25.1 24.1 24.6 25.2 26.3

Real estate and rental and leasing

37.0 35.7 39.2 49.3 34.9

Professional and business services

63.5 63.5 63.5 68.6 64.2

Education and health services

32.6 34.0 33.4 44.5 37.3

Educational services

29.4 30.3 29.9 42.1 25.5

Health care and social assistance

33.2 34.7 34.0 44.9 39.4

Leisure and hospitality

74.2 77.1 79.3 129.8 84.9

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

84.7 88.8 80.4 127.6 76.3

Accommodation and food services

72.4 75.1 79.1 130.2 86.3

Other services

45.2 44.0 43.2 67.3 47.2

Government

18.2 18.5 18.8 23.4 18.1

Federal

14.2 14.4 16.6 28.2 18.8

State and local

18.8 19.1 19.1 22.6 18.0

State and local education

17.2 18.6 18.6 24.3 16.0

State and local, excluding education

20.6 19.7 19.6 20.8 20.2

REGION(2)

Northeast

38.3 37.0 37.9 53.0 38.7

South

46.9 48.2 48.8 57.2 52.2

Midwest

42.9 45.0 44.1 58.3 47.7

West

42.0 43.9 45.9 57.7 45.4

Footnotes
(1) The annual total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire year as a percent of annual average employment.
(2) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.


Table 17. Annual quits levels by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1) [in thousands]
Industry and region 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Total

37,711 40,356 42,193 35,870 47,825

INDUSTRY

Total private

35,677 38,191 39,951 33,535 45,456

Mining and logging

173 246 179 106 117

Construction

1,850 2,059 2,083 1,597 2,198

Manufacturing

2,291 2,503 2,492 2,347 3,457

Durable goods

1,261 1,377 1,396 1,274 1,885

Nondurable goods

1,033 1,125 1,092 1,070 1,572

Trade, transportation, and utilities

7,878 8,508 8,916 8,313 11,204

Wholesale trade

1,023 1,068 1,029 1,002 1,334

Retail trade

5,615 5,968 6,236 5,650 7,792

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

1,242 1,475 1,650 1,661 2,077

Information

519 568 553 444 626

Financial activities

1,365 1,406 1,546 1,314 1,565

Finance and insurance

908 857 1,004 903 1,045

Real estate and rental and leasing

458 549 544 410 522

Professional and business services

7,457 7,562 7,768 6,639 8,597

Education and health services

4,924 5,378 5,537 5,370 6,728

Educational services

581 581 648 486 613

Health care and social assistance

4,342 4,796 4,888 4,882 6,115

Leisure and hospitality

7,750 8,452 9,242 6,361 9,413

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

778 921 941 538 843

Accommodation and food services

6,973 7,531 8,301 5,824 8,574

Other services

1,470 1,512 1,634 1,046 1,552

Government

2,035 2,165 2,243 2,337 2,372

Federal

179 183 209 236 260

State and local

1,858 1,982 2,033 2,101 2,109

State and local education

935 1,048 1,108 1,191 1,009

State and local, excluding education

923 932 927 909 1,101

REGION(2)

Northeast

5,424 5,390 5,706 4,797 6,387

South

15,319 16,477 17,273 15,213 20,192

Midwest

8,116 8,995 9,199 8,005 10,541

West

8,853 9,492 10,013 7,856 10,708

Footnotes
(1) The annual quits level is the total number of quits during the entire year.
(2) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.


Table 18. Annual quits rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1) [percent]
Industry and region 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Total

25.7 27.1 28.0 25.2 32.7

INDUSTRY

Total private

28.7 30.2 31.1 27.9 36.6

Mining and logging

25.6 33.8 24.6 17.7 20.6

Construction

26.5 28.3 27.8 22.0 29.7

Manufacturing

18.4 19.7 19.4 19.3 28.0

Durable goods

16.3 17.3 17.4 16.8 24.6

Nondurable goods

22.0 23.7 22.9 23.3 33.7

Trade, transportation, and utilities

28.7 30.8 32.2 31.2 40.4

Wholesale trade

17.6 18.3 17.5 17.8 23.5

Retail trade

35.4 37.8 39.9 38.0 50.6

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

21.6 24.6 26.6 26.9 31.3

Information

18.4 20.0 19.3 16.3 22.1

Financial activities

16.2 16.4 17.7 15.1 17.8

Finance and insurance

14.5 13.5 15.6 13.9 16.0

Real estate and rental and leasing

20.9 24.4 23.4 18.5 23.1

Professional and business services

36.4 36.1 36.5 32.7 40.5

Education and health services

21.2 22.8 22.9 23.1 28.4

Educational services

15.8 15.6 17.3 14.0 17.1

Health care and social assistance

22.2 24.1 23.9 24.7 30.4

Leisure and hospitality

48.3 51.9 55.7 48.4 66.8

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

33.3 38.6 38.6 30.3 42.6

Accommodation and food services

50.8 54.1 58.7 51.2 70.7

Other services

25.5 25.9 27.7 19.6 28.4

Government

9.1 9.6 9.9 10.6 10.8

Federal

6.4 6.5 7.4 8.1 9.0

State and local

9.5 10.1 10.3 11.0 11.0

State and local education

9.0 10.0 10.5 11.9 10.0

State and local, excluding education

10.1 10.1 10.0 10.1 12.2

REGION(2)

Northeast

20.1 19.8 20.8 18.8 24.6

South

28.6 30.2 31.2 28.8 37.1

Midwest

25.2 27.7 28.1 26.0 33.3

West

26.1 27.4 28.4 23.7 31.4

Footnotes
(1) The annual quits rate is the number of quits during the entire year as a percent of annual average employment.
(2) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.


Table 19. Annual layoffs and discharges levels by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1) [in thousands]
Industry and region 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Total

21,606 21,825 21,893 40,801 17,019

INDUSTRY

Total private

20,262 20,564 20,639 38,911 16,137

Mining and logging

128 126 154 206 73

Construction

2,242 2,003 2,587 3,221 1,863

Manufacturing

1,250 1,368 1,311 2,754 1,183

Durable goods

699 752 748 1,721 646

Nondurable goods

549 618 563 1,032 536

Trade, transportation, and utilities

3,739 4,178 4,058 7,162 3,238

Wholesale trade

489 503 611 1,029 472

Retail trade

2,296 2,658 2,421 4,368 1,781

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

953 1,020 1,027 1,762 987

Information

398 411 464 662 367

Financial activities

687 633 640 1,110 537

Finance and insurance

381 417 319 494 328

Real estate and rental and leasing

304 219 317 614 211

Professional and business services

4,893 4,996 5,045 6,466 4,170

Education and health services

2,064 2,102 2,037 4,473 1,602

Educational services

429 477 404 925 246

Health care and social assistance

1,636 1,625 1,635 3,549 1,357

Leisure and hospitality

3,850 3,806 3,570 10,412 2,219

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

1,156 1,154 982 1,693 628

Accommodation and food services

2,695 2,649 2,587 8,719 1,590

Other services

1,015 940 767 2,443 885

Government

1,347 1,261 1,257 1,892 882

Federal

118 90 121 436 121

State and local

1,228 1,171 1,137 1,455 759

State and local education

564 606 556 821 373

State and local, excluding education

661 566 579 631 385

REGION(2)

Northeast

4,129 3,934 3,977 8,045 2,950

South

8,190 8,360 8,264 13,472 6,611

Midwest

4,870 4,792 4,426 9,089 3,688

West

4,416 4,740 5,230 10,195 3,770

Footnotes
(1) The annual layoffs and discharges level is the total number of layoffs and discharges during the entire year.
(2) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.


Table 20. Annual layoffs and discharges rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1) [percent]
Industry and region 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Total

14.7 14.7 14.5 28.7 11.6

INDUSTRY

Total private

16.3 16.3 16.1 32.4 13.0

Mining and logging

18.9 17.3 21.2 34.3 12.9

Construction

32.2 27.5 34.5 44.4 25.1

Manufacturing

10.0 10.8 10.2 22.6 9.6

Durable goods

9.0 9.5 9.3 22.7 8.4

Nondurable goods

11.7 13.0 11.8 22.5 11.5

Trade, transportation, and utilities

13.6 15.1 14.6 26.8 11.7

Wholesale trade

8.4 8.6 10.4 18.3 8.3

Retail trade

14.5 16.8 15.5 29.4 11.6

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

16.6 17.0 16.5 28.5 14.9

Information

14.1 14.5 16.2 24.3 13.0

Financial activities

8.1 7.4 7.3 12.8 6.1

Finance and insurance

6.1 6.6 5.0 7.6 5.0

Real estate and rental and leasing

13.9 9.7 13.7 27.7 9.3

Professional and business services

23.9 23.8 23.7 31.8 19.6

Education and health services

8.9 8.9 8.4 19.2 6.8

Educational services

11.7 12.8 10.8 26.6 6.9

Health care and social assistance

8.4 8.2 8.0 17.9 6.8

Leisure and hospitality

24.0 23.4 21.5 79.2 15.7

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

49.5 48.4 40.3 95.5 31.7

Accommodation and food services

19.6 19.0 18.3 76.7 13.1

Other services

17.6 16.1 13.0 45.8 16.2

Government

6.0 5.6 5.6 8.6 4.0

Federal

4.2 3.2 4.3 14.9 4.2

State and local

6.3 6.0 5.7 7.6 4.0

State and local education

5.4 5.8 5.3 8.2 3.7

State and local, excluding education

7.2 6.1 6.2 7.0 4.3

REGION(2)

Northeast

15.3 14.4 14.5 31.6 11.4

South

15.3 15.3 14.9 25.5 12.1

Midwest

15.1 14.8 13.5 29.5 11.6

West

13.0 13.7 14.8 30.7 11.1

Footnotes
(1) The annual layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire year as a percent of annual average employment.
(2) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.


Table 21. Annual other separations levels by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1) [in thousands]
Industry and region 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Total

4,181 4,067 4,006 4,105 4,199

INDUSTRY

Total private

3,483 3,340 3,263 3,194 3,462

Mining and logging

27 21 17 19 16

Construction

181 154 202 153 158

Manufacturing

270 247 244 278 283

Durable goods

154 161 152 165 182

Nondurable goods

114 87 89 114 102

Trade, transportation, and utilities

891 832 748 632 657

Wholesale trade

115 145 101 76 98

Retail trade

622 544 467 325 374

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

155 146 177 232 184

Information

96 78 85 66 110

Financial activities

333 295 303 308 400

Finance and insurance

282 256 260 240 346

Real estate and rental and leasing

48 37 44 68 55

Professional and business services

679 744 699 827 877

Education and health services

571 553 494 522 493

Educational services

66 68 64 55 59

Health care and social assistance

505 486 427 466 433

Leisure and hospitality

309 303 333 296 336

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

41 42 36 28 41

Accommodation and food services

271 259 295 263 298

Other services

126 113 143 98 136

Government

698 726 743 910 735

Federal

104 125 139 151 163

State and local

593 598 603 756 575

State and local education

292 288 294 420 241

State and local, excluding education

299 311 309 337 336

REGION(2)

Northeast

748 768 723 645 698

South

1,622 1,480 1,507 1,525 1,636

Midwest

848 844 796 861 888

West

965 970 982 1,073 981

Footnotes
(1) The annual other separations level is the total number of other separations during the entire year.
(2) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.


Table 22. Annual other separations rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1) [percent]
Industry and region 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Total

2.9 2.7 2.7 2.9 2.9

INDUSTRY

Total private

2.8 2.6 2.5 2.7 2.8

Mining and logging

4.0 2.9 2.3 3.2 2.8

Construction

2.6 2.1 2.7 2.1 2.1

Manufacturing

2.2 1.9 1.9 2.3 2.3

Durable goods

2.0 2.0 1.9 2.2 2.4

Nondurable goods

2.4 1.8 1.9 2.5 2.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities

3.3 3.0 2.7 2.4 2.4

Wholesale trade

2.0 2.5 1.7 1.3 1.7

Retail trade

3.9 3.4 3.0 2.2 2.4

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

2.7 2.4 2.8 3.8 2.8

Information

3.4 2.7 3.0 2.4 3.9

Financial activities

3.9 3.4 3.5 3.5 4.6

Finance and insurance

4.5 4.0 4.0 3.7 5.3

Real estate and rental and leasing

2.2 1.6 1.9 3.1 2.4

Professional and business services

3.3 3.6 3.3 4.1 4.1

Education and health services

2.5 2.3 2.0 2.2 2.1

Educational services

1.8 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.6

Health care and social assistance

2.6 2.4 2.1 2.4 2.2

Leisure and hospitality

1.9 1.9 2.0 2.3 2.4

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

1.8 1.8 1.5 1.6 2.1

Accommodation and food services

2.0 1.9 2.1 2.3 2.5

Other services

2.2 1.9 2.4 1.8 2.5

Government

3.1 3.2 3.3 4.1 3.3

Federal

3.7 4.5 4.9 5.2 5.6

State and local

3.0 3.0 3.0 4.0 3.0

State and local education

2.8 2.8 2.8 4.2 2.4

State and local, excluding education

3.3 3.4 3.3 3.7 3.7

REGION(2)

Northeast

2.8 2.8 2.6 2.5 2.7

South

3.0 2.7 2.7 2.9 3.0

Midwest

2.6 2.6 2.4 2.8 2.8

West

2.8 2.8 2.8 3.2 2.9

Footnotes
(1) The annual other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire year as a percent of annual average employment.
(2) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.


Last Modified Date: March 10, 2022