For release 10:00 a.m. (EST) Friday, March 11, 2011 USDL-11-0307
Technical information: (202) 691-5870 • JoltsInfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/jlt
Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov
(NOTE: Data published in this release for the seasonally adjusted total
nonfarm and seasonally adjusted government sectors are erroneous. The
errors are found in the text and in Tables A-H and 1-4. Corrected data
will be loaded into the JOLTS database on April 13, 2011. More information
about these errors and corrected revision tables is located at
http://www.bls.gov/jlt/jolts_corrections_040811.htm.)
Job Openings and Labor Turnover – January 2011
There were 2.8 million job openings on the last business day of
January 2011, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. The
job openings rate (2.1 percent), hires rate (2.8 percent), and total
separations rate (2.7 percent) were little changed over the month.
This release includes estimates of the number and rate of job
openings, hires, and separations for the total nonfarm sector by
industry and by geographic region. This release also includes annual
estimates for hires and separations. The annual totals for hires and
quits increased in 2010 while the annual total for layoffs and
discharges decreased.
Job Openings
The number of job openings in January was 2.8 million, little changed
from 2.9 million in December. (See table 1.) The job openings level
has risen since the end of the recession in June 2009 (as designated
by the National Bureau of Economic Research) but remains well below
the 4.4 million openings when the recession began in December 2007.
____________________________________________________________________________
| Revisions to the JOLTS Data |
|The job openings, hires, and separations data in this release have been |
|revised from January 2006 forward to incorporate annual updates to the |
|Current Employment Statistics (CES) employment estimates and the Job |
|Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS) birth/death model and seasonal |
|adjustment factors. See page 5 for more information. |
____________________________________________________________________________
- 2 -
The number of job openings in January 2011 (not seasonally adjusted)
increased from 12 months earlier for total nonfarm, total private,
several industries, and the South region. The level fell over the year
for federal government. (See table 5.)
Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally
adjusted
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Job openings | Hires | Total separations
|--------------------------------------------------------------
Industry | Jan. | Dec. | Jan. | Jan. | Dec. | Jan. | Jan. | Dec. | Jan.
| 2010 | 2010 | 2011p| 2010 | 2010 | 2011p| 2010 | 2010 | 2011p
-------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------
| Levels (in thousands)
|--------------------------------------------------------------
Total..............|2,399 |2,921 |2,760 |3,585 |3,905 |3,712 |3,542 |3,836 |3,555
| | | | | | | | |
Total private(1)..|2,020 |2,500 |2,454 |3,311 |3,631 |3,453 |3,274 |3,539 |3,297
Construction.....| 61 | 44 | 62 | 344 | 356 | 247 | 410 | 393 | 280
Manufacturing....| 118 | 184 | 197 | 231 | 264 | 247 | 218 | 252 | 188
Trade, trans- | | | | | | | | |
portation, and | | | | | | | | |
utilities(2)....| 316 | 463 | 489 | 698 | 756 | 785 | 696 | 718 | 755
Retail trade....| 218 | 268 | 283 | 507 | 476 | 535 | 475 | 470 | 514
Professional | | | | | | | | |
and business | | | | | | | | |
services........| 381 | 609 | 494 | 681 | 780 | 775 | 640 | 735 | 730
Education and | | | | | | | | |
health ser- | | | | | | | | |
vices...........| 519 | 510 | 498 | 409 | 465 | 434 | 373 | 450 | 401
Leisure and | | | | | | | | |
hospitality.....| 221 | 270 | 279 | 593 | 596 | 590 | 597 | 583 | 594
Arts, enter- | | | | | | | | |
tainment and | | | | | | | | |
recreation.....| 14 | 41 | 39 | 89 | 98 | 89 | 99 | 98 | 90
Accommodation | | | | | | | | |
and food | | | | | | | | |
services.......| 208 | 229 | 240 | 504 | 498 | 502 | 498 | 485 | 503
Government(3).....| 379 | 421 | 306 | 274 | 274 | 259 | 268 | 297 | 258
State and local | | | | | | | | |
government......| 226 | 319 | 239 | 233 | 242 | 229 | 248 | 269 | 227
|--------------------------------------------------------------
| Rates (percent)
|--------------------------------------------------------------
Total..............| 1.8 | 2.2 | 2.1 | 2.8 | 3.0 | 2.8 | 2.7 | 2.9 | 2.7
| | | | | | | | |
Total private(1)..| 1.9 | 2.3 | 2.2 | 3.1 | 3.4 | 3.2 | 3.1 | 3.3 | 3.1
Construction.....| 1.1 | 0.8 | 1.1 | 6.2 | 6.5 | 4.5 | 7.3 | 7.2 | 5.1
Manufacturing....| 1.0 | 1.6 | 1.7 | 2.0 | 2.3 | 2.1 | 1.9 | 2.2 | 1.6
Trade, trans- | | | | | | | | |
portation, and | | | | | | | | |
utilities(2)....| 1.3 | 1.8 | 1.9 | 2.8 | 3.1 | 3.2 | 2.8 | 2.9 | 3.0
Retail trade....| 1.5 | 1.8 | 1.9 | 3.5 | 3.3 | 3.7 | 3.3 | 3.3 | 3.6
Professional | | | | | | | | |
and business | | | | | | | | |
services........| 2.3 | 3.5 | 2.8 | 4.1 | 4.6 | 4.6 | 3.9 | 4.3 | 4.3
Education and | | | | | | | | |
health ser- | | | | | | | | |
vices...........| 2.6 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.1 | 2.4 | 2.2 | 1.9 | 2.3 | 2.0
Leisure and | | | | | | | | |
hospitality.....| 1.7 | 2.0 | 2.1 | 4.6 | 4.6 | 4.5 | 4.6 | 4.5 | 4.5
Arts, enter- | | | | | | | | |
tainment and | | | | | | | | |
recreation.....| 0.7 | 2.1 | 2.0 | 4.7 | 5.2 | 4.7 | 5.2 | 5.2 | 4.8
Accommodation | | | | | | | | |
and food | | | | | | | | |
services.......| 1.8 | 2.0 | 2.1 | 4.6 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 4.3 | 4.5
Government(3).....| 1.7 | 1.9 | 1.4 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 1.2
State and local | | | | | | | | |
government......| 1.1 | 1.6 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 1.4 | 1.2
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and
other services, not shown separately.
2 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not
shown separately.
3 Includes federal government, not shown separately.
p = preliminary.
NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current
Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment
factors.
Hires
In January, the hires rate was essentially unchanged at 2.8 percent.
The number of hires decreased in construction but was little changed
in every other industry and region. (See table 2.) At 3.7 million, the
number of monthly hires in January was well below the 5.0 million
monthly hires in December 2007 when the recession began.
- 3 -
Over the 12 months ending in January, the hires rate (not seasonally
adjusted) was little changed for total nonfarm, total private, and
government. The hires rate fell over the year in construction and
federal government but rose in wholesale trade. The rate also fell in
the Northeast region. (See table 6.)
Separations
Total separations includes quits (voluntary separations), layoffs and
discharges (involuntary separations), and other separations (including
retirements). The total separations, or turnover, rate was little
changed at 2.7 percent in January. Over the 12 months ending in
January, the total separations rate (not seasonally adjusted) was
essentially unchanged for total nonfarm, total private, and
government. (See tables 3 and 7.)
The quits rate can serve as a measure of workers’ willingness or
ability to change jobs. In January, the quits rate declined for total
private (to 1.4 percent) but was little changed for total nonfarm (1.3
percent) and government (0.5 percent). (See table 4.) The number of
monthly quits in January (1.7 million) remains well below the 2.8
million monthly quits in December 2007 when the recession began.
Although still low, the number of quits (not seasonally adjusted) in
January 2011 was higher than in January 2010 for total nonfarm and
total private. Professional and business services and federal
government were the only industries with a rise in quits over the 12
months. (See table 8.)
The layoffs and discharges component of total separations is
seasonally adjusted at the total nonfarm, total private, and
government levels. The layoffs and discharges rate was essentially
unchanged in January for total nonfarm and total private but fell for
government. After peaking at 2.5 million in February 2009, the number
of layoffs and discharges for total nonfarm fell to a series low of
1.5 million in January 2011. (See table B below.)
The layoffs and discharges level (not seasonally adjusted) declined
over the 12 months ending in January for total nonfarm, total private,
and government. Construction, durable goods manufacturing, and state
and local government experienced a decline in the number of layoffs
and discharges over the year. (See table 9.)
Table B. Layoffs and discharges by industry, seasonally adjusted
--------------------------------------------------------------------
| Levels (in thousands) | Rates (percent)
|------------------------------------------------
Industry | Jan. | Dec. | Jan. | Jan. | Dec. | Jan.
| 2010 | 2010 | 2011p| 2010 | 2010 | 2011p
-------------------|------------------------------------------------
Total..............| 1,707 | 1,677 | 1,519 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.2
Total private.....| 1,589 | 1,549 | 1,431 | 1.5 | 1.4 | 1.3
Government........| 118 | 128 | 88 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.4
--------------------------------------------------------------------
p = preliminary.
NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current
Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment
factors.
The other separations series is not seasonally adjusted. In January,
there were 440,000 other separations for total nonfarm, 370,000 for
total private, and 70,000 for government. Compared to January 2010,
the number of other separations was little changed for total nonfarm
and total private but higher for government. (See table 10.)
- 4 -
Relative Contributions to Separations
The total separations level is influenced by the relative contribution
of its three components—quits, layoffs and discharges, and other
separations. The percentage of total separations at the total nonfarm
level attributable to the individual components has varied over time,
but for the majority of the months since the series began in December
2000, the proportion of quits has exceeded the proportion of layoffs
and discharges. Other separations is historically a very small portion
of total separations; it has rarely been above 10 percent of the
total.
Since February 2010, the proportions of quits and of layoffs and
discharges at the total nonfarm level have been close. In January
2011, the proportion of quits for total nonfarm was 47 percent and the
proportion of layoffs and discharges was 43 percent. The proportions
for total private were the same as for total nonfarm. For government,
the proportions were 39 percent quits and 34 percent layoffs and
discharges. (See table C below.)
Table C. Quits and layoffs and discharges as a percentage of total separations, seasonally adjusted
(Levels in thousands)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Quits | Layoffs and discharges
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Jan. | Dec. | Jan. | Jan. | Dec. | Jan.
| 2010 | 2010 | 2011p | 2010 | 2010 | 2011p
Industry | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| |Portion | |Portion | |Portion | |Portion | |Portion | |Portion
| Level |of total| Level |of total| Level |of total| Level |of total| Level |of total| Level |of total
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total..............| 1,482 | 42% | 1,838 | 48% | 1,659 | 47% | 1,707 | 48% | 1,677 | 44% | 1,519 | 43%
Total private.....| 1,387 | 42% | 1,731 | 49% | 1,559 | 47% | 1,589 | 49% | 1,549 | 44% | 1,431 | 43%
Government........| 95 | 35% | 107 | 36% | 100 | 39% | 118 | 44% | 128 | 43% | 88 | 34%
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
p = preliminary.
NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current
Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment
factors.
Net Change in Employment
Over the 12 months ending in January, hires (not seasonally adjusted)
totaled 47.3 million and separations (not seasonally adjusted) totaled
46.3 million, yielding a net employment gain of 1.0 million at the
total nonfarm level. These figures include workers who may have been
hired and separated more than once during the year. Nearly half of the
hires and nearly half of the separations during these 12 months
occurred in three industries: retail trade; professional and business
services; and accommodation and food services. The large share of
total hires and separations accounted for by these three industries
reflects the size of the industries as well as their relatively high
hires and separations rates.
Annual Levels and Rates
This release contains the 2010 annual levels and rates for hires,
total separations, quits, layoffs and discharges, and other
separations. Note that annual figures for job openings are not
calculated because job openings are measured on a stock, or point-in-
time, basis rather than on a flow basis over a specified time period.
The annual figures and additional tables are published with the
release of January data each year. (See the Technical Note for
additional information on these measures.)
Calculating annual levels and rates allows additional comparisons
across years. After 3 years of declines, annual levels for hires,
quits, and other separations increased slightly in 2010. Layoffs and
discharges annual levels were down in 2010 after three consecutive
years of increases. Total separations annual levels declined for a
fourth year in a row. These figures reflect the effects of the
economic
- 5 -
recovery since the end of the recession as well as the hiring
and laying off of temporary workers for the Census 2010.
In 2010, annual hires increased to 47.2 million (36.4 percent of
employment) and annual total separations fell to 46.3 million (35.7
percent of employment). Annual quits increased slightly to 21.3
million (16.4 percent of employment) in 2010 after falling to 20.6
million (15.7 percent of employment) in 2009. Annual other separations
also increased slightly in 2010 to 3.8 million (2.9 percent of
employment). Annual layoffs and discharges decreased in 2010 to 21.2
million (16.4 percent of employment) after reaching 26.3 million (20.1
percent of employment) in 2009. (See tables 11 through 20.)
____________
The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey results for February 2011
are scheduled to be released on Wednesday, April 13, 2011 at 10:00
a.m. (EDT).
Revisions to Job Openings and Labor Turnover Data
In accordance with annual practice, the Job Openings and Labor
Turnover Survey (JOLTS) data have been revised to reflect annual
updates to the Current Employment Statistics (CES), or establishment
survey, employment estimates. The JOLTS employment levels (not
published) are ratio-adjusted to the CES employment levels, and the
resulting ratios are applied to all JOLTS data elements. This annual
benchmark process resulted in revisions to all not seasonally adjusted
JOLTS data series from April 2009 forward, the time period since the
last benchmark was established. Additionally, the seasonally adjusted
JOLTS data series have been recalculated from January 2006 forward to
reflect updated seasonal adjustment factors. Further, the new
methodology incorporated in 2009 to more closely align the hires and
separations estimates with the monthly payroll employment change
created a dependency of the not seasonally adjusted estimates on the
seasonal adjustment process. Therefore, the not seasonally adjusted
data series have been recalculated from January 2006 forward to
reflect the updated seasonal adjustment factors’ effect on the
alignment process.
The revised JOLTS estimates covering the period from January 2006
forward show substantial downward revisions in most data elements
beginning in early 2008. These revisions are largely the result of
updates made to the JOLTS birth/death model. The birth/death model was
implemented in 2009 in order to provide an estimate for that part of
the population that cannot be captured in the traditional sample. (See
the technical note for a more complete description of the birth/death
model.)
The birth/death model was initially developed using Quarterly Census
of Employment and Wages (QCEW) data from the period 2000-2007. The
birth/death model estimates used in JOLTS monthly estimation since
2008 were based on a forecast that used the period 2000-2007 as a
baseline. With this release, JOLTS estimates for April 2008 forward
include the most up to date QCEW values available, January 2008
through June 2010. In the future, the JOLTS birth/death model
estimates will be updated each year as part of the annual retabulation
process.
Incorporating the QCEW data for 2008 forward into the birth/death
model enabled the model to more fully reflect the recent recession,
resulting in a sizeable downward trend in the number of establishment
births and the number of hires and separations from those new
establishments. The previously published estimates based on the
birth/death model using 2000-2007 QCEW data consequently overestimated
hires, job openings, and separations.
- 6 -
Tables D through I present revised total nonfarm data for January
through December 2010. The December 2010 revisions also reflect the
routine incorporation of additional sample receipts into the final
December estimates. Table D (job openings), table E (hires), table F
(total separations), table G (quits), and table H (layoffs and
discharges) present revised data on a seasonally adjusted basis,
incorporating the new seasonal adjustment factors, benchmark level,
and birth/death model update. Table I (other separations) present
revisions on a not seasonally adjusted basis since that series is not
adjusted.
The BLS website contains all revised historical seasonally adjusted
and not seasonally adjusted JOLTS data. The data can be accessed
through the JOLTS homepage at http://www.bls.gov/jlt/.
Further information on the revisions released today may be obtained by
calling (202) 691-5870 or via the Internet on the JOLTS homepage.
Table D. Revisions in job openings data January 2010 - December 2010,
seasonally adjusted
_________________________________________________________________________________
| |
| Levels (in thousands) | Rates (percent)
Year |---------------------------------- |----------------------------------
and | As | As | | As | As |
month | previously | revised | Difference | previously | revised | Difference
| published | | | published | |
_________________________________________________________________________________
2010 | | | | | |
January...| 2,854 | 2,399 | -455 | 2.2 | 1.8 | -0.4
February..| 2,647 | 2,489 | -158 | 2.0 | 1.9 | -.1
March.....| 2,785 | 2,649 | -136 | 2.1 | 2.0 | -.1
April.....| 3,302 | 2,756 | -546 | 2.5 | 2.1 | -.4
May.......| 2,939 | 2,777 | -162 | 2.2 | 2.1 | -.1
June......| 2,864 | 2,678 | -186 | 2.1 | 2.0 | -.1
July......| 3,141 | 2,845 | -296 | 2.4 | 2.1 | -.3
August....| 3,092 | 2,862 | -230 | 2.3 | 2.2 | -.1
September.| 3,011 | 2,756 | -255 | 2.3 | 2.1 | -.2
October...| 3,328 | 2,905 | -423 | 2.5 | 2.2 | -.3
November..| 3,202 | 2,966 | -236 | 2.4 | 2.2 | -.2
December..| 3,063 | 2,921 | -142 | 2.3 | 2.2 | -.1
__________|____________|_________|____________|____________|_________|___________
- 7 -
Table E. Revisions in hires data January 2010 - December 2010,
seasonally adjusted
_________________________________________________________________________________
| |
| Levels (in thousands) | Rates (percent)
Year |---------------------------------- |----------------------------------
and | As | As | | As | As |
month | previously | revised | Difference | previously | revised | Difference
| published | | | published | |
_________________________________________________________________________________
2010 | | | | | |
January...| 4,087 | 3,585 | -502 | 3.2 | 2.8 | -0.4
February..| 4,011 | 3,766 | -245 | 3.1 | 2.9 | -.2
March.....| 4,331 | 4,087 | -244 | 3.3 | 3.2 | -.1
April.....| 4,292 | 3,892 | -400 | 3.3 | 3.0 | -.3
May.......| 4,581 | 3,905 | -676 | 3.5 | 3.0 | -.5
June......| 4,250 | 3,933 | -317 | 3.3 | 3.0 | -.3
July......| 4,275 | 3,926 | -349 | 3.3 | 3.0 | -.3
August....| 4,156 | 3,882 | -274 | 3.2 | 3.0 | -.2
September.| 4,208 | 3,868 | -340 | 3.2 | 3.0 | -.2
October...| 4,249 | 3,865 | -384 | 3.3 | 3.0 | -.3
November..| 4,214 | 3,943 | -271 | 3.2 | 3.0 | -.2
December..| 4,184 | 3,905 | -279 | 3.2 | 3.0 | -.2
__________|____________|_________|____________|____________|_________|___________
Table F. Revisions in total separations data January 2010 - December 2010,
seasonally adjusted
_________________________________________________________________________________
| |
| Levels (in thousands) | Rates (percent)
Year |---------------------------------- |----------------------------------
and | As | As | | As | As |
month | previously | revised | Difference | previously | revised | Difference
| published | | | published | |
_________________________________________________________________________________
2010 | | | | | |
January...| 4,155 | 3,542 | -613 | 3.2 | 2.7 | -0.5
February..| 3,969 | 3,793 | -176 | 3.1 | 2.9 | -.2
March.....| 4,048 | 3,872 | -176 | 3.1 | 3.0 | -.1
April.....| 4,013 | 3,633 | -380 | 3.1 | 2.8 | -.3
May.......| 4,146 | 3,897 | -249 | 3.2 | 3.0 | -.2
June......| 4,436 | 3,929 | -507 | 3.4 | 3.0 | -.4
July......| 4,390 | 3,879 | -511 | 3.4 | 3.0 | -.4
August....| 4,210 | 3,877 | -333 | 3.2 | 3.0 | -.2
September.| 4,139 | 3,827 | -312 | 3.2 | 2.9 | -.3
October...| 4,084 | 3,697 | -387 | 3.1 | 2.8 | -.3
November..| 4,154 | 3,868 | -286 | 3.2 | 3.0 | -.2
December..| 4,162 | 3,836 | -326 | 3.2 | 2.9 | -.3
__________|____________|_________|____________|____________|_________|___________
- 8 -
Table G. Revisions in quits data January 2010 - December 2010,
seasonally adjusted
_________________________________________________________________________________
| |
| Levels (in thousands) | Rates (percent)
Year |---------------------------------- |----------------------------------
and | As | As | | As | As |
month | previously | revised | Difference | previously | revised | Difference
| published | | | published | |
_________________________________________________________________________________
2010 | | | | | |
January...| 1,772 | 1,482 | -290 | 1.4 | 1.1 | -0.3
February..| 1,851 | 1,782 | -69 | 1.4 | 1.4 | .0
March.....| 1,918 | 1,803 | -115 | 1.5 | 1.4 | -.1
April.....| 1,972 | 1,738 | -234 | 1.5 | 1.3 | -.2
May.......| 1,929 | 1,815 | -114 | 1.5 | 1.4 | -.1
June......| 1,951 | 1,833 | -118 | 1.5 | 1.4 | -.1
July......| 1,974 | 1,780 | -194 | 1.5 | 1.4 | -.1
August....| 1,998 | 1,839 | -159 | 1.5 | 1.4 | -.1
September.| 1,983 | 1,839 | -144 | 1.5 | 1.4 | -.1
October...| 1,997 | 1,755 | -242 | 1.5 | 1.3 | -.2
November..| 1,921 | 1,756 | -165 | 1.5 | 1.3 | -.2
December..| 1,991 | 1,838 | -153 | 1.5 | 1.4 | -.1
__________|____________|_________|____________|____________|_________|___________
Table H. Revisions in layoffs and discharges data January 2010 - December 2010,
seasonally adjusted
_________________________________________________________________________________
| |
| Levels (in thousands) | Rates (percent)
Year |---------------------------------- |----------------------------------
and | As | As | | As | As |
month | previously | revised | Difference | previously | revised | Difference
| published | | | published | |
_________________________________________________________________________________
2010 | | | | | |
January...| 1,953 | 1,707 | -246 | 1.5 | 1.3 | -0.2
February..| 1,823 | 1,753 | -70 | 1.4 | 1.4 | .0
March.....| 1,821 | 1,785 | -36 | 1.4 | 1.4 | .0
April.....| 1,760 | 1,585 | -175 | 1.4 | 1.2 | -.2
May.......| 1,904 | 1,786 | -118 | 1.5 | 1.4 | -.1
June......| 2,139 | 1,794 | -345 | 1.6 | 1.4 | -.2
July......| 2,112 | 1,819 | -293 | 1.6 | 1.4 | -.2
August....| 1,861 | 1,697 | -164 | 1.4 | 1.3 | -.1
September.| 1,808 | 1,642 | -166 | 1.4 | 1.3 | -.1
October...| 1,755 | 1,631 | -124 | 1.3 | 1.3 | .0
November..| 1,854 | 1,738 | -116 | 1.4 | 1.3 | -.1
December..| 1,838 | 1,677 | -161 | 1.4 | 1.3 | -.1
__________|____________|_________|____________|____________|_________|___________
- 9 -
Table I. Revisions in other separations data January 2010 - December 2010,
not seasonally adjusted
_________________________________________________________________________________
| |
| Levels (in thousands) | Rates (percent)
Year |---------------------------------- |----------------------------------
and | As | As | | As | As |
month | previously | revised | Difference | previously | revised | Difference
| published | | | published | |
_________________________________________________________________________________
2010 | | | | | |
January...| 532 | 380 | -152 | 0.4 | 0.3 | -0.1
February..| 277 | 273 | -4 | .2 | .2 | .0
March.....| 300 | 283 | -17 | .2 | .2 | .0
April.....| 359 | 277 | -82 | .3 | .2 | -.1
May.......| 304 | 303 | -1 | .2 | .2 | .0
June......| 389 | 375 | -14 | .3 | .3 | .0
July......| 431 | 365 | -66 | .3 | .3 | .0
August....| 359 | 385 | 26 | .3 | .3 | .0
September.| 354 | 341 | -13 | .3 | .3 | .0
October...| 302 | 249 | -53 | .2 | .2 | .0
November..| 287 | 268 | -19 | .2 | .2 | .0
December..| 332 | 311 | -21 | .3 | .2 | -.1
__________|____________|_________|____________|____________|_________|___________
- 10 -
Technical Note
The data for the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS)
are collected and compiled monthly from a sample of business
establishments by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).
Collection
In a monthly survey of business establishments, data are
collected for total employment, job openings, hires, quits, layoffs
and discharges, and other separations. Data collection methods
include computer-assisted telephone interviewing, touchtone data
entry, web, fax, e-mail, and mail.
Coverage
The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments such
as factories, offices, and stores, as well as federal, state, and
local government entities in the 50 states and the District of
Columbia.
Concepts
Industry classification. The industry classifications in this
release are in accordance with the 2007 version of the North
American Industry Classification System (NAICS). In order to
ensure the highest possible quality of data, State Workforce
Agencies verify with employers and update, if necessary, the
industry code, location, and ownership classification of all
establishments on a 3-year cycle. Changes in establishment
characteristics resulting from the verification process are always
introduced into the JOLTS sampling frame with the data reported for
the first month of the year.
Employment. Employment includes persons on the payroll who
worked or received pay for the pay period that includes the 12th
day of the reference month. Full-time, part-time, permanent, short-
term, seasonal, salaried, and hourly employees are included, as are
employees on paid vacations or other paid leave. Proprietors or
partners of unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, or
persons on leave without pay or on strike for the entire pay
period, are not counted as employed. Employees of temporary help
agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, and
consultants are counted by their employer of record, not by the
establishment where they are working.
Job openings. Establishments submit job openings information for
the last business day of the reference month. A job opening
requires that: 1) a specific position exists and there is work
available for that position, 2) work could start within 30 days
regardless of whether a suitable candidate is found, and 3) the
employer is actively recruiting from outside the establishment to
fill the position. Included are full-time, part-time, permanent,
short-term, and seasonal openings. Active recruiting means that
the establishment is taking steps to fill a position by advertising
in newspapers or on the Internet, posting help-wanted signs,
accepting applications, or using other similar methods.
Jobs to be filled only by internal transfers, promotions,
demotions, or recall from layoffs are excluded. Also excluded are
jobs with start dates more than 30 days in the future, jobs for
which employees have been hired but have not yet reported for work,
and jobs to be filled by employees of temporary help agencies,
employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants.
The job openings rate is computed by dividing the number of job
openings by the sum of employment and job openings and multiplying
that quotient by 100.
Hires. Hires are the total number of additions to the payroll
occurring at any time during the reference month, including both
new and rehired employees, full-time and part-time, permanent,
short-term and seasonal employees, employees recalled to the
location after a layoff lasting more than 7 days, on-call or
intermittent employees who returned to work after having been
formally separated, and transfers from other locations. The hires
count does not include transfers or promotions within the reporting
site, employees returning from strike, employees of temporary help
agencies or employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or
consultants. The hires rate is computed by dividing the number of
hires by employment and multiplying that quotient by 100.
Separations. Separations are the total number of terminations of
employment occurring at any time during the reference month, and
are reported by type of separation--quits, layoffs and discharges,
and other separations. Quits are voluntary separations by
employees (except for retirements, which are reported as other
separations). Layoffs and discharges are involuntary separations
initiated by the employer and include layoffs with no intent to
rehire; formal layoffs lasting or expected to last more than 7
days; discharges resulting from mergers, downsizing, or closings;
firings or other discharges for cause; terminations of permanent or
short-term employees; and terminations of seasonal employees.
Other separations include retirements, transfers to other
locations, deaths, and separations due to disability. Separations
do not include transfers within the same location or employees on
strike.
- 11 -
The separations rate is computed by dividing the number of
separations by employment and multiplying that quotient by 100.
The quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations rates are
computed similarly, dividing the number by employment and
multiplying by 100.
Annual estimates. Annual estimates of rates and levels of hires,
quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total
separations are released with the January news release each year.
The JOLTS annual level estimates for hires, quits, layoffs and
discharges, other separations, and total separations are the sum of
the 12 published monthly levels. The annual rate estimates are
computed by dividing the annual level by the Current Employment
Statistics (CES) annual average employment level, and multiplying
that quotient by 100. This figure will be approximately equal to
the sum of the 12 monthly rates. Note that both the JOLTS and CES
annual levels are rounded to the nearest thousand before the annual
estimates are calculated. Consistent with BLS practices, annual
estimates are published only for not seasonally adjusted data.
Annual estimates are not calculated for job openings because job
openings are a stock, or point-in-time, measurement for the last
business day of each month. Only jobs still open on the last day
of the month are counted. For the same reason job openings cannot
be cumulated throughout each month, annual figures for job openings
cannot be created by summing the monthly estimates. Hires and
separations are flow measures and are cumulated over the month with
a total reported for the month. Therefore, the annual figures can
be created by summing the monthly estimates.
Special collection procedures
An implied measure of employment change can be derived from the
JOLTS data by subtracting separations from hires for a given
month. Aggregating these monthly changes historically produced
employment levels that overstated employment change as measured by
CES at the total nonfarm level. Research into this problem showed
that a significant amount of the divergence between the CES
employment levels and the derived JOLTS employment levels was
traceable to the Employment Services industry and to the State
Government Education industry. In the former industry, businesses
have a difficult time reporting hires and separations of temporary
help workers. In the latter industry, employers have difficulty
reporting hires and separations of student workers. BLS now
devotes additional resources to the collection, editing, and review
of data for these industries. BLS analysts more closely examine
reported data that do not provide a consistent picture over time,
and re-contact the respondents as necessary. Analysts work with
the respondents to adjust their reporting practices as possible.
Units that cannot be reconciled but are clearly incorrect on a
consistent basis are not used, they are replaced by imputed values
using standard techniques.
Sample and estimation methodology
The JOLTS survey design is a random sample of 16,000 nonfarm
business establishments, including factories, offices, and stores,
as well as federal, state, and local governments in the 50 states
and the District of Columbia. The establishments are drawn from a
universe of over 9.1 million establishments compiled as part of the
operations of the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW)
program. This program includes all employers subject to state
Unemployment Insurance (UI) laws and federal agencies subject to
Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees (UCFE).
The sampling frame is stratified by ownership, region, industry
sector, and size class. The JOLTS sample is constructed from
individual panels of sample units drawn on an annual basis. The
full annual sample consists of one certainty panel composed of only
large units selected with virtual certainty based on their size and
24 non-certainty panels. Each month a new non-certainty panel is
rolled into collection, and the oldest non-certainty panel is
rolled out. This means that at any given time the JOLTS sample is
constructed from panels from three different annual sampling
frames. The entire sample of old plus new panels is post-
stratified and re-weighted annually to represent the most recent
sampling frame. Additionally, the out-of-business establishments
are removed from the old panels. The annual sample is supplemented
with a quarterly sample of birth establishments (i.e., new
establishments) to better reflect the impact of younger
establishments in the JOLTS sample.
JOLTS total employment estimates are benchmarked monthly to the
employment estimates of the Current Employment Statistics (CES)
survey. A ratio of CES to JOLTS employment is used to adjust the
levels for all other JOLTS data elements.
JOLTS business birth/death model
As with any sample survey, the JOLTS sample can only be as
current as its sampling frame. The time lag from the birth of an
establishment until its appearance on the sampling frame is
approximately one year. In addition, many of these new units may
fail within the first year. Since these universe units cannot be
reflected on the sampling frame immediately, the JOLTS
sample cannot capture job openings, hires, and sepa-
- 12 -
rations from these units during their early existence. BLS has
developed a model to estimate birth/death activity for current
months by examining the birth/death activity from previous years on the
QCEW and projecting forward to the present using an econometric technique
known as X-12 ARIMA modeling. The birth/death model also uses historical
JOLTS data to estimate the amount of “churn” (hires and separations) that
exists in establishments of various sizes. The model then combines
the estimated churn with the projected employment change to
estimate the number of hires and separations taking place in these
units that cannot be measured through sampling.
The model-based estimate of total separations is distributed to
the three components–-quits; layoffs and discharges; and other
separations--in proportion to their contribution to the sample-
based estimate of total separations. Additionally, job openings
for the modeled units are estimated by computing the ratio of
openings to hires in the collected data and applying that ratio to
the modeled hires. The estimates of job openings, hires, and
separations produced by the birth/death model are then added to the
sample-based estimates produced from the survey to arrive at the
estimates for openings, hires, and separations.
Seasonal adjustment
BLS seasonally adjusts several JOLTS series using the X-12 ARIMA
seasonal adjustment program. Seasonal adjustment is the process of
estimating and removing periodic fluctuations caused by events such
as weather, holidays, and the beginning and ending of the school
year. Seasonal adjustment makes it easier to observe fundamental
changes in the level of the series, particularly those associated
with general economic expansions and contractions. A concurrent
seasonal adjustment methodology is used in which new seasonal
adjustment factors are calculated each month, using all relevant
data, up to and including the data for the current month.
JOLTS uses moving averages as seasonal filters in seasonal
adjustment. JOLTS seasonal adjustment includes both additive and
multiplicative seasonal adjustment models and REGARIMA (regression
with autocorrelated errors) modeling to improve the seasonal
adjustment factors at the beginning and end of the series and to
detect and adjust for outliers in the series.
Alignment procedure
JOLTS hires minus separations should be comparable to the CES net
employment change. However, definitional differences as well as
sampling and non-sampling errors between the two surveys
historically caused JOLTS to diverge from CES over time. To limit
the divergence, and improve the quality of the JOLTS hires and
separations series, BLS implemented the Monthly Alignment Method.
The Monthly Alignment Method applies the CES employment trends to
the seasonally adjusted JOLTS implied employment trend (hires minus
separations) forcing them to be approximately the same, while
preserving the seasonality of the JOLTS data. First, the two
series are seasonally adjusted and the difference between the JOLTS
implied employment trend and the CES net employment change is
calculated. Next, the JOLTS implied employment trend is adjusted to
equal the CES net employment change through a proportional
adjustment. This proportional adjustment procedure adjusts the two
components (hires, separations) proportionally to their
contribution to the total churn (hires plus separations). For
example, if hires are 40 percent of the churn for a given month,
they will receive 40 percent of the needed adjustment and
separations will receive 60 percent of the needed adjustment. The
adjusted hires and separations are converted back to not seasonally
adjusted data by reversing the application of the original seasonal
factors. After the Monthly Alignment Method has been used to
adjust the level estimates, rate estimates are computed from the
adjusted levels. The monthly alignment procedure assures a close
match of the JOLTS implied employment trend with the CES trend. The
CES series is considered a highly accurate measure of net
employment change owing to its very large sample size and annual
benchmarking to universe counts of employment from the QCEW
program.
Using JOLTS data
The JOLTS data series on job openings, hires, and separations are
relatively new. The full sample is divided into panels, with one
panel enrolled each month. A full complement of panels for the
original data series based on the 1987 Standard Industrial
Classification (SIC) system was not completely enrolled in the
survey until January 2002. The supplemental panels of
establishments needed to create NAICS estimates were not completely
enrolled until May 2003. The data collected up until those points
are from less than a full sample. Therefore, estimates from
earlier months should be used with caution, as fewer sampled units
were reporting data at that time.
In March 2002, BLS procedures for collecting hires and
separations data were revised to address possible underreporting.
As a result, JOLTS hires and separations estimates for months prior
to March 2002 may not be comparable to estimates for March 2002 and
later.
The federal government reorganization that involved transferring
approximately 180,000 employees to the new Department of Homeland
Security is not reflected in the JOLTS hires and separations
estimates for the
- 13 -
federal government. The Office of Personnel Management's record
shows these transfers were completed in March 2003. The inclusion
of transfers in the JOLTS definitions of hires and separations
is intended to cover ongoing movements of workers between
establishments. The Department of Homeland Security reorganization
was a massive one-time event, and the inclusion of these
intergovernmental transfers would distort the federal government
time series.
Reliability of the estimates
JOLTS estimates are subject to both sampling and nonsampling
error. When a sample rather than the entire population is
surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ
from the "true" population values they represent. The exact
difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the particular
sample selected, and this variability is measured by the standard
error of the estimate. BLS analysis is generally conducted at the
90-percent level of confidence. That means that there is a 90-
percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a
sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard errors from the
"true" population value because of sampling error. Estimates of
sampling errors are available upon request.
The JOLTS estimates also are affected by nonsampling error.
Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, including the failure
to include a segment of the population, the inability to obtain
data from all units in the sample, the inability or unwillingness
of respondents to provide data on a timely basis, mistakes made by
respondents, errors made in the collection or processing of the
data, and errors from the employment benchmark data used in
estimation.
Other information
Information in this release will be made available to sensory
impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200;
Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.
Table 1. Job openings levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, seasonally adjusted
Levels(3) (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Jan. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Jan. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan.
2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2011p 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2011p
Total.................................... 2,399 2,862 2,756 2,905 2,966 2,921 2,760 1.8 2.2 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.1
INDUSTRY
Total private(4)........................ 2,020 2,556 2,429 2,560 2,639 2,500 2,454 1.9 2.3 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.3 2.2
Construction........................... 61 54 68 69 94 44 62 1.1 1.0 1.2 1.2 1.7 .8 1.1
Manufacturing.......................... 118 173 183 193 213 184 197 1.0 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.8 1.6 1.7
Trade, transportation, and utilities(5) 316 409 419 445 430 463 489 1.3 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.9
Retail trade.......................... 218 250 239 272 248 268 283 1.5 1.7 1.6 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.9
Professional and business services..... 381 613 554 575 647 609 494 2.3 3.5 3.2 3.3 3.7 3.5 2.8
Education and health services.......... 519 477 510 569 528 510 498 2.6 2.4 2.5 2.8 2.6 2.5 2.5
Leisure and hospitality................ 221 350 284 274 253 270 279 1.7 2.6 2.1 2.1 1.9 2.0 2.1
Arts, entertainment, and recreation... 14 37 35 27 30 41 39 .7 1.9 1.8 1.4 1.5 2.1 2.0
Accommodation and food services....... 208 313 248 247 224 229 240 1.8 2.7 2.2 2.2 2.0 2.0 2.1
Government(6)........................... 379 305 326 345 327 421 306 1.7 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.9 1.4
State and local government............. 226 228 239 272 244 319 239 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.4 1.2 1.6 1.2
REGION(7)
Northeast.............................. 455 594 559 605 603 548 524 1.8 2.3 2.2 2.4 2.4 2.2 2.1
South.................................. 823 1,035 1,015 1,084 1,053 1,023 970 1.7 2.2 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.0
Midwest................................ 473 612 540 584 634 617 517 1.6 2.0 1.8 1.9 2.1 2.0 1.7
West................................... 572 685 648 740 769 829 622 2.0 2.3 2.2 2.5 2.6 2.8 2.1
1 Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.
2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus
job openings.
3 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown.
4 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.
5 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.
6 Includes federal government, not shown separately.
7 The States (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts,
New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of
Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas,
Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio,
South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah,
Washington, and Wyoming.
p = preliminary.
Table 2. Hires levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, seasonally adjusted
Levels(3) (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Jan. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Jan. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan.
2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2011p 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2011p
Total.................................... 3,585 3,882 3,868 3,865 3,943 3,905 3,712 2.8 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.8
INDUSTRY
Total private(4)........................ 3,311 3,627 3,614 3,580 3,668 3,631 3,453 3.1 3.4 3.4 3.3 3.4 3.4 3.2
Construction........................... 344 332 327 331 324 356 247 6.2 6.0 5.9 6.0 5.9 6.5 4.5
Manufacturing.......................... 231 259 240 259 272 264 247 2.0 2.2 2.1 2.2 2.4 2.3 2.1
Trade, transportation, and utilities(5) 698 749 776 777 799 756 785 2.8 3.0 3.2 3.1 3.2 3.1 3.2
Retail trade.......................... 507 528 539 545 548 476 535 3.5 3.7 3.7 3.8 3.8 3.3 3.7
Professional and business services..... 681 777 747 730 761 780 775 4.1 4.6 4.5 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.6
Education and health services.......... 409 471 487 465 491 465 434 2.1 2.4 2.5 2.4 2.5 2.4 2.2
Leisure and hospitality................ 593 628 645 596 590 596 590 4.6 4.8 4.9 4.6 4.5 4.6 4.5
Arts, entertainment, and recreation... 89 102 110 87 94 98 89 4.7 5.3 5.7 4.6 5.0 5.2 4.7
Accommodation and food services....... 504 527 535 508 496 498 502 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.5 4.4 4.5 4.5
Government(6)........................... 274 254 254 285 275 274 259 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.2
State and local government............. 233 221 224 250 243 242 229 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.2
REGION(7)
Northeast.............................. 749 669 724 690 701 680 604 3.0 2.7 2.9 2.8 2.8 2.7 2.4
South.................................. 1,311 1,463 1,427 1,449 1,572 1,513 1,396 2.8 3.1 3.0 3.1 3.3 3.2 3.0
Midwest................................ 829 898 854 880 879 878 873 2.8 3.0 2.9 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0
West................................... 820 844 851 839 883 806 893 2.9 3.0 3.0 2.9 3.1 2.8 3.1
1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.
2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
3 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown.
4 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.
5 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.
6 Includes federal government, not shown separately.
7 See footnote 7, table 1.
p = preliminary.
Table 3. Total separations levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, seasonally adjusted
Levels(3) (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Jan. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Jan. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan.
2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2011p 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2011p
Total.................................... 3,542 3,877 3,827 3,697 3,868 3,836 3,555 2.7 3.0 2.9 2.8 3.0 2.9 2.7
INDUSTRY
Total private(4)........................ 3,274 3,556 3,526 3,436 3,568 3,539 3,297 3.1 3.3 3.3 3.2 3.3 3.3 3.1
Construction........................... 410 320 330 323 342 393 280 7.3 5.8 6.0 5.9 6.2 7.2 5.1
Manufacturing.......................... 218 279 245 266 265 252 188 1.9 2.4 2.1 2.3 2.3 2.2 1.6
Trade, transportation, and utilities(5) 696 769 763 741 773 718 755 2.8 3.1 3.1 3.0 3.1 2.9 3.0
Retail trade.......................... 475 545 531 527 541 470 514 3.3 3.8 3.7 3.6 3.7 3.3 3.6
Professional and business services..... 640 757 742 709 687 735 730 3.9 4.5 4.4 4.2 4.1 4.3 4.3
Education and health services.......... 373 429 460 408 460 450 401 1.9 2.2 2.3 2.1 2.3 2.3 2.0
Leisure and hospitality................ 597 601 607 613 595 583 594 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.7 4.6 4.5 4.5
Arts, entertainment, and recreation... 99 103 104 106 99 98 90 5.2 5.4 5.4 5.6 5.2 5.2 4.8
Accommodation and food services....... 498 498 503 507 497 485 503 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.4 4.3 4.5
Government(6)........................... 268 322 302 260 299 297 258 1.2 1.4 1.4 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.2
State and local government............. 248 289 266 220 263 269 227 1.3 1.5 1.4 1.1 1.4 1.4 1.2
REGION(7)
Northeast.............................. 747 662 647 677 715 598 545 3.0 2.7 2.6 2.7 2.9 2.4 2.2
South.................................. 1,269 1,448 1,422 1,288 1,407 1,476 1,428 2.7 3.1 3.0 2.7 3.0 3.1 3.0
Midwest................................ 764 859 890 821 890 841 873 2.6 2.9 3.0 2.8 3.0 2.8 3.0
West................................... 834 800 836 781 829 759 790 2.9 2.8 2.9 2.7 2.9 2.7 2.8
1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.
2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
3 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown.
4 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.
5 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.
6 Includes federal government, not shown separately.
7 See footnote 7, table 1.
p = preliminary.
Table 4. Quits levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, seasonally adjusted
Levels(3) (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Jan. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Jan. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan.
2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2011p 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2011p
Total.................................... 1,482 1,839 1,839 1,755 1,756 1,838 1,659 1.1 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.3
INDUSTRY
Total private(4)........................ 1,387 1,726 1,723 1,654 1,653 1,731 1,559 1.3 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.4
Construction........................... 71 77 80 77 56 81 59 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.0 1.5 1.1
Manufacturing.......................... 68 101 93 95 103 107 87 .6 .9 .8 .8 .9 .9 .7
Trade, transportation, and utilities(5) 306 398 411 376 388 373 342 1.2 1.6 1.7 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.4
Retail trade.......................... 223 299 319 291 292 274 250 1.5 2.1 2.2 2.0 2.0 1.9 1.7
Professional and business services..... 251 363 337 342 317 335 334 1.5 2.2 2.0 2.0 1.9 2.0 2.0
Education and health services.......... 214 230 235 228 248 244 210 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.1
Leisure and hospitality................ 342 366 358 357 335 368 350 2.6 2.8 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.8 2.7
Arts, entertainment, and recreation... 43 36 38 43 37 41 28 2.3 1.9 2.0 2.2 2.0 2.2 1.5
Accommodation and food services....... 299 330 320 314 297 327 321 2.7 3.0 2.9 2.8 2.7 2.9 2.9
Government(6)........................... 95 113 115 101 102 107 100 .4 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5
State and local government............. 91 103 106 89 91 98 92 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5
REGION(7)
Northeast.............................. 215 307 261 266 248 251 208 .9 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.0 .8
South.................................. 639 734 760 679 702 761 639 1.4 1.6 1.6 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.4
Midwest................................ 288 425 374 414 403 411 353 1.0 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.2
West................................... 286 401 382 377 367 343 345 1.0 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.2
1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.
2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
3 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown.
4 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.
5 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.
6 Includes federal government, not shown separately.
7 See footnote 7, table 1.
p = preliminary.
Table 5. Job openings levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Jan. Dec. Jan. Jan. Dec. Jan.
2010 2010 2011p 2010 2010 2011p
Total........................................... 2,542 2,583 2,912 2.0 1.9 2.2
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 2,156 2,215 2,608 2.0 2.0 2.4
Mining and Logging............................ 8 21 28 1.2 2.8 3.8
Construction.................................. 58 33 58 1.1 .6 1.1
Manufacturing................................. 124 159 207 1.1 1.3 1.8
Durable goods................................ 70 108 142 1.0 1.5 2.0
Nondurable goods............................. 54 50 65 1.2 1.1 1.5
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 309 353 475 1.3 1.4 1.9
Wholesale trade.............................. 66 64 120 1.2 1.1 2.2
Retail trade................................. 209 192 271 1.4 1.3 1.9
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 34 97 84 .7 2.0 1.7
Information................................... 106 73 85 3.8 2.6 3.1
Financial activities.......................... 161 181 237 2.1 2.3 3.0
Finance and insurance........................ 132 160 208 2.3 2.7 3.5
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 29 20 28 1.5 1.0 1.5
Professional and business services............ 433 594 562 2.6 3.4 3.3
Education and health services................. 556 492 533 2.8 2.4 2.6
Educational services......................... 30 41 55 1.0 1.2 1.8
Health care and social assistance............ 526 451 478 3.1 2.6 2.8
Leisure and hospitality....................... 218 205 272 1.7 1.6 2.1
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 12 28 35 .7 1.6 2.0
Accommodation and food services............. 206 177 237 1.9 1.6 2.2
Other services................................ 184 105 151 3.4 1.9 2.7
Government..................................... 386 367 304 1.7 1.6 1.4
Federal....................................... 169 81 72 5.6 2.8 2.5
State and local............................... 217 286 231 1.1 1.4 1.2
REGION (3)
Northeast..................................... 520 451 609 2.1 1.8 2.4
South......................................... 892 919 1,055 1.9 1.9 2.2
Midwest....................................... 503 530 557 1.7 1.7 1.9
West.......................................... 628 683 691 2.2 2.3 2.4
1 Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.
2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a
percent of total employment plus job openings.
3 See footnote 7, table 1.
p = preliminary.
Table 6. Hires levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Jan. Dec. Jan. Jan. Dec. Jan.
2010 2010 2011p 2010 2010 2011p
Total........................................... 3,429 2,841 3,539 2.7 2.2 2.8
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 3,161 2,680 3,294 3.0 2.5 3.1
Mining and Logging............................ 24 12 19 3.6 1.7 2.6
Construction.................................. 307 219 221 5.9 4.1 4.4
Manufacturing................................. 258 157 270 2.3 1.4 2.3
Durable goods................................ 179 93 177 2.6 1.3 2.5
Nondurable goods............................. 80 64 93 1.8 1.4 2.1
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 572 614 650 2.3 2.4 2.7
Wholesale trade.............................. 90 84 140 1.7 1.5 2.6
Retail trade................................. 394 367 413 2.8 2.5 2.9
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 89 164 98 1.9 3.4 2.1
Information................................... 53 55 63 2.0 2.0 2.4
Financial activities.......................... 147 137 134 1.9 1.8 1.8
Finance and insurance........................ 94 83 84 1.7 1.5 1.5
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 53 54 50 2.7 2.8 2.6
Professional and business services............ 756 629 862 4.7 3.7 5.2
Education and health services................. 406 328 423 2.1 1.6 2.2
Educational services......................... 56 32 68 1.8 1.0 2.2
Health care and social assistance............ 350 296 355 2.2 1.8 2.1
Leisure and hospitality....................... 490 417 482 4.0 3.3 3.9
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 69 70 66 4.1 4.0 3.9
Accommodation and food services............. 421 348 417 4.0 3.2 3.9
Other services................................ 147 112 170 2.8 2.1 3.2
Government..................................... 268 161 245 1.2 .7 1.1
Federal....................................... 51 23 31 1.8 .8 1.1
State and local............................... 218 138 214 1.1 .7 1.1
REGION (3)
Northeast..................................... 678 505 556 2.8 2.0 2.3
South......................................... 1,303 1,125 1,397 2.8 2.4 3.0
Midwest....................................... 727 613 777 2.5 2.1 2.7
West.......................................... 722 598 809 2.6 2.1 2.9
1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.
2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
3 See footnote 7, table 1.
p = preliminary.
Table 7. Total separations levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Jan. Dec. Jan. Jan. Dec. Jan.
2010 2010 2011p 2010 2010 2011p
Total........................................... 4,309 3,764 4,256 3.4 2.9 3.3
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 4,046 3,516 4,005 3.9 3.2 3.8
Mining and Logging............................ 21 23 19 3.2 3.1 2.6
Construction.................................. 549 445 378 10.6 8.3 7.5
Manufacturing................................. 305 227 257 2.7 2.0 2.2
Durable goods................................ 199 126 131 2.9 1.8 1.8
Nondurable goods............................. 106 102 126 2.4 2.3 2.9
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 950 794 1,026 3.9 3.1 4.2
Wholesale trade.............................. 127 105 139 2.3 1.9 2.5
Retail trade................................. 659 506 709 4.6 3.4 4.9
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 165 183 178 3.5 3.7 3.8
Information................................... 70 70 73 2.6 2.6 2.7
Financial activities.......................... 213 145 189 2.8 1.9 2.5
Finance and insurance........................ 126 92 100 2.2 1.6 1.8
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 87 52 89 4.6 2.7 4.7
Professional and business services............ 720 808 819 4.4 4.7 4.9
Education and health services................. 428 402 439 2.2 2.0 2.2
Educational services......................... 53 52 69 1.8 1.6 2.2
Health care and social assistance............ 374 350 370 2.3 2.1 2.2
Leisure and hospitality....................... 616 489 610 5.0 3.8 4.9
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 84 75 74 5.0 4.3 4.4
Accommodation and food services............. 532 414 536 5.0 3.8 5.0
Other services................................ 175 113 194 3.3 2.1 3.6
Government..................................... 263 249 251 1.2 1.1 1.1
Federal....................................... 32 25 47 1.1 .9 1.7
State and local............................... 231 224 204 1.2 1.1 1.1
REGION (3)
Northeast..................................... 956 646 688 3.9 2.6 2.8
South......................................... 1,494 1,399 1,671 3.2 2.9 3.6
Midwest....................................... 920 935 1,035 3.2 3.1 3.6
West.......................................... 938 784 863 3.4 2.7 3.1
1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.
2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of
total employment.
3 See footnote 7, table 1.
p = preliminary.
Table 8. Quits levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Jan. Dec. Jan. Jan. Dec. Jan.
2010 2010 2011p 2010 2010 2011p
Total........................................... 1,576 1,518 1,744 1.2 1.2 1.4
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 1,481 1,437 1,644 1.4 1.3 1.6
Mining and Logging............................ 7 7 7 1.1 1.0 1.0
Construction.................................. 65 62 53 1.2 1.2 1.0
Manufacturing................................. 72 71 89 .6 .6 .8
Durable goods................................ 34 37 43 .5 .5 .6
Nondurable goods............................. 38 34 46 .9 .8 1.1
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 344 331 381 1.4 1.3 1.6
Wholesale trade.............................. 38 32 47 .7 .6 .9
Retail trade................................. 253 250 281 1.8 1.7 2.0
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 53 49 53 1.1 1.0 1.1
Information................................... 16 36 27 .6 1.3 1.0
Financial activities.......................... 66 68 75 .9 .9 1.0
Finance and insurance........................ 48 41 46 .8 .7 .8
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 18 27 29 .9 1.4 1.5
Professional and business services............ 255 289 335 1.6 1.7 2.0
Education and health services................. 239 203 230 1.2 1.0 1.2
Educational services......................... 29 22 32 1.0 .7 1.0
Health care and social assistance............ 209 181 198 1.3 1.1 1.2
Leisure and hospitality....................... 341 298 351 2.8 2.3 2.8
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 36 28 23 2.1 1.6 1.4
Accommodation and food services............. 305 270 328 2.9 2.4 3.1
Other services................................ 77 72 96 1.5 1.3 1.8
Government..................................... 95 81 100 .4 .4 .5
Federal....................................... 6 7 13 .2 .2 .5
State and local............................... 88 75 87 .5 .4 .4
REGION (3)
Northeast..................................... 240 219 249 1.0 .9 1.0
South......................................... 698 641 707 1.5 1.4 1.5
Midwest....................................... 321 367 396 1.1 1.2 1.4
West.......................................... 317 291 392 1.1 1.0 1.4
1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.
2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
3 See footnote 7, table 1.
p = preliminary.
Table 9. Layoffs and discharges levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Jan. Dec. Jan. Jan. Dec. Jan.
2010 2010 2011p 2010 2010 2011p
Total........................................... 2,353 1,935 2,072 1.8 1.5 1.6
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 2,244 1,831 1,991 2.1 1.7 1.9
Mining and Logging............................ 11 13 10 1.7 1.8 1.4
Construction.................................. 467 380 314 9.0 7.0 6.2
Manufacturing................................. 206 128 143 1.8 1.1 1.2
Durable goods................................ 149 68 72 2.1 1.0 1.0
Nondurable goods............................. 57 60 71 1.3 1.4 1.6
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 515 407 544 2.1 1.6 2.2
Wholesale trade.............................. 72 64 56 1.3 1.2 1.0
Retail trade................................. 365 222 381 2.6 1.5 2.7
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 78 121 107 1.7 2.5 2.3
Information................................... 44 30 29 1.6 1.1 1.1
Financial activities.......................... 103 60 91 1.3 .8 1.2
Finance and insurance........................ 40 36 36 .7 .6 .6
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 63 24 56 3.3 1.2 2.9
Professional and business services............ 410 459 404 2.5 2.7 2.4
Education and health services................. 150 157 143 .8 .8 .7
Educational services......................... 19 24 27 .6 .7 .9
Health care and social assistance............ 130 133 116 .8 .8 .7
Leisure and hospitality....................... 250 168 233 2.0 1.3 1.9
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 45 44 47 2.7 2.5 2.8
Accommodation and food services............. 205 124 186 1.9 1.1 1.7
Other services................................ 89 29 78 1.7 .5 1.5
Government..................................... 109 105 81 .5 .5 .4
Federal....................................... 9 9 15 .3 .3 .5
State and local............................... 100 96 67 .5 .5 .3
REGION (3)
Northeast..................................... 643 379 362 2.6 1.5 1.5
South......................................... 669 656 822 1.5 1.4 1.8
Midwest....................................... 512 491 502 1.8 1.6 1.7
West.......................................... 528 409 386 1.9 1.4 1.4
1 Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.
2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a
percent of total employment.
3 See footnote 7, table 1.
p = preliminary.
Table 10. Other separations levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Jan. Dec. Jan. Jan. Dec. Jan.
2010 2010 2011p 2010 2010 2011p
Total........................................... 380 311 440 0.3 0.2 0.3
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 321 248 370 .3 .2 .3
Mining and Logging............................ 2 3 2 .3 .3 .2
Construction.................................. 18 3 12 .3 .1 .2
Manufacturing................................. 27 28 25 .2 .2 .2
Durable goods................................ 16 21 16 .2 .3 .2
Nondurable goods............................. 11 7 9 .3 .2 .2
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 92 56 101 .4 .2 .4
Wholesale trade.............................. 17 10 36 .3 .2 .7
Retail trade................................. 42 33 47 .3 .2 .3
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 33 13 18 .7 .3 .4
Information................................... 9 5 17 .3 .2 .7
Financial activities.......................... 45 17 23 .6 .2 .3
Finance and insurance........................ 38 15 18 .7 .3 .3
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 6 2 5 .3 .1 .2
Professional and business services............ 55 60 80 .3 .4 .5
Education and health services................. 39 42 66 .2 .2 .3
Educational services......................... 5 6 11 .2 .2 .3
Health care and social assistance............ 35 36 55 .2 .2 .3
Leisure and hospitality....................... 25 23 26 .2 .2 .2
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 4 3 4 .2 .1 .2
Accommodation and food services............. 21 20 22 .2 .2 .2
Other services................................ 8 13 20 .2 .2 .4
Government..................................... 59 62 70 .3 .3 .3
Federal....................................... 16 9 19 .6 .3 .7
State and local............................... 43 53 51 .2 .3 .3
REGION (3)
Northeast..................................... 69 49 77 .3 .2 .3
South......................................... 132 102 141 .3 .2 .3
Midwest....................................... 87 76 137 .3 .3 .5
West.......................................... 92 83 84 .3 .3 .3
1 Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.
2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of
total employment.
3 See footnote 7, table 1.
p = preliminary.
Table 11. Annual hires levels(1) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands)
Industry and region 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Total........................................... 64,870 63,326 53,986 45,372 47,234
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 60,419 58,760 50,286 41,966 43,299
Mining and Logging............................ 311 345 349 185 280
Construction.................................. 5,394 4,815 4,370 3,627 3,923
Manufacturing................................. 4,600 4,605 3,561 2,718 3,100
Durable goods................................ 2,736 2,682 2,046 1,399 1,771
Nondurable goods............................. 1,862 1,922 1,513 1,318 1,330
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 13,802 13,199 11,105 9,256 9,356
Wholesale trade.............................. 2,043 2,206 1,807 1,423 1,347
Retail trade................................. 9,595 9,109 7,564 6,214 6,481
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 2,167 1,884 1,736 1,621 1,532
Information................................... 1,117 981 747 663 614
Financial activities.......................... 3,078 3,137 2,421 1,863 1,884
Finance and insurance........................ 1,972 2,071 1,550 1,094 1,235
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 1,104 1,067 871 769 651
Professional and business services............ 11,949 11,467 9,702 8,001 8,942
Education and health services................. 6,374 6,428 6,290 5,816 5,678
Educational services......................... 883 916 914 849 860
Health care and social assistance............ 5,491 5,514 5,378 4,966 4,820
Leisure and hospitality....................... 11,242 11,193 9,491 7,600 7,475
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 1,574 1,639 1,410 1,166 1,277
Accommodation and food services............. 9,667 9,552 8,081 6,433 6,201
Other services................................ 2,556 2,590 2,247 2,236 2,038
Government..................................... 4,452 4,567 3,698 3,406 3,936
Federal....................................... 710 846 336 501 1,083
State and local............................... 3,743 3,720 3,363 2,907 2,854
REGION (2)
Northeast..................................... 10,238 10,001 8,747 8,134 8,500
South......................................... 25,286 24,339 20,133 17,047 17,546
Midwest....................................... 14,021 14,229 11,957 9,781 10,887
West.......................................... 15,326 14,760 13,144 10,408 10,304
1 The annual hires level is the total number of hires during the entire year.
2 See footnote 7, table 1.
NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment
Statistics employment estimates.
Table 12. Annual hires rates(1) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Rates
Industry and region 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Total........................................... 47.7 46.0 39.5 34.7 36.4
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 52.9 50.9 44.0 38.8 40.3
Mining and Logging............................ 45.5 47.7 45.6 26.7 39.7
Construction.................................. 70.1 63.1 61.0 60.3 71.0
Manufacturing................................. 32.5 33.2 26.6 22.9 26.9
Durable goods................................ 30.5 30.4 24.2 19.2 25.1
Nondurable goods............................. 36.0 37.9 30.6 28.9 29.8
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 52.5 49.6 42.2 37.2 38.0
Wholesale trade.............................. 34.6 36.7 30.4 25.5 24.7
Retail trade................................. 62.5 58.7 49.5 42.8 45.0
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 43.2 37.0 34.3 33.8 32.3
Information................................... 36.8 32.4 25.0 23.6 22.6
Financial activities.......................... 37.0 37.8 29.7 24.0 24.7
Finance and insurance........................ 32.0 33.8 25.8 18.9 21.7
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 50.8 49.2 40.9 38.6 33.6
Professional and business services............ 68.0 63.9 54.7 48.3 53.6
Education and health services................. 35.8 35.1 33.4 30.3 29.0
Educational services......................... 30.4 31.1 30.1 27.5 27.3
Health care and social assistance............ 36.8 35.9 34.0 30.8 29.4
Leisure and hospitality....................... 85.8 83.4 70.6 58.1 57.4
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 81.6 83.2 71.6 60.9 66.9
Accommodation and food services............. 86.5 83.4 70.5 57.6 55.8
Other services................................ 47.0 47.1 40.7 41.7 38.0
Government..................................... 20.3 20.6 16.4 15.1 17.5
Federal....................................... 26.0 30.9 12.2 17.7 36.5
State and local............................... 19.5 19.1 17.0 14.7 14.6
REGION (2)
Northeast..................................... 40.4 39.0 34.0 32.7 34.3
South......................................... 51.6 49.0 40.7 36.0 37.3
Midwest....................................... 45.0 45.4 38.4 32.9 36.9
West.......................................... 50.2 47.8 43.2 36.1 36.1
1 The annual hires rate is the number of hires during the entire year as a percent of annual average employment.
2 See footnote 7, table 1.
NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment
Statistics employment estimates.
Table 13. Annual total separations levels(1) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands)
Industry and region 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Total........................................... 62,699 62,173 57,525 50,544 46,347
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 58,496 57,924 54,042 47,035 42,125
Mining and Logging............................ 254 311 317 294 210
Construction.................................. 5,237 4,980 5,111 4,714 4,139
Manufacturing................................. 4,760 4,882 4,449 4,153 3,000
Durable goods................................ 2,770 2,886 2,686 2,519 1,637
Nondurable goods............................. 1,990 1,995 1,765 1,636 1,366
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 13,432 12,896 12,260 10,365 9,116
Wholesale trade.............................. 1,895 2,127 2,058 1,763 1,346
Retail trade................................. 9,511 8,940 8,331 6,761 6,317
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 2,028 1,829 1,869 1,839 1,456
Information................................... 1,140 994 865 843 659
Financial activities.......................... 2,966 3,274 2,657 2,197 1,939
Finance and insurance........................ 1,880 2,191 1,720 1,306 1,267
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 1,083 1,084 940 891 671
Professional and business services............ 11,431 11,192 10,515 8,735 8,540
Education and health services................. 5,914 5,920 5,843 5,502 5,282
Educational services......................... 831 854 815 805 788
Health care and social assistance............ 5,083 5,068 5,026 4,695 4,494
Leisure and hospitality....................... 10,867 10,938 9,720 7,894 7,298
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 1,495 1,592 1,440 1,232 1,242
Accommodation and food services............. 9,372 9,345 8,279 6,658 6,056
Other services................................ 2,498 2,534 2,305 2,340 1,939
Government..................................... 4,203 4,255 3,485 3,507 4,223
Federal....................................... 722 823 330 446 1,056
State and local............................... 3,480 3,430 3,155 3,063 3,167
REGION (2)
Northeast..................................... 9,865 9,544 9,332 8,756 8,446
South......................................... 24,368 23,876 21,478 18,675 17,063
Midwest....................................... 13,976 13,880 12,495 10,937 10,524
West.......................................... 14,487 14,875 14,222 12,180 10,310
1 The annual total separations level is the total number of total separations during the entire year.
2 See footnote 7, table 1.
NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment
Statistics employment estimates.
Table 14. Annual total separations rates(1) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Rates
Industry and region 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Total........................................... 46.1 45.2 42.1 38.6 35.7
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 51.3 50.2 47.3 43.4 39.2
Mining and Logging............................ 37.1 43.0 41.4 42.4 29.8
Construction.................................. 68.1 65.3 71.4 78.4 74.9
Manufacturing................................. 33.6 35.2 33.2 35.1 26.0
Durable goods................................ 30.8 32.8 31.7 34.6 23.2
Nondurable goods............................. 38.5 39.3 35.7 35.9 30.6
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 51.1 48.4 46.6 41.6 37.0
Wholesale trade.............................. 32.1 35.4 34.6 31.6 24.7
Retail trade................................. 61.9 57.6 54.5 46.6 43.8
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 40.4 35.9 36.9 38.3 30.7
Information................................... 37.5 32.8 29.0 30.1 24.3
Financial activities.......................... 35.6 39.4 32.6 28.3 25.4
Finance and insurance........................ 30.5 35.7 28.6 22.6 22.3
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 49.9 50.0 44.1 44.7 34.6
Professional and business services............ 65.1 62.4 59.3 52.7 51.2
Education and health services................. 33.2 32.3 31.0 28.7 27.0
Educational services......................... 28.6 29.0 26.8 26.1 25.0
Health care and social assistance............ 34.1 33.0 31.8 29.2 27.4
Leisure and hospitality....................... 82.9 81.5 72.3 60.4 56.1
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 77.5 80.9 73.1 64.3 65.1
Accommodation and food services............. 83.8 81.6 72.2 59.6 54.5
Other services................................ 45.9 46.1 41.8 43.6 36.1
Government..................................... 19.1 19.2 15.5 15.5 18.8
Federal....................................... 26.4 30.1 11.9 15.7 35.6
State and local............................... 18.1 17.6 16.0 15.5 16.2
REGION (2)
Northeast..................................... 38.9 37.2 36.2 35.1 34.1
South......................................... 49.7 48.0 43.4 39.4 36.3
Midwest....................................... 44.8 44.3 40.1 36.8 35.7
West.......................................... 47.4 48.2 46.7 42.2 36.1
1 The annual total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire year as a percent of annual average employment.
2 See footnote 7, table 1.
NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment
Statistics employment estimates.
Table 15. Annual quits levels(1) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands)
Industry and region 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Total........................................... 36,354 35,134 29,912 20,571 21,296
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 34,271 33,122 28,237 19,319 19,951
Mining and Logging............................ 141 184 175 89 91
Construction.................................. 2,244 1,901 1,560 861 857
Manufacturing................................. 2,510 2,514 1,891 1,020 1,114
Durable goods................................ 1,453 1,426 1,042 497 548
Nondurable goods............................. 1,056 1,091 849 527 564
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 8,159 7,656 6,614 4,589 4,695
Wholesale trade.............................. 1,054 1,174 956 523 516
Retail trade................................. 5,999 5,559 4,740 3,370 3,547
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 1,109 925 923 696 631
Information................................... 796 578 438 369 330
Financial activities.......................... 1,777 1,906 1,396 794 947
Finance and insurance........................ 1,182 1,404 949 504 630
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 595 502 447 292 315
Professional and business services............ 5,991 5,798 5,046 3,285 3,823
Education and health services................. 3,802 3,737 3,420 2,886 2,855
Educational services......................... 443 415 384 311 346
Health care and social assistance............ 3,361 3,322 3,035 2,573 2,509
Leisure and hospitality....................... 7,490 7,445 6,403 4,387 4,285
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 620 631 536 391 433
Accommodation and food services............. 6,871 6,811 5,867 3,999 3,853
Other services................................ 1,361 1,403 1,291 1,036 958
Government..................................... 2,085 2,013 1,675 1,253 1,343
Federal....................................... 328 288 105 85 166
State and local............................... 1,756 1,725 1,571 1,165 1,180
REGION (2)
Northeast..................................... 5,319 4,713 4,376 3,021 3,367
South......................................... 15,128 14,486 12,078 8,303 8,567
Midwest....................................... 7,760 7,558 6,524 4,416 4,780
West.......................................... 8,147 8,377 6,934 4,832 4,583
1 The annual quits level is the total number of quits during the entire year.
2 See footnote 7, table 1.
NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment
Statistics employment estimates.
Table 16. Annual quits rates(1) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Rates
Industry and region 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Total........................................... 26.7 25.5 21.9 15.7 16.4
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 30.0 28.7 24.7 17.8 18.6
Mining and Logging............................ 20.6 25.4 22.8 12.8 12.9
Construction.................................. 29.2 24.9 21.8 14.3 15.5
Manufacturing................................. 17.7 18.1 14.1 8.6 9.7
Durable goods................................ 16.2 16.2 12.3 6.8 7.8
Nondurable goods............................. 20.4 21.5 17.2 11.5 12.7
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 31.1 28.8 25.2 18.4 19.1
Wholesale trade.............................. 17.8 19.5 16.1 9.4 9.5
Retail trade................................. 39.1 35.8 31.0 23.2 24.6
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 22.1 18.2 18.2 14.5 13.3
Information................................... 26.2 19.1 14.7 13.2 12.2
Financial activities.......................... 21.3 23.0 17.1 10.2 12.4
Finance and insurance........................ 19.2 22.9 15.8 8.7 11.1
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 27.4 23.1 21.0 14.6 16.2
Professional and business services............ 34.1 32.3 28.5 19.8 22.9
Education and health services................. 21.3 20.4 18.2 15.0 14.6
Educational services......................... 15.3 14.1 12.6 10.1 11.0
Health care and social assistance............ 22.5 21.6 19.2 16.0 15.3
Leisure and hospitality....................... 57.1 55.5 47.7 33.5 32.9
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 32.2 32.0 27.2 20.4 22.7
Accommodation and food services............. 61.5 59.4 51.2 35.8 34.7
Other services................................ 25.0 25.5 23.4 19.3 17.9
Government..................................... 9.5 9.1 7.4 5.6 6.0
Federal....................................... 12.0 10.5 3.8 3.0 5.6
State and local............................... 9.1 8.9 8.0 5.9 6.0
REGION (2)
Northeast..................................... 21.0 18.4 17.0 12.1 13.6
South......................................... 30.9 29.2 24.4 17.5 18.2
Midwest....................................... 24.9 24.1 21.0 14.9 16.2
West.......................................... 26.7 27.1 22.8 16.8 16.1
1 The annual quits rate is the number of quits during the entire year as a percent of annual average employment.
2 See footnote 7, table 1.
NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment
Statistics employment estimates.
Table 17. Annual layoffs and discharges levels(1) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands)
Industry and region 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Total........................................... 21,468 22,577 23,737 26,318 21,243
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 20,097 21,209 22,571 24,709 19,156
Mining and Logging............................ 75 91 114 178 93
Construction.................................. 2,639 2,857 3,330 3,737 3,138
Manufacturing................................. 1,821 1,974 2,222 2,860 1,643
Durable goods................................ 1,023 1,210 1,422 1,844 929
Nondurable goods............................. 796 763 797 1,017 713
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 4,171 4,284 4,720 4,929 3,621
Wholesale trade.............................. 645 822 987 1,096 713
Retail trade................................. 2,849 2,759 2,963 2,822 2,274
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 679 704 768 1,011 634
Information................................... 257 312 356 405 271
Financial activities.......................... 873 1,113 1,035 1,217 730
Finance and insurance........................ 467 611 612 666 423
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 405 502 423 552 305
Professional and business services............ 4,586 4,751 4,881 4,846 4,113
Education and health services................. 1,686 1,741 1,982 2,123 2,022
Educational services......................... 338 386 385 445 388
Health care and social assistance............ 1,350 1,352 1,597 1,680 1,632
Leisure and hospitality....................... 3,055 3,168 3,015 3,237 2,663
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 835 902 865 810 774
Accommodation and food services............. 2,220 2,268 2,152 2,427 1,891
Other services................................ 935 913 913 1,179 864
Government..................................... 1,369 1,370 1,171 1,610 2,087
Federal....................................... 192 226 111 236 763
State and local............................... 1,178 1,141 1,059 1,374 1,325
REGION (2)
Northeast..................................... 3,675 4,005 4,211 5,038 4,388
South......................................... 7,475 7,922 8,073 9,033 7,128
Midwest....................................... 5,083 5,287 5,064 5,714 4,884
West.......................................... 5,233 5,362 6,393 6,537 4,842
1 The annual layoffs and discharges level is the total number of layoffs and discharges during the entire year.
2 See footnote 7, table 1.
NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment
Statistics employment estimates.
Table 18. Annual layoffs and discharges rates(1) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Rates
Industry and region 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Total........................................... 15.8 16.4 17.4 20.1 16.4
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 17.6 18.4 19.8 22.8 17.8
Mining and Logging............................ 11.0 12.6 14.9 25.6 13.2
Construction.................................. 34.3 37.4 46.5 62.1 56.8
Manufacturing................................. 12.9 14.2 16.6 24.1 14.3
Durable goods................................ 11.4 13.7 16.8 25.3 13.1
Nondurable goods............................. 15.4 15.0 16.1 22.3 16.0
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 15.9 16.1 18.0 19.8 14.7
Wholesale trade.............................. 10.9 13.7 16.6 19.6 13.1
Retail trade................................. 18.6 17.8 19.4 19.4 15.8
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 13.5 13.8 15.2 21.1 13.4
Information................................... 8.5 10.3 11.9 14.4 10.0
Financial activities.......................... 10.5 13.4 12.7 15.7 9.6
Finance and insurance........................ 7.6 10.0 10.2 11.5 7.4
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 18.6 23.1 19.9 27.7 15.7
Professional and business services............ 26.1 26.5 27.5 29.2 24.6
Education and health services................. 9.5 9.5 10.5 11.1 10.3
Educational services......................... 11.7 13.1 12.7 14.4 12.3
Health care and social assistance............ 9.0 8.8 10.1 10.4 9.9
Leisure and hospitality....................... 23.3 23.6 22.4 24.8 20.5
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 43.3 45.8 43.9 42.3 40.5
Accommodation and food services............. 19.9 19.8 18.8 21.7 17.0
Other services................................ 17.2 16.6 16.6 22.0 16.1
Government..................................... 6.2 6.2 5.2 7.1 9.3
Federal....................................... 7.0 8.3 4.0 8.3 25.7
State and local............................... 6.1 5.9 5.4 7.0 6.8
REGION (2)
Northeast..................................... 14.5 15.6 16.3 20.2 17.7
South......................................... 15.2 15.9 16.3 19.1 15.2
Midwest....................................... 16.3 16.9 16.3 19.2 16.6
West.......................................... 17.1 17.4 21.0 22.7 17.0
1 The annual layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire year as a percent of annual average employment.
2 See footnote 7, table 1.
NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment
Statistics employment estimates.
Table 19. Annual other separations levels(1) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands)
Industry and region 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Total........................................... 4,875 4,466 3,875 3,652 3,810
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 4,130 3,593 3,236 3,005 3,019
Mining and Logging............................ 39 35 30 25 25
Construction.................................. 355 220 224 118 144
Manufacturing................................. 431 392 338 275 245
Durable goods................................ 296 250 218 181 159
Nondurable goods............................. 135 143 120 91 87
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 1,105 960 925 847 802
Wholesale trade.............................. 194 132 117 142 116
Retail trade................................. 665 625 628 569 498
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 241 201 179 136 186
Information................................... 85 102 68 68 59
Financial activities.......................... 315 257 228 185 266
Finance and insurance........................ 230 177 156 136 213
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 85 81 70 49 54
Professional and business services............ 852 645 585 602 606
Education and health services................. 424 444 440 494 406
Educational services......................... 53 50 46 52 53
Health care and social assistance............ 372 395 395 443 353
Leisure and hospitality....................... 325 324 302 267 349
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 44 59 38 34 36
Accommodation and food services............. 282 266 265 234 312
Other services................................ 202 217 100 125 120
Government..................................... 748 874 639 645 788
Federal....................................... 201 309 115 124 128
State and local............................... 544 562 525 522 660
REGION (2)
Northeast..................................... 870 821 740 690 689
South......................................... 1,771 1,475 1,334 1,351 1,376
Midwest....................................... 1,130 1,035 907 802 860
West.......................................... 1,103 1,132 891 808 885
1 The annual other separations level is the total number of other separations during the entire year.
2 See footnote 7, table 1.
NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment
Statistics employment estimates.
Table 20. Annual other separations rates(1) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Rates
Industry and region 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Total........................................... 3.6 3.2 2.8 2.8 2.9
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 3.6 3.1 2.8 2.8 2.8
Mining and Logging............................ 5.7 4.8 3.9 3.6 3.5
Construction.................................. 4.6 2.9 3.1 2.0 2.6
Manufacturing................................. 3.0 2.8 2.5 2.3 2.1
Durable goods................................ 3.3 2.8 2.6 2.5 2.2
Nondurable goods............................. 2.6 2.8 2.4 2.0 2.0
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 4.2 3.6 3.5 3.4 3.3
Wholesale trade.............................. 3.3 2.2 2.0 2.5 2.1
Retail trade................................. 4.3 4.0 4.1 3.9 3.5
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 4.8 3.9 3.5 2.8 3.9
Information................................... 2.8 3.4 2.3 2.4 2.2
Financial activities.......................... 3.8 3.1 2.8 2.4 3.5
Finance and insurance........................ 3.7 2.9 2.6 2.4 3.7
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 3.9 3.7 3.3 2.5 2.8
Professional and business services............ 4.9 3.6 3.3 3.6 3.6
Education and health services................. 2.4 2.4 2.3 2.6 2.1
Educational services......................... 1.8 1.7 1.5 1.7 1.7
Health care and social assistance............ 2.5 2.6 2.5 2.8 2.2
Leisure and hospitality....................... 2.5 2.4 2.2 2.0 2.7
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 2.3 3.0 1.9 1.8 1.9
Accommodation and food services............. 2.5 2.3 2.3 2.1 2.8
Other services................................ 3.7 3.9 1.8 2.3 2.2
Government..................................... 3.4 3.9 2.8 2.9 3.5
Federal....................................... 7.4 11.3 4.2 4.4 4.3
State and local............................... 2.8 2.9 2.7 2.6 3.4
REGION (2)
Northeast..................................... 3.4 3.2 2.9 2.8 2.8
South......................................... 3.6 3.0 2.7 2.9 2.9
Midwest....................................... 3.6 3.3 2.9 2.7 2.9
West.......................................... 3.6 3.7 2.9 2.8 3.1
1 The annual other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire year as a percent of annual average employment.
2 See footnote 7, table 1.
NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment
Statistics employment estimates.
United States Department of Labor
