For release 10:00 a.m. (EDT) Tuesday, March 12, 2013 USDL-13-0422
Technical information: (202) 691-5870 • JoltsInfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/jlt
Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov
Job Openings and Labor Turnover – January 2013
There were 3.7 million job openings on the last business day of
January, little changed from December, the U.S. Bureau of Labor
Statistics reported today. The hires rate (3.1 percent) and
separations rate (3.0 percent) also were little changed in January.
This release includes estimates of the number and rate of job
openings, hires, and separations for the nonfarm sector by industry
and by geographic region. The release also includes 2012 annual
estimates for hires and separations. The annual levels for hires and
quits increased in 2012 while the annual total for layoffs and
discharges was about the same as in 2011.
Job Openings
The number of job openings in January was 3.7 million, little changed
from December. (See table 1.) The number of openings rose in
professional and business services but decreased in health care and
social assistance; the number was little changed in all remaining
industries and in all four regions in January.
_________________________________________________________________________
| Revisions to the JOLTS Data |
|Effective with this release, revisions to data from January 2008 |
|forward incorporate annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics|
|employment estimates and the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey |
|seasonal adjustment factors. See page 4 for more information on the |
|revisions. |
_________________________________________________________________________
Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Job openings | Hires | Total separations
|--------------------------------------------------------------
Industry | Jan. | Dec. | Jan. | Jan. | Dec. | Jan. | Jan. | Dec. | Jan.
| 2012 | 2012 | 2013p| 2012 | 2012 | 2013p| 2012 | 2012 | 2013p
-------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------
| Levels (in thousands)
|--------------------------------------------------------------
Total..........................|3,415 |3,612 |3,693 |4,192 |4,195 |4,247 |3,906 |4,062 |4,102
| | | | | | | | |
Total private(1)..............|3,066 |3,235 |3,292 |3,915 |3,915 |3,965 |3,622 |3,772 |3,816
Construction.................| 77 | 95 | 98 | 327 | 280 | 319 | 304 | 263 | 310
Manufacturing................| 255 | 242 | 245 | 249 | 236 | 212 | 211 | 231 | 217
Trade, transportation, | | | | | | | | |
and utilities(2)............| 573 | 704 | 735 | 862 | 890 | 861 | 808 | 840 | 849
Retail trade................| 321 | 436 | 470 | 579 | 600 | 576 | 558 | 595 | 577
Professional and | | | | | | | | |
business services...........| 674 | 575 | 676 | 791 | 798 | 839 | 700 | 813 | 793
Education and health | | | | | | | | |
services(3).................| 636 | 670 | 600 | 498 | 506 | 515 | 476 | 468 | 479
Health care and | | | | | | | | |
social assistance..........| 585 | 602 | 535 | 418 | 431 | 446 | 386 | 402 | 412
Leisure and hospitality......| 431 | 453 | 435 | 762 | 759 | 739 | 711 | 729 | 710
Arts, entertainment | | | | | | | | |
and recreation.............| 71 | 59 | 56 | 147 | 130 | 100 | 131 | 125 | 96
Accommodation and | | | | | | | | |
food services..............| 360 | 394 | 380 | 615 | 629 | 639 | 580 | 604 | 613
Government(4).................| 350 | 377 | 400 | 277 | 280 | 282 | 284 | 290 | 286
State and local..............| 296 | 313 | 330 | 260 | 246 | 249 | 258 | 251 | 245
|--------------------------------------------------------------
| Rates (percent)
|--------------------------------------------------------------
Total..........................| 2.5 | 2.6 | 2.7 | 3.2 | 3.1 | 3.1 | 2.9 | 3.0 | 3.0
| | | | | | | | |
Total private(1)..............| 2.7 | 2.8 | 2.8 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.3 | 3.3 | 3.4
Construction.................| 1.4 | 1.6 | 1.7 | 5.8 | 4.9 | 5.6 | 5.4 | 4.6 | 5.4
Manufacturing................| 2.1 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.1 | 2.0 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 1.9 | 1.8
Trade, transportation, | | | | | | | | |
and utilities(2)............| 2.2 | 2.7 | 2.8 | 3.4 | 3.5 | 3.3 | 3.2 | 3.3 | 3.3
Retail trade................| 2.1 | 2.8 | 3.0 | 3.9 | 4.0 | 3.8 | 3.8 | 4.0 | 3.8
Professional and | | | | | | | | |
business services...........| 3.7 | 3.1 | 3.6 | 4.5 | 4.4 | 4.6 | 4.0 | 4.5 | 4.4
Education and health | | | | | | | | |
services(3).................| 3.1 | 3.2 | 2.8 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.4 | 2.3 | 2.3
Health care and | | | | | | | | |
social assistance..........| 3.4 | 3.4 | 3.0 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.6 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.4
Leisure and hospitality......| 3.1 | 3.2 | 3.0 | 5.6 | 5.5 | 5.3 | 5.2 | 5.2 | 5.1
Arts, entertainment | | | | | | | | |
and recreation.............| 3.5 | 2.9 | 2.7 | 7.6 | 6.5 | 5.0 | 6.7 | 6.3 | 4.8
Accommodation and | | | | | | | | |
food services..............| 3.0 | 3.2 | 3.1 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 5.4 | 5.0 | 5.1 | 5.1
Government(4).................| 1.6 | 1.7 | 1.8 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3
State and local..............| 1.5 | 1.6 | 1.7 | 1.4 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.4 | 1.3 | 1.3
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not
shown separately.
2 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown
separately.
3 Includes educational services, not shown separately.
4 Includes federal government, not shown separately.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current
Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment
factors.
The number of job openings in January (not seasonally adjusted) was up
over the year for total nonfarm, total private, and government. Job
openings increased over the year for retail trade, other services, and
federal government, but decreased in mining and logging. The Northeast
and West regions experienced an increase in job openings over the
year. (See table 7.)
Hires
In January, the hires rate was unchanged at 3.1 percent. The hires
rate was little changed in all industries and in all regions over the
month. (See table 2.)
Over the 12 months ending in January, the hires rate (not seasonally
adjusted) was unchanged for total nonfarm, total private, and
government. The hires rate decreased in mining and logging and in
arts, entertainment, and recreation. The hires rate was little changed
in all four regions. (See table 8.)
Separations
Total separations includes quits, layoffs and discharges, and other
separations. Total separations also is referred to as turnover. Quits
are generally voluntary separations initiated by the employee.
Therefore, the quits rate can serve as a measure of workers’
willingness or ability to leave jobs. Layoffs and discharges are
involuntary separations initiated by the employer. Other separations
include separations due to retirement, death, and disability, as well
as transfers to other locations of the same firm.
In January, the quits rate was unchanged at 1.6 percent. The quits
rate edged up for total private in January but was unchanged for
government. (See table 4.)
The number of quits (not seasonally adjusted) rose over the 12 months
ending in January for total nonfarm and total private but remained the
same for government. The quits level increased over the year in
construction, finance and insurance, health care and social
assistance, and accommodation and food services. The quits level also
increased over the year in the Midwest and West regions. (See table
10.)
The layoffs and discharges component of total separations is
seasonally adjusted at the total nonfarm, total private, and
government levels and for the four regions. The layoffs and discharges
rate was little changed in January at 1.1 percent. The rate was little
changed for total private, government, and all four regions. (See
table 5.)
The layoffs and discharges level (not seasonally adjusted) was little
changed for total nonfarm, total private, and government over the 12
months ending in January 2013. Over the year, the number of layoffs
and discharges rose in transportation, warehousing, and utilities and
in professional and business services but fell in construction,
educational services, and accommodation and food services. The number
of layoffs and discharges decreased over the year in the Midwest. (See
table 11.)
In January, there were 376,000 other separations for total nonfarm,
little changed from the previous month. The number of other
separations for total private and government was also little changed.
Over the 12 months ending in January, the number of other separations
rose for total nonfarm, total private, and government. (See tables 6
and 12.)
Net Change in Employment
Large numbers of hires and separations occur every month throughout
the business cycle. Net employment change results from the
relationship between hires and separations. When the number of hires
exceeds the number of separations, employment rises, even if the hires
level is steady or declining. Conversely, when the number of hires is
less than the number of separations, employment declines, even if the
hires level is steady or rising. Over the 12 months ending in January
2013, hires totaled 52.0 million and separations totaled 50.0 million,
yielding a net employment gain of 2.0 million. These figures include
workers who may have been hired and separated more than once during
the year.
Annual Levels and Rates
This release contains the 2012 annual levels and rates for hires,
total separations, quits, layoffs and discharges, and other
separations. Note that annual figures for job openings are not
calculated because job openings are measured on a stock, or point-in-
time, basis rather than on a flow basis over a specified time period.
The annual figures and additional tables are published with the
release of January data each year. (See the Technical Note for
additional information on these measures.)
Calculating annual levels and rates allows additional comparisons
across years. In 2012, annual levels for hires, quits, and other
separations rose for the third year in a row. The layoffs and
discharges annual level was steady in 2012 after decreasing in 2011
and 2010.
In 2012, annual hires increased to 52.0 million (38.9 percent of
employment) and annual total separations rose to 49.7 million (37.1
percent of employment). Annual quits increased to 25.1 million (18.8
percent of employment) in 2012. Annual layoffs and discharges held
steady in 2012 at 20.5 million (15.4 percent of employment). Annual
other separations edged up in 2012 to 4.0 million (3.0 percent of
employment). (See tables 13 through 22.)
____________
The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey results for February 2013
are scheduled to be released on Tuesday, April 9, 2013 at 10:00 a.m.
(EDT).
Revisions to Job Openings and Labor Turnover Data
In accordance with annual practice, the Job Openings and Labor
Turnover Survey (JOLTS) data have been revised to reflect annual
updates to the Current Employment Statistics (CES), or establishment
survey, employment estimates. The JOLTS employment levels (not
published) are ratio-adjusted to the CES employment levels, and the
resulting ratios are applied to all JOLTS data elements. This annual
benchmark process resulted in revisions to all not seasonally adjusted
JOLTS data series from April 2011 forward, the time period since the
last benchmark was established. Additionally, the seasonally adjusted
JOLTS data series have been recalculated from January 2008 forward to
reflect updated seasonal adjustment factors. Further, the methodology
incorporated in 2009 to more closely align the hires and separations
estimates with the monthly payroll employment change created a
dependency of the not seasonally adjusted estimates on the seasonal
adjustment process. Therefore, the not seasonally adjusted data series
have been recalculated from January 2008 forward to reflect the
updated seasonal adjustment factors’ effect on the alignment process.
Tables B through G below present revised total nonfarm data for
January through December 2012. The December 2012 revisions also
reflect the routine incorporation of additional sample receipts into
the final December estimates. Tables presenting revisions to total
nonfarm data for 2008 through 2011 will be available later today on
the JOLTS website. The website also contains all revised seasonally
adjusted and not seasonally adjusted data. The revision tables and
data can be accessed through the JOLTS homepage at
http://www.bls.gov/jlt/.
Table B. Revisions in job openings data January 2012 - December 2012,
seasonally adjusted
_________________________________________________________________________________
| |
| Levels (in thousands) | Rates (percent)
Year |---------------------------------- |----------------------------------
and | As | As | | As | As |
month | previously | revised | Difference | previously | revised | Difference
| published | | | published | |
_________________________________________________________________________________
2012 | | | | | |
January...| 3,477 | 3,415 | -62 | 2.6 | 2.5 | -0.1
February..| 3,565 | 3,526 | -39 | 2.6 | 2.6 | .0
March.....| 3,741 | 3,848 | 107 | 2.7 | 2.8 | .1
April.....| 3,447 | 3,523 | 76 | 2.5 | 2.6 | .1
May.......| 3,657 | 3,774 | 117 | 2.7 | 2.7 | .0
June......| 3,722 | 3,792 | 70 | 2.7 | 2.8 | .1
July......| 3,593 | 3,499 | -94 | 2.6 | 2.5 | -.1
August....| 3,661 | 3,632 | -29 | 2.7 | 2.6 | -.1
September.| 3,547 | 3,603 | 56 | 2.6 | 2.6 | .0
October...| 3,665 | 3,646 | -19 | 2.7 | 2.6 | -.1
November..| 3,790 | 3,789 | -1 | 2.8 | 2.7 | -.1
December..| 3,617 | 3,612 | -5 | 2.6 | 2.6 | .0
__________|____________|_________|____________|____________|_________|___________
Table C. Revisions in hires data January 2012 - December 2012,
seasonally adjusted
_________________________________________________________________________________
| |
| Levels (in thousands) | Rates (percent)
Year |---------------------------------- |----------------------------------
and | As | As | | As | As |
month | previously | revised | Difference | previously | revised | Difference
| published | | | published | |
_________________________________________________________________________________
2012 | | | | | |
January...| 4,239 | 4,192 | -47 | 3.2 | 3.2 | 0.0
February..| 4,444 | 4,489 | 45 | 3.3 | 3.4 | .1
March.....| 4,335 | 4,435 | 100 | 3.3 | 3.3 | .0
April.....| 4,213 | 4,252 | 39 | 3.2 | 3.2 | .0
May.......| 4,461 | 4,526 | 65 | 3.4 | 3.4 | .0
June......| 4,284 | 4,357 | 73 | 3.2 | 3.3 | .1
July......| 4,278 | 4,171 | -107 | 3.2 | 3.1 | -.1
August....| 4,440 | 4,405 | -35 | 3.3 | 3.3 | .0
September.| 4,204 | 4,217 | 13 | 3.1 | 3.1 | .0
October...| 4,316 | 4,287 | -29 | 3.2 | 3.2 | .0
November..| 4,403 | 4,420 | 17 | 3.3 | 3.3 | .0
December..| 4,194 | 4,195 | 1 | 3.1 | 3.1 | .0
__________|____________|_________|____________|____________|_________|___________
Table D. Revisions in total separations data January 2012 - December 2012,
seasonally adjusted
_________________________________________________________________________________
| |
| Levels (in thousands) | Rates (percent)
Year |---------------------------------- |----------------------------------
and | As | As | | As | As |
month | previously | revised | Difference | previously | revised | Difference
| published | | | published | |
_________________________________________________________________________________
2012 | | | | | |
January...| 4,017 | 3,906 | -111 | 3.0 | 2.9 | -0.1
February..| 4,124 | 4,202 | 78 | 3.1 | 3.2 | .1
March.....| 4,167 | 4,180 | 13 | 3.1 | 3.1 | .0
April.....| 4,142 | 4,122 | -20 | 3.1 | 3.1 | .0
May.......| 4,463 | 4,447 | -16 | 3.4 | 3.3 | -.1
June......| 4,249 | 4,292 | 43 | 3.2 | 3.2 | .0
July......| 4,088 | 3,978 | -110 | 3.1 | 3.0 | -.1
August....| 4,355 | 4,341 | -14 | 3.3 | 3.2 | -.1
September.| 4,017 | 4,052 | 35 | 3.0 | 3.0 | .0
October...| 4,087 | 4,079 | -8 | 3.1 | 3.0 | -.1
November..| 4,222 | 4,179 | -43 | 3.2 | 3.1 | -.1
December..| 4,069 | 4,062 | -7 | 3.0 | 3.0 | .0
__________|____________|_________|____________|____________|_________|___________
Table E. Revisions in quits data January 2012 - December 2012,
seasonally adjusted
_________________________________________________________________________________
| |
| Levels (in thousands) | Rates (percent)
Year |---------------------------------- |----------------------------------
and | As | As | | As | As |
month | previously | revised | Difference | previously | revised | Difference
| published | | | published | |
_________________________________________________________________________________
2012 | | | | | |
January...| 2,002 | 1,964 | -38 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 0.0
February..| 2,072 | 2,106 | 34 | 1.6 | 1.6 | .0
March.....| 2,159 | 2,152 | -7 | 1.6 | 1.6 | .0
April.....| 2,114 | 2,080 | -34 | 1.6 | 1.6 | .0
May.......| 2,176 | 2,151 | -25 | 1.6 | 1.6 | .0
June......| 2,133 | 2,148 | 15 | 1.6 | 1.6 | .0
July......| 2,163 | 2,093 | -70 | 1.6 | 1.6 | .0
August....| 2,151 | 2,139 | -12 | 1.6 | 1.6 | .0
September.| 1,964 | 1,976 | 12 | 1.5 | 1.5 | .0
October...| 2,092 | 2,079 | -13 | 1.6 | 1.5 | -.1
November..| 2,178 | 2,140 | -38 | 1.6 | 1.6 | .0
December..| 2,157 | 2,126 | -31 | 1.6 | 1.6 | .0
__________|____________|_________|____________|____________|_________|___________
Table F. Revisions in layoffs and discharges data January 2012 - December 2012,
seasonally adjusted
_________________________________________________________________________________
| |
| Levels (in thousands) | Rates (percent)
Year |---------------------------------- |----------------------------------
and | As | As | | As | As |
month | previously | revised | Difference | previously | revised | Difference
| published | | | published | |
_________________________________________________________________________________
2012 | | | | | |
January...| 1,684 | 1,640 | -44 | 1.3 | 1.2 | -0.1
February..| 1,728 | 1,762 | 34 | 1.3 | 1.3 | .0
March.....| 1,652 | 1,704 | 52 | 1.2 | 1.3 | .1
April.....| 1,743 | 1,752 | 9 | 1.3 | 1.3 | .0
May.......| 1,956 | 1,955 | -1 | 1.5 | 1.5 | .0
June......| 1,761 | 1,786 | 25 | 1.3 | 1.3 | .0
July......| 1,582 | 1,534 | -48 | 1.2 | 1.1 | -.1
August....| 1,848 | 1,859 | 11 | 1.4 | 1.4 | .0
September.| 1,728 | 1,732 | 4 | 1.3 | 1.3 | .0
October...| 1,673 | 1,672 | -1 | 1.3 | 1.2 | -.1
November..| 1,699 | 1,705 | 6 | 1.3 | 1.3 | .0
December..| 1,567 | 1,569 | 2 | 1.2 | 1.2 | .0
__________|____________|_________|____________|____________|_________|___________
Table G. Revisions in other separations data January 2012 - December 2012,
seasonally adjusted
_________________________________________________________________________________
| |
| Levels (in thousands) | Rates (percent)
Year |---------------------------------- |----------------------------------
and | As | As | | As | As |
month | previously | revised | Difference | previously | revised | Difference
| published | | | published | |
_________________________________________________________________________________
2012 | | | | | |
January...| 332 | 302 | -30 | 0.3 | 0.2 | -0.1
February..| 325 | 334 | 9 | .2 | .3 | .1
March.....| 356 | 324 | -32 | .3 | .2 | -.1
April.....| 285 | 289 | 4 | .2 | .2 | .0
May.......| 331 | 341 | 10 | .2 | .3 | .1
June......| 355 | 358 | 3 | .3 | .3 | .0
July......| 343 | 351 | 8 | .3 | .3 | .0
August....| 356 | 343 | -13 | .3 | .3 | .0
September.| 326 | 344 | 18 | .2 | .3 | .1
October...| 323 | 328 | 5 | .2 | .2 | .0
November..| 345 | 334 | -11 | .3 | .2 | -.1
December..| 345 | 367 | 22 | .3 | .3 | .0
__________|____________|_________|____________|____________|_________|___________
Technical Note
This news release presents statistics from the Job Openings and Labor
Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) collects
and compiles JOLTS data monthly from a sample of nonfarm
establishments. A more detailed discussion of JOLTS concepts and
methodology is available online at www.bls.gov/opub/hom/pdf/homch18.pdf.
Coverage and collection
The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments, as well
as federal, state, and local government entities in the 50 states and
the District of Columbia. Data are collected for total employment, job
openings, hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and
total separations.
Concepts
Industry classification. The industry classifications in this release
are in accordance with the 2012 version of the North American Industry
Classification System (NAICS).
Employment. Employment includes persons on the payroll who worked or
received pay for the pay period that includes the 12th day of the
reference month. Full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term,
seasonal, salaried, and hourly employees are included, as are
employees on paid vacations or other paid leave. Proprietors or
partners of unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, or
persons on leave without pay or on strike for the entire pay period,
are not counted as employed. Employees of temporary help agencies,
employee leasing companies, outside contractors, and consultants are
counted by their employer of record, not by the establishment where
they are working.
Job openings. Job openings information is collected for the last
business day of the reference month. A job opening requires that: 1) a
specific position exists and there is work available for that
position, 2) work could start within 30 days whether or not the
employer found a suitable candidate, and 3) the employer is actively
recruiting from outside the establishment to fill the position.
Included are full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term, and seasonal
openings. Active recruiting means that the establishment is taking
steps to fill a position by advertising in newspapers or on the
Internet, posting help-wanted signs, accepting applications, or using
other similar methods.
Jobs to be filled only by internal transfers, promotions, demotions,
or recall from layoffs are excluded. Also excluded are jobs with start
dates more than 30 days in the future, jobs for which employees have
been hired but have not yet reported for work, and jobs to be filled
by employees of temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies,
outside contractors, or consultants. The job openings rate is computed
by dividing the number of job openings by the sum of employment and
job openings and multiplying that quotient by 100.
Hires. The hires level is the total number of additions to the
payroll occurring at any time during the reference month, including
both new and rehired employees, full-time and part-time, permanent,
short-term and seasonal employees, employees recalled to the location
after a layoff lasting more than 7 days, on-call or intermittent
employees who returned to work after having been formally separated,
and transfers from other locations. The hires count does not include
transfers or promotions within the reporting site, employees returning
from strike, employees of temporary help agencies or employee leasing
companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The hires rate is
computed by dividing the number of hires by employment and multiplying
that quotient by 100.
Separations. The separations level is the total number of employment
terminations occurring at any time during the reference month, and is
reported by type of separation—quits, layoffs and discharges, and
other separations. (Some respondents are only able to report total
separations.) The quits count includes voluntary separations by
employees (except for retirements, which are reported as other
separations). The layoffs and discharges count is comprised of
involuntary separations initiated by the employer and includes layoffs
with no intent to rehire; formal layoffs lasting or expected to last
more than 7 days; discharges resulting from mergers, downsizing, or
closings; firings or other discharges for cause; terminations of
permanent or short-term employees; and terminations of seasonal
employees. The other separations count includes retirements, transfers
to other locations, deaths, and separations due to disability. The
separations count does not include transfers within the same location
or employees on strike. The separations rate is computed by dividing
the number of separations by employment and multiplying that quotient
by 100. The quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations rates
are computed similarly.
Annual estimates. Annual levels for hires, quits, layoffs and
discharges, other separations, and total separations are the sum of
the 12 published monthly levels. Annual rates are computed by dividing
the annual level by the Current Employment Statistics (CES) annual
average employment level, and multiplying that quotient by 100. This
figure will be approximately equal to the sum of the 12 monthly rates.
Consistent with BLS practice, annual estimates are published only for
not seasonally adjusted data and are released with the January news
release each year. Annual estimates are not calculated for job
openings because job openings are a stock, or point-in-time,
measurement for the last business day of each month.
Sample and estimation methodology
The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random sample of 16,400
nonfarm business and government establishments. The sample is
stratified by ownership, region, industry sector, and establishment
size class. The establishments are drawn from a universe of over 9.1
million establishments compiled by the Quarterly Census of Employment
and Wages (QCEW) program which includes all employers subject to state
unemployment insurance laws and federal agencies subject to the
Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees program.
JOLTS total employment estimates are benchmarked, or ratio adjusted,
monthly to the strike-adjusted employment estimates of the CES survey.
A ratio of CES to JOLTS employment is used to adjust the levels for
all other JOLTS data elements.
JOLTS business birth/death model
As with any sample survey, the JOLTS sample can only be as current as
its sampling frame. The time lag from the birth of an establishment
until its appearance on the sampling frame is approximately one year.
In addition, many of these new units may fail within the first year.
Since these universe units cannot be reflected on the sampling frame
immediately, the JOLTS sample cannot capture job openings, hires, and
separations from these units during their early existence. To
compensate for the inability to capture data from these
establishments, BLS has developed a birth/death model that uses birth
and death activity from previous years. The estimates of job openings,
hires, and separations produced by the birth/death model are added to
the sample-based estimates produced from the survey to arrive at the
estimates for openings, hires, and separations.
Seasonal adjustment
BLS uses X-12 ARIMA to seasonally adjust several JOLTS series
utilizing moving averages as seasonal filters. A concurrent seasonal
adjustment methodology is used in which new seasonal adjustment
factors are calculated each month, using all relevant data, up to and
including current month data. JOLTS seasonal adjustment includes both
additive and multiplicative models and REGARIMA (regression with auto-
correlated errors) modeling to improve the seasonal adjustment factors
at the beginning and end of the series and to detect and adjust for
outliers in the series.
Alignment procedure
The JOLTS measures for hires minus separations can be used to derive a
measure of net employment change. This change should be comparable to
the net employment change from the much larger CES survey. However,
definitional differences as well as sampling and nonsampling errors
between the two surveys historically caused JOLTS to diverge from CES
over time. To limit the divergence, and improve the quality of the
JOLTS hires and separations series, BLS implemented the Monthly
Alignment Method.
This method applies the CES employment trends to the seasonally
adjusted JOLTS implied employment trend (hires minus separations)
forcing them to be approximately the same, while preserving the
seasonality of the JOLTS data. First, the two series are seasonally
adjusted and the difference between the JOLTS implied employment
change and the CES net employment change is calculated. Next, the
JOLTS implied employment change is adjusted to equal the CES net
employment change through a proportional adjustment. This procedure
adjusts the two components (hires, separations) proportionally to
their contribution to the total churn (hires plus separations). The
adjusted hires and separations are converted back to not seasonally
adjusted data by reversing the application of the original seasonal
factors. After the Monthly Alignment Method has been used to adjust
the level estimates, rate estimates are computed from the adjusted
levels.
Reliability of the estimates
JOLTS estimates are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error.
When a sample is surveyed rather than the entire population, there is
a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the "true"
population values they represent. The exact difference, or sampling
error, varies depending on the particular sample selected, and this
variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. BLS
analysis is generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.
That means that there is a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence,
that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6
standard errors from the "true" population value because of sampling
error. Estimates of sampling errors are available upon request.
The JOLTS estimates also are affected by nonsampling error.
Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, including the failure to
include a segment of the population, the inability to obtain data from
all units in the sample, the inability or unwillingness of respondents
to provide data on a timely basis, mistakes made by respondents,
errors made in the collection or processing of the data, and errors
from the employment benchmark data used in estimation.
Other information
Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired
individuals upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay
Service: (800) 877-8339.
Table 1. Job openings levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, seasonally adjusted
Levels(3) (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Jan. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Jan. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan.
2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2013p 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2013p
Total.................................... 3,415 3,632 3,603 3,646 3,789 3,612 3,693 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.6 2.7
INDUSTRY
Total private(4)........................ 3,066 3,222 3,216 3,295 3,421 3,235 3,292 2.7 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.9 2.8 2.8
Construction........................... 77 79 83 100 96 95 98 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.7
Manufacturing.......................... 255 257 242 265 271 242 245 2.1 2.1 2.0 2.2 2.2 2.0 2.0
Trade, transportation, and utilities(5) 573 613 648 618 731 704 735 2.2 2.3 2.5 2.4 2.8 2.7 2.8
Retail trade.......................... 321 371 389 392 475 436 470 2.1 2.4 2.5 2.6 3.1 2.8 3.0
Professional and business services..... 674 709 609 661 649 575 676 3.7 3.8 3.3 3.5 3.5 3.1 3.6
Education and health services(6)....... 636 651 712 667 691 670 600 3.1 3.1 3.4 3.2 3.3 3.2 2.8
Health care and social assistance..... 585 592 644 611 633 602 535 3.4 3.4 3.6 3.5 3.6 3.4 3.0
Leisure and hospitality................ 431 420 378 438 481 453 435 3.1 3.0 2.7 3.1 3.4 3.2 3.0
Arts, entertainment, and recreation... 71 57 48 49 52 59 56 3.5 2.8 2.4 2.4 2.6 2.9 2.7
Accommodation and food services....... 360 363 329 389 428 394 380 3.0 3.0 2.7 3.2 3.5 3.2 3.1
Government(7)........................... 350 409 387 350 368 377 400 1.6 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.8
State and local........................ 296 331 317 289 301 313 330 1.5 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.7
REGION(8)
Northeast.............................. 577 650 657 643 674 661 665 2.2 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.6 2.5 2.5
South.................................. 1,409 1,439 1,338 1,434 1,434 1,364 1,460 2.8 2.9 2.7 2.9 2.9 2.7 2.9
Midwest................................ 759 766 833 829 912 838 770 2.5 2.5 2.7 2.6 2.9 2.7 2.5
West................................... 671 776 776 740 769 749 797 2.2 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.6
1 Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.
2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus
job openings.
3 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown.
4 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.
5 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.
6 Includes educational services, not shown separately.
7 Includes federal government, not shown separately.
8 The States (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts,
New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of
Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas,
Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio,
South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah,
Washington, and Wyoming.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current
Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment
factors.
Table 2. Hires levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, seasonally adjusted
Levels(3) (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Jan. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Jan. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan.
2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2013p 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2013p
Total.................................... 4,192 4,405 4,217 4,287 4,420 4,195 4,247 3.2 3.3 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.1 3.1
INDUSTRY
Total private(4)........................ 3,915 4,083 3,934 4,031 4,134 3,915 3,965 3.5 3.6 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.5 3.5
Construction........................... 327 301 337 318 386 280 319 5.8 5.3 6.0 5.6 6.8 4.9 5.6
Manufacturing.......................... 249 232 227 234 234 236 212 2.1 1.9 1.9 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.8
Trade, transportation, and utilities(5) 862 903 833 911 900 890 861 3.4 3.5 3.3 3.6 3.5 3.5 3.3
Retail trade.......................... 579 591 560 617 597 600 576 3.9 4.0 3.8 4.1 4.0 4.0 3.8
Professional and business services..... 791 897 857 864 912 798 839 4.5 5.0 4.8 4.8 5.0 4.4 4.6
Education and health services(6)....... 498 495 493 489 471 506 515 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.3 2.5 2.5
Health care and social assistance..... 418 421 413 420 421 431 446 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.6
Leisure and hospitality................ 762 767 712 752 697 759 739 5.6 5.6 5.2 5.4 5.0 5.5 5.3
Arts, entertainment, and recreation... 147 128 100 125 108 130 100 7.6 6.5 5.1 6.3 5.4 6.5 5.0
Accommodation and food services....... 615 640 612 627 589 629 639 5.3 5.4 5.2 5.3 5.0 5.3 5.4
Government(7)........................... 277 322 283 255 286 280 282 1.3 1.5 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.3
State and local........................ 260 289 251 225 256 246 249 1.4 1.5 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.3
REGION(8)
Northeast.............................. 708 680 760 637 736 687 681 2.8 2.7 3.0 2.5 2.9 2.7 2.7
South.................................. 1,595 1,733 1,709 1,729 1,645 1,660 1,758 3.3 3.6 3.5 3.5 3.4 3.4 3.6
Midwest................................ 990 1,007 913 931 1,013 924 884 3.3 3.3 3.0 3.0 3.3 3.0 2.9
West................................... 899 985 835 990 1,026 924 924 3.1 3.4 2.8 3.4 3.5 3.1 3.1
1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.
2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
3 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown.
4 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.
5 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.
6 Includes educational services, not shown separately.
7 Includes federal government, not shown separately.
8 See footnote 8, table 1.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current
Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment
factors.
Table 3. Total separations levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, seasonally adjusted
Levels(3) (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Jan. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Jan. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan.
2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2013p 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2013p
Total.................................... 3,906 4,341 4,052 4,079 4,179 4,062 4,102 2.9 3.2 3.0 3.0 3.1 3.0 3.0
INDUSTRY
Total private(4)........................ 3,622 4,051 3,806 3,751 3,885 3,772 3,816 3.3 3.6 3.4 3.3 3.5 3.3 3.4
Construction........................... 304 298 336 288 359 263 310 5.4 5.3 6.0 5.1 6.3 4.6 5.4
Manufacturing.......................... 211 248 239 220 229 231 217 1.8 2.1 2.0 1.8 1.9 1.9 1.8
Trade, transportation, and utilities(5) 808 895 821 828 774 840 849 3.2 3.5 3.2 3.2 3.0 3.3 3.3
Retail trade.......................... 558 604 559 551 512 595 577 3.8 4.1 3.8 3.7 3.4 4.0 3.8
Professional and business services..... 700 895 846 784 849 813 793 4.0 5.0 4.7 4.3 4.7 4.5 4.4
Education and health services(6)....... 476 470 438 456 465 468 479 2.4 2.3 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.3
Health care and social assistance..... 386 398 374 384 402 402 412 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.4
Leisure and hospitality................ 711 748 678 726 694 729 710 5.2 5.4 4.9 5.2 5.0 5.2 5.1
Arts, entertainment, and recreation... 131 113 105 113 109 125 96 6.7 5.7 5.3 5.7 5.5 6.3 4.8
Accommodation and food services....... 580 635 573 613 584 604 613 5.0 5.4 4.8 5.2 4.9 5.1 5.1
Government(7)........................... 284 289 246 328 294 290 286 1.3 1.3 1.1 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.3
State and local........................ 258 259 213 291 255 251 245 1.4 1.4 1.1 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.3
REGION(8)
Northeast.............................. 664 669 700 666 656 663 734 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.9
South.................................. 1,571 1,678 1,651 1,628 1,585 1,609 1,551 3.3 3.4 3.4 3.3 3.2 3.3 3.2
Midwest................................ 868 1,033 883 851 982 894 835 2.9 3.4 2.9 2.8 3.2 2.9 2.7
West................................... 803 961 818 933 956 895 982 2.8 3.3 2.8 3.2 3.2 3.0 3.3
1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.
2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
3 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown.
4 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.
5 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.
6 Includes educational services, not shown separately.
7 Includes federal government, not shown separately.
8 See footnote 8, table 1.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current
Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment
factors.
Table 4. Quits levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, seasonally adjusted
Levels(3) (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Jan. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Jan. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan.
2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2013p 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2013p
Total.................................... 1,964 2,139 1,976 2,079 2,140 2,126 2,218 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.6
INDUSTRY
Total private(4)........................ 1,840 2,013 1,870 1,929 2,010 1,999 2,094 1.7 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.9
Construction........................... 64 74 77 93 90 68 126 1.1 1.3 1.4 1.7 1.6 1.2 2.2
Manufacturing.......................... 95 111 107 96 106 116 102 .8 .9 .9 .8 .9 1.0 .9
Trade, transportation, and utilities(5) 446 468 446 461 465 452 482 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.9
Retail trade.......................... 326 327 328 318 344 328 353 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.3 2.2 2.3
Professional and business services..... 369 376 372 360 394 413 345 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.0 2.2 2.3 1.9
Education and health services(6)....... 260 275 242 255 280 273 295 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.4 1.3 1.4
Health care and social assistance..... 230 232 206 226 247 248 261 1.4 1.4 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.5
Leisure and hospitality................ 393 432 396 437 442 451 471 2.9 3.1 2.9 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.4
Arts, entertainment, and recreation... 42 41 31 43 42 38 45 2.2 2.1 1.6 2.2 2.1 1.9 2.2
Accommodation and food services....... 351 391 364 394 400 413 426 3.0 3.3 3.1 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6
Government(7)........................... 124 126 106 150 130 127 124 .6 .6 .5 .7 .6 .6 .6
State and local........................ 114 117 97 137 119 115 115 .6 .6 .5 .7 .6 .6 .6
REGION(8)
Northeast.............................. 338 321 293 290 292 315 367 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.4
South.................................. 831 903 860 875 883 892 875 1.7 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8
Midwest................................ 404 476 436 452 496 454 478 1.3 1.6 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.6
West................................... 390 439 388 462 469 465 499 1.3 1.5 1.3 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.7
1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.
2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
3 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown.
4 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.
5 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.
6 Includes educational services, not shown separately.
7 Includes federal government, not shown separately.
8 See footnote 8, table 1.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current
Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment
factors.
Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, seasonally adjusted
Levels(3) (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Jan. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Jan. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan.
2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2013p 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2013p
Total.................................... 1,640 1,859 1,732 1,672 1,705 1,569 1,507 1.2 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.1
INDUSTRY
Total private(4)........................ 1,545 1,758 1,648 1,559 1,611 1,479 1,418 1.4 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.3
Construction........................... - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Manufacturing.......................... - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Trade, transportation, and utilities(5) - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Retail trade.......................... - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Professional and business services..... - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Education and health services(6)....... - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Health care and social assistance..... - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Leisure and hospitality................ - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Arts, entertainment, and recreation... - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Accommodation and food services....... - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Government(7)........................... 96 101 83 113 94 89 89 .4 .5 .4 .5 .4 .4 .4
State and local........................ - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
REGION(8)
Northeast.............................. 268 271 337 320 310 284 280 1.1 1.1 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.1
South.................................. 624 670 658 621 582 557 529 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.1
Midwest................................ 388 464 364 332 397 357 281 1.3 1.5 1.2 1.1 1.3 1.2 .9
West................................... 361 454 373 398 416 370 416 1.2 1.5 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.4
1 Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.
2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
3 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown.
4 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.
5 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.
6 Includes educational services, not shown separately.
7 Includes federal government, not shown separately.
8 See footnote 8, table 1.
p Preliminary
- Data not available.
NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current
Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment
factors.
Table 6. Other separations levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, seasonally adjusted
Levels(3) (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Jan. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Jan. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan.
2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2013p 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2013p
Total.................................... 302 343 344 328 334 367 376 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3
INDUSTRY
Total private(4)........................ 237 281 287 263 264 293 303 .2 .3 .3 .2 .2 .3 .3
Construction........................... - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Manufacturing.......................... - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Trade, transportation, and utilities(5) - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Retail trade.......................... - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Professional and business services..... - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Education and health services(6)....... - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Health care and social assistance..... - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Leisure and hospitality................ - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Arts, entertainment, and recreation... - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Accommodation and food services....... - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Government(7)........................... 65 62 56 65 70 74 73 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3
State and local........................ - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
REGION(8)
Northeast.............................. - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
South.................................. - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Midwest................................ - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
West................................... - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
1 Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.
2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
3 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown.
4 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.
5 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.
6 Includes educational services, not shown separately.
7 Includes federal government, not shown separately.
8 See footnote 8, table 1.
p Preliminary
- Data not available.
NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current
Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment
factors.
Table 7. Job openings levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Jan. Dec. Jan. Jan. Dec. Jan.
2012 2012 2013p 2012 2012 2013p
Total........................................... 3,587 3,103 3,879 2.7 2.2 2.8
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 3,265 2,746 3,508 2.9 2.4 3.1
Mining and logging............................ 30 18 17 3.5 2.1 1.9
Construction.................................. 74 61 96 1.4 1.1 1.8
Manufacturing................................. 248 214 240 2.1 1.8 2.0
Durable goods................................ 182 143 156 2.4 1.9 2.0
Nondurable goods............................. 66 71 85 1.5 1.6 1.9
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 594 561 755 2.3 2.1 2.9
Wholesale trade.............................. 165 105 161 2.9 1.8 2.8
Retail trade................................. 316 332 464 2.1 2.1 3.0
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 112 125 130 2.3 2.4 2.5
Information................................... 83 80 103 3.0 2.9 3.7
Financial activities.......................... 251 233 245 3.2 2.9 3.0
Finance and insurance........................ 174 170 180 2.9 2.8 3.0
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 77 63 64 3.9 3.1 3.2
Professional and business services............ 789 505 790 4.4 2.7 4.3
Education and health services................. 686 631 645 3.3 3.0 3.1
Educational services......................... 53 61 66 1.6 1.7 2.0
Health care and social assistance............ 633 569 579 3.6 3.2 3.3
Leisure and hospitality....................... 380 340 385 2.9 2.4 2.8
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 58 39 47 3.3 2.1 2.6
Accommodation and food services.............. 322 301 338 2.8 2.5 2.9
Other services................................ 130 103 233 2.4 1.9 4.1
Government..................................... 323 357 371 1.5 1.6 1.7
Federal....................................... 45 59 60 1.6 2.1 2.1
State and local............................... 278 298 310 1.4 1.5 1.6
REGION (3)
Northeast..................................... 602 555 693 2.4 2.1 2.7
South......................................... 1,528 1,193 1,586 3.1 2.4 3.2
Midwest....................................... 748 721 758 2.5 2.3 2.4
West.......................................... 709 634 842 2.4 2.1 2.8
1 Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.
2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a
percent of total employment plus job openings.
3 See footnote 8, table 1.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.
Table 8. Hires levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Jan. Dec. Jan. Jan. Dec. Jan.
2012 2012 2013p 2012 2012 2013p
Total........................................... 4,013 3,013 4,073 3.1 2.2 3.1
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 3,749 2,842 3,808 3.4 2.5 3.4
Mining and logging............................ 43 20 34 5.2 2.3 4.1
Construction.................................. 276 166 268 5.3 2.9 5.0
Manufacturing................................. 266 152 229 2.3 1.3 1.9
Durable goods................................ 165 96 146 2.2 1.3 2.0
Nondurable goods............................. 102 56 83 2.3 1.3 1.9
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 739 718 737 2.9 2.7 2.9
Wholesale trade.............................. 149 95 140 2.7 1.7 2.5
Retail trade................................. 458 462 457 3.1 3.0 3.1
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 132 160 141 2.7 3.1 2.8
Information................................... 56 54 72 2.1 2.0 2.7
Financial activities.......................... 168 130 211 2.2 1.7 2.7
Finance and insurance........................ 119 75 148 2.1 1.3 2.5
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 49 55 63 2.6 2.8 3.3
Professional and business services............ 863 596 908 5.0 3.3 5.1
Education and health services................. 508 357 528 2.5 1.7 2.6
Educational services......................... 82 39 70 2.5 1.1 2.2
Health care and social assistance............ 426 319 458 2.5 1.9 2.7
Leisure and hospitality....................... 630 522 614 4.9 3.8 4.6
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 115 89 77 6.7 4.8 4.4
Accommodation and food services.............. 516 433 537 4.6 3.7 4.7
Other services................................ 201 127 205 3.8 2.3 3.8
Government..................................... 264 171 265 1.2 .8 1.2
Federal....................................... 15 27 30 .5 1.0 1.1
State and local............................... 249 144 235 1.3 .7 1.2
REGION (3)
Northeast..................................... 656 503 632 2.6 2.0 2.5
South......................................... 1,629 1,206 1,794 3.4 2.4 3.7
Midwest....................................... 896 640 797 3.0 2.1 2.6
West.......................................... 832 663 850 2.9 2.2 2.9
1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.
2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
3 See footnote 8, table 1.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.
Table 9. Total separations levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Jan. Dec. Jan. Jan. Dec. Jan.
2012 2012 2013p 2012 2012 2013p
Total........................................... 4,346 3,866 4,568 3.3 2.9 3.4
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 4,089 3,610 4,297 3.8 3.2 3.9
Mining and logging............................ 31 28 31 3.8 3.3 3.7
Construction.................................. 387 288 363 7.4 5.1 6.8
Manufacturing................................. 229 196 231 1.9 1.6 2.0
Durable goods................................ 128 118 145 1.7 1.6 2.0
Nondurable goods............................. 101 78 86 2.3 1.8 1.9
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 1,055 915 1,110 4.2 3.5 4.3
Wholesale trade.............................. 144 101 137 2.6 1.8 2.4
Retail trade................................. 751 623 766 5.1 4.0 5.1
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 161 191 207 3.3 3.7 4.1
Information................................... 78 66 69 2.9 2.4 2.6
Financial activities.......................... 189 139 236 2.5 1.8 3.0
Finance and insurance........................ 125 83 156 2.2 1.4 2.7
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 64 56 80 3.4 2.9 4.1
Professional and business services............ 758 804 872 4.4 4.4 4.9
Education and health services................. 471 409 490 2.4 2.0 2.4
Educational services......................... 72 49 59 2.2 1.4 1.8
Health care and social assistance............ 399 360 431 2.4 2.1 2.5
Leisure and hospitality....................... 697 623 693 5.4 4.6 5.2
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 104 99 74 6.0 5.4 4.2
Accommodation and food services.............. 593 523 620 5.3 4.4 5.4
Other services................................ 193 142 202 3.6 2.6 3.7
Government..................................... 258 256 270 1.2 1.2 1.2
Federal....................................... 35 39 61 1.3 1.4 2.2
State and local............................... 223 217 209 1.2 1.1 1.1
REGION (3)
Northeast..................................... 712 647 791 2.9 2.5 3.1
South......................................... 1,743 1,473 1,732 3.7 3.0 3.6
Midwest....................................... 994 917 936 3.3 3.0 3.1
West.......................................... 898 829 1,109 3.1 2.8 3.8
1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.
2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of
total employment.
3 See footnote 8, table 1.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.
Table 10. Quits levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Jan. Dec. Jan. Jan. Dec. Jan.
2012 2012 2013p 2012 2012 2013p
Total........................................... 1,931 1,727 2,175 1.5 1.3 1.6
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 1,817 1,630 2,062 1.7 1.4 1.9
Mining and logging............................ 15 10 11 1.8 1.2 1.3
Construction.................................. 57 51 113 1.1 .9 2.1
Manufacturing................................. 85 80 91 .7 .7 .8
Durable goods................................ 43 44 54 .6 .6 .7
Nondurable goods............................. 41 36 38 .9 .8 .9
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 468 389 505 1.9 1.5 2.0
Wholesale trade.............................. 55 41 58 1.0 .7 1.0
Retail trade................................. 345 285 373 2.3 1.8 2.5
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 67 63 74 1.4 1.2 1.5
Information................................... 44 41 45 1.6 1.5 1.7
Financial activities.......................... 76 59 110 1.0 .8 1.4
Finance and insurance........................ 43 36 74 .7 .6 1.3
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 33 23 36 1.7 1.2 1.9
Professional and business services............ 354 336 327 2.0 1.8 1.8
Education and health services................. 261 229 299 1.3 1.1 1.5
Educational services......................... 28 18 32 .9 .5 1.0
Health care and social assistance............ 233 211 267 1.4 1.2 1.6
Leisure and hospitality....................... 365 366 439 2.8 2.7 3.3
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 29 28 31 1.7 1.5 1.7
Accommodation and food services.............. 336 338 408 3.0 2.9 3.6
Other services................................ 94 69 121 1.8 1.3 2.2
Government..................................... 113 97 113 .5 .4 .5
Federal....................................... 12 9 12 .4 .3 .4
State and local............................... 101 88 101 .5 .5 .5
REGION (3)
Northeast..................................... 323 248 355 1.3 1.0 1.4
South......................................... 843 731 883 1.8 1.5 1.8
Midwest....................................... 384 379 452 1.3 1.2 1.5
West.......................................... 380 369 485 1.3 1.2 1.7
1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.
2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
3 See footnote 8, table 1.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.
Table 11. Layoffs and discharges levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Jan. Dec. Jan. Jan. Dec. Jan.
2012 2012 2013p 2012 2012 2013p
Total........................................... 2,022 1,786 1,888 1.5 1.3 1.4
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 1,948 1,703 1,822 1.8 1.5 1.6
Mining and logging............................ 14 16 18 1.7 1.9 2.1
Construction.................................. 314 233 228 6.0 4.2 4.3
Manufacturing................................. 112 97 115 1.0 .8 1.0
Durable goods................................ 62 63 75 .8 .8 1.0
Nondurable goods............................. 50 33 40 1.1 .7 .9
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 495 455 494 2.0 1.7 1.9
Wholesale trade.............................. 75 50 54 1.3 .9 1.0
Retail trade................................. 342 287 327 2.3 1.8 2.2
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 79 118 113 1.6 2.3 2.3
Information................................... 32 20 18 1.2 .7 .7
Financial activities.......................... 55 44 78 .7 .6 1.0
Finance and insurance........................ 28 19 46 .5 .3 .8
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 27 26 32 1.4 1.3 1.7
Professional and business services............ 343 418 462 2.0 2.3 2.6
Education and health services................. 176 141 140 .9 .7 .7
Educational services......................... 39 27 17 1.2 .8 .5
Health care and social assistance............ 138 114 123 .8 .7 .7
Leisure and hospitality....................... 315 222 207 2.4 1.6 1.6
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 74 70 41 4.3 3.8 2.3
Accommodation and food services.............. 242 153 166 2.2 1.3 1.4
Other services................................ 89 56 61 1.7 1.0 1.1
Government..................................... 75 83 67 .3 .4 .3
Federal....................................... 9 12 10 .3 .4 .4
State and local............................... 66 71 57 .3 .4 .3
REGION (3)
Northeast..................................... 312 338 327 1.3 1.3 1.3
South......................................... 759 595 658 1.6 1.2 1.4
Midwest....................................... 496 458 363 1.7 1.5 1.2
West.......................................... 455 395 540 1.6 1.3 1.9
1 Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.
2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a
percent of total employment.
3 See footnote 8, table 1.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.
Table 12. Other separations levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Jan. Dec. Jan. Jan. Dec. Jan.
2012 2012 2013p 2012 2012 2013p
Total........................................... 393 352 505 0.3 0.3 0.4
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 324 276 414 .3 .2 .4
Mining and logging............................ 2 2 3 .3 .2 .3
Construction.................................. 16 4 22 .3 .1 .4
Manufacturing................................. 32 19 24 .3 .2 .2
Durable goods................................ 23 11 16 .3 .1 .2
Nondurable goods............................. 9 8 8 .2 .2 .2
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 92 71 111 .4 .3 .4
Wholesale trade.............................. 13 10 25 .2 .2 .4
Retail trade................................. 64 51 67 .4 .3 .4
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 15 9 19 .3 .2 .4
Information................................... 2 5 6 .1 .2 .2
Financial activities.......................... 57 35 47 .7 .4 .6
Finance and insurance........................ 53 28 36 .9 .5 .6
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 4 7 11 .2 .4 .6
Professional and business services............ 61 50 83 .4 .3 .5
Education and health services................. 34 38 51 .2 .2 .3
Educational services......................... 6 4 10 .2 .1 .3
Health care and social assistance............ 28 34 42 .2 .2 .2
Leisure and hospitality....................... 17 35 47 .1 .3 .4
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 2 2 2 .1 .1 .1
Accommodation and food services.............. 16 33 45 .1 .3 .4
Other services................................ 10 18 20 .2 .3 .4
Government..................................... 69 76 91 .3 .3 .4
Federal....................................... 14 18 39 .5 .6 1.4
State and local............................... 56 58 52 .3 .3 .3
REGION (3)
Northeast..................................... 77 61 109 .3 .2 .4
South......................................... 142 148 192 .3 .3 .4
Midwest....................................... 113 79 121 .4 .3 .4
West.......................................... 61 64 83 .2 .2 .3
1 Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.
2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of
total employment.
3 See footnote 8, table 1.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.
Table 13. Annual hires levels(1) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands)
Industry and region 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Total........................................... 55,128 46,357 48,607 49,675 51,991
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 51,591 43,031 44,788 46,552 48,493
Mining and Logging............................ 357 188 288 335 380
Construction.................................. 4,476 3,681 3,994 4,098 3,900
Manufacturing................................. 3,588 2,755 3,135 3,035 2,967
Durable goods................................ 2,064 1,411 1,797 1,771 1,794
Nondurable goods............................. 1,525 1,343 1,337 1,263 1,174
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 11,414 9,437 9,687 9,946 10,447
Wholesale trade.............................. 1,761 1,448 1,410 1,485 1,539
Retail trade................................. 7,875 6,323 6,686 6,772 6,995
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 1,776 1,665 1,591 1,690 1,912
Information................................... 755 670 652 732 743
Financial activities.......................... 2,504 1,988 2,018 1,852 2,143
Finance and insurance........................ 1,609 1,190 1,332 1,180 1,402
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 894 797 686 669 739
Professional and business services............ 9,962 8,249 9,321 10,181 10,582
Education and health services................. 6,353 5,951 5,772 5,681 5,997
Educational services......................... 908 861 891 941 886
Health care and social assistance............ 5,443 5,093 4,881 4,741 5,112
Leisure and hospitality....................... 9,821 7,780 7,823 8,414 8,999
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 1,454 1,203 1,319 1,445 1,533
Accommodation and food services.............. 8,369 6,574 6,506 6,970 7,465
Other services................................ 2,363 2,336 2,100 2,279 2,336
Government..................................... 3,535 3,326 3,820 3,123 3,503
Federal....................................... 318 460 1,053 332 353
State and local............................... 3,218 2,867 2,767 2,790 3,148
REGION (2)
Northeast..................................... 8,853 8,282 8,679 8,317 8,443
South......................................... 20,817 17,480 18,216 18,899 20,543
Midwest....................................... 12,014 10,050 11,128 11,505 11,613
West.......................................... 13,445 10,548 10,586 10,954 11,395
1 The annual hires level is the total number of hires during the entire year.
2 See footnote 8, table 1.
NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment
Statistics employment estimates.
Table 14. Annual hires rates(1) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Rates
Industry and region 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Total........................................... 40.3 35.4 37.4 37.8 38.9
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 45.1 39.8 41.7 42.5 43.4
Mining and Logging............................ 46.6 27.1 40.9 42.5 44.7
Construction.................................. 62.5 61.2 72.4 74.1 69.1
Manufacturing................................. 26.8 23.3 27.2 25.9 24.9
Durable goods................................ 24.4 19.4 25.4 24.4 24.0
Nondurable goods............................. 30.9 29.4 30.0 28.4 26.3
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 43.4 37.9 39.3 39.7 40.9
Wholesale trade.............................. 29.6 25.9 25.9 26.8 27.1
Retail trade................................. 51.5 43.5 46.3 46.2 47.0
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 35.1 34.7 33.5 34.8 38.5
Information................................... 25.3 23.9 24.1 27.3 27.7
Financial activities.......................... 30.7 25.6 26.4 24.1 27.5
Finance and insurance........................ 26.7 20.6 23.3 20.5 24.0
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 42.0 40.0 35.5 34.7 37.9
Professional and business services............ 56.2 49.8 55.7 58.7 59.0
Education and health services................. 33.7 31.0 29.6 28.6 29.5
Educational services......................... 29.9 27.9 28.2 29.0 26.5
Health care and social assistance............ 34.5 31.6 29.8 28.5 30.1
Leisure and hospitality....................... 73.1 59.5 60.0 63.0 65.5
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 73.8 62.8 68.9 75.3 78.0
Accommodation and food services.............. 73.0 58.9 58.4 61.0 63.4
Other services................................ 42.8 43.5 39.4 42.5 43.0
Government..................................... 15.7 14.7 17.0 14.1 16.0
Federal....................................... 11.5 16.2 35.4 11.6 12.5
State and local............................... 16.3 14.5 14.2 14.5 16.5
REGION (2)
Northeast..................................... 34.4 33.2 35.1 33.3 33.3
South......................................... 42.1 36.9 38.7 39.5 42.2
Midwest....................................... 38.6 33.8 37.7 38.5 38.2
West.......................................... 44.2 36.6 37.1 38.0 38.8
1 The annual hires rate is the number of hires during the entire year as a percent of annual average employment.
2 See footnote 8, table 1.
NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment
Statistics employment estimates.
Table 15. Annual total separations levels(1) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands)
Industry and region 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Total........................................... 58,627 51,532 47,646 47,626 49,676
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 55,235 48,105 43,532 44,173 46,152
Mining and Logging............................ 323 297 217 237 354
Construction.................................. 5,239 4,767 4,204 3,906 3,808
Manufacturing................................. 4,458 4,165 3,033 2,820 2,808
Durable goods................................ 2,692 2,512 1,678 1,538 1,659
Nondurable goods............................. 1,767 1,654 1,356 1,283 1,146
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 12,499 10,529 9,385 9,436 9,924
Wholesale trade.............................. 1,997 1,777 1,407 1,365 1,429
Retail trade................................. 8,604 6,866 6,469 6,476 6,757
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 1,897 1,883 1,507 1,598 1,739
Information................................... 865 843 711 727 749
Financial activities.......................... 2,712 2,321 2,072 1,815 2,043
Finance and insurance........................ 1,750 1,398 1,359 1,147 1,322
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 963 925 716 669 721
Professional and business services............ 10,795 9,018 8,809 9,616 10,004
Education and health services................. 5,880 5,640 5,454 5,269 5,578
Educational services......................... 813 831 808 810 841
Health care and social assistance............ 5,070 4,809 4,644 4,459 4,740
Leisure and hospitality....................... 10,047 8,091 7,572 8,117 8,616
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 1,477 1,267 1,273 1,472 1,450
Accommodation and food services.............. 8,571 6,825 6,299 6,643 7,163
Other services................................ 2,413 2,432 2,072 2,228 2,268
Government..................................... 3,391 3,426 4,112 3,453 3,525
Federal....................................... 303 412 994 370 389
State and local............................... 3,086 3,015 3,117 3,083 3,135
REGION (2)
Northeast..................................... 9,509 8,924 8,600 8,006 8,147
South......................................... 22,031 19,056 17,668 18,210 19,566
Midwest....................................... 12,567 11,163 10,783 10,955 11,143
West.......................................... 14,515 12,390 10,596 10,453 10,824
1 The annual total separations level is the total number of total separations during the entire year.
2 See footnote 8, table 1.
NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment
Statistics employment estimates.
Table 16. Annual total separations rates(1) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Rates
Industry and region 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Total........................................... 42.9 39.4 36.7 36.2 37.1
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 48.3 44.4 40.5 40.4 41.3
Mining and Logging............................ 42.2 42.8 30.8 30.1 41.6
Construction.................................. 73.1 79.2 76.2 70.6 67.5
Manufacturing................................. 33.2 35.2 26.3 24.0 23.6
Durable goods................................ 31.8 34.5 23.8 21.1 22.2
Nondurable goods............................. 35.7 36.2 30.4 28.8 25.7
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 47.5 42.3 38.1 37.6 38.9
Wholesale trade.............................. 33.6 31.8 25.8 24.6 25.2
Retail trade................................. 56.3 47.3 44.8 44.2 45.4
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 37.4 39.3 31.8 32.9 35.0
Information................................... 29.0 30.1 26.3 27.2 28.0
Financial activities.......................... 33.3 29.9 27.1 23.6 26.2
Finance and insurance........................ 29.1 24.2 23.8 19.9 22.7
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 45.2 46.4 37.0 34.7 36.9
Professional and business services............ 60.9 54.4 52.7 55.5 55.8
Education and health services................. 31.2 29.4 27.9 26.5 27.5
Educational services......................... 26.7 26.9 25.6 24.9 25.1
Health care and social assistance............ 32.1 29.9 28.4 26.8 27.9
Leisure and hospitality....................... 74.8 61.9 58.0 60.8 62.7
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 75.0 66.1 66.5 76.7 73.8
Accommodation and food services.............. 74.8 61.1 56.6 58.1 60.8
Other services................................ 43.8 45.3 38.9 41.6 41.7
Government..................................... 15.1 15.2 18.3 15.6 16.1
Federal....................................... 11.0 14.5 33.4 12.9 13.8
State and local............................... 15.6 15.3 16.0 16.0 16.4
REGION (2)
Northeast..................................... 36.9 35.8 34.7 32.1 32.1
South......................................... 44.5 40.2 37.5 38.1 40.2
Midwest....................................... 40.4 37.6 36.6 36.7 36.7
West.......................................... 47.7 43.0 37.2 36.2 36.9
1 The annual total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire year as a percent of annual average employment.
2 See footnote 8, table 1.
NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment
Statistics employment estimates.
Table 17. Annual quits levels(1) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands)
Industry and region 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Total........................................... 30,564 21,029 21,978 23,313 25,132
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 28,954 19,825 20,668 21,905 23,589
Mining and Logging............................ 177 89 95 136 196
Construction.................................. 1,585 887 903 924 946
Manufacturing................................. 1,874 1,034 1,139 1,247 1,284
Durable goods................................ 1,034 501 570 637 706
Nondurable goods............................. 838 533 569 612 579
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 6,842 4,655 4,860 5,170 5,530
Wholesale trade.............................. 983 541 543 614 688
Retail trade................................. 4,936 3,428 3,669 3,826 3,984
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 923 688 647 729 855
Information................................... 434 390 355 389 431
Financial activities.......................... 1,421 862 1,003 967 1,065
Finance and insurance........................ 956 561 666 644 694
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 465 303 337 325 371
Professional and business services............ 5,185 3,374 3,870 4,421 4,622
Education and health services................. 3,457 2,945 2,943 2,910 3,203
Educational services......................... 383 320 362 373 395
Health care and social assistance............ 3,073 2,624 2,582 2,536 2,808
Leisure and hospitality....................... 6,614 4,510 4,483 4,722 5,196
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 535 397 449 513 521
Accommodation and food services.............. 6,078 4,114 4,032 4,209 4,678
Other services................................ 1,364 1,073 1,024 1,013 1,114
Government..................................... 1,611 1,204 1,312 1,406 1,543
Federal....................................... 102 80 147 111 131
State and local............................... 1,510 1,123 1,165 1,295 1,413
REGION (2)
Northeast..................................... 4,422 3,139 3,467 3,349 3,669
South......................................... 12,431 8,492 8,892 9,396 10,588
Midwest....................................... 6,587 4,503 4,896 5,447 5,579
West.......................................... 7,123 4,896 4,725 5,121 5,296
1 The annual quits level is the total number of quits during the entire year.
2 See footnote 8, table 1.
NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment
Statistics employment estimates.
Table 18. Annual quits rates(1) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Rates
Industry and region 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Total........................................... 22.3 16.1 16.9 17.7 18.8
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 25.3 18.3 19.2 20.0 21.1
Mining and Logging............................ 23.1 12.8 13.5 17.3 23.0
Construction.................................. 22.1 14.7 16.4 16.7 16.8
Manufacturing................................. 14.0 8.7 9.9 10.6 10.8
Durable goods................................ 12.2 6.9 8.1 8.8 9.5
Nondurable goods............................. 17.0 11.7 12.7 13.7 13.0
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 26.0 18.7 19.7 20.6 21.7
Wholesale trade.............................. 16.5 9.7 10.0 11.1 12.1
Retail trade................................. 32.3 23.6 25.4 26.1 26.8
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 18.2 14.3 13.6 15.0 17.2
Information................................... 14.5 13.9 13.1 14.5 16.1
Financial activities.......................... 17.4 11.1 13.1 12.6 13.7
Finance and insurance........................ 15.9 9.7 11.6 11.2 11.9
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 21.8 15.2 17.4 16.9 19.0
Professional and business services............ 29.2 20.4 23.1 25.5 25.8
Education and health services................. 18.4 15.3 15.1 14.6 15.8
Educational services......................... 12.6 10.4 11.5 11.5 11.8
Health care and social assistance............ 19.5 16.3 15.8 15.2 16.5
Leisure and hospitality....................... 49.2 34.5 34.4 35.4 37.8
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 27.2 20.7 23.5 26.7 26.5
Accommodation and food services.............. 53.0 36.9 36.2 36.8 39.7
Other services................................ 24.7 20.0 19.2 18.9 20.5
Government..................................... 7.2 5.3 5.8 6.4 7.0
Federal....................................... 3.7 2.8 4.9 3.9 4.7
State and local............................... 7.6 5.7 6.0 6.7 7.4
REGION (2)
Northeast..................................... 17.2 12.6 14.0 13.4 14.5
South......................................... 25.1 17.9 18.9 19.7 21.8
Midwest....................................... 21.2 15.2 16.6 18.2 18.4
West.......................................... 23.4 17.0 16.6 17.7 18.0
1 The annual quits rate is the number of quits during the entire year as a percent of annual average employment.
2 See footnote 8, table 1.
NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment
Statistics employment estimates.
Table 19. Annual layoffs and discharges levels(1) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands)
Industry and region 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Total........................................... 24,181 26,784 21,773 20,401 20,546
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 23,030 25,175 19,727 19,096 19,336
Mining and Logging............................ 120 177 98 82 134
Construction.................................. 3,430 3,744 3,113 2,836 2,745
Manufacturing................................. 2,252 2,857 1,652 1,318 1,263
Durable goods................................ 1,446 1,831 953 746 793
Nondurable goods............................. 807 1,025 699 570 469
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 4,720 5,012 3,712 3,381 3,493
Wholesale trade.............................. 894 1,080 741 562 621
Retail trade................................. 3,029 2,873 2,309 2,157 2,200
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 794 1,055 661 663 674
Information................................... 362 380 295 273 262
Financial activities.......................... 1,031 1,260 783 636 607
Finance and insurance........................ 616 690 460 349 329
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 413 569 324 291 280
Professional and business services............ 5,041 5,016 4,330 4,587 4,814
Education and health services................. 1,978 2,182 2,087 1,813 1,900
Educational services......................... 382 452 396 366 383
Health care and social assistance............ 1,597 1,728 1,691 1,447 1,517
Leisure and hospitality....................... 3,134 3,316 2,739 3,090 3,070
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 899 832 785 929 904
Accommodation and food services.............. 2,234 2,483 1,955 2,159 2,165
Other services................................ 958 1,230 921 1,079 1,046
Government..................................... 1,152 1,610 2,046 1,309 1,210
Federal....................................... 103 224 740 134 128
State and local............................... 1,050 1,383 1,307 1,176 1,082
REGION (2)
Northeast..................................... 4,310 5,083 4,384 3,926 3,700
South......................................... 8,271 9,191 7,399 7,418 7,539
Midwest....................................... 5,118 5,827 5,001 4,571 4,630
West.......................................... 6,483 6,682 4,992 4,489 4,679
1 The annual layoffs and discharges level is the total number of layoffs and discharges during the entire year.
2 See footnote 8, table 1.
NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment
Statistics employment estimates.
Table 20. Annual layoffs and discharges rates(1) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Rates
Industry and region 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Total........................................... 17.7 20.5 16.8 15.5 15.4
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 20.2 23.3 18.4 17.5 17.3
Mining and Logging............................ 15.7 25.5 13.9 10.4 15.7
Construction.................................. 47.9 62.2 56.4 51.3 48.7
Manufacturing................................. 16.8 24.1 14.3 11.2 10.6
Durable goods................................ 17.1 25.1 13.5 10.3 10.6
Nondurable goods............................. 16.3 22.5 15.7 12.8 10.5
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 18.0 20.1 15.1 13.5 13.7
Wholesale trade.............................. 15.0 19.3 13.6 10.1 10.9
Retail trade................................. 19.8 19.8 16.0 14.7 14.8
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 15.7 22.0 13.9 13.7 13.6
Information................................... 12.1 13.6 10.9 10.2 9.8
Financial activities.......................... 12.7 16.2 10.2 8.3 7.8
Finance and insurance........................ 10.2 11.9 8.0 6.1 5.6
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 19.4 28.5 16.8 15.1 14.3
Professional and business services............ 28.4 30.3 25.9 26.5 26.9
Education and health services................. 10.5 11.4 10.7 9.1 9.4
Educational services......................... 12.6 14.6 12.6 11.3 11.4
Health care and social assistance............ 10.1 10.7 10.3 8.7 8.9
Leisure and hospitality....................... 23.3 25.4 21.0 23.1 22.3
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 45.6 43.4 41.0 48.4 46.0
Accommodation and food services.............. 19.5 22.2 17.6 18.9 18.4
Other services................................ 17.4 22.9 17.3 20.1 19.2
Government..................................... 5.1 7.1 9.1 5.9 5.5
Federal....................................... 3.7 7.9 24.9 4.7 4.5
State and local............................... 5.3 7.0 6.7 6.1 5.7
REGION (2)
Northeast..................................... 16.7 20.4 17.7 15.7 14.6
South......................................... 16.7 19.4 15.7 15.5 15.5
Midwest....................................... 16.4 19.6 17.0 15.3 15.2
West.......................................... 21.3 23.2 17.5 15.6 15.9
1 The annual layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire year as a percent of annual average employment.
2 See footnote 8, table 1.
NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment
Statistics employment estimates.
Table 21. Annual other separations levels(1) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands)
Industry and region 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Total........................................... 3,879 3,723 3,893 3,911 3,997
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 3,251 3,105 3,135 3,172 3,229
Mining and Logging............................ 29 30 23 21 26
Construction.................................. 220 135 190 145 119
Manufacturing................................. 329 275 241 255 262
Durable goods................................ 210 182 156 154 160
Nondurable goods............................. 120 96 86 101 101
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 936 865 813 885 902
Wholesale trade.............................. 121 156 124 190 120
Retail trade................................. 638 568 491 490 572
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 177 140 198 205 209
Information................................... 69 73 62 63 57
Financial activities.......................... 262 197 287 208 371
Finance and insurance........................ 180 146 235 154 297
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 82 51 56 52 73
Professional and business services............ 569 631 612 608 569
Education and health services................. 444 512 426 546 473
Educational services......................... 45 57 54 72 61
Health care and social assistance............ 400 453 373 475 410
Leisure and hospitality....................... 301 261 351 306 350
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 42 34 37 28 27
Accommodation and food services.............. 258 228 309 274 322
Other services................................ 95 132 126 137 111
Government..................................... 627 616 756 740 768
Federal....................................... 100 107 106 124 131
State and local............................... 527 508 649 614 639
REGION (2)
Northeast..................................... 770 699 744 731 777
South......................................... 1,338 1,381 1,381 1,402 1,441
Midwest....................................... 869 831 886 938 932
West.......................................... 904 812 883 841 847
1 The annual other separations level is the total number of other separations during the entire year.
2 See footnote 8, table 1.
NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment
Statistics employment estimates.
Table 22. Annual other separations rates(1) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Rates
Industry and region 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Total........................................... 2.8 2.8 3.0 3.0 3.0
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 2.8 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9
Mining and Logging............................ 3.8 4.3 3.3 2.7 3.1
Construction.................................. 3.1 2.2 3.4 2.6 2.1
Manufacturing................................. 2.5 2.3 2.1 2.2 2.2
Durable goods................................ 2.5 2.5 2.2 2.1 2.1
Nondurable goods............................. 2.4 2.1 1.9 2.3 2.3
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 3.6 3.5 3.3 3.5 3.5
Wholesale trade.............................. 2.0 2.8 2.3 3.4 2.1
Retail trade................................. 4.2 3.9 3.4 3.3 3.8
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 3.5 2.9 4.2 4.2 4.2
Information................................... 2.3 2.6 2.3 2.4 2.1
Financial activities.......................... 3.2 2.5 3.8 2.7 4.8
Finance and insurance........................ 3.0 2.5 4.1 2.7 5.1
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 3.8 2.6 2.9 2.7 3.7
Professional and business services............ 3.2 3.8 3.7 3.5 3.2
Education and health services................. 2.4 2.7 2.2 2.7 2.3
Educational services......................... 1.5 1.8 1.7 2.2 1.8
Health care and social assistance............ 2.5 2.8 2.3 2.9 2.4
Leisure and hospitality....................... 2.2 2.0 2.7 2.3 2.5
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 2.1 1.8 1.9 1.5 1.4
Accommodation and food services.............. 2.3 2.0 2.8 2.4 2.7
Other services................................ 1.7 2.5 2.4 2.6 2.0
Government..................................... 2.8 2.7 3.4 3.4 3.5
Federal....................................... 3.6 3.8 3.6 4.3 4.7
State and local............................... 2.7 2.6 3.3 3.2 3.3
REGION (2)
Northeast..................................... 3.0 2.8 3.0 2.9 3.1
South......................................... 2.7 2.9 2.9 2.9 3.0
Midwest....................................... 2.8 2.8 3.0 3.1 3.1
West.......................................... 3.0 2.8 3.1 2.9 2.9
1 The annual other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire year as a percent of annual average employment.
2 See footnote 8, table 1.
NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment
Statistics employment estimates.
United States Department of Labor
