Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey News Release

For release 10:00 a.m. (ET) Friday, March 13, 2026      USDL-26-0439
Technical information:	(202) 691-5870  •  JoltsInfo@bls.gov  •  www.bls.gov/jlt
Media contact:	        (202) 691-5902  •  PressOffice@bls.gov

                         JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – JANUARY 2026

The number of job openings was little changed at 6.9 million in January, the U.S. Bureau of Labor 
Statistics reported today. Hires were unchanged at 5.3 million, while total separations changed little at 
5.1 million. Within separations, quits (3.1 million) and layoffs and discharges (1.6 million) changed 
little. 

This release includes estimates of the number and rate of job openings, hires, and separations for the 
total nonfarm sector, by industry, by region, and by establishment size class. This release also includes 
2025 annual estimates for job openings, hires, and separations. Job openings include all positions that 
are open on the last business day of the month. Hires and separations include all changes to the payroll 
during the entire month.
    
Job Openings

The number and rate of job openings were little changed at 6.9 million and 4.2 percent, respectively, in 
January. The number of job openings increased in finance and insurance (+184,000). (See table 1.)

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
|                 Changes to the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey Data                        |
|                                                                                                   |
|Effective with this release, the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS) estimates will     |
|incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment data and the JOLTS  |
|seasonal adjustment factors. Not seasonally adjusted data and seasonally adjusted data from January| 
|2021 forward are subject to revision.                                                              |
|___________________________________________________________________________________________________|

Hires

In January, the number and rate of hires were unchanged at 5.3 million and 3.3 percent, respectively. 
Hires decreased in transportation, warehousing, and utilities (-67,000) and in real estate and rental and 
leasing (-20,000). (See table 2.)

Separations 

Total separations include quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Quits are generally 
voluntary separations initiated by the employee. Therefore, the quits rate can serve as a measure of 
workers’ willingness or ability to leave jobs. Layoffs and discharges are involuntary separations initiated 
by the employer. Other separations include separations due to retirement, death, disability, and transfers 
to other locations of the same firm.

The number and rate of total separations in January were little changed at 5.1 million and 3.2 percent, 
respectively. The number of total separations decreased in transportation, warehousing, and utilities      
(-79,000) and in federal government (-10,000). (See table 3.)

In January, the number of quits was little changed at 3.1 million. The quits rate, at 2.0 percent, remained 
unchanged. The number of quits increased in private educational services (+16,000). (See table 4.)

In January, the number and rate of layoffs and discharges changed little at 1.6 million and 1.0 percent, 
respectively. Layoffs and discharges decreased in transportation, warehousing, and utilities (-55,000). 
(See table 5.)

The number of other separations changed little at 337,000 in January. (See table 6.)

Establishment Size Class

In January, establishments with 1 to 9 employees and establishments with 5,000 or more employees 
showed little or no change in job openings, hires, and separations rates. (See table 7.)

December 2025 Revisions

The number of job openings for December was revised up by 8,000 to 6.6 million, the number of hires 
was revised down by 21,000 to 5.3 million, and the number of total separations was revised down by 
48,000 to 5.2 million. Within separations, the number of quits was revised up by 21,000 to 3.2 million, 
and the number of layoffs and discharges was revised down by 96,000 to 1.7 million. (Monthly revisions 
result from additional reports received from businesses and government agencies since the last published 
estimates and from the recalculation of seasonal factors. The annual revision process also contributed to 
the December revisions)

Annual Levels and Rates

Consistent with BLS practice, annual estimates are published for not seasonally adjusted data each year 
with the January news release. For details about how these estimates are calculated, see the technical 
note.

In 2025, the annual average job openings level was 7.1 million, a decrease of 571,000 from 2024. The 
annual average job openings rate was 4.3 percent in 2025, compared to 4.6 percent in 2024. 
(See tables 15 and 16.)

In 2025, the annual hires level was 63.0 million, a decrease of 1.5 million from 2024. Annual total 
separations decreased by 251,000 in 2025 to 62.8 million. Annual quits decreased by 1.3 million in 2025 
to 38.0 million and accounted for 60.6 percent of total separations. Annual layoffs and discharges 
increased by 1.2 million in 2025 to 21.2 million and accounted for 33.8 percent of total separations. 
Annual other separations decreased by 224,000 in 2025 to 3.5 million and accounted for 5.6 percent of 
total separations. (See tables 17 through 26.)

The annual average hires rate for 2025 was 3.3 percent, down from 3.4 percent in 2024. The annual 
average total separations rate for 2025 was 3.3 percent and was unchanged from 2024. The 2025 annual 
average rates for the components of total separations were 2.0 percent for quits, 1.1 percent for layoffs 
and discharges, and 0.2 percent for other separations. (See tables 17 through 26.)
____________
The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey estimates for February 2026 are scheduled to be 
released on Tuesday, March 31, 2026, at 10:00 a.m. (ET).


		   Annual Revisions to Job Openings and Labor Turnover Data

The JOLTS data are revised annually to reflect updates to the Current Employment Statistics (CES) 
employment estimates. The JOLTS employment levels (not published) are ratio-adjusted to the CES 
employment levels, and the resulting ratios are applied to all JOLTS data elements. This annual 
benchmarking process results in revisions to both the seasonally adjusted and not seasonally adjusted 
JOLTS data series. The seasonally adjusted data are recalculated for the most recent 5 years to reflect 
updated seasonal adjustment factors. Further, the alignment methodology creates a dependency of the 
not seasonally adjusted estimates on the seasonal adjustment process. Therefore, the data series that are 
not seasonally adjusted are also recalculated for the most recent 5 years to reflect the effect of the 
updated seasonal adjustment factors on the alignment process.

Tables B through G below present revised total nonfarm data for January through December 2025. The 
December 2025 revisions also reflect the routine incorporation of additional sample receipts into the 
final December estimates. Tables presenting revisions to JOLTS estimates for January 2021 through 
December 2025 will be available concurrently with the release on the JOLTS website. The website 
also contains all revised seasonally adjusted and not seasonally adjusted data. 
The revision tables and data can be accessed through the JOLTS homepage at www.bls.gov/jlt/.

Table A.  Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                |      Job openings     |         Hires         |    Total separations	
                                |-----------------------------------------------------------------------
           Category             |Jan.	|Dec.	|Jan.	|Jan.	|Dec.	|Jan.	|Jan.	|Dec.	|Jan.	
                                |2025	|2025	|2026p	|2025	|2025	|2026p	|2025	|2025	|2026p	
--------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------
                                |	|	|	|	|	|	|	|	|	
      LEVELS BY INDUSTRY        |	|	|	|	|	|	|	|	|	
        (in thousands)          |	|	|	|	|	|	|	|	|	
                                |-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Total...........................|7431	|6550	|6946	|5238	|5272	|5294	|5241	|5203	|5105
                                |	|	|	|	|	|	|	|	|
 Total private..................|6552	|5828	|6198	|4883	|4961	|4976	|4924	|4864	|4773
  Mining and logging............|17	|21	|29	|19	|20	|15	|19	|23	|17
  Construction..................|232	|245	|231	|332	|326	|349	|347	|317	|322
  Manufacturing.................|447	|426	|495	|314	|282	|295	|334	|301	|294
   Durable goods................|311	|287	|340	|182	|154	|168	|203	|164	|167
   Nondurable goods.............|136	|139	|155	|132	|128	|126	|131	|136	|126
  Trade, transportation,        |	|	|	|	|	|	|	|	|
   and utilities................|1065	|976	|1131	|1038	|1013	|978	|1021	|1093	|974
   Wholesale trade..............|197	|175	|178	|135	|125	|141	|155	|129	|142
   Retail trade.................|540	|505	|635	|617	|546	|563	|590	|629	|575
   Transportation, warehousing, |	|	|	|	|	|	|	|	|
    and utilities...............|327	|296	|318	|286	|341	|274	|276	|336	|257
  Information...................|101	|112	|113	|65	|89	|90	|76	|89	|89
  Financial activities..........|506	|237	|406	|209	|211	|168	|194	|202	|185
   Finance and insurance........|335	|129	|313	|139	|136	|113	|129	|129	|128
   Real estate and              |	|	|	|	|	|	|	|	|
    rental and leasing..........|171	|108	|93	|70	|75	|55	|65	|72	|57
  Professional and business     |	|	|	|	|	|	|	|	|
   services.....................|1253	|1167	|977	|972	|947	|982	|1046	|915	|968
  Private education and health	|	|	|	|	|	|	|	|	|
   services.....................|1628	|1416	|1539	|822	|835	|838	|755	|751	|702
   Private educational services.|153	|157	|129	|85	|91	|90	|84	|74	|75
   Health care and social       |	|	|	|	|	|	|	|	|
    assistance..................|1475	|1260	|1410	|736	|744	|747	|671	|678	|627
  Leisure and hospitality.......|1009	|956	|1041	|867	|1045	|1068	|874	|994	|1027
   Arts, entertainment, and     |	|	|	|	|	|	|	|	|
    recreation..................|158	|137	|125	|163	|155	|151	|154	|147	|155
   Accommodation and food       |	|	|	|	|	|	|	|	|
    services....................|851	|818	|916	|704	|890	|917	|720	|847	|872
  Other services................|295	|271	|236	|245	|194	|193	|258	|178	|193
 Government.....................|879	|722	|748	|356	|311	|318	|317	|340	|333
  Federal.......................|131	|94	|95	|32	|25	|28	|32	|58	|48
  State and local...............|748	|628	|653	|324	|286	|290	|285	|282	|285
   State and local education....|269	|232	|248	|162	|135	|143	|138	|150	|149
   State and local, excluding   |	|	|	|	|	|	|	|	|
    education...................|479	|396	|405	|162	|151	|148	|146	|132	|136
                                |-----------------------------------------------------------------------
                                |	|	|	|	|	|	|	|	|	
     RATES BY INDUSTRY          |	|	|	|	|	|	|	|	|	
         (percent)              |	|	|	|	|	|	|	|	|	
                                |-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Total...........................|4.5	|4.0	|4.2	|3.3	|3.3	|3.3	|3.3	|3.3	|3.2
                                |	|	|	|	|	|	|	|	|
 Total private..................|4.6	|4.1	|4.4	|3.6	|3.7	|3.7	|3.7	|3.6	|3.5
  Mining and logging............|2.7	|3.4	|4.5	|3.1	|3.3	|2.6	|3.0	|3.9	|2.9
  Construction..................|2.7	|2.9	|2.7	|4.0	|3.9	|4.2	|4.2	|3.8	|3.9
  Manufacturing.................|3.4	|3.3	|3.8	|2.5	|2.2	|2.3	|2.6	|2.4	|2.3
   Durable goods................|3.8	|3.5	|4.2	|2.3	|2.0	|2.2	|2.6	|2.1	|2.1
   Nondurable goods.............|2.8	|2.8	|3.1	|2.7	|2.7	|2.6	|2.7	|2.8	|2.6
  Trade, transportation,        |	|	|	|	|	|	|	|	|
   and utilities................|3.6	|3.3	|3.8	|3.6	|3.5	|3.4	|3.5	|3.8	|3.4
   Wholesale trade..............|3.1	|2.8	|2.9	|2.2	|2.1	|2.3	|2.6	|2.1	|2.4
   Retail trade.................|3.4	|3.2	|4.0	|4.0	|3.5	|3.7	|3.8	|4.1	|3.7
   Transportation, warehousing, |	|	|	|	|	|	|	|	|
    and utilities...............|4.3	|4.0	|4.3	|3.9	|4.8	|3.8	|3.8	|4.7	|3.6
  Information...................|3.4	|3.8	|3.8	|2.2	|3.1	|3.2	|2.7	|3.1	|3.2
  Financial activities..........|5.2	|2.5	|4.2	|2.3	|2.3	|1.8	|2.1	|2.2	|2.0
   Finance and insurance........|4.7	|1.9	|4.5	|2.1	|2.0	|1.7	|1.9	|1.9	|1.9
   Real estate and rental       |	|	|	|	|	|	|	|	|
    and leasing.................|6.5	|4.2	|3.7	|2.8	|3.1	|2.3	|2.6	|2.9	|2.4
  Professional and business     |	|	|	|	|	|	|	|	|
   services.....................|5.3	|5.0	|4.2	|4.3	|4.2	|4.4	|4.7	|4.1	|4.3
  Private education and health  |	|	|	|	|	|	|	|	|
   services.....................|5.7	|4.9	|5.2	|3.0	|3.0	|3.0	|2.8	|2.7	|2.5
   Private educational services.|3.7	|3.7	|3.1	|2.1	|2.3	|2.2	|2.1	|1.8	|1.9
   Health care and social       |	|	|	|	|	|	|	|	|
    assistance..................|6.0	|5.1	|5.6	|3.2	|3.2	|3.2	|2.9	|2.9	|2.6
   Leisure and hospitality......|5.7	|5.3	|5.8	|5.1	|6.2	|6.3	|5.2	|5.9	|6.0
    Arts, entertainment, and    |	|	|	|	|	|	|	|	|
     recreation.................|5.6	|4.9	|4.5	|6.1	|5.8	|5.7	|5.8	|5.5	|5.8
    Accommodation and food      |	|	|	|	|	|	|	|	|
     services...................|5.7	|5.4	|6.0	|5.0	|6.2	|6.4	|5.1	|5.9	|6.1
   Other services...............|4.7	|4.3	|3.8	|4.1	|3.2	|3.2	|4.3	|3.0	|3.2
 Government.....................|3.6	|3.0	|3.1	|1.5	|1.3	|1.4	|1.3	|1.5	|1.4
  Federal.......................|4.2	|3.3	|3.4	|1.0	|0.9	|1.0	|1.1	|2.1	|1.8
  State and local...............|3.5	|3.0	|3.1	|1.6	|1.4	|1.4	|1.4	|1.4	|1.4
   State and local education....|2.4	|2.1	|2.2	|1.5	|1.2	|1.3	|1.3	|1.4	|1.4
   State and local, excluding   |	|	|	|	|	|	|	|	|
    education...................|4.7	|3.9	|4.0	|1.7	|1.5	|1.5	|1.5	|1.3	|1.4
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  (p) Preliminary
 NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current 
 Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.

Table B. Revisions in job openings data January 2025 - December 2025,
seasonally adjusted
_________________________________________________________________________________
          |                                   |
          |          Levels (in thousands)    |           Rates (percent)
   Year   |---------------------------------- |----------------------------------
   and    |    As    |    As     |            |    As    |    As     |
   month  |  revised | previously| Difference | revised  | previously| Difference
          |          | published |            |          | published |
_________________________________________________________________________________
   2025   |          |           |            |          |           |
January...|   7,431  |   7,762   |   -331     |    4.5   |    4.7    |   -0.2
February..|   7,242  |   7,480   |   -238     |    4.4   |    4.5    |    -.1
March.....|   6,952  |   7,200   |   -248     |    4.2   |    4.3    |    -.1
April.....|   7,098  |   7,395   |   -297     |    4.3   |    4.4    |    -.1
May.......|   7,310  |   7,712   |   -402     |    4.4   |    4.6    |    -.2
June......|   7,204  |   7,357   |   -153     |    4.3   |    4.4    |    -.1
July......|   7,089  |   7,208   |   -119     |    4.3   |    4.3    |     .0
August....|   6,919  |   7,227   |   -308     |    4.2   |    4.3    |    -.1
September.|   7,169  |   7,658   |   -489     |    4.3   |    4.6    |    -.3
October...|   7,170  |   7,449   |   -279     |    4.3   |    4.5    |    -.2
November..|   6,846  |   6,928   |    -82     |    4.1   |    4.2    |    -.1
December..|   6,550  |   6,542   |      8     |    4.0   |    3.9    |     .1
__________|__________|___________|____________|__________|___________|___________

Table C. Revisions in hires data January 2025 - December 2025,
seasonally adjusted
_________________________________________________________________________________
          |                                   |
          |          Levels (in thousands)    |           Rates (percent)
   Year   |---------------------------------- |----------------------------------
   and    |    As    |    As     |            |    As    |    As     |
   month  |  revised | previously| Difference | revised  | previously| Difference
          |          | published |            |          | published |
_________________________________________________________________________________
   2025   |          |           |            |          |           |
January...|   5,238  |   5,371   |   -133     |    3.3   |    3.4    |   -0.1
February..|   5,236  |   5,370   |   -134     |    3.3   |    3.4    |    -.1
March.....|   5,333  |   5,404   |    -71     |    3.4   |    3.4    |     .0
April.....|   5,391  |   5,615   |   -224     |    3.4   |    3.5    |    -.1
May.......|   5,328  |   5,465   |   -137     |    3.4   |    3.4    |     .0
June......|   5,327  |   5,267   |     60     |    3.4   |    3.3    |     .1
July......|   5,225  |   5,240   |    -15     |    3.3   |    3.3    |     .0
August....|   5,145  |   5,126   |     19     |    3.2   |    3.2    |     .0
September.|   5,244  |   5,367   |   -123     |    3.3   |    3.4    |    -.1
October...|   5,180  |   5,368   |   -188     |    3.3   |    3.4    |    -.1
November..|   5,019  |   5,121   |   -102     |    3.2   |    3.2    |     .0
December..|   5,272  |   5,293   |    -21     |    3.3   |    3.3    |     .0
__________|__________|___________|____________|__________|___________|___________

Table D. Revisions in total separations data January 2025 - December 2025,
seasonally adjusted
_________________________________________________________________________________
          |                                   |
          |          Levels (in thousands)    |           Rates (percent)
   Year   |---------------------------------- |----------------------------------
   and    |    As    |    As     |            |    As    |    As     |
   month  |  revised | previously| Difference | revised  | previously| Difference
          |          | published |            |          | published |
_________________________________________________________________________________
   2025   |          |           |            |          |           |
January...|   5,241  |   5,272   |    -31     |    3.3   |    3.3    |    0.0
February..|   5,285  |   5,316   |    -31     |    3.3   |    3.3    |     .0
March.....|   5,288  |   5,183   |    105     |    3.3   |    3.3    |     .0
April.....|   5,270  |   5,313   |    -43     |    3.3   |    3.3    |     .0
May.......|   5,288  |   5,213   |     75     |    3.3   |    3.3    |     .0
June......|   5,432  |   5,341   |     91     |    3.4   |    3.3    |     .1
July......|   5,170  |   5,221   |    -51     |    3.3   |    3.3    |     .0
August....|   5,207  |   5,111   |     96     |    3.3   |    3.2    |     .1
September.|   5,161  |   5,264   |   -103     |    3.3   |    3.3    |     .0
October...|   5,125  |   5,069   |     56     |    3.2   |    3.2    |     .0
November..|   5,035  |   5,144   |   -109     |    3.2   |    3.2    |     .0
December..|   5,203  |   5,251   |    -48     |    3.3   |    3.3    |     .0
__________|__________|___________|____________|__________|___________|___________

Table E. Revisions in quits data January 2025 - December 2025,
seasonally adjusted
_________________________________________________________________________________
          |                                   |
          |          Levels (in thousands)    |           Rates (percent)
   Year   |---------------------------------- |----------------------------------
   and    |    As    |    As     |            |    As    |    As     |
   month  |  revised | previously| Difference | revised  | previously| Difference
          |          | published |            |          | published |
_________________________________________________________________________________
   2025   |          |           |            |          |           |
January...|   3,203  |   3,256   |    -53     |    2.0   |    2.0    |    0.0
February..|   3,153  |   3,250   |    -97     |    2.0   |    2.0    |     .0
March.....|   3,456  |   3,344   |    112     |    2.2   |    2.1    |     .1
April.....|   3,144  |   3,215   |    -71     |    2.0   |    2.0    |     .0
May.......|   3,287  |   3,270   |     17     |    2.1   |    2.0    |     .1
June......|   3,254  |   3,209   |     45     |    2.1   |    2.0    |     .1
July......|   3,132  |   3,166   |    -34     |    2.0   |    2.0    |     .0
August....|   3,095  |   3,091   |      4     |    2.0   |    1.9    |     .1
September.|   2,990  |   3,128   |   -138     |    1.9   |    2.0    |    -.1
October...|   2,980  |   2,973   |      7     |    1.9   |    1.9    |     .0
November..|   3,119  |   3,193   |    -74     |    2.0   |    2.0    |     .0
December..|   3,225  |   3,204   |     21     |    2.0   |    2.0    |     .0
__________|__________|___________|____________|__________|___________|___________

Table F. Revisions in layoffs and discharges data January 2025 - December 2025,
seasonally adjusted
_________________________________________________________________________________
          |                                   |
          |          Levels (in thousands)    |           Rates (percent)
   Year   |---------------------------------- |----------------------------------
   and    |    As    |    As     |            |    As    |    As     |
   month  |  revised | previously| Difference | revised  | previously| Difference
          |          | published |            |          | published |
_________________________________________________________________________________
   2025   |          |           |            |          |           |
January...|   1,738  |   1,674   |     64     |    1.1   |    1.1    |    0.0
February..|   1,867  |   1,780   |     87     |    1.2   |    1.1    |     .1
March.....|   1,595  |   1,590   |      5     |    1.0   |    1.0    |     .0
April.....|   1,818  |   1,789   |     29     |    1.1   |    1.1    |     .0
May.......|   1,671  |   1,611   |     60     |    1.1   |    1.0    |     .1
June......|   1,843  |   1,796   |     47     |    1.2   |    1.1    |     .1
July......|   1,772  |   1,787   |    -15     |    1.1   |    1.1    |     .0
August....|   1,832  |   1,725   |    107     |    1.2   |    1.1    |     .1
September.|   1,816  |   1,781   |     35     |    1.1   |    1.1    |     .0
October...|   1,891  |   1,850   |     41     |    1.2   |    1.2    |     .0
November..|   1,660  |   1,701   |    -41     |    1.0   |    1.1    |    -.1
December..|   1,666  |   1,762   |    -96     |    1.1   |    1.1    |     .0
__________|__________|___________|____________|__________|___________|___________

Table G. Revisions in other separations data January 2025 - December 2025,
seasonally adjusted
_________________________________________________________________________________
          |                                   |
          |          Levels (in thousands)    |           Rates (percent)
   Year   |---------------------------------- |----------------------------------
   and    |    As    |    As     |            |    As    |    As     |
   month  |  revised | previously| Difference | revised  | previously| Difference
          |          | published |            |          | published |
_________________________________________________________________________________
   2025   |          |           |            |          |           |
January...|     301  |     342   |    -41     |    0.2   |    0.2    |    0.0
February..|     265  |     286   |    -21     |     .2   |     .2    |     .0
March.....|     237  |     248   |    -11     |     .1   |     .2    |   -0.1
April.....|     307  |     309   |     -2     |     .2   |     .2    |     .0
May.......|     331  |     332   |     -1     |     .2   |     .2    |     .0
June......|     335  |     335   |      0     |     .2   |     .2    |     .0
July......|     266  |     269   |     -3     |     .2   |     .2    |     .0
August....|     280  |     295   |    -15     |     .2   |     .2    |     .0
September.|     356  |     354   |      2     |     .2   |     .2    |     .0
October...|     255  |     246   |      9     |     .2   |     .2    |     .0
November..|     256  |     249   |      7     |     .2   |     .2    |     .0
December..|     312  |     285   |     27     |     .2   |     .2    |     .0
__________|__________|___________|____________|__________|___________|___________

Technical Note

This news release presents statistics from the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The JOLTS 
program provides information on labor demand and turnover. Additional information about the JOLTS program can 
be found at www.bls.gov/jlt/. Estimates are published for job openings, hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other 
separations, and total separations. The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments, as well as civilian 
federal, state, and local government entities in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Starting with data for 
January 2023, industries are classified in accordance with the 2022 North American Industry Classification System.

Definitions

Employment. Employment includes persons on the payroll who worked or received pay for the pay period that 
includes the 12th day of the reference month. Full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term, seasonal, salaried, and 
hourly employees are included, as are employees on paid vacation or other paid leave. Proprietors or partners of 
unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, employees on strike for the entire pay period, and employees on 
leave without pay for the entire pay period are not counted as employed. Employees of temporary help agencies, 
employee leasing companies, outside contractors, and consultants are counted by their employer of record, not by 
the establishment where they are working. JOLTS does not publish employment estimates but uses the reported 
employment for validation of the other reported data elements.

Job Openings. Job openings include all positions that are open on the last business day of the reference month.

A job is open only if it meets all three of these conditions:
* A specific position exists, and there is work available for that position. The position can be full-time or 
part-time, and it can be permanent, short-term, or seasonal.
* The job could start within 30 days, whether or not the employer can find a suitable candidate during that 
time.
* The employer is actively recruiting workers from outside the establishment to fill the position. Active 
recruiting means that the establishment is taking steps to fill a position. It may include advertising in 
newspapers, on television, or on the radio; posting internet notices, posting “help wanted” signs, 
networking or making “word-of-mouth” announcements; accepting applications; interviewing candidates; 
contacting employment agencies; or soliciting employees at job fairs, state or local employment offices, or 
similar sources.

Excluded are positions open only to internal transfers, promotions or demotions, or recall from layoffs. Also 
excluded are openings for positions with start dates more than 30 days in the future; positions for which employees 
have been hired but have not yet reported for work; and positions to be filled by employees of temporary help 
agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The job openings rate is computed by 
dividing the number of job openings by the sum of employment and job openings—that is, all filled and unfilled 
jobs—and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Hires. Hires include all additions to the payroll during the entire reference month, including newly hired and 
rehired employees; full-time and part-time employees; permanent, short-term, and seasonal employees; employees 
who were recalled to a job at the location following a layoff (formal suspension from pay status) lasting more than 7 
days; on-call or intermittent employees who returned to work after having been formally separated; workers who 
were hired and separated during the month, and transfers from other locations. Excluded are transfers or promotions 
within the reporting location, employees returning from strike, employees of temporary help agencies, employee 
leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The hires rate is computed by dividing the number of hires by 
employment and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Separations. Separations include all separations from the payroll during the entire reference month and is 
reported by type of separation: quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Quits include employees who 
left voluntarily, with the exception of retirements or transfers to other locations. Layoffs and discharges includes 
involuntary separations initiated by the employer, including layoffs with no intent to rehire; layoffs (formal 
suspensions from pay status) lasting or expected to last more than 7 days; discharges resulting from mergers, 
downsizing, or closings; firings or other discharges for cause; terminations of permanent or short-term employees; 
and terminations of seasonal employees (whether or not they are expected to return the next season). Other 
separations include retirements, transfers to other locations, separations due to employee disability, and deaths.
Excluded from separations measures are transfers within the same location; employees on strike; and employees of 
temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The separations rate is 
computed by dividing the number of separations by employment and multiplying that quotient by 100. The quits, 
layoffs and discharges, and other separations rates are computed similarly.

Estimation Method

The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random sample of approximately 21,000 nonfarm business and 
government establishments. The sample is stratified by ownership, region, industry sector, and establishment size 
class.

The sampling frame is made up of establishments from two sources: the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) 
Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages program (QCEW) and the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA). 
The QCEW database contains establishments that cover approximately 95 percent of nonfarm payroll jobs in the 
United States. This database is a compilation of administrative data from state unemployment insurance (UI) 
programs and federal government establishments covered by the Unemployment Compensation for Federal 
Employees (UCFE) program. A frame of railroad establishments is provided by the FRA. This is added to the 
QCEW database to complete the JOLTS sampling frame. 

The JOLTS estimation method involves the following processes: unit nonresponse adjustment, item 
nonresponse adjustment, monthly benchmarking and estimation, automatic outlier detection, birth and death model 
estimation, estimates review and outlier selection, alignment, seasonal adjustment, and variance estimates. 
Establishment size class levels are also produced. Detailed information about the estimation method can be found in 
the Handbook of Methods at https://www.bls.gov/opub/hom/jlt/home.htm.

Monthly benchmarking is the process through which the JOLTS weighted employment for each estimation cell 
is adjusted. JOLTS estimation cells are benchmarked monthly to the current employment level from the BLS 
Current Employment Statistics (CES) program. The sampled weight is benchmarked to ensure that JOLTS weighted 
employment is equal to CES employment.

Birth/death model. The time lag from the start up, or birth, of an establishment until its appearance on the 
sampling frame is approximately one year. In addition, many new establishments fail within the first year, referred 
to as a death. Because new and short-lived universe establishments cannot be reflected in the sampling frame 
immediately, the JOLTS sample cannot capture job openings, hires, and separations from these establishments 
during their early existence. BLS has developed a birth/death model that uses establishment birth and death activity 
from previous years as collected by the QCEW and projects forward to the present using over-the-year change in the 
CES. The birth/death model also uses historical JOLTS data to calculate the amount of churn (meaning the rates of 
hires and separations) that exists in establishments of various sizes. The model then combines the calculated churn 
with the projected employment change to estimate the number of hires and separations that take place in these 
establishments that cannot be measured through sampling. The estimates of job openings, hires, and separations 
produced by the birth/death model are added to the sample-based estimates produced from the survey to arrive at the 
estimates for job openings, hires, and separations.

Alignment. The JOLTS figure for hires minus separations can be used to derive a measure of net employment 
change. This change should be comparable to the net employment change from the much larger CES survey. 
However, definitional differences between the two surveys, as well as sampling and nonsampling errors, historically 
caused JOLTS to diverge from CES over time. To limit the divergence and improve the quality of the JOLTS hires 
and separations series, BLS implemented the monthly alignment method. There are four steps to this method: 
seasonally adjust, align, back out the seasonal adjustment factors, and seasonally adjust again.

Seasonal adjustment. After alignment, the seasonal adjustment program (X-13ARIMA-SEATS) is used to 
seasonally adjust the JOLTS series. Each month, a concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology uses all relevant 
data, up to and including the current month, to calculate new seasonal adjustment factors. Moving averages are used 
as seasonal filters in seasonal adjustment. JOLTS seasonal adjustment includes both additive and multiplicative 
models, as well as regression with autocorrelated errors (REGARIMA) modeling, to improve the seasonal 
adjustment factors at the beginning and end of the series and to detect and adjust for outliers in the series. 

Annual estimates and benchmarking. The JOLTS estimates are revised annually with the issuance of data for 
January. Five years of data are subject to revision. The revised estimates incorporate: 1) benchmarks based on CES 
employment estimates newly benchmarked to QCEW, 2) revised seasonal adjustment factors, and 3) any needed 
special adjustments.

The JOLTS employment levels are ratio-adjusted to the CES employment levels, and the resulting ratios are 
applied to all JOLTS data elements.

The seasonally adjusted estimates are recalculated for the most recent 5 years to reflect updated seasonal 
adjustment factors. These annual updates result in revisions to both the seasonally adjusted and not seasonally 
adjusted JOLTS data series for the period since the last benchmark was established.

Annual levels for hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total separations are the sum of the 
12 published monthly levels.

Annual average levels for job openings are calculated by dividing the sum of the 12 published monthly levels 
by 12. 

Annual average rates for hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total separations are 
calculated by dividing the sum of the 12 monthly JOLTS published levels for each data element by the sum of the 12 
monthly CES published employment levels, and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Annual average rates for job openings are calculated by dividing the sum of the 12 monthly JOLTS published 
levels by the sum of the 12 monthly CES published employment levels plus the sum of the 12 monthly job openings 
levels, and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Reliability of the estimates

JOLTS estimates are subject to two types of error: sampling error and nonsampling error.

Sampling error can result when a sample, rather than an entire population, is surveyed. There is a chance that 
the sample estimates may differ from the true population values they represent. The exact difference, or sampling 
error, varies with the sample selected, and this variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. BLS 
analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence. This means that there is a 90-percent chance 
that the true population mean will fall into the interval created by the sample mean plus or minus 1.65 standard 
errors. Estimates of median standard errors are released monthly as part of the significant change tables on the 
JOLTS webpage. Standard errors are updated annually with the most recent 5 years of data. Sampling error 
estimates are available at www.bls.gov/jlt/jolts_median_standard_errors.htm.

Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, including the failure to include a segment of the population, the 
inability to obtain data from all units in the sample, the inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide data on a 
timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, errors made in the collection or processing of the data, and errors from 
the employment benchmark data used in estimation. The JOLTS program uses quality control procedures to reduce 
nonsampling error in the survey’s design.

Other information

If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access telecommunications 
relay services.

Table 1. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Jan. 2025	Oct. 2025	Nov. 2025	Dec. 2025	Jan. 2026(p)	Change from: Dec. 2025 - Jan. 2026(p)	Jan. 2025	Oct. 2025	Nov. 2025	Dec. 2025	Jan. 2026(p)	Change from: Dec. 2025 - Jan. 2026(p)
Total	7,431	7,170	6,846	6,550	6,946	396	4.5	4.3	4.1	4.0	4.2	0.2
INDUSTRY
Total private	6,552	6,384	6,188	5,828	6,198	370	4.6	4.5	4.4	4.1	4.4	0.3
Mining and logging	17	19	18	21	29	8	2.7	3.1	2.9	3.4	4.5	1.1
Construction	232	196	292	245	231	-14	2.7	2.3	3.4	2.9	2.7	-0.2
Manufacturing	447	426	389	426	495	69	3.4	3.3	3.0	3.3	3.8	0.5
Durable goods	311	286	270	287	340	53	3.8	3.5	3.3	3.5	4.2	0.7
Nondurable goods	136	140	119	139	155	16	2.8	2.8	2.4	2.8	3.1	0.3
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,065	1,257	1,115	976	1,131	155	3.6	4.2	3.7	3.3	3.8	0.5
Wholesale trade	197	204	163	175	178	3	3.1	3.3	2.6	2.8	2.9	0.1
Retail trade	540	641	685	505	635	130	3.4	4.0	4.2	3.2	4.0	0.8
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	327	412	268	296	318	22	4.3	5.4	3.6	4.0	4.3	0.3
Information	101	117	88	112	113	1	3.4	3.9	3.0	3.8	3.8	0.0
Financial activities	506	307	353	237	406	169	5.2	3.2	3.7	2.5	4.2	1.7
Finance and insurance	335	204	255	129	313	184	4.7	2.9	3.7	1.9	4.5	2.6
Real estate and rental and leasing	171	103	98	108	93	-15	6.5	4.0	3.8	4.2	3.7	-0.5
Professional and business services	1,253	1,268	1,309	1,167	977	-190	5.3	5.4	5.5	5.0	4.2	-0.8
Private education and health services	1,628	1,476	1,490	1,416	1,539	123	5.7	5.1	5.1	4.9	5.2	0.3
Private educational services	153	127	117	157	129	-28	3.7	3.0	2.8	3.7	3.1	-0.6
Health care and social assistance	1,475	1,349	1,373	1,260	1,410	150	6.0	5.4	5.5	5.1	5.6	0.5
Leisure and hospitality	1,009	1,081	873	956	1,041	85	5.7	6.0	4.9	5.3	5.8	0.5
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	158	163	151	137	125	-12	5.6	5.7	5.3	4.9	4.5	-0.4
Accommodation and food services	851	918	722	818	916	98	5.7	6.1	4.8	5.4	6.0	0.6
Other services	295	239	260	271	236	-35	4.7	3.8	4.1	4.3	3.8	-0.5
Government	879	786	658	722	748	26	3.6	3.3	2.7	3.0	3.1	0.1
Federal	131	88	91	94	95	1	4.2	3.1	3.2	3.3	3.4	0.1
State and local	748	697	566	628	653	25	3.5	3.3	2.7	3.0	3.1	0.1
State and local education	269	252	200	232	248	16	2.4	2.3	1.8	2.1	2.2	0.1
State and local, excluding education	479	446	366	396	405	9	4.7	4.4	3.6	3.9	4.0	0.1
REGION(3)
Northeast	1,330	1,240	1,198	1,117	1,208	91	4.5	4.2	4.1	3.8	4.1	0.3
South	2,913	2,876	2,827	2,691	2,728	37	4.6	4.6	4.5	4.3	4.4	0.1
Midwest	1,601	1,565	1,458	1,415	1,564	149	4.6	4.5	4.2	4.1	4.5	0.4
West	1,587	1,490	1,363	1,327	1,446	119	4.1	3.9	3.6	3.5	3.8	0.3
Footnotes (1) The job openings level is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. (2) The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of employment plus job openings. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.

Table 2. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Jan. 2025	Oct. 2025	Nov. 2025	Dec. 2025	Jan. 2026(p)	Change from: Dec. 2025 - Jan. 2026(p)	Jan. 2025	Oct. 2025	Nov. 2025	Dec. 2025	Jan. 2026(p)	Change from: Dec. 2025 - Jan. 2026(p)
Total	5,238	5,180	5,019	5,272	5,294	22	3.3	3.3	3.2	3.3	3.3	0.0
INDUSTRY
Total private	4,883	4,846	4,739	4,961	4,976	15	3.6	3.6	3.5	3.7	3.7	0.0
Mining and logging	19	18	17	20	15	-5	3.1	3.0	2.8	3.3	2.6	-0.7
Construction	332	294	334	326	349	23	4.0	3.6	4.0	3.9	4.2	0.3
Manufacturing	314	309	278	282	295	13	2.5	2.4	2.2	2.2	2.3	0.1
Durable goods	182	171	157	154	168	14	2.3	2.2	2.0	2.0	2.2	0.2
Nondurable goods	132	138	121	128	126	-2	2.7	2.9	2.5	2.7	2.6	-0.1
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,038	993	918	1,013	978	-35	3.6	3.5	3.2	3.5	3.4	-0.1
Wholesale trade	135	137	108	125	141	16	2.2	2.3	1.8	2.1	2.3	0.2
Retail trade	617	570	564	546	563	17	4.0	3.7	3.7	3.5	3.7	0.2
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	286	286	246	341	274	-67	3.9	4.0	3.4	4.8	3.8	-1.0
Information	65	72	76	89	90	1	2.2	2.5	2.7	3.1	3.2	0.1
Financial activities	209	195	171	211	168	-43	2.3	2.1	1.9	2.3	1.8	-0.5
Finance and insurance	139	138	127	136	113	-23	2.1	2.0	1.9	2.0	1.7	-0.3
Real estate and rental and leasing	70	57	44	75	55	-20	2.8	2.3	1.8	3.1	2.3	-0.8
Professional and business services	972	994	981	947	982	35	4.3	4.4	4.4	4.2	4.4	0.2
Private education and health services	822	827	764	835	838	3	3.0	3.0	2.8	3.0	3.0	0.0
Private educational services	85	89	95	91	90	-1	2.1	2.2	2.4	2.3	2.2	-0.1
Health care and social assistance	736	738	669	744	747	3	3.2	3.1	2.8	3.2	3.2	0.0
Leisure and hospitality	867	941	990	1,045	1,068	23	5.1	5.6	5.8	6.2	6.3	0.1
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	163	161	168	155	151	-4	6.1	6.0	6.3	5.8	5.7	-0.1
Accommodation and food services	704	781	822	890	917	27	5.0	5.5	5.8	6.2	6.4	0.2
Other services	245	204	210	194	193	-1	4.1	3.4	3.5	3.2	3.2	0.0
Government	356	333	280	311	318	7	1.5	1.4	1.2	1.3	1.4	0.1
Federal	32	22	34	25	28	3	1.0	0.8	1.2	0.9	1.0	0.1
State and local	324	312	246	286	290	4	1.6	1.5	1.2	1.4	1.4	0.0
State and local education	162	153	125	135	143	8	1.5	1.4	1.2	1.2	1.3	0.1
State and local, excluding education	162	159	121	151	148	-3	1.7	1.6	1.2	1.5	1.5	0.0
REGION(3)
Northeast	834	846	881	889	890	1	3.0	3.0	3.1	3.1	3.1	0.0
South	2,150	1,936	1,905	2,006	2,045	39	3.6	3.2	3.2	3.4	3.4	0.0
Midwest	1,131	1,211	1,078	1,149	1,113	-36	3.4	3.6	3.2	3.4	3.3	-0.1
West	1,124	1,186	1,155	1,229	1,246	17	3.0	3.2	3.1	3.3	3.4	0.1
Footnotes (1) The hires level is the number of hires during the entire month. (2) The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.

Table 3. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Jan. 2025	Oct. 2025	Nov. 2025	Dec. 2025	Jan. 2026(p)	Change from: Dec. 2025 - Jan. 2026(p)	Jan. 2025	Oct. 2025	Nov. 2025	Dec. 2025	Jan. 2026(p)	Change from: Dec. 2025 - Jan. 2026(p)
Total	5,241	5,125	5,035	5,203	5,105	-98	3.3	3.2	3.2	3.3	3.2	-0.1
INDUSTRY
Total private	4,924	4,768	4,718	4,864	4,773	-91	3.7	3.5	3.5	3.6	3.5	-0.1
Mining and logging	19	18	19	23	17	-6	3.0	2.9	3.2	3.9	2.9	-1.0
Construction	347	302	304	317	322	5	4.2	3.7	3.7	3.8	3.9	0.1
Manufacturing	334	311	294	301	294	-7	2.6	2.5	2.3	2.4	2.3	-0.1
Durable goods	203	177	167	164	167	3	2.6	2.3	2.1	2.1	2.1	0.0
Nondurable goods	131	134	127	136	126	-10	2.7	2.8	2.6	2.8	2.6	-0.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,021	1,000	943	1,093	974	-119	3.5	3.5	3.3	3.8	3.4	-0.4
Wholesale trade	155	138	117	129	142	13	2.6	2.3	1.9	2.1	2.4	0.3
Retail trade	590	578	554	629	575	-54	3.8	3.7	3.6	4.1	3.7	-0.4
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	276	283	272	336	257	-79	3.8	3.9	3.8	4.7	3.6	-1.1
Information	76	81	84	89	89	0	2.7	2.8	3.0	3.1	3.2	0.1
Financial activities	194	196	182	202	185	-17	2.1	2.1	2.0	2.2	2.0	-0.2
Finance and insurance	129	134	139	129	128	-1	1.9	2.0	2.1	1.9	1.9	0.0
Real estate and rental and leasing	65	61	44	72	57	-15	2.6	2.5	1.8	2.9	2.4	-0.5
Professional and business services	1,046	1,020	1,017	915	968	53	4.7	4.6	4.5	4.1	4.3	0.2
Private education and health services	755	798	720	751	702	-49	2.8	2.9	2.6	2.7	2.5	-0.2
Private educational services	84	95	101	74	75	1	2.1	2.3	2.5	1.8	1.9	0.1
Health care and social assistance	671	703	619	678	627	-51	2.9	3.0	2.6	2.9	2.6	-0.3
Leisure and hospitality	874	854	971	994	1,027	33	5.2	5.0	5.7	5.9	6.0	0.1
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	154	169	172	147	155	8	5.8	6.2	6.4	5.5	5.8	0.3
Accommodation and food services	720	685	800	847	872	25	5.1	4.8	5.6	5.9	6.1	0.2
Other services	258	190	183	178	193	15	4.3	3.2	3.0	3.0	3.2	0.2
Government	317	357	317	340	333	-7	1.3	1.5	1.4	1.5	1.4	-0.1
Federal	32	64	52	58	48	-10	1.1	2.3	1.9	2.1	1.8	-0.3
State and local	285	293	265	282	285	3	1.4	1.4	1.3	1.4	1.4	0.0
State and local education	138	144	143	150	149	-1	1.3	1.3	1.3	1.4	1.4	0.0
State and local, excluding education	146	149	122	132	136	4	1.5	1.5	1.2	1.3	1.4	0.1
REGION(3)
Northeast	809	915	806	798	879	81	2.9	3.2	2.9	2.8	3.1	0.3
South	2,057	1,855	1,986	2,007	1,821	-186	3.4	3.1	3.3	3.4	3.0	-0.4
Midwest	1,152	1,200	1,091	1,216	1,123	-93	3.5	3.6	3.3	3.6	3.4	-0.2
West	1,223	1,156	1,151	1,182	1,281	99	3.3	3.1	3.1	3.2	3.5	0.3
Footnotes (1) The total separations level is the number of total separations during the entire month. (2) The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.

Table 4. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Jan. 2025	Oct. 2025	Nov. 2025	Dec. 2025	Jan. 2026(p)	Change from: Dec. 2025 - Jan. 2026(p)	Jan. 2025	Oct. 2025	Nov. 2025	Dec. 2025	Jan. 2026(p)	Change from: Dec. 2025 - Jan. 2026(p)
Total	3,203	2,980	3,119	3,225	3,137	-88	2.0	1.9	2.0	2.0	2.0	0.0
INDUSTRY
Total private	3,023	2,796	2,945	3,045	2,955	-90	2.2	2.1	2.2	2.3	2.2	-0.1
Mining and logging	11	12	14	16	12	-4	1.8	2.0	2.3	2.7	2.0	-0.7
Construction	166	129	132	147	138	-9	2.0	1.6	1.6	1.8	1.7	-0.1
Manufacturing	188	170	184	180	162	-18	1.5	1.3	1.5	1.4	1.3	-0.1
Durable goods	111	94	101	98	94	-4	1.4	1.2	1.3	1.3	1.2	-0.1
Nondurable goods	76	76	84	82	68	-14	1.6	1.6	1.7	1.7	1.4	-0.3
Trade, transportation, and utilities	634	639	636	733	642	-91	2.2	2.2	2.2	2.6	2.2	-0.4
Wholesale trade	93	91	72	97	101	4	1.5	1.5	1.2	1.6	1.7	0.1
Retail trade	378	396	409	487	418	-69	2.4	2.6	2.7	3.2	2.7	-0.5
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	163	153	154	149	122	-27	2.2	2.1	2.1	2.1	1.7	-0.4
Information	40	36	44	45	42	-3	1.4	1.2	1.5	1.6	1.5	-0.1
Financial activities	131	111	105	120	113	-7	1.4	1.2	1.1	1.3	1.2	-0.1
Finance and insurance	78	68	76	76	76	0	1.2	1.0	1.1	1.1	1.1	0.0
Real estate and rental and leasing	52	42	29	44	37	-7	2.1	1.7	1.2	1.8	1.5	-0.3
Professional and business services	544	529	472	426	478	52	2.4	2.4	2.1	1.9	2.1	0.2
Private education and health services	527	515	498	512	480	-32	2.0	1.9	1.8	1.9	1.7	-0.2
Private educational services	54	58	56	35	51	16	1.3	1.4	1.4	0.9	1.3	0.4
Health care and social assistance	473	457	442	478	430	-48	2.1	1.9	1.9	2.0	1.8	-0.2
Leisure and hospitality	593	531	731	739	755	16	3.5	3.1	4.3	4.4	4.4	0.0
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	68	63	61	63	69	6	2.5	2.3	2.3	2.4	2.6	0.2
Accommodation and food services	525	468	670	676	685	9	3.7	3.3	4.7	4.7	4.8	0.1
Other services	190	125	130	125	134	9	3.2	2.1	2.2	2.1	2.2	0.1
Government	180	183	173	180	182	2	0.8	0.8	0.7	0.8	0.8	0.0
Federal	14	29	22	21	19	-2	0.5	1.1	0.8	0.8	0.7	-0.1
State and local	166	154	151	160	163	3	0.8	0.7	0.7	0.8	0.8	0.0
State and local education	81	86	81	86	85	-1	0.7	0.8	0.7	0.8	0.8	0.0
State and local, excluding education	85	68	70	73	78	5	0.9	0.7	0.7	0.8	0.8	0.0
REGION(3)
Northeast	466	458	439	454	495	41	1.7	1.6	1.6	1.6	1.8	0.2
South	1,323	1,185	1,308	1,270	1,176	-94	2.2	2.0	2.2	2.1	2.0	-0.1
Midwest	699	720	723	811	698	-113	2.1	2.2	2.2	2.4	2.1	-0.3
West	715	617	648	691	767	76	1.9	1.7	1.8	1.9	2.1	0.2
Footnotes (1) The quits level is the number of quits during the entire month. (2) The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.

Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Jan. 2025	Oct. 2025	Nov. 2025	Dec. 2025	Jan. 2026(p)	Change from: Dec. 2025 - Jan. 2026(p)	Jan. 2025	Oct. 2025	Nov. 2025	Dec. 2025	Jan. 2026(p)	Change from: Dec. 2025 - Jan. 2026(p)
Total	1,738	1,891	1,660	1,666	1,631	-35	1.1	1.2	1.0	1.1	1.0	-0.1
INDUSTRY
Total private	1,658	1,788	1,581	1,598	1,558	-40	1.2	1.3	1.2	1.2	1.2	0.0
Mining and logging	6	4	4	6	5	-1	0.9	0.7	0.7	1.0	0.8	-0.2
Construction	162	166	160	154	169	15	2.0	2.0	1.9	1.9	2.0	0.1
Manufacturing	126	129	95	105	112	7	1.0	1.0	0.8	0.8	0.9	0.1
Durable goods	78	77	55	58	62	4	1.0	1.0	0.7	0.7	0.8	0.1
Nondurable goods	48	52	40	47	49	2	1.0	1.1	0.8	1.0	1.0	0.0
Trade, transportation, and utilities	337	330	279	328	279	-49	1.2	1.1	1.0	1.1	1.0	-0.1
Wholesale trade	52	41	38	24	29	5	0.9	0.7	0.6	0.4	0.5	0.1
Retail trade	184	175	134	127	128	1	1.2	1.1	0.9	0.8	0.8	0.0
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	101	114	107	177	122	-55	1.4	1.6	1.5	2.5	1.7	-0.8
Information	29	38	36	42	42	0	1.0	1.3	1.2	1.5	1.5	0.0
Financial activities	40	58	54	55	61	6	0.4	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.7	0.1
Finance and insurance	30	44	40	32	44	12	0.5	0.7	0.6	0.5	0.7	0.2
Real estate and rental and leasing	10	13	14	23	16	-7	0.4	0.6	0.6	0.9	0.7	-0.2
Professional and business services	450	462	492	432	397	-35	2.0	2.1	2.2	1.9	1.8	-0.1
Private education and health services	180	234	184	194	189	-5	0.7	0.9	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.0
Private educational services	26	31	40	31	21	-10	0.6	0.8	1.0	0.8	0.5	-0.3
Health care and social assistance	154	203	144	163	167	4	0.7	0.9	0.6	0.7	0.7	0.0
Leisure and hospitality	261	308	226	229	254	25	1.5	1.8	1.3	1.4	1.5	0.1
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	82	99	106	82	82	0	3.1	3.7	4.0	3.1	3.1	0.0
Accommodation and food services	178	209	120	147	172	25	1.3	1.5	0.8	1.0	1.2	0.2
Other services	68	60	51	52	51	-1	1.1	1.0	0.8	0.9	0.8	-0.1
Government	80	103	79	68	73	5	0.3	0.4	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.0
Federal	5	8	11	7	8	1	0.2	0.3	0.4	0.2	0.3	0.1
State and local	75	94	68	61	66	5	0.4	0.5	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.0
State and local education	37	38	38	38	39	1	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.4	0.4	0.0
State and local, excluding education	37	56	31	23	27	4	0.4	0.6	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.1
REGION(3)
Northeast	297	409	323	282	327	45	1.1	1.4	1.1	1.0	1.2	0.2
South	629	591	583	608	526	-82	1.1	1.0	1.0	1.0	0.9	-0.1
Midwest	392	421	323	354	373	19	1.2	1.3	1.0	1.1	1.1	0.0
West	420	470	432	422	404	-18	1.1	1.3	1.2	1.1	1.1	0.0
Footnotes (1) The layoffs and discharges level is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month. (2) The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.

Table 6. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Jan. 2025	Oct. 2025	Nov. 2025	Dec. 2025	Jan. 2026(p)	Change from: Dec. 2025 - Jan. 2026(p)	Jan. 2025	Oct. 2025	Nov. 2025	Dec. 2025	Jan. 2026(p)	Change from: Dec. 2025 - Jan. 2026(p)
Total	301	255	256	312	337	25	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
INDUSTRY
Total private	243	184	192	221	260	39	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.0
Mining and logging	2	2	1	1	1	0	0.3	0.3	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.0
Construction	19	6	12	15	15	0	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.0
Manufacturing	20	12	15	16	20	4	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.1
Durable goods	14	6	11	8	11	3	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.0
Nondurable goods	6	6	3	7	9	2	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.0
Trade, transportation, and utilities	51	30	28	32	54	22	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.1
Wholesale trade	10	6	7	8	12	4	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.1
Retail trade	29	8	11	15	29	14	0.2	0.0	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.1
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	12	16	11	10	13	3	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.1
Information	8	7	5	2	5	3	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.1
Financial activities	23	27	23	27	12	-15	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.1	-0.2
Finance and insurance	20	22	22	21	8	-13	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.1	-0.2
Real estate and rental and leasing	2	5	1	6	4	-2	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.3	0.2	-0.1
Professional and business services	52	30	53	57	93	36	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.3	0.4	0.1
Private education and health services	48	49	38	45	33	-12	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.1	-0.1
Private educational services	4	6	6	7	3	-4	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.1	-0.1
Health care and social assistance	44	43	33	38	30	-8	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.1	-0.1
Leisure and hospitality	21	15	14	25	19	-6	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.0
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	5	7	5	1	4	3	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.0	0.1	0.1
Accommodation and food services	16	8	10	25	15	-10	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.1	-0.1
Other services	0	5	2	0	8	8	0.0	0.1	0.0	0.0	0.1	0.1
Government	57	71	64	92	77	-15	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.4	0.3	-0.1
Federal	14	27	19	30	21	-9	0.5	1.0	0.7	1.1	0.8	-0.3
State and local	44	45	45	61	56	-5	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.0
State and local education	20	20	24	26	25	-1	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
State and local, excluding education	24	24	21	35	31	-4	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.4	0.3	-0.1
REGION(3)
Northeast	46	48	45	63	57	-6	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
South	105	79	95	130	118	-12	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
Midwest	61	59	45	50	52	2	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.0
West	88	69	72	69	110	41	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.1
Footnotes (1) The other separations level is the number of other separations during the entire month. (2) The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero. NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.

Table 7. Job openings, hires, and separations levels and rates by establishment size class, seasonally adjusted

Establishment size class	Levels (in thousands)						Rates
	Jan. 2025	Oct. 2025	Nov. 2025	Dec. 2025	Jan. 2026(p)	Change from: Dec. 2025 - Jan. 2026(p)	Jan. 2025	Oct. 2025	Nov. 2025	Dec. 2025	Jan. 2026(p)	Change from: Dec. 2025 - Jan. 2026(p)
JOB OPENINGS
Total private	6,552	6,384	6,188	5,828	6,198	370	4.6	4.5	4.4	4.1	4.4	0.3
1 to 9 employees	1,072	1,112	1,194	1,060	1,046	-14	4.9	4.9	4.9	4.6	4.6	0.0
10 to 49 employees	2,082	1,909	1,926	1,841	1,998	157	4.8	4.4	4.5	4.4	4.6	0.2
50 to 249 employees	1,928	1,878	1,760	1,740	1,802	62	4.6	4.2	4.1	4.0	4.2	0.2
250 to 999 employees	799	857	691	612	707	95	4.0	4.6	3.8	3.2	3.9	0.7
1,000 to 4,999 employees	449	441	431	403	449	46	5.0	5.2	5.0	4.5	4.8	0.3
5,000 or more employees	224	187	185	173	196	23	4.3	4.3	4.0	3.7	4.1	0.4
HIRES
Total private	4,883	4,846	4,739	4,961	4,976	15	3.6	3.6	3.5	3.7	3.7	0.0
1 to 9 employees	764	667	648	660	733	73	3.7	3.1	2.8	3.0	3.4	0.4
10 to 49 employees	1,531	1,613	1,532	1,689	1,841	152	3.7	3.9	3.8	4.3	4.4	0.1
50 to 249 employees	1,585	1,627	1,568	1,666	1,480	-186	3.9	3.8	3.8	4.0	3.6	-0.4
250 to 999 employees	661	613	647	612	563	-49	3.5	3.4	3.7	3.3	3.2	-0.1
1,000 to 4,999 employees	255	261	270	257	278	21	3.0	3.3	3.3	3.0	3.1	0.1
5,000 or more employees	86	64	73	77	82	5	1.7	1.6	1.7	1.7	1.8	0.1
TOTAL SEPARATIONS
Total private	4,924	4,768	4,718	4,864	4,773	-91	3.7	3.5	3.5	3.6	3.5	-0.1
1 to 9 employees	747	615	654	646	564	-82	3.6	2.9	2.9	2.9	2.6	-0.3
10 to 49 employees	1,604	1,577	1,648	1,494	1,707	213	3.9	3.8	4.0	3.8	4.1	0.3
50 to 249 employees	1,574	1,659	1,479	1,664	1,529	-135	3.9	3.9	3.6	4.0	3.7	-0.3
250 to 999 employees	642	603	604	730	651	-79	3.4	3.4	3.4	4.0	3.7	-0.3
1,000 to 4,999 employees	280	254	268	270	266	-4	3.3	3.2	3.3	3.1	3.0	-0.1
5,000 or more employees	77	59	64	60	56	-4	1.5	1.4	1.4	1.3	1.2	-0.1
QUITS
Total private	3,023	2,796	2,945	3,045	2,955	-90	2.2	2.1	2.2	2.3	2.2	-0.1
1 to 9 employees	498	292	347	341	265	-76	2.4	1.4	1.5	1.5	1.2	-0.3
10 to 49 employees	944	938	1,025	1,029	1,170	141	2.3	2.3	2.5	2.6	2.8	0.2
50 to 249 employees	1,000	1,046	1,017	1,120	1,001	-119	2.5	2.5	2.5	2.7	2.4	-0.3
250 to 999 employees	392	363	372	383	344	-39	2.1	2.0	2.1	2.1	2.0	-0.1
1,000 to 4,999 employees	147	126	148	139	144	5	1.7	1.6	1.8	1.6	1.6	0.0
5,000 or more employees	42	32	36	33	32	-1	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.7	0.7	0.0
LAYOFFS AND DISCHARGES
Total private	1,658	1,788	1,581	1,598	1,558	-40	1.2	1.3	1.2	1.2	1.2	0.0
1 to 9 employees	210	292	254	237	205	-32	1.0	1.4	1.1	1.1	0.9	-0.2
10 to 49 employees	572	581	551	392	464	72	1.4	1.4	1.4	1.0	1.1	0.1
50 to 249 employees	518	572	425	504	481	-23	1.3	1.4	1.0	1.2	1.2	0.0
250 to 999 employees	228	217	220	326	281	-45	1.2	1.2	1.2	1.8	1.6	-0.2
1,000 to 4,999 employees	103	107	110	119	110	-9	1.2	1.3	1.4	1.4	1.3	-0.1
5,000 or more employees	26	19	21	20	16	-4	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.4	0.4	0.0
OTHER SEPARATIONS
Total private	243	184	192	221	260	39	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.0
1 to 9 employees	39	31	53	68	94	26	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.3	0.4	0.1
10 to 49 employees	88	57	71	73	73	0	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
50 to 249 employees	55	41	37	41	47	6	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.0
250 to 999 employees	22	24	12	21	25	4	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.0
1,000 to 4,999 employees	30	22	11	12	12	0	0.3	0.3	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.0
5,000 or more employees	9	8	7	7	8	1	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Establishment size class data are produced for the total private sector only. NOTE: The job openings level is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. The levels for hires, total separations, quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations are the number of each during the entire month. The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of employment plus job openings. The rates for hires, total separations, quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations are the number of each during the entire month as percent of employment. NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.

Table 8. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Jan. 2025	Dec. 2025	Jan. 2026(p)	Jan. 2025	Dec. 2025	Jan. 2026(p)
Total	7,612	6,088	7,110	4.6	3.7	4.3
INDUSTRY
Total private	6,764	5,379	6,385	4.8	3.8	4.6
Mining and logging	17	21	29	2.7	3.3	4.6
Construction	240	246	238	2.9	2.9	2.9
Manufacturing	448	400	495	3.4	3.1	3.8
Durable goods	315	277	344	3.9	3.4	4.2
Nondurable goods	132	124	151	2.7	2.5	3.1
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,043	904	1,122	3.5	3.0	3.8
Wholesale trade	210	149	191	3.3	2.4	3.1
Retail trade	504	458	610	3.2	2.8	3.8
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	329	298	321	4.3	3.8	4.3
Information	105	104	118	3.6	3.5	4.0
Financial activities	549	233	435	5.7	2.5	4.6
Finance and insurance	358	127	332	5.1	1.8	4.7
Real estate and rental and leasing	191	106	103	7.3	4.1	4.1
Professional and business services	1,344	1,108	1,042	5.7	4.7	4.5
Private education and health services	1,786	1,337	1,702	6.2	4.6	5.8
Private educational services	152	126	127	3.7	3.0	3.1
Health care and social assistance	1,634	1,211	1,575	6.7	4.9	6.2
Leisure and hospitality	931	781	969	5.5	4.5	5.6
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	143	97	114	5.6	3.7	4.5
Accommodation and food services	788	684	854	5.4	4.6	5.8
Other services	302	244	236	4.9	3.9	3.8
Government	847	710	724	3.5	2.9	3.0
Federal	125	89	91	4.0	3.2	3.3
State and local	722	621	633	3.4	2.9	3.0
State and local education	251	213	232	2.3	1.9	2.1
State and local, excluding education	471	408	401	4.7	4.0	4.0
REGION(3)
Northeast	1,378	1,060	1,253	4.7	3.6	4.3
South	2,895	2,527	2,705	4.7	4.0	4.4
Midwest	1,625	1,290	1,583	4.7	3.7	4.6
West	1,713	1,211	1,568	4.5	3.2	4.1
Footnotes (1) The job openings level is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. (2) The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of employment plus job openings. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.

Table 9. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Jan. 2025	Dec. 2025	Jan. 2026(p)	Jan. 2025	Dec. 2025	Jan. 2026(p)
Total	5,125	3,879	5,186	3.3	2.4	3.3
INDUSTRY
Total private	4,787	3,682	4,882	3.6	2.7	3.7
Mining and logging	21	14	17	3.4	2.3	2.8
Construction	358	169	380	4.5	2.1	4.8
Manufacturing	341	182	322	2.7	1.4	2.6
Durable goods	209	92	195	2.7	1.2	2.5
Nondurable goods	132	90	127	2.8	1.9	2.7
Trade, transportation, and utilities	894	871	849	3.1	3.0	3.0
Wholesale trade	150	88	157	2.5	1.4	2.6
Retail trade	517	428	474	3.4	2.7	3.1
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	227	356	218	3.1	4.8	3.0
Information	70	61	95	2.4	2.1	3.4
Financial activities	218	163	172	2.4	1.8	1.9
Finance and insurance	152	102	121	2.3	1.5	1.8
Real estate and rental and leasing	65	60	52	2.7	2.4	2.1
Professional and business services	979	700	986	4.4	3.1	4.5
Private education and health services	895	624	914	3.3	2.2	3.3
Private educational services	99	40	103	2.5	1.0	2.6
Health care and social assistance	796	584	811	3.5	2.5	3.4
Leisure and hospitality	773	755	960	4.8	4.5	5.9
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	109	91	96	4.5	3.6	4.0
Accommodation and food services	664	664	864	4.8	4.7	6.2
Other services	240	143	188	4.1	2.4	3.2
Government	338	197	304	1.4	0.8	1.3
Federal	30	23	27	1.0	0.8	1.0
State and local	308	174	277	1.5	0.8	1.3
State and local education	168	66	149	1.5	0.6	1.4
State and local, excluding education	140	108	128	1.5	1.1	1.3
REGION(3)
Northeast	764	630	817	2.7	2.2	2.9
South	2,172	1,465	2,071	3.7	2.4	3.5
Midwest	1,039	877	1,025	3.2	2.6	3.1
West	1,151	908	1,273	3.2	2.4	3.5
Footnotes (1) The hires level is the number of hires during the entire month. (2) The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.

Table 10. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Jan. 2025	Dec. 2025	Jan. 2026(p)	Jan. 2025	Dec. 2025	Jan. 2026(p)
Total	5,708	5,029	5,556	3.6	3.2	3.5
INDUSTRY
Total private	5,432	4,702	5,265	4.1	3.5	3.9
Mining and logging	21	20	19	3.5	3.4	3.2
Construction	373	334	352	4.7	4.1	4.4
Manufacturing	339	236	297	2.7	1.9	2.4
Durable goods	213	115	175	2.7	1.5	2.3
Nondurable goods	126	121	122	2.6	2.5	2.6
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,383	1,215	1,334	4.8	4.1	4.7
Wholesale trade	171	115	160	2.8	1.9	2.7
Retail trade	722	615	666	4.7	3.9	4.3
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	489	485	508	6.7	6.5	7.1
Information	97	93	115	3.4	3.3	4.1
Financial activities	223	175	209	2.4	1.9	2.3
Finance and insurance	151	110	142	2.2	1.6	2.1
Real estate and rental and leasing	72	65	67	3.0	2.6	2.8
Professional and business services	1,114	935	1,024	5.0	4.2	4.6
Private education and health services	790	672	735	2.9	2.4	2.7
Private educational services	66	60	58	1.7	1.5	1.5
Health care and social assistance	724	612	677	3.2	2.6	2.9
Leisure and hospitality	825	864	978	5.1	5.2	6.0
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	136	128	133	5.6	5.1	5.5
Accommodation and food services	689	736	845	5.0	5.2	6.1
Other services	266	158	202	4.5	2.6	3.4
Government	276	327	291	1.2	1.4	1.3
Federal	32	71	47	1.1	2.6	1.8
State and local	243	256	244	1.2	1.2	1.2
State and local education	106	128	113	1.0	1.1	1.0
State and local, excluding education	137	128	131	1.4	1.3	1.4
REGION(3)
Northeast	894	797	978	3.2	2.8	3.5
South	2,206	1,885	1,940	3.7	3.1	3.3
Midwest	1,252	1,208	1,224	3.8	3.6	3.7
West	1,356	1,138	1,414	3.7	3.1	3.9
Footnotes (1) The total separations level is the number of total separations during the entire month. (2) The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.

Table 11. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Jan. 2025	Dec. 2025	Jan. 2026(p)	Jan. 2025	Dec. 2025	Jan. 2026(p)
Total	3,110	2,738	3,038	2.0	1.7	1.9
INDUSTRY
Total private	2,954	2,590	2,882	2.2	1.9	2.2
Mining and logging	11	12	12	1.8	1.9	2.0
Construction	156	128	129	2.0	1.6	1.6
Manufacturing	180	127	154	1.4	1.0	1.2
Durable goods	111	61	93	1.4	0.8	1.2
Nondurable goods	69	66	61	1.4	1.4	1.3
Trade, transportation, and utilities	628	699	638	2.2	2.4	2.2
Wholesale trade	94	84	106	1.6	1.4	1.8
Retail trade	372	441	413	2.4	2.8	2.7
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	162	174	120	2.2	2.3	1.7
Information	47	41	50	1.7	1.4	1.8
Financial activities	147	96	126	1.6	1.0	1.4
Finance and insurance	92	61	87	1.4	0.9	1.3
Real estate and rental and leasing	55	35	39	2.3	1.4	1.6
Professional and business services	514	341	442	2.3	1.5	2.0
Private education and health services	532	443	483	2.0	1.6	1.7
Private educational services	44	28	41	1.1	0.7	1.0
Health care and social assistance	488	415	441	2.1	1.8	1.9
Leisure and hospitality	544	598	706	3.4	3.6	4.3
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	57	41	59	2.4	1.6	2.4
Accommodation and food services	487	557	648	3.6	3.9	4.7
Other services	195	107	141	3.3	1.8	2.4
Government	155	148	156	0.7	0.6	0.7
Federal	13	21	18	0.4	0.8	0.7
State and local	142	127	139	0.7	0.6	0.7
State and local education	62	64	65	0.6	0.6	0.6
State and local, excluding education	80	63	74	0.8	0.6	0.8
REGION(3)
Northeast	462	362	494	1.7	1.3	1.8
South	1,273	1,078	1,125	2.2	1.8	1.9
Midwest	648	708	645	2.0	2.1	2.0
West	726	591	774	2.0	1.6	2.1
Footnotes (1) The quits level is the number of quits during the entire month. (2) The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.

Table 12. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Jan. 2025	Dec. 2025	Jan. 2026(p)	Jan. 2025	Dec. 2025	Jan. 2026(p)
Total	2,245	1,949	2,132	1.4	1.2	1.4
INDUSTRY
Total private	2,181	1,878	2,074	1.6	1.4	1.6
Mining and logging	8	8	6	1.2	1.3	1.0
Construction	199	187	207	2.5	2.3	2.6
Manufacturing	133	93	118	1.1	0.7	0.9
Durable goods	83	46	66	1.1	0.6	0.9
Nondurable goods	51	47	52	1.1	1.0	1.1
Trade, transportation, and utilities	689	485	626	2.4	1.7	2.2
Wholesale trade	61	21	32	1.0	0.3	0.5
Retail trade	313	161	218	2.0	1.0	1.4
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	315	302	376	4.3	4.0	5.2
Information	39	51	58	1.4	1.8	2.1
Financial activities	43	48	64	0.5	0.5	0.7
Finance and insurance	30	26	44	0.5	0.4	0.7
Real estate and rental and leasing	12	22	20	0.5	0.9	0.8
Professional and business services	547	537	488	2.5	2.4	2.2
Private education and health services	196	182	204	0.7	0.7	0.7
Private educational services	17	26	14	0.4	0.6	0.3
Health care and social assistance	179	156	190	0.8	0.7	0.8
Leisure and hospitality	257	236	250	1.6	1.4	1.5
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	75	86	70	3.1	3.4	2.9
Accommodation and food services	182	151	179	1.3	1.1	1.3
Other services	71	51	53	1.2	0.8	0.9
Government	64	71	58	0.3	0.3	0.2
Federal	4	9	6	0.1	0.3	0.2
State and local	60	62	52	0.3	0.3	0.3
State and local education	30	42	31	0.3	0.4	0.3
State and local, excluding education	30	20	21	0.3	0.2	0.2
REGION(3)
Northeast	378	358	421	1.4	1.3	1.5
South	803	679	676	1.4	1.1	1.1
Midwest	540	442	525	1.6	1.3	1.6
West	523	470	510	1.4	1.3	1.4
Footnotes (1) The layoffs and discharges level is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month. (2) The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.

Table 13. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Jan. 2025	Dec. 2025	Jan. 2026(p)	Jan. 2025	Dec. 2025	Jan. 2026(p)
Total	353	341	386	0.2	0.2	0.2
INDUSTRY
Total private	297	233	309	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mining and logging	3	1	1	0.4	0.1	0.2
Construction	19	20	16	0.2	0.2	0.2
Manufacturing	26	16	25	0.2	0.1	0.2
Durable goods	19	8	16	0.2	0.1	0.2
Nondurable goods	7	8	9	0.1	0.2	0.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	66	31	70	0.2	0.1	0.2
Wholesale trade	17	9	22	0.3	0.1	0.4
Retail trade	37	13	36	0.2	0.1	0.2
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	13	8	13	0.2	0.1	0.2
Information	10	2	6	0.4	0.1	0.2
Financial activities	33	31	18	0.4	0.3	0.2
Finance and insurance	28	23	11	0.4	0.3	0.2
Real estate and rental and leasing	5	8	8	0.2	0.3	0.3
Professional and business services	54	57	94	0.2	0.3	0.4
Private education and health services	62	47	48	0.2	0.2	0.2
Private educational services	5	7	3	0.1	0.2	0.1
Health care and social assistance	57	40	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Leisure and hospitality	24	29	22	0.1	0.2	0.1
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	5	1	4	0.2	0.0	0.2
Accommodation and food services	19	28	18	0.1	0.2	0.1
Other services	0	0	9	0.0	0.0	0.1
Government	57	108	77	0.2	0.5	0.3
Federal	15	41	24	0.5	1.5	0.9
State and local	41	66	53	0.2	0.3	0.3
State and local education	14	21	17	0.1	0.2	0.2
State and local, excluding education	28	45	36	0.3	0.5	0.4
REGION(3)
Northeast	54	76	63	0.2	0.3	0.2
South	130	130	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Midwest	63	58	53	0.2	0.2	0.2
West	107	77	131	0.3	0.2	0.4
Footnotes (1) The other separations level is the number of other separations during the entire month. (2) The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero. NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.

Table 14. Job openings, hires, and separations levels and rates by establishment size class, not seasonally adjusted

Establishment size class	Levels (in thousands)			Rates
	Jan. 2025	Dec. 2025	Jan. 2026(p)	Jan. 2025	Dec. 2025	Jan. 2026(p)
JOB OPENINGS
Total private	6,764	5,379	6,385	4.8	3.8	4.6
1 to 9 employees	1,276	964	1,220	5.9	4.2	5.4
10 to 49 employees	2,096	1,615	2,019	4.9	3.9	4.7
50 to 249 employees	1,909	1,616	1,782	4.6	3.7	4.2
250 to 999 employees	778	614	692	4.0	3.2	3.9
1,000 to 4,999 employees	469	396	467	5.3	4.4	5.1
5,000 or more employees	236	173	206	4.5	3.7	4.4
HIRES
Total private	4,787	3,682	4,882	3.6	2.7	3.7
1 to 9 employees	954	465	927	4.7	2.1	4.3
10 to 49 employees	1,441	1,188	1,738	3.5	3.0	4.2
50 to 249 employees	1,440	1,263	1,343	3.6	3.0	3.3
250 to 999 employees	608	472	511	3.2	2.6	3.0
1,000 to 4,999 employees	247	235	269	2.9	2.7	3.1
5,000 or more employees	97	59	94	2.0	1.3	2.1
TOTAL SEPARATIONS
Total private	5,432	4,702	5,265	4.1	3.5	3.9
1 to 9 employees	925	576	756	4.6	2.6	3.5
10 to 49 employees	1,690	1,411	1,770	4.2	3.5	4.3
50 to 249 employees	1,690	1,545	1,624	4.3	3.7	4.0
250 to 999 employees	691	759	715	3.7	4.1	4.2
1,000 to 4,999 employees	347	349	336	4.1	4.0	3.9
5,000 or more employees	89	61	64	1.8	1.4	1.4
QUITS
Total private	2,954	2,590	2,882	2.2	1.9	2.2
1 to 9 employees	544	263	307	2.7	1.2	1.4
10 to 49 employees	871	836	1,099	2.1	2.1	2.7
50 to 249 employees	983	960	979	2.5	2.3	2.4
250 to 999 employees	376	347	329	2.0	1.9	1.9
1,000 to 4,999 employees	138	154	136	1.6	1.8	1.6
5,000 or more employees	43	30	32	0.9	0.7	0.7
LAYOFFS AND DISCHARGES
Total private	2,181	1,878	2,074	1.6	1.4	1.6
1 to 9 employees	321	261	316	1.6	1.2	1.5
10 to 49 employees	718	487	594	1.8	1.2	1.4
50 to 249 employees	644	540	597	1.6	1.3	1.5
250 to 999 employees	287	390	357	1.5	2.1	2.1
1,000 to 4,999 employees	178	177	189	2.1	2.0	2.2
5,000 or more employees	34	23	22	0.7	0.5	0.5
OTHER SEPARATIONS
Total private	297	233	309	0.2	0.2	0.2
1 to 9 employees	61	51	133	0.3	0.2	0.6
10 to 49 employees	101	89	77	0.2	0.2	0.2
50 to 249 employees	63	45	49	0.2	0.1	0.1
250 to 999 employees	28	23	29	0.2	0.1	0.2
1,000 to 4,999 employees	31	17	11	0.4	0.2	0.1
5,000 or more employees	12	8	11	0.2	0.2	0.2
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Establishment size class data are produced for the total private sector only. NOTE: The job openings level is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. The levels for hires, total separations, quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations are the number of each during the entire month. The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of employment plus job openings. The rates for hires, total separations, quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations are the number of each during the entire month as percent of employment. NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.

Table 15. Annual average job openings levels by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1) [in thousands]

Industry and region	2021	2022	2023	2024	2025
Total	9,984	11,178	9,268	7,660	7,089
INDUSTRY
Total private	9,071	10,132	8,233	6,735	6,299
Mining and logging	27	37	30	24	19
Construction	344	400	387	301	240
Manufacturing	821	845	603	483	407
Durable goods	467	526	380	318	267
Nondurable goods	354	318	223	165	140
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,800	1,791	1,448	1,000	1,057
Wholesale trade	283	308	264	162	177
Retail trade	991	965	708	513	566
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	525	519	476	325	314
Information	178	224	137	123	121
Financial activities	432	558	467	437	389
Finance and insurance	313	394	337	309	271
Real estate and rental and leasing	119	164	131	128	118
Professional and business services	1,861	2,145	1,602	1,313	1,246
Private education and health services	1,789	2,171	1,930	1,741	1,551
Private educational services	168	167	177	173	143
Health care and social assistance	1,622	2,004	1,753	1,568	1,408
Leisure and hospitality	1,425	1,594	1,277	1,021	995
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	173	184	183	146	145
Accommodation and food services	1,252	1,410	1,094	875	850
Other services	393	367	353	294	274
Government	912	1,046	1,034	925	790
Federal	131	136	163	142	108
State and local	781	910	871	783	682
State and local education	305	334	306	265	251
State and local, excluding education	476	576	566	518	431
REGION(2)
Northeast	1,726	1,835	1,518	1,362	1,273
South	3,879	4,371	3,760	3,041	2,824
Midwest	2,139	2,388	1,986	1,657	1,535
West	2,240	2,585	2,003	1,601	1,458
Footnotes (1) The annual average job openings level is equal to the sum of the 12 monthly job openings levels divided by 12. (2) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.

Table 16. Annual average job openings rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1) [percent]

Industry and region	2021	2022	2023	2024	2025
Total	6.4	6.8	5.6	4.6	4.3
INDUSTRY
Total private	6.8	7.2	5.8	4.8	4.5
Mining and logging	4.6	5.7	4.6	3.6	3.0
Construction	4.4	4.9	4.6	3.5	2.8
Manufacturing	6.2	6.2	4.5	3.6	3.1
Durable goods	5.7	6.2	4.5	3.8	3.3
Nondurable goods	7.0	6.2	4.4	3.3	2.8
Trade, transportation, and utilities	6.1	5.9	4.8	3.4	3.5
Wholesale trade	4.7	4.9	4.1	2.6	2.8
Retail trade	6.1	5.9	4.4	3.2	3.5
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	7.3	6.8	6.2	4.3	4.1
Information	5.8	6.8	4.3	4.0	4.1
Financial activities	4.7	5.8	4.8	4.6	4.1
Finance and insurance	4.6	5.6	4.8	4.4	3.9
Real estate and rental and leasing	5.0	6.5	5.0	5.0	4.6
Professional and business services	8.0	8.7	6.6	5.5	5.3
Private education and health services	7.0	8.2	7.1	6.2	5.4
Private educational services	4.5	4.3	4.4	4.2	3.4
Health care and social assistance	7.5	8.9	7.5	6.5	5.7
Leisure and hospitality	9.1	9.2	7.2	5.7	5.6
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	8.0	7.4	6.8	5.3	5.1
Accommodation and food services	9.3	9.5	7.2	5.8	5.6
Other services	6.7	6.1	5.7	4.7	4.4
Government	4.0	4.5	4.3	3.8	3.3
Federal	4.4	4.5	5.3	4.5	3.6
State and local	3.9	4.5	4.2	3.7	3.2
State and local education	2.9	3.1	2.8	2.4	2.3
State and local, excluding education	5.0	6.0	5.7	5.1	4.2
REGION(2)
Northeast	6.2	6.3	5.2	4.6	4.3
South	6.7	7.1	6.0	4.9	4.5
Midwest	6.4	6.9	5.7	4.7	4.4
West	6.1	6.7	5.2	4.2	3.8
Footnotes (1) The annual average job openings rate is equal to the sum of the 12 monthly job openings levels as a percent of the sum of the 12 monthly CES employment levels and the sum of the 12 monthly job openings levels. (2) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.

Table 17. Annual hires levels by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1) [in thousands]

Industry and region	2021	2022	2023	2024	2025
Total	76,195	76,832	70,343	64,515	62,972
INDUSTRY
Total private	71,762	71,994	65,625	60,123	59,044
Mining and logging	228	277	291	227	230
Construction	4,359	4,420	4,425	4,115	3,987
Manufacturing	5,350	5,502	4,717	3,986	3,583
Durable goods	2,962	3,018	2,492	2,227	2,062
Nondurable goods	2,389	2,485	2,224	1,756	1,522
Trade, transportation, and utilities	16,198	15,576	14,139	12,588	11,894
Wholesale trade	2,125	2,197	1,945	1,695	1,635
Retail trade	10,226	9,307	8,448	7,360	6,926
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	3,850	4,071	3,741	3,534	3,337
Information	1,338	1,270	874	904	903
Financial activities	2,743	2,905	2,395	2,372	2,500
Finance and insurance	1,821	1,906	1,485	1,529	1,720
Real estate and rental and leasing	920	999	909	838	781
Professional and business services	15,070	14,943	12,533	11,791	12,274
Private education and health services	9,353	10,278	10,717	10,247	9,788
Private educational services	1,248	1,182	1,208	1,170	1,079
Health care and social assistance	8,104	9,095	9,505	9,081	8,709
Leisure and hospitality	14,351	14,127	12,969	11,240	11,450
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	1,978	2,017	2,016	1,971	2,038
Accommodation and food services	12,370	12,107	10,951	9,266	9,412
Other services	2,769	2,695	2,570	2,656	2,429
Government	4,434	4,839	4,717	4,393	3,927
Federal	522	502	541	427	321
State and local	3,913	4,337	4,177	3,964	3,608
State and local education	2,121	2,135	2,146	1,985	1,765
State and local, excluding education	1,792	2,203	2,032	1,978	1,843
REGION(2)
Northeast	11,535	11,335	10,716	10,144	10,213
South	30,757	32,197	29,979	26,402	24,503
Midwest	16,375	15,820	14,543	13,739	13,827
West	17,528	17,482	15,103	14,231	14,430
Footnotes (1) The annual hires level is the sum of the 12 monthly hires levels. (2) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.

Table 18. Annual average hires rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1) [percent]

Industry and region	2021	2022	2023	2024	2025
Total	4.3	4.2	3.8	3.4	3.3
INDUSTRY
Total private	4.8	4.6	4.1	3.7	3.6
Mining and logging	3.4	3.8	3.8	3.0	3.1
Construction	4.9	4.7	4.6	4.2	4.0
Manufacturing	3.6	3.6	3.1	2.6	2.4
Durable goods	3.2	3.2	2.6	2.3	2.2
Nondurable goods	4.3	4.3	3.8	3.0	2.6
Trade, transportation, and utilities	4.9	4.5	4.1	3.6	3.4
Wholesale trade	3.1	3.1	2.7	2.3	2.2
Retail trade	5.6	5.0	4.5	4.0	3.7
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	4.8	4.7	4.4	4.1	3.8
Information	3.9	3.5	2.4	2.6	2.6
Financial activities	2.6	2.7	2.2	2.2	2.3
Finance and insurance	2.3	2.4	1.8	1.9	2.1
Real estate and rental and leasing	3.4	3.5	3.1	2.8	2.6
Professional and business services	5.9	5.5	4.6	4.4	4.6
Private education and health services	3.3	3.5	3.5	3.2	3.0
Private educational services	2.9	2.6	2.6	2.4	2.2
Health care and social assistance	3.4	3.7	3.7	3.4	3.1
Leisure and hospitality	8.5	7.4	6.5	5.6	5.7
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	8.3	7.3	6.7	6.3	6.3
Accommodation and food services	8.5	7.5	6.5	5.5	5.5
Other services	4.2	3.9	3.7	3.7	3.4
Government	1.7	1.8	1.7	1.6	1.4
Federal	1.5	1.5	1.5	1.2	0.9
State and local	1.7	1.9	1.8	1.6	1.5
State and local education	1.8	1.7	1.7	1.5	1.4
State and local, excluding education	1.7	2.0	1.8	1.7	1.6
REGION(2)
Northeast	3.7	3.5	3.2	3.0	3.0
South	4.7	4.7	4.3	3.7	3.4
Midwest	4.4	4.1	3.7	3.4	3.5
West	4.2	4.1	3.4	3.2	3.2
Footnotes (1) The annual average hires rate is equal to the sum of the 12 monthly hires levels as a percent of the sum of the 12 monthly CES employment levels. (2) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.

Table 19. Annual total separations levels by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1) [in thousands]

Industry and region	2021	2022	2023	2024	2025
Total	68,906	72,251	67,907	63,054	62,803
INDUSTRY
Total private	64,933	67,770	63,903	59,088	58,675
Mining and logging	209	227	276	246	245
Construction	4,162	4,132	4,189	3,898	3,966
Manufacturing	4,979	5,147	4,742	4,160	3,697
Durable goods	2,722	2,768	2,496	2,377	2,139
Nondurable goods	2,256	2,378	2,244	1,784	1,560
Trade, transportation, and utilities	15,055	15,118	14,172	12,554	12,149
Wholesale trade	1,902	1,963	1,881	1,735	1,673
Retail trade	9,906	9,249	8,438	7,441	6,987
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	3,244	3,903	3,852	3,380	3,489
Information	1,074	1,153	1,010	972	962
Financial activities	2,525	2,713	2,384	2,368	2,492
Finance and insurance	1,722	1,811	1,494	1,516	1,711
Real estate and rental and leasing	801	904	889	854	781
Professional and business services	13,772	14,279	12,688	11,934	12,397
Private education and health services	8,814	9,400	9,536	9,249	9,095
Private educational services	899	1,121	1,043	1,048	1,082
Health care and social assistance	7,914	8,277	8,492	8,205	8,014
Leisure and hospitality	11,926	13,079	12,495	11,119	11,286
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	1,562	1,763	1,859	1,920	1,979
Accommodation and food services	10,365	11,313	10,638	9,198	9,304
Other services	2,425	2,529	2,407	2,588	2,386
Government	3,972	4,480	4,005	3,964	4,125
Federal	543	509	448	383	624
State and local	3,429	3,972	3,556	3,582	3,503
State and local education	1,603	1,938	1,835	1,838	1,764
State and local, excluding education	1,827	2,033	1,717	1,743	1,738
REGION(2)
Northeast	10,092	10,446	10,090	9,947	10,034
South	28,261	30,256	28,680	25,215	24,196
Midwest	14,863	14,776	14,175	13,428	14,028
West	15,687	16,771	14,959	14,462	14,542
Footnotes (1) The annual total separations level is the sum of the 12 monthly total separations levels. (2) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.

Table 20. Annual average total separations rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1) [percent]

Industry and region	2021	2022	2023	2024	2025
Total	3.9	3.9	3.6	3.3	3.3
INDUSTRY
Total private	4.4	4.3	4.0	3.7	3.6
Mining and logging	3.1	3.1	3.6	3.3	3.3
Construction	4.7	4.4	4.4	4.0	4.0
Manufacturing	3.4	3.3	3.1	2.7	2.4
Durable goods	3.0	2.9	2.6	2.5	2.3
Nondurable goods	4.0	4.1	3.9	3.1	2.7
Trade, transportation, and utilities	4.5	4.4	4.1	3.6	3.5
Wholesale trade	2.8	2.7	2.6	2.4	2.3
Retail trade	5.4	5.0	4.5	4.0	3.8
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	4.0	4.5	4.5	3.9	4.0
Information	3.1	3.1	2.8	2.8	2.8
Financial activities	2.4	2.5	2.2	2.2	2.3
Finance and insurance	2.2	2.3	1.9	1.9	2.1
Real estate and rental and leasing	3.0	3.2	3.0	2.9	2.6
Professional and business services	5.4	5.3	4.6	4.4	4.6
Private education and health services	3.1	3.2	3.1	2.9	2.8
Private educational services	2.1	2.5	2.3	2.2	2.2
Health care and social assistance	3.3	3.4	3.3	3.0	2.9
Leisure and hospitality	7.0	6.9	6.3	5.5	5.6
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	6.6	6.3	6.2	6.1	6.1
Accommodation and food services	7.1	7.0	6.3	5.4	5.5
Other services	3.7	3.7	3.4	3.6	3.3
Government	1.5	1.7	1.5	1.4	1.5
Federal	1.6	1.5	1.3	1.1	1.8
State and local	1.5	1.7	1.5	1.5	1.4
State and local education	1.3	1.6	1.4	1.4	1.4
State and local, excluding education	1.7	1.9	1.5	1.5	1.5
REGION(2)
Northeast	3.2	3.2	3.0	3.0	3.0
South	4.3	4.4	4.1	3.5	3.4
Midwest	4.0	3.8	3.6	3.4	3.5
West	3.8	3.9	3.4	3.3	3.3
Footnotes (1) The annual average total separations rate is equal to the sum of the 12 monthly total separations levels as a percent of the sum of the 12 monthly CES employment levels. (2) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.

Table 21. Annual quits levels by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1) [in thousands]

Industry and region	2021	2022	2023	2024	2025
Total	47,558	50,503	44,205	39,285	38,029
INDUSTRY
Total private	45,205	47,790	41,847	37,024	35,774
Mining and logging	119	154	177	138	155
Construction	2,125	2,211	1,967	1,730	1,741
Manufacturing	3,488	3,559	3,022	2,486	2,099
Durable goods	1,894	1,896	1,572	1,428	1,201
Nondurable goods	1,593	1,663	1,455	1,056	900
Trade, transportation, and utilities	11,115	11,210	9,612	8,017	7,678
Wholesale trade	1,324	1,255	1,197	1,027	1,032
Retail trade	7,745	7,337	6,174	5,090	4,759
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	2,047	2,619	2,243	1,899	1,886
Information	610	612	492	512	437
Financial activities	1,586	1,815	1,553	1,390	1,493
Finance and insurance	1,050	1,187	1,001	924	1,012
Real estate and rental and leasing	534	629	554	467	481
Professional and business services	8,613	9,029	7,189	6,525	6,288
Private education and health services	6,710	7,146	6,897	6,550	6,308
Private educational services	601	731	656	609	669
Health care and social assistance	6,114	6,414	6,241	5,944	5,639
Leisure and hospitality	9,314	10,344	9,443	7,902	7,959
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	840	903	981	880	713
Accommodation and food services	8,475	9,442	8,462	7,023	7,243
Other services	1,527	1,713	1,495	1,773	1,618
Government	2,355	2,711	2,359	2,264	2,254
Federal	260	254	210	181	280
State and local	2,093	2,460	2,149	2,081	1,975
State and local education	992	1,230	1,145	1,104	1,041
State and local, excluding education	1,101	1,229	1,005	976	935
REGION(2)
Northeast	6,378	6,870	5,883	5,635	5,437
South	19,992	21,857	19,668	16,581	15,438
Midwest	10,352	10,177	9,123	8,293	8,685
West	10,836	11,597	9,533	8,774	8,470
Footnotes (1) The annual quits level is the sum of the 12 monthly quits levels. (2) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.

Table 22. Annual average quits rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1) [percent]

Industry and region	2021	2022	2023	2024	2025
Total	2.7	2.8	2.4	2.1	2.0
INDUSTRY
Total private	3.0	3.1	2.6	2.3	2.2
Mining and logging	1.8	2.1	2.3	1.8	2.1
Construction	2.4	2.4	2.0	1.8	1.8
Manufacturing	2.4	2.3	2.0	1.6	1.4
Durable goods	2.1	2.0	1.6	1.5	1.3
Nondurable goods	2.8	2.9	2.5	1.8	1.6
Trade, transportation, and utilities	3.3	3.3	2.8	2.3	2.2
Wholesale trade	1.9	1.7	1.6	1.4	1.4
Retail trade	4.2	3.9	3.3	2.7	2.6
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	2.5	3.0	2.6	2.2	2.2
Information	1.8	1.7	1.4	1.5	1.3
Financial activities	1.5	1.7	1.4	1.3	1.4
Finance and insurance	1.3	1.5	1.2	1.1	1.3
Real estate and rental and leasing	2.0	2.2	1.9	1.6	1.6
Professional and business services	3.4	3.3	2.6	2.4	2.3
Private education and health services	2.4	2.4	2.3	2.1	1.9
Private educational services	1.4	1.6	1.4	1.3	1.4
Health care and social assistance	2.5	2.6	2.4	2.2	2.0
Leisure and hospitality	5.5	5.4	4.8	3.9	3.9
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	3.5	3.3	3.3	2.8	2.2
Accommodation and food services	5.8	5.8	5.0	4.1	4.2
Other services	2.3	2.5	2.1	2.5	2.2
Government	0.9	1.0	0.9	0.8	0.8
Federal	0.8	0.7	0.6	0.5	0.8
State and local	0.9	1.1	0.9	0.9	0.8
State and local education	0.8	1.0	0.9	0.9	0.8
State and local, excluding education	1.0	1.1	0.9	0.8	0.8
REGION(2)
Northeast	2.0	2.1	1.8	1.7	1.6
South	3.1	3.2	2.8	2.3	2.2
Midwest	2.8	2.6	2.3	2.1	2.2
West	2.6	2.7	2.2	2.0	1.9
Footnotes (1) The annual average quits rate is equal to the sum of the 12 monthly quits levels as a percent of the sum of the 12 monthly CES employment levels. (2) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.

Table 23. Annual layoffs and discharges levels by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1) [in thousands]

Industry and region	2021	2022	2023	2024	2025
Total	17,104	17,644	19,847	20,014	21,239
INDUSTRY
Total private	16,213	16,669	18,850	19,043	20,216
Mining and logging	73	57	82	86	80
Construction	1,869	1,740	2,068	1,966	2,059
Manufacturing	1,204	1,249	1,464	1,420	1,369
Durable goods	649	645	772	787	791
Nondurable goods	558	602	694	632	580
Trade, transportation, and utilities	3,270	3,250	3,867	3,902	3,961
Wholesale trade	478	572	583	583	552
Retail trade	1,785	1,618	1,882	1,998	1,978
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	1,009	1,057	1,401	1,322	1,432
Information	360	451	399	395	447
Financial activities	525	591	602	721	705
Finance and insurance	318	375	331	393	452
Real estate and rental and leasing	209	218	272	329	251
Professional and business services	4,261	4,384	4,741	4,753	5,497
Private education and health services	1,613	1,795	2,105	2,186	2,310
Private educational services	246	315	330	383	346
Health care and social assistance	1,370	1,480	1,775	1,800	1,960
Leisure and hospitality	2,271	2,460	2,775	2,948	3,088
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	683	837	831	995	1,219
Accommodation and food services	1,588	1,626	1,945	1,953	1,870
Other services	764	694	747	668	704
Government	889	975	999	972	1,022
Federal	121	92	87	74	100
State and local	768	880	915	897	924
State and local education	378	397	461	469	437
State and local, excluding education	391	485	450	429	484
REGION(2)
Northeast	3,016	2,918	3,456	3,674	3,985
South	6,594	6,780	7,544	7,255	7,489
Midwest	3,625	3,818	4,297	4,322	4,635
West	3,862	4,127	4,553	4,763	5,132
Footnotes (1) The annual layoffs and discharges level is the sum of the 12 monthly layoffs and discharges levels. (2) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.

Table 24. Annual average layoffs and discharges rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1) [percent]

Industry and region	2021	2022	2023	2024	2025
Total	1.0	1.0	1.1	1.1	1.1
INDUSTRY
Total private	1.1	1.1	1.2	1.2	1.2
Mining and logging	1.1	0.8	1.1	1.1	1.1
Construction	2.1	1.9	2.2	2.0	2.1
Manufacturing	0.8	0.8	0.9	0.9	0.9
Durable goods	0.7	0.7	0.8	0.8	0.8
Nondurable goods	1.0	1.0	1.2	1.1	1.0
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1.0	0.9	1.1	1.1	1.1
Wholesale trade	0.7	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8
Retail trade	1.0	0.9	1.0	1.1	1.1
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	1.3	1.2	1.6	1.5	1.6
Information	1.0	1.2	1.1	1.1	1.3
Financial activities	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.7	0.6
Finance and insurance	0.4	0.5	0.4	0.5	0.6
Real estate and rental and leasing	0.8	0.8	0.9	1.1	0.9
Professional and business services	1.7	1.6	1.7	1.8	2.0
Private education and health services	0.6	0.6	0.7	0.7	0.7
Private educational services	0.6	0.7	0.7	0.8	0.7
Health care and social assistance	0.6	0.6	0.7	0.7	0.7
Leisure and hospitality	1.3	1.3	1.4	1.5	1.5
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	2.9	3.0	2.8	3.2	3.8
Accommodation and food services	1.1	1.0	1.2	1.1	1.1
Other services	1.2	1.0	1.1	0.9	1.0
Government	0.3	0.4	0.4	0.3	0.4
Federal	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.3
State and local	0.3	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4
State and local education	0.3	0.3	0.4	0.4	0.3
State and local, excluding education	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4
REGION(2)
Northeast	1.0	0.9	1.0	1.1	1.2
South	1.0	1.0	1.1	1.0	1.0
Midwest	1.0	1.0	1.1	1.1	1.2
West	0.9	1.0	1.0	1.1	1.2
Footnotes (1) The annual average layoffs and discharges rate is equal to the sum of the 12 monthly layoffs and discharges levels as a percent of the sum of the 12 monthly CES employment levels. (2) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.

Table 25. Annual other separations levels by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1) [in thousands]

Industry and region	2021	2022	2023	2024	2025
Total	4,242	4,102	3,852	3,755	3,531
INDUSTRY
Total private	3,515	3,309	3,206	3,022	2,684
Mining and logging	17	15	19	20	17
Construction	169	180	157	202	166
Manufacturing	283	340	252	254	229
Durable goods	178	227	154	158	148
Nondurable goods	106	111	98	95	82
Trade, transportation, and utilities	668	658	690	635	511
Wholesale trade	102	137	101	123	89
Retail trade	377	294	383	349	249
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	188	226	208	157	171
Information	104	90	121	63	79
Financial activities	413	307	228	255	298
Finance and insurance	357	250	166	198	248
Real estate and rental and leasing	58	57	64	58	47
Professional and business services	903	868	761	660	613
Private education and health services	485	460	536	516	478
Private educational services	57	74	58	56	67
Health care and social assistance	432	384	476	462	410
Leisure and hospitality	338	269	276	270	236
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	38	26	47	47	45
Accommodation and food services	302	244	231	224	190
Other services	134	124	164	145	63
Government	728	793	647	732	848
Federal	162	163	151	130	244
State and local	566	632	494	604	600
State and local education	235	310	231	264	286
State and local, excluding education	334	321	263	338	319
REGION(2)
Northeast	695	655	746	633	607
South	1,679	1,623	1,480	1,382	1,276
Midwest	885	781	753	812	709
West	985	1,048	872	927	936
Footnotes (1) The annual other separations level is the sum of the 12 monthly other separations levels. (2) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.

Table 26. Annual average other separations rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1) [percent]

Industry and region	2021	2022	2023	2024	2025
Total	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
INDUSTRY
Total private	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mining and logging	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.2
Construction	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
Manufacturing	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
Durable goods	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nondurable goods	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.1
Trade, transportation, and utilities	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.1
Wholesale trade	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.1
Retail trade	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.1
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2
Information	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.2
Financial activities	0.4	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.3
Finance and insurance	0.5	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.3
Real estate and rental and leasing	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
Professional and business services	0.4	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.2
Private education and health services	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.1
Private educational services	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.1
Health care and social assistance	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.1
Leisure and hospitality	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.1
Accommodation and food services	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other services	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.1
Government	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.3
Federal	0.5	0.5	0.4	0.4	0.7
State and local	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2
State and local education	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2
State and local, excluding education	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.3
REGION(2)
Northeast	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
South	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
Midwest	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
West	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
Footnotes (1) The annual average other separations rate is equal to the sum of the 12 monthly other separations levels as a percent of the sum of the 12 monthly CES employment levels. (2) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.