Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey News Release

For release 10:00 a.m. (ET) Tuesday, March 29, 2022	USDL-22-0553
Technical information:	(202) 691-5870  •  JoltsInfo@bls.gov  •  www.bls.gov/jlt
Media contact:		(202) 691-5902  •  PressOffice@bls.gov

			    JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – FEBRUARY 2022

The number of job openings was little changed at 11.3 million on the last business day of February, the 
U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Hires edged up to 6.7 million while total separations 
were little changed at 6.1 million. Within separations, the quits rate was little changed at 2.9 percent and 
the layoffs and discharges rate was unchanged at 0.9 percent. This release includes estimates of the 
number and rate of job openings, hires, and separations for the total nonfarm sector, by industry, by four 
geographic regions, and by establishment size class. 
    
Job Openings

On the last business day of February, the number and rate of job openings were little changed at 11.3 
million and 7.0 percent, respectively. Job openings decreased in finance and insurance (-63,000) and in 
nondurable goods manufacturing (-39,000). Job openings increased in arts, entertainment, and recreation 
(+32,000); educational services (+26,000); and federal government (+23,000). Job openings decreased 
in the Midwest region and increased in the West region. (See table 1.)

Hires

In February, the number of hires edged up to 6.7 million (+263,000). The hires rate was little changed at 
4.4 percent. Hires increased in construction (+75,000). Hires decreased in information (-29,000). The 
number of hires was little changed in all four regions. (See table 2.)

Separations

Total separations includes quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Quits are generally 
voluntary separations initiated by the employee. Therefore, the quits rate can serve as a measure of 
workers’ willingness or ability to leave jobs. Layoffs and discharges are involuntary separations initiated 
by the employer. Other separations includes separations due to retirement, death, disability, and transfers 
to other locations of the same firm.

In February, the number and rate of total separations were little changed at 6.1 million and 4.1 percent, 
respectively. Total separations decreased in information (-45,000) and in finance and insurance
(-41,000). The number of total separations was little changed in all four regions. (See table 3.)

In February, the number and rate of quits were little changed at 4.4 million and 2.9 percent, 
respectively. Quits increased in retail trade (+74,000); durable goods manufacturing (+22,000); and state 
and local government education (+14,000). Quits decreased in finance and insurance (-30,000). The 
number of quits was little changed in all four regions. (See table 4.)

In February, the number of layoffs and discharges was little changed at 1.4 million. The rate was 
unchanged at 0.9 percent. Layoffs and discharges decreased in information (-60,000). The number of 
layoffs and discharges was little changed in all four regions. (See table 5.)

The number of other separations was little changed in February at 355,000. Other separations increased 
in retail trade (+20,000) and in information (+9,000). The other separations level decreased in finance 
and insurance (-19,000); transportation, warehousing, and utilities (-16,000); and real estate and rental 
and leasing (-6,000). Other separations were little changed in all four regions. (See table 6.) 

Net Change in Employment

Large numbers of hires and separations occur every month throughout the business cycle. Net 
employment change results from the relationship between hires and separations. When the number of 
hires exceeds the number of separations, employment rises, even if the hires level is steady or declining. 
Conversely, when the number of hires is less than the number of separations, employment declines, even 
if the hires level is steady or rising.

Over the 12 months ending in February 2022, hires totaled 77.0 million and separations totaled 70.6 
million, yielding a net employment gain of 6.4 million. These totals include workers who may have been 
hired and separated more than once during the year.

Establishment Size Class

In February, the quits rate increased in large establishments with 1,000 to 4,999 employees. For a more 
in-depth description of the JOLTS establishment size class estimates, please visit 
www.bls.gov/jlt/sizeclassmethodology.htm.

____________
The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey estimates for March 2022 are scheduled to be 
released on Tuesday, May 3, 2022 at 10:00 a.m. (ET).

Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted

Category	Job openings			Hires			Total separations
	Feb. 2021	Jan. 2022	Feb. 2022(p)	Feb. 2021	Jan. 2022	Feb. 2022(p)	Feb. 2021	Jan. 2022	Feb. 2022(p)
LEVELS BY INDUSTRY (in thousands)
Total	7,860	11,283	11,266	6,028	6,426	6,689	5,400	6,044	6,092
Total private	7,129	10,235	10,185	5,699	6,019	6,267	5,082	5,673	5,693
Mining and logging	20	37	34	16	20	24	18	18	16
Construction	257	383	381	382	323	398	429	325	344
Manufacturing	577	859	808	419	467	482	378	457	458
Durable goods	301	500	486	235	250	269	203	246	256
Nondurable goods	276	360	321	184	217	214	175	211	202
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,473	1,832	1,863	1,231	1,371	1,491	1,112	1,308	1,361
Wholesale trade	223	294	313	153	170	171	145	161	158
Retail trade	854	1,029	1,061	783	898	1,003	743	865	950
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	396	510	489	295	303	317	224	282	252
Information	111	217	207	97	116	87	79	122	77
Financial activities	310	502	450	199	236	214	197	233	177
Finance and insurance	237	376	313	134	161	142	136	163	122
Real estate and rental and leasing	73	126	137	65	75	72	61	70	55
Professional and business services	1,497	2,078	2,088	1,227	1,242	1,292	1,137	1,133	1,205
Education and health services	1,617	2,146	2,226	740	832	883	650	805	793
Educational services	117	178	204	91	103	110	68	89	94
Health care and social assistance	1,500	1,968	2,022	649	730	774	582	716	699
Leisure and hospitality	986	1,698	1,705	1,145	1,202	1,162	859	1,052	1,051
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	156	175	207	129	165	159	93	143	132
Accommodation and food services	830	1,523	1,498	1,015	1,037	1,003	766	909	919
Other services	281	483	422	244	210	233	223	219	211
Government	732	1,048	1,081	329	407	422	318	371	399
Federal	105	125	148	41	41	41	37	44	42
State and local	626	924	933	288	366	381	282	327	356
State and local education	223	373	386	141	200	191	138	160	182
State and local, excluding education	404	551	547	147	166	190	144	167	175
RATES BY INDUSTRY (percent)
Total	5.2	7.0	7.0	4.2	4.3	4.4	3.8	4.0	4.1
Total private	5.5	7.4	7.4	4.7	4.7	4.9	4.2	4.4	4.4
Mining and logging	3.5	5.8	5.4	3.0	3.4	4.1	3.3	3.1	2.7
Construction	3.4	4.8	4.8	5.2	4.3	5.2	5.9	4.3	4.5
Manufacturing	4.5	6.4	6.0	3.4	3.7	3.8	3.1	3.6	3.6
Durable goods	3.8	6.0	5.8	3.1	3.2	3.4	2.7	3.1	3.3
Nondurable goods	5.6	7.0	6.3	4.0	4.6	4.5	3.8	4.5	4.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	5.1	6.1	6.2	4.5	4.8	5.2	4.1	4.6	4.8
Wholesale trade	3.8	4.8	5.1	2.7	3.0	3.0	2.6	2.8	2.7
Retail trade	5.3	6.2	6.3	5.1	5.7	6.4	4.9	5.5	6.1
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	5.7	6.9	6.6	4.6	4.4	4.6	3.4	4.1	3.6
Information	3.9	6.9	6.6	3.5	4.0	3.0	2.9	4.2	2.6
Financial activities	3.4	5.4	4.8	2.3	2.7	2.4	2.3	2.6	2.0
Finance and insurance	3.5	5.4	4.5	2.1	2.5	2.2	2.1	2.5	1.9
Real estate and rental and leasing	3.2	5.2	5.5	2.9	3.3	3.1	2.7	3.0	2.3
Professional and business services	6.7	8.7	8.7	5.9	5.7	5.9	5.4	5.2	5.5
Education and health services	6.4	8.2	8.5	3.2	3.5	3.7	2.8	3.4	3.3
Educational services	3.3	4.6	5.2	2.6	2.8	2.9	2.0	2.4	2.5
Health care and social assistance	7.0	8.9	9.0	3.2	3.6	3.8	2.9	3.5	3.4
Leisure and hospitality	6.9	10.0	9.9	8.6	7.9	7.5	6.5	6.9	6.8
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	8.0	7.3	8.5	7.2	7.5	7.1	5.2	6.5	5.9
Accommodation and food services	6.7	10.4	10.2	8.8	7.9	7.6	6.7	7.0	7.0
Other services	5.0	7.9	7.0	4.6	3.7	4.1	4.2	3.9	3.8
Government	3.2	4.5	4.6	1.5	1.8	1.9	1.5	1.7	1.8
Federal	3.5	4.2	4.9	1.4	1.4	1.4	1.3	1.5	1.5
State and local	3.2	4.6	4.6	1.5	1.9	2.0	1.5	1.7	1.8
State and local education	2.2	3.5	3.6	1.4	1.9	1.8	1.4	1.6	1.8
State and local, excluding education	4.3	5.8	5.7	1.6	1.8	2.1	1.6	1.9	1.9
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Technical Note

This news release presents statistics from the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The JOLTS 
program provides information on labor demand and turnover. Additional information about the JOLTS program can 
be found at www.bls.gov/jlt/. Estimates are published for job openings, hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, 
other separations, and total separations. The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments, as well as 
federal, state, and local government entities in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Industries are classified in 
accordance with the North American Industry Classification System.

Definitions

Employment.  Employment includes persons on the payroll who worked or received pay for the pay period that 
includes the 12th day of the reference month. Full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term, seasonal, salaried, and 
hourly employees are included, as are employees on paid vacation or other paid leave. Proprietors or partners of 
unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, or employees on strike for the entire pay period, and employees 
on leave without pay for the entire pay period are not counted as employed. Employees of temporary help agencies, 
employee leasing companies, outside contractors, and consultants are counted by their employer of record, not by 
the establishment where they are working.

Job Openings.  Job openings include all positions that are open on the last business day of the reference month. 

A job is open only if it meets all three of these conditions: 
* A specific position exists and there is work available for that position. The position can be full-time or part-
time, and it can be permanent, short-term, or seasonal. 
* The job could start within 30 days, whether or not the employer can find a suitable candidate during that time. 
* The employer is actively recruiting workers from outside the establishment to fill the position. Active 
recruiting means that the establishment is taking steps to fill a position. It may include advertising in 
newspapers, on television, or on the radio; posting Internet notices, posting “help wanted” signs, 
networking or making “word-of-mouth” announcements; accepting applications; interviewing candidates; 
contacting employment agencies; or soliciting employees at job fairs, state or local employment offices, or 
similar sources.

Excluded are positions open only to internal transfers, promotions or demotions, or recall from layoffs. Also 
excluded are openings for positions with start dates more than 30 days in the future, positions for which employees 
have been hired but the employees have not yet reported for work, and positions to be filled by employees of 
temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The job openings rate is 
computed by dividing the number of job openings by the sum of employment and job openings and multiplying that 
quotient by 100.

Hires.  Hires include all additions to the payroll during the entire reference month, including newly hired and 
rehired employees; full-time and part-time employees; permanent, short-term, and seasonal employees; employees 
who were recalled to a job at the location following a layoff (formal suspension from pay status) lasting more than 7 
days; on-call or intermittent employees who returned to work after having been formally separated; workers who 
were hired and separated during the month, and transfers from other locations. Excluded are transfers or promotions 
within the reporting location, employees returning from strike, employees of temporary help agencies, employee 
leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The hires rate is computed by dividing the number of hires by 
employment and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Separations.  Separations include all separations from the payroll during the entire reference month and is 
reported by type of separation: quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Quits include employees who 
left voluntarily with the exception of retirements or transfers to other locations. Layoffs and discharges includes 
involuntary separations initiated by the employer including layoffs with no intent to rehire; layoffs (formal 
suspensions from pay status) lasting or expected to last more than 7 days; discharges resulting from mergers, 
downsizing, or closings; firings or other discharges for cause; terminations of permanent or short-term employees; 
and terminations of seasonal employees (whether or not they are expected to return the next season). Other 
separations include retirements, transfers to other locations, separations due to employee disability; and deaths. 
Excluded from separations are transfers within the same location; employees on strike; employees of temporary help 
agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The separations rate is computed by 
dividing the number of separations by employment and multiplying that quotient by 100. The quits, layoffs and 
discharges, and other separations rates are computed similarly.

Estimation Method

The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random sample of 20,700 nonfarm business and government 
establishments. The sample is stratified by ownership, region, industry sector, and establishment size class. The 
establishments are drawn from a universe of over 9.4 million establishments compiled by the Quarterly Census of 
Employment and Wages (QCEW) program which includes all employers subject to state unemployment insurance 
laws and federal agencies subject to the Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees program.

Employment estimates are benchmarked, or ratio adjusted, monthly to the strike-adjusted employment estimates 
of the Current Employment Statistics (CES) survey. A ratio of CES to JOLTS employment is used to adjust the 
levels for all other JOLTS data elements.

Birth/death model.  The time lag from the start up, or birth, of an establishment until its appearance on the 
sampling frame is approximately one year. Also within the first year, new businesses may go out of business, 
referred to as a death. Because not all births and deaths of establishments can be reflected on the sampling frame 
immediately, the JOLTS sample cannot capture job openings, hires, and separations from them during their early 
existence. BLS has developed a birth/death model that uses establishment birth and death activity from previous 
years. The estimates of job openings, hires, and separations produced by the birth/death model are added to the 
sample-based estimates produced from the survey to arrive at the estimates for job openings, hires, and separations.

Alignment.  The JOLTS figure for hires minus separations can be used to derive a measure of net employment 
change. This change should be comparable to the net employment change from the much larger CES survey. 
However, definitional differences as well as sampling and non- sampling errors between the two surveys historically 
caused JOLTS to diverge from CES over time. To limit the divergence, and improve the quality of the JOLTS hires 
and separations series, BLS implemented the monthly alignment method. There are four steps to this method: 
seasonally adjust, align, back out the seasonal adjustment factors, and re-seasonally adjust.

Seasonal adjustment.  BLS uses X-13 ARIMA for seasonal adjustment. A concurrent seasonal adjustment 
methodology is used in which new seasonal adjustment factors are calculated each month, using all relevant data, up 
to and including current month data. JOLTS seasonal adjustment includes both additive and multiplicative models 
and REGARIMA (regression with auto-correlated errors) modeling to improve the seasonal adjustment factors at the 
beginning and end of the series and to detect and adjust for outliers in the series. The seasonally adjusted CES 
employment trends are applied to the seasonally adjusted JOLTS implied employment trends (hires minus 
separations) forcing them to be approximately the same, while preserving the seasonality of the JOLTS data. 

Annual estimates.  The JOLTS estimates are revised annually to reflect annual updates to the CES employment 
estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors. The JOLTS employment levels (not published) are ratio-
adjusted to the CES employment levels, and the resulting ratios are applied to all JOLTS data elements. The 
seasonally adjusted data are recalculated for the most recent 5 years in order to reflect updated seasonal adjustment 
factors. These annual updates result in revisions to both the seasonally adjusted and not seasonally adjusted JOLTS 
data series, for the period since the last benchmark was established.

Annual levels for hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total separations are the sum of the 
12 published monthly levels. Annual rates are computed by dividing the annual level by the Current Employment 
Statistics (CES) annual average employment level, and multiplying that quotient by 100. This figure will be 
approximately equal to the sum of the 12 monthly rates. Consistent with BLS practice, annual estimates are 
published only for not seasonally adjusted data and are released with the January news release each year. Annual 
estimates are not calculated for job openings because job openings are a stock, or point-in-time, measurement for the 
last business day of each month.

Reliability of the estimates

JOLTS estimates are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. Nonsampling error occurs when a sample 
is surveyed rather than the entire population. There is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the true 
population values they represent. The difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the particular sample 
selected. This variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. BLS analysis is generally conducted at 
the 90-percent level of confidence. That means that there is a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that an 
estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value because of 
sampling error. Sampling error estimates are available at www.bls.gov/jlt/jolts_median_standard_errors.htm.

The JOLTS estimates also are affected by nonsampling error. Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons 
including: the failure to include a segment of the population; the inability to obtain data from all units in the sample; 
the inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide data on a timely basis; mistakes made by respondents; errors 
made in the collection or processing of the data; and errors from the employment benchmark data used in estimation.

Other information

If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access telecommunications relay 
services.

Table 1. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Feb. 2021	Oct. 2021	Nov. 2021	Dec. 2021	Jan. 2022	Feb. 2022(p)	Feb. 2021	Oct. 2021	Nov. 2021	Dec. 2021	Jan. 2022	Feb. 2022(p)
Total	7,860	11,094	10,922	11,448	11,283	11,266	5.2	7.0	6.8	7.1	7.0	7.0
INDUSTRY
Total private	7,129	10,158	9,935	10,343	10,235	10,185	5.5	7.5	7.3	7.5	7.4	7.4
Mining and logging	20	29	35	34	37	34	3.5	4.7	5.6	5.5	5.8	5.4
Construction	257	392	366	359	383	381	3.4	5.0	4.7	4.6	4.8	4.8
Manufacturing	577	923	806	746	859	808	4.5	6.9	6.0	5.6	6.4	6.0
Durable goods	301	529	499	422	500	486	3.8	6.4	6.0	5.1	6.0	5.8
Nondurable goods	276	394	307	324	360	321	5.6	7.7	6.1	6.4	7.0	6.3
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,473	1,968	1,913	1,942	1,832	1,863	5.1	6.6	6.4	6.4	6.1	6.2
Wholesale trade	223	345	318	295	294	313	3.8	5.7	5.3	4.9	4.8	5.1
Retail trade	854	1,038	1,036	1,036	1,029	1,061	5.3	6.3	6.2	6.2	6.2	6.3
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	396	585	559	611	510	489	5.7	8.0	7.6	8.2	6.9	6.6
Information	111	179	193	232	217	207	3.9	5.8	6.2	7.4	6.9	6.6
Financial activities	310	445	492	470	502	450	3.4	4.8	5.3	5.0	5.4	4.8
Finance and insurance	237	338	372	355	376	313	3.5	4.9	5.4	5.1	5.4	4.5
Real estate and rental and leasing	73	107	119	115	126	137	3.2	4.5	4.9	4.8	5.2	5.5
Professional and business services	1,497	2,043	1,904	2,021	2,078	2,088	6.7	8.6	8.1	8.5	8.7	8.7
Education and health services	1,617	2,097	2,125	2,187	2,146	2,226	6.4	8.1	8.2	8.4	8.2	8.5
Educational services	117	192	205	217	178	204	3.3	5.0	5.3	5.5	4.6	5.2
Health care and social assistance	1,500	1,905	1,920	1,970	1,968	2,022	7.0	8.6	8.7	8.9	8.9	9.0
Leisure and hospitality	986	1,632	1,666	1,990	1,698	1,705	6.9	10.0	10.0	11.7	10.0	9.9
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	156	184	196	205	175	207	8.0	8.0	8.3	8.6	7.3	8.5
Accommodation and food services	830	1,448	1,470	1,785	1,523	1,498	6.7	10.3	10.3	12.2	10.4	10.2
Other services	281	451	435	362	483	422	5.0	7.5	7.2	6.1	7.9	7.0
Government	732	935	987	1,105	1,048	1,081	3.2	4.1	4.3	4.8	4.5	4.6
Federal	105	127	151	167	125	148	3.5	4.2	5.0	5.5	4.2	4.9
State and local	626	808	836	938	924	933	3.2	4.0	4.2	4.6	4.6	4.6
State and local education	223	313	329	361	373	386	2.2	3.0	3.1	3.4	3.5	3.6
State and local, excluding education	404	496	507	577	551	547	4.3	5.2	5.3	6.0	5.8	5.7
REGION(3)
Northeast	1,297	1,777	1,880	1,923	1,952	1,862	4.8	6.3	6.6	6.8	6.8	6.5
South	3,160	4,269	4,137	4,330	4,237	4,311	5.6	7.2	7.0	7.2	7.1	7.1
Midwest	1,661	2,515	2,410	2,530	2,587	2,413	5.1	7.3	7.0	7.3	7.4	6.9
West	1,742	2,533	2,495	2,664	2,507	2,679	4.9	6.8	6.7	7.1	6.7	7.1
Footnotes (1) Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. (2) The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 2. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Feb. 2021	Oct. 2021	Nov. 2021	Dec. 2021	Jan. 2022	Feb. 2022(p)	Feb. 2021	Oct. 2021	Nov. 2021	Dec. 2021	Jan. 2022	Feb. 2022(p)
Total	6,028	6,460	6,705	6,450	6,426	6,689	4.2	4.4	4.5	4.3	4.3	4.4
INDUSTRY
Total private	5,699	6,104	6,305	6,062	6,019	6,267	4.7	4.8	5.0	4.8	4.7	4.9
Mining and logging	16	21	19	20	20	24	3.0	3.6	3.3	3.5	3.4	4.1
Construction	382	362	428	361	323	398	5.2	4.9	5.7	4.8	4.3	5.2
Manufacturing	419	481	465	457	467	482	3.4	3.9	3.7	3.6	3.7	3.8
Durable goods	235	271	256	258	250	269	3.1	3.5	3.3	3.3	3.2	3.4
Nondurable goods	184	210	209	199	217	214	4.0	4.5	4.4	4.2	4.6	4.5
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,231	1,354	1,406	1,377	1,371	1,491	4.5	4.8	5.0	4.9	4.8	5.2
Wholesale trade	153	171	194	170	170	171	2.7	3.0	3.4	3.0	3.0	3.0
Retail trade	783	867	905	901	898	1,003	5.1	5.6	5.8	5.8	5.7	6.4
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	295	315	307	306	303	317	4.6	4.7	4.5	4.5	4.4	4.6
Information	97	119	114	111	116	87	3.5	4.1	3.9	3.8	4.0	3.0
Financial activities	199	218	233	229	236	214	2.3	2.5	2.6	2.6	2.7	2.4
Finance and insurance	134	137	153	145	161	142	2.1	2.1	2.3	2.2	2.5	2.2
Real estate and rental and leasing	65	80	81	84	75	72	2.9	3.5	3.5	3.6	3.3	3.1
Professional and business services	1,227	1,310	1,295	1,212	1,242	1,292	5.9	6.1	6.0	5.6	5.7	5.9
Education and health services	740	826	867	846	832	883	3.2	3.5	3.6	3.5	3.5	3.7
Educational services	91	118	109	102	103	110	2.6	3.2	3.0	2.8	2.8	2.9
Health care and social assistance	649	708	758	744	730	774	3.2	3.5	3.8	3.7	3.6	3.8
Leisure and hospitality	1,145	1,179	1,216	1,192	1,202	1,162	8.6	8.0	8.2	7.9	7.9	7.5
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	129	156	162	165	165	159	7.2	7.3	7.5	7.5	7.5	7.1
Accommodation and food services	1,015	1,023	1,054	1,027	1,037	1,003	8.8	8.1	8.3	8.0	7.9	7.6
Other services	244	234	262	256	210	233	4.6	4.2	4.7	4.6	3.7	4.1
Government	329	356	400	388	407	422	1.5	1.6	1.8	1.8	1.8	1.9
Federal	41	46	45	45	41	41	1.4	1.6	1.6	1.6	1.4	1.4
State and local	288	310	355	344	366	381	1.5	1.6	1.8	1.8	1.9	2.0
State and local education	141	155	197	183	200	191	1.4	1.5	1.9	1.8	1.9	1.8
State and local, excluding education	147	156	158	161	166	190	1.6	1.7	1.8	1.8	1.8	2.1
REGION(3)
Northeast	942	991	1,001	999	1,007	1,060	3.7	3.8	3.8	3.8	3.8	4.0
South	2,339	2,677	2,814	2,650	2,611	2,782	4.4	4.9	5.1	4.8	4.7	5.0
Midwest	1,377	1,342	1,380	1,396	1,318	1,282	4.4	4.2	4.3	4.3	4.1	3.9
West	1,370	1,450	1,510	1,406	1,490	1,565	4.1	4.2	4.4	4.0	4.3	4.5
Footnotes (1) Hires are the number of hires during the entire month. (2) The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 3. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Feb. 2021	Oct. 2021	Nov. 2021	Dec. 2021	Jan. 2022	Feb. 2022(p)	Feb. 2021	Oct. 2021	Nov. 2021	Dec. 2021	Jan. 2022	Feb. 2022(p)
Total	5,400	5,852	6,197	6,042	6,044	6,092	3.8	4.0	4.2	4.1	4.0	4.1
INDUSTRY
Total private	5,082	5,442	5,810	5,648	5,673	5,693	4.2	4.3	4.6	4.4	4.4	4.4
Mining and logging	18	18	15	17	18	16	3.3	3.1	2.6	2.9	3.1	2.7
Construction	429	339	374	329	325	344	5.9	4.5	5.0	4.4	4.3	4.5
Manufacturing	378	417	418	434	457	458	3.1	3.3	3.3	3.5	3.6	3.6
Durable goods	203	224	243	244	246	256	2.7	2.9	3.1	3.1	3.1	3.3
Nondurable goods	175	193	175	190	211	202	3.8	4.1	3.7	4.0	4.5	4.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,112	1,262	1,338	1,330	1,308	1,361	4.1	4.5	4.8	4.7	4.6	4.8
Wholesale trade	145	162	167	142	161	158	2.6	2.8	2.9	2.5	2.8	2.7
Retail trade	743	847	899	916	865	950	4.9	5.4	5.8	5.9	5.5	6.1
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	224	253	272	272	282	252	3.4	3.7	4.0	4.0	4.1	3.6
Information	79	101	93	112	122	77	2.9	3.5	3.2	3.8	4.2	2.6
Financial activities	197	195	201	206	233	177	2.3	2.2	2.3	2.3	2.6	2.0
Finance and insurance	136	130	140	135	163	122	2.1	2.0	2.1	2.1	2.5	1.9
Real estate and rental and leasing	61	65	61	70	70	55	2.7	2.8	2.7	3.0	3.0	2.3
Professional and business services	1,137	1,095	1,227	1,150	1,133	1,205	5.4	5.1	5.6	5.3	5.2	5.5
Education and health services	650	759	857	800	805	793	2.8	3.2	3.6	3.3	3.4	3.3
Educational services	68	84	90	84	89	94	2.0	2.3	2.4	2.3	2.4	2.5
Health care and social assistance	582	674	767	716	716	699	2.9	3.3	3.8	3.5	3.5	3.4
Leisure and hospitality	859	1,028	1,072	1,029	1,052	1,051	6.5	7.0	7.2	6.8	6.9	6.8
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	93	137	132	123	143	132	5.2	6.4	6.1	5.6	6.5	5.9
Accommodation and food services	766	891	939	906	909	919	6.7	7.1	7.4	7.0	7.0	7.0
Other services	223	228	215	241	219	211	4.2	4.1	3.9	4.3	3.9	3.8
Government	318	410	387	395	371	399	1.5	1.9	1.7	1.8	1.7	1.8
Federal	37	52	41	57	44	42	1.3	1.8	1.4	2.0	1.5	1.5
State and local	282	358	345	338	327	356	1.5	1.9	1.8	1.8	1.7	1.8
State and local education	138	171	172	174	160	182	1.4	1.7	1.7	1.7	1.6	1.8
State and local, excluding education	144	187	173	163	167	175	1.6	2.1	1.9	1.8	1.9	1.9
REGION(3)
Northeast	866	872	922	815	881	905	3.4	3.3	3.5	3.1	3.3	3.4
South	2,144	2,431	2,550	2,507	2,413	2,442	4.0	4.4	4.6	4.5	4.3	4.4
Midwest	1,205	1,227	1,344	1,341	1,254	1,293	3.9	3.8	4.2	4.1	3.9	4.0
West	1,185	1,322	1,381	1,380	1,497	1,452	3.5	3.8	4.0	4.0	4.3	4.1
Footnotes (1) Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month. (2) The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 4. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Feb. 2021	Oct. 2021	Nov. 2021	Dec. 2021	Jan. 2022	Feb. 2022(p)	Feb. 2021	Oct. 2021	Nov. 2021	Dec. 2021	Jan. 2022	Feb. 2022(p)
Total	3,439	4,132	4,510	4,403	4,258	4,352	2.4	2.8	3.0	3.0	2.8	2.9
INDUSTRY
Total private	3,249	3,884	4,266	4,164	4,032	4,106	2.7	3.1	3.4	3.3	3.2	3.2
Mining and logging	9	11	10	13	14	13	1.7	1.9	1.7	2.1	2.3	2.1
Construction	168	189	215	185	172	169	2.3	2.5	2.9	2.5	2.3	2.2
Manufacturing	275	295	307	322	315	337	2.2	2.4	2.4	2.6	2.5	2.7
Durable goods	149	154	185	180	165	187	2.0	2.0	2.4	2.3	2.1	2.4
Nondurable goods	125	141	122	141	150	150	2.7	3.0	2.6	3.0	3.2	3.1
Trade, transportation, and utilities	769	964	1,024	1,082	991	1,061	2.8	3.4	3.6	3.8	3.5	3.7
Wholesale trade	87	112	128	113	112	123	1.5	2.0	2.2	2.0	2.0	2.1
Retail trade	553	690	710	786	697	771	3.6	4.4	4.6	5.0	4.5	4.9
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	129	161	186	183	181	167	2.0	2.4	2.7	2.7	2.6	2.4
Information	40	59	51	61	45	50	1.4	2.0	1.8	2.1	1.5	1.7
Financial activities	120	120	132	130	164	123	1.4	1.4	1.5	1.5	1.8	1.4
Finance and insurance	81	73	85	81	113	83	1.2	1.1	1.3	1.2	1.7	1.3
Real estate and rental and leasing	39	46	48	49	51	40	1.8	2.0	2.1	2.1	2.2	1.7
Professional and business services	631	720	834	760	711	704	3.0	3.3	3.8	3.5	3.2	3.2
Education and health services	466	582	689	597	617	626	2.0	2.4	2.9	2.5	2.6	2.6
Educational services	41	56	63	57	58	54	1.2	1.5	1.7	1.5	1.6	1.4
Health care and social assistance	425	526	626	540	559	571	2.1	2.6	3.1	2.7	2.8	2.8
Leisure and hospitality	641	809	881	856	853	863	4.8	5.5	5.9	5.7	5.6	5.6
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	45	71	68	81	71	68	2.5	3.3	3.1	3.7	3.2	3.0
Accommodation and food services	596	738	813	776	782	795	5.2	5.9	6.4	6.0	6.0	6.0
Other services	130	136	123	159	152	161	2.4	2.5	2.2	2.8	2.7	2.9
Government	191	248	244	238	225	246	0.9	1.1	1.1	1.1	1.0	1.1
Federal	17	25	23	23	24	23	0.6	0.9	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8
State and local	174	223	221	215	202	223	0.9	1.2	1.2	1.1	1.0	1.2
State and local education	89	104	102	108	100	114	0.9	1.0	1.0	1.1	1.0	1.1
State and local, excluding education	85	119	119	107	101	109	0.9	1.3	1.3	1.2	1.1	1.2
REGION(3)
Northeast	450	585	608	601	580	594	1.8	2.2	2.3	2.3	2.2	2.2
South	1,421	1,731	1,883	1,820	1,748	1,752	2.7	3.1	3.4	3.3	3.1	3.1
Midwest	787	870	1,008	998	898	960	2.5	2.7	3.1	3.1	2.8	2.9
West	782	946	1,010	985	1,032	1,046	2.3	2.7	2.9	2.8	3.0	3.0
Footnotes (1) Quits are the number of quits during the entire month. (2) The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Feb. 2021	Oct. 2021	Nov. 2021	Dec. 2021	Jan. 2022	Feb. 2022(p)	Feb. 2021	Oct. 2021	Nov. 2021	Dec. 2021	Jan. 2022	Feb. 2022(p)
Total	1,641	1,342	1,295	1,262	1,403	1,386	1.1	0.9	0.9	0.8	0.9	0.9
INDUSTRY
Total private	1,572	1,265	1,228	1,183	1,327	1,307	1.3	1.0	1.0	0.9	1.0	1.0
Mining and logging	8	5	4	4	3	3	1.4	0.9	0.7	0.7	0.5	0.5
Construction	248	138	150	133	144	155	3.4	1.9	2.0	1.8	1.9	2.0
Manufacturing	78	99	81	90	115	101	0.6	0.8	0.6	0.7	0.9	0.8
Durable goods	39	54	40	49	62	54	0.5	0.7	0.5	0.6	0.8	0.7
Nondurable goods	40	45	41	41	53	47	0.9	1.0	0.9	0.9	1.1	1.0
Trade, transportation, and utilities	300	246	251	192	253	240	1.1	0.9	0.9	0.7	0.9	0.8
Wholesale trade	49	43	36	20	35	29	0.9	0.8	0.6	0.3	0.6	0.5
Retail trade	167	130	141	102	145	138	1.1	0.8	0.9	0.7	0.9	0.9
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	84	72	74	70	73	73	1.3	1.1	1.1	1.0	1.1	1.1
Information	27	31	31	38	74	14	1.0	1.1	1.1	1.3	2.5	0.5
Financial activities	48	37	28	44	33	43	0.5	0.4	0.3	0.5	0.4	0.5
Finance and insurance	27	20	16	24	20	28	0.4	0.3	0.2	0.4	0.3	0.4
Real estate and rental and leasing	21	17	13	19	13	15	0.9	0.7	0.6	0.8	0.5	0.6
Professional and business services	448	311	308	306	326	404	2.1	1.4	1.4	1.4	1.5	1.8
Education and health services	147	129	126	166	148	132	0.6	0.5	0.5	0.7	0.6	0.5
Educational services	23	22	22	20	22	30	0.7	0.6	0.6	0.5	0.6	0.8
Health care and social assistance	124	107	105	147	126	102	0.6	0.5	0.5	0.7	0.6	0.5
Leisure and hospitality	189	192	167	141	177	169	1.4	1.3	1.1	0.9	1.2	1.1
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	45	62	62	37	70	62	2.5	2.9	2.9	1.7	3.2	2.8
Accommodation and food services	144	130	106	104	107	107	1.3	1.0	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8
Other services	79	76	81	69	54	46	1.5	1.4	1.5	1.2	1.0	0.8
Government	69	77	67	79	75	79	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.4	0.3	0.4
Federal	10	10	5	19	7	7	0.4	0.3	0.2	0.7	0.2	0.2
State and local	59	67	61	60	69	72	0.3	0.4	0.3	0.3	0.4	0.4
State and local education	27	33	38	33	34	39	0.3	0.3	0.4	0.3	0.3	0.4
State and local, excluding education	33	34	24	26	35	33	0.4	0.4	0.3	0.3	0.4	0.4
REGION(3)
Northeast	365	228	240	156	230	237	1.4	0.9	0.9	0.6	0.9	0.9
South	583	540	525	550	521	546	1.1	1.0	0.9	1.0	0.9	1.0
Midwest	352	284	244	271	281	278	1.1	0.9	0.8	0.8	0.9	0.9
West	342	290	286	286	371	325	1.0	0.8	0.8	0.8	1.1	0.9
Footnotes (1) Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month. (2) The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 6. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Feb. 2021	Oct. 2021	Nov. 2021	Dec. 2021	Jan. 2022	Feb. 2022(p)	Feb. 2021	Oct. 2021	Nov. 2021	Dec. 2021	Jan. 2022	Feb. 2022(p)
Total	319	379	393	377	383	355	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.2
INDUSTRY
Total private	261	293	317	300	313	281	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mining and logging	1	2	1	1	1	1	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.1	0.3	0.1
Construction	13	12	9	12	9	20	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.3
Manufacturing	25	23	31	22	27	20	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
Durable goods	15	16	19	15	19	15	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nondurable goods	10	7	12	7	8	6	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.1
Trade, transportation, and utilities	44	53	64	56	65	60	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
Wholesale trade	10	7	3	9	14	6	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.1
Retail trade	23	26	48	28	22	42	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.1	0.3
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	11	20	12	19	28	12	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.4	0.2
Information	12	11	11	13	4	13	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.1	0.4
Financial activities	29	39	41	32	36	11	0.3	0.4	0.5	0.4	0.4	0.1
Finance and insurance	28	37	40	30	30	11	0.4	0.6	0.6	0.5	0.5	0.2
Real estate and rental and leasing	1	2	1	2	6	0	0.1	0.1	0.0	0.1	0.3	0.0
Professional and business services	58	64	85	83	97	97	0.3	0.3	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4
Education and health services	38	48	42	37	40	35	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.1
Educational services	4	6	5	8	8	10	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.3
Health care and social assistance	33	42	37	29	31	25	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.1
Leisure and hospitality	29	26	23	31	23	20	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.1
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	3	4	3	5	2	2	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.1
Accommodation and food services	26	23	21	26	20	17	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.1
Other services	13	16	11	13	13	4	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.1
Government	58	85	76	77	70	74	0.3	0.4	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3
Federal	9	18	13	14	14	13	0.3	0.6	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.4
State and local	49	68	63	63	57	61	0.3	0.4	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3
State and local education	22	34	32	33	26	29	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.3
State and local, excluding education	27	34	30	30	31	33	0.3	0.4	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.4
REGION(3)
Northeast	51	59	74	59	71	74	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.3
South	140	160	142	137	145	145	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.3
Midwest	67	73	92	72	75	55	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2
West	61	86	85	109	94	81	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.2
Footnotes (1) Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month. (2) The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.

Table 7. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Feb. 2021	Jan. 2022	Feb. 2022(p)	Feb. 2021	Jan. 2022	Feb. 2022(p)
Total	7,472	11,197	10,781	5.0	7.1	6.7
INDUSTRY
Total private	6,771	10,166	9,737	5.3	7.5	7.1
Mining and logging	18	37	32	3.2	6.0	5.2
Construction	239	389	364	3.3	5.1	4.8
Manufacturing	577	860	802	4.5	6.4	6.0
Durable goods	301	500	481	3.8	6.0	5.8
Nondurable goods	276	361	321	5.7	7.1	6.3
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,309	1,648	1,683	4.6	5.5	5.6
Wholesale trade	215	296	300	3.7	4.9	5.0
Retail trade	724	857	929	4.6	5.2	5.7
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	370	495	454	5.4	6.7	6.2
Information	107	220	200	3.8	7.1	6.4
Financial activities	298	578	440	3.3	6.2	4.7
Finance and insurance	237	430	304	3.5	6.2	4.4
Real estate and rental and leasing	61	148	136	2.7	6.1	5.6
Professional and business services	1,431	2,120	2,023	6.5	9.0	8.5
Education and health services	1,568	2,295	2,167	6.3	8.8	8.2
Educational services	115	187	199	3.1	4.9	4.9
Health care and social assistance	1,454	2,109	1,968	6.8	9.5	8.8
Leisure and hospitality	948	1,515	1,619	7.0	9.5	9.9
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	165	185	223	9.6	8.6	10.0
Accommodation and food services	784	1,330	1,396	6.7	9.6	9.9
Other services	276	502	406	5.0	8.3	6.8
Government	701	1,031	1,044	3.1	4.5	4.5
Federal	101	122	146	3.4	4.1	4.9
State and local	600	909	898	3.0	4.5	4.4
State and local education	193	347	346	1.9	3.2	3.1
State and local, excluding education	407	562	551	4.4	6.0	5.9
REGION(3)
Northeast	1,251	2,006	1,799	4.7	7.1	6.4
South	3,035	4,147	4,181	5.4	7.0	7.0
Midwest	1,576	2,500	2,289	4.9	7.3	6.6
West	1,610	2,544	2,511	4.6	6.9	6.7
Footnotes (1) Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. (2) The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 8. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Feb. 2021	Jan. 2022	Feb. 2022(p)	Feb. 2021	Jan. 2022	Feb. 2022(p)
Total	4,931	6,155	5,522	3.5	4.2	3.7
INDUSTRY
Total private	4,686	5,779	5,207	3.9	4.6	4.1
Mining and logging	14	21	23	2.6	3.6	3.8
Construction	317	284	342	4.5	3.9	4.7
Manufacturing	370	476	429	3.0	3.8	3.4
Durable goods	210	259	243	2.8	3.3	3.1
Nondurable goods	160	217	185	3.5	4.6	3.9
Trade, transportation, and utilities	917	1,163	1,168	3.4	4.1	4.1
Wholesale trade	131	179	146	2.4	3.1	2.5
Retail trade	586	707	797	3.9	4.5	5.1
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	200	277	225	3.1	4.0	3.3
Information	81	122	63	2.9	4.2	2.2
Financial activities	169	267	178	1.9	3.0	2.0
Finance and insurance	120	188	126	1.8	2.9	1.9
Real estate and rental and leasing	49	79	52	2.2	3.5	2.2
Professional and business services	1,067	1,270	1,136	5.2	5.9	5.2
Education and health services	616	929	761	2.6	3.9	3.2
Educational services	67	121	88	1.9	3.3	2.3
Health care and social assistance	549	808	673	2.8	4.0	3.3
Leisure and hospitality	953	1,038	937	7.6	7.2	6.4
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	83	119	101	5.3	6.1	5.0
Accommodation and food services	870	919	836	7.9	7.3	6.6
Other services	183	210	171	3.5	3.8	3.1
Government	246	376	315	1.1	1.7	1.4
Federal	32	37	31	1.1	1.3	1.1
State and local	214	339	284	1.1	1.8	1.5
State and local education	108	204	143	1.0	2.0	1.3
State and local, excluding education	106	135	141	1.2	1.5	1.6
REGION(3)
Northeast	702	919	844	2.8	3.5	3.2
South	1,968	2,617	2,344	3.7	4.8	4.2
Midwest	1,130	1,205	1,027	3.7	3.8	3.2
West	1,132	1,414	1,308	3.4	4.1	3.8
Footnotes (1) Hires are the number of hires during the entire month. (2) The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 9. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Feb. 2021	Jan. 2022	Feb. 2022(p)	Feb. 2021	Jan. 2022	Feb. 2022(p)
Total	4,354	6,341	4,940	3.1	4.3	3.3
INDUSTRY
Total private	4,145	6,012	4,671	3.5	4.8	3.7
Mining and logging	21	21	17	3.9	3.6	2.9
Construction	342	350	281	4.9	4.9	3.9
Manufacturing	323	446	388	2.7	3.6	3.1
Durable goods	169	240	213	2.2	3.1	2.7
Nondurable goods	153	206	176	3.3	4.4	3.7
Trade, transportation, and utilities	918	1,537	1,117	3.4	5.4	4.0
Wholesale trade	128	164	138	2.3	2.9	2.4
Retail trade	601	947	779	4.0	6.1	5.0
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	189	426	200	2.9	6.2	2.9
Information	66	136	62	2.4	4.7	2.1
Financial activities	176	281	150	2.0	3.2	1.7
Finance and insurance	126	190	111	1.9	2.9	1.7
Real estate and rental and leasing	50	91	39	2.3	4.0	1.7
Professional and business services	1,002	1,207	1,092	4.9	5.6	5.0
Education and health services	560	875	666	2.4	3.7	2.8
Educational services	40	90	57	1.1	2.5	1.5
Health care and social assistance	520	785	610	2.6	3.9	3.0
Leisure and hospitality	568	953	746	4.5	6.6	5.1
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	38	121	64	2.4	6.2	3.2
Accommodation and food services	530	832	682	4.8	6.7	5.4
Other services	170	207	150	3.2	3.7	2.7
Government	209	329	269	1.0	1.5	1.2
Federal	32	53	36	1.1	1.8	1.3
State and local	177	276	233	0.9	1.4	1.2
State and local education	70	124	96	0.7	1.2	0.9
State and local, excluding education	107	152	137	1.2	1.7	1.5
REGION(3)
Northeast	647	964	703	2.6	3.7	2.7
South	1,800	2,538	2,075	3.4	4.6	3.7
Midwest	982	1,315	1,034	3.2	4.1	3.2
West	925	1,523	1,128	2.8	4.4	3.2
Footnotes (1) Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month. (2) The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 10. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Feb. 2021	Jan. 2022	Feb. 2022(p)	Feb. 2021	Jan. 2022	Feb. 2022(p)
Total	2,698	4,092	3,472	1.9	2.8	2.3
INDUSTRY
Total private	2,567	3,898	3,294	2.1	3.1	2.6
Mining and logging	9	15	13	1.8	2.5	2.2
Construction	135	160	134	1.9	2.2	1.8
Manufacturing	231	289	285	1.9	2.3	2.3
Durable goods	122	148	155	1.6	1.9	2.0
Nondurable goods	109	140	130	2.4	3.0	2.7
Trade, transportation, and utilities	619	946	852	2.3	3.3	3.0
Wholesale trade	67	109	103	1.2	1.9	1.8
Retail trade	434	668	614	2.9	4.3	4.0
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	119	170	135	1.8	2.5	2.0
Information	34	45	43	1.2	1.6	1.5
Financial activities	101	178	101	1.2	2.0	1.1
Finance and insurance	69	120	71	1.1	1.8	1.1
Real estate and rental and leasing	32	59	30	1.5	2.6	1.3
Professional and business services	531	715	589	2.6	3.3	2.7
Education and health services	391	638	524	1.7	2.7	2.2
Educational services	28	60	36	0.8	1.7	0.9
Health care and social assistance	363	578	487	1.8	2.9	2.4
Leisure and hospitality	422	768	632	3.4	5.3	4.3
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	24	59	44	1.5	3.0	2.2
Accommodation and food services	399	709	588	3.6	5.7	4.6
Other services	94	144	121	1.8	2.6	2.2
Government	131	194	178	0.6	0.9	0.8
Federal	15	25	20	0.5	0.9	0.7
State and local	116	169	158	0.6	0.9	0.8
State and local education	49	81	67	0.5	0.8	0.6
State and local, excluding education	67	88	91	0.8	1.0	1.0
REGION(3)
Northeast	333	574	475	1.3	2.2	1.8
South	1,163	1,735	1,456	2.2	3.2	2.6
Midwest	618	835	755	2.0	2.6	2.3
West	584	948	786	1.8	2.8	2.3
Footnotes (1) Quits are the number of quits during the entire month. (2) The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 11. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Feb. 2021	Jan. 2022	Feb. 2022(p)	Feb. 2021	Jan. 2022	Feb. 2022(p)
Total	1,373	1,776	1,154	1.0	1.2	0.8
INDUSTRY
Total private	1,336	1,712	1,114	1.1	1.4	0.9
Mining and logging	10	4	3	1.9	0.7	0.6
Construction	197	180	130	2.8	2.5	1.8
Manufacturing	70	121	86	0.6	1.0	0.7
Durable goods	35	65	45	0.5	0.8	0.6
Nondurable goods	34	56	41	0.8	1.2	0.9
Trade, transportation, and utilities	259	518	208	1.0	1.8	0.7
Wholesale trade	53	38	30	1.0	0.7	0.5
Retail trade	146	252	124	1.0	1.6	0.8
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	60	227	54	0.9	3.3	0.8
Information	21	84	7	0.8	2.9	0.2
Financial activities	46	43	40	0.5	0.5	0.4
Finance and insurance	29	23	31	0.4	0.3	0.5
Real estate and rental and leasing	17	21	9	0.8	0.9	0.4
Professional and business services	419	364	407	2.0	1.7	1.9
Education and health services	130	184	111	0.6	0.8	0.5
Educational services	10	19	14	0.3	0.5	0.4
Health care and social assistance	120	165	97	0.6	0.8	0.5
Leisure and hospitality	122	164	97	1.0	1.1	0.7
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	13	60	18	0.8	3.1	0.9
Accommodation and food services	110	103	79	1.0	0.8	0.6
Other services	63	50	26	1.2	0.9	0.5
Government	36	64	40	0.2	0.3	0.2
Federal	8	10	6	0.3	0.4	0.2
State and local	28	54	34	0.1	0.3	0.2
State and local education	10	25	17	0.1	0.2	0.2
State and local, excluding education	18	29	17	0.2	0.3	0.2
REGION(3)
Northeast	272	308	163	1.1	1.2	0.6
South	505	616	480	1.0	1.1	0.9
Midwest	312	393	239	1.0	1.2	0.7
West	284	459	271	0.9	1.3	0.8
Footnotes (1) Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month. (2) The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 12. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Feb. 2021	Jan. 2022	Feb. 2022(p)	Feb. 2021	Jan. 2022	Feb. 2022(p)
Total	283	472	314	0.2	0.3	0.2
INDUSTRY
Total private	242	402	263	0.2	0.3	0.2
Mining and logging	1	2	1	0.2	0.4	0.1
Construction	10	9	17	0.1	0.1	0.2
Manufacturing	22	36	18	0.2	0.3	0.1
Durable goods	13	27	13	0.2	0.3	0.2
Nondurable goods	10	10	5	0.2	0.2	0.1
Trade, transportation, and utilities	40	73	56	0.1	0.3	0.2
Wholesale trade	8	17	5	0.2	0.3	0.1
Retail trade	22	27	41	0.1	0.2	0.3
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	10	29	11	0.2	0.4	0.2
Information	11	7	13	0.4	0.3	0.4
Financial activities	29	59	10	0.3	0.7	0.1
Finance and insurance	28	47	10	0.4	0.7	0.1
Real estate and rental and leasing	1	12	0	0.0	0.5	0.0
Professional and business services	53	128	96	0.3	0.6	0.4
Education and health services	39	53	32	0.2	0.2	0.1
Educational services	3	11	7	0.1	0.3	0.2
Health care and social assistance	36	42	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
Leisure and hospitality	24	21	17	0.2	0.1	0.1
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	2	2	1	0.1	0.1	0.1
Accommodation and food services	22	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
Other services	12	13	3	0.2	0.2	0.1
Government	41	70	51	0.2	0.3	0.2
Federal	8	18	10	0.3	0.6	0.3
State and local	33	53	41	0.2	0.3	0.2
State and local education	10	18	12	0.1	0.2	0.1
State and local, excluding education	23	35	29	0.3	0.4	0.3
REGION(3)
Northeast	42	82	65	0.2	0.3	0.2
South	133	187	138	0.3	0.3	0.2
Midwest	52	88	40	0.2	0.3	0.1
West	57	116	71	0.2	0.3	0.2
Footnotes (1) Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month. (2) The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.