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Economic News Release
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JOLTS JLT Program Links

Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey News Release

For release 10:00 a.m. (ET) Tuesday, April 4, 2023      USDL-23-0628
Technical information:	(202) 691-5870  •  JoltsInfo@bls.gov  •  www.bls.gov/jlt
Media contact:	        (202) 691-5902  •  PressOffice@bls.gov

                              JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – FEBRUARY 2023

The number of job openings decreased to 9.9 million on the last business day of February, the U.S. 
Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Over the month, the number of hires and total separations 
changed little at 6.2 million and 5.8 million, respectively. Within separations, quits (4.0 million) edged 
up, while layoffs and discharges (1.5 million) decreased. This release includes estimates of the number 
and rate of job openings, hires, and separations for the total nonfarm sector, by industry, and by 
establishment size class.
   
Job Openings

On the last business day of February, the number and rate of job openings decreased to 9.9 million 
(-632,000) and 6.0 percent, respectively. The largest decreases in job openings were in professional and 
business services (-278,000); health care and social assistance (-150,000); and transportation, 
warehousing, and utilities (-145,000). The number of job openings increased in construction (+129,000) 
and in arts, entertainment, and recreation (+38,000). (See table 1.)

Hires

In February, the number and rate of hires changed little at 6.2 million and 4.0 percent, respectively. 
Hires increased in federal government (+8,000). (See table 2.)

Separations

Total separations include quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Quits are generally 
voluntary separations initiated by the employee. Therefore, the quits rate can serve as a measure of 
workers’ willingness or ability to leave jobs. Layoffs and discharges are involuntary separations initiated 
by the employer. Other separations include separations due to retirement, death, disability, and transfers 
to other locations of the same firm.

In February, the number of total separations changed little at 5.8 million. The rate was little changed at 
3.7 percent. The number of total separations decreased in transportation, warehousing, and utilities  
(-45,000) but increased in educational services (+21,000) (See table 3.)

In February, the number of quits edged up to 4.0 million (+146,000), and the rate was little changed at 
2.6 percent. Quits increased in professional and business services (+115,000); accommodation and food 
services (+93,000); wholesale trade (+31,000); and educational services (+18,000). The number of quits 
decreased in finance and insurance (-39,000). (See table 4.)

In February, the number of layoffs and discharges decreased to 1.5 million (-215,000). The rate was 
little changed at 1.0 percent. Layoffs and discharges decreased in professional and business services  
(-157,000). (See table 5.)

The number of other separations was little changed in February at 291,000. Other separations increased 
in finance and insurance (+19,000) and in wholesale trade (+10,000). (See table 6.)

Establishment Size Class

In February, establishments with 1 to 9 employees saw little change in their job openings rate, hires rate, 
and total separations rate; but the layoffs and discharges rate decreased. Establishments with more than 
5,000 employees saw little change in their hires rate and total separations rate while the job openings 
rate decreased. (See table 7.)
____________
The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey estimates for March 2023 are scheduled to be 
released on Tuesday, May 2, 2023, at 10:00 a.m. (ET).

     

Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted
Category Job openings Hires Total separations
Feb.
2022
Jan.
2023
Feb.
2023(p)
Feb.
2022
Jan.
2023
Feb.
2023(p)
Feb.
2022
Jan.
2023
Feb.
2023(p)

LEVELS BY INDUSTRY
(in thousands)


Total

11,601 10,563 9,931 6,800 6,327 6,163 6,071 5,900 5,820

Total private

10,516 9,536 8,937 6,384 5,917 5,772 5,678 5,557 5,485

Mining and logging

33 36 35 21 26 26 17 22 26

Construction

421 283 412 418 387 369 327 356 349

Manufacturing

826 732 694 504 420 422 455 406 415

Durable goods

511 462 475 276 219 222 250 217 216

Nondurable goods

315 270 219 228 201 200 206 189 199

Trade, transportation, and utilities

1,903 1,837 1,627 1,407 1,335 1,266 1,275 1,300 1,254

Wholesale trade

338 304 310 182 179 198 153 167 189

Retail trade

1,008 901 829 865 798 738 852 768 744

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

557 633 488 361 358 331 270 365 320

Information

255 138 147 86 85 99 65 104 113

Financial activities

501 451 476 252 214 195 200 208 183

Finance and insurance

354 337 350 172 124 104 143 124 105

Real estate and rental and leasing

147 114 127 79 90 91 57 84 78

Professional and business services

2,255 2,101 1,823 1,386 1,158 1,122 1,242 1,129 1,063

Education and health services

2,171 2,012 1,862 879 902 879 788 768 803

Educational services

189 178 178 111 99 104 101 75 96

Health care and social assistance

1,982 1,834 1,684 767 803 775 687 693 706

Leisure and hospitality

1,743 1,588 1,501 1,187 1,182 1,180 1,108 1,061 1,107

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

200 188 226 162 161 192 134 141 153

Accommodation and food services

1,543 1,400 1,275 1,025 1,021 987 974 920 954

Other services

408 359 360 245 210 215 200 202 174

Government

1,084 1,027 995 416 410 391 393 343 334

Federal

167 169 138 44 40 48 41 35 39

State and local

917 858 857 372 370 343 352 309 295

State and local education

354 323 322 183 198 174 184 158 149

State and local, excluding education

563 535 535 190 172 169 169 151 146




RATES BY INDUSTRY
(percent)


Total

7.1 6.4 6.0 4.5 4.1 4.0 4.0 3.8 3.7

Total private

7.5 6.7 6.3 5.0 4.5 4.3 4.4 4.2 4.1

Mining and logging

5.4 5.3 5.3 3.6 4.1 4.0 2.8 3.5 4.1

Construction

5.2 3.5 4.9 5.4 4.9 4.7 4.3 4.5 4.4

Manufacturing

6.1 5.3 5.1 4.0 3.2 3.3 3.6 3.1 3.2

Durable goods

6.1 5.4 5.5 3.5 2.7 2.7 3.2 2.7 2.7

Nondurable goods

6.2 5.2 4.3 4.7 4.1 4.1 4.3 3.9 4.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities

6.2 6.0 5.3 4.9 4.6 4.4 4.5 4.5 4.3

Wholesale trade

5.4 4.8 4.9 3.1 3.0 3.3 2.6 2.8 3.1

Retail trade

6.1 5.5 5.1 5.6 5.1 4.7 5.5 4.9 4.8

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

7.3 8.0 6.3 5.1 4.9 4.6 3.8 5.0 4.4

Information

7.9 4.3 4.6 2.9 2.7 3.2 2.2 3.4 3.7

Financial activities

5.3 4.7 5.0 2.8 2.3 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.0

Finance and insurance

5.1 4.8 5.0 2.6 1.9 1.6 2.2 1.9 1.6

Real estate and rental and leasing

5.9 4.5 5.0 3.4 3.7 3.8 2.4 3.5 3.2

Professional and business services

9.2 8.4 7.4 6.2 5.1 4.9 5.6 4.9 4.6

Education and health services

8.3 7.5 6.9 3.7 3.6 3.5 3.3 3.1 3.2

Educational services

4.8 4.4 4.4 3.0 2.6 2.7 2.7 1.9 2.5

Health care and social assistance

8.9 8.0 7.4 3.8 3.8 3.7 3.4 3.3 3.3

Leisure and hospitality

10.1 8.8 8.3 7.6 7.2 7.1 7.1 6.5 6.7

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

8.2 7.2 8.5 7.2 6.7 7.9 6.0 5.9 6.3

Accommodation and food services

10.4 9.1 8.3 7.7 7.3 7.0 7.3 6.6 6.8

Other services

6.7 5.8 5.8 4.3 3.6 3.7 3.5 3.5 3.0

Government

4.7 4.4 4.2 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.5 1.5

Federal

5.5 5.5 4.6 1.5 1.4 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.4

State and local

4.6 4.2 4.2 1.9 1.9 1.7 1.8 1.6 1.5

State and local education

3.4 3.0 3.0 1.8 1.9 1.7 1.8 1.5 1.4

State and local, excluding education

5.9 5.5 5.5 2.1 1.9 1.8 1.9 1.6 1.6

Footnotes
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.


Technical Note

This news release presents statistics from the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The JOLTS 
program provides information on labor demand and turnover. Additional information about the JOLTS program can 
be found at www.bls.gov/jlt/. Estimates are published for job openings, hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other 
separations, and total separations. The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments, as well as civilian 
federal, state, and local government entities in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Starting with data for 
January 2023, industries are classified in accordance with the 2022 North American Industry Classification System.

Definitions

Employment. Employment includes persons on the payroll who worked or received pay for the pay period that 
includes the 12th day of the reference month. Full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term, seasonal, salaried, and 
hourly employees are included, as are employees on paid vacation or other paid leave. Proprietors or partners of 
unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, employees on strike for the entire pay period, and employees on 
leave without pay for the entire pay period are not counted as employed. Employees of temporary help agencies, 
employee leasing companies, outside contractors, and consultants are counted by their employer of record, not by 
the establishment where they are working. JOLTS does not publish employment estimates but uses the reported 
employment for validation of the other reported data elements.

Job Openings. Job openings include all positions that are open on the last business day of the reference month.

A job is open only if it meets all three of these conditions:
* A specific position exists, and there is work available for that position. The position can be full-time or 
part-time, and it can be permanent, short-term, or seasonal.
* The job could start within 30 days, whether or not the employer can find a suitable candidate during that 
time.
* The employer is actively recruiting workers from outside the establishment to fill the position. Active 
recruiting means that the establishment is taking steps to fill a position. It may include advertising in 
newspapers, on television, or on the radio; posting internet notices, posting “help wanted” signs, 
networking or making “word-of-mouth” announcements; accepting applications; interviewing candidates; 
contacting employment agencies; or soliciting employees at job fairs, state or local employment offices, or 
similar sources.

Excluded are positions open only to internal transfers, promotions or demotions, or recall from layoffs. Also 
excluded are openings for positions with start dates more than 30 days in the future; positions for which employees 
have been hired but have not yet reported for work; and positions to be filled by employees of temporary help 
agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The job openings rate is computed by 
dividing the number of job openings by the sum of employment and job openings—that is, all filled and unfilled 
jobs—and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Hires. Hires include all additions to the payroll during the entire reference month, including newly hired and 
rehired employees; full-time and part-time employees; permanent, short-term, and seasonal employees; employees 
who were recalled to a job at the location following a layoff (formal suspension from pay status) lasting more than 7 
days; on-call or intermittent employees who returned to work after having been formally separated; workers who 
were hired and separated during the month, and transfers from other locations. Excluded are transfers or promotions 
within the reporting location, employees returning from strike, employees of temporary help agencies, employee 
leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The hires rate is computed by dividing the number of hires by 
employment and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Separations. Separations include all separations from the payroll during the entire reference month and is 
reported by type of separation: quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Quits include employees who 
left voluntarily, with the exception of retirements or transfers to other locations. Layoffs and discharges includes 
involuntary separations initiated by the employer, including layoffs with no intent to rehire; layoffs (formal 
suspensions from pay status) lasting or expected to last more than 7 days; discharges resulting from mergers, 
downsizing, or closings; firings or other discharges for cause; terminations of permanent or short-term employees; 
and terminations of seasonal employees (whether or not they are expected to return the next season). Other 
separations include retirements, transfers to other locations, separations due to employee disability, and deaths.
Excluded from separations measures are transfers within the same location; employees on strike; and employees of 
temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The separations rate is 
computed by dividing the number of separations by employment and multiplying that quotient by 100. The quits, 
layoffs and discharges, and other separations rates are computed similarly.

Estimation Method

The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random sample of approximately 21,000 nonfarm business and 
government establishments. The sample is stratified by ownership, region, industry sector, and establishment size 
class.

The sampling frame is made up of establishments from two sources: the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) 
Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages program (QCEW) and the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA). 
The QCEW database contains establishments that cover approximately 95 percent of nonfarm payroll jobs in the 
United States. This database is a compilation of administrative data from state unemployment insurance (UI) 
programs and federal government establishments covered by the Unemployment Compensation for Federal 
Employees (UCFE) program. A frame of railroad establishments is provided by the FRA. This is added to the 
QCEW database to complete the JOLTS sampling frame. 

The JOLTS estimation method involves the following processes: unit nonresponse adjustment, item 
nonresponse adjustment, monthly benchmarking and estimation, automatic outlier detection, birth and death model 
estimation, estimates review and outlier selection, alignment, seasonal adjustment, and variance estimates. 
Establishment size class levels are also produced. Detailed information about the estimation method can be found in 
the Handbook of Methods at https://www.bls.gov/opub/hom/jlt/home.htm.

Monthly benchmarking is the process through which the JOLTS weighted employment for each estimation cell 
is adjusted. JOLTS estimation cells are benchmarked monthly to the current employment level from the BLS 
Current Employment Statistics (CES) program. The sampled weight is benchmarked to ensure that JOLTS weighted 
employment is equal to CES employment.

Birth/death model. The time lag from the start up, or birth, of an establishment until its appearance on the 
sampling frame is approximately one year. In addition, many new establishments fail within the first year, referred 
to as a death. Because new and short-lived universe establishments cannot be reflected in the sampling frame 
immediately, the JOLTS sample cannot capture job openings, hires, and separations from these establishments 
during their early existence. BLS has developed a birth/death model that uses establishment birth and death activity 
from previous years as collected by the QCEW and projects forward to the present using over-the-year change in the 
CES. The birth/death model also uses historical JOLTS data to calculate the amount of churn (meaning the rates of 
hires and separations) that exists in establishments of various sizes. The model then combines the calculated churn 
with the projected employment change to estimate the number of hires and separations that take place in these 
establishments that cannot be measured through sampling. The estimates of job openings, hires, and separations 
produced by the birth/death model are added to the sample-based estimates produced from the survey to arrive at the 
estimates for job openings, hires, and separations.

Alignment. The JOLTS figure for hires minus separations can be used to derive a measure of net employment 
change. This change should be comparable to the net employment change from the much larger CES survey. 
However, definitional differences between the two surveys, as well as sampling and nonsampling errors, historically 
caused JOLTS to diverge from CES over time. To limit the divergence and improve the quality of the JOLTS hires 
and separations series, BLS implemented the monthly alignment method. There are four steps to this method: 
seasonally adjust, align, back out the seasonal adjustment factors, and seasonally adjust again.

Seasonal adjustment. After alignment, the seasonal adjustment program (X-13ARIMA-SEATS) is used to 
seasonally adjust the JOLTS series. Each month, a concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology uses all relevant 
data, up to and including the current month, to calculate new seasonal adjustment factors. Moving averages are used 
as seasonal filters in seasonal adjustment. JOLTS seasonal adjustment includes both additive and multiplicative 
models, as well as regression with autocorrelated errors (REGARIMA) modeling, to improve the seasonal 
adjustment factors at the beginning and end of the series and to detect and adjust for outliers in the series. 

Annual estimates and benchmarking. The JOLTS estimates are revised annually with the issuance of data for 
January. Five years of data are subject to revision. The revised estimates incorporate: 1) benchmarks based on CES 
employment estimates newly benchmarked to QCEW, 2) revised seasonal adjustment factors, and 3) any needed 
special adjustments.

The JOLTS employment levels are ratio-adjusted to the CES employment levels, and the resulting ratios are 
applied to all JOLTS data elements.

The seasonally adjusted estimates are recalculated for the most recent 5 years to reflect updated seasonal 
adjustment factors. These annual updates result in revisions to both the seasonally adjusted and not seasonally 
adjusted JOLTS data series for the period since the last benchmark was established.

Annual levels for hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total separations are the sum of the 
12 published monthly levels.

Annual average levels for job openings are calculated by dividing the sum of the 12 published monthly levels 
by 12. 

Annual average rates for hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total separations are 
calculated by dividing the sum of the 12 monthly JOLTS published levels for each data element by the sum of the 12 
monthly CES published employment levels, and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Annual average rates for job openings are calculated by dividing the sum of the 12 monthly JOLTS published 
levels by the sum of the 12 monthly CES published employment levels plus the sum of the 12 monthly job openings 
levels, and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Reliability of the estimates

JOLTS estimates are subject to two types of error: sampling error and nonsampling error.

Sampling error can result when a sample, rather than an entire population, is surveyed. There is a chance that 
the sample estimates may differ from the true population values they represent. The exact difference, or sampling 
error, varies with the sample selected, and this variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. BLS 
analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence. This means that there is a 90-percent chance 
that the true population mean will fall into the interval created by the sample mean plus or minus 1.65 standard 
errors. Estimates of median standard errors are released monthly as part of the significant change tables on the 
JOLTS webpage. Standard errors are updated annually with the most recent 5 years of data. Sampling error 
estimates are available at www.bls.gov/jlt/jolts_median_standard_errors.htm.

Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, including the failure to include a segment of the population, the 
inability to obtain data from all units in the sample, the inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide data on a 
timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, errors made in the collection or processing of the data, and errors from 
the employment benchmark data used in estimation. The JOLTS program uses quality control procedures to reduce 
nonsampling error in the survey’s design.

Other information

If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access telecommunications 
relay services.


Table 1. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
Feb.
2022
Nov.
2022
Dec.
2022
Jan.
2023
Feb.
2023(p)
Change from:
Jan. 2023 -
Feb. 2023(p)
Feb.
2022
Nov.
2022
Dec.
2022
Jan.
2023
Feb.
2023(p)
Change from:
Jan. 2023 -
Feb. 2023(p)

Total

11,601 10,746 11,234 10,563 9,931 -632 7.1 6.5 6.8 6.4 6.0 -0.4

INDUSTRY

Total private

10,516 9,671 10,126 9,536 8,937 -599 7.5 6.8 7.1 6.7 6.3 -0.4

Mining and logging

33 42 39 36 35 -1 5.4 6.3 5.8 5.3 5.3 0.0

Construction

421 348 488 283 412 129 5.2 4.3 5.8 3.5 4.9 1.4

Manufacturing

826 829 797 732 694 -38 6.1 6.0 5.8 5.3 5.1 -0.2

Durable goods

511 517 519 462 475 13 6.1 6.0 6.0 5.4 5.5 0.1

Nondurable goods

315 312 278 270 219 -51 6.2 6.0 5.4 5.2 4.3 -0.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities

1,903 1,531 1,763 1,837 1,627 -210 6.2 5.1 5.8 6.0 5.3 -0.7

Wholesale trade

338 213 265 304 310 6 5.4 3.4 4.2 4.8 4.9 0.1

Retail trade

1,008 852 964 901 829 -72 6.1 5.2 5.9 5.5 5.1 -0.4

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

557 465 534 633 488 -145 7.3 6.0 6.8 8.0 6.3 -1.7

Information

255 213 106 138 147 9 7.9 6.4 3.3 4.3 4.6 0.3

Financial activities

501 576 610 451 476 25 5.3 6.0 6.3 4.7 5.0 0.3

Finance and insurance

354 405 445 337 350 13 5.1 5.7 6.2 4.8 5.0 0.2

Real estate and rental and leasing

147 171 165 114 127 13 5.9 6.6 6.4 4.5 5.0 0.5

Professional and business services

2,255 2,121 2,087 2,101 1,823 -278 9.2 8.5 8.4 8.4 7.4 -1.0

Education and health services

2,171 2,068 2,080 2,012 1,862 -150 8.3 7.7 7.7 7.5 6.9 -0.6

Educational services

189 160 181 178 178 0 4.8 4.0 4.5 4.4 4.4 0.0

Health care and social assistance

1,982 1,908 1,899 1,834 1,684 -150 8.9 8.4 8.3 8.0 7.4 -0.6

Leisure and hospitality

1,743 1,629 1,859 1,588 1,501 -87 10.1 9.1 10.2 8.8 8.3 -0.5

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

200 164 180 188 226 38 8.2 6.4 7.0 7.2 8.5 1.3

Accommodation and food services

1,543 1,465 1,679 1,400 1,275 -125 10.4 9.6 10.8 9.1 8.3 -0.8

Other services

408 314 297 359 360 1 6.7 5.2 4.9 5.8 5.8 0.0

Government

1,084 1,075 1,109 1,027 995 -32 4.7 4.6 4.7 4.4 4.2 -0.2

Federal

167 138 156 169 138 -31 5.5 4.6 5.1 5.5 4.6 -0.9

State and local

917 937 953 858 857 -1 4.6 4.6 4.7 4.2 4.2 0.0

State and local education

354 336 325 323 322 -1 3.4 3.2 3.1 3.0 3.0 0.0

State and local, excluding education

563 601 628 535 535 0 5.9 6.2 6.4 5.5 5.5 0.0

REGION(3)

Northeast

2,034 1,645 1,746 1,679 1,651 -28 7.0 5.6 6.0 5.7 5.6 -0.1

South

4,398 4,323 4,415 4,312 4,123 -189 7.3 7.0 7.1 7.0 6.7 -0.3

Midwest

2,527 2,270 2,536 2,311 2,051 -260 7.3 6.4 7.1 6.5 5.8 -0.7

West

2,642 2,507 2,537 2,261 2,106 -155 6.9 6.4 6.5 5.8 5.4 -0.4

Footnotes
(1) The job openings level is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.
(2) The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of employment plus job openings.
(3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.


Table 2. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
Feb.
2022
Nov.
2022
Dec.
2022
Jan.
2023
Feb.
2023(p)
Change from:
Jan. 2023 -
Feb. 2023(p)
Feb.
2022
Nov.
2022
Dec.
2022
Jan.
2023
Feb.
2023(p)
Change from:
Jan. 2023 -
Feb. 2023(p)

Total

6,800 6,253 6,251 6,327 6,163 -164 4.5 4.1 4.0 4.1 4.0 -0.1

INDUSTRY

Total private

6,384 5,825 5,809 5,917 5,772 -145 5.0 4.4 4.4 4.5 4.3 -0.2

Mining and logging

21 24 22 26 26 0 3.6 3.8 3.5 4.1 4.0 -0.1

Construction

418 337 380 387 369 -18 5.4 4.3 4.8 4.9 4.7 -0.2

Manufacturing

504 407 405 420 422 2 4.0 3.1 3.1 3.2 3.3 0.1

Durable goods

276 222 234 219 222 3 3.5 2.7 2.9 2.7 2.7 0.0

Nondurable goods

228 186 171 201 200 -1 4.7 3.8 3.5 4.1 4.1 0.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities

1,407 1,253 1,289 1,335 1,266 -69 4.9 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.4 -0.2

Wholesale trade

182 172 175 179 198 19 3.1 2.9 2.9 3.0 3.3 0.3

Retail trade

865 706 753 798 738 -60 5.6 4.6 4.9 5.1 4.7 -0.4

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

361 375 361 358 331 -27 5.1 5.2 5.0 4.9 4.6 -0.3

Information

86 112 97 85 99 14 2.9 3.6 3.1 2.7 3.2 0.5

Financial activities

252 248 213 214 195 -19 2.8 2.7 2.3 2.3 2.1 -0.2

Finance and insurance

172 162 132 124 104 -20 2.6 2.4 2.0 1.9 1.6 -0.3

Real estate and rental and leasing

79 86 82 90 91 1 3.4 3.6 3.4 3.7 3.8 0.1

Professional and business services

1,386 1,163 1,155 1,158 1,122 -36 6.2 5.1 5.1 5.1 4.9 -0.2

Education and health services

879 863 904 902 879 -23 3.7 3.5 3.6 3.6 3.5 -0.1

Educational services

111 98 98 99 104 5 3.0 2.5 2.5 2.6 2.7 0.1

Health care and social assistance

767 765 806 803 775 -28 3.8 3.7 3.8 3.8 3.7 -0.1

Leisure and hospitality

1,187 1,203 1,107 1,182 1,180 -2 7.6 7.4 6.8 7.2 7.1 -0.1

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

162 160 161 161 192 31 7.2 6.7 6.7 6.7 7.9 1.2

Accommodation and food services

1,025 1,043 947 1,021 987 -34 7.7 7.5 6.8 7.3 7.0 -0.3

Other services

245 214 237 210 215 5 4.3 3.7 4.1 3.6 3.7 0.1

Government

416 428 442 410 391 -19 1.9 1.9 2.0 1.8 1.7 -0.1

Federal

44 39 45 40 48 8 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.6 0.2

State and local

372 389 397 370 343 -27 1.9 2.0 2.0 1.9 1.7 -0.2

State and local education

183 191 175 198 174 -24 1.8 1.9 1.7 1.9 1.7 -0.2

State and local, excluding education

190 198 222 172 169 -3 2.1 2.2 2.4 1.9 1.8 -0.1

REGION(3)

Northeast

1,082 913 923 927 893 -34 4.0 3.3 3.3 3.4 3.2 -0.2

South

2,900 2,599 2,628 2,576 2,542 -34 5.2 4.5 4.6 4.5 4.4 -0.1

Midwest

1,268 1,300 1,361 1,319 1,302 -17 3.9 3.9 4.1 4.0 3.9 -0.1

West

1,550 1,441 1,338 1,505 1,425 -80 4.3 4.0 3.7 4.1 3.9 -0.2

Footnotes
(1) The hires level is the number of hires during the entire month.
(2) The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of employment.
(3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.


Table 3. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
Feb.
2022
Nov.
2022
Dec.
2022
Jan.
2023
Feb.
2023(p)
Change from:
Jan. 2023 -
Feb. 2023(p)
Feb.
2022
Nov.
2022
Dec.
2022
Jan.
2023
Feb.
2023(p)
Change from:
Jan. 2023 -
Feb. 2023(p)

Total

6,071 5,945 5,906 5,900 5,820 -80 4.0 3.9 3.8 3.8 3.7 -0.1

INDUSTRY

Total private

5,678 5,582 5,502 5,557 5,485 -72 4.4 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.1 -0.1

Mining and logging

17 17 20 22 26 4 2.8 2.7 3.2 3.5 4.1 0.6

Construction

327 294 335 356 349 -7 4.3 3.8 4.3 4.5 4.4 -0.1

Manufacturing

455 393 384 406 415 9 3.6 3.0 3.0 3.1 3.2 0.1

Durable goods

250 213 206 217 216 -1 3.2 2.6 2.5 2.7 2.7 0.0

Nondurable goods

206 181 178 189 199 10 4.3 3.7 3.6 3.9 4.1 0.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities

1,275 1,299 1,277 1,300 1,254 -46 4.5 4.5 4.4 4.5 4.3 -0.2

Wholesale trade

153 159 165 167 189 22 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.8 3.1 0.3

Retail trade

852 713 765 768 744 -24 5.5 4.6 4.9 4.9 4.8 -0.1

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

270 426 347 365 320 -45 3.8 5.9 4.8 5.0 4.4 -0.6

Information

65 98 99 104 113 9 2.2 3.1 3.2 3.4 3.7 0.3

Financial activities

200 275 198 208 183 -25 2.2 3.0 2.2 2.3 2.0 -0.3

Finance and insurance

143 197 129 124 105 -19 2.2 2.9 1.9 1.9 1.6 -0.3

Real estate and rental and leasing

57 77 69 84 78 -6 2.4 3.2 2.9 3.5 3.2 -0.3

Professional and business services

1,242 1,166 1,125 1,129 1,063 -66 5.6 5.1 4.9 4.9 4.6 -0.3

Education and health services

788 779 825 768 803 35 3.3 3.1 3.3 3.1 3.2 0.1

Educational services

101 86 89 75 96 21 2.7 2.2 2.3 1.9 2.5 0.6

Health care and social assistance

687 694 736 693 706 13 3.4 3.3 3.5 3.3 3.3 0.0

Leisure and hospitality

1,108 1,093 1,010 1,061 1,107 46 7.1 6.7 6.2 6.5 6.7 0.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

134 143 130 141 153 12 6.0 6.0 5.4 5.9 6.3 0.4

Accommodation and food services

974 950 880 920 954 34 7.3 6.8 6.3 6.6 6.8 0.2

Other services

200 168 228 202 174 -28 3.5 2.9 3.9 3.5 3.0 -0.5

Government

393 364 404 343 334 -9 1.8 1.6 1.8 1.5 1.5 0.0

Federal

41 40 45 35 39 4 1.4 1.4 1.6 1.2 1.4 0.2

State and local

352 324 359 309 295 -14 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.6 1.5 -0.1

State and local education

184 157 166 158 149 -9 1.8 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.4 -0.1

State and local, excluding education

169 167 193 151 146 -5 1.9 1.8 2.1 1.6 1.6 0.0

REGION(3)

Northeast

907 797 880 889 790 -99 3.4 2.9 3.2 3.2 2.8 -0.4

South

2,538 2,412 2,400 2,507 2,531 24 4.5 4.2 4.2 4.3 4.4 0.1

Midwest

1,182 1,183 1,247 1,187 1,177 -10 3.7 3.6 3.8 3.6 3.5 -0.1

West

1,444 1,554 1,379 1,318 1,322 4 4.0 4.3 3.8 3.6 3.6 0.0

Footnotes
(1) The total separations level is the number of total separations during the entire month.
(2) The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of employment.
(3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.


Table 4. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
Feb.
2022
Nov.
2022
Dec.
2022
Jan.
2023
Feb.
2023(p)
Change from:
Jan. 2023 -
Feb. 2023(p)
Feb.
2022
Nov.
2022
Dec.
2022
Jan.
2023
Feb.
2023(p)
Change from:
Jan. 2023 -
Feb. 2023(p)

Total

4,313 4,148 4,091 3,878 4,024 146 2.9 2.7 2.6 2.5 2.6 0.1

INDUSTRY

Total private

4,066 3,932 3,858 3,681 3,824 143 3.2 3.0 2.9 2.8 2.9 0.1

Mining and logging

12 11 14 15 18 3 2.0 1.7 2.2 2.4 2.8 0.4

Construction

166 135 153 179 156 -23 2.2 1.7 2.0 2.3 2.0 -0.3

Manufacturing

331 267 263 267 283 16 2.6 2.1 2.0 2.1 2.2 0.1

Durable goods

180 143 137 144 149 5 2.3 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.8 0.0

Nondurable goods

151 125 125 123 134 11 3.1 2.5 2.6 2.5 2.7 0.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities

1,000 1,002 916 921 906 -15 3.5 3.5 3.2 3.2 3.1 -0.1

Wholesale trade

118 101 96 101 132 31 2.0 1.7 1.6 1.7 2.2 0.5

Retail trade

695 598 598 592 564 -28 4.5 3.9 3.9 3.8 3.6 -0.2

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

187 303 222 228 209 -19 2.6 4.2 3.1 3.1 2.9 -0.2

Information

43 41 46 41 44 3 1.4 1.3 1.5 1.3 1.4 0.1

Financial activities

144 131 134 143 110 -33 1.6 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.2 -0.4

Finance and insurance

101 82 88 97 58 -39 1.5 1.2 1.3 1.4 0.9 -0.5

Real estate and rental and leasing

43 49 46 46 52 6 1.8 2.0 1.9 1.9 2.2 0.3

Professional and business services

746 733 719 546 661 115 3.3 3.2 3.1 2.4 2.9 0.5

Education and health services

618 619 629 607 625 18 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.5 0.1

Educational services

62 54 55 40 58 18 1.7 1.4 1.4 1.0 1.5 0.5

Health care and social assistance

556 565 574 567 566 -1 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 0.0

Leisure and hospitality

854 884 806 825 918 93 5.5 5.4 4.9 5.0 5.6 0.6

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

67 78 77 79 79 0 3.0 3.3 3.2 3.3 3.2 -0.1

Accommodation and food services

788 807 729 746 839 93 5.9 5.8 5.2 5.3 5.9 0.6

Other services

153 108 177 136 103 -33 2.7 1.9 3.1 2.3 1.8 -0.5

Government

247 217 233 198 201 3 1.1 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.0

Federal

22 19 21 17 20 3 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.1

State and local

225 198 213 180 181 1 1.2 1.0 1.1 0.9 0.9 0.0

State and local education

121 100 103 95 92 -3 1.2 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.0

State and local, excluding education

104 98 110 85 89 4 1.2 1.1 1.2 0.9 1.0 0.1

REGION(3)

Northeast

599 504 539 501 498 -3 2.2 1.8 2.0 1.8 1.8 0.0

South

1,845 1,760 1,748 1,680 1,876 196 3.3 3.1 3.0 2.9 3.2 0.3

Midwest

869 798 835 779 766 -13 2.7 2.4 2.5 2.4 2.3 -0.1

West

1,000 1,087 969 919 884 -35 2.8 3.0 2.7 2.5 2.4 -0.1

Footnotes
(1) The quits level is the number of quits during the entire month.
(2) The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of employment.
(3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.


Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
Feb.
2022
Nov.
2022
Dec.
2022
Jan.
2023
Feb.
2023(p)
Change from:
Jan. 2023 -
Feb. 2023(p)
Feb.
2022
Nov.
2022
Dec.
2022
Jan.
2023
Feb.
2023(p)
Change from:
Jan. 2023 -
Feb. 2023(p)

Total

1,423 1,485 1,475 1,719 1,504 -215 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.0 -0.1

INDUSTRY

Total private

1,346 1,409 1,378 1,630 1,427 -203 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.2 1.1 -0.1

Mining and logging

4 5 5 5 7 2 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.8 1.1 0.3

Construction

144 146 166 161 175 14 1.9 1.9 2.1 2.0 2.2 0.2

Manufacturing

99 101 99 114 114 0 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.0

Durable goods

52 53 54 57 53 -4 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.0

Nondurable goods

47 47 44 57 61 4 1.0 1.0 0.9 1.2 1.2 0.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities

226 255 304 323 292 -31 0.8 0.9 1.1 1.1 1.0 -0.1

Wholesale trade

28 49 59 61 42 -19 0.5 0.8 1.0 1.0 0.7 -0.3

Retail trade

125 96 138 142 152 10 0.8 0.6 0.9 0.9 1.0 0.1

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

73 110 107 120 98 -22 1.0 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.3 -0.3

Information

11 46 46 48 58 10 0.4 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.9 0.4

Financial activities

40 122 38 54 41 -13 0.4 1.3 0.4 0.6 0.4 -0.2

Finance and insurance

26 102 19 22 23 1 0.4 1.5 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.0

Real estate and rental and leasing

13 19 18 32 18 -14 0.6 0.8 0.8 1.3 0.7 -0.6

Professional and business services

413 360 338 529 372 -157 1.8 1.6 1.5 2.3 1.6 -0.7

Education and health services

137 133 149 132 141 9 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.1

Educational services

31 22 29 28 33 5 0.8 0.6 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.1

Health care and social assistance

106 111 120 104 108 4 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.0

Leisure and hospitality

231 187 193 215 173 -42 1.5 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.0 -0.3

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

65 63 52 58 70 12 2.9 2.7 2.2 2.4 2.9 0.5

Accommodation and food services

166 124 141 157 103 -54 1.3 0.9 1.0 1.1 0.7 -0.4

Other services

42 55 41 49 54 5 0.7 1.0 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.1

Government

77 75 97 88 78 -10 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.3 -0.1

Federal

7 7 10 5 6 1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.0

State and local

70 69 87 84 72 -12 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.0

State and local education

37 29 37 42 35 -7 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.3 -0.1

State and local, excluding education

33 40 50 42 36 -6 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.4 -0.1

REGION(3)

Northeast

243 239 279 334 255 -79 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.2 0.9 -0.3

South

556 548 521 710 537 -173 1.0 1.0 0.9 1.2 0.9 -0.3

Midwest

258 327 356 350 350 0 0.8 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 0.0

West

367 372 319 324 361 37 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.9 1.0 0.1

Footnotes
(1) The layoffs and discharges level is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.
(2) The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of employment.
(3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.


Table 6. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
Feb.
2022
Nov.
2022
Dec.
2022
Jan.
2023
Feb.
2023(p)
Change from:
Jan. 2023 -
Feb. 2023(p)
Feb.
2022
Nov.
2022
Dec.
2022
Jan.
2023
Feb.
2023(p)
Change from:
Jan. 2023 -
Feb. 2023(p)

Total

335 312 340 303 291 -12 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0

INDUSTRY

Total private

265 240 266 246 235 -11 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0

Mining and logging

1 1 2 2 1 -1 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.2 -0.1

Construction

16 14 16 15 17 2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0

Manufacturing

26 26 23 25 18 -7 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 -0.1

Durable goods

17 17 15 16 13 -3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0

Nondurable goods

8 9 8 9 5 -4 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 -0.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities

50 41 57 56 56 0 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0

Wholesale trade

6 9 10 5 15 10 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1

Retail trade

32 19 29 34 28 -6 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

11 13 18 17 13 -4 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.0

Information

11 12 7 15 11 -4 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.5 0.3 -0.2

Financial activities

17 22 26 11 32 21 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.4 0.3

Finance and insurance

16 14 21 5 24 19 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.4 0.3

Real estate and rental and leasing

1 9 5 5 8 3 0.0 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.1

Professional and business services

83 72 68 54 30 -24 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.1 -0.1

Education and health services

34 27 47 29 37 8 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.0

Educational services

9 9 5 6 5 -1 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 -0.1

Health care and social assistance

25 18 42 23 32 9 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1

Leisure and hospitality

23 21 11 21 16 -5 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

2 2 1 4 5 1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.0

Accommodation and food services

20 20 9 17 12 -5 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0

Other services

6 5 10 17 16 -1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.0

Government

69 72 73 57 56 -1 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.0

Federal

12 14 14 12 14 2 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.1

State and local

57 58 59 45 43 -2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.0

State and local education

25 29 26 20 22 2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0

State and local, excluding education

32 29 33 25 21 -4 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.2 -0.1

REGION(3)

Northeast

66 54 62 53 36 -17 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 -0.1

South

137 104 131 117 118 1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0

Midwest

56 58 55 58 61 3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0

West

76 95 91 75 76 1 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0

Footnotes
(1) The other separations level is the number of other separations during the entire month.
(2) The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of employment.
(3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.


Table 7. Job openings, hires, and separations levels and rates by establishment size class, seasonally adjusted
Establishment size class Levels (in thousands) Rates
Feb.
2022
Nov.
2022
Dec.
2022
Jan.
2023
Feb.
2023(p)
Change from:
Jan. 2023 -
Feb. 2023(p)
Feb.
2022
Nov.
2022
Dec.
2022
Jan.
2023
Feb.
2023(p)
Change from:
Jan. 2023 -
Feb. 2023(p)

JOB OPENINGS

Total private

10,516 9,671 10,126 9,536 8,937 -599 7.5 6.8 7.1 6.7 6.3 -0.4

1 to 9 employees

1,721 1,724 1,818 1,906 1,708 -198 7.7 7.2 7.8 7.9 6.9 -1.0

10 to 49 employees

3,095 3,018 3,188 2,934 2,989 55 7.8 6.6 7.0 6.4 6.2 -0.2

50 to 249 employees

3,060 2,761 2,953 2,653 2,389 -264 7.1 6.9 7.4 6.6 6.2 -0.4

250 to 999 employees

1,602 1,180 1,235 1,102 976 -126 7.9 6.4 6.4 6.0 5.7 -0.3

1,000 to 4,999 employees

773 665 634 647 606 -41 8.1 7.1 6.6 7.0 7.1 0.1

5,000 or more employees

265 322 298 294 269 -25 6.7 7.5 6.8 7.0 6.3 -0.7

HIRES

Total private

6,384 5,825 5,809 5,917 5,772 -145 5.0 4.4 4.4 4.5 4.3 -0.2

1 to 9 employees

938 715 800 885 902 17 4.5 3.2 3.7 4.0 3.9 -0.1

10 to 49 employees

1,876 1,997 1,912 1,923 2,047 124 5.1 4.7 4.5 4.5 4.5 0.0

50 to 249 employees

2,152 1,856 1,858 1,880 1,706 -174 5.3 5.0 5.0 5.0 4.7 -0.3

250 to 999 employees

953 807 804 831 737 -94 5.1 4.7 4.5 4.8 4.6 -0.2

1,000 to 4,999 employees

396 370 362 327 312 -15 4.5 4.3 4.0 3.8 4.0 0.2

5,000 or more employees

69 80 73 72 68 -4 1.9 2.0 1.8 1.8 1.7 -0.1

TOTAL SEPARATIONS

Total private

5,678 5,582 5,502 5,557 5,485 -72 4.4 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.1 -0.1

1 to 9 employees

740 813 826 705 726 21 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.2 3.1 -0.1

10 to 49 employees

1,729 1,776 1,923 1,966 2,042 76 4.7 4.2 4.5 4.6 4.5 -0.1

50 to 249 employees

1,907 1,753 1,594 1,753 1,612 -141 4.7 4.7 4.3 4.7 4.4 -0.3

250 to 999 employees

867 800 723 731 715 -16 4.6 4.6 4.0 4.2 4.4 0.2

1,000 to 4,999 employees

372 372 375 342 325 -17 4.2 4.3 4.2 4.0 4.1 0.1

5,000 or more employees

64 67 61 59 65 6 1.7 1.7 1.5 1.5 1.6 0.1

QUITS

Total private

4,066 3,932 3,858 3,681 3,824 143 3.2 3.0 2.9 2.8 2.9 0.1

1 to 9 employees

474 525 566 394 506 112 2.3 2.4 2.6 1.8 2.2 0.4

10 to 49 employees

1,269 1,337 1,403 1,395 1,464 69 3.5 3.1 3.3 3.2 3.2 0.0

50 to 249 employees

1,419 1,261 1,142 1,194 1,163 -31 3.5 3.4 3.1 3.2 3.2 0.0

250 to 999 employees

604 522 458 452 449 -3 3.2 3.0 2.6 2.6 2.8 0.2

1,000 to 4,999 employees

256 243 248 207 201 -6 2.9 2.8 2.8 2.4 2.5 0.1

5,000 or more employees

44 43 41 39 41 2 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.0

LAYOFFS AND DISCHARGES

Total private

1,346 1,409 1,378 1,630 1,427 -203 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.2 1.1 -0.1

1 to 9 employees

209 210 206 259 149 -110 1.0 0.9 1.0 1.2 0.6 -0.6

10 to 49 employees

394 384 440 507 508 1 1.1 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.1 -0.1

50 to 249 employees

417 440 382 507 404 -103 1.0 1.2 1.0 1.4 1.1 -0.3

250 to 999 employees

219 251 235 229 248 19 1.2 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.5 0.2

1,000 to 4,999 employees

96 110 103 115 102 -13 1.1 1.3 1.1 1.3 1.3 0.0

5,000 or more employees

12 15 12 12 16 4 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.1

OTHER SEPARATIONS

Total private

265 240 266 246 235 -11 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0

1 to 9 employees

57 79 54 52 72 20 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.1

10 to 49 employees

66 55 80 64 71 7 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1

50 to 249 employees

71 52 70 53 45 -8 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.0

250 to 999 employees

44 26 30 50 18 -32 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.1 -0.2

1,000 to 4,999 employees

20 19 24 20 22 2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.1

5,000 or more employees

8 9 8 8 8 0 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0

Footnotes
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Establishment size class data are produced for the total private sector only.
NOTE: The job openings level is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. The levels for hires, total separations, quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations are the number of each during the entire month. The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of employment plus job openings. The rates for hires, total separations, quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations are the number of each during the entire month as percent of employment.
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.


Table 8. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
Feb.
2022
Jan.
2023
Feb.
2023(p)
Feb.
2022
Jan.
2023
Feb.
2023(p)

Total

11,202 10,586 9,509 7.0 6.5 5.8

INDUSTRY

Total private

10,145 9,587 8,558 7.4 6.8 6.1

Mining and logging

30 37 32 5.0 5.6 4.9

Construction

388 292 384 5.0 3.7 4.8

Manufacturing

790 714 644 5.9 5.3 4.7

Durable goods

473 449 433 5.7 5.3 5.1

Nondurable goods

317 265 211 6.2 5.2 4.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities

1,808 1,729 1,542 6.0 5.7 5.1

Wholesale trade

334 321 316 5.4 5.1 5.0

Retail trade

928 783 757 5.7 4.8 4.7

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

546 625 469 7.1 7.9 6.1

Information

257 139 147 7.9 4.4 4.6

Financial activities

465 495 434 4.9 5.2 4.6

Finance and insurance

333 366 323 4.8 5.2 4.6

Real estate and rental and leasing

131 129 111 5.4 5.2 4.5

Professional and business services

2,204 2,220 1,745 9.1 9.0 7.2

Education and health services

2,139 2,155 1,800 8.2 8.0 6.7

Educational services

182 198 176 4.5 5.0 4.2

Health care and social assistance

1,957 1,957 1,624 8.8 8.5 7.2

Leisure and hospitality

1,680 1,417 1,470 10.2 8.3 8.5

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

215 175 257 9.6 7.6 10.5

Accommodation and food services

1,465 1,242 1,213 10.2 8.4 8.2

Other services

383 389 360 6.4 6.3 5.9

Government

1,058 1,000 951 4.5 4.3 4.0

Federal

164 180 130 5.4 5.9 4.3

State and local

894 819 821 4.4 4.0 4.0

State and local education

332 303 302 3.1 2.8 2.7

State and local, excluding education

562 517 519 6.0 5.4 5.4

REGION(3)

Northeast

2,034 1,706 1,637 7.1 5.9 5.6

South

4,171 4,302 3,894 7.0 7.0 6.4

Midwest

2,420 2,279 1,949 7.0 6.5 5.6

West

2,577 2,299 2,030 6.8 6.0 5.3

Footnotes
(1) The job openings level is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.
(2) The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of employment plus job openings.
(3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.


Table 9. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
Feb.
2022
Jan.
2023
Feb.
2023(p)
Feb.
2022
Jan.
2023
Feb.
2023(p)

Total

5,732 6,152 5,060 3.8 4.0 3.3

INDUSTRY

Total private

5,420 5,756 4,772 4.3 4.4 3.6

Mining and logging

18 27 22 3.1 4.4 3.6

Construction

364 357 315 5.0 4.7 4.1

Manufacturing

451 425 379 3.6 3.3 2.9

Durable goods

250 226 200 3.2 2.8 2.5

Nondurable goods

201 199 179 4.2 4.1 3.7

Trade, transportation, and utilities

1,151 1,192 971 4.1 4.1 3.4

Wholesale trade

155 186 173 2.7 3.1 2.9

Retail trade

743 667 593 4.8 4.3 3.8

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

252 338 205 3.6 4.6 2.8

Information

70 86 79 2.3 2.8 2.6

Financial activities

223 242 160 2.5 2.7 1.8

Finance and insurance

165 145 91 2.5 2.2 1.4

Real estate and rental and leasing

58 96 70 2.5 4.1 2.9

Professional and business services

1,216 1,206 968 5.5 5.4 4.3

Education and health services

758 986 762 3.1 4.0 3.0

Educational services

88 117 84 2.3 3.1 2.1

Health care and social assistance

670 869 679 3.3 4.1 3.2

Leisure and hospitality

966 1,028 946 6.5 6.6 6.0

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

102 104 125 5.1 4.9 5.7

Accommodation and food services

864 924 822 6.7 6.8 6.0

Other services

202 208 170 3.6 3.6 2.9

Government

312 396 288 1.4 1.8 1.3

Federal

33 38 38 1.2 1.3 1.3

State and local

279 358 250 1.4 1.8 1.3

State and local education

139 218 127 1.3 2.1 1.2

State and local, excluding education

140 139 123 1.6 1.5 1.4

REGION(3)

Northeast

851 853 686 3.2 3.1 2.5

South

2,507 2,610 2,147 4.5 4.6 3.8

Midwest

1,050 1,216 1,041 3.3 3.7 3.2

West

1,324 1,474 1,186 3.7 4.1 3.3

Footnotes
(1) The hires level is the number of hires during the entire month.
(2) The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of employment.
(3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.


Table 10. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
Feb.
2022
Jan.
2023
Feb.
2023(p)
Feb.
2022
Jan.
2023
Feb.
2023(p)

Total

5,009 6,415 4,737 3.3 4.2 3.1

INDUSTRY

Total private

4,736 6,118 4,514 3.7 4.7 3.4

Mining and logging

17 25 27 2.9 4.0 4.4

Construction

266 392 287 3.6 5.2 3.8

Manufacturing

402 391 374 3.2 3.0 2.9

Durable goods

225 211 198 2.9 2.6 2.4

Nondurable goods

177 180 177 3.7 3.7 3.6

Trade, transportation, and utilities

1,076 1,735 1,008 3.8 6.0 3.5

Wholesale trade

136 178 173 2.3 3.0 2.9

Retail trade

726 899 590 4.7 5.8 3.8

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

214 658 245 3.0 9.0 3.4

Information

58 123 95 2.0 4.0 3.1

Financial activities

171 247 155 1.9 2.7 1.7

Finance and insurance

129 140 95 1.9 2.1 1.4

Real estate and rental and leasing

42 107 60 1.8 4.5 2.5

Professional and business services

1,142 1,195 947 5.2 5.3 4.2

Education and health services

654 828 659 2.7 3.3 2.6

Educational services

63 73 64 1.6 1.9 1.6

Health care and social assistance

591 755 595 2.9 3.6 2.8

Leisure and hospitality

800 991 824 5.4 6.3 5.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

60 127 77 3.0 5.9 3.5

Accommodation and food services

740 864 747 5.8 6.4 5.5

Other services

150 191 137 2.7 3.3 2.4

Government

272 297 223 1.2 1.3 1.0

Federal

34 37 32 1.2 1.3 1.1

State and local

238 259 191 1.2 1.3 1.0

State and local education

104 127 84 1.0 1.2 0.8

State and local, excluding education

135 132 106 1.5 1.5 1.2

REGION(3)

Northeast

718 1,010 592 2.7 3.7 2.2

South

2,140 2,731 2,128 3.8 4.8 3.7

Midwest

988 1,290 952 3.1 4.0 2.9

West

1,163 1,384 1,065 3.3 3.8 2.9

Footnotes
(1) The total separations level is the number of total separations during the entire month.
(2) The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of employment.
(3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.


Table 11. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
Feb.
2022
Jan.
2023
Feb.
2023(p)
Feb.
2022
Jan.
2023
Feb.
2023(p)

Total

3,514 3,758 3,207 2.3 2.5 2.1

INDUSTRY

Total private

3,332 3,595 3,061 2.6 2.8 2.3

Mining and logging

11 15 17 1.8 2.5 2.7

Construction

135 173 123 1.8 2.3 1.6

Manufacturing

289 240 252 2.3 1.9 1.9

Durable goods

158 130 133 2.0 1.6 1.7

Nondurable goods

131 110 118 2.7 2.3 2.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities

841 907 717 3.0 3.2 2.5

Wholesale trade

103 94 120 1.8 1.6 2.0

Retail trade

583 601 426 3.8 3.9 2.8

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

155 212 171 2.2 2.9 2.4

Information

39 43 37 1.3 1.4 1.2

Financial activities

118 160 93 1.3 1.8 1.0

Finance and insurance

85 108 48 1.3 1.6 0.7

Real estate and rental and leasing

33 52 45 1.4 2.2 1.9

Professional and business services

637 545 518 2.9 2.4 2.3

Education and health services

514 637 524 2.1 2.6 2.1

Educational services

40 39 39 1.0 1.0 1.0

Health care and social assistance

474 598 485 2.3 2.9 2.3

Leisure and hospitality

633 749 705 4.3 4.8 4.5

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

42 70 54 2.1 3.3 2.4

Accommodation and food services

591 679 652 4.6 5.0 4.8

Other services

116 126 77 2.1 2.2 1.3

Government

183 162 146 0.8 0.7 0.6

Federal

19 17 17 0.7 0.6 0.6

State and local

163 146 128 0.8 0.8 0.6

State and local education

73 76 58 0.7 0.7 0.5

State and local, excluding education

90 70 71 1.0 0.8 0.8

REGION(3)

Northeast

493 497 385 1.8 1.8 1.4

South

1,498 1,648 1,530 2.7 2.9 2.7

Midwest

730 741 613 2.3 2.3 1.9

West

793 873 680 2.2 2.4 1.9

Footnotes
(1) The quits level is the number of quits during the entire month.
(2) The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of employment.
(3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.


Table 12. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
Feb.
2022
Jan.
2023
Feb.
2023(p)
Feb.
2022
Jan.
2023
Feb.
2023(p)

Total

1,197 2,299 1,270 0.8 1.5 0.8

INDUSTRY

Total private

1,157 2,222 1,231 0.9 1.7 0.9

Mining and logging

5 7 9 0.9 1.2 1.5

Construction

117 203 148 1.6 2.7 1.9

Manufacturing

90 118 108 0.7 0.9 0.8

Durable goods

52 59 54 0.7 0.7 0.7

Nondurable goods

39 59 55 0.8 1.2 1.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities

187 766 235 0.7 2.7 0.8

Wholesale trade

28 79 39 0.5 1.3 0.6

Retail trade

110 260 135 0.7 1.7 0.9

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

48 426 61 0.7 5.8 0.8

Information

8 61 47 0.3 2.0 1.5

Financial activities

37 65 37 0.4 0.7 0.4

Finance and insurance

28 24 24 0.4 0.4 0.4

Real estate and rental and leasing

9 41 13 0.4 1.7 0.6

Professional and business services

423 585 403 1.9 2.6 1.8

Education and health services

111 153 103 0.5 0.6 0.4

Educational services

17 25 21 0.4 0.7 0.5

Health care and social assistance

93 127 82 0.5 0.6 0.4

Leisure and hospitality

148 217 99 1.0 1.4 0.6

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

17 53 20 0.8 2.5 0.9

Accommodation and food services

131 164 79 1.0 1.2 0.6

Other services

31 47 43 0.5 0.8 0.7

Government

40 77 39 0.2 0.3 0.2

Federal

6 6 4 0.2 0.2 0.2

State and local

35 71 34 0.2 0.4 0.2

State and local education

18 36 17 0.2 0.3 0.2

State and local, excluding education

17 35 17 0.2 0.4 0.2

REGION(3)

Northeast

167 450 179 0.6 1.7 0.6

South

511 930 480 0.9 1.6 0.8

Midwest

214 489 292 0.7 1.5 0.9

West

305 429 320 0.9 1.2 0.9

Footnotes
(1) The layoffs and discharges level is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.
(2) The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of employment.
(3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.


Table 13. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
Feb.
2022
Jan.
2023
Feb.
2023(p)
Feb.
2022
Jan.
2023
Feb.
2023(p)

Total

297 358 259 0.2 0.2 0.2

INDUSTRY

Total private

248 301 221 0.2 0.2 0.2

Mining and logging

1 2 1 0.1 0.4 0.2

Construction

14 16 16 0.2 0.2 0.2

Manufacturing

23 33 15 0.2 0.3 0.1

Durable goods

15 22 11 0.2 0.3 0.1

Nondurable goods

8 11 4 0.2 0.2 0.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities

49 63 57 0.2 0.2 0.2

Wholesale trade

5 5 14 0.1 0.1 0.2

Retail trade

33 38 30 0.2 0.2 0.2

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

10 20 12 0.1 0.3 0.2

Information

11 19 11 0.4 0.6 0.4

Financial activities

16 22 25 0.2 0.2 0.3

Finance and insurance

16 8 23 0.2 0.1 0.3

Real estate and rental and leasing

0 14 3 0.0 0.6 0.1

Professional and business services

82 64 27 0.4 0.3 0.1

Education and health services

29 38 32 0.1 0.2 0.1

Educational services

6 8 4 0.2 0.2 0.1

Health care and social assistance

23 30 29 0.1 0.1 0.1

Leisure and hospitality

19 26 20 0.1 0.2 0.1

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

1 4 3 0.1 0.2 0.1

Accommodation and food services

18 22 16 0.1 0.2 0.1

Other services

4 17 17 0.1 0.3 0.3

Government

49 57 38 0.2 0.3 0.2

Federal

9 15 10 0.3 0.5 0.3

State and local

40 42 28 0.2 0.2 0.1

State and local education

12 15 10 0.1 0.1 0.1

State and local, excluding education

28 28 18 0.3 0.3 0.2

REGION(3)

Northeast

58 62 29 0.2 0.2 0.1

South

131 154 118 0.2 0.3 0.2

Midwest

43 59 47 0.1 0.2 0.1

West

65 83 65 0.2 0.2 0.2

Footnotes
(1) The other separations level is the number of other separations during the entire month.
(2) The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of employment.
(3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.


Table 14. Job openings, hires, and separations levels and rates by establishment size class, not seasonally adjusted
Establishment size class Levels (in thousands) Rates
Feb.
2022
Jan.
2023
Feb.
2023(p)
Feb.
2022
Jan.
2023
Feb.
2023(p)

JOB OPENINGS

Total private

10,145 9,587 8,558 7.4 6.8 6.1

1 to 9 employees

1,636 2,185 1,605 7.4 9.1 6.6

10 to 49 employees

2,901 2,806 2,810 7.4 6.2 5.9

50 to 249 employees

2,916 2,565 2,251 6.8 6.5 5.9

250 to 999 employees

1,576 1,062 956 7.8 5.9 5.7

1,000 to 4,999 employees

835 670 654 8.8 7.3 7.7

5,000 or more employees

280 298 282 7.1 7.1 6.7

HIRES

Total private

5,420 5,756 4,772 4.3 4.4 3.6

1 to 9 employees

762 1,070 726 3.7 4.9 3.2

10 to 49 employees

1,518 1,785 1,661 4.2 4.2 3.7

50 to 249 employees

1,876 1,717 1,446 4.7 4.7 4.0

250 to 999 employees

857 797 625 4.6 4.7 3.9

1,000 to 4,999 employees

345 309 257 4.0 3.7 3.3

5,000 or more employees

63 79 57 1.7 2.0 1.4

TOTAL SEPARATIONS

Total private

4,736 6,118 4,514 3.7 4.7 3.4

1 to 9 employees

579 910 582 2.8 4.2 2.5

10 to 49 employees

1,370 2,032 1,678 3.8 4.8 3.7

50 to 249 employees

1,660 1,889 1,341 4.2 5.1 3.7

250 to 999 employees

747 773 590 4.0 4.6 3.7

1,000 to 4,999 employees

331 449 272 3.8 5.3 3.5

5,000 or more employees

50 66 51 1.4 1.7 1.3

QUITS

Total private

3,332 3,595 3,061 2.6 2.8 2.3

1 to 9 employees

344 434 386 1.7 2.0 1.7

10 to 49 employees

980 1,314 1,162 2.7 3.1 2.6

50 to 249 employees

1,222 1,190 954 3.1 3.2 2.7

250 to 999 employees

521 425 365 2.8 2.5 2.3

1,000 to 4,999 employees

228 195 162 2.6 2.3 2.1

5,000 or more employees

35 37 33 1.0 1.0 0.8

LAYOFFS AND DISCHARGES

Total private

1,157 2,222 1,231 0.9 1.7 0.9

1 to 9 employees

190 400 137 0.9 1.8 0.6

10 to 49 employees

323 642 440 0.9 1.5 1.0

50 to 249 employees

366 639 344 0.9 1.7 1.0

250 to 999 employees

186 290 211 1.0 1.7 1.3

1,000 to 4,999 employees

83 233 86 1.0 2.8 1.1

5,000 or more employees

9 17 13 0.3 0.4 0.3

OTHER SEPARATIONS

Total private

248 301 221 0.2 0.2 0.2

1 to 9 employees

44 75 59 0.2 0.3 0.3

10 to 49 employees

68 76 76 0.2 0.2 0.2

50 to 249 employees

71 61 43 0.2 0.2 0.1

250 to 999 employees

39 58 15 0.2 0.3 0.1

1,000 to 4,999 employees

20 20 23 0.2 0.2 0.3

5,000 or more employees

5 11 5 0.1 0.3 0.1

Footnotes
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Establishment size class data are produced for the total private sector only.
NOTE: The job openings level is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. The levels for hires, total separations, quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations are the number of each during the entire month. The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of employment plus job openings. The rates for hires, total separations, quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations are the number of each during the entire month as percent of employment.
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.


Last Modified Date: April 04, 2023