For release 10:00 a.m. (EDT) Tuesday, April 6, 2010 USDL-10-0424
Technical information: (202) 691-5870 • JoltsInfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/jlt
Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov
Job Openings and Labor Turnover – February 2010
There were 2.7 million job openings on the last business day of
February 2010, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. The
job openings rate was little changed over the month at 2.1 percent.
The hires rate (3.1 percent) and the separations rate (3.1 percent)
were also little changed in February. This release includes estimates
of the number and rate of job openings, hires, and separations for the
total nonfarm sector by industry and geographic region.
___________________________________________________________________________
| New JOLTS Supplemental Materials |
| |
| With the release of the February 2010 data, new supplemental materials |
| will be posted to the JOLTS homepage each month. “Graphs and Highlights” |
| will provide graphs and a short discussion of data from JOLTS and other |
| BLS series, showing the historical behavior of JOLTS data elements alone |
| and compared to the other series as the economy moves through the business|
| cycle. Statistically significant change tables will provide results for |
| over-the-month and over-the-year change. The materials can be accessed |
| through the JOLTS homepage at http://www.bls.gov/web/jolts.supp.toc.htm. |
|___________________________________________________________________________|
Job Openings
The number of job openings was little changed in February at 2.7
million. Although little changed over the month, the level has trended
upward since the most recent trough of 2.3 million in July 2009. The
job openings level was little changed in February for most industries
and all four regions. (See table 1.)
- 2 -
Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally
adjusted
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Job openings | Hires | Total separations
|--------------------------------------------------------------
Industry | Feb. | Jan. | Feb. | Feb. | Jan. | Feb. | Feb. | Jan. | Feb.
| 2009 | 2010 | 2010p| 2009 | 2010 | 2010p| 2009 | 2010 | 2010p
-------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------
| Levels (in thousands)
|--------------------------------------------------------------
Total..............|2,830 |2,854 |2,723 |4,095 |4,087 |3,961 |4,869 |4,155 |3,957
| | | | | | | | |
Total private(1)..|2,483 |2,471 |2,368 |3,837 |3,790 |3,664 |4,588 |3,858 |3,661
Construction.....| 65 | 62 | 62 | 344 | 312 | 302 | 465 | 405 | 359
Manufacturing....| 136 | 154 | 171 | 250 | 289 | 259 | 433 | 276 | 264
Trade, trans- | | | | | | | | |
portation, and | | | | | | | | |
utilities(2)....| 447 | 395 | 462 | 806 | 822 | 814 | 936 | 856 | 810
Retail trade....| 325 | 255 | 320 | 546 | 584 | 563 | 602 | 577 | 553
Professional | | | | | | | | |
and business | | | | | | | | |
services........| 490 | 424 | 401 | 722 | 729 | 735 | 918 | 698 | 690
Education and | | | | | | | | |
health ser- | | | | | | | | |
vices...........| 561 | 624 | 552 | 520 | 487 | 483 | 508 | 457 | 455
Leisure and | | | | | | | | |
hospitality.....| 313 | 268 | 274 | 702 | 715 | 648 | 732 | 709 | 626
Arts, enter- | | | | | | | | |
tainment and | | | | | | | | |
recreation.....| 20 | 19 | 18 | 95 | 102 | 89 | 101 | 111 | 78
Accommodation | | | | | | | | |
and food | | | | | | | | |
services.......| 293 | 250 | 256 | 607 | 613 | 559 | 632 | 598 | 548
Government(3).....| 347 | 383 | 354 | 257 | 297 | 297 | 281 | 296 | 295
State and local | | | | | | | | |
government......| 305 | 256 | 246 | 248 | 254 | 255 | 260 | 269 | 264
|--------------------------------------------------------------
| Rates (percent)
|--------------------------------------------------------------
Total..............| 2.1 | 2.2 | 2.1 | 3.1 | 3.2 | 3.1 | 3.7 | 3.2 | 3.1
| | | | | | | | |
Total private(1)..| 2.2 | 2.3 | 2.2 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.4 | 4.2 | 3.6 | 3.4
Construction.....| 1.0 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 5.4 | 5.6 | 5.4 | 7.2 | 7.2 | 6.5
Manufacturing....| 1.1 | 1.3 | 1.5 | 2.0 | 2.5 | 2.2 | 3.5 | 2.4 | 2.3
Trade, trans- | | | | | | | | |
portation, and | | | | | | | | |
utilities(2)....| 1.7 | 1.6 | 1.8 | 3.2 | 3.3 | 3.3 | 3.7 | 3.5 | 3.3
Retail trade....| 2.2 | 1.7 | 2.2 | 3.7 | 4.1 | 3.9 | 4.1 | 4.0 | 3.8
Professional | | | | | | | | |
and business | | | | | | | | |
services........| 2.8 | 2.5 | 2.4 | 4.3 | 4.4 | 4.4 | 5.4 | 4.2 | 4.2
Education and | | | | | | | | |
health ser- | | | | | | | | |
vices...........| 2.9 | 3.1 | 2.8 | 2.7 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.7 | 2.4 | 2.3
Leisure and | | | | | | | | |
hospitality.....| 2.3 | 2.0 | 2.1 | 5.3 | 5.5 | 5.0 | 5.6 | 5.5 | 4.8
Arts, enter- | | | | | | | | |
tainment and | | | | | | | | |
recreation.....| 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 4.9 | 5.4 | 4.7 | 5.2 | 5.9 | 4.1
Accommodation | | | | | | | | |
and food | | | | | | | | |
services.......| 2.5 | 2.2 | 2.3 | 5.4 | 5.5 | 5.0 | 5.6 | 5.4 | 4.9
Government(3).....| 1.5 | 1.7 | 1.6 | 1.1 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 1.3
State and local | | | | | | | | |
government......| 1.5 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.4 | 1.3
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and
other services, not shown separately.
2 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not
shown separately.
3 Includes federal government, not shown separately.
p = preliminary.
In February, the number of job openings was little different from 12
months earlier for total nonfarm, total private, and government. The
job openings level was little changed in most industries and in 3 of
the 4 regions over the year; the level fell in the South. (See table
5.)
Hires
The hires rate was little changed in February at 3.1 percent. The rate
has remained between 3.0 percent and 3.2 percent since November 2008.
After falling from the most recent peak of 5.6 million hires in
January 2005, the hires level reached a low point of 3.9 million in
June 2009. In February 2010, the hires level was 4.0 million. The
hires rate was little changed in February for all industries and 3 of
the 4 regions; the rate decreased in the Northeast. (See table 2.)
- 3 -
Over the 12 months ending in February, the hires rate (not seasonally
adjusted) was unchanged for total nonfarm and total private, but
increased for government. The hires rate was little changed in the
remaining industries and in all four regions over the year. (See table
6.)
Separations
Total separations includes quits (voluntary separations), layoffs and
discharges (involuntary separations), and other separations (including
retirements). The total separations, or turnover, rate was little
changed in February for total nonfarm and remained low at 3.1 percent.
The rate was little changed for total private and government. The
total separations rate (not seasonally adjusted) decreased over the 12
months ending in February for total nonfarm and total private, while
the rate for government was little changed. (See tables 3 and 7.)
The quits rate can serve as a measure of workers’ willingness or
ability to change jobs. In February, the quits rate was little changed
for total nonfarm (1.4 percent), total private (1.6 percent), and
government (0.6 percent). The rate was little changed over the month
for most industries while increasing in the Northeast and West
regions. After falling from the most recent peak of 3.2 million in
November 2006, the number of quits has hovered between 1.7 million and
1.8 million since April 2009. (See table 4.)
Over the 12 months ending in February, the quits rate (not seasonally
adjusted) was little changed for total nonfarm, total private, and
government as well as in almost every industry and region. (See table
8.)
The layoffs and discharges component of total separations is
seasonally adjusted at the total nonfarm, total private, and
government levels. The layoffs and discharges level was little changed
in February for total nonfarm (1.8 million), total private (1.7
million), and government (110,000). Although little changed over the
month, the number of layoffs and discharges has trended downward since
peaking in January 2009 for total nonfarm and total private and since
June 2009 for government. (See table B below.)
The layoffs and discharges rate (not seasonally adjusted) fell over
the 12 months ending in February for total nonfarm and total private,
and was little changed for government. The layoffs and discharges rate
fell over the year in many industries and in 3 of the 4
regions—Midwest, South, and West. (See table 9.)
Table B. Layoffs and discharges by industry, seasonally adjusted
--------------------------------------------------------------------
| Levels (in thousands) | Rates
|------------------------------------------------
Industry | Feb. | Jan. | Feb. | Feb. | Jan. | Feb.
| 2009 | 2010 | 2010p| 2009 | 2010 | 2010p
-------------------|------------------------------------------------
Total..............| 2,593 | 1,953 | 1,822 | 2.0 | 1.5 | 1.4
Total private.....| 2,453 | 1,826 | 1,712 | 2.2 | 1.7 | 1.6
Government....... | 140 | 127 | 110 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.5
--------------------------------------------------------------------
p = preliminary.
The other separations series is not seasonally adjusted. In February,
there were 283,000 other separations for total nonfarm, 247,000 for
total private, and 36,000 for government. Compared to February 2009,
the number of other separations was little changed for total nonfarm,
total private, and government. (See table 10.)
- 4 -
The total separations level is influenced by the relative contribution
of its three components—quits, layoffs and discharges, and other
separations. The percentage of total separations at the total nonfarm
level attributable to the individual components has varied over time.
The proportion of quits had exceeded the proportion of layoffs and
discharges every month from the beginning of the series in December
2000 until November 2008 when layoffs and discharges became the larger
contributor to total separations. In April 2009, the proportion of
quits hit a low of 39 percent and began to rise, while the proportion
of layoffs and discharges hit a high of 56 percent and began to fall.
In February 2010, the relative contribution reversed again with the
proportion of quits (47 percent) slightly exceeding the proportion of
layoffs and discharges (46 percent). (See tables 3 and 4, and table B
above.)
Net Change in Employment
Over the 12 months ending in February, hires totaled 48.3 million and
separations totaled 51.5 million, yielding a net employment loss of
3.2 million.
____________
The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey results for March 2010 are
scheduled to be released on Tuesday, May 11, 2010 at 10:00 a.m. (EDT).
- 5 -
Technical Note
The data for the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS)
are collected and compiled monthly from a sample of business
establishments by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).
Collection
In a monthly survey of business establishments, data are
collected for total employment, job openings, hires, quits, layoffs
and discharges, and other separations. Data collection methods
include computer-assisted telephone interviewing, touchtone data
entry, fax, e-mail, and mail.
Coverage
The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments such
as factories, offices, and stores, as well as federal, state, and
local government entities in the 50 states and the District of
Columbia.
Concepts
Industry classification. The industry classifications in this
release are in accordance with the 2007 version of the North
American Industry Classification System (NAICS). In order to
ensure the highest possible quality of data, State Workforce
Agencies verify with employers and update, if necessary, the
industry code, location, and ownership classification of all
establishments on a 3-year cycle. Changes in establishment
characteristics resulting from the verification process are always
introduced into the JOLTS sampling frame with the data reported for
the first month of the year.
Employment. Employment includes persons on the payroll who
worked or received pay for the pay period that includes the 12th
day of the reference month. Full-time, part-time, permanent, short-
term, seasonal, salaried, and hourly employees are included, as are
employees on paid vacations or other paid leave. Proprietors or
partners of unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, or
persons on leave without pay or on strike for the entire pay
period, are not counted as employed. Employees of temporary help
agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, and
consultants are counted by their employer of record, not by the
establishment where they are working.
Job openings. Establishments submit job openings information for
the last business day of the reference month. A job opening
requires that: 1) a specific position exists and there is work
available for that position, 2) work could start within 30 days
regardless of whether a suitable candidate is found, and 3) the
employer is actively recruiting from outside the establishment to
fill the position. Included are full-time, part-time, permanent,
short-term, and seasonal openings. Active recruiting means that
the establishment is taking steps to fill a position by advertising
in newspapers or on the Internet, posting help-wanted signs,
accepting applications, or using other similar methods.
Jobs to be filled only by internal transfers, promotions,
demotions, or recall from layoffs are excluded. Also excluded are
jobs with start dates more than 30 days in the future, jobs for
which employees have been hired but have not yet reported for work,
and jobs to be filled by employees of temporary help agencies,
employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants.
The job openings rate is computed by dividing the number of job
openings by the sum of employment and job openings and multiplying
that quotient by 100.
Hires. Hires are the total number of additions to the payroll
occurring at any time during the reference month, including both
new and rehired employees, full-time and part-time, permanent,
short-term and seasonal employees, employees recalled to the
location after a layoff lasting more than 7 days, on-call or
intermittent employees who returned to work after having been
formally separated, and transfers from other locations. The hires
count does not include transfers or promotions within the reporting
site, employees returning from strike, employees of temporary help
agencies or employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or
consultants. The hires rate is computed by dividing the number of
hires by employment and multiplying that quotient by 100.
Separations. Separations are the total number of terminations of
employment occurring at any time during the reference month, and
are reported by type of separation--quits, layoffs and discharges,
and other separations. Quits are voluntary separations by
employees (except for retirements, which are reported as other
separations). Layoffs and discharges are involuntary separations
initiated by the employer and include layoffs with no intent to
rehire; formal layoffs lasting or expected to last more than 7
days; discharges resulting from mergers, downsizing, or closings;
firings or other discharges for cause; terminations of permanent or
short-term employees; and terminations of seasonal employees.
Other separations include retirements, transfers to other
locations, deaths, and separations due to disability. Separations
do not include transfers within the same location or employees on
strike.
The separations rate is computed by dividing the number of
separations by employment and multiplying that quotient by 100.
The quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations rates are
computed similarly, dividing the number by employment and
multiplying by 100.
Annual estimates. Annual estimates of rates and levels
- 6 -
of hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total
separations are released with the January news release each year.
The JOLTS annual level estimates for hires, quits, layoffs and
discharges, other separations, and total separations are the sum of
the 12 published monthly levels. The annual rate estimates are
computed by dividing the annual level by the Current Employment
Statistics (CES) annual average employment level, and multiplying
that quotient by 100. This figure will be approximately equal to
the sum of the 12 monthly rates. Note that both the JOLTS and CES
annual levels are rounded to the nearest thousand before the annual
estimates are calculated. Consistent with BLS practices, annual
estimates are published only for not seasonally adjusted data.
Annual estimates are not calculated for job openings because job
openings are a stock, or point-in-time, measurement for the last
business day of each month. Only jobs still open on the last day
of the month are counted. For the same reason job openings cannot
be cumulated throughout each month, annual figures for job openings
cannot be created by summing the monthly estimates. Hires and
separations are flow measures and are cumulated over the month with
a total reported for the month. Therefore, the annual figures can
be created by summing the monthly estimates.
Special Collection Procedures
An implied measure of employment change can be derived from the
JOLTS data by subtracting separations from hires for a given
month. Aggregating these monthly changes historically produced
employment levels that overstated employment change as measured by
CES at the total nonfarm level. Research into this problem showed
that a significant amount of the divergence between the CES
employment levels and the derived JOLTS employment levels was
traceable to the Employment Services industry and to the State
Government Education industry. In the former industry, businesses
have a difficult time reporting hires and separations of temporary
help workers. In the latter industry, employers have difficulty
reporting hires and separations of student workers. BLS now
devotes additional resources to the collection, editing, and review
of data for these industries. BLS analysts more closely examine
reported data that do not provide a consistent picture over time,
and re-contact the respondents as necessary. Analysts work with
the respondents to adjust their reporting practices as possible.
Units that cannot be reconciled but are clearly incorrect on a
consistent basis are not used, they are replaced by imputed values
using standard techniques.
Sample and estimation methodology
The JOLTS survey design is a random sample of 16,000 nonfarm
business establishments, including factories, offices, and stores,
as well as federal, state, and local governments in the 50 states
and the District of Columbia. The establishments are drawn from a
universe of over 9.1 million establishments compiled as part of the
operations of the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW)
program. This program includes all employers subject to state
Unemployment Insurance (UI) laws and federal agencies subject to
Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees (UCFE).
The sampling frame is stratified by ownership, region, industry
sector, and size class. The JOLTS sample is constructed from
individual panels of sample units drawn on an annual basis. The
full annual sample consists of one certainty panel composed of only
large units selected with virtual certainty based on their size and
24 non-certainty panels. Each month a new non-certainty panel is
rolled into collection, and the oldest non-certainty panel is
rolled out. This means that at any given time the JOLTS sample is
constructed from panels from three different annual sampling
frames. The entire sample of old plus new panels is post-
stratified and re-weighted annually to represent the most recent
sampling frame. Additionally, the out-of-business establishments
are removed from the old panels. The annual sample is supplemented
with a quarterly sample of birth establishments (i.e., new
establishments) to better reflect the impact of younger
establishments in the JOLTS sample.
JOLTS total employment estimates are benchmarked monthly to the
employment estimates of the Current Employment Statistics (CES)
survey. A ratio of CES to JOLTS employment is used to adjust the
levels for all other JOLTS data elements.
JOLTS Business Birth/Death Model
As with any sample survey, the JOLTS sample can only be as
current as its sampling frame. The time lag from the birth of an
establishment until its appearance on the sampling frame is
approximately one year. In addition, many of these new units may
fail within the first year. Since these universe units cannot be
reflected on the sampling frame immediately, the JOLTS sample
cannot capture job openings, hires, and separations from these
units during their early existence. BLS has developed a model to
estimate birth/death activity for current months by examining the
birth/death activity from previous years on the QCEW and projecting
forward to the present using an econometric technique known as X-12
ARIMA modeling. The birth/death model also uses historical JOLTS
data to estimate the amount of “churn” (hires and separations) that
exists in establishments of various sizes. The model then combines
the estimated churn with the projected employment change to
estimate the number of hires and separations taking place in these
units that cannot be measured through sampling.
- 7 -
The model-based estimate of total separations is distributed to
the three components – quits; layoffs and discharges; and other
separations - in proportion to their contribution to the sample-
based estimate of total separations. Additionally, job openings
for the modeled units are estimated by computing the ratio of
openings to hires in the collected data and applying that ratio to
the modeled hires. The estimates of job openings, hires, and
separations produced by the birth/death model are then added to the
sample-based estimates produced from the survey to arrive at the
estimates for openings, hires, and separations.
Seasonal adjustment
BLS seasonally adjusts several JOLTS series using the X-12-ARIMA
seasonal adjustment program. Seasonal adjustment is the process of
estimating and removing periodic fluctuations caused by events such
as weather, holidays, and the beginning and ending of the school
year. Seasonal adjustment makes it easier to observe fundamental
changes in the level of the series, particularly those associated
with general economic expansions and contractions. A concurrent
seasonal adjustment methodology is used in which new seasonal
adjustment factors are calculated each month, using all relevant
data, up to and including the data for the current month.
Alignment procedure
JOLTS hires minus separations should be comparable to the CES net
employment change. However, definitional differences as well as
sampling and non-sampling errors between the two surveys
historically caused JOLTS to diverge from CES over time. To limit
the divergence, and improve the quality of the JOLTS hires and
separations series, BLS implemented the Monthly Alignment Method.
The Monthly Alignment Method applies the CES employment trends to
the seasonally adjusted JOLTS implied employment trend (hires minus
separations) forcing them to be approximately the same, while
preserving the seasonality of the JOLTS data. First, the two
series are seasonally adjusted and the difference between the JOLTS
implied employment trend and the CES net employment change is
calculated. Next, the JOLTS implied employment trend is adjusted to
equal the CES net employment change through a proportional
adjustment. This proportional adjustment procedure adjusts the two
components (hires, separations) proportionally to their
contribution to the total churn (hires plus separations). For
example, if hires are 40 percent of the churn for a given month,
they will receive 40 percent of the needed adjustment and
separations will receive 60 percent of the needed adjustment. The
adjusted hires and separations are converted back to not seasonally
adjusted data by reversing the application of the original seasonal
factors. After the monthly alignment method has been used to
adjust the level estimates, rate estimates are computed from the
adjusted levels. The Monthly Alignment procedure assures a close
match of the JOLTS implied employment trend with the CES trend. The
CES series is considered a highly accurate measure of net
employment change owing to its very large sample size and annual
benchmarking to universe counts of employment from the QCEW
program.
Using JOLTS data
The JOLTS data series on job openings, hires, and separations are
relatively new. The full sample is divided into panels, with one
panel enrolled each month. A full complement of panels for the
original data series based on the 1987 Standard Industrial
Classification (SIC) system was not completely enrolled in the
survey until January 2002. The supplemental panels of
establishments needed to create NAICS estimates were not completely
enrolled until May 2003. The data collected up until those points
are from less than a full sample. Therefore, estimates from
earlier months should be used with caution, as fewer sampled units
were reporting data at that time.
In March 2002, BLS procedures for collecting hires and
separations data were revised to address possible underreporting.
As a result, JOLTS hires and separations estimates for months prior
to March 2002 may not be comparable to estimates for March 2002 and
later.
The federal government reorganization that involved transferring
approximately 180,000 employees to the new Department of Homeland
Security is not reflected in the JOLTS hires and separations
estimates for the federal government. The Office of Personnel
Management's record shows these transfers were completed in March
2003. The inclusion of transfers in the JOLTS definitions of hires
and separations is intended to cover ongoing movements of workers
between establishments. The Department of Homeland Security
reorganization was a massive one-time event, and the inclusion of
these intergovernmental transfers would distort the federal
government time series.
JOLTS uses moving averages as seasonal filters in seasonal
adjustment. JOLTS seasonal adjustment includes both additive and
multiplicative seasonal adjustment models and REGARIMA (regression
with autocorrelated errors) modeling to improve the seasonal
adjustment factors at the beginning and end of the series and to
detect and adjust for outliers in the series.
Reliability of the estimates
JOLTS estimates are subject to both sampling and nonsampling
error. When a sample rather than the entire population is
surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ
from the "true" population values they represent. The exact
difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the particular
sample selected, and this variability is measured by the standard
error of the estimate. BLS analysis is generally conducted at the
90-percent level of confidence. That means that there is a
- 8 -
90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a
sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard errors from the
"true" population value because of sampling error. Estimates of
sampling errors are available upon request.
The JOLTS estimates also are affected by nonsampling error.
Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, including the failure
to include a segment of the population, the inability to obtain
data from all units in the sample, the inability or unwillingness
of respondents to provide data on a timely basis, mistakes made by
respondents, errors made in the collection or processing of the
data, and errors from the employment benchmark data used in
estimation.
Other information
Information in this release will be made available to sensory
impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-691-5200; TDD
message referral phone: 1-800-877-8339.
Table 1. Job openings levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, seasonally adjusted
Levels(3) (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Feb. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Feb. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb.
2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2010 2010p 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2010 2010p
Total.................................... 2,830 2,624 2,546 2,456 2,531 2,854 2,723 2.1 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.9 2.2 2.1
INDUSTRY
Total private(4)........................ 2,483 2,333 2,164 2,113 2,130 2,471 2,368 2.2 2.1 2.0 1.9 2.0 2.3 2.2
Construction........................... 65 73 65 71 67 62 62 1.0 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.1
Manufacturing.......................... 136 139 141 155 171 154 171 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.5 1.3 1.5
Trade, transportation, and utilities(5) 447 415 363 334 378 395 462 1.7 1.7 1.4 1.3 1.5 1.6 1.8
Retail trade.......................... 325 282 228 207 237 255 320 2.2 1.9 1.6 1.4 1.6 1.7 2.2
Professional and business services..... 490 446 436 425 404 424 401 2.8 2.7 2.6 2.5 2.4 2.5 2.4
Education and health services.......... 561 573 529 537 545 624 552 2.9 2.9 2.7 2.7 2.7 3.1 2.8
Leisure and hospitality................ 313 305 268 236 227 268 274 2.3 2.3 2.0 1.8 1.7 2.0 2.1
Arts, entertainment, and recreation... 20 27 19 23 20 19 18 1.0 1.4 1.0 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.0
Accommodation and food services....... 293 278 249 214 207 250 256 2.5 2.4 2.2 1.9 1.8 2.2 2.3
Government(6)........................... 347 292 382 343 401 383 354 1.5 1.3 1.7 1.5 1.8 1.7 1.6
State and local government............. 305 232 292 249 294 256 246 1.5 1.2 1.5 1.3 1.5 1.3 1.2
REGION(7)
Northeast.............................. 625 532 532 482 547 585 590 2.4 2.1 2.1 1.9 2.2 2.3 2.3
South.................................. 1,064 952 915 859 943 986 916 2.2 2.0 1.9 1.8 2.0 2.1 1.9
Midwest................................ 581 565 566 553 495 613 579 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.7 2.0 1.9
West................................... 609 566 605 586 603 648 695 2.0 1.9 2.1 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.4
1 Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.
2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus
job openings.
3 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown.
4 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.
5 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.
6 Includes federal government, not shown separately.
7 The States (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts,
New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of
Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas,
Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio,
South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah,
Washington, and Wyoming.
p = preliminary.
Table 2. Hires levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, seasonally adjusted
Levels(3) (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Feb. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Feb. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb.
2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2010 2010p 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2010 2010p
Total.................................... 4,095 4,091 4,001 4,160 3,997 4,087 3,961 3.1 3.2 3.1 3.2 3.1 3.2 3.1
INDUSTRY
Total private(4)........................ 3,837 3,833 3,689 3,878 3,715 3,790 3,664 3.5 3.6 3.4 3.6 3.5 3.5 3.4
Construction........................... 344 349 325 329 335 312 302 5.4 6.0 5.7 5.7 5.9 5.6 5.4
Manufacturing.......................... 250 271 243 259 244 289 259 2.0 2.3 2.1 2.2 2.1 2.5 2.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities(5) 806 854 772 847 849 822 814 3.2 3.4 3.1 3.4 3.4 3.3 3.3
Retail trade.......................... 546 566 518 554 547 584 563 3.7 3.9 3.6 3.9 3.8 4.1 3.9
Professional and business services..... 722 698 709 808 652 729 735 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.9 4.0 4.4 4.4
Education and health services.......... 520 532 522 512 496 487 483 2.7 2.8 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.5 2.5
Leisure and hospitality................ 702 693 663 693 657 715 648 5.3 5.3 5.1 5.3 5.1 5.5 5.0
Arts, entertainment, and recreation... 95 121 100 111 94 102 89 4.9 6.3 5.2 5.9 5.0 5.4 4.7
Accommodation and food services....... 607 572 563 582 562 613 559 5.4 5.1 5.1 5.2 5.1 5.5 5.0
Government(6)........................... 257 258 312 282 282 297 297 1.1 1.1 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3
State and local government............. 248 236 271 247 254 254 255 1.3 1.2 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3
REGION(7)
Northeast.............................. 757 731 805 758 746 836 699 3.0 3.0 3.3 3.1 3.0 3.4 2.8
South.................................. 1,427 1,518 1,420 1,555 1,463 1,449 1,338 3.0 3.2 3.0 3.3 3.1 3.1 2.9
Midwest................................ 830 926 949 896 900 936 918 2.7 3.1 3.2 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.1
West................................... 851 954 933 970 879 922 812 2.9 3.3 3.2 3.4 3.1 3.2 2.8
1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.
2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
3 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown.
4 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.
5 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.
6 Includes federal government, not shown separately.
7 See footnote 7, table 1.
p = preliminary.
Table 3. Total separations levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, seasonally adjusted
Levels(3) (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Feb. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Feb. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb.
2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2010 2010p 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2010 2010p
Total.................................... 4,869 4,274 4,171 4,130 4,195 4,155 3,957 3.7 3.3 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.1
INDUSTRY
Total private(4)........................ 4,588 3,990 3,901 3,846 3,884 3,858 3,661 4.2 3.7 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.4
Construction........................... 465 415 381 347 382 405 359 7.2 7.1 6.6 6.1 6.7 7.2 6.5
Manufacturing.......................... 433 313 293 285 273 276 264 3.5 2.7 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.3
Trade, transportation, and utilities(5) 936 916 844 853 901 856 810 3.7 3.7 3.4 3.5 3.7 3.5 3.3
Retail trade.......................... 602 605 567 544 567 577 553 4.1 4.2 3.9 3.8 3.9 4.0 3.8
Professional and business services..... 918 705 717 706 649 698 690 5.4 4.3 4.4 4.3 3.9 4.2 4.2
Education and health services.......... 508 503 473 486 486 457 455 2.7 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.3
Leisure and hospitality................ 732 677 707 716 688 709 626 5.6 5.2 5.4 5.5 5.3 5.5 4.8
Arts, entertainment, and recreation... 101 86 128 116 109 111 78 5.2 4.4 6.7 6.1 5.8 5.9 4.1
Accommodation and food services....... 632 591 579 600 578 598 548 5.6 5.3 5.2 5.4 5.2 5.4 4.9
Government(6)........................... 281 284 269 284 311 296 295 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.3
State and local government............. 260 267 242 249 283 269 264 1.3 1.4 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.3
REGION(7)
Northeast.............................. 783 744 727 728 817 789 703 3.1 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.3 3.2 2.9
South.................................. 1,759 1,598 1,544 1,531 1,499 1,561 1,437 3.7 3.4 3.3 3.3 3.2 3.3 3.1
Midwest................................ 1,089 948 920 752 1,016 988 859 3.6 3.2 3.1 2.6 3.5 3.4 2.9
West................................... 1,166 1,037 939 894 1,061 1,034 925 4.0 3.6 3.3 3.1 3.7 3.6 3.2
1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.
2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
3 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown.
4 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.
5 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.
6 Includes federal government, not shown separately.
7 See footnote 7, table 1.
p = preliminary.
Table 4. Quits levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, seasonally adjusted
Levels(3) (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Feb. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Feb. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb.
2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2010 2010p 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2010 2010p
Total.................................... 2,003 1,716 1,723 1,837 1,753 1,772 1,848 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4
INDUSTRY
Total private(4)........................ 1,889 1,616 1,620 1,731 1,639 1,661 1,712 1.7 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.6
Construction........................... 88 77 62 92 76 99 81 1.4 1.3 1.1 1.6 1.3 1.8 1.5
Manufacturing.......................... 100 90 80 75 75 85 96 .8 .8 .7 .6 .7 .7 .8
Trade, transportation, and utilities(5) 410 387 382 413 392 368 461 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.9
Retail trade.......................... 309 285 287 276 291 266 361 2.1 2.0 2.0 1.9 2.0 1.8 2.5
Professional and business services..... 311 265 277 264 248 259 270 1.8 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.6
Education and health services.......... 266 270 267 262 271 248 241 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.2
Leisure and hospitality................ 437 345 356 397 375 401 391 3.3 2.6 2.7 3.0 2.9 3.1 3.0
Arts, entertainment, and recreation... 34 14 39 42 32 48 31 1.8 .7 2.0 2.2 1.7 2.5 1.6
Accommodation and food services....... 403 331 317 355 344 353 360 3.6 3.0 2.8 3.2 3.1 3.2 3.2
Government(6)........................... 114 100 102 106 114 112 136 .5 .4 .5 .5 .5 .5 .6
State and local government............. 110 96 98 101 106 106 125 .6 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .6
REGION(7)
Northeast.............................. 287 245 300 276 280 268 344 1.1 1.0 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.4
South.................................. 774 659 677 757 722 736 787 1.6 1.4 1.4 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.7
Midwest................................ 523 359 382 377 391 380 440 1.7 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.5
West................................... 519 371 388 446 382 362 446 1.8 1.3 1.3 1.6 1.3 1.3 1.6
1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.
2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
3 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown.
4 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.
5 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.
6 Includes federal government, not shown separately.
7 See footnote 7, table 1.
p = preliminary.
Table 5. Job openings levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Feb. Jan. Feb. Feb. Jan. Feb.
2009 2010 2010p 2009 2010 2010p
Total........................................... 2,666 3,122 2,589 2.0 2.4 2.0
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 2,350 2,713 2,270 2.1 2.5 2.1
Mining and Logging............................ 9 11 15 1.2 1.7 2.2
Construction.................................. 66 61 62 1.1 1.1 1.2
Manufacturing................................. 136 161 172 1.1 1.4 1.5
Durable goods................................ 66 84 97 .9 1.2 1.4
Nondurable goods............................. 69 77 74 1.5 1.7 1.6
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 404 412 436 1.6 1.7 1.8
Wholesale trade.............................. 89 119 89 1.6 2.1 1.6
Retail trade................................. 275 252 282 1.9 1.7 2.0
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 39 41 64 .8 .9 1.4
Information................................... 67 124 77 2.3 4.4 2.8
Financial activities.......................... 183 237 149 2.3 3.0 1.9
Finance and insurance........................ 136 201 110 2.3 3.4 1.9
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 47 36 39 2.3 1.8 2.0
Professional and business services............ 482 488 391 2.8 2.9 2.3
Education and health services................. 551 682 530 2.8 3.4 2.6
Educational services......................... 51 38 56 1.6 1.2 1.7
Health care and social assistance............ 500 644 474 3.0 3.8 2.8
Leisure and hospitality....................... 285 275 255 2.2 2.2 2.0
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 21 17 18 1.2 1.0 1.1
Accommodation and food services............. 264 258 236 2.4 2.3 2.2
Other services................................ 168 262 184 3.0 4.8 3.4
Government..................................... 316 409 319 1.4 1.8 1.4
Federal....................................... 35 162 91 1.2 5.4 3.1
State and local............................... 281 247 228 1.4 1.2 1.1
REGION (3)
Northeast..................................... 554 662 535 2.2 2.7 2.1
South......................................... 1,026 1,076 872 2.1 2.3 1.9
Midwest....................................... 528 660 526 1.7 2.2 1.8
West.......................................... 558 724 656 1.9 2.5 2.3
1 Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.
2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a
percent of total employment plus job openings.
3 See footnote 7, table 1.
p = preliminary.
Table 6. Hires levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Feb. Jan. Feb. Feb. Jan. Feb.
2009 2010 2010p 2009 2010 2010p
Total........................................... 3,343 4,021 3,225 2.5 3.2 2.5
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 3,172 3,732 3,019 2.9 3.5 2.9
Mining and Logging............................ 14 33 19 1.9 4.9 2.9
Construction.................................. 277 275 237 4.6 5.2 4.6
Manufacturing................................. 222 304 234 1.8 2.7 2.0
Durable goods................................ 127 201 128 1.7 2.9 1.8
Nondurable goods............................. 95 103 106 2.1 2.3 2.4
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 612 718 615 2.5 2.9 2.5
Wholesale trade.............................. 91 136 107 1.6 2.5 2.0
Retail trade................................. 406 477 418 2.8 3.3 3.0
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 115 105 89 2.4 2.3 1.9
Information................................... 53 72 40 1.9 2.6 1.5
Financial activities.......................... 142 206 137 1.8 2.7 1.8
Finance and insurance........................ 93 141 86 1.6 2.5 1.5
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 50 65 51 2.5 3.4 2.6
Professional and business services............ 625 820 653 3.8 5.1 4.0
Education and health services................. 455 504 415 2.4 2.6 2.1
Educational services......................... 68 74 61 2.1 2.4 1.9
Health care and social assistance............ 386 430 354 2.4 2.7 2.2
Leisure and hospitality....................... 587 625 534 4.7 5.1 4.3
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 64 92 57 3.7 5.5 3.4
Accommodation and food services............. 523 534 477 4.8 5.0 4.4
Other services................................ 184 176 135 3.4 3.4 2.6
Government..................................... 171 289 206 .7 1.3 .9
Federal....................................... 7 48 34 .3 1.7 1.2
State and local............................... 164 241 171 .8 1.2 .9
REGION (3)
Northeast..................................... 596 801 550 2.4 3.3 2.3
South......................................... 1,303 1,456 1,205 2.7 3.2 2.6
Midwest....................................... 705 905 775 2.4 3.1 2.7
West.......................................... 739 859 696 2.5 3.0 2.5
1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.
2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
3 See footnote 7, table 1.
p = preliminary.
Table 7. Total separations levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Feb. Jan. Feb. Feb. Jan. Feb.
2009 2010 2010p 2009 2010 2010p
Total........................................... 3,886 5,489 3,129 3.0 4.3 2.4
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 3,725 5,147 2,957 3.4 4.9 2.8
Mining and Logging............................ 27 33 16 3.6 5.0 2.4
Construction.................................. 394 536 302 6.6 10.2 5.9
Manufacturing................................. 376 415 230 3.1 3.6 2.0
Durable goods................................ 239 262 129 3.1 3.7 1.8
Nondurable goods............................. 137 153 101 3.0 3.4 2.3
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 777 1,244 667 3.1 5.1 2.7
Wholesale trade.............................. 140 185 108 2.5 3.4 2.0
Retail trade................................. 507 862 463 3.5 6.0 3.3
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 130 198 96 2.7 4.3 2.1
Information................................... 60 119 52 2.1 4.4 1.9
Financial activities.......................... 190 347 146 2.4 4.6 1.9
Finance and insurance........................ 122 247 85 2.1 4.3 1.5
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 68 101 61 3.4 5.2 3.2
Professional and business services............ 773 827 601 4.6 5.1 3.7
Education and health services................. 390 613 346 2.0 3.2 1.8
Educational services......................... 43 77 33 1.3 2.5 1.0
Health care and social assistance............ 346 536 314 2.2 3.3 1.9
Leisure and hospitality....................... 553 782 463 4.4 6.3 3.7
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 58 103 42 3.3 6.2 2.5
Accommodation and food services............. 496 678 421 4.6 6.3 3.9
Other services................................ 185 230 133 3.4 4.4 2.5
Government..................................... 161 342 172 .7 1.5 .8
Federal....................................... 16 40 26 .6 1.4 .9
State and local............................... 145 303 147 .7 1.6 .7
REGION (3)
Northeast..................................... 595 977 524 2.4 4.0 2.2
South......................................... 1,456 1,949 1,177 3.1 4.2 2.5
Midwest....................................... 881 1,296 679 2.9 4.5 2.3
West.......................................... 955 1,267 749 3.3 4.5 2.6
1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.
2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of
total employment.
3 See footnote 7, table 1.
p = preliminary.
Table 8. Quits levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Feb. Jan. Feb. Feb. Jan. Feb.
2009 2010 2010p 2009 2010 2010p
Total........................................... 1,550 2,121 1,430 1.2 1.7 1.1
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 1,476 1,991 1,339 1.4 1.9 1.3
Mining and Logging............................ 8 11 6 1.1 1.7 .8
Construction.................................. 68 96 65 1.1 1.8 1.3
Manufacturing................................. 80 108 79 .7 .9 .7
Durable goods................................ 37 49 41 .5 .7 .6
Nondurable goods............................. 43 58 37 .9 1.3 .8
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 320 449 358 1.3 1.8 1.5
Wholesale trade.............................. 36 56 33 .6 1.0 .6
Retail trade................................. 238 325 280 1.7 2.3 2.0
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 45 68 45 .9 1.5 1.0
Information................................... 25 43 23 .9 1.6 .8
Financial activities.......................... 62 138 58 .8 1.8 .8
Finance and insurance........................ 44 96 30 .8 1.7 .5
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 18 42 28 .9 2.2 1.5
Professional and business services............ 256 280 231 1.5 1.7 1.4
Education and health services................. 201 333 180 1.0 1.7 .9
Educational services......................... 23 42 19 .7 1.4 .6
Health care and social assistance............ 178 291 161 1.1 1.8 1.0
Leisure and hospitality....................... 329 424 295 2.6 3.4 2.4
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 21 40 18 1.2 2.4 1.0
Accommodation and food services............. 308 385 277 2.8 3.6 2.6
Other services................................ 127 110 45 2.4 2.1 .9
Government..................................... 74 130 91 .3 .6 .4
Federal....................................... 3 8 9 .1 .3 .3
State and local............................... 71 122 82 .4 .6 .4
REGION (3)
Northeast..................................... 181 334 211 .7 1.4 .9
South......................................... 589 891 582 1.2 1.9 1.3
Midwest....................................... 385 479 310 1.3 1.7 1.1
West.......................................... 395 418 327 1.4 1.5 1.2
1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.
2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
3 See footnote 7, table 1.
p = preliminary.
Table 9. Layoffs and discharges levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Feb. Jan. Feb. Feb. Jan. Feb.
2009 2010 2010p 2009 2010 2010p
Total........................................... 2,071 2,836 1,415 1.6 2.2 1.1
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 2,015 2,698 1,370 1.9 2.6 1.3
Mining and Logging............................ 17 18 9 2.3 2.7 1.4
Construction.................................. 318 414 219 5.3 7.9 4.2
Manufacturing................................. 278 271 136 2.3 2.4 1.2
Durable goods................................ 191 190 78 2.5 2.7 1.1
Nondurable goods............................. 88 81 58 1.9 1.8 1.3
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 406 674 236 1.6 2.8 1.0
Wholesale trade.............................. 98 103 59 1.7 1.9 1.1
Retail trade................................. 234 474 135 1.6 3.3 1.0
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 74 97 42 1.5 2.1 .9
Information................................... 32 56 25 1.1 2.1 .9
Financial activities.......................... 117 122 60 1.5 1.6 .8
Finance and insurance........................ 68 74 34 1.2 1.3 .6
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 48 48 26 2.4 2.5 1.3
Professional and business services............ 455 490 322 2.7 3.0 2.0
Education and health services................. 141 213 142 .7 1.1 .7
Educational services......................... 17 27 11 .5 .9 .3
Health care and social assistance............ 124 186 131 .8 1.1 .8
Leisure and hospitality....................... 196 326 142 1.6 2.6 1.1
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 36 56 20 2.1 3.4 1.2
Accommodation and food services............. 160 270 122 1.5 2.5 1.1
Other services................................ 55 114 80 1.0 2.2 1.5
Government..................................... 56 137 45 .2 .6 .2
Federal....................................... 6 12 8 .2 .4 .3
State and local............................... 50 126 37 .2 .6 .2
REGION (3)
Northeast..................................... 346 529 258 1.4 2.2 1.1
South......................................... 773 875 497 1.6 1.9 1.1
Midwest....................................... 437 707 305 1.5 2.4 1.0
West.......................................... 516 725 355 1.8 2.6 1.3
1 Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.
2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a
percent of total employment.
3 See footnote 7, table 1.
p = preliminary.
Table 10. Other separations levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Feb. Jan. Feb. Feb. Jan. Feb.
2009 2010 2010p 2009 2010 2010p
Total........................................... 264 532 283 0.2 0.4 0.2
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 234 457 247 .2 .4 .2
Mining and Logging............................ 1 4 1 .2 .6 .2
Construction.................................. 8 27 19 .1 .5 .4
Manufacturing................................. 18 36 15 .1 .3 .1
Durable goods................................ 12 23 10 .2 .3 .1
Nondurable goods............................. 6 13 5 .1 .3 .1
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 51 122 72 .2 .5 .3
Wholesale trade.............................. 6 25 17 .1 .5 .3
Retail trade................................. 35 63 47 .2 .4 .3
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 10 34 8 .2 .7 .2
Information................................... 3 19 5 .1 .7 .2
Financial activities.......................... 11 87 27 .1 1.2 .4
Finance and insurance........................ 9 76 21 .2 1.3 .4
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 2 11 7 .1 .6 .3
Professional and business services............ 62 57 49 .4 .4 .3
Education and health services................. 47 66 24 .2 .3 .1
Educational services......................... 2 7 2 .1 .2 .1
Health care and social assistance............ 45 59 22 .3 .4 .1
Leisure and hospitality....................... 29 31 26 .2 .3 .2
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 1 7 4 (4) .4 .2
Accommodation and food services............. 28 24 22 .3 .2 .2
Other services................................ 2 6 7 (4) .1 .1
Government..................................... 30 75 36 .1 .3 .2
Federal....................................... 7 20 9 .2 .7 .3
State and local............................... 24 55 28 .1 .3 .1
REGION (3)
Northeast..................................... 67 114 55 .3 .5 .2
South......................................... 94 182 98 .2 .4 .2
Midwest....................................... 59 110 63 .2 .4 .2
West.......................................... 43 126 67 .1 .4 .2
1 Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.
2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of
total employment.
3 See footnote 7, table 1.
4 Data round to zero
p = preliminary.
United States Department of Labor
