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For release 10:00 a.m. (EDT) Tuesday, May 7, 2013 USDL-13-0846 Technical information: (202) 691-5870 • JoltsInfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/jlt Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – MARCH 2013 There were 3.8 million job openings on the last business day of March, little changed from 3.9 million in February, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. The hires rate (3.2 percent) and separations rate (3.1 percent) were little changed in March. This release includes estimates of the number and rate of job openings, hires, and separations for the nonfarm sector by industry and by geographic region. Job Openings The number of job openings in March was 3.8 million, little changed from February. (See table 1.) In March, the number of job openings was little changed in all industries and regions. The number of job openings in March (not seasonally adjusted) was little changed over the year for total nonfarm, total private, and government. Job openings decreased over the year for nondurable goods manufacturing and federal government; openings increased over the year for accommodation and food services. Job openings were little changed over the year for all regions. (See table 7.) Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | Job openings | Hires | Total separations |-------------------------------------------------------------- Industry | Mar. | Feb. | Mar. | Mar. | Feb. | Mar. | Mar. | Feb. | Mar. | 2012 | 2013 | 2013p| 2012 | 2013 | 2013p| 2012 | 2013 | 2013p -------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------- | Levels (in thousands) |-------------------------------------------------------------- Total..........................|3,848 |3,899 |3,844 |4,435 |4,451 |4,259 |4,180 |4,180 |4,213 | | | | | | | | | Total private(1)..............|3,453 |3,478 |3,451 |4,133 |4,138 |3,966 |3,885 |3,884 |3,920 Construction.................| 96 | 116 | 101 | 323 | 353 | 338 | 313 | 322 | 331 Manufacturing................| 324 | 274 | 260 | 259 | 231 | 200 | 220 | 225 | 205 Trade, transportation, | | | | | | | | | and utilities(2)............| 641 | 644 | 694 | 862 | 936 | 818 | 836 | 863 | 841 Retail trade................| 410 | 396 | 424 | 577 | 651 | 554 | 566 | 583 | 569 Professional and | | | | | | | | | business services...........| 786 | 709 | 664 | 896 | 845 | 869 | 849 | 770 | 821 Education and health | | | | | | | | | services(3).................| 680 | 672 | 643 | 514 | 499 | 515 | 462 | 482 | 490 Health care and | | | | | | | | | social assistance..........| 614 | 612 | 577 | 432 | 437 | 434 | 400 | 413 | 416 Leisure and hospitality......| 433 | 488 | 523 | 813 | 762 | 754 | 763 | 730 | 750 Arts, entertainment | | | | | | | | | and recreation.............| 52 | 52 | 66 | 159 | 116 | 112 | 140 | 103 | 106 Accommodation and | | | | | | | | | food services..............| 381 | 437 | 457 | 654 | 646 | 642 | 622 | 627 | 643 Government(4).................| 396 | 421 | 393 | 301 | 313 | 293 | 294 | 296 | 293 State and local..............| 326 | 357 | 348 | 271 | 266 | 262 | 264 | 251 | 250 |-------------------------------------------------------------- | Rates (percent) |-------------------------------------------------------------- Total..........................| 2.8 | 2.8 | 2.8 | 3.3 | 3.3 | 3.2 | 3.1 | 3.1 | 3.1 | | | | | | | | | Total private(1)..............| 3.0 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 3.7 | 3.7 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.4 | 3.5 Construction.................| 1.7 | 2.0 | 1.7 | 5.7 | 6.1 | 5.8 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 5.7 Manufacturing................| 2.6 | 2.2 | 2.1 | 2.2 | 1.9 | 1.7 | 1.8 | 1.9 | 1.7 Trade, transportation, | | | | | | | | | and utilities(2)............| 2.5 | 2.4 | 2.6 | 3.4 | 3.6 | 3.2 | 3.3 | 3.3 | 3.3 Retail trade................| 2.7 | 2.6 | 2.7 | 3.9 | 4.3 | 3.7 | 3.8 | 3.9 | 3.8 Professional and | | | | | | | | | business services...........| 4.2 | 3.7 | 3.5 | 5.0 | 4.6 | 4.7 | 4.8 | 4.2 | 4.5 Education and health | | | | | | | | | services(3).................| 3.3 | 3.2 | 3.0 | 2.5 | 2.4 | 2.5 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.4 Health care and | | | | | | | | | social assistance..........| 3.5 | 3.4 | 3.2 | 2.6 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 2.4 Leisure and hospitality......| 3.1 | 3.4 | 3.6 | 5.9 | 5.5 | 5.4 | 5.6 | 5.2 | 5.4 Arts, entertainment | | | | | | | | | and recreation.............| 2.5 | 2.5 | 3.2 | 8.0 | 5.8 | 5.6 | 7.1 | 5.2 | 5.3 Accommodation and | | | | | | | | | food services..............| 3.2 | 3.5 | 3.7 | 5.6 | 5.4 | 5.4 | 5.3 | 5.2 | 5.4 Government(4).................| 1.8 | 1.9 | 1.8 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.4 | 1.3 State and local..............| 1.7 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.3 | 1.3 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately. 2 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately. 3 Includes educational services, not shown separately. 4 Includes federal government, not shown separately. p Preliminary Hires In March, the hires rate was little changed at 3.2 percent. The hires rate decreased in retail trade and in the South. (See table 2.) Over the 12 months ending in March, the hires rate (not seasonally adjusted) was little changed for total nonfarm, total private, and government. The hires rate decreased in durable goods manufacturing; nondurable goods manufacturing; and arts, entertainment, and recreation. The hires rate decreased in the Midwest. (See table 8.) Separations Total separations includes quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Total separations also is referred to as turnover. Quits are generally voluntary separations initiated by the employee. Therefore, the quits rate can serve as a measure of workers’ willingness or ability to leave jobs. Layoffs and discharges are involuntary separations initiated by the employer. Other separations include separations due to retirement, death, and disability, as well as transfers to other locations of the same firm. In March, the quits rate was little changed at 1.6 percent. The quits rate also was little changed for total private and government. The quits rate decreased in the South. (See table 4.) The number of quits (not seasonally adjusted) was little changed over the 12 months ending in March for total nonfarm, total private, and government. The quits level was little changed in all industries and regions. (See table 10.) The layoffs and discharges component of total separations is seasonally adjusted at the total nonfarm, total private, and government levels and for the four regions. The layoffs and discharges rate was little changed in March at 1.3 percent. The rate was little changed for total private, government, and all four regions. (See table 5.) The layoffs and discharges level (not seasonally adjusted) was little changed for total nonfarm, total private, and government over the 12 months ending in March 2013. Over the year, the number of layoffs and discharges fell in mining and logging and rose in federal government. The number of layoffs and discharges was little changed in all four regions. (See table 11.) In March, there were 359,000 other separations for total nonfarm, little changed from the previous month. The number of other separations for total private and government was little changed. (See table 6.) Over the 12 months ending in March, the number of other separations was essentially unchanged for total nonfarm, total private, and government. (See table 12.) Net Change in Employment Large numbers of hires and separations occur every month throughout the business cycle. Net employment change results from the relationship between hires and separations. When the number of hires exceeds the number of separations, employment rises, even if the hires level is steady or declining. Conversely, when the number of hires is less than the number of separations, employment declines, even if the hires level is steady or rising. Over the 12 months ending in March 2013, hires totaled 51.8 million and separations totaled 50.1 million, yielding a net employment gain of 1.7 million. These figures include workers who may have been hired and separated more than once during the year. ____________ The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey results for April 2013 are scheduled to be released on Tuesday, June 11, 2013 at 10:00 a.m. (EDT).
Technical Note This news release presents statistics from the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) collects and compiles JOLTS data monthly from a sample of nonfarm establishments. A more detailed discussion of JOLTS concepts and methodology is available online at www.bls.gov/opub/hom/pdf/homch18.pdf. Coverage and collection The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments, as well as federal, state, and local government entities in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Data are collected for total employment, job openings, hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total separations. Concepts Industry classification. The industry classifications in this release are in accordance with the 2012 version of the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). Employment. Employment includes persons on the payroll who worked or received pay for the pay period that includes the 12th day of the reference month. Full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term, seasonal, salaried, and hourly employees are included, as are employees on paid vacations or other paid leave. Proprietors or partners of unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, or persons on leave without pay or on strike for the entire pay period, are not counted as employed. Employees of temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, and consultants are counted by their employer of record, not by the establishment where they are working. Job openings. Job openings information is collected for the last business day of the reference month. A job opening requires that: 1) a specific position exists and there is work available for that position, 2) work could start within 30 days whether or not the employer found a suitable candidate, and 3) the employer is actively recruiting from outside the establishment to fill the position. Included are full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term, and seasonal openings. Active recruiting means that the establishment is taking steps to fill a position by advertising in newspapers or on the Internet, posting help-wanted signs, accepting applications, or using other similar methods. Jobs to be filled only by internal transfers, promotions, demotions, or recall from layoffs are excluded. Also excluded are jobs with start dates more than 30 days in the future, jobs for which employees have been hired but have not yet reported for work, and jobs to be filled by employees of temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The job openings rate is computed by dividing the number of job openings by the sum of employment and job openings and multiplying that quotient by 100. Hires. The hires level is the total number of additions to the payroll occurring at any time during the reference month, including both new and rehired employees, full-time and part-time, permanent, short-term and seasonal employees, employees recalled to the location after a layoff lasting more than 7 days, on-call or intermittent employees who returned to work after having been formally separated, and transfers from other locations. The hires count does not include transfers or promotions within the reporting site, employees returning from strike, employees of temporary help agencies or employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The hires rate is computed by dividing the number of hires by employment and multiplying that quotient by 100. Separations. The separations level is the total number of employment terminations occurring at any time during the reference month, and is reported by type of separation—quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. (Some respondents are only able to report total separations.) The quits count includes voluntary separations by employees (except for retirements, which are reported as other separations). The layoffs and discharges count is comprised of involuntary separations initiated by the employer and includes layoffs with no intent to rehire; formal layoffs lasting or expected to last more than 7 days; discharges resulting from mergers, downsizing, or closings; firings or other discharges for cause; terminations of permanent or short-term employees; and terminations of seasonal employees. The other separations count includes retirements, transfers to other locations, deaths, and separations due to disability. The separations count does not include transfers within the same location or employees on strike. The separations rate is computed by dividing the number of separations by employment and multiplying that quotient by 100. The quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations rates are computed similarly. Annual estimates. Annual levels for hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total separations are the sum of the 12 published monthly levels. Annual rates are computed by dividing the annual level by the Current Employment Statistics (CES) annual average employment level, and multiplying that quotient by 100. This figure will be approximately equal to the sum of the 12 monthly rates. Consistent with BLS practice, annual estimates are published only for not seasonally adjusted data and are released with the January news release each year. Annual estimates are not calculated for job openings because job openings are a stock, or point-in-time, measurement for the last business day of each month. Sample and estimation methodology The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random sample of 16,400 nonfarm business and government establishments. The sample is stratified by ownership, region, industry sector, and establishment size class. The establishments are drawn from a universe of over 9.1 million establishments compiled by the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW) program which includes all employers subject to state unemployment insurance laws and federal agencies subject to the Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees program. JOLTS total employment estimates are benchmarked, or ratio adjusted, monthly to the strike-adjusted employment estimates of the CES survey. A ratio of CES to JOLTS employment is used to adjust the levels for all other JOLTS data elements. JOLTS business birth/death model As with any sample survey, the JOLTS sample can only be as current as its sampling frame. The time lag from the birth of an establishment until its appearance on the sampling frame is approximately one year. In addition, many of these new units may fail within the first year. Since these universe units cannot be reflected on the sampling frame immediately, the JOLTS sample cannot capture job openings, hires, and separations from these units during their early existence. To compensate for the inability to capture data from these establishments, BLS has developed a birth/death model that uses birth and death activity from previous years. The estimates of job openings, hires, and separations produced by the birth/death model are added to the sample-based estimates produced from the survey to arrive at the estimates for openings, hires, and separations. Seasonal adjustment BLS uses X-12 ARIMA to seasonally adjust several JOLTS series utilizing moving averages as seasonal filters. A concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is used in which new seasonal adjustment factors are calculated each month, using all relevant data, up to and including current month data. JOLTS seasonal adjustment includes both additive and multiplicative models and REGARIMA (regression with auto- correlated errors) modeling to improve the seasonal adjustment factors at the beginning and end of the series and to detect and adjust for outliers in the series. Alignment procedure The JOLTS measures for hires minus separations can be used to derive a measure of net employment change. This change should be comparable to the net employment change from the much larger CES survey. However, definitional differences as well as sampling and nonsampling errors between the two surveys historically caused JOLTS to diverge from CES over time. To limit the divergence, and improve the quality of the JOLTS hires and separations series, BLS implemented the Monthly Alignment Method. This method applies the CES employment trends to the seasonally adjusted JOLTS implied employment trend (hires minus separations) forcing them to be approximately the same, while preserving the seasonality of the JOLTS data. First, the two series are seasonally adjusted and the difference between the JOLTS implied employment change and the CES net employment change is calculated. Next, the JOLTS implied employment change is adjusted to equal the CES net employment change through a proportional adjustment. This procedure adjusts the two components (hires, separations) proportionally to their contribution to the total churn (hires plus separations). The adjusted hires and separations are converted back to not seasonally adjusted data by reversing the application of the original seasonal factors. After the Monthly Alignment Method has been used to adjust the level estimates, rate estimates are computed from the adjusted levels. Reliability of the estimates JOLTS estimates are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample is surveyed rather than the entire population, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the "true" population values they represent. The exact difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the particular sample selected, and this variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. BLS analysis is generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence. That means that there is a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard errors from the "true" population value because of sampling error. Estimates of sampling errors are available upon request. The JOLTS estimates also are affected by nonsampling error. Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, including the failure to include a segment of the population, the inability to obtain data from all units in the sample, the inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide data on a timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, errors made in the collection or processing of the data, and errors from the employment benchmark data used in estimation. Other information Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.
Table 1. Job openings levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, seasonally adjusted Levels(3) (in thousands) Rates Industry and region Mar. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Mar. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. 2012 2012 2012 2012 2013 2013 2013p 2012 2012 2012 2012 2013 2013 2013p Total.................................... 3,848 3,646 3,789 3,612 3,611 3,899 3,844 2.8 2.6 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.8 2.8 INDUSTRY Total private(4)........................ 3,453 3,295 3,421 3,235 3,194 3,478 3,451 3.0 2.8 2.9 2.8 2.7 3.0 3.0 Construction........................... 96 100 96 95 104 116 101 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.8 2.0 1.7 Manufacturing.......................... 324 265 271 242 253 274 260 2.6 2.2 2.2 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.1 Trade, transportation, and utilities(5) 641 618 731 704 645 644 694 2.5 2.4 2.8 2.7 2.4 2.4 2.6 Retail trade.......................... 410 392 475 436 390 396 424 2.7 2.6 3.1 2.8 2.5 2.6 2.7 Professional and business services..... 786 661 649 575 690 709 664 4.2 3.5 3.5 3.1 3.7 3.7 3.5 Education and health services(6)....... 680 667 691 670 579 672 643 3.3 3.2 3.3 3.2 2.7 3.2 3.0 Health care and social assistance..... 614 611 633 602 524 612 577 3.5 3.5 3.6 3.4 3.0 3.4 3.2 Leisure and hospitality................ 433 438 481 453 453 488 523 3.1 3.1 3.4 3.2 3.2 3.4 3.6 Arts, entertainment, and recreation... 52 49 52 59 52 52 66 2.5 2.4 2.6 2.9 2.6 2.5 3.2 Accommodation and food services....... 381 389 428 394 401 437 457 3.2 3.2 3.5 3.2 3.2 3.5 3.7 Government(7)........................... 396 350 368 377 417 421 393 1.8 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.9 1.9 1.8 State and local........................ 326 289 301 313 340 357 348 1.7 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.8 1.8 1.8 REGION(8) Northeast.............................. 682 643 674 661 668 700 676 2.6 2.5 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.7 2.6 South.................................. 1,500 1,434 1,434 1,364 1,441 1,547 1,494 3.0 2.9 2.9 2.7 2.9 3.1 3.0 Midwest................................ 879 829 912 838 723 831 818 2.8 2.6 2.9 2.7 2.3 2.6 2.6 West................................... 788 740 769 749 778 821 855 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 1 Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. 2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings. 3 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown. 4 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately. 5 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately. 6 Includes educational services, not shown separately. 7 Includes federal government, not shown separately. 8 The States (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. p Preliminary
Table 2. Hires levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, seasonally adjusted Levels(3) (in thousands) Rates Industry and region Mar. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Mar. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. 2012 2012 2012 2012 2013 2013 2013p 2012 2012 2012 2012 2013 2013 2013p Total.................................... 4,435 4,287 4,420 4,195 4,298 4,451 4,259 3.3 3.2 3.3 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.2 INDUSTRY Total private(4)........................ 4,133 4,031 4,134 3,915 4,015 4,138 3,966 3.7 3.6 3.7 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.5 Construction........................... 323 318 386 280 326 353 338 5.7 5.6 6.8 4.9 5.7 6.1 5.8 Manufacturing.......................... 259 234 234 236 219 231 200 2.2 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.8 1.9 1.7 Trade, transportation, and utilities(5) 862 911 900 890 868 936 818 3.4 3.6 3.5 3.5 3.4 3.6 3.2 Retail trade.......................... 577 617 597 600 586 651 554 3.9 4.1 4.0 4.0 3.9 4.3 3.7 Professional and business services..... 896 864 912 798 878 845 869 5.0 4.8 5.0 4.4 4.8 4.6 4.7 Education and health services(6)....... 514 489 471 506 507 499 515 2.5 2.4 2.3 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.5 Health care and social assistance..... 432 420 421 431 443 437 434 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.6 2.5 2.5 Leisure and hospitality................ 813 752 697 759 747 762 754 5.9 5.4 5.0 5.5 5.4 5.5 5.4 Arts, entertainment, and recreation... 159 125 108 130 104 116 112 8.0 6.3 5.4 6.5 5.2 5.8 5.6 Accommodation and food services....... 654 627 589 629 643 646 642 5.6 5.3 5.0 5.3 5.4 5.4 5.4 Government(7)........................... 301 255 286 280 283 313 293 1.4 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.3 State and local........................ 271 225 256 246 249 266 262 1.4 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4 REGION(8) Northeast.............................. 713 637 736 687 675 716 695 2.8 2.5 2.9 2.7 2.6 2.8 2.7 South.................................. 1,749 1,729 1,645 1,660 1,787 1,843 1,656 3.6 3.5 3.4 3.4 3.6 3.8 3.4 Midwest................................ 1,015 931 1,013 924 906 848 870 3.4 3.0 3.3 3.0 3.0 2.8 2.8 West................................... 957 990 1,026 924 930 1,044 1,038 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.1 3.1 3.5 3.5 1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month. 2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment. 3 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown. 4 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately. 5 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately. 6 Includes educational services, not shown separately. 7 Includes federal government, not shown separately. 8 See footnote 8, table 1. p Preliminary
Table 3. Total separations levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, seasonally adjusted Levels(3) (in thousands) Rates Industry and region Mar. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Mar. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. 2012 2012 2012 2012 2013 2013 2013p 2012 2012 2012 2012 2013 2013 2013p Total.................................... 4,180 4,079 4,179 4,062 4,173 4,180 4,213 3.1 3.0 3.1 3.0 3.1 3.1 3.1 INDUSTRY Total private(4)........................ 3,885 3,751 3,885 3,772 3,872 3,884 3,920 3.5 3.3 3.5 3.3 3.4 3.4 3.5 Construction........................... 313 288 359 263 315 322 331 5.6 5.1 6.3 4.6 5.5 5.6 5.7 Manufacturing.......................... 220 220 229 231 215 225 205 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.9 1.7 Trade, transportation, and utilities(5) 836 828 774 840 854 863 841 3.3 3.2 3.0 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 Retail trade.......................... 566 551 512 595 580 583 569 3.8 3.7 3.4 4.0 3.9 3.9 3.8 Professional and business services..... 849 784 849 813 845 770 821 4.8 4.3 4.7 4.5 4.7 4.2 4.5 Education and health services(6)....... 462 456 465 468 486 482 490 2.3 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.4 2.3 2.4 Health care and social assistance..... 400 384 402 402 417 413 416 2.4 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.4 Leisure and hospitality................ 763 726 694 729 715 730 750 5.6 5.2 5.0 5.2 5.1 5.2 5.4 Arts, entertainment, and recreation... 140 113 109 125 101 103 106 7.1 5.7 5.5 6.3 5.1 5.2 5.3 Accommodation and food services....... 622 613 584 604 614 627 643 5.3 5.2 4.9 5.1 5.1 5.2 5.4 Government(7)........................... 294 328 294 290 302 296 293 1.3 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.3 State and local........................ 264 291 255 251 259 251 250 1.4 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.3 REGION(8) Northeast.............................. 642 666 656 663 724 682 719 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.8 2.7 2.8 South.................................. 1,683 1,628 1,585 1,609 1,587 1,712 1,615 3.5 3.3 3.2 3.3 3.2 3.5 3.3 Midwest................................ 943 851 982 894 849 874 873 3.1 2.8 3.2 2.9 2.8 2.8 2.8 West................................... 912 933 956 895 1,013 911 1,006 3.1 3.2 3.2 3.0 3.4 3.1 3.4 1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month. 2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. 3 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown. 4 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately. 5 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately. 6 Includes educational services, not shown separately. 7 Includes federal government, not shown separately. 8 See footnote 8, table 1. p Preliminary
Table 4. Quits levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, seasonally adjusted Levels(3) (in thousands) Rates Industry and region Mar. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Mar. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. 2012 2012 2012 2012 2013 2013 2013p 2012 2012 2012 2012 2013 2013 2013p Total.................................... 2,152 2,079 2,140 2,126 2,260 2,286 2,160 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.6 INDUSTRY Total private(4)........................ 2,021 1,929 2,010 1,999 2,128 2,159 2,028 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.9 1.8 Construction........................... 76 93 90 68 134 106 92 1.3 1.7 1.6 1.2 2.3 1.8 1.6 Manufacturing.......................... 104 96 106 116 98 102 97 .9 .8 .9 1.0 .8 .9 .8 Trade, transportation, and utilities(5) 467 461 465 452 491 501 448 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.9 1.7 Retail trade.......................... 336 318 344 328 362 354 321 2.3 2.1 2.3 2.2 2.4 2.4 2.1 Professional and business services..... 392 360 394 413 375 385 391 2.2 2.0 2.2 2.3 2.1 2.1 2.1 Education and health services(6)....... 272 255 280 273 299 289 280 1.3 1.2 1.4 1.3 1.5 1.4 1.4 Health care and social assistance..... 242 226 247 248 264 255 251 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5 Leisure and hospitality................ 471 437 442 451 472 491 475 3.4 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.4 3.5 3.4 Arts, entertainment, and recreation... 49 43 42 38 47 54 55 2.5 2.2 2.1 1.9 2.4 2.7 2.7 Accommodation and food services....... 422 394 400 413 426 437 421 3.6 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.5 Government(7)........................... 131 150 130 127 132 127 132 .6 .7 .6 .6 .6 .6 .6 State and local........................ 119 137 119 115 121 116 121 .6 .7 .6 .6 .6 .6 .6 REGION(8) Northeast.............................. 280 290 292 315 352 311 295 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.4 1.2 1.1 South.................................. 890 875 883 892 908 1,034 896 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.9 2.1 1.8 Midwest................................ 501 452 496 454 479 469 466 1.7 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.5 West................................... 482 462 469 465 522 472 503 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.8 1.6 1.7 1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month. 2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment. 3 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown. 4 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately. 5 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately. 6 Includes educational services, not shown separately. 7 Includes federal government, not shown separately. 8 See footnote 8, table 1. p Preliminary
Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, seasonally adjusted Levels(3) (in thousands) Rates Industry and region Mar. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Mar. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. 2012 2012 2012 2012 2013 2013 2013p 2012 2012 2012 2012 2013 2013 2013p Total.................................... 1,704 1,672 1,705 1,569 1,520 1,572 1,693 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.3 INDUSTRY Total private(4)........................ 1,603 1,559 1,611 1,479 1,430 1,467 1,591 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4 Construction........................... - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Manufacturing.......................... - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Trade, transportation, and utilities(5) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Retail trade.......................... - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Professional and business services..... - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Education and health services(6)....... - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Health care and social assistance..... - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Leisure and hospitality................ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Arts, entertainment, and recreation... - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Accommodation and food services....... - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Government(7)........................... 100 113 94 89 90 104 102 .5 .5 .4 .4 .4 .5 .5 State and local........................ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - REGION(8) Northeast.............................. 291 320 310 284 284 300 357 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.4 South.................................. 681 621 582 557 532 561 589 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 Midwest................................ 371 332 397 357 298 334 329 1.2 1.1 1.3 1.2 1.0 1.1 1.1 West................................... 360 398 416 370 406 376 418 1.2 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.4 1 Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month. 2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment. 3 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown. 4 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately. 5 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately. 6 Includes educational services, not shown separately. 7 Includes federal government, not shown separately. 8 See footnote 8, table 1. p Preliminary - Data not available.
Table 6. Other separations levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, seasonally adjusted Levels(3) (in thousands) Rates Industry and region Mar. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Mar. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. 2012 2012 2012 2012 2013 2013 2013p 2012 2012 2012 2012 2013 2013 2013p Total.................................... 324 328 334 367 393 323 359 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 INDUSTRY Total private(4)........................ 261 263 264 293 314 258 301 .2 .2 .2 .3 .3 .2 .3 Construction........................... - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Manufacturing.......................... - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Trade, transportation, and utilities(5) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Retail trade.......................... - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Professional and business services..... - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Education and health services(6)....... - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Health care and social assistance..... - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Leisure and hospitality................ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Arts, entertainment, and recreation... - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Accommodation and food services....... - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Government(7)........................... 63 65 70 74 79 66 59 .3 .3 .3 .3 .4 .3 .3 State and local........................ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - REGION(8) Northeast.............................. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - South.................................. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Midwest................................ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - West................................... - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month. 2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. 3 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown. 4 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately. 5 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately. 6 Includes educational services, not shown separately. 7 Includes federal government, not shown separately. 8 See footnote 8, table 1. p Preliminary - Data not available.
Table 7. Job openings levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted Levels (in thousands) Rates Industry and region Mar. Feb. Mar. Mar. Feb. Mar. 2012 2013 2013p 2012 2013 2013p Total........................................... 3,802 3,689 3,869 2.8 2.7 2.8 INDUSTRY Total private.................................. 3,410 3,284 3,482 3.0 2.9 3.0 Mining and logging............................ 14 24 15 1.6 2.8 1.8 Construction.................................. 94 110 99 1.7 2.0 1.8 Manufacturing................................. 324 269 264 2.7 2.2 2.2 Durable goods................................ 204 172 184 2.7 2.3 2.4 Nondurable goods............................. 119 97 80 2.6 2.1 1.8 Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 621 578 687 2.4 2.2 2.6 Wholesale trade.............................. 120 108 150 2.1 1.9 2.6 Retail trade................................. 381 332 406 2.5 2.2 2.7 Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 120 139 131 2.4 2.7 2.6 Information................................... 101 89 102 3.6 3.2 3.6 Financial activities.......................... 234 296 277 2.9 3.6 3.4 Finance and insurance........................ 189 231 229 3.2 3.8 3.8 Real estate and rental and leasing........... 45 65 48 2.3 3.2 2.4 Professional and business services............ 758 691 654 4.1 3.7 3.5 Education and health services................. 671 652 636 3.2 3.1 3.0 Educational services......................... 63 56 66 1.8 1.6 1.8 Health care and social assistance............ 608 595 571 3.5 3.4 3.2 Leisure and hospitality....................... 461 459 577 3.3 3.3 4.1 Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 52 51 69 2.8 2.8 3.6 Accommodation and food services.............. 409 408 508 3.4 3.4 4.1 Other services................................ 132 116 170 2.4 2.1 3.0 Government..................................... 392 405 387 1.7 1.8 1.7 Federal....................................... 79 67 50 2.7 2.4 1.8 State and local............................... 313 338 338 1.6 1.7 1.7 REGION (3) Northeast..................................... 659 643 666 2.6 2.5 2.5 South......................................... 1,489 1,498 1,515 3.0 3.0 3.0 Midwest....................................... 892 780 844 2.9 2.5 2.7 West.......................................... 762 768 845 2.6 2.6 2.8 1 Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. 2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings. 3 See footnote 8, table 1. p Preliminary
Table 8. Hires levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted Levels (in thousands) Rates Industry and region Mar. Feb. Mar. Mar. Feb. Mar. 2012 2013 2013p 2012 2013 2013p Total........................................... 4,210 3,661 4,049 3.2 2.7 3.0 INDUSTRY Total private.................................. 3,997 3,434 3,838 3.6 3.1 3.4 Mining and logging............................ 31 26 28 3.7 3.0 3.2 Construction.................................. 340 296 359 6.4 5.5 6.5 Manufacturing................................. 261 212 199 2.2 1.8 1.7 Durable goods................................ 161 135 126 2.2 1.8 1.7 Nondurable goods............................. 100 77 72 2.3 1.7 1.6 Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 838 713 781 3.3 2.8 3.1 Wholesale trade.............................. 138 115 106 2.5 2.0 1.9 Retail trade................................. 560 479 533 3.8 3.2 3.6 Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 140 119 141 2.9 2.4 2.8 Information................................... 54 59 44 2.0 2.2 1.6 Financial activities.......................... 159 174 161 2.1 2.2 2.1 Finance and insurance........................ 105 109 104 1.8 1.9 1.8 Real estate and rental and leasing........... 54 64 58 2.8 3.3 3.0 Professional and business services............ 853 763 840 4.8 4.2 4.6 Education and health services................. 441 421 449 2.2 2.0 2.2 Educational services......................... 50 50 53 1.4 1.4 1.5 Health care and social assistance............ 391 371 396 2.3 2.2 2.3 Leisure and hospitality....................... 852 622 791 6.4 4.6 5.8 Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 161 78 115 8.8 4.4 6.2 Accommodation and food services.............. 691 543 676 6.0 4.7 5.7 Other services................................ 167 148 186 3.1 2.7 3.4 Government..................................... 213 227 211 1.0 1.0 .9 Federal....................................... 29 34 28 1.0 1.2 1.0 State and local............................... 184 193 182 .9 1.0 .9 REGION (3) Northeast..................................... 656 530 638 2.6 2.1 2.5 South......................................... 1,688 1,593 1,595 3.5 3.3 3.3 Midwest....................................... 985 684 840 3.3 2.3 2.7 West.......................................... 881 854 974 3.0 2.9 3.3 1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month. 2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment. 3 See footnote 8, table 1. p Preliminary
Table 9. Total separations levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted Levels (in thousands) Rates Industry and region Mar. Feb. Mar. Mar. Feb. Mar. 2012 2013 2013p 2012 2013 2013p Total........................................... 3,586 3,348 3,613 2.7 2.5 2.7 INDUSTRY Total private.................................. 3,395 3,163 3,418 3.1 2.8 3.0 Mining and logging............................ 30 24 24 3.6 2.8 2.8 Construction.................................. 272 272 287 5.1 5.1 5.2 Manufacturing................................. 204 194 186 1.7 1.6 1.6 Durable goods................................ 124 122 117 1.7 1.6 1.6 Nondurable goods............................. 79 72 69 1.8 1.6 1.6 Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 733 744 733 2.9 2.9 2.9 Wholesale trade.............................. 120 103 101 2.1 1.8 1.8 Retail trade................................. 487 519 489 3.3 3.5 3.3 Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 126 122 143 2.6 2.5 2.9 Information................................... 65 47 45 2.4 1.8 1.7 Financial activities.......................... 146 169 168 1.9 2.2 2.2 Finance and insurance........................ 99 105 115 1.7 1.8 2.0 Real estate and rental and leasing........... 47 65 53 2.4 3.3 2.7 Professional and business services............ 792 650 777 4.5 3.6 4.3 Education and health services................. 403 397 424 2.0 1.9 2.0 Educational services......................... 39 40 44 1.1 1.2 1.3 Health care and social assistance............ 364 357 380 2.2 2.1 2.2 Leisure and hospitality....................... 616 515 615 4.6 3.8 4.5 Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 98 58 75 5.4 3.3 4.1 Accommodation and food services.............. 517 457 540 4.5 3.9 4.6 Other services................................ 134 151 159 2.5 2.8 2.9 Government..................................... 191 186 195 .9 .8 .9 Federal....................................... 24 35 33 .8 1.3 1.2 State and local............................... 167 151 162 .9 .8 .8 REGION (3) Northeast..................................... 513 517 579 2.0 2.0 2.3 South......................................... 1,500 1,410 1,432 3.1 2.9 2.9 Midwest....................................... 787 692 720 2.6 2.3 2.4 West.......................................... 786 730 883 2.7 2.5 3.0 1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month. 2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. 3 See footnote 8, table 1. p Preliminary
Table 10. Quits levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted Levels (in thousands) Rates Industry and region Mar. Feb. Mar. Mar. Feb. Mar. 2012 2013 2013p 2012 2013 2013p Total........................................... 1,959 1,851 1,970 1.5 1.4 1.5 INDUSTRY Total private.................................. 1,864 1,759 1,870 1.7 1.6 1.7 Mining and logging............................ 15 10 15 1.8 1.2 1.7 Construction.................................. 72 84 85 1.4 1.6 1.5 Manufacturing................................. 99 82 90 .8 .7 .8 Durable goods................................ 61 49 50 .8 .7 .7 Nondurable goods............................. 38 33 39 .9 .7 .9 Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 433 426 409 1.7 1.7 1.6 Wholesale trade.............................. 57 57 59 1.0 1.0 1.0 Retail trade................................. 300 305 281 2.1 2.1 1.9 Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 76 64 69 1.6 1.3 1.4 Information................................... 33 25 24 1.2 .9 .9 Financial activities.......................... 89 88 99 1.2 1.1 1.3 Finance and insurance........................ 70 44 72 1.2 .7 1.2 Real estate and rental and leasing........... 20 45 27 1.0 2.3 1.4 Professional and business services............ 381 335 385 2.2 1.9 2.1 Education and health services................. 254 240 264 1.2 1.2 1.3 Educational services......................... 22 22 21 .6 .6 .6 Health care and social assistance............ 232 217 242 1.4 1.3 1.4 Leisure and hospitality....................... 406 366 413 3.0 2.7 3.0 Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 34 35 41 1.8 1.9 2.2 Accommodation and food services.............. 373 332 373 3.2 2.9 3.2 Other services................................ 81 102 86 1.5 1.9 1.6 Government..................................... 95 92 99 .4 .4 .4 Federal....................................... 10 10 10 .4 .3 .3 State and local............................... 85 83 90 .4 .4 .5 REGION (3) Northeast..................................... 254 244 258 1.0 1.0 1.0 South......................................... 815 845 818 1.7 1.7 1.7 Midwest....................................... 450 379 420 1.5 1.2 1.4 West.......................................... 440 383 474 1.5 1.3 1.6 1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month. 2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment. 3 See footnote 8, table 1. p Preliminary
Table 11. Layoffs and discharges levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted Levels (in thousands) Rates Industry and region Mar. Feb. Mar. Mar. Feb. Mar. 2012 2013 2013p 2012 2013 2013p Total........................................... 1,345 1,219 1,343 1.0 0.9 1.0 INDUSTRY Total private.................................. 1,294 1,168 1,288 1.2 1.0 1.1 Mining and logging............................ 12 12 7 1.5 1.5 .8 Construction.................................. 191 182 198 3.6 3.4 3.6 Manufacturing................................. 82 92 80 .7 .8 .7 Durable goods................................ 48 61 57 .6 .8 .8 Nondurable goods............................. 34 31 22 .8 .7 .5 Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 235 241 247 .9 .9 1.0 Wholesale trade.............................. 55 41 27 1.0 .7 .5 Retail trade................................. 145 158 173 1.0 1.1 1.2 Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 35 42 47 .7 .9 .9 Information................................... 24 20 11 .9 .8 .4 Financial activities.......................... 43 49 47 .6 .6 .6 Finance and insurance........................ 20 36 24 .3 .6 .4 Real estate and rental and leasing........... 23 12 23 1.2 .6 1.2 Professional and business services............ 350 276 353 2.0 1.5 1.9 Education and health services................. 114 130 111 .6 .6 .5 Educational services......................... 11 16 19 .3 .4 .5 Health care and social assistance............ 103 114 92 .6 .7 .5 Leisure and hospitality....................... 193 130 173 1.4 1.0 1.3 Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 63 21 33 3.5 1.2 1.8 Accommodation and food services.............. 130 108 140 1.1 .9 1.2 Other services................................ 50 36 62 .9 .7 1.1 Government..................................... 51 51 55 .2 .2 .2 Federal....................................... 6 15 15 .2 .6 .5 State and local............................... 45 35 40 .2 .2 .2 REGION (3) Northeast..................................... 195 207 265 .8 .8 1.0 South......................................... 589 459 510 1.2 .9 1.0 Midwest....................................... 282 257 242 .9 .8 .8 West.......................................... 279 296 327 1.0 1.0 1.1 1 Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month. 2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment. 3 See footnote 8, table 1. p Preliminary
Table 12. Other separations levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted Levels (in thousands) Rates Industry and region Mar. Feb. Mar. Mar. Feb. Mar. 2012 2013 2013p 2012 2013 2013p Total........................................... 282 279 300 0.2 0.2 0.2 INDUSTRY Total private.................................. 237 236 260 .2 .2 .2 Mining and logging............................ 3 1 3 .3 .1 .3 Construction.................................. 9 6 4 .2 .1 .1 Manufacturing................................. 23 19 17 .2 .2 .1 Durable goods................................ 16 11 9 .2 .1 .1 Nondurable goods............................. 8 8 8 .2 .2 .2 Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 66 77 77 .3 .3 .3 Wholesale trade.............................. 9 5 14 .2 .1 .2 Retail trade................................. 42 56 35 .3 .4 .2 Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 15 16 28 .3 .3 .6 Information................................... 8 2 10 .3 .1 .4 Financial activities.......................... 13 32 22 .2 .4 .3 Finance and insurance........................ 9 25 18 .2 .4 .3 Real estate and rental and leasing........... 4 8 3 .2 .4 .2 Professional and business services............ 61 39 39 .3 .2 .2 Education and health services................. 35 27 49 .2 .1 .2 Educational services......................... 5 2 4 .2 .1 .1 Health care and social assistance............ 30 25 45 .2 .1 .3 Leisure and hospitality....................... 16 19 29 .1 .1 .2 Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 1 2 2 .1 .1 .1 Accommodation and food services.............. 15 17 27 .1 .1 .2 Other services................................ 3 13 11 .1 .2 .2 Government..................................... 44 43 41 .2 .2 .2 Federal....................................... 8 10 8 .3 .4 .3 State and local............................... 37 33 32 .2 .2 .2 REGION (3) Northeast..................................... 64 65 56 .3 .3 .2 South......................................... 95 106 104 .2 .2 .2 Midwest....................................... 55 56 58 .2 .2 .2 West.......................................... 68 51 82 .2 .2 .3 1 Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month. 2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. 3 See footnote 8, table 1. p Preliminary