For release 10:00 a.m. (EDT) Tuesday, May 11, 2010 USDL-10-0643
Technical information: (202) 691-5870 • JoltsInfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/jlt
Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov
Job Openings and Labor Turnover – March 2010
There were 2.7 million job openings on the last business day of March
2010, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. The job
openings rate was unchanged over the month at 2.0 percent. The hires
rate (3.3 percent) was little changed, and the separations rate (3.1
percent) was unchanged in March. This release includes estimates of
the number and rate of job openings, hires, and separations for the
total nonfarm sector by industry and geographic region.
Job Openings
The number of job openings was little changed in March at 2.7 million
but has trended upward since the most recent trough of 2.3 million in
July 2009. The job openings level was little changed in March for all
industries and all four regions. (See table 1.)
The number of job openings in March was little different from 12
months earlier for total nonfarm, total private, government, most
industries, and in 3 of the 4 regions over the year. The level
increased in the West over the year. (See table 5.)
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Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally
adjusted
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Job openings | Hires | Total separations
|--------------------------------------------------------------
Industry | Mar. | Feb. | Mar. | Mar. | Feb. | Mar. | Mar. | Feb. | Mar.
| 2009 | 2010 | 2010p| 2009 | 2010 | 2010p| 2009 | 2010 | 2010p
-------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------
| Levels (in thousands)
|--------------------------------------------------------------
Total..............|2,671 |2,647 |2,694 |3,935 |4,011 |4,242 |4,710 |3,969 |4,016
| | | | | | | | |
Total private(1)..|2,227 |2,266 |2,286 |3,670 |3,710 |3,887 |4,444 |3,663 |3,698
Construction.....| 55 | 65 | 77 | 314 | 306 | 398 | 458 | 362 | 376
Manufacturing....| 120 | 167 | 176 | 248 | 267 | 279 | 413 | 260 | 251
Trade, trans- | | | | | | | | |
portation, and | | | | | | | | |
utilities(2)....| 425 | 453 | 473 | 863 | 821 | 901 |1,011 | 806 | 873
Retail trade....| 266 | 297 | 314 | 564 | 572 | 649 | 649 | 551 | 626
Professional | | | | | | | | |
and business | | | | | | | | |
services........| 413 | 409 | 420 | 640 | 767 | 742 | 782 | 716 | 708
Education and | | | | | | | | |
health ser- | | | | | | | | |
vices...........| 513 | 502 | 510 | 469 | 470 | 473 | 470 | 440 | 424
Leisure and | | | | | | | | |
hospitality.....| 291 | 285 | 262 | 697 | 652 | 671 | 756 | 621 | 639
Arts, enter- | | | | | | | | |
tainment and | | | | | | | | |
recreation.....| 25 | 19 | 20 | 90 | 88 | 100 | 101 | 78 | 98
Accommodation | | | | | | | | |
and food | | | | | | | | |
services.......| 266 | 266 | 242 | 607 | 564 | 571 | 655 | 543 | 540
Government(3).....| 444 | 381 | 408 | 265 | 301 | 355 | 266 | 306 | 318
State and local | | | | | | | | |
government......| 269 | 246 | 265 | 241 | 258 | 265 | 248 | 273 | 279
|--------------------------------------------------------------
| Rates (percent)
|--------------------------------------------------------------
Total..............| 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 3.0 | 3.1 | 3.3 | 3.6 | 3.1 | 3.1
| | | | | | | | |
Total private(1)..| 2.0 | 2.1 | 2.1 | 3.4 | 3.5 | 3.6 | 4.1 | 3.4 | 3.4
Construction.....| 0.9 | 1.2 | 1.4 | 5.0 | 5.5 | 7.1 | 7.3 | 6.5 | 6.7
Manufacturing....| 1.0 | 1.4 | 1.5 | 2.0 | 2.3 | 2.4 | 3.4 | 2.3 | 2.2
Trade, trans- | | | | | | | | |
portation, and | | | | | | | | |
utilities(2)....| 1.7 | 1.8 | 1.9 | 3.4 | 3.3 | 3.6 | 4.0 | 3.3 | 3.5
Retail trade....| 1.8 | 2.0 | 2.1 | 3.9 | 4.0 | 4.5 | 4.4 | 3.8 | 4.3
Professional | | | | | | | | |
and business | | | | | | | | |
services........| 2.4 | 2.4 | 2.5 | 3.8 | 4.6 | 4.5 | 4.7 | 4.3 | 4.3
Education and | | | | | | | | |
health ser- | | | | | | | | |
vices...........| 2.6 | 2.5 | 2.6 | 2.5 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 2.5 | 2.3 | 2.2
Leisure and | | | | | | | | |
hospitality.....| 2.2 | 2.1 | 2.0 | 5.3 | 5.0 | 5.1 | 5.8 | 4.8 | 4.9
Arts, enter- | | | | | | | | |
tainment and | | | | | | | | |
recreation.....| 1.3 | 1.0 | 1.1 | 4.7 | 4.6 | 5.3 | 5.2 | 4.1 | 5.2
Accommodation | | | | | | | | |
and food | | | | | | | | |
services.......| 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.1 | 5.4 | 5.1 | 5.1 | 5.8 | 4.9 | 4.9
Government(3).....| 1.9 | 1.7 | 1.8 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 1.6 | 1.2 | 1.4 | 1.4
State and local | | | | | | | | |
government......| 1.3 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 1.4 | 1.3 | 1.4 | 1.4
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and
other services, not shown separately.
2 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not
shown separately.
3 Includes federal government, not shown separately.
p = preliminary.
Hires
The hires rate was little changed in March at 3.3 percent. The rate
has remained between 3.0 percent and 3.3 percent since September 2008.
The hires rate was little changed in March for most industries and 3
of the 4 regions; the rate increased in the South. (See table 2.)
Over the 12 months ending in March, the hires rate (not seasonally
adjusted) increased for total nonfarm, total private, and government.
The hires rate was little changed in most industries. The hires rate
increased in the Midwest and was little changed in the remaining
regions over the year. (See table 6.)
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Separations
Total separations includes quits (voluntary separations), layoffs and
discharges (involuntary separations), and other separations (including
retirements). The total separations, or turnover, rate was unchanged
in March for total nonfarm and remained low at 3.1 percent. The rate
was also unchanged over the month for total private and government.
The total separations rate (not seasonally adjusted) decreased over
the 12 months ending in March for total nonfarm and total private,
while the rate for government increased. (See tables 3 and 7.)
The quits rate can serve as a measure of workers’ willingness or
ability to change jobs. In March, the quits rate remained unchanged
for total nonfarm (1.4 percent) and total private (1.6 percent) while
the rate for government was little changed (0.5 percent). The rate was
little changed over the month for all industries and regions. (See
table 4.)
Over the 12 months ending in March, the quits rate (not seasonally
adjusted) was little changed for total nonfarm, total private, and
government as well as in every industry and region. (See table 8.)
The layoffs and discharges component of total separations is
seasonally adjusted at the total nonfarm, total private, and
government levels. The layoffs and discharges level was little changed
in March for total nonfarm (1.8 million), total private (1.7 million),
and government (132,000). (See table B below.)
The layoffs and discharges rate (not seasonally adjusted) fell over
the 12 months ending in March for total nonfarm and total private, and
was little changed for government. The layoffs and discharges rate
fell over the year in many industries and in 3 of the 4
regions—Midwest, South, and West. (See table 9.)
Table B. Layoffs and discharges by industry, seasonally adjusted
--------------------------------------------------------------------
| Levels (in thousands) | Rates
|------------------------------------------------
Industry | Mar. | Feb. | Mar. | Mar. | Feb. | Mar.
| 2009 | 2010 | 2010p| 2009 | 2010 | 2010p
-------------------|------------------------------------------------
Total..............| 2,462 | 1,823 | 1,830 | 1.9 | 1.4 | 1.4
Total private.....| 2,356 | 1,704 | 1,698 | 2.2 | 1.6 | 1.6
Government....... | 106 | 119 | 132 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.6
--------------------------------------------------------------------
p = preliminary.
The other separations series is not seasonally adjusted. In March,
there were 310,000 other separations for total nonfarm, 264,000 for
total private, and 46,000 for government. Compared to March 2009, the
number of other separations was little changed for total nonfarm,
total private, and increased for government. (See table 10.)
The total separations level is influenced by the relative contribution
of its three components—quits, layoffs and discharges, and other
separations. The percentage of total separations at the total nonfarm
level attributable to the individual components has varied over time.
The proportion of quits had exceeded the proportion of layoffs and
discharges every month from the beginning of the series in December 2000
until November 2008 when layoffs and discharges became the larger
contributor to total separations. In April 2009, the proportion of
quits hit a low of 39 percent and began to rise, while the proportion
of layoffs and discharges hit a high of 56 percent and began to fall.
In February 2010, the relative contribution reversed again with the
proportion of quits (47 percent) slightly exceeding the
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proportion of layoffs and discharges (46 percent). The proportions
for quits and layoffs and discharges remained the same in March 2010.
(Computed using values from tables 3 and 4, and table B above.)
Net Change in Employment
Over the 12 months ending in March, hires totaled 48.6 million and
separations totaled 50.9 million, yielding a net employment loss of
2.3 million.
____________
The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey results for April 2010 are
scheduled to be released on Tuesday, June 8, 2010 at 10:00 a.m. (EDT).
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Technical Note
The data for the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS)
are collected and compiled monthly from a sample of business
establishments by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).
Collection
In a monthly survey of business establishments, data are
collected for total employment, job openings, hires, quits, layoffs
and discharges, and other separations. Data collection methods
include computer-assisted telephone interviewing, touchtone data
entry, fax, e-mail, and mail.
Coverage
The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments such
as factories, offices, and stores, as well as federal, state, and
local government entities in the 50 states and the District of
Columbia.
Concepts
Industry classification. The industry classifications in this
release are in accordance with the 2007 version of the North
American Industry Classification System (NAICS). In order to
ensure the highest possible quality of data, State Workforce
Agencies verify with employers and update, if necessary, the
industry code, location, and ownership classification of all
establishments on a 3-year cycle. Changes in establishment
characteristics resulting from the verification process are always
introduced into the JOLTS sampling frame with the data reported for
the first month of the year.
Employment. Employment includes persons on the payroll who
worked or received pay for the pay period that includes the 12th
day of the reference month. Full-time, part-time, permanent, short-
term, seasonal, salaried, and hourly employees are included, as are
employees on paid vacations or other paid leave. Proprietors or
partners of unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, or
persons on leave without pay or on strike for the entire pay
period, are not counted as employed. Employees of temporary help
agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, and
consultants are counted by their employer of record, not by the
establishment where they are working.
Job openings. Establishments submit job openings information for
the last business day of the reference month. A job opening
requires that: 1) a specific position exists and there is work
available for that position, 2) work could start within 30 days
regardless of whether a suitable candidate is found, and 3) the
employer is actively recruiting from outside the establishment to
fill the position. Included are full-time, part-time, permanent,
short-term, and seasonal openings. Active recruiting means that
the establishment is taking steps to fill a position by advertising
in newspapers or on the Internet, posting help-wanted signs,
accepting applications, or using other similar methods.
Jobs to be filled only by internal transfers, promotions,
demotions, or recall from layoffs are excluded. Also excluded are
jobs with start dates more than 30 days in the future, jobs for
which employees have been hired but have not yet reported for work,
and jobs to be filled by employees of temporary help agencies,
employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants.
The job openings rate is computed by dividing the number of job
openings by the sum of employment and job openings and multiplying
that quotient by 100.
Hires. Hires are the total number of additions to the payroll
occurring at any time during the reference month, including both
new and rehired employees, full-time and part-time, permanent,
short-term and seasonal employees, employees recalled to the
location after a layoff lasting more than 7 days, on-call or
intermittent employees who returned to work after having been
formally separated, and transfers from other locations. The hires
count does not include transfers or promotions within the reporting
site, employees returning from strike, employees of temporary help
agencies or employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or
consultants. The hires rate is computed by dividing the number of
hires by employment and multiplying that quotient by 100.
Separations. Separations are the total number of terminations of
employment occurring at any time during the reference month, and
are reported by type of separation--quits, layoffs and discharges,
and other separations. Quits are voluntary separations by
employees (except for retirements, which are reported as other
separations). Layoffs and discharges are involuntary separations
initiated by the employer and include layoffs with no intent to
rehire; formal layoffs lasting or expected to last more than 7
days; discharges resulting from mergers, downsizing, or closings;
firings or other discharges for cause; terminations of permanent or
short-term employees; and terminations of seasonal employees.
Other separations include retirements, transfers to other
locations, deaths, and separations due to disability. Separations
do not include transfers within the same location or employees on
strike.
The separations rate is computed by dividing the number of
separations by employment and multiplying that quotient by 100.
The quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations rates are
computed similarly, dividing the number by employment and
multiplying by 100.
Annual estimates. Annual estimates of rates and levels
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of hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total
separations are released with the January news release each year.
The JOLTS annual level estimates for hires, quits, layoffs and
discharges, other separations, and total separations are the sum of
the 12 published monthly levels. The annual rate estimates are
computed by dividing the annual level by the Current Employment
Statistics (CES) annual average employment level, and multiplying
that quotient by 100. This figure will be approximately equal to
the sum of the 12 monthly rates. Note that both the JOLTS and CES
annual levels are rounded to the nearest thousand before the annual
estimates are calculated. Consistent with BLS practices, annual
estimates are published only for not seasonally adjusted data.
Annual estimates are not calculated for job openings because job
openings are a stock, or point-in-time, measurement for the last
business day of each month. Only jobs still open on the last day
of the month are counted. For the same reason job openings cannot
be cumulated throughout each month, annual figures for job openings
cannot be created by summing the monthly estimates. Hires and
separations are flow measures and are cumulated over the month with
a total reported for the month. Therefore, the annual figures can
be created by summing the monthly estimates.
Special Collection Procedures
An implied measure of employment change can be derived from the
JOLTS data by subtracting separations from hires for a given
month. Aggregating these monthly changes historically produced
employment levels that overstated employment change as measured by
CES at the total nonfarm level. Research into this problem showed
that a significant amount of the divergence between the CES
employment levels and the derived JOLTS employment levels was
traceable to the Employment Services industry and to the State
Government Education industry. In the former industry, businesses
have a difficult time reporting hires and separations of temporary
help workers. In the latter industry, employers have difficulty
reporting hires and separations of student workers. BLS now
devotes additional resources to the collection, editing, and review
of data for these industries. BLS analysts more closely examine
reported data that do not provide a consistent picture over time,
and re-contact the respondents as necessary. Analysts work with
the respondents to adjust their reporting practices as possible.
Units that cannot be reconciled but are clearly incorrect on a
consistent basis are not used, they are replaced by imputed values
using standard techniques.
Sample and estimation methodology
The JOLTS survey design is a random sample of 16,000 nonfarm
business establishments, including factories, offices, and stores,
as well as federal, state, and local governments in the 50 states
and the District of Columbia. The establishments are drawn from a
universe of over 9.1 million establishments compiled as part of the
operations of the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW)
program. This program includes all employers subject to state
Unemployment Insurance (UI) laws and federal agencies subject to
Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees (UCFE).
The sampling frame is stratified by ownership, region, industry
sector, and size class. The JOLTS sample is constructed from
individual panels of sample units drawn on an annual basis. The
full annual sample consists of one certainty panel composed of only
large units selected with virtual certainty based on their size and
24 non-certainty panels. Each month a new non-certainty panel is
rolled into collection, and the oldest non-certainty panel is
rolled out. This means that at any given time the JOLTS sample is
constructed from panels from three different annual sampling
frames. The entire sample of old plus new panels is post-
stratified and re-weighted annually to represent the most recent
sampling frame. Additionally, the out-of-business establishments
are removed from the old panels. The annual sample is supplemented
with a quarterly sample of birth establishments (i.e., new
establishments) to better reflect the impact of younger
establishments in the JOLTS sample.
JOLTS total employment estimates are benchmarked monthly to the
employment estimates of the Current Employment Statistics (CES)
survey. A ratio of CES to JOLTS employment is used to adjust the
levels for all other JOLTS data elements.
JOLTS Business Birth/Death Model
As with any sample survey, the JOLTS sample can only be as
current as its sampling frame. The time lag from the birth of an
establishment until its appearance on the sampling frame is
approximately one year. In addition, many of these new units may
fail within the first year. Since these universe units cannot be
reflected on the sampling frame immediately, the JOLTS sample
cannot capture job openings, hires, and separations from these
units during their early existence. BLS has developed a model to
estimate birth/death activity for current months by examining the
birth/death activity from previous years on the QCEW and projecting
forward to the present using an econometric technique known as X-12
ARIMA modeling. The birth/death model also uses historical JOLTS
data to estimate the amount of “churn” (hires and separations) that
exists in establishments of various sizes. The model then combines
the estimated churn with the projected employment change to
estimate the number of hires and separations taking place in these
units that cannot be measured through sampling.
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The model-based estimate of total separations is distributed to
the three components – quits; layoffs and discharges; and other
separations - in proportion to their contribution to the sample-
based estimate of total separations. Additionally, job openings
for the modeled units are estimated by computing the ratio of
openings to hires in the collected data and applying that ratio to
the modeled hires. The estimates of job openings, hires, and
separations produced by the birth/death model are then added to the
sample-based estimates produced from the survey to arrive at the
estimates for openings, hires, and separations.
Seasonal adjustment
BLS seasonally adjusts several JOLTS series using the X-12-ARIMA
seasonal adjustment program. Seasonal adjustment is the process of
estimating and removing periodic fluctuations caused by events such
as weather, holidays, and the beginning and ending of the school
year. Seasonal adjustment makes it easier to observe fundamental
changes in the level of the series, particularly those associated
with general economic expansions and contractions. A concurrent
seasonal adjustment methodology is used in which new seasonal
adjustment factors are calculated each month, using all relevant
data, up to and including the data for the current month.
Alignment procedure
JOLTS hires minus separations should be comparable to the CES net
employment change. However, definitional differences as well as
sampling and non-sampling errors between the two surveys
historically caused JOLTS to diverge from CES over time. To limit
the divergence, and improve the quality of the JOLTS hires and
separations series, BLS implemented the Monthly Alignment Method.
The Monthly Alignment Method applies the CES employment trends to
the seasonally adjusted JOLTS implied employment trend (hires minus
separations) forcing them to be approximately the same, while
preserving the seasonality of the JOLTS data. First, the two
series are seasonally adjusted and the difference between the JOLTS
implied employment trend and the CES net employment change is
calculated. Next, the JOLTS implied employment trend is adjusted to
equal the CES net employment change through a proportional
adjustment. This proportional adjustment procedure adjusts the two
components (hires, separations) proportionally to their
contribution to the total churn (hires plus separations). For
example, if hires are 40 percent of the churn for a given month,
they will receive 40 percent of the needed adjustment and
separations will receive 60 percent of the needed adjustment. The
adjusted hires and separations are converted back to not seasonally
adjusted data by reversing the application of the original seasonal
factors. After the monthly alignment method has been used to
adjust the level estimates, rate estimates are computed from the
adjusted levels. The Monthly Alignment procedure assures a close
match of the JOLTS implied employment trend with the CES trend. The
CES series is considered a highly accurate measure of net
employment change owing to its very large sample size and annual
benchmarking to universe counts of employment from the QCEW
program.
Using JOLTS data
The JOLTS data series on job openings, hires, and separations are
relatively new. The full sample is divided into panels, with one
panel enrolled each month. A full complement of panels for the
original data series based on the 1987 Standard Industrial
Classification (SIC) system was not completely enrolled in the
survey until January 2002. The supplemental panels of
establishments needed to create NAICS estimates were not completely
enrolled until May 2003. The data collected up until those points
are from less than a full sample. Therefore, estimates from
earlier months should be used with caution, as fewer sampled units
were reporting data at that time.
In March 2002, BLS procedures for collecting hires and
separations data were revised to address possible underreporting.
As a result, JOLTS hires and separations estimates for months prior
to March 2002 may not be comparable to estimates for March 2002 and
later.
The federal government reorganization that involved transferring
approximately 180,000 employees to the new Department of Homeland
Security is not reflected in the JOLTS hires and separations
estimates for the federal government. The Office of Personnel
Management's record shows these transfers were completed in March
2003. The inclusion of transfers in the JOLTS definitions of hires
and separations is intended to cover ongoing movements of workers
between establishments. The Department of Homeland Security
reorganization was a massive one-time event, and the inclusion of
these intergovernmental transfers would distort the federal
government time series.
JOLTS uses moving averages as seasonal filters in seasonal
adjustment. JOLTS seasonal adjustment includes both additive and
multiplicative seasonal adjustment models and REGARIMA (regression
with autocorrelated errors) modeling to improve the seasonal
adjustment factors at the beginning and end of the series and to
detect and adjust for outliers in the series.
Reliability of the estimates
JOLTS estimates are subject to both sampling and nonsampling
error. When a sample rather than the entire population is
surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ
from the "true" population values they represent. The exact
difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the particular
sample selected, and this variability is measured by the standard
error of the estimate. BLS analysis is generally conducted at the
90-percent level of confidence. That means that there is a
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90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a
sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard errors from the
"true" population value because of sampling error. Estimates of
sampling errors are available upon request.
The JOLTS estimates also are affected by nonsampling error.
Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, including the failure
to include a segment of the population, the inability to obtain
data from all units in the sample, the inability or unwillingness
of respondents to provide data on a timely basis, mistakes made by
respondents, errors made in the collection or processing of the
data, and errors from the employment benchmark data used in
estimation.
Other information
Information in this release will be made available to sensory
impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-691-5200; TDD
message referral phone: 1-800-877-8339.
Table 1. Job openings levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, seasonally adjusted
Levels(3) (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Mar. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Mar. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar.
2009 2009 2009 2009 2010 2010 2010p 2009 2009 2009 2009 2010 2010 2010p
Total.................................... 2,671 2,546 2,456 2,531 2,854 2,647 2,694 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.9 2.2 2.0 2.0
INDUSTRY
Total private(4)........................ 2,227 2,164 2,113 2,130 2,471 2,266 2,286 2.0 2.0 1.9 2.0 2.3 2.1 2.1
Construction........................... 55 65 71 67 62 65 77 .9 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.4
Manufacturing.......................... 120 141 155 171 154 167 176 1.0 1.2 1.3 1.5 1.3 1.4 1.5
Trade, transportation, and utilities(5) 425 363 334 378 395 453 473 1.7 1.4 1.3 1.5 1.6 1.8 1.9
Retail trade.......................... 266 228 207 237 255 297 314 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.6 1.7 2.0 2.1
Professional and business services..... 413 436 425 404 424 409 420 2.4 2.6 2.5 2.4 2.5 2.4 2.5
Education and health services.......... 513 529 537 545 624 502 510 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.7 3.1 2.5 2.6
Leisure and hospitality................ 291 268 236 227 268 285 262 2.2 2.0 1.8 1.7 2.0 2.1 2.0
Arts, entertainment, and recreation... 25 19 23 20 19 19 20 1.3 1.0 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.1
Accommodation and food services....... 266 249 214 207 250 266 242 2.3 2.2 1.9 1.8 2.2 2.3 2.1
Government(6)........................... 444 382 343 401 383 381 408 1.9 1.7 1.5 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.8
State and local government............. 269 292 249 294 256 246 265 1.3 1.5 1.3 1.5 1.3 1.2 1.3
REGION(7)
Northeast.............................. 594 532 482 547 585 542 536 2.3 2.1 1.9 2.2 2.3 2.2 2.1
South.................................. 988 915 859 943 986 916 942 2.0 1.9 1.8 2.0 2.1 1.9 2.0
Midwest................................ 510 566 553 495 613 566 566 1.7 1.9 1.8 1.7 2.0 1.9 1.9
West................................... 562 605 586 603 648 682 680 1.9 2.1 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.3
1 Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.
2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus
job openings.
3 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown.
4 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.
5 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.
6 Includes federal government, not shown separately.
7 The States (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts,
New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of
Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas,
Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio,
South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah,
Washington, and Wyoming.
p = preliminary.
Table 2. Hires levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, seasonally adjusted
Levels(3) (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Mar. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Mar. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar.
2009 2009 2009 2009 2010 2010 2010p 2009 2009 2009 2009 2010 2010 2010p
Total.................................... 3,935 4,001 4,160 3,997 4,087 4,011 4,242 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.1 3.2 3.1 3.3
INDUSTRY
Total private(4)........................ 3,670 3,689 3,878 3,715 3,790 3,710 3,887 3.4 3.4 3.6 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.6
Construction........................... 314 325 329 335 312 306 398 5.0 5.7 5.7 5.9 5.6 5.5 7.1
Manufacturing.......................... 248 243 259 244 289 267 279 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.1 2.5 2.3 2.4
Trade, transportation, and utilities(5) 863 772 847 849 822 821 901 3.4 3.1 3.4 3.4 3.3 3.3 3.6
Retail trade.......................... 564 518 554 547 584 572 649 3.9 3.6 3.9 3.8 4.1 4.0 4.5
Professional and business services..... 640 709 808 652 729 767 742 3.8 4.3 4.9 4.0 4.4 4.6 4.5
Education and health services.......... 469 522 512 496 487 470 473 2.5 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.5 2.4 2.4
Leisure and hospitality................ 697 663 693 657 715 652 671 5.3 5.1 5.3 5.1 5.5 5.0 5.1
Arts, entertainment, and recreation... 90 100 111 94 102 88 100 4.7 5.2 5.9 5.0 5.4 4.6 5.3
Accommodation and food services....... 607 563 582 562 613 564 571 5.4 5.1 5.2 5.1 5.5 5.1 5.1
Government(6)........................... 265 312 282 282 297 301 355 1.2 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.6
State and local government............. 241 271 247 254 254 258 265 1.2 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4
REGION(7)
Northeast.............................. 699 805 758 746 836 733 837 2.8 3.3 3.1 3.0 3.4 3.0 3.4
South.................................. 1,424 1,420 1,555 1,463 1,449 1,381 1,596 3.0 3.0 3.3 3.1 3.1 2.9 3.4
Midwest................................ 910 949 896 900 936 965 1,030 3.0 3.2 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.5
West................................... 871 933 970 879 922 861 958 3.0 3.2 3.4 3.1 3.2 3.0 3.3
1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.
2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
3 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown.
4 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.
5 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.
6 Includes federal government, not shown separately.
7 See footnote 7, table 1.
p = preliminary.
Table 3. Total separations levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, seasonally adjusted
Levels(3) (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Mar. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Mar. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar.
2009 2009 2009 2009 2010 2010 2010p 2009 2009 2009 2009 2010 2010 2010p
Total.................................... 4,710 4,171 4,130 4,195 4,155 3,969 4,016 3.6 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.1 3.1
INDUSTRY
Total private(4)........................ 4,444 3,901 3,846 3,884 3,858 3,663 3,698 4.1 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.4 3.4
Construction........................... 458 381 347 382 405 362 376 7.3 6.6 6.1 6.7 7.2 6.5 6.7
Manufacturing.......................... 413 293 285 273 276 260 251 3.4 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.3 2.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities(5) 1,011 844 853 901 856 806 873 4.0 3.4 3.5 3.7 3.5 3.3 3.5
Retail trade.......................... 649 567 544 567 577 551 626 4.4 3.9 3.8 3.9 4.0 3.8 4.3
Professional and business services..... 782 717 706 649 698 716 708 4.7 4.4 4.3 3.9 4.2 4.3 4.3
Education and health services.......... 470 473 486 486 457 440 424 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.3 2.2
Leisure and hospitality................ 756 707 716 688 709 621 639 5.8 5.4 5.5 5.3 5.5 4.8 4.9
Arts, entertainment, and recreation... 101 128 116 109 111 78 98 5.2 6.7 6.1 5.8 5.9 4.1 5.2
Accommodation and food services....... 655 579 600 578 598 543 540 5.8 5.2 5.4 5.2 5.4 4.9 4.9
Government(6)........................... 266 269 284 311 296 306 318 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.4
State and local government............. 248 242 249 283 269 273 279 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4
REGION(7)
Northeast.............................. 852 727 728 817 789 730 804 3.4 3.0 3.0 3.3 3.2 3.0 3.3
South.................................. 1,743 1,544 1,531 1,499 1,561 1,459 1,426 3.7 3.3 3.3 3.2 3.3 3.1 3.0
Midwest................................ 1,071 920 752 1,016 988 858 894 3.6 3.1 2.6 3.5 3.4 2.9 3.0
West................................... 994 939 894 1,061 1,034 954 890 3.4 3.3 3.1 3.7 3.6 3.3 3.1
1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.
2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
3 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown.
4 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.
5 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.
6 Includes federal government, not shown separately.
7 See footnote 7, table 1.
p = preliminary.
Table 4. Quits levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, seasonally adjusted
Levels(3) (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Mar. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Mar. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar.
2009 2009 2009 2009 2010 2010 2010p 2009 2009 2009 2009 2010 2010 2010p
Total.................................... 1,942 1,723 1,837 1,753 1,772 1,851 1,868 1.5 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4
INDUSTRY
Total private(4)........................ 1,836 1,620 1,731 1,639 1,661 1,719 1,749 1.7 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.6
Construction........................... 99 62 92 76 99 84 90 1.6 1.1 1.6 1.3 1.8 1.5 1.6
Manufacturing.......................... 90 80 75 75 85 97 89 .7 .7 .6 .7 .7 .8 .8
Trade, transportation, and utilities(5) 470 382 413 392 368 432 414 1.9 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.8 1.7
Retail trade.......................... 335 287 276 291 266 333 307 2.3 2.0 1.9 2.0 1.8 2.3 2.1
Professional and business services..... 294 277 264 248 259 300 301 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.8 1.8
Education and health services.......... 248 267 262 271 248 237 227 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.2
Leisure and hospitality................ 424 356 397 375 401 393 403 3.2 2.7 3.0 2.9 3.1 3.0 3.1
Arts, entertainment, and recreation... 30 39 42 32 48 35 39 1.6 2.0 2.2 1.7 2.5 1.9 2.0
Accommodation and food services....... 393 317 355 344 353 358 364 3.5 2.8 3.2 3.1 3.2 3.2 3.3
Government(6)........................... 106 102 106 114 112 132 118 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .6 .5
State and local government............. 102 98 101 106 106 121 107 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .6 .5
REGION(7)
Northeast.............................. 293 300 276 280 268 320 323 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.3 1.3
South.................................. 821 677 757 722 736 755 752 1.7 1.4 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.6
Midwest................................ 442 382 377 391 380 421 434 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.5
West................................... 429 388 446 382 362 434 390 1.5 1.3 1.6 1.3 1.3 1.5 1.4
1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.
2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
3 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown.
4 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.
5 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.
6 Includes federal government, not shown separately.
7 See footnote 7, table 1.
p = preliminary.
Table 5. Job openings levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Mar. Feb. Mar. Mar. Feb. Mar.
2009 2010 2010p 2009 2010 2010p
Total........................................... 2,591 2,516 2,647 1.9 1.9 2.0
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 2,162 2,171 2,250 2.0 2.0 2.1
Mining and Logging............................ 10 12 13 1.4 1.7 1.9
Construction.................................. 52 65 75 .9 1.2 1.4
Manufacturing................................. 112 165 166 .9 1.4 1.4
Durable goods................................ 56 94 100 .7 1.3 1.4
Nondurable goods............................. 56 71 66 1.2 1.6 1.5
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 412 439 491 1.6 1.8 2.0
Wholesale trade.............................. 98 112 126 1.7 2.0 2.2
Retail trade................................. 245 267 311 1.7 1.9 2.1
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 69 60 55 1.4 1.3 1.2
Information................................... 57 78 73 2.0 2.8 2.6
Financial activities.......................... 177 142 171 2.2 1.8 2.2
Finance and insurance........................ 132 109 152 2.2 1.9 2.6
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 44 33 18 2.2 1.7 1.0
Professional and business services............ 390 400 400 2.3 2.4 2.4
Education and health services................. 503 487 489 2.5 2.4 2.4
Educational services......................... 32 56 53 1.0 1.7 1.6
Health care and social assistance............ 471 431 436 2.9 2.6 2.6
Leisure and hospitality....................... 303 262 273 2.3 2.1 2.1
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 26 19 22 1.5 1.1 1.2
Accommodation and food services............. 277 242 251 2.5 2.2 2.2
Other services................................ 147 122 100 2.7 2.3 1.9
Government..................................... 429 345 397 1.8 1.5 1.7
Federal....................................... 175 117 147 5.9 4.0 4.8
State and local............................... 255 228 249 1.2 1.1 1.2
REGION (3)
Northeast..................................... 555 482 488 2.2 1.9 2.0
South......................................... 981 875 934 2.0 1.9 2.0
Midwest....................................... 508 515 561 1.7 1.7 1.9
West.......................................... 547 642 665 1.8 2.2 2.3
1 Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.
2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a
percent of total employment plus job openings.
3 See footnote 7, table 1.
p = preliminary.
Table 6. Hires levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Mar. Feb. Mar. Mar. Feb. Mar.
2009 2010 2010p 2009 2010 2010p
Total........................................... 3,661 3,243 3,962 2.8 2.5 3.1
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 3,481 3,036 3,696 3.2 2.9 3.5
Mining and Logging............................ 14 20 23 2.0 3.0 3.4
Construction.................................. 330 238 417 5.6 4.6 7.9
Manufacturing................................. 235 237 270 1.9 2.1 2.4
Durable goods................................ 146 132 152 1.9 1.9 2.2
Nondurable goods............................. 89 105 118 1.9 2.4 2.7
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 828 609 885 3.3 2.5 3.6
Wholesale trade.............................. 129 107 138 2.3 1.9 2.5
Retail trade................................. 539 411 637 3.7 2.9 4.5
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 160 91 110 3.3 2.0 2.4
Information................................... 56 44 48 2.0 1.6 1.8
Financial activities.......................... 155 135 136 2.0 1.8 1.8
Finance and insurance........................ 99 86 94 1.7 1.5 1.7
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 56 49 42 2.8 2.5 2.2
Professional and business services............ 607 677 707 3.7 4.2 4.3
Education and health services................. 411 401 396 2.1 2.1 2.0
Educational services......................... 37 58 45 1.1 1.8 1.4
Health care and social assistance............ 374 344 351 2.3 2.1 2.2
Leisure and hospitality....................... 686 539 658 5.4 4.3 5.2
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 82 56 89 4.6 3.3 5.1
Accommodation and food services............. 604 483 569 5.5 4.5 5.2
Other services................................ 159 135 156 3.0 2.6 2.9
Government..................................... 180 207 266 .8 .9 1.2
Federal....................................... 19 34 85 .7 1.2 2.9
State and local............................... 160 172 180 .8 .9 .9
REGION (3)
Northeast..................................... 625 543 695 2.5 2.2 2.8
South......................................... 1,357 1,205 1,477 2.9 2.6 3.2
Midwest....................................... 876 788 954 2.9 2.7 3.3
West.......................................... 802 706 835 2.8 2.5 2.9
1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.
2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
3 See footnote 7, table 1.
p = preliminary.
Table 7. Total separations levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Mar. Feb. Mar. Mar. Feb. Mar.
2009 2010 2010p 2009 2010 2010p
Total........................................... 3,962 3,136 3,339 3.0 2.4 2.6
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 3,802 2,956 3,140 3.5 2.8 3.0
Mining and Logging............................ 33 15 15 4.6 2.3 2.2
Construction.................................. 370 304 304 6.2 5.9 5.8
Manufacturing................................. 385 230 227 3.2 2.0 2.0
Durable goods................................ 263 131 124 3.5 1.9 1.8
Nondurable goods............................. 122 99 103 2.7 2.2 2.3
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 842 654 730 3.4 2.7 3.0
Wholesale trade.............................. 151 105 118 2.7 1.9 2.1
Retail trade................................. 524 453 517 3.6 3.2 3.6
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 167 96 94 3.4 2.1 2.0
Information................................... 67 48 58 2.4 1.8 2.1
Financial activities.......................... 211 151 160 2.7 2.0 2.1
Finance and insurance........................ 122 90 112 2.1 1.6 2.0
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 89 61 49 4.5 3.2 2.5
Professional and business services............ 755 625 702 4.6 3.8 4.3
Education and health services................. 396 333 347 2.1 1.7 1.8
Educational services......................... 43 32 40 1.3 1.0 1.2
Health care and social assistance............ 353 301 307 2.2 1.9 1.9
Leisure and hospitality....................... 583 459 476 4.6 3.7 3.8
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 61 41 56 3.4 2.4 3.2
Accommodation and food services............. 522 418 420 4.8 3.9 3.9
Other services................................ 160 136 120 3.0 2.6 2.3
Government..................................... 161 180 199 .7 .8 .9
Federal....................................... 13 26 32 .5 .9 1.1
State and local............................... 147 154 167 .7 .8 .8
REGION (3)
Northeast..................................... 685 528 651 2.8 2.2 2.7
South......................................... 1,518 1,181 1,226 3.2 2.6 2.6
Midwest....................................... 890 658 734 3.0 2.3 2.5
West.......................................... 870 769 729 3.0 2.7 2.6
1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.
2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of
total employment.
3 See footnote 7, table 1.
p = preliminary.
Table 8. Quits levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Mar. Feb. Mar. Mar. Feb. Mar.
2009 2010 2010p 2009 2010 2010p
Total........................................... 1,628 1,435 1,591 1.2 1.1 1.2
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 1,556 1,347 1,508 1.4 1.3 1.4
Mining and Logging............................ 7 6 7 1.0 .8 1.0
Construction.................................. 80 67 73 1.3 1.3 1.4
Manufacturing................................. 79 80 79 .6 .7 .7
Durable goods................................ 38 42 37 .5 .6 .5
Nondurable goods............................. 40 38 41 .9 .9 .9
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 401 336 362 1.6 1.4 1.5
Wholesale trade.............................. 54 31 56 .9 .6 1.0
Retail trade................................. 278 258 259 1.9 1.8 1.8
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 69 47 47 1.4 1.0 1.0
Information................................... 28 20 34 1.0 .7 1.2
Financial activities.......................... 67 61 81 .9 .8 1.1
Finance and insurance........................ 41 34 63 .7 .6 1.1
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 26 27 19 1.3 1.4 1.0
Professional and business services............ 286 259 307 1.7 1.6 1.9
Education and health services................. 210 178 186 1.1 .9 .9
Educational services......................... 20 19 23 .6 .6 .7
Health care and social assistance............ 190 159 162 1.2 1.0 1.0
Leisure and hospitality....................... 329 294 313 2.6 2.4 2.5
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 20 20 24 1.1 1.2 1.4
Accommodation and food services............. 309 274 289 2.8 2.6 2.6
Other services................................ 70 47 67 1.3 .9 1.3
Government..................................... 72 88 83 .3 .4 .4
Federal....................................... 2 9 10 .1 .3 .3
State and local............................... 70 79 74 .3 .4 .4
REGION (3)
Northeast..................................... 232 211 267 .9 .9 1.1
South......................................... 695 577 649 1.5 1.2 1.4
Midwest....................................... 356 302 366 1.2 1.0 1.3
West.......................................... 344 345 309 1.2 1.2 1.1
1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.
2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
3 See footnote 7, table 1.
p = preliminary.
Table 9. Layoffs and discharges levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Mar. Feb. Mar. Mar. Feb. Mar.
2009 2010 2010p 2009 2010 2010p
Total........................................... 2,041 1,424 1,438 1.6 1.1 1.1
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 1,984 1,373 1,368 1.8 1.3 1.3
Mining and Logging............................ 23 8 7 3.2 1.2 1.0
Construction.................................. 281 220 212 4.7 4.3 4.0
Manufacturing................................. 283 135 128 2.3 1.2 1.1
Durable goods................................ 210 79 76 2.8 1.1 1.1
Nondurable goods............................. 73 56 52 1.6 1.3 1.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 360 251 313 1.4 1.0 1.3
Wholesale trade.............................. 79 58 51 1.4 1.0 .9
Retail trade................................. 194 152 232 1.3 1.1 1.6
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 87 42 30 1.8 .9 .7
Information................................... 33 23 17 1.2 .9 .6
Financial activities.......................... 123 58 59 1.6 .8 .8
Finance and insurance........................ 68 30 33 1.2 .5 .6
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 55 29 26 2.8 1.5 1.3
Professional and business services............ 420 324 318 2.5 2.0 1.9
Education and health services................. 138 126 121 .7 .6 .6
Educational services......................... 14 11 13 .4 .3 .4
Health care and social assistance............ 124 116 109 .8 .7 .7
Leisure and hospitality....................... 236 145 141 1.9 1.2 1.1
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 39 18 29 2.2 1.0 1.7
Accommodation and food services............. 197 127 112 1.8 1.2 1.0
Other services................................ 87 81 51 1.6 1.5 1.0
Government..................................... 56 51 70 .2 .2 .3
Federal....................................... 5 8 12 .2 .3 .4
State and local............................... 52 42 59 .3 .2 .3
REGION (3)
Northeast..................................... 381 264 331 1.5 1.1 1.4
South......................................... 719 502 474 1.5 1.1 1.0
Midwest....................................... 472 301 318 1.6 1.0 1.1
West.......................................... 468 356 315 1.6 1.3 1.1
1 Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.
2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a
percent of total employment.
3 See footnote 7, table 1.
p = preliminary.
Table 10. Other separations levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Mar. Feb. Mar. Mar. Feb. Mar.
2009 2010 2010p 2009 2010 2010p
Total........................................... 294 277 310 0.2 0.2 0.2
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 262 236 264 .2 .2 .2
Mining and Logging............................ 2 1 2 .3 .2 .3
Construction.................................. 9 17 19 .2 .3 .4
Manufacturing................................. 24 14 20 .2 .1 .2
Durable goods................................ 15 10 10 .2 .1 .1
Nondurable goods............................. 9 5 10 .2 .1 .2
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 80 67 55 .3 .3 .2
Wholesale trade.............................. 19 16 12 .3 .3 .2
Retail trade................................. 52 44 27 .4 .3 .2
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 10 7 16 .2 .2 .4
Information................................... 6 4 7 .2 .2 .2
Financial activities.......................... 21 32 20 .3 .4 .3
Finance and insurance........................ 13 26 16 .2 .5 .3
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 7 6 5 .4 .3 .2
Professional and business services............ 50 43 77 .3 .3 .5
Education and health services................. 49 28 40 .3 .1 .2
Educational services......................... 9 2 4 .3 .1 .1
Health care and social assistance............ 40 26 36 .2 .2 .2
Leisure and hospitality....................... 18 20 22 .1 .2 .2
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 2 4 2 .1 .2 .1
Accommodation and food services............. 15 17 19 .1 .2 .2
Other services................................ 2 8 2 (4) .2 (4)
Government..................................... 32 40 46 .1 .2 .2
Federal....................................... 7 9 11 .2 .3 .4
State and local............................... 26 32 35 .1 .2 .2
REGION (3)
Northeast..................................... 72 53 52 .3 .2 .2
South......................................... 104 101 104 .2 .2 .2
Midwest....................................... 61 55 49 .2 .2 .2
West.......................................... 58 67 104 .2 .2 .4
1 Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.
2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of
total employment.
3 See footnote 7, table 1.
4 Data round to zero.
p = preliminary.
United States Department of Labor
