For release 10:00 a.m. (ET) Tuesday, May 11, 2021	USDL-21-0856
Technical information:	(202) 691-5870  •  JoltsInfo@bls.gov  •  www.bls.gov/jlt
Media contact:		(202) 691-5902  •  PressOffice@bls.gov

                             JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – MARCH 2021

The number of job openings reached a series high of 8.1 million on the last business day of March, the 
U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Hires were little changed at 6.0 million. Total 
separations were little changed at 5.3 million. Within separations, the quits rate was unchanged at 2.4 
percent while the layoffs and discharges rate decreased to a series low of 1.0 percent. This release 
includes estimates of the number and rate of job openings, hires, and separations for the total nonfarm 
sector, by industry, by four geographic regions, and by establishment size class. 
 
Job Openings

On the last business day of March, the job openings level reached a series high of 8.1 million 
(+597,000). The job openings series began in December 2000. The job openings rate increased to 5.3 
percent. Job openings increased in a number of industries with the largest increases in accommodation 
and food services (+185,000); state and local government education (+155,000); and arts, entertainment, 
and recreation (+81,000). The number of job openings decreased in health care and social assistance     
(-218,000). The number of job openings increased in the Northeast and Midwest regions. (See table 1.)

Hires

In March, the number and rate of hires changed little at 6.0 million and 4.2 percent, respectively. Hires 
increased in state and local government education (+62,000); educational services (+31,000); and 
mining and logging (+17,000). The number of hires was little changed in all four regions. (See table 2.)

Separations

Total separations includes quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Quits are generally 
voluntary separations initiated by the employee. Therefore, the quits rate can serve as a measure of 
workers’ willingness or ability to leave jobs. Layoffs and discharges are involuntary separations initiated 
by the employer. Other separations includes separations due to retirement, death, disability, and transfers 
to other locations of the same firm.

In March, the number and rate of total separations were little changed at 5.3 million and 3.7 percent, 
respectively. The total separations level decreased in construction (-82,000) and in state and local 
government education (-25,000). Total separations were little changed in all four regions. (See table 3.)

In March, the quits level and rate were little changed at 3.5 million and 2.4 percent, respectively. The 
number of quits increased in accommodation and food services (+63,000) and in information (+16,000). 
Quits decreased in state and local government education (-19,000). The number of quits was little 
changed in all four regions. (See table 4.)

In March, the number of layoffs and discharges decreased to a series low of 1.5 million. The layoffs 
and discharges rate decreased to 1.0 percent. The number of layoffs and discharges decreased in 
construction (-93,000). Layoffs and discharges were little changed in all four regions. (See table 5.)

The number of other separations was little changed in March at 334,000. Other separations increased 
in professional and business services (+29,000). Other separations decreased in information (-7,000); 
state and local government education (-6,000); and nondurable goods manufacturing (-5,000). The other 
separations level was little changed in all four regions. (See table 6.)

Net Change in Employment

Large numbers of hires and separations occur every month throughout the business cycle. Net 
employment change results from the relationship between hires and separations. When the number of 
hires exceeds the number of separations, employment rises, even if the hires level is steady or declining. 
Conversely, when the number of hires is less than the number of separations, employment declines, even 
if the hires level is steady or rising.

Over the 12 months ending in March, hires totaled 73.2 million and separations totaled 69.9 million, 
yielding a net employment gain of 3.3 million. These totals include workers who may have been hired 
and separated more than once during the year.

Establishment Size Class

JOLTS produces estimates for job openings, hires, and separations by establishment size. These 
estimates can provide additional insight into the internal dynamics of the labor market. There are six 
employment size classes: 1-9; 10-49; 50-249; 250-999; 1,000-4,999; and 5,000 or more employees. 
Utilizing these size classes, establishments can also be described as small (1-49 employees), medium 
(50-249), and large (250+). For a more in-depth description of the JOLTS establishment size class 
estimates, please visit www.bls.gov/jlt/sizeclassmethodology.htm.

In March, the job openings rate increased in medium establishments with 50-249 employees and large 
establishments with 5,000 or more employees. In small establishments with 1-9 employees, the layoffs 
and discharges rate decreased. The layoffs and discharges rate increased in large establishments with 
250-999 employees. 
_____________	
The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey estimates for April 2021 are scheduled to be 
released on Tuesday, June 8, 2021 at 10:00 a.m. (ET).

________________________________________________________________________________________________________
|			Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic Impact on March 2021				|
| 			    Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey Data					|
|													|
|Data collection for the JOLTS survey was affected by the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. While 42 	|
|percent of data are usually collected by phone at the JOLTS data collection center, most phone 	|
|respondents were asked to report electronically. However, data collection was adversely impacted due to| 
|the inability to reach some respondents that normally respond by phone. The JOLTS response rate for 	|
|March was 45 percent, while response rates prior to the pandemic averaged 54 percent. 			|
|More information about the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the JOLTS survey, including 		|	
|information about the JOLTS estimation methodology, is available at 					|
|www.bls.gov/covid19/job-openings-and-labor-turnover-covid19-March-2021.htm.				|
|_______________________________________________________________________________________________________|

Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted

Category	Job openings			Hires			Total separations
	Mar. 2020	Feb. 2021	Mar. 2021(p)	Mar. 2020	Feb. 2021	Mar. 2021(p)	Mar. 2020	Feb. 2021	Mar. 2021(p)
LEVELS BY INDUSTRY (in thousands)
Total	5,769	7,526	8,123	5,132	5,794	6,009	16,308	5,429	5,322
Total private	5,061	6,868	7,290	4,751	5,490	5,632	15,763	5,078	4,998
Mining and logging	16	20	31	23	19	36	45	22	12
Construction	228	272	344	403	399	445	784	426	344
Manufacturing	302	572	706	313	393	425	891	369	387
Durable goods	170	298	365	176	218	247	532	200	221
Nondurable goods	132	273	341	136	175	178	358	169	166
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,050	1,396	1,475	1,116	1,118	1,151	2,771	1,118	1,091
Wholesale trade	150	216	249	136	139	155	335	139	147
Retail trade	571	819	878	734	734	753	1,834	746	728
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	330	361	348	246	245	243	602	233	216
Information	122	109	106	69	88	82	246	79	87
Financial activities	352	303	354	230	199	213	383	201	207
Finance and insurance	261	229	267	153	131	133	179	132	136
Real estate and rental and leasing	91	74	87	76	68	80	203	69	71
Professional and business services	1,042	1,373	1,374	1,116	1,129	1,127	1,931	1,062	1,050
Education and health services	1,143	1,592	1,425	648	703	738	2,035	670	669
Educational services	101	105	157	93	86	117	371	80	78
Health care and social assistance	1,041	1,486	1,268	554	617	621	1,663	590	591
Leisure and hospitality	648	942	1,209	677	1,194	1,188	5,713	904	947
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	129	134	215	119	135	147	665	126	120
Accommodation and food services	519	808	993	558	1,059	1,041	5,048	778	827
Other services	158	289	266	157	248	227	965	225	203
Government	708	658	833	381	304	377	545	351	324
Federal	123	88	108	58	37	36	42	40	37
State and local	585	570	725	324	267	340	503	311	287
State and local education	209	175	330	167	121	183	294	162	137
State and local, excluding education	377	395	395	156	146	157	208	149	150
RATES BY INDUSTRY (percent)
Total	3.7	5.0	5.3	3.4	4.0	4.2	10.8	3.8	3.7
Total private	3.8	5.3	5.6	3.7	4.5	4.6	12.3	4.2	4.1
Mining and logging	2.4	3.3	4.8	3.4	3.2	5.9	6.7	3.7	2.0
Construction	2.9	3.6	4.4	5.3	5.4	6.0	10.4	5.8	4.6
Manufacturing	2.3	4.5	5.4	2.5	3.2	3.5	7.0	3.0	3.2
Durable goods	2.1	3.8	4.6	2.2	2.9	3.2	6.7	2.6	2.9
Nondurable goods	2.7	5.6	6.8	2.9	3.8	3.8	7.5	3.7	3.6
Trade, transportation, and utilities	3.6	4.9	5.1	4.0	4.1	4.2	10.0	4.1	4.0
Wholesale trade	2.5	3.7	4.2	2.3	2.5	2.7	5.7	2.5	2.6
Retail trade	3.6	5.1	5.5	4.7	4.8	4.9	11.8	4.9	4.8
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	4.9	5.5	5.2	3.9	3.9	3.9	9.5	3.7	3.4
Information	4.0	3.9	3.8	2.4	3.3	3.1	8.5	2.9	3.2
Financial activities	3.8	3.3	3.9	2.6	2.3	2.4	4.3	2.3	2.4
Finance and insurance	3.9	3.4	3.9	2.4	2.0	2.0	2.8	2.0	2.1
Real estate and rental and leasing	3.8	3.2	3.7	3.3	3.0	3.6	8.7	3.1	3.2
Professional and business services	4.7	6.2	6.2	5.2	5.5	5.4	9.1	5.1	5.1
Education and health services	4.5	6.4	5.7	2.7	3.0	3.2	8.4	2.9	2.9
Educational services	2.7	3.0	4.3	2.5	2.5	3.4	10.0	2.4	2.3
Health care and social assistance	4.8	7.0	6.0	2.7	3.1	3.1	8.1	3.0	3.0
Leisure and hospitality	3.9	6.5	8.1	4.2	8.8	8.6	35.4	6.7	6.9
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	5.1	7.2	10.7	4.9	7.8	8.2	27.7	7.3	6.7
Accommodation and food services	3.6	6.4	7.7	4.1	9.0	8.7	36.8	6.6	6.9
Other services	2.6	5.0	4.6	2.7	4.5	4.1	16.5	4.1	3.7
Government	3.0	3.0	3.7	1.7	1.4	1.7	2.4	1.6	1.5
Federal	4.1	3.0	3.6	2.0	1.3	1.3	1.5	1.4	1.3
State and local	2.9	3.0	3.7	1.6	1.4	1.8	2.5	1.7	1.5
State and local education	1.9	1.8	3.3	1.6	1.3	1.9	2.8	1.7	1.4
State and local, excluding education	3.9	4.2	4.2	1.7	1.6	1.8	2.2	1.7	1.7
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Technical Note

Special technical note:  This technical note describes the procedures regularly used on a monthly basis to develop 
estimates from JOLTS survey responses. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, some of the procedures described in this technical 
note have been modified. The modifications are briefly described in the box note in the news release and are 
described in more detail at www.bls.gov/covid19/effects-of-covid-19-pandemic-on-job-openings-and-labor-turnover-data.htm.

This news release presents statistics from the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The JOLTS 
program provides information on labor demand and turnover. Additional information about the JOLTS program can 
be found at www.bls.gov/jlt/. Estimates are published for job openings, hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, 
other separations, and total separations. The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments, as well as 
federal, state, and local government entities in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Industries are classified in 
accordance with the North American Industry Classification System.

Definitions

Employment.  Employment includes persons on the payroll who worked or received pay for the pay period that 
includes the 12th day of the reference month. Full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term, seasonal, salaried, and 
hourly employees are included, as are employees on paid vacation or other paid leave. Proprietors or partners of 
unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, or employees on strike for the entire pay period, and employees 
on leave without pay for the entire pay period are not counted as employed. Employees of temporary help agencies, 
employee leasing companies, outside contractors, and consultants are counted by their employer of record, not by 
the establishment where they are working.

Job Openings.  Job openings include all positions that are open on the last business day of the reference month. 

A job is open only if it meets all three of these conditions: 
* A specific position exists and there is work available for that position. The position can be full-time or part-
time, and it can be permanent, short-term, or seasonal. 
* The job could start within 30 days, whether or not the employer can find a suitable candidate during that time. 
* The employer is actively recruiting workers from outside the establishment to fill the position. Active 
recruiting means that the establishment is taking steps to fill a position. It may include advertising in 
newspapers, on television, or on the radio; posting Internet notices, posting “help wanted” signs, 
networking or making “word-of-mouth” announcements; accepting applications; interviewing candidates; 
contacting employment agencies; or soliciting employees at job fairs, state or local employment offices, or 
similar sources.

Excluded are positions open only to internal transfers, promotions or demotions, or recall from layoffs. Also 
excluded are openings for positions with start dates more than 30 days in the future, positions for which employees 
have been hired but the employees have not yet reported for work, and positions to be filled by employees of 
temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The job openings rate is 
computed by dividing the number of job openings by the sum of employment and job openings and multiplying that 
quotient by 100.

Hires.  Hires include all additions to the payroll during the entire reference month, including newly hired and 
rehired employees; full-time and part-time employees; permanent, short-term, and seasonal employees; employees 
who were recalled to a job at the location following a layoff (formal suspension from pay status) lasting more than 7 
days; on-call or intermittent employees who returned to work after having been formally separated; workers who 
were hired and separated during the month, and transfers from other locations. Excluded are transfers or promotions 
within the reporting location, employees returning from strike, employees of temporary help agencies, employee 
leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The hires rate is computed by dividing the number of hires by 
employment and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Separations.  Separations include all separations from the payroll during the entire reference month and is 
reported by type of separation: quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Quits include employees who 
left voluntarily with the exception of retirements or transfers to other locations. Layoffs and discharges includes 
involuntary separations initiated by the employer including layoffs with no intent to rehire; layoffs (formal 
suspensions from pay status) lasting or expected to last more than 7 days; discharges resulting from mergers, 
downsizing, or closings; firings or other discharges for cause; terminations of permanent or short-term employees; 
and terminations of seasonal employees (whether or not they are expected to return the next season). Other 
separations include retirements, transfers to other locations, separations due to employee disability; and deaths. 
Excluded from separations are transfers within the same location; employees on strike; employees of temporary help 
agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The separations rate is computed by 
dividing the number of separations by employment and multiplying that quotient by 100. The quits, layoffs and 
discharges, and other separations rates are computed similarly.

Estimation Method

The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random sample of 20,700 nonfarm business and government 
establishments. The sample is stratified by ownership, region, industry sector, and establishment size class. The 
establishments are drawn from a universe of over 9.4 million establishments compiled by the Quarterly Census of 
Employment and Wages (QCEW) program which includes all employers subject to state unemployment insurance 
laws and federal agencies subject to the Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees program.

Employment estimates are benchmarked, or ratio adjusted, monthly to the strike-adjusted employment estimates 
of the Current Employment Statistics (CES) survey. A ratio of CES to JOLTS employment is used to adjust the 
levels for all other JOLTS data elements.

Birth/death model.  The time lag from the start up, or birth, of an establishment until its appearance on the 
sampling frame is approximately one year. Also within the first year, new businesses may go out of business, 
referred to as a death. Because not all births and deaths of establishments can be reflected on the sampling frame 
immediately, the JOLTS sample cannot capture job openings, hires, and separations from them during their early 
existence. BLS has developed a birth/death model that uses establishment birth and death activity from previous 
years. The estimates of job openings, hires, and separations produced by the birth/death model are added to the 
sample-based estimates produced from the survey to arrive at the estimates for job openings, hires, and separations.

Alignment.  The JOLTS figure for hires minus separations can be used to derive a measure of net employment 
change. This change should be comparable to the net employment change from the much larger CES survey. 
However, definitional differences as well as sampling and non- sampling errors between the two surveys historically 
caused JOLTS to diverge from CES over time. To limit the divergence, and improve the quality of the JOLTS hires 
and separations series, BLS implemented the monthly alignment method. There are four steps to this method: 
seasonally adjust, align, back out the seasonal adjustment factors, and re-seasonally adjust.

Seasonal adjustment.  BLS uses X-13 ARIMA for seasonal adjustment. A concurrent seasonal adjustment 
methodology is used in which new seasonal adjustment factors are calculated each month, using all relevant data, up 
to and including current month data. JOLTS seasonal adjustment includes both additive and multiplicative models 
and REGARIMA (regression with auto-correlated errors) modeling to improve the seasonal adjustment factors at the 
beginning and end of the series and to detect and adjust for outliers in the series. The seasonally adjusted CES 
employment trends are applied to the seasonally adjusted JOLTS implied employment trends (hires minus 
separations) forcing them to be approximately the same, while preserving the seasonality of the JOLTS data. 

Annual estimates.  The JOLTS estimates are revised annually to reflect annual updates to the CES employment 
estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors. The JOLTS employment levels (not published) are ratio-
adjusted to the CES employment levels, and the resulting ratios are applied to all JOLTS data elements. The 
seasonally adjusted data are recalculated for the most recent 5 years in order to reflect updated seasonal adjustment 
factors. These annual updates result in revisions to both the seasonally adjusted and not seasonally adjusted JOLTS 
data series, for the period since the last benchmark was established.

Annual levels for hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total separations are the sum of the 
12 published monthly levels. Annual rates are computed by dividing the annual level by the Current Employment 
Statistics (CES) annual average employment level, and multiplying that quotient by 100. This figure will be 
approximately equal to the sum of the 12 monthly rates. Consistent with BLS practice, annual estimates are 
published only for not seasonally adjusted data and are released with the January news release each year. Annual 
estimates are not calculated for job openings because job openings are a stock, or point-in-time, measurement for the 
last business day of each month.

Reliability of the estimates

JOLTS estimates are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. Nonsampling error occurs when a sample 
is surveyed rather than the entire population. There is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the true 
population values they represent. The difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the particular sample 
selected. This variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. BLS analysis is generally conducted at 
the 90-percent level of confidence. That means that there is a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that an 
estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value because of 
sampling error. Sampling error estimates are available at www.bls.gov/jlt/jolts_median_standard_errors.htm.

The JOLTS estimates also are affected by nonsampling error. Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons 
including: the failure to include a segment of the population; the inability to obtain data from all units in the sample; 
the inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide data on a timely basis; mistakes made by respondents; errors 
made in the collection or processing of the data; and errors from the employment benchmark data used in estimation.
Other information

Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 
(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.

Table 1. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Mar. 2020	Nov. 2020	Dec. 2020	Jan. 2021	Feb. 2021	Mar. 2021(p)	Mar. 2020	Nov. 2020	Dec. 2020	Jan. 2021	Feb. 2021	Mar. 2021(p)
Total	5,769	6,766	6,752	7,099	7,526	8,123	3.7	4.5	4.5	4.7	5.0	5.3
INDUSTRY
Total private	5,061	6,078	6,094	6,380	6,868	7,290	3.8	4.8	4.8	5.0	5.3	5.6
Mining and logging	16	16	21	24	20	31	2.4	2.7	3.4	3.9	3.3	4.8
Construction	228	261	267	300	272	344	2.9	3.4	3.5	3.9	3.6	4.4
Manufacturing	302	514	479	537	572	706	2.3	4.0	3.8	4.2	4.5	5.4
Durable goods	170	250	271	308	298	365	2.1	3.2	3.4	3.9	3.8	4.6
Nondurable goods	132	263	209	228	273	341	2.7	5.4	4.3	4.7	5.6	6.8
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,050	1,204	1,215	1,308	1,396	1,475	3.6	4.3	4.3	4.6	4.9	5.1
Wholesale trade	150	175	173	192	216	249	2.5	3.0	3.0	3.3	3.7	4.2
Retail trade	571	720	764	793	819	878	3.6	4.5	4.8	5.0	5.1	5.5
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	330	310	277	323	361	348	4.9	4.7	4.3	5.0	5.5	5.2
Information	122	98	109	129	109	106	4.0	3.6	3.9	4.6	3.9	3.8
Financial activities	352	287	295	306	303	354	3.8	3.2	3.3	3.4	3.3	3.9
Finance and insurance	261	216	231	226	229	267	3.9	3.2	3.4	3.3	3.4	3.9
Real estate and rental and leasing	91	70	65	80	74	87	3.8	3.1	2.8	3.5	3.2	3.7
Professional and business services	1,042	1,261	1,478	1,404	1,373	1,374	4.7	5.8	6.7	6.4	6.2	6.2
Education and health services	1,143	1,335	1,277	1,368	1,592	1,425	4.5	5.4	5.2	5.6	6.4	5.7
Educational services	101	101	90	148	105	157	2.7	2.9	2.6	4.2	3.0	4.3
Health care and social assistance	1,041	1,234	1,187	1,220	1,486	1,268	4.8	5.8	5.6	5.8	7.0	6.0
Leisure and hospitality	648	859	747	738	942	1,209	3.9	5.9	5.4	5.3	6.5	8.1
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	129	110	62	81	134	215	5.1	5.7	3.5	4.5	7.2	10.7
Accommodation and food services	519	749	685	657	808	993	3.6	6.0	5.7	5.4	6.4	7.7
Other services	158	243	205	265	289	266	2.6	4.2	3.6	4.6	5.0	4.6
Government	708	688	659	719	658	833	3.0	3.1	3.0	3.2	3.0	3.7
Federal	123	103	98	79	88	108	4.1	3.5	3.3	2.7	3.0	3.6
State and local	585	584	561	641	570	725	2.9	3.0	2.9	3.3	3.0	3.7
State and local education	209	207	217	294	175	330	1.9	2.1	2.2	2.9	1.8	3.3
State and local, excluding education	377	377	344	347	395	395	3.9	4.0	3.7	3.7	4.2	4.2
REGION(3)
Northeast	1,006	1,166	1,142	1,165	1,294	1,488	3.5	4.3	4.2	4.3	4.7	5.4
South	2,189	2,623	2,645	2,831	2,972	3,068	3.8	4.8	4.8	5.1	5.3	5.5
Midwest	1,205	1,455	1,465	1,520	1,593	1,772	3.6	4.5	4.5	4.7	4.9	5.4
West	1,370	1,522	1,501	1,583	1,667	1,795	3.7	4.4	4.3	4.5	4.7	5.1
Footnotes (1) Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. (2) The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 2. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Mar. 2020	Nov. 2020	Dec. 2020	Jan. 2021	Feb. 2021	Mar. 2021(p)	Mar. 2020	Nov. 2020	Dec. 2020	Jan. 2021	Feb. 2021	Mar. 2021(p)
Total	5,132	6,019	5,411	5,465	5,794	6,009	3.4	4.2	3.8	3.8	4.0	4.2
INDUSTRY
Total private	4,751	5,649	5,072	5,102	5,490	5,632	3.7	4.7	4.2	4.2	4.5	4.6
Mining and logging	23	25	24	17	19	36	3.4	4.2	4.0	2.9	3.2	5.9
Construction	403	389	399	346	399	445	5.3	5.3	5.4	4.7	5.4	6.0
Manufacturing	313	405	398	351	393	425	2.5	3.3	3.3	2.9	3.2	3.5
Durable goods	176	230	224	192	218	247	2.2	3.0	2.9	2.5	2.9	3.2
Nondurable goods	136	176	174	159	175	178	2.9	3.8	3.8	3.4	3.8	3.8
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,116	1,285	1,199	1,183	1,118	1,151	4.0	4.8	4.4	4.4	4.1	4.2
Wholesale trade	136	150	160	152	139	155	2.3	2.7	2.9	2.7	2.5	2.7
Retail trade	734	713	814	778	734	753	4.7	4.7	5.3	5.1	4.8	4.9
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	246	421	225	254	245	243	3.9	6.7	3.6	4.1	3.9	3.9
Information	69	81	72	77	88	82	2.4	3.1	2.7	2.9	3.3	3.1
Financial activities	230	217	212	202	199	213	2.6	2.5	2.4	2.3	2.3	2.4
Finance and insurance	153	143	134	126	131	133	2.4	2.2	2.0	1.9	2.0	2.0
Real estate and rental and leasing	76	73	78	76	68	80	3.3	3.3	3.5	3.4	3.0	3.6
Professional and business services	1,116	1,220	1,121	1,078	1,129	1,127	5.2	6.0	5.5	5.2	5.5	5.4
Education and health services	648	725	700	708	703	738	2.7	3.1	3.0	3.0	3.0	3.2
Educational services	93	90	67	110	86	117	2.5	2.7	2.0	3.3	2.5	3.4
Health care and social assistance	554	635	633	598	617	621	2.7	3.2	3.2	3.0	3.1	3.1
Leisure and hospitality	677	1,097	758	928	1,194	1,188	4.2	8.1	5.8	7.1	8.8	8.6
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	119	138	60	120	135	147	4.9	7.6	3.5	7.1	7.8	8.2
Accommodation and food services	558	959	698	808	1,059	1,041	4.1	8.1	6.1	7.1	9.0	8.7
Other services	157	206	187	212	248	227	2.7	3.8	3.4	3.9	4.5	4.1
Government	381	370	339	363	304	377	1.7	1.7	1.6	1.7	1.4	1.7
Federal	58	68	47	32	37	36	2.0	2.4	1.6	1.1	1.3	1.3
State and local	324	302	292	331	267	340	1.6	1.6	1.6	1.8	1.4	1.8
State and local education	167	140	145	193	121	183	1.6	1.5	1.5	2.0	1.3	1.9
State and local, excluding education	156	163	147	137	146	157	1.7	1.8	1.6	1.5	1.6	1.8
REGION(3)
Northeast	839	937	867	867	967	988	3.1	3.6	3.3	3.3	3.7	3.8
South	1,988	2,458	2,156	2,054	2,184	2,322	3.6	4.7	4.1	3.9	4.2	4.4
Midwest	1,072	1,316	1,203	1,241	1,322	1,293	3.3	4.3	3.9	4.0	4.3	4.1
West	1,234	1,309	1,184	1,303	1,321	1,407	3.5	3.9	3.5	3.9	3.9	4.2
Footnotes (1) Hires are the number of hires during the entire month. (2) The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 3. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Mar. 2020	Nov. 2020	Dec. 2020	Jan. 2021	Feb. 2021	Mar. 2021(p)	Mar. 2020	Nov. 2020	Dec. 2020	Jan. 2021	Feb. 2021	Mar. 2021(p)
Total	16,308	5,744	5,582	5,323	5,429	5,322	10.8	4.0	3.9	3.7	3.8	3.7
INDUSTRY
Total private	15,763	5,305	5,236	5,007	5,078	4,998	12.3	4.4	4.3	4.1	4.2	4.1
Mining and logging	45	20	19	17	22	12	6.7	3.3	3.1	2.8	3.7	2.0
Construction	784	362	352	338	426	344	10.4	4.9	4.8	4.6	5.8	4.6
Manufacturing	891	367	387	362	369	387	7.0	3.0	3.2	3.0	3.0	3.2
Durable goods	532	206	213	205	200	221	6.7	2.7	2.8	2.7	2.6	2.9
Nondurable goods	358	161	173	158	169	166	7.5	3.5	3.7	3.4	3.7	3.6
Trade, transportation, and utilities	2,771	1,123	1,123	1,197	1,118	1,091	10.0	4.2	4.1	4.4	4.1	4.0
Wholesale trade	335	143	151	136	139	147	5.7	2.5	2.7	2.4	2.5	2.6
Retail trade	1,834	735	737	718	746	728	11.8	4.9	4.8	4.7	4.9	4.8
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	602	245	235	343	233	216	9.5	3.9	3.8	5.5	3.7	3.4
Information	246	79	74	66	79	87	8.5	3.0	2.8	2.5	2.9	3.2
Financial activities	383	199	182	206	201	207	4.3	2.3	2.1	2.4	2.3	2.4
Finance and insurance	179	133	113	135	132	136	2.8	2.0	1.7	2.1	2.0	2.1
Real estate and rental and leasing	203	66	69	72	69	71	8.7	3.0	3.1	3.2	3.1	3.2
Professional and business services	1,931	1,123	1,007	1,003	1,062	1,050	9.1	5.5	4.9	4.9	5.1	5.1
Education and health services	2,035	690	681	681	670	669	8.4	3.0	2.9	2.9	2.9	2.9
Educational services	371	89	102	48	80	78	10.0	2.6	3.1	1.4	2.4	2.3
Health care and social assistance	1,663	600	579	632	590	591	8.1	3.0	2.9	3.2	3.0	3.0
Leisure and hospitality	5,713	1,134	1,221	933	904	947	35.4	8.3	9.3	7.1	6.7	6.9
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	665	102	173	136	126	120	27.7	5.6	10.1	8.0	7.3	6.7
Accommodation and food services	5,048	1,032	1,049	797	778	827	36.8	8.7	9.2	7.0	6.6	6.9
Other services	965	209	190	203	225	203	16.5	3.8	3.5	3.7	4.1	3.7
Government	545	439	346	316	351	324	2.4	2.0	1.6	1.5	1.6	1.5
Federal	42	134	50	59	40	37	1.5	4.6	1.7	2.0	1.4	1.3
State and local	503	305	296	257	311	287	2.5	1.6	1.6	1.4	1.7	1.5
State and local education	294	150	141	105	162	137	2.8	1.6	1.5	1.1	1.7	1.4
State and local, excluding education	208	155	155	152	149	150	2.2	1.7	1.7	1.7	1.7	1.7
REGION(3)
Northeast	3,256	904	858	794	836	809	11.8	3.5	3.3	3.1	3.2	3.1
South	5,404	2,176	2,186	2,128	2,154	2,140	9.8	4.2	4.2	4.1	4.1	4.0
Midwest	3,809	1,308	1,166	1,111	1,200	1,199	11.7	4.2	3.8	3.6	3.9	3.8
West	3,839	1,355	1,372	1,290	1,240	1,175	10.9	4.1	4.1	3.9	3.7	3.5
Footnotes (1) Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month. (2) The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 4. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Mar. 2020	Nov. 2020	Dec. 2020	Jan. 2021	Feb. 2021	Mar. 2021(p)	Mar. 2020	Nov. 2020	Dec. 2020	Jan. 2021	Feb. 2021	Mar. 2021(p)
Total	2,902	3,296	3,407	3,306	3,383	3,508	1.9	2.3	2.4	2.3	2.4	2.4
INDUSTRY
Total private	2,677	3,113	3,224	3,140	3,184	3,331	2.1	2.6	2.7	2.6	2.6	2.7
Mining and logging	9	12	9	8	12	9	1.3	2.0	1.6	1.3	2.1	1.5
Construction	135	163	161	139	168	184	1.8	2.2	2.2	1.9	2.3	2.5
Manufacturing	155	235	240	251	258	263	1.2	1.9	2.0	2.1	2.1	2.1
Durable goods	83	129	135	142	140	150	1.0	1.7	1.8	1.9	1.8	2.0
Nondurable goods	72	106	105	109	118	112	1.5	2.3	2.3	2.4	2.5	2.4
Trade, transportation, and utilities	618	752	816	755	753	776	2.2	2.8	3.0	2.8	2.8	2.9
Wholesale trade	95	75	97	71	82	93	1.6	1.3	1.7	1.3	1.4	1.6
Retail trade	389	540	549	539	542	545	2.5	3.6	3.6	3.5	3.6	3.6
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	135	137	170	145	129	138	2.1	2.2	2.7	2.3	2.1	2.2
Information	42	40	39	37	40	56	1.5	1.5	1.5	1.4	1.5	2.1
Financial activities	109	124	108	148	132	125	1.2	1.4	1.2	1.7	1.5	1.4
Finance and insurance	75	82	69	106	85	78	1.2	1.3	1.1	1.6	1.3	1.2
Real estate and rental and leasing	34	42	38	42	47	46	1.4	1.9	1.7	1.9	2.1	2.1
Professional and business services	583	592	581	580	604	604	2.7	2.9	2.8	2.8	2.9	2.9
Education and health services	452	446	471	469	458	490	1.9	1.9	2.0	2.0	2.0	2.1
Educational services	47	46	52	25	44	44	1.3	1.4	1.6	0.7	1.3	1.3
Health care and social assistance	405	400	419	443	413	447	2.0	2.0	2.1	2.2	2.1	2.2
Leisure and hospitality	515	622	687	641	625	690	3.2	4.6	5.2	4.9	4.6	5.0
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	45	56	71	64	51	53	1.9	3.1	4.2	3.8	3.0	3.0
Accommodation and food services	470	566	616	577	574	637	3.4	4.8	5.4	5.1	4.9	5.3
Other services	59	126	113	114	134	134	1.0	2.3	2.1	2.1	2.4	2.4
Government	225	183	183	166	199	177	1.0	0.9	0.9	0.8	0.9	0.8
Federal	20	24	21	26	19	17	0.7	0.8	0.7	0.9	0.6	0.6
State and local	206	159	162	140	181	160	1.0	0.9	0.9	0.7	1.0	0.9
State and local education	121	81	81	62	98	79	1.1	0.8	0.8	0.6	1.0	0.8
State and local, excluding education	84	78	81	78	83	81	0.9	0.9	0.9	0.9	0.9	0.9
REGION(3)
Northeast	409	466	436	432	456	480	1.5	1.8	1.7	1.7	1.7	1.8
South	1,156	1,445	1,465	1,427	1,406	1,477	2.1	2.8	2.8	2.7	2.7	2.8
Midwest	661	709	761	727	749	768	2.0	2.3	2.5	2.4	2.4	2.5
West	676	676	746	719	772	782	1.9	2.0	2.2	2.2	2.3	2.3
Footnotes (1) Quits are the number of quits during the entire month. (2) The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Mar. 2020	Nov. 2020	Dec. 2020	Jan. 2021	Feb. 2021	Mar. 2021(p)	Mar. 2020	Nov. 2020	Dec. 2020	Jan. 2021	Feb. 2021	Mar. 2021(p)
Total	13,046	2,123	1,823	1,724	1,723	1,480	8.6	1.5	1.3	1.2	1.2	1.0
INDUSTRY
Total private	12,801	1,930	1,734	1,634	1,636	1,394	10.0	1.6	1.4	1.3	1.3	1.1
Mining and logging	35	7	9	7	8	3	5.2	1.2	1.5	1.2	1.4	0.4
Construction	631	189	183	187	243	150	8.3	2.6	2.5	2.5	3.3	2.0
Manufacturing	713	110	120	90	86	104	5.6	0.9	1.0	0.7	0.7	0.8
Durable goods	436	62	64	48	45	56	5.5	0.8	0.8	0.6	0.6	0.7
Nondurable goods	277	47	56	42	41	47	5.8	1.0	1.2	0.9	0.9	1.0
Trade, transportation, and utilities	2,088	327	243	414	319	261	7.5	1.2	0.9	1.5	1.2	1.0
Wholesale trade	236	61	40	61	46	44	4.0	1.1	0.7	1.1	0.8	0.8
Retail trade	1,409	174	156	164	182	146	9.1	1.1	1.0	1.1	1.2	1.0
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	443	92	46	189	91	71	7.0	1.5	0.7	3.0	1.5	1.1
Information	196	33	30	22	27	25	6.8	1.3	1.1	0.8	1.0	0.9
Financial activities	247	54	50	32	53	68	2.8	0.6	0.6	0.4	0.6	0.8
Finance and insurance	83	36	23	13	32	44	1.3	0.5	0.3	0.2	0.5	0.7
Real estate and rental and leasing	164	18	27	19	21	24	7.0	0.8	1.2	0.9	1.0	1.1
Professional and business services	1,278	449	359	372	398	357	6.0	2.2	1.7	1.8	1.9	1.7
Education and health services	1,540	203	168	160	173	140	6.3	0.9	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.6
Educational services	320	38	41	21	31	29	8.7	1.1	1.2	0.6	0.9	0.8
Health care and social assistance	1,220	165	126	139	142	111	5.9	0.8	0.6	0.7	0.7	0.6
Leisure and hospitality	5,178	485	506	267	248	225	32.1	3.6	3.9	2.0	1.8	1.6
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	618	44	98	70	72	65	25.7	2.4	5.7	4.1	4.2	3.6
Accommodation and food services	4,560	441	409	197	176	160	33.2	3.7	3.6	1.7	1.5	1.3
Other services	895	72	66	84	81	62	15.3	1.3	1.2	1.5	1.5	1.1
Government	244	194	89	89	86	86	1.1	0.9	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4
Federal	11	98	12	18	11	9	0.4	3.4	0.4	0.6	0.4	0.3
State and local	233	95	77	71	75	78	1.2	0.5	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4
State and local education	137	41	31	24	36	37	1.3	0.4	0.3	0.2	0.4	0.4
State and local, excluding education	96	54	46	47	39	40	1.0	0.6	0.5	0.5	0.4	0.4
REGION(3)
Northeast	2,794	382	356	309	323	266	10.2	1.5	1.4	1.2	1.2	1.0
South	4,129	636	576	598	619	532	7.5	1.2	1.1	1.1	1.2	1.0
Midwest	3,063	527	338	328	382	361	9.4	1.7	1.1	1.1	1.2	1.2
West	3,060	578	554	488	399	322	8.7	1.7	1.7	1.5	1.2	1.0
Footnotes (1) Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month. (2) The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 6. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Mar. 2020	Nov. 2020	Dec. 2020	Jan. 2021	Feb. 2021	Mar. 2021(p)	Mar. 2020	Nov. 2020	Dec. 2020	Jan. 2021	Feb. 2021	Mar. 2021(p)
Total	360	325	352	294	323	334	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
INDUSTRY
Total private	285	262	278	233	257	273	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mining and logging	1	1	1	2	1	1	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.4	0.2	0.1
Construction	18	10	7	13	15	10	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.1
Manufacturing	23	22	27	22	26	21	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
Durable goods	14	15	14	15	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nondurable goods	9	8	12	7	11	6	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.1
Trade, transportation, and utilities	65	44	64	28	46	55	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.2
Wholesale trade	4	6	13	4	11	11	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.2
Retail trade	36	22	32	15	23	37	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.2
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	25	16	19	10	13	7	0.4	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.1
Information	8	5	4	7	12	5	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.4	0.2
Financial activities	26	21	24	27	17	14	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.2
Finance and insurance	21	16	21	16	15	14	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.2
Real estate and rental and leasing	5	5	3	10	1	1	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.5	0.1	0.0
Professional and business services	70	82	67	51	60	89	0.3	0.4	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.4
Education and health services	43	41	43	52	40	39	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
Educational services	4	5	9	2	5	6	0.1	0.2	0.3	0.1	0.1	0.2
Health care and social assistance	38	36	34	50	35	34	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.2
Leisure and hospitality	20	26	28	25	31	32	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	2	2	3	2	3	2	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.1
Accommodation and food services	18	25	24	23	28	30	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other services	11	10	12	6	10	8	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.1
Government	75	63	74	61	66	61	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3
Federal	12	12	17	15	11	12	0.4	0.4	0.6	0.5	0.4	0.4
State and local	64	51	57	46	55	49	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.3
State and local education	36	29	29	19	27	21	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.2
State and local, excluding education	28	22	28	27	28	28	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3
REGION(3)
Northeast	53	56	66	53	56	63	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2
South	119	95	146	103	129	131	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2
Midwest	85	72	67	55	69	70	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
West	104	101	72	83	69	71	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
Footnotes (1) Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month. (2) The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.

Table 7. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Mar. 2020	Feb. 2021	Mar. 2021(p)	Mar. 2020	Feb. 2021	Mar. 2021(p)
Total	5,734	7,272	8,237	3.7	4.9	5.4
INDUSTRY
Total private	5,019	6,645	7,368	3.8	5.2	5.7
Mining and logging	15	18	31	2.2	3.0	4.8
Construction	238	242	369	3.2	3.3	4.9
Manufacturing	302	561	708	2.3	4.4	5.5
Durable goods	169	286	367	2.1	3.6	4.6
Nondurable goods	134	275	341	2.8	5.6	6.8
Trade, transportation, and utilities	980	1,296	1,450	3.5	4.6	5.1
Wholesale trade	145	221	249	2.4	3.8	4.2
Retail trade	496	719	838	3.1	4.6	5.3
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	339	356	364	5.1	5.4	5.5
Information	117	104	98	3.9	3.8	3.6
Financial activities	334	282	348	3.7	3.1	3.8
Finance and insurance	247	219	262	3.7	3.2	3.9
Real estate and rental and leasing	87	63	86	3.6	2.8	3.8
Professional and business services	1,053	1,352	1,400	4.8	6.2	6.4
Education and health services	1,125	1,552	1,432	4.4	6.2	5.7
Educational services	96	105	152	2.4	2.9	4.0
Health care and social assistance	1,029	1,447	1,280	4.8	6.8	6.0
Leisure and hospitality	684	956	1,254	4.2	6.8	8.5
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	142	151	231	5.9	8.7	12.1
Accommodation and food services	542	804	1,023	3.9	6.6	8.0
Other services	172	282	277	2.9	4.9	4.8
Government	714	627	869	3.0	2.8	3.8
Federal	132	93	120	4.4	3.1	4.0
State and local	583	535	749	2.8	2.8	3.8
State and local education	200	133	345	1.8	1.3	3.3
State and local, excluding education	383	401	404	4.0	4.3	4.4
REGION(3)
Northeast	1,001	1,231	1,489	3.5	4.5	5.4
South	2,175	2,906	3,113	3.8	5.3	5.6
Midwest	1,218	1,543	1,801	3.6	4.8	5.5
West	1,340	1,593	1,835	3.7	4.6	5.2
Footnotes (1) Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. (2) The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 8. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Mar. 2020	Feb. 2021	Mar. 2021(p)	Mar. 2020	Feb. 2021	Mar. 2021(p)
Total	4,728	4,804	5,624	3.2	3.4	3.9
INDUSTRY
Total private	4,433	4,593	5,325	3.5	3.8	4.4
Mining and logging	24	15	37	3.6	2.6	6.1
Construction	384	326	430	5.3	4.7	6.0
Manufacturing	292	357	410	2.3	2.9	3.3
Durable goods	167	198	240	2.1	2.6	3.1
Nondurable goods	126	159	170	2.7	3.4	3.7
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,032	876	1,051	3.8	3.3	3.9
Wholesale trade	139	121	159	2.4	2.2	2.8
Retail trade	704	571	713	4.6	3.8	4.7
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	190	184	179	3.0	3.0	2.9
Information	61	78	73	2.1	2.9	2.7
Financial activities	213	162	193	2.4	1.9	2.2
Finance and insurance	144	114	121	2.2	1.7	1.9
Real estate and rental and leasing	69	48	72	3.0	2.2	3.3
Professional and business services	1,054	998	1,066	5.0	4.9	5.2
Education and health services	589	597	681	2.4	2.6	2.9
Educational services	55	61	81	1.4	1.7	2.2
Health care and social assistance	534	536	600	2.6	2.7	3.0
Leisure and hospitality	660	983	1,186	4.2	7.5	8.8
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	120	88	165	5.3	5.6	9.9
Accommodation and food services	540	894	1,020	4.0	7.8	8.6
Other services	125	202	199	2.2	3.7	3.6
Government	295	210	299	1.3	1.0	1.4
Federal	57	30	34	2.0	1.0	1.2
State and local	238	181	265	1.2	1.0	1.4
State and local education	105	73	125	1.0	0.7	1.2
State and local, excluding education	133	108	140	1.4	1.2	1.6
REGION(3)
Northeast	749	746	915	2.7	2.9	3.5
South	1,854	1,875	2,190	3.4	3.6	4.2
Midwest	1,019	1,091	1,230	3.1	3.5	4.0
West	1,106	1,092	1,289	3.2	3.3	3.8
Footnotes (1) Hires are the number of hires during the entire month. (2) The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 9. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Mar. 2020	Feb. 2021	Mar. 2021(p)	Mar. 2020	Feb. 2021	Mar. 2021(p)
Total	15,654	4,400	4,628	10.4	3.1	3.2
INDUSTRY
Total private	15,209	4,169	4,424	12.0	3.5	3.6
Mining and logging	45	24	11	6.7	4.2	1.8
Construction	733	349	303	10.0	5.0	4.2
Manufacturing	880	328	382	6.9	2.7	3.1
Durable goods	525	175	219	6.6	2.3	2.9
Nondurable goods	355	153	162	7.5	3.3	3.5
Trade, transportation, and utilities	2,639	930	946	9.6	3.5	3.5
Wholesale trade	328	118	142	5.6	2.1	2.5
Retail trade	1,742	628	628	11.4	4.2	4.2
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	569	185	176	9.0	3.0	2.8
Information	238	65	77	8.2	2.4	2.9
Financial activities	363	170	181	4.1	1.9	2.1
Finance and insurance	170	116	122	2.6	1.8	1.9
Real estate and rental and leasing	192	53	59	8.3	2.4	2.7
Professional and business services	1,857	934	970	8.8	4.6	4.7
Education and health services	1,988	561	607	8.1	2.4	2.6
Educational services	337	44	39	8.7	1.2	1.1
Health care and social assistance	1,651	517	568	8.0	2.6	2.9
Leisure and hospitality	5,532	628	771	35.1	4.8	5.7
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	614	48	59	27.4	3.0	3.5
Accommodation and food services	4,918	580	712	36.4	5.1	6.0
Other services	935	181	175	16.1	3.3	3.2
Government	445	231	204	1.9	1.1	0.9
Federal	40	33	31	1.4	1.2	1.1
State and local	405	198	172	2.0	1.0	0.9
State and local education	222	89	46	2.0	0.9	0.4
State and local, excluding education	184	109	126	2.0	1.2	1.4
REGION(3)
Northeast	3,108	616	650	11.4	2.4	2.5
South	5,200	1,808	1,925	9.4	3.5	3.7
Midwest	3,657	990	1,040	11.3	3.2	3.3
West	3,689	987	1,013	10.5	3.0	3.0
Footnotes (1) Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month. (2) The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 10. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Mar. 2020	Feb. 2021	Mar. 2021(p)	Mar. 2020	Feb. 2021	Mar. 2021(p)
Total	2,612	2,776	3,257	1.7	2.0	2.3
INDUSTRY
Total private	2,423	2,627	3,132	1.9	2.2	2.6
Mining and logging	7	11	8	1.1	2.0	1.3
Construction	106	138	171	1.5	2.0	2.4
Manufacturing	153	232	267	1.2	1.9	2.2
Durable goods	81	124	154	1.0	1.6	2.0
Nondurable goods	72	107	112	1.5	2.3	2.4
Trade, transportation, and utilities	574	625	732	2.1	2.3	2.7
Wholesale trade	95	64	95	1.6	1.1	1.7
Retail trade	349	448	507	2.3	3.0	3.4
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	129	113	129	2.1	1.8	2.1
Information	36	32	52	1.3	1.2	1.9
Financial activities	95	112	109	1.1	1.3	1.2
Finance and insurance	67	74	67	1.0	1.1	1.0
Real estate and rental and leasing	28	38	42	1.2	1.7	1.9
Professional and business services	547	519	567	2.6	2.5	2.8
Education and health services	427	391	466	1.7	1.7	2.0
Educational services	31	29	26	0.8	0.8	0.7
Health care and social assistance	395	362	440	1.9	1.8	2.2
Leisure and hospitality	424	464	625	2.7	3.6	4.6
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	34	30	39	1.5	1.9	2.4
Accommodation and food services	390	434	585	2.9	3.8	5.0
Other services	54	101	137	0.9	1.9	2.5
Government	189	148	125	0.8	0.7	0.6
Federal	19	16	16	0.7	0.6	0.5
State and local	170	133	110	0.8	0.7	0.6
State and local education	88	65	30	0.8	0.6	0.3
State and local, excluding education	82	68	79	0.9	0.8	0.9
REGION(3)
Northeast	348	354	441	1.3	1.4	1.7
South	1,064	1,185	1,391	1.9	2.3	2.6
Midwest	601	623	713	1.9	2.0	2.3
West	600	614	712	1.7	1.9	2.1
Footnotes (1) Quits are the number of quits during the entire month. (2) The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 11. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Mar. 2020	Feb. 2021	Mar. 2021(p)	Mar. 2020	Feb. 2021	Mar. 2021(p)
Total	12,704	1,346	1,065	8.5	0.9	0.7
INDUSTRY
Total private	12,511	1,308	1,032	9.9	1.1	0.8
Mining and logging	36	11	3	5.4	2.0	0.5
Construction	604	200	120	8.3	2.9	1.7
Manufacturing	703	73	93	5.5	0.6	0.8
Durable goods	431	38	50	5.4	0.5	0.7
Nondurable goods	272	36	43	5.8	0.8	0.9
Trade, transportation, and utilities	2,008	263	166	7.3	1.0	0.6
Wholesale trade	229	45	37	3.9	0.8	0.7
Retail trade	1,364	158	91	8.9	1.1	0.6
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	414	61	39	6.6	1.0	0.6
Information	193	21	21	6.7	0.8	0.8
Financial activities	240	45	60	2.7	0.5	0.7
Finance and insurance	82	31	43	1.3	0.5	0.7
Real estate and rental and leasing	157	14	17	6.8	0.7	0.7
Professional and business services	1,239	357	311	5.9	1.7	1.5
Education and health services	1,523	130	108	6.2	0.6	0.5
Educational services	304	11	10	7.9	0.3	0.3
Health care and social assistance	1,220	118	99	5.9	0.6	0.5
Leisure and hospitality	5,094	137	119	32.4	1.1	0.9
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	579	15	18	25.8	1.0	1.1
Accommodation and food services	4,515	122	101	33.4	1.1	0.9
Other services	872	69	31	15.0	1.3	0.6
Government	193	38	33	0.8	0.2	0.2
Federal	10	9	6	0.4	0.3	0.2
State and local	183	29	27	0.9	0.2	0.1
State and local education	108	12	8	1.0	0.1	0.1
State and local, excluding education	75	17	19	0.8	0.2	0.2
REGION(3)
Northeast	2,710	218	154	9.9	0.8	0.6
South	4,035	503	422	7.3	1.0	0.8
Midwest	2,977	312	262	9.2	1.0	0.8
West	2,982	314	227	8.5	0.9	0.7
Footnotes (1) Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month. (2) The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 12. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Mar. 2020	Feb. 2021	Mar. 2021(p)	Mar. 2020	Feb. 2021	Mar. 2021(p)
Total	338	278	305	0.2	0.2	0.2
INDUSTRY
Total private	276	233	260	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mining and logging	1	1	0	0.2	0.2	0.1
Construction	23	10	13	0.3	0.1	0.2
Manufacturing	24	23	22	0.2	0.2	0.2
Durable goods	13	13	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nondurable goods	11	10	8	0.2	0.2	0.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	58	41	48	0.2	0.2	0.2
Wholesale trade	4	9	11	0.1	0.2	0.2
Retail trade	28	22	30	0.2	0.1	0.2
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	26	11	8	0.4	0.2	0.1
Information	8	11	5	0.3	0.4	0.2
Financial activities	28	13	12	0.3	0.1	0.1
Finance and insurance	21	12	12	0.3	0.2	0.2
Real estate and rental and leasing	7	1	1	0.3	0.0	0.0
Professional and business services	70	57	92	0.3	0.3	0.4
Education and health services	38	40	33	0.2	0.2	0.1
Educational services	2	3	3	0.1	0.1	0.1
Health care and social assistance	36	37	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Leisure and hospitality	15	26	28	0.1	0.2	0.2
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	1	2	2	0.1	0.1	0.1
Accommodation and food services	13	24	26	0.1	0.2	0.2
Other services	10	10	7	0.2	0.2	0.1
Government	62	45	45	0.3	0.2	0.2
Federal	10	9	10	0.4	0.3	0.3
State and local	52	36	35	0.3	0.2	0.2
State and local education	25	13	8	0.2	0.1	0.1
State and local, excluding education	27	24	28	0.3	0.3	0.3
REGION(3)
Northeast	45	45	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
South	105	120	112	0.2	0.2	0.2
Midwest	80	55	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
West	108	59	73	0.3	0.2	0.2
Footnotes (1) Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month. (2) The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.