For release 10:00 a.m. (EDT) Friday, May 15, 2020	USDL-20-0923

Technical information:  (202) 691-5870  •  JoltsInfo@bls.gov  •  www.bls.gov/jlt
Media contact:          (202) 691-5902  •  PressOffice@bls.gov

                               JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – MARCH 2020

The number of total separations increased by 8.9 million to a series high of 14.5 million in March, the 
U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Within separations, the quits rate fell to 1.8 percent and 
the layoffs and discharges rate increased to 7.5 percent. Job openings decreased to 6.2 million on the last 
business day of March. Over the month, hires declined to 5.2 million. The changes in these measures 
reflect the effects of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic and efforts to contain it. This release 
includes estimates of the number and rate of job openings, hires, and separations for the total nonfarm 
sector, by industry, and by four geographic regions.

Job Openings

On the last business day of March, the number and rate of job openings declined to 6.2 million
(-813,000) and 3.9 percent, respectively. Job openings fell in total private (-774,000), with the largest 
declines in accommodation and food services (-258,000) and durable goods manufacturing (-82,000). 
The number of job openings decreased in the South, Midwest, and West regions. (See table 1.)
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________
|	              Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic Impact on March 2020 JOLTS Data			 |
|													 |
|Data collection for the JOLTS survey was affected by the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. More 	 |
|information is available at the end of this news release and                                            |
|[https://www.bls.gov/bls/job-openings-and-labor-turnover-covid19-march-2020.htm].	                 |
|________________________________________________________________________________________________________|

Hires

In March, the number and rate of hires decreased to 5.2 million (-658,000) and 3.4 percent, respectively. 
The hires level decreased for total private (-654,000) and was little changed for government. Hires 
decreased in accommodation and food services (-344,000), health care and social assistance (-87,000), 
and durable goods manufacturing (-33,000). Hires increased in federal government (+8,000). The 
number of hires decreased in the Northeast, South, and West regions. (See table 2.)

Separations

Total separations includes quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Total separations is 
referred to as turnover. Quits are generally voluntary separations initiated by the employee. Therefore, 
the quits rate can serve as a measure of workers’ willingness or ability to leave jobs. Layoffs and 
discharges are involuntary separations initiated by the employer. Other separations includes separations 
due to retirement, death, disability, and transfers to other locations of the same firm.

In March, the number and rate of total separations increased to a series high of 14.5 million 
(+8,922,000) and 9.6 percent, respectively. The number of total separations increased for total private to 
14.1 million (+8,862,000) and for government to 411,000 (+60,000). Total separations increased in 
almost all industries, with the largest increases in accommodation and food services (+3,999,000) and 
other services (+839,000). The number of total separations increased in all four regions. (See table 3.)

In March, the number and rate of quits decreased to 2.8 million (-654,000) and 1.8 percent, respectively. 
Total private quits fell to 2.6 million (-640,000), while government edged down to 177,000 (-14,000). 
Quits decreased in a number of industries, with the largest decreases in accommodation and food 
services (-145,000) and retail trade (-137,000). The number of quits decreased in all four regions. (See 
table 4.)

The number and rate of layoffs and discharges increased in March to a series high of 11.4 million 
(+9,526,000) and 7.5 percent, respectively. The number of layoffs and discharges increased for total 
private to 11.2 million (+9,445,000) and for government to 175,000 (+80,000). The layoffs and 
discharges level increased significantly in all but one industry, with the largest increases in 
accommodation and food services (+4,136,000) and retail trade (+908,000). The number of layoffs and 
discharges increased in all four regions. (See table 5.)

The number of other separations edged up in March (+50,000). Other separations increased for total 
private (+57,000) and edged down for government (-7,000). The largest increase in other separations 
was in other services (+17,000). The number of other separations was little changed in all four regions. 
(See table 6.)

Net Change in Employment

Large numbers of hires and separations occur every month throughout the business cycle. Net 
employment change results from the relationship between hires and separations. When the number of 
hires exceeds the number of separations, employment rises, even if the hires level is steady or declining. 
Conversely, when the number of hires is less than the number of separations, employment declines, even 
if the hires level is steady or rising.

Over the 12 months ending in March, hires totaled 69.8 million and separations totaled 76.9 million, 
yielding a net employment loss of 7.1 million. These totals include workers who may have been hired 
and separated more than once during the year.
____________	
The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey estimates for April 2020 are scheduled to be 
released on Tuesday, June 9, 2020 at 10:00 a.m. (EDT).

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
|    Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic Impact on March 2020 Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey Data      |
|													   |
|Data collection for the JOLTS survey was affected by the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. While 41 percent|
|of data are usually collected by phone at the JOLTS data collection center, most phone respondents were   |
|asked to report electronically via our data collection website. However, data collection was adversely    |
|impacted due to the inability to reach some respondents that normally respond by phone. The JOLTS response|
|rate for March was 57 percent, while response rates prior to the pandemic averaged 67 percent.            |
|													   |
|BLS modified the JOLTS estimates for March to better reflect the impact of the coronavirus (COVID-19)     |
|pandemic. The estimation process usually includes an alignment of monthly hires minus separations to the  |
|over-the-month change in the Current Employment Statistics (CES) employment estimates. For March 	   |
|estimates, however, BLS suspended the alignment process because the differing reference periods for the   |
|CES employment estimates (pay period including the 12th of the month) and the JOLTS hires and separations |
|estimates (the entire reference month) led to substantially different measurement outcomes. The extremely |
|large increase in separations during the latter half of March were not included in the CES employment     |
|change for March, but were included in the JOLTS data for the month. For more information about the impact|
|of the COVID-19 pandemic on the JOLTS survey, including more information about the JOLTS estimation       |
|methodology, please see [www.bls.gov/bls/job-openings-and-labor-turnover-covid19-march-2020.htm].         |
|__________________________________________________________________________________________________________|

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
|                           Error in JOLTS federal government estimates                                     |
|                                                                                                           |
|BLS identified errors in the JOLTS federal government estimates for January 2020. These errors also affect |
|total nonfarm, government, and the regions. JOLTS has suppressed these data from the LABSTAT database.     |
|JOLTS plans to reissue the data, possibly with the release on July 7, 2020.                                |
|___________________________________________________________________________________________________________|

Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted

Category	Job openings			Hires			Total separations
	Mar. 2019	Feb. 2020	Mar. 2020(p)	Mar. 2019	Feb. 2020	Mar. 2020(p)	Mar. 2019	Feb. 2020	Mar. 2020(p)
LEVELS BY INDUSTRY (in thousands)
Total	7,364	7,004	6,191	5,689	5,864	5,206	5,553	5,595	14,517
Total private	6,625	6,236	5,462	5,337	5,489	4,835	5,212	5,244	14,106
Mining and logging(1)	30	26	14	35	25	20	35	20	44
Construction(1)	354	296	243	363	390	403	346	359	762
Manufacturing	441	422	320	352	334	299	364	318	732
Durable goods(1)	286	269	187	186	196	163	202	183	471
Nondurable goods(1)	155	153	132	165	138	136	162	135	261
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,298	1,168	1,092	1,080	1,221	1,171	1,106	1,221	2,327
Wholesale trade	217	183	164	128	153	130	136	155	320
Retail trade	749	715	706	715	812	806	735	812	1,592
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities(1)	332	270	222	238	256	235	236	254	415
Information(1)	146	132	126	99	96	83	94	87	113
Financial activities	362	400	337	194	243	221	171	210	347
Finance and insurance	244	306	265	135	161	156	118	150	172
Real estate and rental and leasing(1)	118	94	72	59	81	65	53	60	175
Professional and business services	1,355	1,357	1,226	1,168	1,104	1,084	1,153	1,073	1,573
Education and health services	1,378	1,252	1,228	740	762	678	702	699	1,695
Educational services(1)	108	121	111	91	95	98	90	93	322
Health care and social assistance	1,270	1,131	1,117	649	667	580	612	606	1,374
Leisure and hospitality	1,022	950	699	1,095	1,091	717	1,039	1,036	5,453
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	104	135	142	165	168	138	140	157	574
Accommodation and food services	918	815	557	931	923	579	900	880	4,879
Other services	239	232	176	210	224	159	201	220	1,059
Government	739	769	730	352	375	372	341	351	411
Federal(1)	136	119	125	39	51	59	38	41	40
State and local	604	649	605	313	324	313	303	311	371
State and local education	226	252	216	171	157	157	160	155	181
State and local, excluding education(1)	378	397	389	142	167	156	143	156	190
RATES BY INDUSTRY (percent)
Total	4.7	4.4	3.9	3.8	3.8	3.4	3.7	3.7	9.6
Total private	4.9	4.6	4.1	4.2	4.2	3.7	4.1	4.0	10.9
Mining and logging(1)	3.9	3.4	2.0	4.7	3.4	2.8	4.8	2.8	6.2
Construction(1)	4.5	3.7	3.1	4.9	5.1	5.3	4.6	4.7	10.0
Manufacturing	3.3	3.2	2.4	2.7	2.6	2.3	2.8	2.5	5.7
Durable goods(1)	3.4	3.2	2.3	2.3	2.4	2.0	2.5	2.3	5.8
Nondurable goods(1)	3.1	3.1	2.7	3.5	2.9	2.9	3.4	2.8	5.5
Trade, transportation, and utilities	4.5	4.0	3.8	3.9	4.4	4.2	4.0	4.4	8.4
Wholesale trade	3.6	3.0	2.7	2.2	2.6	2.2	2.3	2.6	5.4
Retail trade	4.6	4.4	4.3	4.6	5.2	5.2	4.7	5.2	10.2
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities(1)	5.1	4.2	3.4	3.9	4.1	3.8	3.8	4.1	6.7
Information(1)	4.9	4.4	4.2	3.5	3.3	2.9	3.3	3.0	3.9
Financial activities	4.0	4.3	3.7	2.2	2.7	2.5	2.0	2.4	3.9
Finance and insurance	3.7	4.5	3.9	2.1	2.5	2.4	1.8	2.3	2.7
Real estate and rental and leasing(1)	4.9	3.8	3.0	2.6	3.4	2.8	2.3	2.5	7.4
Professional and business services	6.0	5.9	5.4	5.5	5.1	5.0	5.4	5.0	7.3
Education and health services	5.4	4.8	4.8	3.1	3.1	2.8	2.9	2.8	6.9
Educational services(1)	2.8	3.1	2.8	2.4	2.5	2.6	2.4	2.4	8.4
Health care and social assistance	5.9	5.2	5.1	3.2	3.2	2.8	3.0	2.9	6.6
Leisure and hospitality	5.8	5.3	4.1	6.6	6.5	4.4	6.3	6.1	33.3
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	4.1	5.2	5.4	6.8	6.8	5.6	5.8	6.3	23.3
Accommodation and food services	6.1	5.4	3.8	6.6	6.4	4.2	6.4	6.1	35.0
Other services	3.9	3.8	2.9	3.6	3.8	2.7	3.4	3.7	17.9
Government	3.2	3.3	3.1	1.6	1.6	1.6	1.5	1.5	1.8
Federal(1)	4.6	4.0	4.2	1.4	1.8	2.0	1.4	1.4	1.4
State and local	3.0	3.2	3.0	1.6	1.6	1.6	1.5	1.6	1.9
State and local education	2.1	2.3	2.0	1.6	1.5	1.5	1.5	1.5	1.7
State and local, excluding education(1)	3.9	4.1	4.0	1.5	1.8	1.7	1.5	1.7	2.0
Footnotes (1) No regular seasonal movements could be identified in the job openings series, therefore, the seasonally adjusted and not seasonally adjusted data are identical. (p) Preliminary

Technical Note

This news release presents statistics from the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The JOLTS 
program provides information on labor demand and turnover. Additional information about the JOLTS program can 
be found at www.bls.gov/jlt/. Estimates are published for job openings, hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, 
other separations, and total separations. The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments, as well as 
federal, state, and local government entities in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Industries are classified in 
accordance with the North American Industry Classification System.

Definitions

Employment.  Employment includes persons on the payroll who worked or received pay for the pay period that 
includes the 12th day of the reference month. Full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term, seasonal, salaried, and 
hourly employees are included, as are employees on paid vacation or other paid leave. Proprietors or partners of 
unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, or employees on strike for the entire pay period, and employees 
on leave without pay for the entire pay period are not counted as employed. Employees of temporary help agencies, 
employee leasing companies, outside contractors, and consultants are counted by their employer of record, not by 
the establishment where they are working.

Job Openings.  Job openings include all positions that are open on the last business day of the reference month. 

A job is open only if it meets all three of these conditions: 
* A specific position exists and there is work available for that position. The position can be full-time or part-
time, and it can be permanent, short-term, or seasonal. 
* The job could start within 30 days, whether or not the employer can find a suitable candidate during that time. 
* The employer is actively recruiting workers from outside the establishment to fill the position. Active 
recruiting means that the establishment is taking steps to fill a position. It may include advertising in 
newspapers, on television, or on the radio; posting Internet notices, posting “help wanted” signs, 
networking or making “word-of-mouth” announcements; accepting applications; interviewing candidates; 
contacting employment agencies; or soliciting employees at job fairs, state or local employment offices, or 
similar sources.

Excluded are positions open only to internal transfers, promotions or demotions, or recall from layoffs. Also 
excluded are openings for positions with start dates more than 30 days in the future, positions for which employees 
have been hired but the employees have not yet reported for work, and positions to be filled by employees of 
temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The job openings rate is 
computed by dividing the number of job openings by the sum of employment and job openings and multiplying that 
quotient by 100.

Hires.  Hires include all additions to the payroll during the entire reference month, including newly hired and 
rehired employees; full-time and part-time employees; permanent, short-term, and seasonal employees; employees 
who were recalled to a job at the location following a layoff (formal suspension from pay status) lasting more than 7 
days; on-call or intermittent employees who returned to work after having been formally separated; workers who 
were hired and separated during the month, and transfers from other locations. Excluded are transfers or promotions 
within the reporting location, employees returning from strike, employees of temporary help agencies, employee 
leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The hires rate is computed by dividing the number of hires by 
employment and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Separations.  Separations include all separations from the payroll during the entire reference month and is 
reported by type of separation: quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Quits include employees who 
left voluntarily with the exception of retirements or transfers to other locations. Layoffs and discharges includes 
involuntary separations initiated by the employer including layoffs with no intent to rehire; layoffs (formal 
suspensions from pay status) lasting or expected to last more than 7 days; discharges resulting from mergers, 
downsizing, or closings; firings or other discharges for cause; terminations of permanent or short-term employees; 
and terminations of seasonal employees (whether or not they are expected to return the next season). Other 
separations include retirements, transfers to other locations, separations due to employee disability; and deaths. 
Excluded from separations are transfers within the same location; employees on strike; employees of temporary help 
agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The separations rate is computed by 
dividing the number of separations by employment and multiplying that quotient by 100. The quits, layoffs and 
discharges, and other separations rates are computed similarly.

Estimation Method

The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random sample of 20,700 nonfarm business and government 
establishments. The sample is stratified by ownership, region, industry sector, and establishment size class. The 
establishments are drawn from a universe of over 9.4 million establishments compiled by the Quarterly Census of 
Employment and Wages (QCEW) program which includes all employers subject to state unemployment insurance 
laws and federal agencies subject to the Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees program.

Employment estimates are benchmarked, or ratio adjusted, monthly to the strike-adjusted employment estimates 
of the Current Employment Statistics (CES) survey. A ratio of CES to JOLTS employment is used to adjust the 
levels for all other JOLTS data elements.

Birth/death model.  The time lag from the start up, or birth, of an establishment until its appearance on the 
sampling frame is approximately one year. Also within the first year, new businesses may go out of business, 
referred to as a death. Because not all births and deaths of establishments can be reflected on the sampling frame 
immediately, the JOLTS sample cannot capture job openings, hires, and separations from them during their early 
existence. BLS has developed a birth/death model that uses establishment birth and death activity from previous 
years. The estimates of job openings, hires, and separations produced by the birth/death model are added to the 
sample-based estimates produced from the survey to arrive at the estimates for job openings, hires, and separations.

Alignment.  The JOLTS figure for hires minus separations can be used to derive a measure of net employment 
change. This change should be comparable to the net employment change from the much larger CES survey. 
However, definitional differences as well as sampling and non- sampling errors between the two surveys historically 
caused JOLTS to diverge from CES over time. To limit the divergence, and improve the quality of the JOLTS hires 
and separations series, BLS implemented the monthly alignment method. There are four steps to this method: 
seasonally adjust, align, back out the seasonal adjustment factors, and re-seasonally adjust.

Seasonal adjustment.  BLS uses X-13 ARIMA for seasonal adjustment. A concurrent seasonal adjustment 
methodology is used in which new seasonal adjustment factors are calculated each month, using all relevant data, up 
to and including current month data. JOLTS seasonal adjustment includes both additive and multiplicative models 
and REGARIMA (regression with auto-correlated errors) modeling to improve the seasonal adjustment factors at the 
beginning and end of the series and to detect and adjust for outliers in the series. The seasonally adjusted CES 
employment trends are applied to the seasonally adjusted JOLTS implied employment trends (hires minus 
separations) forcing them to be approximately the same, while preserving the seasonality of the JOLTS data. 

Annual estimates.  The JOLTS estimates are revised annually to reflect annual updates to the CES employment 
estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors. The JOLTS employment levels (not published) are ratio-
adjusted to the CES employment levels, and the resulting ratios are applied to all JOLTS data elements. The 
seasonally adjusted data are recalculated for the most recent 5 years in order to reflect updated seasonal adjustment 
factors. These annual updates result in revisions to both the seasonally adjusted and not seasonally adjusted JOLTS 
data series, for the period since the last benchmark was established.

Annual levels for hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total separations are the sum of the 
12 published monthly levels. Annual rates are computed by dividing the annual level by the Current Employment 
Statistics (CES) annual average employment level, and multiplying that quotient by 100. This figure will be 
approximately equal to the sum of the 12 monthly rates. Consistent with BLS practice, annual estimates are 
published only for not seasonally adjusted data and are released with the January news release each year. Annual 
estimates are not calculated for job openings because job openings are a stock, or point-in-time, measurement for the 
last business day of each month.

Reliability of the estimates

JOLTS estimates are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. Nonsampling error occurs when a sample 
is surveyed rather than the entire population. There is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the true 
population values they represent. The difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the particular sample 
selected. This variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. BLS analysis is generally conducted at 
the 90-percent level of confidence. That means that there is a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that an 
estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value because of 
sampling error. Sampling error estimates are available at www.bls.gov/jlt/jolts_median_standard_errors.htm.

The JOLTS estimates also are affected by nonsampling error. Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons 
including: the failure to include a segment of the population; the inability to obtain data from all units in the sample; 
the inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide data on a timely basis; mistakes made by respondents; errors 
made in the collection or processing of the data; and errors from the employment benchmark data used in estimation.
Other information

Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 
(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.

Table 1. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Mar. 2019	Nov. 2019	Dec. 2019	Jan. 2020	Feb. 2020	Mar. 2020(p)	Mar. 2019	Nov. 2019	Dec. 2019	Jan. 2020	Feb. 2020	Mar. 2020(p)
Total	7,364	6,793	6,552	7,012	7,004	6,191	4.7	4.3	4.1	4.4	4.4	3.9
INDUSTRY
Total private	6,625	6,070	5,838	6,231	6,236	5,462	4.9	4.5	4.3	4.6	4.6	4.1
Mining and logging(3)	30	20	13	19	26	14	3.9	2.7	1.8	2.7	3.4	2.0
Construction(3)	354	215	216	267	296	243	4.5	2.8	2.8	3.4	3.7	3.1
Manufacturing	441	401	360	408	422	320	3.3	3.0	2.7	3.1	3.2	2.4
Durable goods(3)	286	270	222	256	269	187	3.4	3.2	2.7	3.1	3.2	2.3
Nondurable goods(3)	155	131	138	152	153	132	3.1	2.6	2.8	3.1	3.1	2.7
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,298	1,271	1,192	1,214	1,168	1,092	4.5	4.4	4.1	4.2	4.0	3.8
Wholesale trade	217	188	187	172	183	164	3.6	3.1	3.1	2.8	3.0	2.7
Retail trade	749	752	762	759	715	706	4.6	4.6	4.6	4.6	4.4	4.3
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities(3)	332	331	244	283	270	222	5.1	5.1	3.8	4.3	4.2	3.4
Information(3)	146	136	146	152	132	126	4.9	4.5	4.8	5.0	4.4	4.2
Financial activities	362	348	319	427	400	337	4.0	3.8	3.5	4.6	4.3	3.7
Finance and insurance	244	259	235	312	306	265	3.7	3.9	3.5	4.6	4.5	3.9
Real estate and rental and leasing(3)	118	88	84	115	94	72	4.9	3.6	3.4	4.7	3.8	3.0
Professional and business services	1,355	1,217	1,223	1,265	1,357	1,226	6.0	5.4	5.4	5.6	5.9	5.4
Education and health services	1,378	1,311	1,203	1,294	1,252	1,228	5.4	5.1	4.7	5.0	4.8	4.8
Educational services(3)	108	146	106	133	121	111	2.8	3.7	2.7	3.4	3.1	2.8
Health care and social assistance	1,270	1,165	1,097	1,161	1,131	1,117	5.9	5.3	5.0	5.3	5.2	5.1
Leisure and hospitality	1,022	966	916	919	950	699	5.8	5.5	5.2	5.2	5.3	4.1
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	104	120	127	148	135	142	4.1	4.6	4.9	5.6	5.2	5.4
Accommodation and food services	918	845	789	771	815	557	6.1	5.6	5.2	5.1	5.4	3.8
Other services	239	185	250	264	232	176	3.9	3.0	4.1	4.3	3.8	2.9
Government	739	723	715	781	769	730	3.2	3.1	3.1	3.3	3.3	3.1
Federal(3)	136	117	88	113	119	125	4.6	3.9	3.0	3.8	4.0	4.2
State and local	604	606	626	669	649	605	3.0	3.0	3.1	3.3	3.2	3.0
State and local education	226	220	234	275	252	216	2.1	2.0	2.2	2.5	2.3	2.0
State and local, excluding education(3)	378	386	393	393	397	389	3.9	4.0	4.0	4.0	4.1	4.0
REGION(4)
Northeast	1,201	1,178	1,135	1,224	1,237	1,156	4.2	4.1	3.9	4.2	4.2	4.0
South	2,795	2,545	2,439	2,631	2,589	2,383	4.8	4.4	4.2	4.5	4.4	4.1
Midwest	1,674	1,485	1,400	1,522	1,556	1,309	4.9	4.3	4.1	4.4	4.5	3.8
West	1,694	1,585	1,578	1,634	1,621	1,343	4.6	4.3	4.3	4.4	4.4	3.7
Footnotes (1) Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. (2) The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings. (3) No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted series. (4) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 2. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Mar. 2019	Nov. 2019	Dec. 2019	Jan. 2020	Feb. 2020	Mar. 2020(p)	Mar. 2019	Nov. 2019	Dec. 2019	Jan. 2020	Feb. 2020	Mar. 2020(p)
Total	5,689	5,857	5,927	5,925	5,864	5,206	3.8	3.9	3.9	3.9	3.8	3.4
INDUSTRY
Total private	5,337	5,485	5,574	5,541	5,489	4,835	4.2	4.2	4.3	4.3	4.2	3.7
Mining and logging	35	22	25	20	25	20	4.7	3.1	3.6	2.8	3.4	2.8
Construction	363	426	467	435	390	403	4.9	5.7	6.2	5.7	5.1	5.3
Manufacturing	352	357	334	311	334	299	2.7	2.8	2.6	2.4	2.6	2.3
Durable goods	186	212	192	174	196	163	2.3	2.6	2.4	2.2	2.4	2.0
Nondurable goods	165	145	142	137	138	136	3.5	3.0	3.0	2.9	2.9	2.9
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,080	1,170	1,161	1,220	1,221	1,171	3.9	4.2	4.2	4.4	4.4	4.2
Wholesale trade	128	156	133	138	153	130	2.2	2.6	2.2	2.3	2.6	2.2
Retail trade	715	763	772	818	812	806	4.6	4.9	4.9	5.2	5.2	5.2
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	238	251	256	264	256	235	3.9	4.0	4.1	4.2	4.1	3.8
Information	99	90	87	86	96	83	3.5	3.1	3.0	3.0	3.3	2.9
Financial activities	194	236	218	217	243	221	2.2	2.7	2.5	2.5	2.7	2.5
Finance and insurance	135	149	135	142	161	156	2.1	2.3	2.1	2.2	2.5	2.4
Real estate and rental and leasing	59	87	83	75	81	65	2.6	3.7	3.5	3.2	3.4	2.8
Professional and business services	1,168	1,157	1,151	1,163	1,104	1,084	5.5	5.4	5.4	5.4	5.1	5.0
Education and health services	740	730	723	753	762	678	3.1	3.0	3.0	3.1	3.1	2.8
Educational services	91	107	104	109	95	98	2.4	2.8	2.7	2.8	2.5	2.6
Health care and social assistance	649	623	619	644	667	580	3.2	3.0	3.0	3.1	3.2	2.8
Leisure and hospitality	1,095	1,078	1,165	1,126	1,091	717	6.6	6.4	6.9	6.7	6.5	4.4
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	165	187	186	176	168	138	6.8	7.6	7.5	7.1	6.8	5.6
Accommodation and food services	931	891	979	949	923	579	6.6	6.2	6.8	6.6	6.4	4.2
Other services	210	220	243	210	224	159	3.6	3.7	4.1	3.5	3.8	2.7
Government	352	371	352	384	375	372	1.6	1.6	1.6	1.7	1.6	1.6
Federal	39	51	43	48	51	59	1.4	1.8	1.5	1.7	1.8	2.0
State and local	313	321	309	336	324	313	1.6	1.6	1.6	1.7	1.6	1.6
State and local education	171	160	153	173	157	157	1.6	1.5	1.5	1.6	1.5	1.5
State and local, excluding education	142	160	156	163	167	156	1.5	1.7	1.7	1.7	1.8	1.7
REGION(3)
Northeast	898	949	935	949	960	855	3.3	3.4	3.4	3.4	3.4	3.1
South	2,346	2,296	2,358	2,345	2,321	2,006	4.3	4.1	4.2	4.2	4.2	3.6
Midwest	1,168	1,304	1,263	1,187	1,231	1,115	3.6	3.9	3.8	3.6	3.7	3.4
West	1,277	1,308	1,371	1,444	1,352	1,230	3.7	3.7	3.9	4.1	3.8	3.5
Footnotes (1) Hires are the number of hires during the entire month. (2) The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 3. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Mar. 2019	Nov. 2019	Dec. 2019	Jan. 2020	Feb. 2020	Mar. 2020(p)	Mar. 2019	Nov. 2019	Dec. 2019	Jan. 2020	Feb. 2020	Mar. 2020(p)
Total	5,553	5,657	5,762	5,703	5,595	14,517	3.7	3.7	3.8	3.7	3.7	9.6
INDUSTRY
Total private	5,212	5,307	5,419	5,382	5,244	14,106	4.1	4.1	4.2	4.2	4.0	10.9
Mining and logging	35	29	31	24	20	44	4.8	4.0	4.3	3.4	2.8	6.2
Construction	346	416	432	386	359	762	4.6	5.5	5.7	5.1	4.7	10.0
Manufacturing	364	318	342	331	318	732	2.8	2.5	2.7	2.6	2.5	5.7
Durable goods	202	184	193	184	183	471	2.5	2.3	2.4	2.3	2.3	5.8
Nondurable goods	162	134	149	147	135	261	3.4	2.8	3.1	3.1	2.8	5.5
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,106	1,198	1,115	1,220	1,221	2,327	4.0	4.3	4.0	4.4	4.4	8.4
Wholesale trade	136	147	123	137	155	320	2.3	2.5	2.1	2.3	2.6	5.4
Retail trade	735	816	741	830	812	1,592	4.7	5.2	4.7	5.3	5.2	10.2
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	236	235	250	253	254	415	3.8	3.8	4.0	4.1	4.1	6.7
Information	94	79	84	75	87	113	3.3	2.7	2.9	2.6	3.0	3.9
Financial activities	171	213	203	217	210	347	2.0	2.4	2.3	2.5	2.4	3.9
Finance and insurance	118	143	134	141	150	172	1.8	2.2	2.1	2.2	2.3	2.7
Real estate and rental and leasing	53	70	69	75	60	175	2.3	3.0	3.0	3.2	2.5	7.4
Professional and business services	1,153	1,131	1,134	1,151	1,073	1,573	5.4	5.3	5.3	5.3	5.0	7.3
Education and health services	702	663	690	701	699	1,695	2.9	2.7	2.8	2.9	2.8	6.9
Educational services	90	89	97	83	93	322	2.4	2.3	2.5	2.2	2.4	8.4
Health care and social assistance	612	574	593	617	606	1,374	3.0	2.8	2.9	3.0	2.9	6.6
Leisure and hospitality	1,039	1,063	1,146	1,090	1,036	5,453	6.3	6.3	6.8	6.5	6.1	33.3
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	140	175	184	172	157	574	5.8	7.1	7.4	6.9	6.3	23.3
Accommodation and food services	900	888	963	918	880	4,879	6.4	6.2	6.7	6.4	6.1	35.0
Other services	201	197	242	187	220	1,059	3.4	3.3	4.1	3.1	3.7	17.9
Government	341	350	343	321	351	411	1.5	1.5	1.5	1.4	1.5	1.8
Federal	38	41	45	38	41	40	1.4	1.4	1.6	1.3	1.4	1.4
State and local	303	309	298	283	311	371	1.5	1.6	1.5	1.4	1.6	1.9
State and local education	160	157	164	149	155	181	1.5	1.5	1.6	1.4	1.5	1.7
State and local, excluding education	143	152	134	134	156	190	1.5	1.6	1.4	1.4	1.7	2.0
REGION(3)
Northeast	869	909	887	911	888	2,835	3.2	3.3	3.2	3.3	3.2	10.2
South	2,313	2,147	2,249	2,252	2,097	4,873	4.2	3.9	4.0	4.0	3.8	8.8
Midwest	1,145	1,235	1,220	1,249	1,293	3,588	3.5	3.7	3.7	3.8	3.9	10.9
West	1,227	1,366	1,406	1,291	1,317	3,221	3.5	3.9	4.0	3.6	3.7	9.1
Footnotes (1) Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month. (2) The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 4. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Mar. 2019	Nov. 2019	Dec. 2019	Jan. 2020	Feb. 2020	Mar. 2020(p)	Mar. 2019	Nov. 2019	Dec. 2019	Jan. 2020	Feb. 2020	Mar. 2020(p)
Total	3,525	3,528	3,528	3,574	3,436	2,782	2.3	2.3	2.3	2.3	2.3	1.8
INDUSTRY
Total private	3,347	3,341	3,331	3,399	3,245	2,605	2.6	2.6	2.6	2.6	2.5	2.0
Mining and logging	21	14	13	14	12	10	2.8	1.9	1.8	1.9	1.7	1.4
Construction	146	164	170	165	153	130	2.0	2.2	2.2	2.2	2.0	1.7
Manufacturing	221	201	206	188	183	142	1.7	1.6	1.6	1.5	1.4	1.1
Durable goods	116	107	110	103	107	85	1.4	1.3	1.4	1.3	1.3	1.1
Nondurable goods	105	94	97	84	75	57	2.2	2.0	2.0	1.8	1.6	1.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	744	802	734	831	794	603	2.7	2.9	2.6	3.0	2.9	2.2
Wholesale trade	97	89	77	86	101	83	1.6	1.5	1.3	1.4	1.7	1.4
Retail trade	514	577	507	597	546	409	3.3	3.7	3.2	3.8	3.5	2.6
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	133	135	150	148	147	111	2.2	2.2	2.4	2.4	2.4	1.8
Information	48	43	41	40	50	38	1.7	1.5	1.4	1.4	1.7	1.3
Financial activities	100	148	127	145	123	100	1.2	1.7	1.4	1.6	1.4	1.1
Finance and insurance	65	102	88	89	88	75	1.0	1.6	1.4	1.4	1.4	1.2
Real estate and rental and leasing(3)	35	46	40	57	35	25	1.5	1.9	1.7	2.4	1.5	1.0
Professional and business services	697	636	622	684	628	574	3.3	3.0	2.9	3.2	2.9	2.7
Education and health services	486	462	500	476	478	426	2.0	1.9	2.0	1.9	1.9	1.7
Educational services	49	53	66	55	58	50	1.3	1.4	1.7	1.4	1.5	1.3
Health care and social assistance	437	409	434	421	420	376	2.2	2.0	2.1	2.0	2.0	1.8
Leisure and hospitality	747	736	771	758	699	529	4.5	4.4	4.6	4.5	4.2	3.2
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	81	86	72	79	77	51	3.3	3.5	2.9	3.2	3.1	2.1
Accommodation and food services	666	650	698	679	622	477	4.7	4.6	4.9	4.7	4.3	3.4
Other services	137	134	147	98	125	53	2.3	2.3	2.5	1.6	2.1	0.9
Government	178	188	197	175	191	177	0.8	0.8	0.9	0.8	0.8	0.8
Federal	20	17	23	19	19	18	0.7	0.6	0.8	0.7	0.7	0.6
State and local	158	171	174	156	172	159	0.8	0.9	0.9	0.8	0.9	0.8
State and local education	91	90	98	83	90	82	0.9	0.9	0.9	0.8	0.9	0.8
State and local, excluding education	67	81	76	73	82	78	0.7	0.9	0.8	0.8	0.9	0.8
REGION(4)
Northeast	519	478	462	492	494	401	1.9	1.7	1.7	1.8	1.8	1.4
South	1,464	1,429	1,452	1,494	1,347	1,091	2.7	2.6	2.6	2.7	2.4	2.0
Midwest	749	777	760	797	783	654	2.3	2.4	2.3	2.4	2.4	2.0
West	794	844	854	790	812	636	2.3	2.4	2.4	2.2	2.3	1.8
Footnotes (1) Quits are the number of quits during the entire month. (2) The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted series. (4) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Mar. 2019	Nov. 2019	Dec. 2019	Jan. 2020	Feb. 2020	Mar. 2020(p)	Mar. 2019	Nov. 2019	Dec. 2019	Jan. 2020	Feb. 2020	Mar. 2020(p)
Total	1,698	1,769	1,893	1,741	1,846	11,372	1.1	1.2	1.2	1.1	1.2	7.5
INDUSTRY
Total private	1,596	1,672	1,815	1,659	1,752	11,197	1.2	1.3	1.4	1.3	1.4	8.7
Mining and logging	13	14	17	9	6	32	1.8	1.9	2.3	1.2	0.8	4.5
Construction	179	233	243	194	202	618	2.4	3.1	3.2	2.6	2.6	8.1
Manufacturing	123	95	110	115	113	566	1.0	0.7	0.9	0.9	0.9	4.4
Durable goods	76	62	67	64	63	371	0.9	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8	4.6
Nondurable goods	47	33	43	51	49	195	1.0	0.7	0.9	1.1	1.0	4.1
Trade, transportation, and utilities	310	311	323	325	363	1,649	1.1	1.1	1.2	1.2	1.3	5.9
Wholesale trade(3)	33	46	35	47	47	228	0.6	0.8	0.6	0.8	0.8	3.8
Retail trade	189	185	197	193	224	1,132	1.2	1.2	1.3	1.2	1.4	7.2
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	88	81	90	85	91	289	1.4	1.3	1.5	1.4	1.5	4.6
Information	36	33	37	24	32	62	1.3	1.2	1.3	0.8	1.1	2.1
Financial activities	35	44	48	40	67	218	0.4	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.8	2.5
Finance and insurance	22	20	24	31	42	74	0.3	0.3	0.4	0.5	0.7	1.1
Real estate and rental and leasing	13	23	24	9	25	144	0.6	1.0	1.0	0.4	1.0	6.1
Professional and business services	399	434	454	413	392	945	1.9	2.0	2.1	1.9	1.8	4.4
Education and health services	167	165	150	160	167	1,223	0.7	0.7	0.6	0.7	0.7	5.0
Educational services	36	31	26	22	30	268	1.0	0.8	0.7	0.6	0.8	7.0
Health care and social assistance	131	134	124	139	136	955	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.7	0.7	4.6
Leisure and hospitality	275	298	342	295	318	4,897	1.7	1.8	2.0	1.8	1.9	29.9
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	56	84	108	90	77	521	2.3	3.4	4.3	3.6	3.1	21.2
Accommodation and food services	220	214	234	205	240	4,376	1.6	1.5	1.6	1.4	1.7	31.4
Other services	58	44	91	84	93	987	1.0	0.7	1.5	1.4	1.6	16.7
Government	102	98	78	82	95	175	0.5	0.4	0.3	0.4	0.4	0.8
Federal	6	12	9	8	8	9	0.2	0.4	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3
State and local	96	86	69	74	86	166	0.5	0.4	0.3	0.4	0.4	0.8
State and local education	44	41	40	41	42	78	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.7
State and local, excluding education	51	44	29	33	44	88	0.6	0.5	0.3	0.4	0.5	0.9
REGION(4)
Northeast	301	362	347	354	348	2,375	1.1	1.3	1.2	1.3	1.2	8.5
South	716	587	692	601	624	3,655	1.3	1.1	1.2	1.1	1.1	6.6
Midwest	329	390	389	382	440	2,851	1.0	1.2	1.2	1.2	1.3	8.6
West	352	430	464	404	435	2,491	1.0	1.2	1.3	1.1	1.2	7.1
Footnotes (1) Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month. (2) The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted series. (4) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 6. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Mar. 2019	Nov. 2019	Dec. 2019	Jan. 2020	Feb. 2020	Mar. 2020(p)	Mar. 2019	Nov. 2019	Dec. 2019	Jan. 2020	Feb. 2020	Mar. 2020(p)
Total	330	359	341	388	313	363	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.2
INDUSTRY
Total private	269	294	272	323	247	304	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mining and logging	1	1	1	2	2	1	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.2
Construction(3)	20	18	19	27	5	14	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.4	0.1	0.2
Manufacturing	20	21	26	28	23	24	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
Durable goods	10	14	16	16	13	14	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nondurable goods(3)	10	7	9	12	10	10	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	53	85	58	64	64	75	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.3
Wholesale trade	6	12	10	5	6	9	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.2
Retail trade	31	54	38	40	42	51	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.3
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities(3)	15	20	10	19	16	15	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.2
Information(3)	10	3	6	11	5	13	0.3	0.1	0.2	0.4	0.2	0.4
Financial activities	35	22	27	31	19	29	0.4	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.3
Finance and insurance	31	21	22	22	19	23	0.5	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.4
Real estate and rental and leasing(3)	5	1	5	9	1	6	0.2	0.0	0.2	0.4	0.0	0.2
Professional and business services	57	60	58	54	53	54	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.3
Education and health services	49	36	39	65	55	46	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.2
Educational services	5	4	4	7	4	4	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.1
Health care and social assistance(3)	44	31	35	58	51	42	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.2
Leisure and hospitality	17	29	34	37	19	28	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.2
Arts, entertainment, and recreation(3)	3	5	3	3	2	2	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
Accommodation and food services(3)	14	24	30	34	17	26	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.2
Other services(3)	7	19	4	5	2	19	0.1	0.3	0.1	0.1	0.0	0.3
Government	61	65	68	64	66	59	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3
Federal	12	12	13	12	14	13	0.4	0.4	0.5	0.4	0.5	0.5
State and local	49	52	56	53	52	46	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.2
State and local education	25	25	27	25	23	22	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2
State and local, excluding education	25	27	29	28	29	24	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3
REGION(4)
Northeast	49	69	77	65	46	59	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2
South	133	132	104	156	126	127	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.2
Midwest	67	67	71	70	70	82	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
West	81	91	88	97	71	94	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.3
Footnotes (1) Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month. (2) The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted series. (4) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.

Table 7. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Mar. 2019	Feb. 2020	Mar. 2020(p)	Mar. 2019	Feb. 2020	Mar. 2020(p)
Total	7,302	6,761	6,060	4.7	4.3	3.9
INDUSTRY
Total private	6,578	6,009	5,343	4.9	4.5	4.0
Mining and logging	30	26	14	3.9	3.5	2.0
Construction	354	296	243	4.7	3.9	3.2
Manufacturing	441	422	320	3.3	3.2	2.4
Durable goods	286	269	187	3.4	3.2	2.3
Nondurable goods	155	153	132	3.2	3.1	2.7
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,235	1,046	990	4.3	3.7	3.5
Wholesale trade	215	176	156	3.5	2.9	2.6
Retail trade	688	600	613	4.3	3.7	3.8
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	332	270	222	5.2	4.2	3.5
Information	146	132	126	4.9	4.4	4.2
Financial activities	345	383	316	3.8	4.2	3.5
Finance and insurance	227	289	244	3.4	4.3	3.6
Real estate and rental and leasing	118	94	72	4.9	3.9	3.0
Professional and business services	1,334	1,314	1,198	6.0	5.8	5.3
Education and health services	1,366	1,224	1,205	5.4	4.7	4.7
Educational services	108	121	111	2.7	2.9	2.7
Health care and social assistance	1,257	1,103	1,094	5.9	5.1	5.0
Leisure and hospitality	1,068	948	742	6.2	5.5	4.4
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	119	146	156	5.0	6.1	6.4
Accommodation and food services	948	802	585	6.4	5.4	4.1
Other services	261	218	188	4.3	3.6	3.1
Government	724	752	717	3.1	3.2	3.0
Federal	136	119	125	4.6	4.0	4.2
State and local	589	633	592	2.8	3.0	2.8
State and local education	211	236	204	1.9	2.1	1.8
State and local, excluding education	378	397	389	4.0	4.1	4.0
REGION(3)
Northeast	1,191	1,175	1,126	4.2	4.1	3.9
South	2,776	2,527	2,334	4.8	4.4	4.1
Midwest	1,679	1,519	1,302	4.9	4.4	3.8
West	1,657	1,540	1,299	4.6	4.2	3.6
Footnotes (1) Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. (2) The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 8. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Mar. 2019	Feb. 2020	Mar. 2020(p)	Mar. 2019	Feb. 2020	Mar. 2020(p)
Total	5,330	4,901	4,750	3.6	3.2	3.1
INDUSTRY
Total private	5,071	4,612	4,474	4.0	3.6	3.5
Mining and logging	34	21	18	4.7	3.0	2.6
Construction	350	324	380	4.9	4.5	5.2
Manufacturing	335	304	282	2.6	2.4	2.2
Durable goods	180	179	155	2.2	2.2	1.9
Nondurable goods	154	125	127	3.3	2.6	2.7
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,013	984	1,083	3.7	3.6	3.9
Wholesale trade	132	135	122	2.2	2.3	2.1
Retail trade	694	656	784	4.5	4.2	5.1
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	187	194	178	3.1	3.1	2.9
Information	92	83	71	3.2	2.9	2.5
Financial activities	177	212	203	2.0	2.4	2.3
Finance and insurance	121	148	145	1.9	2.3	2.2
Real estate and rental and leasing	56	65	58	2.5	2.8	2.5
Professional and business services	1,115	974	1,013	5.3	4.6	4.8
Education and health services	691	663	611	2.9	2.7	2.5
Educational services	58	73	64	1.5	1.8	1.6
Health care and social assistance	633	591	548	3.1	2.9	2.6
Leisure and hospitality	1,087	870	697	6.8	5.4	4.4
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	167	117	134	7.4	5.2	5.9
Accommodation and food services	920	754	562	6.7	5.4	4.1
Other services	178	176	116	3.1	3.0	2.0
Government	259	290	276	1.1	1.3	1.2
Federal	38	46	58	1.4	1.6	2.0
State and local	221	244	218	1.1	1.2	1.1
State and local education	96	117	85	0.9	1.1	0.8
State and local, excluding education	125	127	133	1.4	1.4	1.4
REGION(3)
Northeast	811	734	748	3.0	2.6	2.7
South	2,226	2,027	1,890	4.1	3.7	3.4
Midwest	1,120	985	1,029	3.4	3.0	3.1
West	1,173	1,156	1,082	3.4	3.3	3.1
Footnotes (1) Hires are the number of hires during the entire month. (2) The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 9. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Mar. 2019	Feb. 2020	Mar. 2020(p)	Mar. 2019	Feb. 2020	Mar. 2020(p)
Total	4,909	4,531	13,808	3.3	3.0	9.2
INDUSTRY
Total private	4,678	4,300	13,517	3.7	3.4	10.6
Mining and logging	35	22	43	4.8	3.1	6.1
Construction	309	277	708	4.3	3.8	9.7
Manufacturing	344	279	710	2.7	2.2	5.6
Durable goods	190	160	458	2.4	2.0	5.7
Nondurable goods	154	118	252	3.2	2.5	5.3
Trade, transportation, and utilities	986	1,029	2,202	3.6	3.7	8.0
Wholesale trade	136	134	319	2.3	2.3	5.4
Retail trade	648	683	1,499	4.2	4.4	9.7
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	202	212	385	3.3	3.4	6.3
Information	84	76	102	3.0	2.6	3.5
Financial activities	155	184	328	1.8	2.1	3.7
Finance and insurance	108	130	159	1.7	2.0	2.5
Real estate and rental and leasing	48	54	169	2.1	2.3	7.3
Professional and business services	1,077	918	1,487	5.2	4.3	7.0
Education and health services	646	585	1,642	2.7	2.4	6.7
Educational services	54	56	283	1.4	1.4	7.1
Health care and social assistance	592	529	1,359	2.9	2.6	6.6
Leisure and hospitality	869	769	5,262	5.4	4.7	32.9
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	100	77	522	4.4	3.4	22.8
Accommodation and food services	769	692	4,740	5.6	4.9	34.6
Other services	172	162	1,034	3.0	2.7	17.6
Government	232	230	291	1.0	1.0	1.3
Federal	35	36	36	1.3	1.3	1.3
State and local	196	194	254	1.0	1.0	1.3
State and local education	87	83	101	0.8	0.8	0.9
State and local, excluding education	109	111	154	1.2	1.2	1.7
REGION(3)
Northeast	711	641	2,669	2.6	2.3	9.6
South	2,096	1,776	4,649	3.8	3.2	8.4
Midwest	999	1,051	3,419	3.1	3.2	10.4
West	1,103	1,063	3,071	3.2	3.0	8.8
Footnotes (1) Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month. (2) The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 10. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Mar. 2019	Feb. 2020	Mar. 2020(p)	Mar. 2019	Feb. 2020	Mar. 2020(p)
Total	3,228	2,822	2,447	2.2	1.9	1.6
INDUSTRY
Total private	3,091	2,685	2,319	2.4	2.1	1.8
Mining and logging	20	11	8	2.7	1.6	1.2
Construction	133	116	105	1.9	1.6	1.4
Manufacturing	215	159	132	1.7	1.2	1.0
Durable goods	111	94	78	1.4	1.2	1.0
Nondurable goods	103	65	54	2.2	1.4	1.1
Trade, transportation, and utilities	700	666	557	2.6	2.4	2.0
Wholesale trade	96	84	81	1.6	1.4	1.4
Retail trade	475	449	368	3.1	2.9	2.4
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	129	132	108	2.1	2.2	1.8
Information	41	45	30	1.4	1.5	1.0
Financial activities	94	109	86	1.1	1.2	1.0
Finance and insurance	58	74	62	0.9	1.1	1.0
Real estate and rental and leasing	35	35	25	1.6	1.5	1.1
Professional and business services	660	532	533	3.2	2.5	2.5
Education and health services	457	413	397	1.9	1.7	1.6
Educational services	34	43	32	0.9	1.1	0.8
Health care and social assistance	423	370	365	2.1	1.8	1.8
Leisure and hospitality	647	550	423	4.0	3.4	2.6
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	64	57	34	2.8	2.5	1.5
Accommodation and food services	583	494	389	4.2	3.5	2.8
Other services	124	83	46	2.1	1.4	0.8
Government	137	137	128	0.6	0.6	0.6
Federal	19	17	17	0.7	0.6	0.6
State and local	118	120	111	0.6	0.6	0.5
State and local education	57	55	43	0.5	0.5	0.4
State and local, excluding education	61	66	68	0.7	0.7	0.7
REGION(3)
Northeast	453	386	334	1.7	1.4	1.2
South	1,368	1,156	983	2.5	2.1	1.8
Midwest	680	633	576	2.1	1.9	1.8
West	727	646	555	2.1	1.8	1.6
Footnotes (1) Quits are the number of quits during the entire month. (2) The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 11. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Mar. 2019	Feb. 2020	Mar. 2020(p)	Mar. 2019	Feb. 2020	Mar. 2020(p)
Total	1,378	1,433	11,025	0.9	0.9	7.3
INDUSTRY
Total private	1,331	1,388	10,906	1.1	1.1	8.5
Mining and logging	14	9	33	1.9	1.3	4.7
Construction	156	156	589	2.2	2.1	8.0
Manufacturing	110	99	554	0.9	0.8	4.3
Durable goods	69	56	366	0.9	0.7	4.5
Nondurable goods	41	44	188	0.9	0.9	4.0
Trade, transportation, and utilities	240	305	1,579	0.9	1.1	5.8
Wholesale trade	33	47	228	0.6	0.8	3.9
Retail trade	150	195	1,089	1.0	1.3	7.1
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	58	63	262	0.9	1.0	4.3
Information	33	27	59	1.2	0.9	2.0
Financial activities	30	58	212	0.3	0.7	2.4
Finance and insurance	22	39	73	0.4	0.6	1.1
Real estate and rental and leasing	7	19	139	0.3	0.8	6.0
Professional and business services	359	340	900	1.7	1.6	4.2
Education and health services	143	119	1,201	0.6	0.5	4.9
Educational services	18	11	249	0.5	0.3	6.3
Health care and social assistance	126	108	952	0.6	0.5	4.6
Leisure and hospitality	204	200	4,811	1.3	1.2	30.1
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	33	19	486	1.5	0.8	21.2
Accommodation and food services	171	181	4,326	1.2	1.3	31.6
Other services	41	76	968	0.7	1.3	16.5
Government	48	45	120	0.2	0.2	0.5
Federal	5	6	7	0.2	0.2	0.3
State and local	42	39	112	0.2	0.2	0.6
State and local education	18	19	49	0.2	0.2	0.4
State and local, excluding education	25	20	63	0.3	0.2	0.7
REGION(3)
Northeast	214	218	2,283	0.8	0.8	8.2
South	608	503	3,553	1.1	0.9	6.4
Midwest	262	361	2,768	0.8	1.1	8.4
West	295	351	2,421	0.8	1.0	6.9
Footnotes (1) Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month. (2) The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 12. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Mar. 2019	Feb. 2020	Mar. 2020(p)	Mar. 2019	Feb. 2020	Mar. 2020(p)
Total	303	275	336	0.2	0.2	0.2
INDUSTRY
Total private	257	227	292	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mining and logging	1	1	1	0.2	0.2	0.2
Construction	20	5	14	0.3	0.1	0.2
Manufacturing	19	21	24	0.2	0.2	0.2
Durable goods	10	10	14	0.1	0.1	0.2
Nondurable goods	10	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	46	58	66	0.2	0.2	0.2
Wholesale trade	7	3	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Retail trade	24	40	41	0.2	0.3	0.3
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	15	16	15	0.2	0.3	0.2
Information	10	5	13	0.3	0.2	0.4
Financial activities	32	17	30	0.4	0.2	0.3
Finance and insurance	27	16	24	0.4	0.3	0.4
Real estate and rental and leasing	5	1	6	0.2	0.0	0.2
Professional and business services	58	46	54	0.3	0.2	0.3
Education and health services	47	53	44	0.2	0.2	0.2
Educational services	3	2	1	0.1	0.1	0.0
Health care and social assistance	44	51	42	0.2	0.2	0.2
Leisure and hospitality	17	19	28	0.1	0.1	0.2
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	3	2	2	0.1	0.1	0.1
Accommodation and food services	14	17	26	0.1	0.1	0.2
Other services	7	2	19	0.1	0.0	0.3
Government	47	48	43	0.2	0.2	0.2
Federal	11	13	12	0.4	0.5	0.4
State and local	36	35	31	0.2	0.2	0.2
State and local education	13	10	9	0.1	0.1	0.1
State and local, excluding education	24	25	23	0.3	0.3	0.2
REGION(3)
Northeast	44	36	52	0.2	0.1	0.2
South	121	117	114	0.2	0.2	0.2
Midwest	57	57	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
West	81	65	95	0.2	0.2	0.3
Footnotes (1) Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month. (2) The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.