Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey News Release

For release 10:00 a.m. (ET) Wednesday, June 1, 2022     USDL-22-1079
Technical information:	(202) 691-5870  •  JoltsInfo@bls.gov  •  www.bls.gov/jlt
Media contact:	        (202) 691-5902  •  PressOffice@bls.gov

                               JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – APRIL 2022

The number of job openings decreased to 11.4 million on the last business day of April, the U.S. Bureau 
of Labor Statistics reported today. Hires and total separations were little changed at 6.6 million and 6.0 
million, respectively. Within separations, quits were little changed at 4.4 million, while layoffs and 
discharges edged down to a series low of 1.2 million. This release includes estimates of the number and 
rate of job openings, hires, and separations for the total nonfarm sector, by industry, and by 
establishment size class. 

Job Openings

On the last business day of April, the number and rate of job openings decreased to 11.4 million 
(-455,000) and 7.0 percent, respectively. The largest decreases in job openings were in health care and 
social assistance (-266,000), retail trade (-162,000), and accommodation and food services (-113,000). 
The largest increases were in transportation, warehousing, and utilities (+97,000); nondurable goods 
manufacturing (+67,000); and durable goods manufacturing (+53,000). (See table 1.)

Hires

In April, the number of hires was little changed at 6.6 million. The hires rate was unchanged at 4.4 
percent. Hires increased in real estate and rental and leasing (+21,000). (See table 2.)

Separations

Total separations includes quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Quits are generally 
voluntary separations initiated by the employee. Therefore, the quits rate can serve as a measure of 
workers’ willingness or ability to leave jobs. Layoffs and discharges are involuntary separations initiated 
by the employer. Other separations includes separations due to retirement, death, disability, and transfers 
to other locations of the same firm.

In April, the number of total separations was little changed at 6.0 million. The rate was little changed at 
4.0 percent. Total separations increased in real estate and rental and leasing (+37,000). (See table 3.)

In April, the number of quits was little changed at 4.4 million. The rate was unchanged at 2.9 percent. 
Quits increased in real estate and rental and leasing (+37,000) but decreased in state and local 
government education (-19,000). (See table 4.)

In April, the number of layoffs and discharges edged down to a series low of 1.2 million (-170,000). 
The rate was little changed at 0.8 percent. Layoffs and discharges decreased in professional and business 
services (-133,000). (See table 5.)

The number of other separations was little changed in April at 363,000. Other separations decreased in 
educational services (-6,000) but increased in real estate and rental and leasing (+5,000). (See table 6.)

Net Change in Employment

Large numbers of hires and separations occur every month throughout the business cycle. Net 
employment change results from the relationship between hires and separations. When the number of 
hires exceeds the number of separations, employment rises, even if the hires level is steady or declining. 
Conversely, when the number of hires is less than the number of separations, employment declines, even 
if the hires level is steady or rising.

Over the 12 months ending in April, hires totaled 78.0 million and separations totaled 71.6 million, 
yielding a net employment gain of 6.4 million. These totals include workers who may have been hired 
and separated more than once during the year.

Establishment Size Class

In April, the job openings rate decreased in establishments with 250 to 999 employees but increased in 
establishments with 1,000 to 4,999 employees. The hires rate increased in establishments with 1 to 9 
employees and in establishments with 5,000 or more employees but decreased in establishments with 50 
to 249 employees. The quits rate increased in establishments with 250 to 999 employees and in 
establishments with 1,000 to 4,999 employees but decreased in establishments with 10 to 49 employees. 
The layoffs and discharges rate decreased in establishments with 50 to 249 employees. The total 
separations rate decreased in establishments with 10 to 49 employees and in establishments with 50 to 
249 employees. For a more in-depth description of the JOLTS establishment size class estimates, please 
visit www.bls.gov/jlt/sizeclassmethodology.htm.

____________
The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey estimates for May 2022 are scheduled to be 
released on Wednesday, July 6, 2022 at 10:00 a.m. (ET).
     

Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted

Category	Job openings			Hires			Total separations
	Apr. 2021	Mar. 2022	Apr. 2022(p)	Apr. 2021	Mar. 2022	Apr. 2022(p)	Apr. 2021	Mar. 2022	Apr. 2022(p)
LEVELS BY INDUSTRY (in thousands)
Total	9,265	11,855	11,400	6,121	6,645	6,586	5,753	6,248	6,033
Total private	8,309	10,812	10,392	5,764	6,241	6,201	5,436	5,843	5,658
Mining and logging	22	45	44	20	24	26	17	21	18
Construction	329	426	449	334	399	354	344	380	348
Manufacturing	865	877	996	394	514	506	428	488	482
Durable goods	484	536	589	211	279	274	241	255	251
Nondurable goods	381	340	407	183	235	232	187	233	231
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,773	2,036	1,958	1,309	1,385	1,399	1,258	1,302	1,282
Wholesale trade	261	295	282	177	173	190	167	151	175
Retail trade	1,016	1,263	1,101	838	906	880	802	871	828
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	496	478	575	294	306	328	290	281	280
Information	126	226	244	112	106	100	93	79	83
Financial activities	428	508	534	215	223	271	214	218	249
Finance and insurance	285	375	366	145	150	177	150	156	150
Real estate and rental and leasing	143	133	168	70	73	94	64	62	99
Professional and business services	1,660	2,330	2,181	1,155	1,320	1,338	1,156	1,267	1,185
Education and health services	1,543	2,278	2,004	767	811	845	708	761	758
Educational services	149	211	203	97	108	109	85	96	85
Health care and social assistance	1,394	2,067	1,801	670	703	737	623	665	673
Leisure and hospitality	1,201	1,660	1,513	1,225	1,198	1,121	1,001	1,077	1,012
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	159	207	173	169	177	168	115	140	143
Accommodation and food services	1,042	1,453	1,340	1,056	1,021	952	887	937	869
Other services	362	426	470	233	261	241	216	249	240
Government	956	1,044	1,008	357	404	385	317	405	375
Federal	149	128	94	46	40	41	39	41	43
State and local	807	915	914	311	364	344	278	364	331
State and local education	302	327	334	160	196	172	141	201	179
State and local, excluding education	504	588	579	152	168	172	137	163	152
RATES BY INDUSTRY (percent)
Total	6.0	7.3	7.0	4.2	4.4	4.4	4.0	4.1	4.0
Total private	6.3	7.7	7.4	4.7	4.8	4.8	4.4	4.5	4.4
Mining and logging	3.9	6.9	6.6	3.7	4.0	4.2	3.1	3.4	2.9
Construction	4.3	5.3	5.6	4.5	5.2	4.6	4.6	5.0	4.6
Manufacturing	6.6	6.5	7.3	3.2	4.1	4.0	3.5	3.8	3.8
Durable goods	6.0	6.4	6.9	2.8	3.5	3.5	3.2	3.2	3.2
Nondurable goods	7.6	6.6	7.8	3.9	4.9	4.8	4.0	4.9	4.8
Trade, transportation, and utilities	6.1	6.6	6.4	4.8	4.8	4.9	4.6	4.5	4.5
Wholesale trade	4.4	4.8	4.6	3.1	3.0	3.3	3.0	2.6	3.0
Retail trade	6.2	7.4	6.5	5.5	5.7	5.5	5.2	5.5	5.2
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	7.0	6.4	7.6	4.5	4.4	4.7	4.4	4.0	4.0
Information	4.3	7.1	7.6	4.0	3.6	3.4	3.3	2.7	2.8
Financial activities	4.7	5.4	5.6	2.5	2.5	3.0	2.4	2.4	2.8
Finance and insurance	4.2	5.4	5.3	2.2	2.3	2.7	2.3	2.4	2.3
Real estate and rental and leasing	6.0	5.4	6.7	3.1	3.1	4.0	2.9	2.7	4.2
Professional and business services	7.3	9.5	9.0	5.5	6.0	6.0	5.5	5.7	5.4
Education and health services	6.1	8.6	7.6	3.3	3.4	3.5	3.0	3.2	3.1
Educational services	4.1	5.3	5.1	2.7	2.9	2.9	2.4	2.6	2.3
Health care and social assistance	6.5	9.2	8.1	3.3	3.5	3.6	3.1	3.3	3.3
Leisure and hospitality	8.1	9.7	8.9	9.0	7.7	7.2	7.3	7.0	6.5
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	7.8	8.4	7.1	9.0	7.9	7.4	6.1	6.2	6.3
Accommodation and food services	8.1	9.9	9.2	9.0	7.7	7.2	7.5	7.1	6.5
Other services	6.3	7.0	7.6	4.3	4.6	4.2	4.0	4.4	4.2
Government	4.2	4.5	4.3	1.6	1.8	1.7	1.4	1.8	1.7
Federal	4.9	4.3	3.2	1.6	1.4	1.4	1.4	1.4	1.5
State and local	4.1	4.5	4.5	1.6	1.9	1.8	1.5	1.9	1.7
State and local education	2.9	3.1	3.1	1.6	1.9	1.7	1.4	2.0	1.7
State and local, excluding education	5.3	6.1	6.0	1.7	1.9	1.9	1.5	1.8	1.7
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Technical Note

This news release presents statistics from the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The JOLTS 
program provides information on labor demand and turnover. Additional information about the JOLTS program can 
be found at www.bls.gov/jlt/. Estimates are published for job openings, hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, 
other separations, and total separations. The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments, as well as 
federal, state, and local government entities in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Industries are classified in 
accordance with the North American Industry Classification System.

Definitions

Employment.  Employment includes persons on the payroll who worked or received pay for the pay period that 
includes the 12th day of the reference month. Full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term, seasonal, salaried, and 
hourly employees are included, as are employees on paid vacation or other paid leave. Proprietors or partners of 
unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, or employees on strike for the entire pay period, and employees 
on leave without pay for the entire pay period are not counted as employed. Employees of temporary help agencies, 
employee leasing companies, outside contractors, and consultants are counted by their employer of record, not by 
the establishment where they are working.

Job Openings.  Job openings include all positions that are open on the last business day of the reference month. 

A job is open only if it meets all three of these conditions: 
* A specific position exists and there is work available for that position. The position can be full-time or part-
time, and it can be permanent, short-term, or seasonal. 
* The job could start within 30 days, whether or not the employer can find a suitable candidate during that time. 
* The employer is actively recruiting workers from outside the establishment to fill the position. Active 
recruiting means that the establishment is taking steps to fill a position. It may include advertising in 
newspapers, on television, or on the radio; posting Internet notices, posting “help wanted” signs, 
networking or making “word-of-mouth” announcements; accepting applications; interviewing candidates; 
contacting employment agencies; or soliciting employees at job fairs, state or local employment offices, or 
similar sources.

Excluded are positions open only to internal transfers, promotions or demotions, or recall from layoffs. Also 
excluded are openings for positions with start dates more than 30 days in the future, positions for which employees 
have been hired but the employees have not yet reported for work, and positions to be filled by employees of 
temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The job openings rate is 
computed by dividing the number of job openings by the sum of employment and job openings and multiplying that 
quotient by 100.

Hires.  Hires include all additions to the payroll during the entire reference month, including newly hired and 
rehired employees; full-time and part-time employees; permanent, short-term, and seasonal employees; employees 
who were recalled to a job at the location following a layoff (formal suspension from pay status) lasting more than 7 
days; on-call or intermittent employees who returned to work after having been formally separated; workers who 
were hired and separated during the month, and transfers from other locations. Excluded are transfers or promotions 
within the reporting location, employees returning from strike, employees of temporary help agencies, employee 
leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The hires rate is computed by dividing the number of hires by 
employment and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Separations.  Separations include all separations from the payroll during the entire reference month and is 
reported by type of separation: quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Quits include employees who 
left voluntarily with the exception of retirements or transfers to other locations. Layoffs and discharges includes 
involuntary separations initiated by the employer including layoffs with no intent to rehire; layoffs (formal 
suspensions from pay status) lasting or expected to last more than 7 days; discharges resulting from mergers, 
downsizing, or closings; firings or other discharges for cause; terminations of permanent or short-term employees; 
and terminations of seasonal employees (whether or not they are expected to return the next season). Other 
separations include retirements, transfers to other locations, separations due to employee disability; and deaths. 
Excluded from separations are transfers within the same location; employees on strike; employees of temporary help 
agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The separations rate is computed by 
dividing the number of separations by employment and multiplying that quotient by 100. The quits, layoffs and 
discharges, and other separations rates are computed similarly.

Estimation Method

The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random sample of 20,700 nonfarm business and government 
establishments. The sample is stratified by ownership, region, industry sector, and establishment size class. The 
establishments are drawn from a universe of over 9.4 million establishments compiled by the Quarterly Census of 
Employment and Wages (QCEW) program which includes all employers subject to state unemployment insurance 
laws and federal agencies subject to the Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees program.

Employment estimates are benchmarked, or ratio adjusted, monthly to the strike-adjusted employment estimates 
of the Current Employment Statistics (CES) survey. A ratio of CES to JOLTS employment is used to adjust the 
levels for all other JOLTS data elements.

Birth/death model.  The time lag from the start up, or birth, of an establishment until its appearance on the 
sampling frame is approximately one year. Also within the first year, new businesses may go out of business, 
referred to as a death. Because not all births and deaths of establishments can be reflected on the sampling frame 
immediately, the JOLTS sample cannot capture job openings, hires, and separations from them during their early 
existence. BLS has developed a birth/death model that uses establishment birth and death activity from previous 
years. The estimates of job openings, hires, and separations produced by the birth/death model are added to the 
sample-based estimates produced from the survey to arrive at the estimates for job openings, hires, and separations.

Alignment.  The JOLTS figure for hires minus separations can be used to derive a measure of net employment 
change. This change should be comparable to the net employment change from the much larger CES survey. 
However, definitional differences as well as sampling and non- sampling errors between the two surveys historically 
caused JOLTS to diverge from CES over time. To limit the divergence, and improve the quality of the JOLTS hires 
and separations series, BLS implemented the monthly alignment method. There are four steps to this method: 
seasonally adjust, align, back out the seasonal adjustment factors, and re-seasonally adjust.

Seasonal adjustment.  BLS uses X-13 ARIMA for seasonal adjustment. A concurrent seasonal adjustment 
methodology is used in which new seasonal adjustment factors are calculated each month, using all relevant data, up 
to and including current month data. JOLTS seasonal adjustment includes both additive and multiplicative models 
and REGARIMA (regression with auto-correlated errors) modeling to improve the seasonal adjustment factors at the 
beginning and end of the series and to detect and adjust for outliers in the series. The seasonally adjusted CES 
employment trends are applied to the seasonally adjusted JOLTS implied employment trends (hires minus 
separations) forcing them to be approximately the same, while preserving the seasonality of the JOLTS data. 

Annual estimates.  The JOLTS estimates are revised annually to reflect annual updates to the CES employment 
estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors. The JOLTS employment levels (not published) are ratio-
adjusted to the CES employment levels, and the resulting ratios are applied to all JOLTS data elements. The 
seasonally adjusted data are recalculated for the most recent 5 years in order to reflect updated seasonal adjustment 
factors. These annual updates result in revisions to both the seasonally adjusted and not seasonally adjusted JOLTS 
data series, for the period since the last benchmark was established.

Annual levels for hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total separations are the sum of the 
12 published monthly levels. Annual rates are computed by dividing the annual level by the Current Employment 
Statistics (CES) annual average employment level, and multiplying that quotient by 100. This figure will be 
approximately equal to the sum of the 12 monthly rates. Consistent with BLS practice, annual estimates are 
published only for not seasonally adjusted data and are released with the January news release each year. Annual 
estimates are not calculated for job openings because job openings are a stock, or point-in-time, measurement for the 
last business day of each month.

Reliability of the estimates

JOLTS estimates are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. Nonsampling error occurs when a sample 
is surveyed rather than the entire population. There is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the true 
population values they represent. The difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the particular sample 
selected. This variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. BLS analysis is generally conducted at 
the 90-percent level of confidence. That means that there is a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that an 
estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value because of 
sampling error. Sampling error estimates are available at www.bls.gov/jlt/jolts_median_standard_errors.htm.

The JOLTS estimates also are affected by nonsampling error. Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons 
including: the failure to include a segment of the population; the inability to obtain data from all units in the sample; 
the inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide data on a timely basis; mistakes made by respondents; errors 
made in the collection or processing of the data; and errors from the employment benchmark data used in estimation.

Other information

If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access telecommunications relay 
services.

Table 1. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Apr. 2021	Dec. 2021	Jan. 2022	Feb. 2022	Mar. 2022	Apr. 2022(p)	Apr. 2021	Dec. 2021	Jan. 2022	Feb. 2022	Mar. 2022	Apr. 2022(p)
Total	9,265	11,448	11,283	11,344	11,855	11,400	6.0	7.1	7.0	7.0	7.3	7.0
INDUSTRY
Total private	8,309	10,343	10,235	10,256	10,812	10,392	6.3	7.5	7.4	7.4	7.7	7.4
Mining and logging	22	34	37	36	45	44	3.9	5.5	5.8	5.7	6.9	6.6
Construction	329	359	383	383	426	449	4.3	4.6	4.8	4.8	5.3	5.6
Manufacturing	865	746	859	785	877	996	6.6	5.6	6.4	5.9	6.5	7.3
Durable goods	484	422	500	467	536	589	6.0	5.1	6.0	5.6	6.4	6.9
Nondurable goods	381	324	360	318	340	407	7.6	6.4	7.0	6.2	6.6	7.8
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,773	1,942	1,832	1,993	2,036	1,958	6.1	6.4	6.1	6.5	6.6	6.4
Wholesale trade	261	295	294	317	295	282	4.4	4.9	4.8	5.2	4.8	4.6
Retail trade	1,016	1,036	1,029	1,139	1,263	1,101	6.2	6.2	6.2	6.7	7.4	6.5
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	496	611	510	537	478	575	7.0	8.2	6.9	7.2	6.4	7.6
Information	126	232	217	180	226	244	4.3	7.4	6.9	5.8	7.1	7.6
Financial activities	428	470	502	453	508	534	4.7	5.0	5.4	4.8	5.4	5.6
Finance and insurance	285	355	376	319	375	366	4.2	5.1	5.4	4.6	5.4	5.3
Real estate and rental and leasing	143	115	126	134	133	168	6.0	4.8	5.2	5.4	5.4	6.7
Professional and business services	1,660	2,021	2,078	2,038	2,330	2,181	7.3	8.5	8.7	8.5	9.5	9.0
Education and health services	1,543	2,187	2,146	2,256	2,278	2,004	6.1	8.4	8.2	8.6	8.6	7.6
Educational services	149	217	178	204	211	203	4.1	5.5	4.6	5.2	5.3	5.1
Health care and social assistance	1,394	1,970	1,968	2,052	2,067	1,801	6.5	8.9	8.9	9.2	9.2	8.1
Leisure and hospitality	1,201	1,990	1,698	1,720	1,660	1,513	8.1	11.7	10.0	10.0	9.7	8.9
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	159	205	175	203	207	173	7.8	8.6	7.3	8.3	8.4	7.1
Accommodation and food services	1,042	1,785	1,523	1,517	1,453	1,340	8.1	12.2	10.4	10.3	9.9	9.2
Other services	362	362	483	412	426	470	6.3	6.1	7.9	6.8	7.0	7.6
Government	956	1,105	1,048	1,088	1,044	1,008	4.2	4.8	4.5	4.7	4.5	4.3
Federal	149	167	125	162	128	94	4.9	5.5	4.2	5.3	4.3	3.2
State and local	807	938	924	926	915	914	4.1	4.6	4.6	4.6	4.5	4.5
State and local education	302	361	373	380	327	334	2.9	3.4	3.5	3.6	3.1	3.1
State and local, excluding education	504	577	551	545	588	579	5.3	6.0	5.8	5.7	6.1	6.0
REGION(3)
Northeast	1,649	1,923	1,952	1,911	1,980	1,822	6.0	6.8	6.8	6.7	6.9	6.3
South	3,588	4,330	4,237	4,262	4,650	4,411	6.2	7.2	7.1	7.1	7.6	7.3
Midwest	2,022	2,530	2,587	2,487	2,533	2,648	6.1	7.3	7.4	7.1	7.2	7.5
West	2,007	2,664	2,507	2,684	2,693	2,519	5.6	7.1	6.7	7.1	7.1	6.7
Footnotes (1) Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. (2) The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 2. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Apr. 2021	Dec. 2021	Jan. 2022	Feb. 2022	Mar. 2022	Apr. 2022(p)	Apr. 2021	Dec. 2021	Jan. 2022	Feb. 2022	Mar. 2022	Apr. 2022(p)
Total	6,121	6,450	6,426	6,832	6,645	6,586	4.2	4.3	4.3	4.5	4.4	4.4
INDUSTRY
Total private	5,764	6,062	6,019	6,414	6,241	6,201	4.7	4.8	4.7	5.0	4.8	4.8
Mining and logging	20	20	20	24	24	26	3.7	3.5	3.4	4.1	4.0	4.2
Construction	334	361	323	408	399	354	4.5	4.8	4.3	5.4	5.2	4.6
Manufacturing	394	457	467	500	514	506	3.2	3.6	3.7	4.0	4.1	4.0
Durable goods	211	258	250	272	279	274	2.8	3.3	3.2	3.5	3.5	3.5
Nondurable goods	183	199	217	228	235	232	3.9	4.2	4.6	4.8	4.9	4.8
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,309	1,377	1,371	1,513	1,385	1,399	4.8	4.9	4.8	5.3	4.8	4.9
Wholesale trade	177	170	170	172	173	190	3.1	3.0	3.0	3.0	3.0	3.3
Retail trade	838	901	898	1,017	906	880	5.5	5.8	5.7	6.4	5.7	5.5
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	294	306	303	324	306	328	4.5	4.5	4.4	4.7	4.4	4.7
Information	112	111	116	89	106	100	4.0	3.8	4.0	3.0	3.6	3.4
Financial activities	215	229	236	236	223	271	2.5	2.6	2.7	2.7	2.5	3.0
Finance and insurance	145	145	161	159	150	177	2.2	2.2	2.5	2.4	2.3	2.7
Real estate and rental and leasing	70	84	75	77	73	94	3.1	3.6	3.3	3.3	3.1	4.0
Professional and business services	1,155	1,212	1,242	1,307	1,320	1,338	5.5	5.6	5.7	5.9	6.0	6.0
Education and health services	767	846	832	890	811	845	3.3	3.5	3.5	3.7	3.4	3.5
Educational services	97	102	103	116	108	109	2.7	2.8	2.8	3.1	2.9	2.9
Health care and social assistance	670	744	730	774	703	737	3.3	3.7	3.6	3.8	3.5	3.6
Leisure and hospitality	1,225	1,192	1,202	1,182	1,198	1,121	9.0	7.9	7.9	7.7	7.7	7.2
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	169	165	165	163	177	168	9.0	7.5	7.5	7.3	7.9	7.4
Accommodation and food services	1,056	1,027	1,037	1,019	1,021	952	9.0	8.0	7.9	7.7	7.7	7.2
Other services	233	256	210	266	261	241	4.3	4.6	3.7	4.7	4.6	4.2
Government	357	388	407	418	404	385	1.6	1.8	1.8	1.9	1.8	1.7
Federal	46	45	41	42	40	41	1.6	1.6	1.4	1.5	1.4	1.4
State and local	311	344	366	376	364	344	1.6	1.8	1.9	2.0	1.9	1.8
State and local education	160	183	200	192	196	172	1.6	1.8	1.9	1.9	1.9	1.7
State and local, excluding education	152	161	166	185	168	172	1.7	1.8	1.8	2.1	1.9	1.9
REGION(3)
Northeast	975	999	1,007	1,056	962	934	3.8	3.8	3.8	3.9	3.6	3.5
South	2,400	2,650	2,611	2,886	2,836	2,792	4.5	4.8	4.7	5.2	5.0	5.0
Midwest	1,351	1,396	1,318	1,305	1,352	1,277	4.3	4.3	4.1	4.0	4.1	3.9
West	1,395	1,406	1,490	1,585	1,494	1,583	4.1	4.0	4.3	4.5	4.3	4.5
Footnotes (1) Hires are the number of hires during the entire month. (2) The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 3. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Apr. 2021	Dec. 2021	Jan. 2022	Feb. 2022	Mar. 2022	Apr. 2022(p)	Apr. 2021	Dec. 2021	Jan. 2022	Feb. 2022	Mar. 2022	Apr. 2022(p)
Total	5,753	6,042	6,044	6,082	6,248	6,033	4.0	4.1	4.0	4.0	4.1	4.0
INDUSTRY
Total private	5,436	5,648	5,673	5,676	5,843	5,658	4.4	4.4	4.4	4.4	4.5	4.4
Mining and logging	17	17	18	17	21	18	3.1	2.9	3.1	2.9	3.4	2.9
Construction	344	329	325	344	380	348	4.6	4.4	4.3	4.5	5.0	4.6
Manufacturing	428	434	457	473	488	482	3.5	3.5	3.6	3.7	3.8	3.8
Durable goods	241	244	246	261	255	251	3.2	3.1	3.1	3.3	3.2	3.2
Nondurable goods	187	190	211	212	233	231	4.0	4.0	4.5	4.4	4.9	4.8
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,258	1,330	1,308	1,311	1,302	1,282	4.6	4.7	4.6	4.6	4.5	4.5
Wholesale trade	167	142	161	156	151	175	3.0	2.5	2.8	2.7	2.6	3.0
Retail trade	802	916	865	895	871	828	5.2	5.9	5.5	5.7	5.5	5.2
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	290	272	282	260	281	280	4.4	4.0	4.1	3.7	4.0	4.0
Information	93	112	122	83	79	83	3.3	3.8	4.2	2.9	2.7	2.8
Financial activities	214	206	233	201	218	249	2.4	2.3	2.6	2.3	2.4	2.8
Finance and insurance	150	135	163	144	156	150	2.3	2.1	2.5	2.2	2.4	2.3
Real estate and rental and leasing	64	70	70	57	62	99	2.9	3.0	3.0	2.4	2.7	4.2
Professional and business services	1,156	1,150	1,133	1,178	1,267	1,185	5.5	5.3	5.2	5.4	5.7	5.4
Education and health services	708	800	805	785	761	758	3.0	3.3	3.4	3.3	3.2	3.1
Educational services	85	84	89	102	96	85	2.4	2.3	2.4	2.7	2.6	2.3
Health care and social assistance	623	716	716	683	665	673	3.1	3.5	3.5	3.4	3.3	3.3
Leisure and hospitality	1,001	1,029	1,052	1,054	1,077	1,012	7.3	6.8	6.9	6.8	7.0	6.5
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	115	123	143	134	140	143	6.1	5.6	6.5	6.0	6.2	6.3
Accommodation and food services	887	906	909	920	937	869	7.5	7.0	7.0	7.0	7.1	6.5
Other services	216	241	219	229	249	240	4.0	4.3	3.9	4.1	4.4	4.2
Government	317	395	371	407	405	375	1.4	1.8	1.7	1.8	1.8	1.7
Federal	39	57	44	42	41	43	1.4	2.0	1.5	1.5	1.4	1.5
State and local	278	338	327	365	364	331	1.5	1.8	1.7	1.9	1.9	1.7
State and local education	141	174	160	192	201	179	1.4	1.7	1.6	1.9	2.0	1.7
State and local, excluding education	137	163	167	173	163	152	1.5	1.8	1.9	1.9	1.8	1.7
REGION(3)
Northeast	830	815	881	905	875	873	3.2	3.1	3.3	3.4	3.3	3.2
South	2,355	2,507	2,413	2,454	2,698	2,545	4.4	4.5	4.3	4.4	4.8	4.5
Midwest	1,276	1,341	1,254	1,269	1,217	1,299	4.1	4.1	3.9	3.9	3.7	4.0
West	1,292	1,380	1,497	1,455	1,457	1,316	3.8	4.0	4.3	4.2	4.1	3.7
Footnotes (1) Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month. (2) The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 4. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Apr. 2021	Dec. 2021	Jan. 2022	Feb. 2022	Mar. 2022	Apr. 2022(p)	Apr. 2021	Dec. 2021	Jan. 2022	Feb. 2022	Mar. 2022	Apr. 2022(p)
Total	4,015	4,403	4,258	4,384	4,449	4,424	2.8	3.0	2.8	2.9	2.9	2.9
INDUSTRY
Total private	3,828	4,164	4,032	4,130	4,192	4,184	3.1	3.3	3.2	3.2	3.3	3.2
Mining and logging	10	13	14	14	15	14	1.8	2.1	2.3	2.3	2.4	2.2
Construction	187	185	172	173	248	221	2.5	2.5	2.3	2.3	3.3	2.9
Manufacturing	294	322	315	345	362	354	2.4	2.6	2.5	2.7	2.9	2.8
Durable goods	158	180	165	189	188	177	2.1	2.3	2.1	2.4	2.4	2.2
Nondurable goods	137	141	150	157	174	177	2.9	3.0	3.2	3.3	3.6	3.7
Trade, transportation, and utilities	938	1,082	991	1,030	980	979	3.4	3.8	3.5	3.6	3.4	3.4
Wholesale trade	110	113	112	123	102	124	1.9	2.0	2.0	2.1	1.8	2.1
Retail trade	628	786	697	732	690	669	4.1	5.0	4.5	4.6	4.4	4.2
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	200	183	181	175	189	186	3.1	2.7	2.6	2.5	2.7	2.7
Information	60	61	45	51	50	49	2.1	2.1	1.5	1.7	1.7	1.7
Financial activities	148	130	164	143	155	197	1.7	1.5	1.8	1.6	1.7	2.2
Finance and insurance	106	81	113	100	112	116	1.6	1.2	1.7	1.5	1.7	1.8
Real estate and rental and leasing	42	49	51	43	44	81	1.9	2.1	2.2	1.8	1.9	3.5
Professional and business services	757	760	711	721	763	809	3.6	3.5	3.2	3.3	3.5	3.7
Education and health services	544	597	617	618	586	608	2.3	2.5	2.6	2.6	2.4	2.5
Educational services	54	57	58	57	61	68	1.5	1.5	1.6	1.5	1.6	1.8
Health care and social assistance	489	540	559	561	525	541	2.4	2.7	2.8	2.8	2.6	2.6
Leisure and hospitality	756	856	853	866	874	813	5.5	5.7	5.6	5.6	5.7	5.2
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	71	81	71	70	77	73	3.8	3.7	3.2	3.1	3.4	3.2
Accommodation and food services	685	776	782	796	797	740	5.8	6.0	6.0	6.1	6.0	5.6
Other services	134	159	152	170	159	139	2.5	2.8	2.7	3.0	2.8	2.5
Government	187	238	225	254	256	240	0.9	1.1	1.0	1.1	1.2	1.1
Federal	18	23	24	23	23	23	0.6	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8
State and local	169	215	202	231	233	217	0.9	1.1	1.0	1.2	1.2	1.1
State and local education	87	108	100	123	135	116	0.9	1.1	1.0	1.2	1.3	1.1
State and local, excluding education	82	107	101	108	99	101	0.9	1.2	1.1	1.2	1.1	1.1
REGION(3)
Northeast	515	601	580	602	586	587	2.0	2.3	2.2	2.2	2.2	2.2
South	1,718	1,820	1,748	1,784	1,896	1,866	3.2	3.3	3.1	3.2	3.4	3.3
Midwest	878	998	898	942	884	957	2.8	3.1	2.8	2.9	2.7	2.9
West	905	985	1,032	1,056	1,082	1,014	2.7	2.8	3.0	3.0	3.1	2.9
Footnotes (1) Quits are the number of quits during the entire month. (2) The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Apr. 2021	Dec. 2021	Jan. 2022	Feb. 2022	Mar. 2022	Apr. 2022(p)	Apr. 2021	Dec. 2021	Jan. 2022	Feb. 2022	Mar. 2022	Apr. 2022(p)
Total	1,384	1,262	1,403	1,354	1,416	1,246	1.0	0.8	0.9	0.9	0.9	0.8
INDUSTRY
Total private	1,311	1,183	1,327	1,273	1,333	1,178	1.1	0.9	1.0	1.0	1.0	0.9
Mining and logging	6	4	3	3	4	3	1.1	0.7	0.5	0.4	0.6	0.5
Construction	143	133	144	157	110	115	1.9	1.8	1.9	2.1	1.4	1.5
Manufacturing	106	90	115	104	102	105	0.9	0.7	0.9	0.8	0.8	0.8
Durable goods	64	49	62	57	51	59	0.8	0.6	0.8	0.7	0.6	0.7
Nondurable goods	42	41	53	47	51	47	0.9	0.9	1.1	1.0	1.1	1.0
Trade, transportation, and utilities	246	192	253	229	243	244	0.9	0.7	0.9	0.8	0.8	0.8
Wholesale trade	46	20	35	27	31	40	0.8	0.3	0.6	0.5	0.5	0.7
Retail trade	133	102	145	128	142	133	0.9	0.7	0.9	0.8	0.9	0.8
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	68	70	73	74	70	71	1.0	1.0	1.1	1.1	1.0	1.0
Information	24	38	74	19	24	28	0.9	1.3	2.5	0.6	0.8	0.9
Financial activities	40	44	33	42	39	29	0.5	0.5	0.4	0.5	0.4	0.3
Finance and insurance	22	24	20	28	21	16	0.3	0.4	0.3	0.4	0.3	0.2
Real estate and rental and leasing	18	19	13	14	18	12	0.8	0.8	0.5	0.6	0.8	0.5
Professional and business services	329	306	326	365	428	295	1.6	1.4	1.5	1.7	1.9	1.3
Education and health services	136	166	148	135	126	104	0.6	0.7	0.6	0.6	0.5	0.4
Educational services	25	20	22	37	22	10	0.7	0.5	0.6	1.0	0.6	0.3
Health care and social assistance	110	147	126	98	104	94	0.5	0.7	0.6	0.5	0.5	0.5
Leisure and hospitality	209	141	177	164	176	173	1.5	0.9	1.2	1.1	1.1	1.1
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	40	37	70	61	60	66	2.1	1.7	3.2	2.7	2.7	2.9
Accommodation and food services	169	104	107	102	115	107	1.4	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.9	0.8
Other services	72	69	54	55	82	83	1.3	1.2	1.0	1.0	1.4	1.5
Government	73	79	75	81	83	68	0.3	0.4	0.3	0.4	0.4	0.3
Federal	9	19	7	7	6	6	0.3	0.7	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
State and local	64	60	69	74	77	62	0.3	0.3	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.3
State and local education	34	33	34	41	41	33	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.4	0.4	0.3
State and local, excluding education	30	26	35	33	36	29	0.3	0.3	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.3
REGION(3)
Northeast	254	156	230	235	221	231	1.0	0.6	0.9	0.9	0.8	0.9
South	502	550	521	529	638	513	0.9	1.0	0.9	0.9	1.1	0.9
Midwest	328	271	281	269	256	265	1.0	0.8	0.9	0.8	0.8	0.8
West	300	286	371	321	301	238	0.9	0.8	1.1	0.9	0.9	0.7
Footnotes (1) Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month. (2) The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 6. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Apr. 2021	Dec. 2021	Jan. 2022	Feb. 2022	Mar. 2022	Apr. 2022(p)	Apr. 2021	Dec. 2021	Jan. 2022	Feb. 2022	Mar. 2022	Apr. 2022(p)
Total	354	377	383	344	384	363	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.2
INDUSTRY
Total private	297	300	313	272	318	296	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mining and logging	1	1	1	1	2	1	0.2	0.1	0.3	0.1	0.3	0.2
Construction	13	12	9	14	22	12	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.3	0.2
Manufacturing	28	22	27	23	24	22	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
Durable goods	20	15	19	15	16	15	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nondurable goods	8	7	8	8	8	7	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.1
Trade, transportation, and utilities	74	56	65	52	79	60	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.2
Wholesale trade	11	9	14	6	18	11	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.3	0.2
Retail trade	41	28	22	35	39	26	0.3	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.2
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	22	19	28	11	22	23	0.3	0.3	0.4	0.2	0.3	0.3
Information	9	13	4	14	6	6	0.3	0.4	0.1	0.5	0.2	0.2
Financial activities	26	32	36	16	24	23	0.3	0.4	0.4	0.2	0.3	0.3
Finance and insurance	22	30	30	16	23	17	0.3	0.5	0.5	0.2	0.4	0.3
Real estate and rental and leasing	5	2	6	0	0	5	0.2	0.1	0.3	0.0	0.0	0.2
Professional and business services	71	83	97	91	76	82	0.3	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.3	0.4
Education and health services	29	37	40	32	49	46	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.2
Educational services	5	8	8	8	13	7	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.2
Health care and social assistance	24	29	31	24	36	38	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.2
Leisure and hospitality	36	31	23	24	27	26	0.3	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.2
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	4	5	2	2	2	4	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.2
Accommodation and food services	32	26	20	22	25	22	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other services	9	13	13	4	9	19	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.3
Government	57	77	70	72	66	66	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3
Federal	12	14	14	12	12	14	0.4	0.5	0.5	0.4	0.4	0.5
State and local	45	63	57	60	54	52	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3
State and local education	21	33	26	28	26	30	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.3
State and local, excluding education	24	30	31	32	28	23	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.4	0.3	0.3
REGION(3)
Northeast	61	59	71	68	69	55	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.2
South	135	137	145	141	165	166	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3
Midwest	70	72	75	58	76	77	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
West	88	109	94	77	74	64	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2
Footnotes (1) Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month. (2) The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.

Table 7. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Apr. 2021	Mar. 2022	Apr. 2022(p)	Apr. 2021	Mar. 2022	Apr. 2022(p)
Total	9,804	11,737	11,981	6.4	7.3	7.4
INDUSTRY
Total private	8,839	10,680	10,976	6.7	7.7	7.9
Mining and logging	21	46	44	3.7	7.1	6.7
Construction	353	447	494	4.6	5.7	6.1
Manufacturing	852	865	982	6.5	6.4	7.2
Durable goods	474	538	580	5.9	6.4	6.9
Nondurable goods	379	327	402	7.6	6.4	7.7
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,761	1,945	1,935	6.1	6.4	6.4
Wholesale trade	295	280	314	5.0	4.6	5.1
Retail trade	970	1,202	1,036	6.0	7.1	6.2
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	496	464	585	7.2	6.3	7.8
Information	131	218	256	4.5	6.9	8.0
Financial activities	462	496	583	5.0	5.3	6.1
Finance and insurance	315	362	396	4.6	5.2	5.7
Real estate and rental and leasing	147	134	186	6.2	5.5	7.4
Professional and business services	1,731	2,330	2,240	7.6	9.6	9.2
Education and health services	1,722	2,195	2,213	6.8	8.3	8.3
Educational services	152	194	207	4.0	4.7	5.0
Health care and social assistance	1,569	2,001	2,006	7.3	9.0	8.9
Leisure and hospitality	1,452	1,720	1,751	9.8	10.3	10.3
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	216	236	200	10.7	10.2	8.4
Accommodation and food services	1,236	1,485	1,551	9.6	10.3	10.6
Other services	354	417	479	6.2	6.9	7.8
Government	964	1,058	1,006	4.2	4.5	4.3
Federal	165	138	104	5.4	4.6	3.5
State and local	800	919	901	4.0	4.5	4.4
State and local education	295	315	317	2.8	2.9	2.9
State and local, excluding education	504	605	584	5.3	6.4	6.1
REGION(3)
Northeast	1,695	1,918	1,835	6.2	6.7	6.4
South	3,853	4,667	4,706	6.7	7.7	7.7
Midwest	2,116	2,522	2,780	6.3	7.2	7.8
West	2,140	2,630	2,660	6.0	7.0	7.0
Footnotes (1) Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. (2) The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 8. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Apr. 2021	Mar. 2022	Apr. 2022(p)	Apr. 2021	Mar. 2022	Apr. 2022(p)
Total	6,389	6,047	6,846	4.4	4.0	4.5
INDUSTRY
Total private	6,108	5,761	6,549	5.0	4.5	5.1
Mining and logging	23	27	30	4.2	4.5	5.0
Construction	441	393	455	6.0	5.3	6.0
Manufacturing	397	484	506	3.3	3.8	4.0
Durable goods	211	269	270	2.8	3.4	3.4
Nondurable goods	186	216	236	4.0	4.5	4.9
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,234	1,186	1,315	4.5	4.2	4.6
Wholesale trade	186	169	204	3.3	2.9	3.5
Retail trade	824	811	824	5.5	5.2	5.3
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	225	206	287	3.5	3.0	4.2
Information	109	92	94	3.9	3.1	3.2
Financial activities	222	201	293	2.6	2.3	3.3
Finance and insurance	138	138	178	2.1	2.1	2.7
Real estate and rental and leasing	84	63	114	3.8	2.7	4.9
Professional and business services	1,215	1,248	1,424	5.8	5.7	6.4
Education and health services	753	721	835	3.2	3.0	3.4
Educational services	70	73	83	1.9	1.9	2.1
Health care and social assistance	683	647	752	3.4	3.2	3.7
Leisure and hospitality	1,452	1,181	1,323	10.8	7.9	8.6
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	238	174	240	13.2	8.4	11.0
Accommodation and food services	1,214	1,008	1,083	10.5	7.8	8.2
Other services	262	227	273	4.9	4.1	4.8
Government	280	286	298	1.3	1.3	1.3
Federal	43	32	36	1.5	1.1	1.3
State and local	237	254	262	1.2	1.3	1.3
State and local education	85	113	87	0.8	1.1	0.8
State and local, excluding education	152	140	174	1.7	1.6	2.0
REGION(3)
Northeast	1,070	871	1,005	4.2	3.3	3.7
South	2,474	2,613	2,860	4.6	4.7	5.1
Midwest	1,389	1,246	1,312	4.4	3.8	4.0
West	1,455	1,317	1,670	4.3	3.8	4.7
Footnotes (1) Hires are the number of hires during the entire month. (2) The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 9. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Apr. 2021	Mar. 2022	Apr. 2022(p)	Apr. 2021	Mar. 2022	Apr. 2022(p)
Total	5,740	5,562	6,025	4.0	3.7	4.0
INDUSTRY
Total private	5,504	5,272	5,753	4.5	4.1	4.5
Mining and logging	17	19	18	3.1	3.2	3.0
Construction	321	344	330	4.4	4.6	4.4
Manufacturing	445	492	494	3.7	3.9	3.9
Durable goods	258	261	261	3.4	3.3	3.3
Nondurable goods	187	231	233	4.1	4.8	4.9
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,247	1,156	1,269	4.6	4.1	4.5
Wholesale trade	176	149	188	3.1	2.6	3.2
Retail trade	796	734	802	5.3	4.7	5.1
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	275	273	278	4.3	4.0	4.0
Information	97	68	87	3.5	2.3	3.0
Financial activities	219	197	262	2.5	2.2	2.9
Finance and insurance	153	146	162	2.4	2.2	2.5
Real estate and rental and leasing	65	51	100	3.0	2.2	4.3
Professional and business services	1,219	1,167	1,283	5.8	5.3	5.8
Education and health services	707	676	755	3.0	2.8	3.1
Educational services	64	60	70	1.7	1.5	1.8
Health care and social assistance	643	616	685	3.2	3.0	3.4
Leisure and hospitality	1,021	931	1,021	7.6	6.2	6.7
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	93	88	121	5.2	4.3	5.6
Accommodation and food services	928	843	899	8.0	6.6	6.8
Other services	211	224	234	3.9	4.0	4.1
Government	236	290	272	1.1	1.3	1.2
Federal	35	37	40	1.2	1.3	1.4
State and local	200	253	232	1.0	1.3	1.2
State and local education	80	111	96	0.8	1.0	0.9
State and local, excluding education	121	142	136	1.3	1.6	1.5
REGION(3)
Northeast	783	689	830	3.0	2.6	3.1
South	2,389	2,573	2,603	4.4	4.6	4.6
Midwest	1,210	1,030	1,239	3.9	3.2	3.8
West	1,359	1,270	1,354	4.0	3.6	3.8
Footnotes (1) Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month. (2) The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 10. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Apr. 2021	Mar. 2022	Apr. 2022(p)	Apr. 2021	Mar. 2022	Apr. 2022(p)
Total	4,076	4,052	4,530	2.8	2.7	3.0
INDUSTRY
Total private	3,929	3,857	4,344	3.2	3.0	3.4
Mining and logging	11	14	14	1.9	2.3	2.3
Construction	178	240	221	2.4	3.2	2.9
Manufacturing	309	363	364	2.5	2.9	2.9
Durable goods	175	193	187	2.3	2.5	2.4
Nondurable goods	134	170	177	2.9	3.6	3.7
Trade, transportation, and utilities	955	903	998	3.5	3.2	3.5
Wholesale trade	118	102	135	2.1	1.8	2.3
Retail trade	626	600	651	4.1	3.8	4.2
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	210	202	213	3.3	2.9	3.1
Information	62	47	52	2.2	1.6	1.8
Financial activities	153	142	216	1.8	1.6	2.4
Finance and insurance	110	105	134	1.7	1.6	2.0
Real estate and rental and leasing	43	37	81	2.0	1.6	3.5
Professional and business services	804	679	914	3.8	3.1	4.1
Education and health services	542	532	607	2.3	2.2	2.5
Educational services	41	41	56	1.1	1.0	1.4
Health care and social assistance	501	491	551	2.5	2.4	2.7
Leisure and hospitality	783	783	823	5.8	5.2	5.4
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	57	60	57	3.1	2.9	2.6
Accommodation and food services	726	722	766	6.3	5.6	5.8
Other services	133	154	135	2.5	2.7	2.4
Government	148	196	185	0.7	0.9	0.8
Federal	18	22	23	0.6	0.8	0.8
State and local	129	173	162	0.7	0.9	0.8
State and local education	48	80	61	0.5	0.7	0.6
State and local, excluding education	81	94	101	0.9	1.1	1.1
REGION(3)
Northeast	518	490	594	2.0	1.8	2.2
South	1,768	1,846	1,953	3.3	3.3	3.5
Midwest	858	770	950	2.7	2.4	2.9
West	933	946	1,033	2.8	2.7	2.9
Footnotes (1) Quits are the number of quits during the entire month. (2) The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 11. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Apr. 2021	Mar. 2022	Apr. 2022(p)	Apr. 2021	Mar. 2022	Apr. 2022(p)
Total	1,323	1,154	1,154	0.9	0.8	0.8
INDUSTRY
Total private	1,279	1,108	1,114	1.0	0.9	0.9
Mining and logging	6	4	3	1.0	0.6	0.5
Construction	129	80	95	1.8	1.1	1.3
Manufacturing	107	103	107	0.9	0.8	0.8
Durable goods	62	52	58	0.8	0.7	0.7
Nondurable goods	45	51	49	1.0	1.1	1.0
Trade, transportation, and utilities	213	179	209	0.8	0.6	0.7
Wholesale trade	47	29	43	0.8	0.5	0.7
Retail trade	124	101	124	0.8	0.6	0.8
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	43	50	42	0.7	0.7	0.6
Information	26	17	28	0.9	0.6	1.0
Financial activities	42	32	24	0.5	0.4	0.3
Finance and insurance	25	19	15	0.4	0.3	0.2
Real estate and rental and leasing	17	13	9	0.8	0.6	0.4
Professional and business services	351	408	295	1.7	1.9	1.3
Education and health services	136	102	100	0.6	0.4	0.4
Educational services	19	11	8	0.5	0.3	0.2
Health care and social assistance	117	90	92	0.6	0.4	0.5
Leisure and hospitality	202	124	172	1.5	0.8	1.1
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	34	26	61	1.9	1.3	2.8
Accommodation and food services	168	98	111	1.5	0.8	0.8
Other services	68	59	81	1.3	1.1	1.4
Government	44	46	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Federal	7	5	5	0.2	0.2	0.2
State and local	37	40	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
State and local education	20	19	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
State and local, excluding education	17	22	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
REGION(3)
Northeast	201	136	182	0.8	0.5	0.7
South	502	578	498	0.9	1.0	0.9
Midwest	288	190	218	0.9	0.6	0.7
West	331	250	255	1.0	0.7	0.7
Footnotes (1) Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month. (2) The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 12. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Apr. 2021	Mar. 2022	Apr. 2022(p)	Apr. 2021	Mar. 2022	Apr. 2022(p)
Total	340	356	342	0.2	0.2	0.2
INDUSTRY
Total private	296	307	295	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mining and logging	1	2	1	0.2	0.3	0.1
Construction	15	24	13	0.2	0.3	0.2
Manufacturing	30	25	23	0.2	0.2	0.2
Durable goods	21	15	16	0.3	0.2	0.2
Nondurable goods	8	9	7	0.2	0.2	0.1
Trade, transportation, and utilities	79	74	62	0.3	0.3	0.2
Wholesale trade	11	19	11	0.2	0.3	0.2
Retail trade	46	34	28	0.3	0.2	0.2
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	22	22	23	0.3	0.3	0.3
Information	10	4	7	0.4	0.1	0.2
Financial activities	24	23	22	0.3	0.3	0.3
Finance and insurance	19	22	13	0.3	0.3	0.2
Real estate and rental and leasing	5	0	9	0.2	0.0	0.4
Professional and business services	63	79	74	0.3	0.4	0.3
Education and health services	29	42	47	0.1	0.2	0.2
Educational services	4	8	6	0.1	0.2	0.2
Health care and social assistance	25	34	41	0.1	0.2	0.2
Leisure and hospitality	36	25	26	0.3	0.2	0.2
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	3	2	3	0.2	0.1	0.2
Accommodation and food services	33	23	23	0.3	0.2	0.2
Other services	10	10	19	0.2	0.2	0.3
Government	44	48	47	0.2	0.2	0.2
Federal	10	9	12	0.4	0.3	0.4
State and local	34	39	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
State and local education	12	13	16	0.1	0.1	0.1
State and local, excluding education	22	26	20	0.2	0.3	0.2
REGION(3)
Northeast	64	63	54	0.2	0.2	0.2
South	119	148	152	0.2	0.3	0.3
Midwest	64	71	71	0.2	0.2	0.2
West	94	74	65	0.3	0.2	0.2
Footnotes (1) Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month. (2) The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.