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Economic News Release
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JOLTS JLT Program Links

Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey News Release


For release 10:00 a.m. (EDT) Tuesday, June 5, 2018	USDL-18-0940

Technical information:  (202) 691-5870  •  JoltsInfo@bls.gov  •  www.bls.gov/jlt
Media contact:          (202) 691-5902  •  PressOffice@bls.gov

(Note: This release was reissued July 6, 2018 due to errors in federal government estimates for hires, 
layoffs and discharges, and total separations that also affected total government estimates for these 
series. These data will not be corrected in this news release. Additional information is available at 
www.bls.gov/bls/errata/jolts-errata-06122018.htm.)

                              JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – APRIL 2018

The number of job openings was little changed at 6.7 million on the last business day of April, the U.S. 
Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Over the month, hires and separations were little changed at 
5.6 million and 5.4 million, respectively. Within separations, the quits rate was unchanged at 2.3 percent 
and the layoffs and discharges rate increased to 1.2 percent. This release includes estimates of the 
number and rate of job openings, hires, and separations for the nonfarm sector by industry and by four 
geographic regions.

Job Openings

On the last business day of April, the job openings level was little changed but reached a new series 
high of 6.7 million. The series began in December 2000. The job openings rate was 4.3 percent in April 
2018. The number of job openings was little changed for total private and for government. Job openings 
increased in durable goods manufacturing (+33,000) and information (+26,000) but decreased in finance 
and insurance (-84,000). The number of job openings was little changed in all four regions. (See table 
1.)

Hires

The number of hires was little changed at 5.6 million in April. The hires rate was 3.8 percent. Hires for 
total private and for government were little changed. The number of hires was little changed in all 
industries and in all four regions. (See table 2.)

Separations

Total separations includes quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Total separations is 
referred to as turnover. Quits are generally voluntary separations initiated by the employee. Therefore, 
the quits rate can serve as a measure of workers’ willingness or ability to leave jobs. Layoffs and 
discharges are involuntary separations initiated by the employer. Other separations includes separations 
due to retirement, death, disability, and transfers to other locations of the same firm.

The number of total separations was little changed at 5.4 million in April. The total separations rate 
was 3.6 percent. The number of total separations was little changed for total private and for government. 
Total separations increased in state and local government education (+20,000). The number of total 
separations was little changed in all four regions. (See table 3.)

The number of quits was little changed at 3.4 million in April. The quits rate was 2.3 percent. The 
number of quits was little changed for total private and increased for government (+17,000). Quits 
increased in state and local government education (+14,000) but decreased in arts, entertainment, and 
recreation (-25,000). The number of quits was little changed in all four regions (See table 4.)

The number of layoffs and discharges edged up to 1.7 million in April. The layoffs and discharges rate 
increased to 1.2 percent over the month. The number of layoffs and discharges edged up for total private 
and was little changed for government. Layoffs and discharges increased in arts, entertainment, and 
recreation (+51,000) and in finance and insurance (+27,000). The number of layoffs and discharges was 
little changed in all four regions. (See table 5.)

The number of other separations was little changed in April at 347,000. The number of other 
separations was little changed for total private and unchanged for government. Other separations was 
little changed in all industries and in all four regions. (See table 6.)

Net Change in Employment

Large numbers of hires and separations occur every month throughout the business cycle. Net 
employment change results from the relationship between hires and separations. When the number of 
hires exceeds the number of separations, employment rises, even if the hires level is steady or declining. 
Conversely, when the number of hires is less than the number of separations, employment declines, even 
if the hires level is steady or rising. Over the 12 months ending in April, hires totaled 66.1 million and 
separations totaled 63.7 million, yielding a net employment gain of 2.4 million. These totals include 
workers who may have been hired and separated more than once during the year.

____________
The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey results for May 2018 are scheduled to be released 
on Tuesday, July 10, 2018 at 10:00 a.m. (EDT).


Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted
Category Job openings Hires Total separations
Apr.
2017
Mar.
2018
Apr.
2018(p)
Apr.
2017
Mar.
2018
Apr.
2018(p)
Apr.
2017
Mar.
2018
Apr.
2018(p)

LEVELS BY INDUSTRY
(in thousands)


Total

6,108 6,633 6,698 5,225 5,486 5,578 5,111 5,322 5,408

Total private

5,564 6,026 6,117 4,894 5,150 5,225 4,775 4,986 5,054

Mining and logging(1)

28 22 27 30 35 36 19 34 30

Construction(1)

233 235 232 376 343 349 380 352 324

Manufacturing

373 421 451 311 353 346 314 342 333

Durable goods(1)

217 253 286 163 211 209 164 198 193

Nondurable goods(1)

156 168 165 148 142 137 150 145 140

Trade, transportation, and utilities

1,032 1,231 1,249 984 1,080 1,101 960 1,067 1,093

Wholesale trade(1)

225 199 210 126 139 130 120 131 136

Retail trade

600 733 735 673 721 747 669 732 743

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities(1)

208 299 304 185 220 224 170 205 214

Information(1)

113 152 178 69 84 84 76 75 82

Financial activities

411 368 294 195 183 188 193 171 192

Finance and insurance

295 281 197 126 115 123 116 106 119

Real estate and rental and leasing(1)

116 87 97 69 68 65 78 64 73

Professional and business services

1,021 1,160 1,255 1,038 1,178 1,187 1,003 1,163 1,136

Education and health services

1,151 1,269 1,256 661 662 677 616 615 634

Educational services(1)

93 103 111 96 91 91 93 91 86

Health care and social assistance

1,059 1,166 1,145 565 571 586 524 525 548

Leisure and hospitality

846 900 939 994 1,013 1,036 969 973 1,031

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

73 86 95 167 161 170 147 145 171

Accommodation and food services

774 815 844 827 852 866 822 828 860

Other services(1)

355 268 235 236 219 221 245 194 199

Government

544 607 581 331 336 353 336 336 355

Federal(1)

86 96 87 34 39 43 40 40 41

State and local

457 511 495 297 297 310 296 296 313

State and local education

161 174 174 146 146 157 150 149 169

State and local, excluding education(1)

296 337 320 151 151 153 146 147 145





RATES BY INDUSTRY
(percent)


Total

4.0 4.3 4.3 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.5 3.6 3.6

Total private

4.3 4.6 4.6 4.0 4.1 4.1 3.9 4.0 4.0

Mining and logging(1)

4.1 3.0 3.6 4.5 4.9 5.0 2.9 4.7 4.1

Construction(1)

3.3 3.2 3.1 5.4 4.8 4.9 5.5 4.9 4.5

Manufacturing

2.9 3.2 3.4 2.5 2.8 2.7 2.5 2.7 2.6

Durable goods(1)

2.7 3.1 3.5 2.1 2.7 2.6 2.1 2.5 2.4

Nondurable goods(1)

3.2 3.4 3.4 3.2 3.0 2.9 3.2 3.0 3.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities

3.6 4.3 4.3 3.6 3.9 4.0 3.5 3.8 3.9

Wholesale trade(1)

3.7 3.2 3.4 2.1 2.3 2.2 2.0 2.2 2.3

Retail trade

3.6 4.4 4.4 4.2 4.5 4.7 4.2 4.6 4.7

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities(1)

3.5 4.9 5.0 3.3 3.8 3.8 3.0 3.5 3.7

Information(1)

3.9 5.2 6.0 2.4 3.0 3.0 2.7 2.7 3.0

Financial activities

4.7 4.1 3.3 2.3 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.0 2.2

Finance and insurance

4.5 4.3 3.0 2.0 1.8 2.0 1.9 1.7 1.9

Real estate and rental and leasing(1)

5.1 3.7 4.1 3.2 3.0 2.9 3.6 2.9 3.3

Professional and business services

4.8 5.3 5.7 5.1 5.7 5.7 4.9 5.6 5.4

Education and health services

4.8 5.1 5.1 2.9 2.8 2.9 2.7 2.6 2.7

Educational services(1)

2.5 2.7 2.9 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.3

Health care and social assistance

5.2 5.6 5.5 2.9 2.9 3.0 2.7 2.7 2.8

Leisure and hospitality

5.0 5.2 5.5 6.2 6.2 6.4 6.1 6.0 6.3

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

3.0 3.5 3.9 7.2 6.9 7.3 6.3 6.2 7.3

Accommodation and food services

5.4 5.5 5.7 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.0 6.0 6.2

Other services(1)

5.8 4.4 3.9 4.1 3.7 3.8 4.3 3.3 3.4

Government

2.4 2.6 2.5 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.6

Federal(1)

3.0 3.3 3.0 1.2 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.5

State and local

2.3 2.6 2.5 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.6

State and local education

1.5 1.7 1.7 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.6

State and local, excluding education(1)

3.1 3.6 3.4 1.7 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.6

Footnotes
(1) No regular seasonal movements could be identified in the job openings series, therefore, the seasonally adjusted and not seasonally adjusted data are identical.
(p) Preliminary


Technical Note


This news release presents statistics from the Job Openings and Labor
Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) collects
and compiles JOLTS data monthly from a sample of nonfarm
establishments. A more detailed discussion of JOLTS concepts and
methodology is available online at www.bls.gov/opub/hom/pdf/homch18.pdf.

Coverage and collection

The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments, as well
as federal, state, and local government entities in the 50 states and
the District of Columbia. Data are collected for total employment, job
openings, hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and
total separations.

Concepts

Industry classification.  The industry classifications in this release
are in accordance with the 2017 version of the North American Industry
Classification System (NAICS).

Employment.  Employment includes persons on the payroll who worked or
received pay for the pay period that includes the 12th day of the
reference month. Full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term,
seasonal, salaried, and hourly employees are included, as are
employees on paid vacations or other paid leave. Proprietors or
partners of unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, or
persons on leave without pay or on strike for the entire pay period,
are not counted as employed. Employees of temporary help agencies,
employee leasing companies, outside contractors, and consultants are
counted by their employer of record, not by the establishment where
they are working.

Job openings.  Job openings information is collected for the last
business day of the reference month. A job opening requires that: 1) a
specific position exists and there is work available for that
position, 2) work could start within 30 days whether or not the
employer found a suitable candidate, and 3) the employer is actively
recruiting from outside the establishment to fill the position.
Included are full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term, and seasonal
openings. Active recruiting means that the establishment is taking
steps to fill a position by advertising in newspapers or on the
Internet, posting help-wanted signs, accepting applications, or using
other similar methods.

Jobs to be filled only by internal transfers, promotions, demotions,
or recall from layoffs are excluded. Also excluded are jobs with start
dates more than 30 days in the future, jobs for which employees have
been hired but have not yet reported for work, and jobs to be filled
by employees of temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies,
outside contractors, or consultants. The job openings rate is computed
by dividing the number of job openings by the sum of employment and
job openings and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Hires.  The hires level is the total number of additions to the
payroll occurring at any time during the reference month, including
both new and rehired employees, full-time and part-time, permanent,
short-term and seasonal employees, employees recalled to the location
after a layoff lasting more than 7 days, on-call or intermittent
employees who returned to work after having been formally separated,
and transfers from other locations. The hires count does not include
transfers or promotions within the reporting site, employees returning
from strike, employees of temporary help agencies or employee leasing
companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The hires rate is
computed by dividing the number of hires by employment and multiplying
that quotient by 100.

Separations.  The separations level is the total number of employment
terminations occurring at any time during the reference month, and is
reported by type of separation—quits, layoffs and discharges, and
other separations. (Some respondents are only able to report total
separations.) The quits count includes voluntary separations by
employees (except for retirements, which are reported as other
separations). The layoffs and discharges count is comprised of
involuntary separations initiated by the employer and includes layoffs
with no intent to rehire; formal layoffs lasting or expected to last
more than 7 days; discharges resulting from mergers, downsizing, or
closings; firings or other discharges for cause; terminations of
permanent or short-term employees; and terminations of seasonal
employees. The other separations count includes retirements, transfers
to other locations, deaths, and separations due to disability. The
separations count does not include transfers within the same location
or employees on strike. The separations rate is computed by dividing
the number of separations by employment and multiplying that quotient
by 100. The quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations rates
are computed similarly.

Annual estimates.  Annual levels for hires, quits, layoffs and
discharges, other separations, and total separations are the sum of
the 12 published monthly levels. Annual rates are computed by dividing
the annual level by the Current Employment Statistics (CES) annual
average employment level, and multiplying that quotient by 100. This
figure will be approximately equal to the sum of the 12 monthly rates.
Consistent with BLS practice, annual estimates are published only for
not seasonally adjusted data and are released with the January news
release each year. Annual estimates are not calculated for job
openings because job openings are a stock, or point-in-time,
measurement for the last business day of each month.

Sample and estimation methodology

The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random sample of 16,000
nonfarm business and government establishments. The sample is
stratified by ownership, region, industry sector, and establishment
size class. The establishments are drawn from a universe of over 9.1
million establishments compiled by the Quarterly Census of Employment
and Wages (QCEW) program which includes all employers subject to state
unemployment insurance laws and federal agencies subject to the
Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees program.

JOLTS total employment estimates are benchmarked, or ratio adjusted,
monthly to the strike-adjusted employment estimates of the CES survey.
A ratio of CES to JOLTS employment is used to adjust the levels for
all other JOLTS data elements.

JOLTS business birth/death model

As with any sample survey, the JOLTS sample can only be as current as
its sampling frame. The time lag from the birth of an establishment
until its appearance on the sampling frame is approximately one year.
In addition, many of these new units may fail within the first year.
Since these universe units cannot be reflected on the sampling frame
immediately, the JOLTS sample cannot capture job openings, hires, and
separations from these units during their early existence. To
compensate for the inability to capture data from these
establishments, BLS has developed a birth/death model that uses birth
and death activity from previous years. The estimates of job openings,
hires, and separations produced by the birth/death model are added to
the sample-based estimates produced from the survey to arrive at the
estimates for openings, hires, and separations.

Seasonal adjustment

BLS uses X-13 ARIMA to seasonally adjust several JOLTS series
utilizing moving averages as seasonal filters. A concurrent seasonal
adjustment methodology is used in which new seasonal adjustment
factors are calculated each month, using all relevant data, up to and
including current month data. JOLTS seasonal adjustment includes both
additive and multiplicative models and REGARIMA (regression with auto-
correlated errors) modeling to improve the seasonal adjustment factors
at the beginning and end of the series and to detect and adjust for
outliers in the series.

Alignment procedure

The JOLTS measures for hires minus separations can be used to derive a
measure of net employment change. This change should be comparable to
the net employment change from the much larger CES survey. However,
definitional differences as well as sampling and nonsampling errors
between the two surveys historically caused JOLTS to diverge from CES
over time. To limit the divergence, and improve the quality of the
JOLTS hires and separations series, BLS implemented the Monthly
Alignment Method.

This method applies the CES employment trends to the seasonally
adjusted JOLTS implied employment trend (hires minus separations)
forcing them to be approximately the same, while preserving the
seasonality of the JOLTS data. First, the two series are seasonally
adjusted and the difference between the JOLTS implied employment
change and the CES net employment change is calculated. Next, the
JOLTS implied employment change is adjusted to equal the CES net
employment change through a proportional adjustment. This procedure
adjusts the two components (hires, separations) proportionally to
their contribution to the total churn (hires plus separations). The
adjusted hires and separations are converted back to not seasonally
adjusted data by reversing the application of the original seasonal
factors. After the Monthly Alignment Method has been used to adjust
the level estimates, rate estimates are computed from the adjusted
levels.

Reliability of the estimates

JOLTS estimates are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error.
When a sample is surveyed rather than the entire population, there is
a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the "true"
population values they represent. The exact difference, or sampling
error, varies depending on the particular sample selected, and this
variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. BLS
analysis is generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.
That means that there is a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence,
that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6
standard errors from the "true" population value because of sampling
error. Sampling error estimates are available at 
www.bls.gov/jlt/jolts_median_standard_errors.htm.

The JOLTS estimates also are affected by nonsampling error.
Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, including the failure to
include a segment of the population, the inability to obtain data from
all units in the sample, the inability or unwillingness of respondents
to provide data on a timely basis, mistakes made by respondents,
errors made in the collection or processing of the data, and errors
from the employment benchmark data used in estimation.

Other information

Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired
individuals upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay
Service: (800) 877-8339.

Table 1. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
Apr.
2017
Dec.
2017
Jan.
2018
Feb.
2018
Mar.
2018
Apr.
2018(p)
Apr.
2017
Dec.
2017
Jan.
2018
Feb.
2018
Mar.
2018
Apr.
2018(p)

Total

6,108 5,667 6,228 6,078 6,633 6,698 4.0 3.7 4.0 3.9 4.3 4.3

INDUSTRY

Total private

5,564 5,143 5,675 5,489 6,026 6,117 4.3 3.9 4.3 4.2 4.6 4.6

Mining and logging(3)

28 20 27 24 22 27 4.1 2.8 3.7 3.2 3.0 3.6

Construction(3)

233 149 252 180 235 232 3.3 2.1 3.4 2.4 3.2 3.1

Manufacturing

373 374 424 414 421 451 2.9 2.9 3.3 3.2 3.2 3.4

Durable goods(3)

217 239 273 261 253 286 2.7 3.0 3.4 3.2 3.1 3.5

Nondurable goods(3)

156 135 152 153 168 165 3.2 2.8 3.1 3.1 3.4 3.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities

1,032 1,087 1,217 1,093 1,231 1,249 3.6 3.8 4.2 3.8 4.3 4.3

Wholesale trade(3)

225 188 224 174 199 210 3.7 3.1 3.6 2.8 3.2 3.4

Retail trade

600 707 709 663 733 735 3.6 4.3 4.3 4.0 4.4 4.4

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities(3)

208 192 283 256 299 304 3.5 3.2 4.7 4.2 4.9 5.0

Information(3)

113 103 112 118 152 178 3.9 3.6 3.9 4.1 5.2 6.0

Financial activities

411 332 355 406 368 294 4.7 3.8 4.0 4.5 4.1 3.3

Finance and insurance

295 253 265 339 281 197 4.5 3.9 4.0 5.1 4.3 3.0

Real estate and rental and leasing(3)

116 79 90 67 87 97 5.1 3.4 3.9 2.9 3.7 4.1

Professional and business services

1,021 874 1,028 1,016 1,160 1,255 4.8 4.1 4.7 4.7 5.3 5.7

Education and health services

1,151 1,107 1,175 1,192 1,269 1,256 4.8 4.5 4.8 4.8 5.1 5.1

Educational services(3)

93 84 106 81 103 111 2.5 2.2 2.8 2.1 2.7 2.9

Health care and social assistance

1,059 1,023 1,069 1,111 1,166 1,145 5.2 4.9 5.1 5.3 5.6 5.5

Leisure and hospitality

846 902 878 812 900 939 5.0 5.3 5.1 4.8 5.2 5.5

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

73 90 77 84 86 95 3.0 3.7 3.2 3.4 3.5 3.9

Accommodation and food services

774 812 801 728 815 844 5.4 5.5 5.5 5.0 5.5 5.7

Other services(3)

355 196 206 234 268 235 5.8 3.3 3.4 3.9 4.4 3.9

Government

544 524 553 590 607 581 2.4 2.3 2.4 2.6 2.6 2.5

Federal(3)

86 79 88 69 96 87 3.0 2.7 3.0 2.4 3.3 3.0

State and local

457 445 465 520 511 495 2.3 2.2 2.3 2.6 2.6 2.5

State and local education

161 165 165 180 174 174 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.7

State and local, excluding education(3)

296 280 300 340 337 320 3.1 3.0 3.2 3.6 3.6 3.4

REGION(4)

Northeast

1,108 968 1,007 1,019 1,134 1,137 4.0 3.4 3.6 3.6 4.0 4.0

South

2,235 2,011 2,216 2,182 2,329 2,322 4.0 3.6 3.9 3.9 4.1 4.1

Midwest

1,443 1,350 1,507 1,465 1,629 1,659 4.3 4.0 4.4 4.3 4.7 4.8

West

1,322 1,338 1,499 1,412 1,541 1,580 3.8 3.8 4.2 4.0 4.3 4.4

Footnotes
(1) Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.
(2) The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings.
(3) No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted series.
(4) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary


Table 2. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
Apr.
2017
Dec.
2017
Jan.
2018
Feb.
2018
Mar.
2018
Apr.
2018(p)
Apr.
2017
Dec.
2017
Jan.
2018
Feb.
2018
Mar.
2018
Apr.
2018(p)

Total

5,225 5,524 5,574 5,511 5,486 5,578 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.7 3.7 3.8

INDUSTRY

Total private

4,894 5,173 5,236 5,178 5,150 5,225 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.1 4.1 4.1

Mining and logging

30 31 32 36 35 36 4.5 4.4 4.5 5.1 4.9 5.0

Construction

376 321 353 352 343 349 5.4 4.5 5.0 4.9 4.8 4.9

Manufacturing

311 348 360 382 353 346 2.5 2.8 2.9 3.0 2.8 2.7

Durable goods

163 201 212 215 211 209 2.1 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.6

Nondurable goods

148 147 149 167 142 137 3.2 3.1 3.1 3.5 3.0 2.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities

984 1,076 1,089 1,080 1,080 1,101 3.6 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.9 4.0

Wholesale trade

126 148 151 139 139 130 2.1 2.5 2.5 2.3 2.3 2.2

Retail trade

673 698 728 724 721 747 4.2 4.4 4.6 4.5 4.5 4.7

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

185 230 210 216 220 224 3.3 4.0 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.8

Information

69 83 79 82 84 84 2.4 3.0 2.9 3.0 3.0 3.0

Financial activities

195 187 223 227 183 188 2.3 2.2 2.6 2.7 2.1 2.2

Finance and insurance

126 122 152 153 115 123 2.0 1.9 2.4 2.4 1.8 2.0

Real estate and rental and leasing

69 65 71 73 68 65 3.2 2.9 3.2 3.3 3.0 2.9

Professional and business services

1,038 1,218 1,160 1,150 1,178 1,187 5.1 5.9 5.6 5.5 5.7 5.7

Education and health services

661 666 709 673 662 677 2.9 2.8 3.0 2.9 2.8 2.9

Educational services

96 111 119 88 91 91 2.6 3.0 3.2 2.4 2.5 2.5

Health care and social assistance

565 556 591 584 571 586 2.9 2.8 3.0 3.0 2.9 3.0

Leisure and hospitality

994 1,021 1,027 1,028 1,013 1,036 6.2 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.2 6.4

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

167 153 164 167 161 170 7.2 6.5 7.0 7.1 6.9 7.3

Accommodation and food services

827 869 863 861 852 866 6.0 6.3 6.2 6.2 6.1 6.2

Other services

236 222 204 170 219 221 4.1 3.8 3.5 2.9 3.7 3.8

Government

331 351 339 333 336 353 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.6

Federal

34 28 38 37 39 43 1.2 1.0 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.5

State and local

297 322 301 296 297 310 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.6

State and local education

146 167 147 145 146 157 1.4 1.6 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.5

State and local, excluding education

151 155 154 151 151 153 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.7

REGION(3)

Northeast

887 790 817 802 786 808 3.3 2.9 3.0 2.9 2.9 3.0

South

2,055 2,221 2,266 2,138 2,182 2,225 3.9 4.1 4.2 4.0 4.0 4.1

Midwest

1,122 1,219 1,203 1,238 1,218 1,217 3.5 3.7 3.7 3.8 3.7 3.7

West

1,161 1,293 1,288 1,333 1,299 1,328 3.5 3.8 3.8 3.9 3.8 3.9

Footnotes
(1) Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.
(2) The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
(3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary


Table 3. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
Apr.
2017
Dec.
2017
Jan.
2018
Feb.
2018
Mar.
2018
Apr.
2018(p)
Apr.
2017
Dec.
2017
Jan.
2018
Feb.
2018
Mar.
2018
Apr.
2018(p)

Total

5,111 5,314 5,319 5,173 5,322 5,408 3.5 3.6 3.6 3.5 3.6 3.6

INDUSTRY

Total private

4,775 4,959 4,989 4,844 4,986 5,054 3.9 4.0 4.0 3.9 4.0 4.0

Mining and logging

19 31 31 32 34 30 2.9 4.5 4.4 4.4 4.7 4.1

Construction

380 291 337 305 352 324 5.5 4.1 4.7 4.3 4.9 4.5

Manufacturing

314 337 343 350 342 333 2.5 2.7 2.7 2.8 2.7 2.6

Durable goods

164 189 195 192 198 193 2.1 2.4 2.5 2.4 2.5 2.4

Nondurable goods

150 148 148 159 145 140 3.2 3.1 3.1 3.3 3.0 3.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities

960 1,050 1,061 1,010 1,067 1,093 3.5 3.8 3.8 3.6 3.8 3.9

Wholesale trade

120 143 149 135 131 136 2.0 2.4 2.5 2.3 2.2 2.3

Retail trade

669 686 714 672 732 743 4.2 4.3 4.5 4.2 4.6 4.7

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

170 221 198 202 205 214 3.0 3.8 3.4 3.5 3.5 3.7

Information

76 88 93 84 75 82 2.7 3.2 3.4 3.0 2.7 3.0

Financial activities

193 172 212 199 171 192 2.3 2.0 2.5 2.3 2.0 2.2

Finance and insurance

116 121 147 148 106 119 1.9 1.9 2.3 2.3 1.7 1.9

Real estate and rental and leasing

78 51 65 51 64 73 3.6 2.3 2.9 2.3 2.9 3.3

Professional and business services

1,003 1,180 1,074 1,081 1,163 1,136 4.9 5.7 5.2 5.2 5.6 5.4

Education and health services

616 626 656 644 615 634 2.7 2.7 2.8 2.7 2.6 2.7

Educational services

93 98 89 96 91 86 2.5 2.6 2.4 2.6 2.5 2.3

Health care and social assistance

524 529 566 548 525 548 2.7 2.7 2.9 2.8 2.7 2.8

Leisure and hospitality

969 981 988 984 973 1,031 6.1 6.0 6.1 6.1 6.0 6.3

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

147 142 157 157 145 171 6.3 6.0 6.7 6.7 6.2 7.3

Accommodation and food services

822 839 831 827 828 860 6.0 6.1 6.0 5.9 6.0 6.2

Other services

245 204 195 155 194 199 4.3 3.5 3.3 2.7 3.3 3.4

Government

336 354 330 330 336 355 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.6

Federal

40 36 32 41 40 41 1.4 1.3 1.1 1.5 1.4 1.5

State and local

296 319 298 288 296 313 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.6

State and local education

150 165 156 142 149 169 1.4 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.6

State and local, excluding education

146 153 141 147 147 145 1.6 1.7 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.6

REGION(3)

Northeast

816 771 813 758 773 803 3.0 2.8 3.0 2.8 2.8 2.9

South

2,039 2,116 2,186 2,123 2,166 2,206 3.8 3.9 4.1 3.9 4.0 4.1

Midwest

1,087 1,164 1,116 1,045 1,125 1,130 3.4 3.6 3.4 3.2 3.4 3.4

West

1,169 1,263 1,204 1,248 1,258 1,270 3.5 3.7 3.5 3.7 3.7 3.7

Footnotes
(1) Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.
(2) The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
(3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary


Table 4. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
Apr.
2017
Dec.
2017
Jan.
2018
Feb.
2018
Mar.
2018
Apr.
2018(p)
Apr.
2017
Dec.
2017
Jan.
2018
Feb.
2018
Mar.
2018
Apr.
2018(p)

Total

3,072 3,340 3,191 3,208 3,387 3,351 2.1 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.3

INDUSTRY

Total private

2,914 3,164 3,023 3,045 3,217 3,163 2.4 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.6 2.5

Mining and logging

10 17 19 21 21 21 1.4 2.5 2.6 2.9 2.9 2.9

Construction

157 152 156 150 149 160 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.1 2.2

Manufacturing

181 217 214 215 211 201 1.5 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.6

Durable goods

96 120 117 122 126 115 1.2 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.5

Nondurable goods

85 97 97 93 85 86 1.8 2.1 2.0 2.0 1.8 1.8

Trade, transportation, and utilities

599 682 643 626 667 663 2.2 2.5 2.3 2.3 2.4 2.4

Wholesale trade

74 101 88 86 84 86 1.3 1.7 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.4

Retail trade

434 475 452 424 461 462 2.7 3.0 2.8 2.7 2.9 2.9

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

91 106 102 116 122 116 1.6 1.8 1.8 2.0 2.1 2.0

Information

38 50 50 49 43 49 1.4 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.6 1.8

Financial activities

118 114 118 118 101 96 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.2 1.1

Finance and insurance

75 83 76 83 62 45 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.0 0.7

Real estate and rental and leasing(3)

43 30 43 35 39 52 2.0 1.4 1.9 1.6 1.7 2.3

Professional and business services

602 747 641 690 715 709 3.0 3.6 3.1 3.3 3.4 3.4

Education and health services

412 423 400 406 433 430 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.8

Educational services

53 52 45 48 46 52 1.4 1.4 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.4

Health care and social assistance

359 370 355 358 387 378 1.8 1.9 1.8 1.8 2.0 1.9

Leisure and hospitality

675 676 672 694 731 709 4.2 4.2 4.1 4.3 4.5 4.4

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

86 64 79 67 92 67 3.7 2.7 3.4 2.9 3.9 2.8

Accommodation and food services

589 611 593 627 639 642 4.3 4.4 4.3 4.5 4.6 4.6

Other services(3)

123 87 111 76 145 124 2.1 1.5 1.9 1.3 2.5 2.1

Government

158 176 168 163 171 188 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.8

Federal

16 13 13 14 15 17 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6

State and local

142 163 155 149 156 171 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9

State and local education

76 83 80 78 79 93 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.9

State and local, excluding education

66 80 75 71 77 78 0.7 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9

REGION(4)

Northeast

457 422 431 422 438 466 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.7

South

1,240 1,322 1,330 1,376 1,419 1,382 2.3 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.6 2.6

Midwest

629 758 687 647 718 714 1.9 2.3 2.1 2.0 2.2 2.2

West

746 837 743 764 813 788 2.2 2.5 2.2 2.2 2.4 2.3

Footnotes
(1) Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.
(2) The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
(3) No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted series.
(4) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary


Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
Apr.
2017
Dec.
2017
Jan.
2018
Feb.
2018
Mar.
2018
Apr.
2018(p)
Apr.
2017
Dec.
2017
Jan.
2018
Feb.
2018
Mar.
2018
Apr.
2018(p)

Total

1,687 1,655 1,784 1,620 1,547 1,710 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.2

INDUSTRY

Total private

1,579 1,534 1,677 1,516 1,448 1,609 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.3

Mining and logging(3)

8 13 12 9 11 8 1.2 1.9 1.7 1.3 1.5 1.1

Construction

213 127 173 149 180 154 3.1 1.8 2.4 2.1 2.5 2.1

Manufacturing

111 101 101 114 110 111 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9

Durable goods

55 56 62 58 60 67 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.8

Nondurable goods

56 44 40 57 50 44 1.2 0.9 0.8 1.2 1.1 0.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities

279 302 329 306 302 345 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.2

Wholesale trade(3)

34 30 49 41 32 41 0.6 0.5 0.8 0.7 0.5 0.7

Retail trade

178 171 196 193 199 223 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.4

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

68 101 84 73 71 81 1.2 1.7 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.4

Information

26 29 31 26 27 28 0.9 1.1 1.1 0.9 1.0 1.0

Financial activities

47 42 68 52 41 70 0.6 0.5 0.8 0.6 0.5 0.8

Finance and insurance

20 24 47 37 23 50 0.3 0.4 0.7 0.6 0.4 0.8

Real estate and rental and leasing

27 18 21 15 19 20 1.2 0.8 0.9 0.7 0.8 0.9

Professional and business services

356 394 405 344 376 374 1.7 1.9 2.0 1.7 1.8 1.8

Education and health services

169 149 189 183 143 165 0.7 0.6 0.8 0.8 0.6 0.7

Educational services

38 39 39 40 37 30 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.0 0.8

Health care and social assistance

131 111 150 143 106 136 0.7 0.6 0.8 0.7 0.5 0.7

Leisure and hospitality

261 273 295 270 224 297 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.7 1.4 1.8

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

59 75 76 87 49 100 2.5 3.2 3.2 3.7 2.1 4.3

Accommodation and food services

202 198 219 183 174 197 1.5 1.4 1.6 1.3 1.3 1.4

Other services

108 104 75 63 34 59 1.9 1.8 1.3 1.1 0.6 1.0

Government

108 121 106 104 99 101 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.5

Federal

13 12 12 14 12 13 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.4

State and local

95 109 94 90 87 89 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.5

State and local education

43 58 54 40 45 50 0.4 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.5

State and local, excluding education

52 51 41 50 42 39 0.6 0.6 0.4 0.6 0.5 0.4

REGION(4)

Northeast

290 287 334 280 268 269 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.0

South

671 678 733 620 604 685 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.1 1.1 1.3

Midwest

386 336 355 334 326 355 1.2 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.1

West

339 353 361 385 350 402 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.2

Footnotes
(1) Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.
(2) The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
(3) No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted series.
(4) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary


Table 6. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
Apr.
2017
Dec.
2017
Jan.
2018
Feb.
2018
Mar.
2018
Apr.
2018(p)
Apr.
2017
Dec.
2017
Jan.
2018
Feb.
2018
Mar.
2018
Apr.
2018(p)

Total

352 318 344 346 387 347 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2

INDUSTRY

Total private

282 261 289 283 322 281 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2

Mining and logging

2 1 1 1 2 1 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Construction(3)

10 12 8 7 22 10 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.1

Manufacturing

22 19 28 21 21 22 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Durable goods

13 12 16 12 13 11 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1

Nondurable goods(3)

8 7 12 8 9 10 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities

82 66 90 77 98 84 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.3

Wholesale trade

12 13 12 8 14 9 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2

Retail trade

58 39 66 56 72 58 0.4 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.5 0.4

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities(3)

12 14 12 13 12 17 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3

Information(3)

12 8 11 9 4 5 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.1 0.2

Financial activities

28 17 26 30 29 26 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

Finance and insurance

20 13 24 28 21 24 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.4

Real estate and rental and leasing(3)

8 3 2 2 7 2 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.1

Professional and business services

45 39 29 47 72 53 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.3

Education and health services

35 55 66 55 39 39 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2

Educational services(3)

2 7 5 8 7 5 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1

Health care and social assistance(3)

33 48 61 47 32 34 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2

Leisure and hospitality

34 32 21 20 19 25 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation(3)

2 3 2 3 4 4 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2

Accommodation and food services(3)

31 29 19 17 15 21 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2

Other services(3)

13 13 9 16 16 16 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.3

Government

70 57 56 63 66 66 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3

Federal

11 11 7 14 13 12 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.5 0.4 0.4

State and local

59 47 49 49 53 54 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3

State and local education

31 25 23 24 25 26 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

State and local, excluding education

28 22 26 25 28 28 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

REGION(4)

Northeast

69 61 48 56 67 68 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

South

128 115 123 127 144 139 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3

Midwest

71 70 74 64 81 60 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

West

84 72 100 99 95 80 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2

Footnotes
(1) Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.
(2) The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
(3) No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted series.
(4) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.


Table 7. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
Apr.
2017
Mar.
2018
Apr.
2018(p)
Apr.
2017
Mar.
2018
Apr.
2018(p)

Total

6,511 6,518 7,195 4.3 4.2 4.6

INDUSTRY

Total private

5,975 5,920 6,618 4.6 4.5 5.0

Mining and logging

28 22 27 4.1 3.0 3.6

Construction

233 235 232 3.3 3.3 3.2

Manufacturing

373 421 451 2.9 3.2 3.5

Durable goods

217 253 286 2.7 3.1 3.5

Nondurable goods

156 168 165 3.2 3.5 3.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities

1,038 1,209 1,262 3.7 4.2 4.4

Wholesale trade

225 199 210 3.7 3.2 3.4

Retail trade

606 711 747 3.7 4.3 4.5

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

208 299 304 3.6 4.9 5.0

Information

113 152 178 3.9 5.2 6.0

Financial activities

461 351 337 5.2 4.0 3.8

Finance and insurance

345 264 240 5.3 4.0 3.7

Real estate and rental and leasing

116 87 97 5.1 3.8 4.2

Professional and business services

1,112 1,118 1,375 5.2 5.2 6.2

Education and health services

1,247 1,221 1,372 5.1 4.9 5.5

Educational services

93 103 111 2.4 2.6 2.8

Health care and social assistance

1,155 1,118 1,261 5.6 5.4 6.0

Leisure and hospitality

1,014 922 1,149 6.0 5.5 6.6

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

103 92 134 4.3 4.1 5.5

Accommodation and food services

912 830 1,015 6.3 5.7 6.8

Other services

355 268 235 5.8 4.4 3.9

Government

535 598 577 2.3 2.6 2.5

Federal

86 96 87 3.0 3.4 3.0

State and local

449 501 490 2.2 2.5 2.4

State and local education

153 165 170 1.4 1.5 1.5

State and local, excluding education

296 337 320 3.2 3.6 3.4

REGION(3)

Northeast

1,164 1,094 1,212 4.2 3.9 4.3

South

2,430 2,313 2,550 4.4 4.1 4.5

Midwest

1,480 1,630 1,719 4.4 4.8 5.0

West

1,436 1,480 1,713 4.1 4.2 4.8

Footnotes
(1) Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.
(2) The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings.
(3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary


Table 8. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
Apr.
2017
Mar.
2018
Apr.
2018(p)
Apr.
2017
Mar.
2018
Apr.
2018(p)

Total

5,633 5,139 5,990 3.9 3.5 4.0

INDUSTRY

Total private

5,372 4,885 5,711 4.4 3.9 4.5

Mining and logging

33 35 41 5.1 4.9 5.6

Construction

525 340 485 7.7 4.9 6.8

Manufacturing

325 338 358 2.6 2.7 2.8

Durable goods

172 207 219 2.2 2.6 2.8

Nondurable goods

152 131 139 3.3 2.8 3.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities

967 1,051 1,097 3.6 3.8 4.0

Wholesale trade

142 145 141 2.4 2.4 2.4

Retail trade

664 719 749 4.2 4.6 4.8

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

161 186 207 2.9 3.2 3.6

Information

69 74 85 2.5 2.7 3.1

Financial activities

214 171 204 2.5 2.0 2.4

Finance and insurance

126 103 121 2.0 1.6 1.9

Real estate and rental and leasing

88 68 82 4.1 3.1 3.7

Professional and business services

1,172 1,117 1,323 5.8 5.4 6.4

Education and health services

647 574 661 2.8 2.4 2.8

Educational services

66 55 63 1.7 1.4 1.6

Health care and social assistance

581 520 598 3.0 2.6 3.0

Leisure and hospitality

1,169 993 1,218 7.4 6.3 7.5

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

232 147 238 10.3 6.8 10.4

Accommodation and food services

936 845 980 6.9 6.2 7.1

Other services

252 193 239 4.4 3.3 4.1

Government

261 254 279 1.1 1.1 1.2

Federal

31 38 42 1.1 1.4 1.5

State and local

229 216 237 1.1 1.1 1.2

State and local education

77 80 84 0.7 0.7 0.8

State and local, excluding education

152 136 153 1.7 1.5 1.7

REGION(3)

Northeast

980 707 894 3.6 2.6 3.3

South

2,175 2,076 2,350 4.1 3.9 4.3

Midwest

1,258 1,163 1,348 3.9 3.6 4.1

West

1,219 1,192 1,398 3.6 3.5 4.1

Footnotes
(1) Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.
(2) The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
(3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary


Table 9. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
Apr.
2017
Mar.
2018
Apr.
2018(p)
Apr.
2017
Mar.
2018
Apr.
2018(p)

Total

4,911 4,716 5,245 3.4 3.2 3.5

INDUSTRY

Total private

4,675 4,486 4,991 3.8 3.6 4.0

Mining and logging

19 31 30 2.9 4.4 4.2

Construction

362 313 320 5.3 4.6 4.5

Manufacturing

317 322 333 2.6 2.6 2.6

Durable goods

165 186 193 2.1 2.4 2.4

Nondurable goods

153 136 140 3.3 2.9 3.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities

927 961 1,061 3.4 3.5 3.9

Wholesale trade

127 130 142 2.2 2.2 2.4

Retail trade

645 656 721 4.1 4.2 4.6

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

155 176 199 2.8 3.0 3.4

Information

77 67 84 2.8 2.4 3.0

Financial activities

205 161 206 2.4 1.9 2.4

Finance and insurance

126 102 132 2.0 1.6 2.1

Real estate and rental and leasing

79 59 74 3.7 2.7 3.4

Professional and business services

1,021 1,058 1,150 5.0 5.1 5.5

Education and health services

588 555 616 2.5 2.4 2.6

Educational services

68 59 66 1.8 1.5 1.7

Health care and social assistance

519 497 550 2.7 2.5 2.8

Leisure and hospitality

931 830 1,004 5.9 5.2 6.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

142 106 171 6.3 4.9 7.5

Accommodation and food services

789 724 834 5.8 5.3 6.0

Other services

227 185 187 3.9 3.2 3.2

Government

236 230 254 1.0 1.0 1.1

Federal

35 34 37 1.2 1.2 1.3

State and local

201 196 217 1.0 1.0 1.1

State and local education

83 80 97 0.8 0.7 0.9

State and local, excluding education

118 116 121 1.3 1.3 1.3

REGION(3)

Northeast

771 618 771 2.9 2.3 2.8

South

2,001 1,968 2,181 3.8 3.7 4.0

Midwest

1,004 999 1,050 3.1 3.1 3.2

West

1,134 1,130 1,243 3.4 3.3 3.6

Footnotes
(1) Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.
(2) The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
(3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary


Table 10. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
Apr.
2017
Mar.
2018
Apr.
2018(p)
Apr.
2017
Mar.
2018
Apr.
2018(p)

Total

3,051 3,102 3,335 2.1 2.1 2.2

INDUSTRY

Total private

2,927 2,971 3,186 2.4 2.4 2.5

Mining and logging

10 18 21 1.4 2.6 2.9

Construction

166 134 172 2.4 1.9 2.4

Manufacturing

190 201 208 1.5 1.6 1.6

Durable goods

103 120 121 1.3 1.5 1.5

Nondurable goods

88 81 87 1.9 1.7 1.8

Trade, transportation, and utilities

608 624 675 2.2 2.3 2.5

Wholesale trade

79 82 90 1.4 1.4 1.5

Retail trade

433 426 462 2.8 2.7 2.9

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

95 117 123 1.7 2.0 2.1

Information

37 38 49 1.3 1.4 1.8

Financial activities

123 101 99 1.5 1.2 1.2

Finance and insurance

81 62 47 1.3 1.0 0.7

Real estate and rental and leasing

43 39 52 2.0 1.7 2.3

Professional and business services

593 659 700 2.9 3.2 3.4

Education and health services

410 400 433 1.8 1.7 1.8

Educational services

42 31 43 1.1 0.8 1.1

Health care and social assistance

368 368 389 1.9 1.9 2.0

Leisure and hospitality

666 650 706 4.2 4.1 4.4

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

77 70 58 3.4 3.2 2.6

Accommodation and food services

590 581 648 4.3 4.3 4.7

Other services

123 145 124 2.1 2.5 2.1

Government

124 132 149 0.5 0.6 0.7

Federal

15 14 16 0.5 0.5 0.6

State and local

110 118 133 0.6 0.6 0.7

State and local education

46 49 58 0.4 0.4 0.5

State and local, excluding education

63 69 75 0.7 0.8 0.8

REGION(3)

Northeast

439 361 464 1.6 1.3 1.7

South

1,259 1,338 1,391 2.4 2.5 2.6

Midwest

609 651 692 1.9 2.0 2.1

West

744 753 788 2.2 2.2 2.3

Footnotes
(1) Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.
(2) The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
(3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary


Table 11. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
Apr.
2017
Mar.
2018
Apr.
2018(p)
Apr.
2017
Mar.
2018
Apr.
2018(p)

Total

1,530 1,260 1,580 1.0 0.9 1.1

INDUSTRY

Total private

1,468 1,211 1,526 1.2 1.0 1.2

Mining and logging

8 11 8 1.2 1.6 1.1

Construction

187 158 139 2.7 2.3 2.0

Manufacturing

105 100 103 0.8 0.8 0.8

Durable goods

48 54 60 0.6 0.7 0.8

Nondurable goods

57 46 43 1.2 1.0 0.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities

238 248 302 0.9 0.9 1.1

Wholesale trade

34 32 41 0.6 0.5 0.7

Retail trade

156 169 202 1.0 1.1 1.3

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

48 47 59 0.8 0.8 1.0

Information

28 25 30 1.0 0.9 1.1

Financial activities

51 37 78 0.6 0.4 0.9

Finance and insurance

23 24 57 0.4 0.4 0.9

Real estate and rental and leasing

28 13 21 1.3 0.6 0.9

Professional and business services

388 329 401 1.9 1.6 1.9

Education and health services

142 117 145 0.6 0.5 0.6

Educational services

24 20 18 0.6 0.5 0.5

Health care and social assistance

119 96 126 0.6 0.5 0.6

Leisure and hospitality

231 161 273 1.5 1.0 1.7

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

63 33 108 2.8 1.5 4.7

Accommodation and food services

169 128 164 1.2 0.9 1.2

Other services

90 25 47 1.6 0.4 0.8

Government

61 49 55 0.3 0.2 0.2

Federal

10 10 10 0.4 0.4 0.4

State and local

51 39 45 0.3 0.2 0.2

State and local education

20 19 24 0.2 0.2 0.2

State and local, excluding education

31 20 21 0.3 0.2 0.2

REGION(3)

Northeast

265 194 239 1.0 0.7 0.9

South

631 507 659 1.2 0.9 1.2

Midwest

327 279 304 1.0 0.9 0.9

West

307 280 379 0.9 0.8 1.1

Footnotes
(1) Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.
(2) The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
(3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary


Table 12. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
Apr.
2017
Mar.
2018
Apr.
2018(p)
Apr.
2017
Mar.
2018
Apr.
2018(p)

Total

330 354 330 0.2 0.2 0.2

INDUSTRY

Total private

280 305 280 0.2 0.2 0.2

Mining and logging

2 2 1 0.3 0.3 0.2

Construction

10 22 10 0.1 0.3 0.1

Manufacturing

23 21 22 0.2 0.2 0.2

Durable goods

14 12 12 0.2 0.2 0.1

Nondurable goods

8 9 10 0.2 0.2 0.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities

81 88 84 0.3 0.3 0.3

Wholesale trade

14 15 11 0.2 0.3 0.2

Retail trade

55 61 57 0.4 0.4 0.4

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

12 12 17 0.2 0.2 0.3

Information

12 4 5 0.4 0.1 0.2

Financial activities

31 23 29 0.4 0.3 0.3

Finance and insurance

23 16 28 0.4 0.3 0.4

Real estate and rental and leasing

8 7 2 0.4 0.3 0.1

Professional and business services

40 71 48 0.2 0.3 0.2

Education and health services

35 39 39 0.2 0.2 0.2

Educational services

2 7 5 0.1 0.2 0.1

Health care and social assistance

33 32 34 0.2 0.2 0.2

Leisure and hospitality

34 19 25 0.2 0.1 0.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

2 4 4 0.1 0.2 0.2

Accommodation and food services

31 15 21 0.2 0.1 0.2

Other services

13 16 16 0.2 0.3 0.3

Government

50 49 50 0.2 0.2 0.2

Federal

10 11 11 0.4 0.4 0.4

State and local

40 38 39 0.2 0.2 0.2

State and local education

17 12 15 0.2 0.1 0.1

State and local, excluding education

23 26 25 0.3 0.3 0.3

REGION(3)

Northeast

68 63 69 0.3 0.2 0.3

South

112 124 132 0.2 0.2 0.2

Midwest

67 70 53 0.2 0.2 0.2

West

84 97 76 0.2 0.3 0.2

Footnotes
(1) Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.
(2) The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
(3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.


Last Modified Date: July 06, 2018