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Economic News Release
PRINT:Print
JOLTS JLT Program Links

Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey News Release

For release 10:00 a.m. (ET) Tuesday, June 8, 2021	USDL-21-1017
Technical information:	(202) 691-5870  •  JoltsInfo@bls.gov  •  www.bls.gov/jlt
Media contact:		(202) 691-5902  •  PressOffice@bls.gov

                              JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – APRIL 2021

The number of job openings reached a series high of 9.3 million on the last business day of April, the 
U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Hires were little changed at 6.1 million. Total 
separations increased to 5.8 million. Within separations, the quits rate reached a series high of 2.7 
percent while the layoffs and discharges rate decreased to a series low of 1.0 percent. This release 
includes estimates of the number and rate of job openings, hires, and separations for the total nonfarm 
sector, by industry, by four geographic regions, and by establishment size class. 

Job Openings

On the last business day of April, the job openings level and rate increased to series highs of 9.3 million 
(+998,000) and 6.0 percent, respectively. The job openings series began in December 2000. Job 
openings increased in a number of industries with the largest increases in accommodation and food 
services (+349,000), other services (+115,000), and durable goods manufacturing (+78,000). The 
number of job openings decreased in educational services (-23,000) and in mining and logging (-8,000). 
The number of job openings increased in all four regions. (See table 1.)

Hires

In April, the number of hires changed little at 6.1 million. The hires rate was unchanged at 4.2 percent. 
Hires increased in accommodation and food services (+232,000) and in federal government (+10,000). 
Hires decreased in construction (-107,000), durable goods manufacturing (-37,000), and educational 
services (-32,000). The number of hires was little changed in all four regions. (See table 2.)

Separations

Total separations includes quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Quits are generally 
voluntary separations initiated by the employee. Therefore, the quits rate can serve as a measure of 
workers’ willingness or ability to leave jobs. Layoffs and discharges are involuntary separations initiated 
by the employer. Other separations includes separations due to retirement, death, disability, and transfers 
to other locations of the same firm.

In April, the number of total separations increased to 5.8 million (+324,000). The total separations rate 
was little changed at 4.0 percent. The total separations level increased in retail trade (+116,000) and in 
transportation, warehousing, and utilities (+60,000). Total separations increased in the West region. (See 
table 3.)

In April, the quits level and rate increased to series highs of 4.0 million and 2.7 percent, respectively. 
Quits increased in a number of industries with the largest increases in retail trade (+106,000), 
professional and business services (+94,000), and transportation, warehousing, and utilities (+49,000). 
The number of quits increased in the South, Midwest, and West regions. (See table 4.)

In April, the number and rate of layoffs and discharges were little changed at 1.4 million and 1.0 
percent, respectively. Both the number and rate reached new series lows. The number of layoffs and 
discharges decreased in finance and insurance (-24,000). Layoffs and discharges were little changed in 
all four regions. (See table 5.)

The number of other separations was little changed in April at 364,000. Other separations increased in 
transportation, warehousing, and utilities (+16,000) and in durable goods manufacturing (+7,000). The 
other separations level was little changed in all four regions. (See table 6.)

Net Change in Employment

Large numbers of hires and separations occur every month throughout the business cycle. Net 
employment change results from the relationship between hires and separations. When the number of 
hires exceeds the number of separations, employment rises, even if the hires level is steady or declining. 
Conversely, when the number of hires is less than the number of separations, employment declines, even 
if the hires level is steady or rising.

Over the 12 months ending in April, hires totaled 75.4 million and separations totaled 64.0 million, 
yielding a net employment gain of 11.3 million. These totals include workers who may have been hired 
and separated more than once during the year.

Establishment Size Class

In April, the job openings rate increased in small establishments with 10-49 employees and large 
establishments with 250-999 employees, 1,000-4,999 employees, and 5,000 or more employees. The 
total separations rate for large establishments with 250-999 employees increased in April. The quits rate 
increased in small establishments with 10-49 employees and large establishments of 250-999 
employees. The layoffs and discharges rate decreased in large establishments with 1,000-4,999 
employees. For a more in-depth description of the JOLTS establishment size class estimates, please visit 
www.bls.gov/jlt/sizeclassmethodology.htm.

_____________	
The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey estimates for May 2021 are scheduled to be 
released on Wednesday, July 7, 2021 at 10:00 a.m. (ET).

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
|			Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic Impact on April 2021				|
|			    Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey Data					|
|Data collection for the JOLTS survey was affected by the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. While 42 	|
|percent of data are usually collected by phone at the JOLTS data collection center, most phone 	|
|respondents were asked to report electronically. However, data collection was adversely impacted due to| 
|the inability to reach some respondents that normally respond by phone. The JOLTS response rate for 	|
|April was 44 percent, while response rates prior to the pandemic averaged 54 percent. 			|
|More information about the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the JOLTS survey, including 		|
|information about the JOLTS estimation methodology, is available at					| 
|www.bls.gov/covid19/job-openings-and-labor-turnover-covid19-april-2021.htm.				|
|_______________________________________________________________________________________________________|
   


Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted
Category Job openings Hires Total separations
Apr.
2020
Mar.
2021
Apr.
2021(p)
Apr.
2020
Mar.
2021
Apr.
2021(p)
Apr.
2020
Mar.
2021
Apr.
2021(p)

LEVELS BY INDUSTRY
(in thousands)


Total

4,630 8,288 9,286 3,942 6,006 6,075 11,782 5,436 5,760

Total private

3,996 7,446 8,374 3,718 5,646 5,728 11,255 5,100 5,422

Mining and logging

9 31 23 17 31 22 68 14 19

Construction

220 334 357 201 442 335 820 358 347

Manufacturing

279 749 851 350 434 396 856 402 417

Durable goods

148 393 471 201 255 218 542 229 237

Nondurable goods

131 356 380 149 180 178 314 172 180

Trade, transportation, and utilities

851 1,562 1,670 1,048 1,156 1,189 2,174 1,120 1,315

Wholesale trade

159 256 320 114 148 157 314 141 160

Retail trade

446 899 965 726 755 799 1,398 726 842

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

246 406 386 208 252 233 462 253 313

Information

126 102 110 37 94 96 213 89 86

Financial activities

247 346 430 166 209 209 312 198 189

Finance and insurance

188 264 310 125 132 141 114 132 136

Real estate and rental and leasing

59 82 120 41 77 67 199 66 53

Professional and business services

837 1,421 1,517 798 1,129 1,064 1,751 1,058 1,096

Education and health services

947 1,431 1,439 522 754 732 1,533 678 726

Educational services

89 144 121 66 114 82 316 80 92

Health care and social assistance

857 1,287 1,319 456 640 650 1,218 598 634

Leisure and hospitality

345 1,195 1,586 426 1,172 1,424 2,627 981 1,003

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

50 206 248 31 157 177 418 116 107

Accommodation and food services

295 989 1,338 395 1,015 1,247 2,210 865 896

Other services

134 275 390 152 226 262 899 203 223

Government

634 843 913 225 360 347 527 335 338

Federal

106 126 149 45 35 45 40 36 41

State and local

528 717 764 180 325 302 487 299 297

State and local education

183 267 286 101 162 156 239 149 150

State and local, excluding education

345 450 478 79 164 145 248 150 147




RATES BY INDUSTRY
(percent)


Total

3.4 5.4 6.0 3.0 4.2 4.2 9.1 3.8 4.0

Total private

3.6 5.7 6.4 3.4 4.6 4.7 10.4 4.2 4.4

Mining and logging

1.5 4.8 3.5 2.7 5.0 3.6 11.0 2.3 3.2

Construction

3.3 4.3 4.6 3.1 5.9 4.5 12.6 4.8 4.7

Manufacturing

2.4 5.7 6.5 3.1 3.5 3.2 7.5 3.3 3.4

Durable goods

2.1 4.9 5.8 2.9 3.3 2.9 7.7 3.0 3.1

Nondurable goods

2.9 7.1 7.5 3.4 3.9 3.8 7.2 3.7 3.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities

3.4 5.4 5.8 4.3 4.3 4.4 8.9 4.1 4.9

Wholesale trade

2.8 4.3 5.3 2.1 2.6 2.8 5.7 2.5 2.8

Retail trade

3.3 5.6 6.0 5.5 5.0 5.3 10.6 4.8 5.5

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

4.1 6.1 5.8 3.6 4.0 3.7 8.0 4.0 5.0

Information

4.6 3.7 3.9 1.4 3.5 3.6 8.1 3.3 3.2

Financial activities

2.8 3.8 4.7 1.9 2.4 2.4 3.6 2.3 2.1

Finance and insurance

2.8 3.9 4.5 1.9 2.0 2.2 1.8 2.0 2.1

Real estate and rental and leasing

2.7 3.5 5.0 1.9 3.4 3.0 9.4 2.9 2.4

Professional and business services

4.2 6.4 6.8 4.2 5.4 5.1 9.2 5.1 5.3

Education and health services

4.2 5.8 5.8 2.4 3.2 3.1 7.1 2.9 3.1

Educational services

2.7 4.0 3.4 2.0 3.3 2.4 9.7 2.3 2.7

Health care and social assistance

4.4 6.1 6.2 2.5 3.2 3.3 6.6 3.0 3.2

Leisure and hospitality

3.8 8.0 10.1 4.9 8.5 10.1 30.2 7.1 7.1

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

4.1 10.3 11.6 2.7 8.8 9.4 35.7 6.4 5.7

Accommodation and food services

3.8 7.7 9.9 5.2 8.5 10.2 29.4 7.2 7.4

Other services

2.9 4.7 6.5 3.4 4.1 4.7 19.9 3.7 4.0

Government

2.8 3.8 4.1 1.0 1.7 1.6 2.4 1.6 1.6

Federal

3.6 4.2 4.9 1.6 1.2 1.6 1.4 1.3 1.4

State and local

2.7 3.7 3.9 0.9 1.7 1.6 2.6 1.6 1.6

State and local education

1.8 2.7 2.9 1.0 1.7 1.6 2.4 1.5 1.5

State and local, excluding education

3.7 4.8 5.1 0.9 1.8 1.6 2.8 1.7 1.6

Footnotes
(p) Preliminary


Technical Note

Special technical note:  This technical note describes the procedures regularly used on a monthly basis to develop 
estimates from JOLTS survey responses. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, some of the procedures described in this technical 
note have been modified. The modifications are briefly described in the box note in the news release and are 
described in more detail at www.bls.gov/covid19/effects-of-covid-19-pandemic-on-job-openings-and-labor-turnover-data.htm.

This news release presents statistics from the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The JOLTS 
program provides information on labor demand and turnover. Additional information about the JOLTS program can 
be found at www.bls.gov/jlt/. Estimates are published for job openings, hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, 
other separations, and total separations. The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments, as well as 
federal, state, and local government entities in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Industries are classified in 
accordance with the North American Industry Classification System.

Definitions

Employment.  Employment includes persons on the payroll who worked or received pay for the pay period that 
includes the 12th day of the reference month. Full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term, seasonal, salaried, and 
hourly employees are included, as are employees on paid vacation or other paid leave. Proprietors or partners of 
unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, or employees on strike for the entire pay period, and employees 
on leave without pay for the entire pay period are not counted as employed. Employees of temporary help agencies, 
employee leasing companies, outside contractors, and consultants are counted by their employer of record, not by 
the establishment where they are working.

Job Openings.  Job openings include all positions that are open on the last business day of the reference month. 

A job is open only if it meets all three of these conditions: 
* A specific position exists and there is work available for that position. The position can be full-time or part-
time, and it can be permanent, short-term, or seasonal. 
* The job could start within 30 days, whether or not the employer can find a suitable candidate during that time. 
* The employer is actively recruiting workers from outside the establishment to fill the position. Active 
recruiting means that the establishment is taking steps to fill a position. It may include advertising in 
newspapers, on television, or on the radio; posting Internet notices, posting “help wanted” signs, 
networking or making “word-of-mouth” announcements; accepting applications; interviewing candidates; 
contacting employment agencies; or soliciting employees at job fairs, state or local employment offices, or 
similar sources.

Excluded are positions open only to internal transfers, promotions or demotions, or recall from layoffs. Also 
excluded are openings for positions with start dates more than 30 days in the future, positions for which employees 
have been hired but the employees have not yet reported for work, and positions to be filled by employees of 
temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The job openings rate is 
computed by dividing the number of job openings by the sum of employment and job openings and multiplying that 
quotient by 100.

Hires.  Hires include all additions to the payroll during the entire reference month, including newly hired and 
rehired employees; full-time and part-time employees; permanent, short-term, and seasonal employees; employees 
who were recalled to a job at the location following a layoff (formal suspension from pay status) lasting more than 7 
days; on-call or intermittent employees who returned to work after having been formally separated; workers who 
were hired and separated during the month, and transfers from other locations. Excluded are transfers or promotions 
within the reporting location, employees returning from strike, employees of temporary help agencies, employee 
leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The hires rate is computed by dividing the number of hires by 
employment and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Separations.  Separations include all separations from the payroll during the entire reference month and is 
reported by type of separation: quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Quits include employees who 
left voluntarily with the exception of retirements or transfers to other locations. Layoffs and discharges includes 
involuntary separations initiated by the employer including layoffs with no intent to rehire; layoffs (formal 
suspensions from pay status) lasting or expected to last more than 7 days; discharges resulting from mergers, 
downsizing, or closings; firings or other discharges for cause; terminations of permanent or short-term employees; 
and terminations of seasonal employees (whether or not they are expected to return the next season). Other 
separations include retirements, transfers to other locations, separations due to employee disability; and deaths. 
Excluded from separations are transfers within the same location; employees on strike; employees of temporary help 
agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The separations rate is computed by 
dividing the number of separations by employment and multiplying that quotient by 100. The quits, layoffs and 
discharges, and other separations rates are computed similarly.

Estimation Method

The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random sample of 20,700 nonfarm business and government 
establishments. The sample is stratified by ownership, region, industry sector, and establishment size class. The 
establishments are drawn from a universe of over 9.4 million establishments compiled by the Quarterly Census of 
Employment and Wages (QCEW) program which includes all employers subject to state unemployment insurance 
laws and federal agencies subject to the Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees program.

Employment estimates are benchmarked, or ratio adjusted, monthly to the strike-adjusted employment estimates 
of the Current Employment Statistics (CES) survey. A ratio of CES to JOLTS employment is used to adjust the 
levels for all other JOLTS data elements.

Birth/death model.  The time lag from the start up, or birth, of an establishment until its appearance on the 
sampling frame is approximately one year. Also within the first year, new businesses may go out of business, 
referred to as a death. Because not all births and deaths of establishments can be reflected on the sampling frame 
immediately, the JOLTS sample cannot capture job openings, hires, and separations from them during their early 
existence. BLS has developed a birth/death model that uses establishment birth and death activity from previous 
years. The estimates of job openings, hires, and separations produced by the birth/death model are added to the 
sample-based estimates produced from the survey to arrive at the estimates for job openings, hires, and separations.

Alignment.  The JOLTS figure for hires minus separations can be used to derive a measure of net employment 
change. This change should be comparable to the net employment change from the much larger CES survey. 
However, definitional differences as well as sampling and non- sampling errors between the two surveys historically 
caused JOLTS to diverge from CES over time. To limit the divergence, and improve the quality of the JOLTS hires 
and separations series, BLS implemented the monthly alignment method. There are four steps to this method: 
seasonally adjust, align, back out the seasonal adjustment factors, and re-seasonally adjust.

Seasonal adjustment.  BLS uses X-13 ARIMA for seasonal adjustment. A concurrent seasonal adjustment 
methodology is used in which new seasonal adjustment factors are calculated each month, using all relevant data, up 
to and including current month data. JOLTS seasonal adjustment includes both additive and multiplicative models 
and REGARIMA (regression with auto-correlated errors) modeling to improve the seasonal adjustment factors at the 
beginning and end of the series and to detect and adjust for outliers in the series. The seasonally adjusted CES 
employment trends are applied to the seasonally adjusted JOLTS implied employment trends (hires minus 
separations) forcing them to be approximately the same, while preserving the seasonality of the JOLTS data. 

Annual estimates.  The JOLTS estimates are revised annually to reflect annual updates to the CES employment 
estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors. The JOLTS employment levels (not published) are ratio-
adjusted to the CES employment levels, and the resulting ratios are applied to all JOLTS data elements. The 
seasonally adjusted data are recalculated for the most recent 5 years in order to reflect updated seasonal adjustment 
factors. These annual updates result in revisions to both the seasonally adjusted and not seasonally adjusted JOLTS 
data series, for the period since the last benchmark was established.

Annual levels for hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total separations are the sum of the 
12 published monthly levels. Annual rates are computed by dividing the annual level by the Current Employment 
Statistics (CES) annual average employment level, and multiplying that quotient by 100. This figure will be 
approximately equal to the sum of the 12 monthly rates. Consistent with BLS practice, annual estimates are 
published only for not seasonally adjusted data and are released with the January news release each year. Annual 
estimates are not calculated for job openings because job openings are a stock, or point-in-time, measurement for the 
last business day of each month.

Reliability of the estimates

JOLTS estimates are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. Nonsampling error occurs when a sample 
is surveyed rather than the entire population. There is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the true 
population values they represent. The difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the particular sample 
selected. This variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. BLS analysis is generally conducted at 
the 90-percent level of confidence. That means that there is a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that an 
estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value because of 
sampling error. Sampling error estimates are available at www.bls.gov/jlt/jolts_median_standard_errors.htm.

The JOLTS estimates also are affected by nonsampling error. Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons 
including: the failure to include a segment of the population; the inability to obtain data from all units in the sample; 
the inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide data on a timely basis; mistakes made by respondents; errors 
made in the collection or processing of the data; and errors from the employment benchmark data used in estimation.
Other information

Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 
(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.

Table 1. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
Apr.
2020
Dec.
2020
Jan.
2021
Feb.
2021
Mar.
2021
Apr.
2021(p)
Apr.
2020
Dec.
2020
Jan.
2021
Feb.
2021
Mar.
2021
Apr.
2021(p)

Total

4,630 6,752 7,099 7,526 8,288 9,286 3.4 4.5 4.7 5.0 5.4 6.0

INDUSTRY

Total private

3,996 6,094 6,380 6,868 7,446 8,374 3.6 4.8 5.0 5.3 5.7 6.4

Mining and logging

9 21 24 20 31 23 1.5 3.4 3.9 3.3 4.8 3.5

Construction

220 267 300 272 334 357 3.3 3.5 3.9 3.6 4.3 4.6

Manufacturing

279 479 537 572 749 851 2.4 3.8 4.2 4.5 5.7 6.5

Durable goods

148 271 308 298 393 471 2.1 3.4 3.9 3.8 4.9 5.8

Nondurable goods

131 209 228 273 356 380 2.9 4.3 4.7 5.6 7.1 7.5

Trade, transportation, and utilities

851 1,215 1,308 1,396 1,562 1,670 3.4 4.3 4.6 4.9 5.4 5.8

Wholesale trade

159 173 192 216 256 320 2.8 3.0 3.3 3.7 4.3 5.3

Retail trade

446 764 793 819 899 965 3.3 4.8 5.0 5.1 5.6 6.0

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

246 277 323 361 406 386 4.1 4.3 5.0 5.5 6.1 5.8

Information

126 109 129 109 102 110 4.6 3.9 4.6 3.9 3.7 3.9

Financial activities

247 295 306 303 346 430 2.8 3.3 3.4 3.3 3.8 4.7

Finance and insurance

188 231 226 229 264 310 2.8 3.4 3.3 3.4 3.9 4.5

Real estate and rental and leasing

59 65 80 74 82 120 2.7 2.8 3.5 3.2 3.5 5.0

Professional and business services

837 1,478 1,404 1,373 1,421 1,517 4.2 6.7 6.4 6.2 6.4 6.8

Education and health services

947 1,277 1,368 1,592 1,431 1,439 4.2 5.2 5.6 6.4 5.8 5.8

Educational services

89 90 148 105 144 121 2.7 2.6 4.2 3.0 4.0 3.4

Health care and social assistance

857 1,187 1,220 1,486 1,287 1,319 4.4 5.6 5.8 7.0 6.1 6.2

Leisure and hospitality

345 747 738 942 1,195 1,586 3.8 5.4 5.3 6.5 8.0 10.1

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

50 62 81 134 206 248 4.1 3.5 4.5 7.2 10.3 11.6

Accommodation and food services

295 685 657 808 989 1,338 3.8 5.7 5.4 6.4 7.7 9.9

Other services

134 205 265 289 275 390 2.9 3.6 4.6 5.0 4.7 6.5

Government

634 659 719 658 843 913 2.8 3.0 3.2 3.0 3.8 4.1

Federal

106 98 79 88 126 149 3.6 3.3 2.7 3.0 4.2 4.9

State and local

528 561 641 570 717 764 2.7 2.9 3.3 3.0 3.7 3.9

State and local education

183 217 294 175 267 286 1.8 2.2 2.9 1.8 2.7 2.9

State and local, excluding education

345 344 347 395 450 478 3.7 3.7 3.7 4.2 4.8 5.1

REGION(3)

Northeast

862 1,142 1,165 1,294 1,524 1,739 3.5 4.2 4.3 4.7 5.5 6.2

South

1,749 2,645 2,831 2,972 3,163 3,537 3.5 4.8 5.1 5.3 5.6 6.3

Midwest

977 1,465 1,520 1,593 1,783 2,052 3.4 4.5 4.7 4.9 5.4 6.2

West

1,042 1,501 1,583 1,667 1,818 1,959 3.3 4.3 4.5 4.7 5.1 5.5

Footnotes
(1) Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.
(2) The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings.
(3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary


Table 2. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
Apr.
2020
Dec.
2020
Jan.
2021
Feb.
2021
Mar.
2021
Apr.
2021(p)
Apr.
2020
Dec.
2020
Jan.
2021
Feb.
2021
Mar.
2021
Apr.
2021(p)

Total

3,942 5,411 5,465 5,794 6,006 6,075 3.0 3.8 3.8 4.0 4.2 4.2

INDUSTRY

Total private

3,718 5,072 5,102 5,490 5,646 5,728 3.4 4.2 4.2 4.5 4.6 4.7

Mining and logging

17 24 17 19 31 22 2.7 4.0 2.9 3.2 5.0 3.6

Construction

201 399 346 399 442 335 3.1 5.4 4.7 5.4 5.9 4.5

Manufacturing

350 398 351 393 434 396 3.1 3.3 2.9 3.2 3.5 3.2

Durable goods

201 224 192 218 255 218 2.9 2.9 2.5 2.9 3.3 2.9

Nondurable goods

149 174 159 175 180 178 3.4 3.8 3.4 3.8 3.9 3.8

Trade, transportation, and utilities

1,048 1,199 1,183 1,118 1,156 1,189 4.3 4.4 4.4 4.1 4.3 4.4

Wholesale trade

114 160 152 139 148 157 2.1 2.9 2.7 2.5 2.6 2.8

Retail trade

726 814 778 734 755 799 5.5 5.3 5.1 4.8 5.0 5.3

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

208 225 254 245 252 233 3.6 3.6 4.1 3.9 4.0 3.7

Information

37 72 77 88 94 96 1.4 2.7 2.9 3.3 3.5 3.6

Financial activities

166 212 202 199 209 209 1.9 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.4 2.4

Finance and insurance

125 134 126 131 132 141 1.9 2.0 1.9 2.0 2.0 2.2

Real estate and rental and leasing

41 78 76 68 77 67 1.9 3.5 3.4 3.0 3.4 3.0

Professional and business services

798 1,121 1,078 1,129 1,129 1,064 4.2 5.5 5.2 5.5 5.4 5.1

Education and health services

522 700 708 703 754 732 2.4 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.2 3.1

Educational services

66 67 110 86 114 82 2.0 2.0 3.3 2.5 3.3 2.4

Health care and social assistance

456 633 598 617 640 650 2.5 3.2 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3

Leisure and hospitality

426 758 928 1,194 1,172 1,424 4.9 5.8 7.1 8.8 8.5 10.1

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

31 60 120 135 157 177 2.7 3.5 7.1 7.8 8.8 9.4

Accommodation and food services

395 698 808 1,059 1,015 1,247 5.2 6.1 7.1 9.0 8.5 10.2

Other services

152 187 212 248 226 262 3.4 3.4 3.9 4.5 4.1 4.7

Government

225 339 363 304 360 347 1.0 1.6 1.7 1.4 1.7 1.6

Federal

45 47 32 37 35 45 1.6 1.6 1.1 1.3 1.2 1.6

State and local

180 292 331 267 325 302 0.9 1.6 1.8 1.4 1.7 1.6

State and local education

101 145 193 121 162 156 1.0 1.5 2.0 1.3 1.7 1.6

State and local, excluding education

79 147 137 146 164 145 0.9 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.8 1.6

REGION(3)

Northeast

558 867 867 967 997 1,004 2.4 3.3 3.3 3.7 3.8 3.8

South

1,487 2,156 2,054 2,184 2,295 2,359 3.1 4.1 3.9 4.2 4.3 4.5

Midwest

923 1,203 1,241 1,322 1,295 1,294 3.3 3.9 4.0 4.3 4.2 4.1

West

975 1,184 1,303 1,321 1,419 1,418 3.2 3.5 3.9 3.9 4.2 4.2

Footnotes
(1) Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.
(2) The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
(3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary


Table 3. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
Apr.
2020
Dec.
2020
Jan.
2021
Feb.
2021
Mar.
2021
Apr.
2021(p)
Apr.
2020
Dec.
2020
Jan.
2021
Feb.
2021
Mar.
2021
Apr.
2021(p)

Total

11,782 5,582 5,323 5,429 5,436 5,760 9.1 3.9 3.7 3.8 3.8 4.0

INDUSTRY

Total private

11,255 5,236 5,007 5,078 5,100 5,422 10.4 4.3 4.1 4.2 4.2 4.4

Mining and logging

68 19 17 22 14 19 11.0 3.1 2.8 3.7 2.3 3.2

Construction

820 352 338 426 358 347 12.6 4.8 4.6 5.8 4.8 4.7

Manufacturing

856 387 362 369 402 417 7.5 3.2 3.0 3.0 3.3 3.4

Durable goods

542 213 205 200 229 237 7.7 2.8 2.7 2.6 3.0 3.1

Nondurable goods

314 173 158 169 172 180 7.2 3.7 3.4 3.7 3.7 3.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities

2,174 1,123 1,197 1,118 1,120 1,315 8.9 4.1 4.4 4.1 4.1 4.9

Wholesale trade

314 151 136 139 141 160 5.7 2.7 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.8

Retail trade

1,398 737 718 746 726 842 10.6 4.8 4.7 4.9 4.8 5.5

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

462 235 343 233 253 313 8.0 3.8 5.5 3.7 4.0 5.0

Information

213 74 66 79 89 86 8.1 2.8 2.5 2.9 3.3 3.2

Financial activities

312 182 206 201 198 189 3.6 2.1 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.1

Finance and insurance

114 113 135 132 132 136 1.8 1.7 2.1 2.0 2.0 2.1

Real estate and rental and leasing

199 69 72 69 66 53 9.4 3.1 3.2 3.1 2.9 2.4

Professional and business services

1,751 1,007 1,003 1,062 1,058 1,096 9.2 4.9 4.9 5.1 5.1 5.3

Education and health services

1,533 681 681 670 678 726 7.1 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 3.1

Educational services

316 102 48 80 80 92 9.7 3.1 1.4 2.4 2.3 2.7

Health care and social assistance

1,218 579 632 590 598 634 6.6 2.9 3.2 3.0 3.0 3.2

Leisure and hospitality

2,627 1,221 933 904 981 1,003 30.2 9.3 7.1 6.7 7.1 7.1

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

418 173 136 126 116 107 35.7 10.1 8.0 7.3 6.4 5.7

Accommodation and food services

2,210 1,049 797 778 865 896 29.4 9.2 7.0 6.6 7.2 7.4

Other services

899 190 203 225 203 223 19.9 3.5 3.7 4.1 3.7 4.0

Government

527 346 316 351 335 338 2.4 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.6

Federal

40 50 59 40 36 41 1.4 1.7 2.0 1.4 1.3 1.4

State and local

487 296 257 311 299 297 2.6 1.6 1.4 1.7 1.6 1.6

State and local education

239 141 105 162 149 150 2.4 1.5 1.1 1.7 1.5 1.5

State and local, excluding education

248 155 152 149 150 147 2.8 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.6

REGION(3)

Northeast

2,276 858 794 836 815 809 9.6 3.3 3.1 3.2 3.1 3.1

South

3,901 2,186 2,128 2,154 2,197 2,302 8.2 4.2 4.1 4.1 4.2 4.3

Midwest

2,563 1,166 1,111 1,200 1,200 1,239 9.1 3.8 3.6 3.9 3.9 4.0

West

3,042 1,372 1,290 1,240 1,223 1,410 10.0 4.1 3.9 3.7 3.6 4.2

Footnotes
(1) Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.
(2) The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
(3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary


Table 4. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
Apr.
2020
Dec.
2020
Jan.
2021
Feb.
2021
Mar.
2021
Apr.
2021(p)
Apr.
2020
Dec.
2020
Jan.
2021
Feb.
2021
Mar.
2021
Apr.
2021(p)

Total

2,107 3,407 3,306 3,383 3,568 3,952 1.6 2.4 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.7

INDUSTRY

Total private

1,941 3,224 3,140 3,184 3,387 3,763 1.8 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.8 3.1

Mining and logging

5 9 8 12 9 11 0.9 1.6 1.3 2.1 1.5 1.8

Construction

89 161 139 168 198 176 1.4 2.2 1.9 2.3 2.7 2.4

Manufacturing

109 240 251 258 262 284 1.0 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.3

Durable goods

45 135 142 140 150 153 0.6 1.8 1.9 1.8 2.0 2.0

Nondurable goods

64 105 109 118 113 130 1.5 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.4 2.8

Trade, transportation, and utilities

444 816 755 753 787 957 1.8 3.0 2.8 2.8 2.9 3.5

Wholesale trade

54 97 71 82 89 104 1.0 1.7 1.3 1.4 1.6 1.8

Retail trade

296 549 539 542 543 649 2.2 3.6 3.5 3.6 3.6 4.3

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

95 170 145 129 155 204 1.6 2.7 2.3 2.1 2.5 3.3

Information

41 39 37 40 57 51 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.5 2.1 1.9

Financial activities

68 108 148 132 122 134 0.8 1.2 1.7 1.5 1.4 1.5

Finance and insurance

51 69 106 85 80 101 0.8 1.1 1.6 1.3 1.2 1.5

Real estate and rental and leasing

17 38 42 47 42 33 0.8 1.7 1.9 2.1 1.9 1.5

Professional and business services

432 581 580 604 613 707 2.3 2.8 2.8 2.9 2.9 3.4

Education and health services

392 471 469 458 507 559 1.8 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.2 2.4

Educational services

45 52 25 44 46 56 1.4 1.6 0.7 1.3 1.3 1.6

Health care and social assistance

347 419 443 413 460 504 1.9 2.1 2.2 2.1 2.3 2.5

Leisure and hospitality

316 687 641 625 703 741 3.6 5.2 4.9 4.6 5.1 5.3

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

28 71 64 51 52 60 2.4 4.2 3.8 3.0 2.9 3.2

Accommodation and food services

288 616 577 574 650 681 3.8 5.4 5.1 4.9 5.4 5.6

Other services

44 113 114 134 129 143 1.0 2.1 2.1 2.4 2.3 2.6

Government

166 183 166 199 181 189 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.9

Federal

16 21 26 19 16 19 0.6 0.7 0.9 0.6 0.6 0.7

State and local

150 162 140 181 164 169 0.8 0.9 0.7 1.0 0.9 0.9

State and local education

85 81 62 98 84 87 0.8 0.8 0.6 1.0 0.9 0.9

State and local, excluding education

66 81 78 83 80 83 0.7 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9

REGION(3)

Northeast

308 436 432 456 491 502 1.3 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.9 1.9

South

879 1,465 1,427 1,406 1,505 1,633 1.8 2.8 2.7 2.7 2.8 3.1

Midwest

472 761 727 749 780 860 1.7 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.5 2.8

West

447 746 719 772 792 957 1.5 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.8

Footnotes
(1) Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.
(2) The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
(3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary


Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
Apr.
2020
Dec.
2020
Jan.
2021
Feb.
2021
Mar.
2021
Apr.
2021(p)
Apr.
2020
Dec.
2020
Jan.
2021
Feb.
2021
Mar.
2021
Apr.
2021(p)

Total

9,307 1,823 1,724 1,723 1,525 1,444 7.2 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.0

INDUSTRY

Total private

9,026 1,734 1,634 1,636 1,433 1,354 8.3 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.1

Mining and logging

61 9 7 8 4 7 9.8 1.5 1.2 1.4 0.6 1.1

Construction

713 183 187 243 149 156 10.9 2.5 2.5 3.3 2.0 2.1

Manufacturing

724 120 90 86 119 104 6.3 1.0 0.7 0.7 1.0 0.8

Durable goods

483 64 48 45 65 62 6.8 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.8

Nondurable goods

242 56 42 41 54 42 5.6 1.2 0.9 0.9 1.2 0.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities

1,693 243 414 319 279 276 6.9 0.9 1.5 1.2 1.0 1.0

Wholesale trade

257 40 61 46 41 44 4.7 0.7 1.1 0.8 0.7 0.8

Retail trade

1,086 156 164 182 148 145 8.2 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.0 1.0

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

350 46 189 91 90 87 6.0 0.7 3.0 1.5 1.4 1.4

Information

166 30 22 27 27 27 6.3 1.1 0.8 1.0 1.0 1.0

Financial activities

233 50 32 53 63 33 2.7 0.6 0.4 0.6 0.7 0.4

Finance and insurance

57 23 13 32 40 16 0.9 0.3 0.2 0.5 0.6 0.2

Real estate and rental and leasing

176 27 19 21 23 16 8.3 1.2 0.9 1.0 1.0 0.7

Professional and business services

1,205 359 372 398 357 313 6.3 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.7 1.5

Education and health services

1,088 168 160 173 130 133 5.0 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6

Educational services

264 41 21 31 29 30 8.1 1.2 0.6 0.9 0.8 0.9

Health care and social assistance

824 126 139 142 102 102 4.5 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.5 0.5

Leisure and hospitality

2,294 506 267 248 244 233 26.4 3.9 2.0 1.8 1.8 1.7

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

387 98 70 72 61 44 33.1 5.7 4.1 4.2 3.4 2.3

Accommodation and food services

1,906 409 197 176 182 188 25.3 3.6 1.7 1.5 1.5 1.5

Other services

847 66 84 81 61 74 18.7 1.2 1.5 1.5 1.1 1.3

Government

281 89 89 86 92 90 1.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4

Federal

12 12 18 11 9 10 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.3

State and local

269 77 71 75 83 80 1.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4

State and local education

118 31 24 36 42 41 1.2 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.4 0.4

State and local, excluding education

151 46 47 39 41 39 1.7 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.4

REGION(3)

Northeast

1,912 356 309 323 263 244 8.1 1.4 1.2 1.2 1.0 0.9

South

2,906 576 598 619 562 540 6.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.0

Midwest

1,985 338 328 382 349 302 7.0 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.0

West

2,504 554 488 399 351 358 8.2 1.7 1.5 1.2 1.0 1.1

Footnotes
(1) Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.
(2) The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
(3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary


Table 6. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
Apr.
2020
Dec.
2020
Jan.
2021
Feb.
2021
Mar.
2021
Apr.
2021(p)
Apr.
2020
Dec.
2020
Jan.
2021
Feb.
2021
Mar.
2021
Apr.
2021(p)

Total

368 352 294 323 343 364 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3

INDUSTRY

Total private

288 278 233 257 280 305 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Mining and logging

2 1 2 1 1 1 0.3 0.1 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.2

Construction

17 7 13 15 10 15 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2

Manufacturing

23 27 22 26 21 29 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Durable goods

14 14 15 15 15 22 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3

Nondurable goods

8 12 7 11 6 7 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities

37 64 28 46 53 82 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3

Wholesale trade

3 13 4 11 11 12 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2

Retail trade

16 32 15 23 35 47 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.3

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

18 19 10 13 7 23 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.4

Information

6 4 7 12 4 9 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.3

Financial activities

11 24 27 17 13 22 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3

Finance and insurance

6 21 16 15 13 18 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3

Real estate and rental and leasing

5 3 10 1 1 4 0.2 0.1 0.5 0.1 0.0 0.2

Professional and business services

114 67 51 60 89 76 0.6 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.4

Education and health services

53 43 52 40 41 34 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1

Educational services

7 9 2 5 5 6 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2

Health care and social assistance

46 34 50 35 36 28 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.1

Leisure and hospitality

18 28 25 31 35 29 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

3 3 2 3 2 3 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2

Accommodation and food services

15 24 23 28 33 26 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2

Other services

7 12 6 10 13 6 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1

Government

80 74 61 66 63 59 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

Federal

12 17 15 11 11 12 0.4 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4

State and local

68 57 46 55 51 47 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3

State and local education

37 29 19 27 23 22 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2

State and local, excluding education

31 28 27 28 28 25 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

REGION(3)

Northeast

56 66 53 56 62 64 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

South

116 146 103 129 129 129 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Midwest

105 67 55 69 71 77 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

West

91 72 83 69 80 94 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3

Footnotes
(1) Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.
(2) The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment..
(3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.


Table 7. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
Apr.
2020
Mar.
2021
Apr.
2021(p)
Apr.
2020
Mar.
2021
Apr.
2021(p)

Total

5,163 8,366 9,982 3.8 5.5 6.5

INDUSTRY

Total private

4,518 7,492 9,035 4.0 5.8 6.9

Mining and logging

11 31 25 1.8 4.8 3.8

Construction

233 354 384 3.5 4.7 4.9

Manufacturing

295 751 874 2.5 5.8 6.7

Durable goods

157 393 479 2.2 4.9 5.9

Nondurable goods

138 358 395 3.1 7.2 7.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities

850 1,520 1,728 3.4 5.3 6.0

Wholesale trade

167 256 335 3.0 4.4 5.6

Retail trade

423 835 982 3.1 5.3 6.1

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

260 429 411 4.4 6.4 6.3

Information

132 94 116 4.8 3.4 4.1

Financial activities

303 334 490 3.4 3.7 5.3

Finance and insurance

225 256 351 3.4 3.8 5.1

Real estate and rental and leasing

77 78 139 3.5 3.4 5.8

Professional and business services

906 1,446 1,603 4.5 6.6 7.2

Education and health services

1,106 1,434 1,628 4.8 5.7 6.5

Educational services

96 141 129 2.7 3.8 3.4

Health care and social assistance

1,011 1,293 1,499 5.2 6.1 7.0

Leisure and hospitality

528 1,241 1,774 5.8 8.5 11.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

95 222 304 7.7 11.7 14.2

Accommodation and food services

433 1,019 1,470 5.5 8.0 10.8

Other services

153 288 414 3.3 5.0 6.9

Government

645 874 947 2.8 3.8 4.1

Federal

114 139 158 3.8 4.6 5.2

State and local

531 735 789 2.7 3.7 4.0

State and local education

177 270 296 1.7 2.6 2.8

State and local, excluding education

354 465 493 3.8 5.0 5.3

REGION(3)

Northeast

928 1,519 1,811 3.7 5.5 6.4

South

1,959 3,208 3,790 3.9 5.7 6.7

Midwest

1,087 1,806 2,179 3.7 5.5 6.5

West

1,189 1,833 2,202 3.8 5.2 6.1

Footnotes
(1) Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.
(2) The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings.
(3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary


Table 8. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
Apr.
2020
Mar.
2021
Apr.
2021(p)
Apr.
2020
Mar.
2021
Apr.
2021(p)

Total

4,263 5,617 6,495 3.3 3.9 4.5

INDUSTRY

Total private

4,107 5,337 6,216 3.8 4.4 5.1

Mining and logging

20 33 24 3.3 5.5 3.9

Construction

338 425 456 5.2 5.9 6.2

Manufacturing

359 419 403 3.2 3.4 3.3

Durable goods

206 248 222 2.9 3.2 2.9

Nondurable goods

153 172 181 3.5 3.7 3.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities

1,014 1,064 1,159 4.2 4.0 4.3

Wholesale trade

122 148 169 2.2 2.6 3.0

Retail trade

716 710 804 5.5 4.7 5.3

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

175 206 186 3.1 3.3 3.0

Information

35 89 96 1.3 3.3 3.6

Financial activities

175 189 213 2.0 2.2 2.4

Finance and insurance

119 119 135 1.8 1.8 2.1

Real estate and rental and leasing

56 69 78 2.7 3.1 3.5

Professional and business services

913 1,076 1,159 4.8 5.2 5.6

Education and health services

513 704 738 2.3 3.0 3.1

Educational services

47 78 60 1.4 2.2 1.7

Health care and social assistance

466 626 679 2.5 3.1 3.4

Leisure and hospitality

557 1,145 1,662 6.4 8.5 11.9

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

47 164 290 4.1 9.8 15.7

Accommodation and food services

510 980 1,372 6.8 8.3 11.3

Other services

182 192 305 4.0 3.5 5.5

Government

156 280 279 0.7 1.3 1.3

Federal

43 32 44 1.5 1.1 1.5

State and local

113 248 235 0.6 1.3 1.2

State and local education

31 103 88 0.3 1.0 0.9

State and local, excluding education

82 145 148 0.9 1.6 1.7

REGION(3)

Northeast

641 922 1,116 2.7 3.5 4.2

South

1,556 2,152 2,467 3.3 4.1 4.7

Midwest

1,012 1,236 1,391 3.6 4.0 4.4

West

1,054 1,307 1,521 3.5 3.9 4.5

Footnotes
(1) Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.
(2) The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
(3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary


Table 9. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
Apr.
2020
Mar.
2021
Apr.
2021(p)
Apr.
2020
Mar.
2021
Apr.
2021(p)

Total

11,616 4,745 5,602 8.9 3.3 3.9

INDUSTRY

Total private

11,188 4,521 5,373 10.4 3.7 4.4

Mining and logging

68 13 20 11.1 2.1 3.3

Construction

796 312 320 12.3 4.3 4.3

Manufacturing

859 394 430 7.6 3.2 3.5

Durable goods

548 228 251 7.8 3.0 3.3

Nondurable goods

311 166 179 7.2 3.6 3.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities

2,118 981 1,243 8.7 3.6 4.6

Wholesale trade

314 134 162 5.7 2.4 2.9

Retail trade

1,369 627 805 10.4 4.2 5.3

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

434 220 276 7.6 3.5 4.5

Information

216 81 93 8.2 3.0 3.4

Financial activities

332 171 206 3.9 2.0 2.3

Finance and insurance

127 118 149 2.0 1.8 2.3

Real estate and rental and leasing

206 53 57 9.8 2.4 2.5

Professional and business services

1,768 978 1,117 9.3 4.8 5.4

Education and health services

1,520 617 708 6.9 2.6 3.0

Educational services

293 41 71 8.6 1.1 2.0

Health care and social assistance

1,226 576 637 6.6 2.9 3.2

Leisure and hospitality

2,615 804 1,003 30.2 6.0 7.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

402 57 74 35.1 3.4 4.0

Accommodation and food services

2,213 748 929 29.5 6.4 7.6

Other services

897 170 233 19.8 3.1 4.2

Government

428 224 229 1.9 1.0 1.0

Federal

35 31 35 1.2 1.1 1.2

State and local

393 193 194 2.0 1.0 1.0

State and local education

173 67 75 1.7 0.7 0.7

State and local, excluding education

220 126 119 2.5 1.4 1.3

REGION(3)

Northeast

2,236 662 763 9.4 2.5 2.9

South

3,870 1,973 2,299 8.1 3.8 4.3

Midwest

2,463 1,042 1,140 8.7 3.4 3.6

West

3,047 1,067 1,400 10.0 3.2 4.1

Footnotes
(1) Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.
(2) The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
(3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary


Table 10. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
Apr.
2020
Mar.
2021
Apr.
2021(p)
Apr.
2020
Mar.
2021
Apr.
2021(p)

Total

2,098 3,296 4,023 1.6 2.3 2.8

INDUSTRY

Total private

1,972 3,162 3,880 1.8 2.6 3.2

Mining and logging

6 8 13 1.0 1.3 2.1

Construction

89 181 178 1.4 2.5 2.4

Manufacturing

115 262 300 1.0 2.1 2.4

Durable goods

54 152 169 0.8 2.0 2.2

Nondurable goods

61 110 131 1.4 2.4 2.8

Trade, transportation, and utilities

444 748 959 1.8 2.8 3.6

Wholesale trade

61 90 113 1.1 1.6 2.0

Retail trade

285 505 639 2.2 3.4 4.2

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

97 153 207 1.7 2.5 3.4

Information

42 53 54 1.6 2.0 2.0

Financial activities

79 105 147 0.9 1.2 1.7

Finance and insurance

55 69 108 0.8 1.1 1.7

Real estate and rental and leasing

24 36 39 1.2 1.6 1.7

Professional and business services

442 567 726 2.3 2.8 3.5

Education and health services

385 483 564 1.8 2.1 2.4

Educational services

35 28 48 1.0 0.8 1.3

Health care and social assistance

350 454 516 1.9 2.3 2.6

Leisure and hospitality

321 627 780 3.7 4.7 5.6

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

15 38 48 1.3 2.3 2.6

Accommodation and food services

306 589 732 4.1 5.0 6.0

Other services

49 128 159 1.1 2.3 2.9

Government

126 134 143 0.6 0.6 0.7

Federal

15 15 18 0.5 0.5 0.6

State and local

111 119 125 0.6 0.6 0.7

State and local education

50 42 46 0.5 0.4 0.4

State and local, excluding education

61 77 80 0.7 0.9 0.9

REGION(3)

Northeast

302 449 515 1.3 1.7 2.0

South

901 1,401 1,710 1.9 2.7 3.2

Midwest

446 721 839 1.6 2.3 2.7

West

449 725 959 1.5 2.2 2.8

Footnotes
(1) Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.
(2) The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
(3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary


Table 11. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
Apr.
2020
Mar.
2021
Apr.
2021(p)
Apr.
2020
Mar.
2021
Apr.
2021(p)

Total

9,160 1,132 1,221 7.0 0.8 0.8

INDUSTRY

Total private

8,924 1,090 1,178 8.3 0.9 1.0

Mining and logging

60 4 6 9.8 0.7 1.0

Construction

689 117 125 10.7 1.6 1.7

Manufacturing

720 111 100 6.3 0.9 0.8

Durable goods

479 62 59 6.8 0.8 0.8

Nondurable goods

241 49 41 5.6 1.1 0.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities

1,637 187 199 6.7 0.7 0.7

Wholesale trade

250 33 36 4.6 0.6 0.6

Retail trade

1,068 96 118 8.1 0.6 0.8

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

319 58 45 5.6 0.9 0.7

Information

166 24 27 6.3 0.9 1.0

Financial activities

237 55 31 2.8 0.6 0.3

Finance and insurance

61 39 18 0.9 0.6 0.3

Real estate and rental and leasing

175 16 12 8.3 0.7 0.5

Professional and business services

1,219 319 319 6.4 1.6 1.5

Education and health services

1,080 98 110 4.9 0.4 0.5

Educational services

253 10 18 7.4 0.3 0.5

Health care and social assistance

827 88 91 4.5 0.4 0.5

Leisure and hospitality

2,276 147 195 26.3 1.1 1.4

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

385 17 24 33.7 1.0 1.3

Accommodation and food services

1,891 130 170 25.2 1.1 1.4

Other services

841 28 68 18.6 0.5 1.2

Government

235 41 43 1.1 0.2 0.2

Federal

10 6 7 0.3 0.2 0.2

State and local

226 35 36 1.2 0.2 0.2

State and local education

95 14 19 0.9 0.1 0.2

State and local, excluding education

131 21 17 1.5 0.2 0.2

REGION(3)

Northeast

1,874 160 179 7.8 0.6 0.7

South

2,865 459 474 6.0 0.9 0.9

Midwest

1,926 257 231 6.8 0.8 0.7

West

2,495 256 337 8.2 0.8 1.0

Footnotes
(1) Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.
(2) The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
(3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary


Table 12. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
Apr.
2020
Mar.
2021
Apr.
2021(p)
Apr.
2020
Mar.
2021
Apr.
2021(p)

Total

359 317 357 0.3 0.2 0.2

INDUSTRY

Total private

292 269 314 0.3 0.2 0.3

Mining and logging

1 1 1 0.2 0.1 0.2

Construction

18 13 17 0.3 0.2 0.2

Manufacturing

23 21 30 0.2 0.2 0.2

Durable goods

15 14 23 0.2 0.2 0.3

Nondurable goods

9 7 7 0.2 0.1 0.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities

37 46 85 0.2 0.2 0.3

Wholesale trade

3 10 13 0.0 0.2 0.2

Retail trade

16 27 48 0.1 0.2 0.3

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

19 8 24 0.3 0.1 0.4

Information

7 5 11 0.3 0.2 0.4

Financial activities

17 11 28 0.2 0.1 0.3

Finance and insurance

11 10 23 0.2 0.2 0.3

Real estate and rental and leasing

6 1 6 0.3 0.0 0.2

Professional and business services

108 92 72 0.6 0.4 0.3

Education and health services

55 36 34 0.3 0.2 0.1

Educational services

5 3 4 0.1 0.1 0.1

Health care and social assistance

50 34 30 0.3 0.2 0.1

Leisure and hospitality

18 30 29 0.2 0.2 0.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

2 1 2 0.2 0.1 0.1

Accommodation and food services

16 29 27 0.2 0.2 0.2

Other services

7 13 7 0.2 0.2 0.1

Government

67 49 43 0.3 0.2 0.2

Federal

10 9 10 0.4 0.3 0.4

State and local

56 39 33 0.3 0.2 0.2

State and local education

28 11 11 0.3 0.1 0.1

State and local, excluding education

28 28 21 0.3 0.3 0.2

REGION(3)

Northeast

58 53 69 0.2 0.2 0.3

South

106 114 115 0.2 0.2 0.2

Midwest

93 65 70 0.3 0.2 0.2

West

102 85 104 0.3 0.3 0.3

Footnotes
(1) Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.
(2) The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
(3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.


Last Modified Date: June 08, 2021