For release 10:00 a.m. (ET) Tuesday, June 8, 2021	USDL-21-1017
Technical information:	(202) 691-5870  •  JoltsInfo@bls.gov  •  www.bls.gov/jlt
Media contact:		(202) 691-5902  •  PressOffice@bls.gov

                              JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – APRIL 2021

The number of job openings reached a series high of 9.3 million on the last business day of April, the 
U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Hires were little changed at 6.1 million. Total 
separations increased to 5.8 million. Within separations, the quits rate reached a series high of 2.7 
percent while the layoffs and discharges rate decreased to a series low of 1.0 percent. This release 
includes estimates of the number and rate of job openings, hires, and separations for the total nonfarm 
sector, by industry, by four geographic regions, and by establishment size class. 

Job Openings

On the last business day of April, the job openings level and rate increased to series highs of 9.3 million 
(+998,000) and 6.0 percent, respectively. The job openings series began in December 2000. Job 
openings increased in a number of industries with the largest increases in accommodation and food 
services (+349,000), other services (+115,000), and durable goods manufacturing (+78,000). The 
number of job openings decreased in educational services (-23,000) and in mining and logging (-8,000). 
The number of job openings increased in all four regions. (See table 1.)

Hires

In April, the number of hires changed little at 6.1 million. The hires rate was unchanged at 4.2 percent. 
Hires increased in accommodation and food services (+232,000) and in federal government (+10,000). 
Hires decreased in construction (-107,000), durable goods manufacturing (-37,000), and educational 
services (-32,000). The number of hires was little changed in all four regions. (See table 2.)

Separations

Total separations includes quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Quits are generally 
voluntary separations initiated by the employee. Therefore, the quits rate can serve as a measure of 
workers’ willingness or ability to leave jobs. Layoffs and discharges are involuntary separations initiated 
by the employer. Other separations includes separations due to retirement, death, disability, and transfers 
to other locations of the same firm.

In April, the number of total separations increased to 5.8 million (+324,000). The total separations rate 
was little changed at 4.0 percent. The total separations level increased in retail trade (+116,000) and in 
transportation, warehousing, and utilities (+60,000). Total separations increased in the West region. (See 
table 3.)

In April, the quits level and rate increased to series highs of 4.0 million and 2.7 percent, respectively. 
Quits increased in a number of industries with the largest increases in retail trade (+106,000), 
professional and business services (+94,000), and transportation, warehousing, and utilities (+49,000). 
The number of quits increased in the South, Midwest, and West regions. (See table 4.)

In April, the number and rate of layoffs and discharges were little changed at 1.4 million and 1.0 
percent, respectively. Both the number and rate reached new series lows. The number of layoffs and 
discharges decreased in finance and insurance (-24,000). Layoffs and discharges were little changed in 
all four regions. (See table 5.)

The number of other separations was little changed in April at 364,000. Other separations increased in 
transportation, warehousing, and utilities (+16,000) and in durable goods manufacturing (+7,000). The 
other separations level was little changed in all four regions. (See table 6.)

Net Change in Employment

Large numbers of hires and separations occur every month throughout the business cycle. Net 
employment change results from the relationship between hires and separations. When the number of 
hires exceeds the number of separations, employment rises, even if the hires level is steady or declining. 
Conversely, when the number of hires is less than the number of separations, employment declines, even 
if the hires level is steady or rising.

Over the 12 months ending in April, hires totaled 75.4 million and separations totaled 64.0 million, 
yielding a net employment gain of 11.3 million. These totals include workers who may have been hired 
and separated more than once during the year.

Establishment Size Class

In April, the job openings rate increased in small establishments with 10-49 employees and large 
establishments with 250-999 employees, 1,000-4,999 employees, and 5,000 or more employees. The 
total separations rate for large establishments with 250-999 employees increased in April. The quits rate 
increased in small establishments with 10-49 employees and large establishments of 250-999 
employees. The layoffs and discharges rate decreased in large establishments with 1,000-4,999 
employees. For a more in-depth description of the JOLTS establishment size class estimates, please visit 
www.bls.gov/jlt/sizeclassmethodology.htm.

_____________	
The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey estimates for May 2021 are scheduled to be 
released on Wednesday, July 7, 2021 at 10:00 a.m. (ET).

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
|			Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic Impact on April 2021				|
|			    Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey Data					|
|Data collection for the JOLTS survey was affected by the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. While 42 	|
|percent of data are usually collected by phone at the JOLTS data collection center, most phone 	|
|respondents were asked to report electronically. However, data collection was adversely impacted due to| 
|the inability to reach some respondents that normally respond by phone. The JOLTS response rate for 	|
|April was 44 percent, while response rates prior to the pandemic averaged 54 percent. 			|
|More information about the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the JOLTS survey, including 		|
|information about the JOLTS estimation methodology, is available at					| 
|www.bls.gov/covid19/job-openings-and-labor-turnover-covid19-april-2021.htm.				|
|_______________________________________________________________________________________________________|
   

Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted

Category	Job openings			Hires			Total separations
	Apr. 2020	Mar. 2021	Apr. 2021(p)	Apr. 2020	Mar. 2021	Apr. 2021(p)	Apr. 2020	Mar. 2021	Apr. 2021(p)
LEVELS BY INDUSTRY (in thousands)
Total	4,630	8,288	9,286	3,942	6,006	6,075	11,782	5,436	5,760
Total private	3,996	7,446	8,374	3,718	5,646	5,728	11,255	5,100	5,422
Mining and logging	9	31	23	17	31	22	68	14	19
Construction	220	334	357	201	442	335	820	358	347
Manufacturing	279	749	851	350	434	396	856	402	417
Durable goods	148	393	471	201	255	218	542	229	237
Nondurable goods	131	356	380	149	180	178	314	172	180
Trade, transportation, and utilities	851	1,562	1,670	1,048	1,156	1,189	2,174	1,120	1,315
Wholesale trade	159	256	320	114	148	157	314	141	160
Retail trade	446	899	965	726	755	799	1,398	726	842
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	246	406	386	208	252	233	462	253	313
Information	126	102	110	37	94	96	213	89	86
Financial activities	247	346	430	166	209	209	312	198	189
Finance and insurance	188	264	310	125	132	141	114	132	136
Real estate and rental and leasing	59	82	120	41	77	67	199	66	53
Professional and business services	837	1,421	1,517	798	1,129	1,064	1,751	1,058	1,096
Education and health services	947	1,431	1,439	522	754	732	1,533	678	726
Educational services	89	144	121	66	114	82	316	80	92
Health care and social assistance	857	1,287	1,319	456	640	650	1,218	598	634
Leisure and hospitality	345	1,195	1,586	426	1,172	1,424	2,627	981	1,003
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	50	206	248	31	157	177	418	116	107
Accommodation and food services	295	989	1,338	395	1,015	1,247	2,210	865	896
Other services	134	275	390	152	226	262	899	203	223
Government	634	843	913	225	360	347	527	335	338
Federal	106	126	149	45	35	45	40	36	41
State and local	528	717	764	180	325	302	487	299	297
State and local education	183	267	286	101	162	156	239	149	150
State and local, excluding education	345	450	478	79	164	145	248	150	147
RATES BY INDUSTRY (percent)
Total	3.4	5.4	6.0	3.0	4.2	4.2	9.1	3.8	4.0
Total private	3.6	5.7	6.4	3.4	4.6	4.7	10.4	4.2	4.4
Mining and logging	1.5	4.8	3.5	2.7	5.0	3.6	11.0	2.3	3.2
Construction	3.3	4.3	4.6	3.1	5.9	4.5	12.6	4.8	4.7
Manufacturing	2.4	5.7	6.5	3.1	3.5	3.2	7.5	3.3	3.4
Durable goods	2.1	4.9	5.8	2.9	3.3	2.9	7.7	3.0	3.1
Nondurable goods	2.9	7.1	7.5	3.4	3.9	3.8	7.2	3.7	3.9
Trade, transportation, and utilities	3.4	5.4	5.8	4.3	4.3	4.4	8.9	4.1	4.9
Wholesale trade	2.8	4.3	5.3	2.1	2.6	2.8	5.7	2.5	2.8
Retail trade	3.3	5.6	6.0	5.5	5.0	5.3	10.6	4.8	5.5
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	4.1	6.1	5.8	3.6	4.0	3.7	8.0	4.0	5.0
Information	4.6	3.7	3.9	1.4	3.5	3.6	8.1	3.3	3.2
Financial activities	2.8	3.8	4.7	1.9	2.4	2.4	3.6	2.3	2.1
Finance and insurance	2.8	3.9	4.5	1.9	2.0	2.2	1.8	2.0	2.1
Real estate and rental and leasing	2.7	3.5	5.0	1.9	3.4	3.0	9.4	2.9	2.4
Professional and business services	4.2	6.4	6.8	4.2	5.4	5.1	9.2	5.1	5.3
Education and health services	4.2	5.8	5.8	2.4	3.2	3.1	7.1	2.9	3.1
Educational services	2.7	4.0	3.4	2.0	3.3	2.4	9.7	2.3	2.7
Health care and social assistance	4.4	6.1	6.2	2.5	3.2	3.3	6.6	3.0	3.2
Leisure and hospitality	3.8	8.0	10.1	4.9	8.5	10.1	30.2	7.1	7.1
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	4.1	10.3	11.6	2.7	8.8	9.4	35.7	6.4	5.7
Accommodation and food services	3.8	7.7	9.9	5.2	8.5	10.2	29.4	7.2	7.4
Other services	2.9	4.7	6.5	3.4	4.1	4.7	19.9	3.7	4.0
Government	2.8	3.8	4.1	1.0	1.7	1.6	2.4	1.6	1.6
Federal	3.6	4.2	4.9	1.6	1.2	1.6	1.4	1.3	1.4
State and local	2.7	3.7	3.9	0.9	1.7	1.6	2.6	1.6	1.6
State and local education	1.8	2.7	2.9	1.0	1.7	1.6	2.4	1.5	1.5
State and local, excluding education	3.7	4.8	5.1	0.9	1.8	1.6	2.8	1.7	1.6
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Technical Note

Special technical note:  This technical note describes the procedures regularly used on a monthly basis to develop 
estimates from JOLTS survey responses. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, some of the procedures described in this technical 
note have been modified. The modifications are briefly described in the box note in the news release and are 
described in more detail at www.bls.gov/covid19/effects-of-covid-19-pandemic-on-job-openings-and-labor-turnover-data.htm.

This news release presents statistics from the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The JOLTS 
program provides information on labor demand and turnover. Additional information about the JOLTS program can 
be found at www.bls.gov/jlt/. Estimates are published for job openings, hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, 
other separations, and total separations. The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments, as well as 
federal, state, and local government entities in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Industries are classified in 
accordance with the North American Industry Classification System.

Definitions

Employment.  Employment includes persons on the payroll who worked or received pay for the pay period that 
includes the 12th day of the reference month. Full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term, seasonal, salaried, and 
hourly employees are included, as are employees on paid vacation or other paid leave. Proprietors or partners of 
unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, or employees on strike for the entire pay period, and employees 
on leave without pay for the entire pay period are not counted as employed. Employees of temporary help agencies, 
employee leasing companies, outside contractors, and consultants are counted by their employer of record, not by 
the establishment where they are working.

Job Openings.  Job openings include all positions that are open on the last business day of the reference month. 

A job is open only if it meets all three of these conditions: 
* A specific position exists and there is work available for that position. The position can be full-time or part-
time, and it can be permanent, short-term, or seasonal. 
* The job could start within 30 days, whether or not the employer can find a suitable candidate during that time. 
* The employer is actively recruiting workers from outside the establishment to fill the position. Active 
recruiting means that the establishment is taking steps to fill a position. It may include advertising in 
newspapers, on television, or on the radio; posting Internet notices, posting “help wanted” signs, 
networking or making “word-of-mouth” announcements; accepting applications; interviewing candidates; 
contacting employment agencies; or soliciting employees at job fairs, state or local employment offices, or 
similar sources.

Excluded are positions open only to internal transfers, promotions or demotions, or recall from layoffs. Also 
excluded are openings for positions with start dates more than 30 days in the future, positions for which employees 
have been hired but the employees have not yet reported for work, and positions to be filled by employees of 
temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The job openings rate is 
computed by dividing the number of job openings by the sum of employment and job openings and multiplying that 
quotient by 100.

Hires.  Hires include all additions to the payroll during the entire reference month, including newly hired and 
rehired employees; full-time and part-time employees; permanent, short-term, and seasonal employees; employees 
who were recalled to a job at the location following a layoff (formal suspension from pay status) lasting more than 7 
days; on-call or intermittent employees who returned to work after having been formally separated; workers who 
were hired and separated during the month, and transfers from other locations. Excluded are transfers or promotions 
within the reporting location, employees returning from strike, employees of temporary help agencies, employee 
leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The hires rate is computed by dividing the number of hires by 
employment and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Separations.  Separations include all separations from the payroll during the entire reference month and is 
reported by type of separation: quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Quits include employees who 
left voluntarily with the exception of retirements or transfers to other locations. Layoffs and discharges includes 
involuntary separations initiated by the employer including layoffs with no intent to rehire; layoffs (formal 
suspensions from pay status) lasting or expected to last more than 7 days; discharges resulting from mergers, 
downsizing, or closings; firings or other discharges for cause; terminations of permanent or short-term employees; 
and terminations of seasonal employees (whether or not they are expected to return the next season). Other 
separations include retirements, transfers to other locations, separations due to employee disability; and deaths. 
Excluded from separations are transfers within the same location; employees on strike; employees of temporary help 
agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The separations rate is computed by 
dividing the number of separations by employment and multiplying that quotient by 100. The quits, layoffs and 
discharges, and other separations rates are computed similarly.

Estimation Method

The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random sample of 20,700 nonfarm business and government 
establishments. The sample is stratified by ownership, region, industry sector, and establishment size class. The 
establishments are drawn from a universe of over 9.4 million establishments compiled by the Quarterly Census of 
Employment and Wages (QCEW) program which includes all employers subject to state unemployment insurance 
laws and federal agencies subject to the Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees program.

Employment estimates are benchmarked, or ratio adjusted, monthly to the strike-adjusted employment estimates 
of the Current Employment Statistics (CES) survey. A ratio of CES to JOLTS employment is used to adjust the 
levels for all other JOLTS data elements.

Birth/death model.  The time lag from the start up, or birth, of an establishment until its appearance on the 
sampling frame is approximately one year. Also within the first year, new businesses may go out of business, 
referred to as a death. Because not all births and deaths of establishments can be reflected on the sampling frame 
immediately, the JOLTS sample cannot capture job openings, hires, and separations from them during their early 
existence. BLS has developed a birth/death model that uses establishment birth and death activity from previous 
years. The estimates of job openings, hires, and separations produced by the birth/death model are added to the 
sample-based estimates produced from the survey to arrive at the estimates for job openings, hires, and separations.

Alignment.  The JOLTS figure for hires minus separations can be used to derive a measure of net employment 
change. This change should be comparable to the net employment change from the much larger CES survey. 
However, definitional differences as well as sampling and non- sampling errors between the two surveys historically 
caused JOLTS to diverge from CES over time. To limit the divergence, and improve the quality of the JOLTS hires 
and separations series, BLS implemented the monthly alignment method. There are four steps to this method: 
seasonally adjust, align, back out the seasonal adjustment factors, and re-seasonally adjust.

Seasonal adjustment.  BLS uses X-13 ARIMA for seasonal adjustment. A concurrent seasonal adjustment 
methodology is used in which new seasonal adjustment factors are calculated each month, using all relevant data, up 
to and including current month data. JOLTS seasonal adjustment includes both additive and multiplicative models 
and REGARIMA (regression with auto-correlated errors) modeling to improve the seasonal adjustment factors at the 
beginning and end of the series and to detect and adjust for outliers in the series. The seasonally adjusted CES 
employment trends are applied to the seasonally adjusted JOLTS implied employment trends (hires minus 
separations) forcing them to be approximately the same, while preserving the seasonality of the JOLTS data. 

Annual estimates.  The JOLTS estimates are revised annually to reflect annual updates to the CES employment 
estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors. The JOLTS employment levels (not published) are ratio-
adjusted to the CES employment levels, and the resulting ratios are applied to all JOLTS data elements. The 
seasonally adjusted data are recalculated for the most recent 5 years in order to reflect updated seasonal adjustment 
factors. These annual updates result in revisions to both the seasonally adjusted and not seasonally adjusted JOLTS 
data series, for the period since the last benchmark was established.

Annual levels for hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total separations are the sum of the 
12 published monthly levels. Annual rates are computed by dividing the annual level by the Current Employment 
Statistics (CES) annual average employment level, and multiplying that quotient by 100. This figure will be 
approximately equal to the sum of the 12 monthly rates. Consistent with BLS practice, annual estimates are 
published only for not seasonally adjusted data and are released with the January news release each year. Annual 
estimates are not calculated for job openings because job openings are a stock, or point-in-time, measurement for the 
last business day of each month.

Reliability of the estimates

JOLTS estimates are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. Nonsampling error occurs when a sample 
is surveyed rather than the entire population. There is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the true 
population values they represent. The difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the particular sample 
selected. This variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. BLS analysis is generally conducted at 
the 90-percent level of confidence. That means that there is a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that an 
estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value because of 
sampling error. Sampling error estimates are available at www.bls.gov/jlt/jolts_median_standard_errors.htm.

The JOLTS estimates also are affected by nonsampling error. Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons 
including: the failure to include a segment of the population; the inability to obtain data from all units in the sample; 
the inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide data on a timely basis; mistakes made by respondents; errors 
made in the collection or processing of the data; and errors from the employment benchmark data used in estimation.
Other information

Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 
(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.

Table 1. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Apr. 2020	Dec. 2020	Jan. 2021	Feb. 2021	Mar. 2021	Apr. 2021(p)	Apr. 2020	Dec. 2020	Jan. 2021	Feb. 2021	Mar. 2021	Apr. 2021(p)
Total	4,630	6,752	7,099	7,526	8,288	9,286	3.4	4.5	4.7	5.0	5.4	6.0
INDUSTRY
Total private	3,996	6,094	6,380	6,868	7,446	8,374	3.6	4.8	5.0	5.3	5.7	6.4
Mining and logging	9	21	24	20	31	23	1.5	3.4	3.9	3.3	4.8	3.5
Construction	220	267	300	272	334	357	3.3	3.5	3.9	3.6	4.3	4.6
Manufacturing	279	479	537	572	749	851	2.4	3.8	4.2	4.5	5.7	6.5
Durable goods	148	271	308	298	393	471	2.1	3.4	3.9	3.8	4.9	5.8
Nondurable goods	131	209	228	273	356	380	2.9	4.3	4.7	5.6	7.1	7.5
Trade, transportation, and utilities	851	1,215	1,308	1,396	1,562	1,670	3.4	4.3	4.6	4.9	5.4	5.8
Wholesale trade	159	173	192	216	256	320	2.8	3.0	3.3	3.7	4.3	5.3
Retail trade	446	764	793	819	899	965	3.3	4.8	5.0	5.1	5.6	6.0
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	246	277	323	361	406	386	4.1	4.3	5.0	5.5	6.1	5.8
Information	126	109	129	109	102	110	4.6	3.9	4.6	3.9	3.7	3.9
Financial activities	247	295	306	303	346	430	2.8	3.3	3.4	3.3	3.8	4.7
Finance and insurance	188	231	226	229	264	310	2.8	3.4	3.3	3.4	3.9	4.5
Real estate and rental and leasing	59	65	80	74	82	120	2.7	2.8	3.5	3.2	3.5	5.0
Professional and business services	837	1,478	1,404	1,373	1,421	1,517	4.2	6.7	6.4	6.2	6.4	6.8
Education and health services	947	1,277	1,368	1,592	1,431	1,439	4.2	5.2	5.6	6.4	5.8	5.8
Educational services	89	90	148	105	144	121	2.7	2.6	4.2	3.0	4.0	3.4
Health care and social assistance	857	1,187	1,220	1,486	1,287	1,319	4.4	5.6	5.8	7.0	6.1	6.2
Leisure and hospitality	345	747	738	942	1,195	1,586	3.8	5.4	5.3	6.5	8.0	10.1
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	50	62	81	134	206	248	4.1	3.5	4.5	7.2	10.3	11.6
Accommodation and food services	295	685	657	808	989	1,338	3.8	5.7	5.4	6.4	7.7	9.9
Other services	134	205	265	289	275	390	2.9	3.6	4.6	5.0	4.7	6.5
Government	634	659	719	658	843	913	2.8	3.0	3.2	3.0	3.8	4.1
Federal	106	98	79	88	126	149	3.6	3.3	2.7	3.0	4.2	4.9
State and local	528	561	641	570	717	764	2.7	2.9	3.3	3.0	3.7	3.9
State and local education	183	217	294	175	267	286	1.8	2.2	2.9	1.8	2.7	2.9
State and local, excluding education	345	344	347	395	450	478	3.7	3.7	3.7	4.2	4.8	5.1
REGION(3)
Northeast	862	1,142	1,165	1,294	1,524	1,739	3.5	4.2	4.3	4.7	5.5	6.2
South	1,749	2,645	2,831	2,972	3,163	3,537	3.5	4.8	5.1	5.3	5.6	6.3
Midwest	977	1,465	1,520	1,593	1,783	2,052	3.4	4.5	4.7	4.9	5.4	6.2
West	1,042	1,501	1,583	1,667	1,818	1,959	3.3	4.3	4.5	4.7	5.1	5.5
Footnotes (1) Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. (2) The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 2. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Apr. 2020	Dec. 2020	Jan. 2021	Feb. 2021	Mar. 2021	Apr. 2021(p)	Apr. 2020	Dec. 2020	Jan. 2021	Feb. 2021	Mar. 2021	Apr. 2021(p)
Total	3,942	5,411	5,465	5,794	6,006	6,075	3.0	3.8	3.8	4.0	4.2	4.2
INDUSTRY
Total private	3,718	5,072	5,102	5,490	5,646	5,728	3.4	4.2	4.2	4.5	4.6	4.7
Mining and logging	17	24	17	19	31	22	2.7	4.0	2.9	3.2	5.0	3.6
Construction	201	399	346	399	442	335	3.1	5.4	4.7	5.4	5.9	4.5
Manufacturing	350	398	351	393	434	396	3.1	3.3	2.9	3.2	3.5	3.2
Durable goods	201	224	192	218	255	218	2.9	2.9	2.5	2.9	3.3	2.9
Nondurable goods	149	174	159	175	180	178	3.4	3.8	3.4	3.8	3.9	3.8
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,048	1,199	1,183	1,118	1,156	1,189	4.3	4.4	4.4	4.1	4.3	4.4
Wholesale trade	114	160	152	139	148	157	2.1	2.9	2.7	2.5	2.6	2.8
Retail trade	726	814	778	734	755	799	5.5	5.3	5.1	4.8	5.0	5.3
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	208	225	254	245	252	233	3.6	3.6	4.1	3.9	4.0	3.7
Information	37	72	77	88	94	96	1.4	2.7	2.9	3.3	3.5	3.6
Financial activities	166	212	202	199	209	209	1.9	2.4	2.3	2.3	2.4	2.4
Finance and insurance	125	134	126	131	132	141	1.9	2.0	1.9	2.0	2.0	2.2
Real estate and rental and leasing	41	78	76	68	77	67	1.9	3.5	3.4	3.0	3.4	3.0
Professional and business services	798	1,121	1,078	1,129	1,129	1,064	4.2	5.5	5.2	5.5	5.4	5.1
Education and health services	522	700	708	703	754	732	2.4	3.0	3.0	3.0	3.2	3.1
Educational services	66	67	110	86	114	82	2.0	2.0	3.3	2.5	3.3	2.4
Health care and social assistance	456	633	598	617	640	650	2.5	3.2	3.0	3.1	3.2	3.3
Leisure and hospitality	426	758	928	1,194	1,172	1,424	4.9	5.8	7.1	8.8	8.5	10.1
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	31	60	120	135	157	177	2.7	3.5	7.1	7.8	8.8	9.4
Accommodation and food services	395	698	808	1,059	1,015	1,247	5.2	6.1	7.1	9.0	8.5	10.2
Other services	152	187	212	248	226	262	3.4	3.4	3.9	4.5	4.1	4.7
Government	225	339	363	304	360	347	1.0	1.6	1.7	1.4	1.7	1.6
Federal	45	47	32	37	35	45	1.6	1.6	1.1	1.3	1.2	1.6
State and local	180	292	331	267	325	302	0.9	1.6	1.8	1.4	1.7	1.6
State and local education	101	145	193	121	162	156	1.0	1.5	2.0	1.3	1.7	1.6
State and local, excluding education	79	147	137	146	164	145	0.9	1.6	1.5	1.6	1.8	1.6
REGION(3)
Northeast	558	867	867	967	997	1,004	2.4	3.3	3.3	3.7	3.8	3.8
South	1,487	2,156	2,054	2,184	2,295	2,359	3.1	4.1	3.9	4.2	4.3	4.5
Midwest	923	1,203	1,241	1,322	1,295	1,294	3.3	3.9	4.0	4.3	4.2	4.1
West	975	1,184	1,303	1,321	1,419	1,418	3.2	3.5	3.9	3.9	4.2	4.2
Footnotes (1) Hires are the number of hires during the entire month. (2) The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 3. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Apr. 2020	Dec. 2020	Jan. 2021	Feb. 2021	Mar. 2021	Apr. 2021(p)	Apr. 2020	Dec. 2020	Jan. 2021	Feb. 2021	Mar. 2021	Apr. 2021(p)
Total	11,782	5,582	5,323	5,429	5,436	5,760	9.1	3.9	3.7	3.8	3.8	4.0
INDUSTRY
Total private	11,255	5,236	5,007	5,078	5,100	5,422	10.4	4.3	4.1	4.2	4.2	4.4
Mining and logging	68	19	17	22	14	19	11.0	3.1	2.8	3.7	2.3	3.2
Construction	820	352	338	426	358	347	12.6	4.8	4.6	5.8	4.8	4.7
Manufacturing	856	387	362	369	402	417	7.5	3.2	3.0	3.0	3.3	3.4
Durable goods	542	213	205	200	229	237	7.7	2.8	2.7	2.6	3.0	3.1
Nondurable goods	314	173	158	169	172	180	7.2	3.7	3.4	3.7	3.7	3.9
Trade, transportation, and utilities	2,174	1,123	1,197	1,118	1,120	1,315	8.9	4.1	4.4	4.1	4.1	4.9
Wholesale trade	314	151	136	139	141	160	5.7	2.7	2.4	2.5	2.5	2.8
Retail trade	1,398	737	718	746	726	842	10.6	4.8	4.7	4.9	4.8	5.5
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	462	235	343	233	253	313	8.0	3.8	5.5	3.7	4.0	5.0
Information	213	74	66	79	89	86	8.1	2.8	2.5	2.9	3.3	3.2
Financial activities	312	182	206	201	198	189	3.6	2.1	2.4	2.3	2.3	2.1
Finance and insurance	114	113	135	132	132	136	1.8	1.7	2.1	2.0	2.0	2.1
Real estate and rental and leasing	199	69	72	69	66	53	9.4	3.1	3.2	3.1	2.9	2.4
Professional and business services	1,751	1,007	1,003	1,062	1,058	1,096	9.2	4.9	4.9	5.1	5.1	5.3
Education and health services	1,533	681	681	670	678	726	7.1	2.9	2.9	2.9	2.9	3.1
Educational services	316	102	48	80	80	92	9.7	3.1	1.4	2.4	2.3	2.7
Health care and social assistance	1,218	579	632	590	598	634	6.6	2.9	3.2	3.0	3.0	3.2
Leisure and hospitality	2,627	1,221	933	904	981	1,003	30.2	9.3	7.1	6.7	7.1	7.1
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	418	173	136	126	116	107	35.7	10.1	8.0	7.3	6.4	5.7
Accommodation and food services	2,210	1,049	797	778	865	896	29.4	9.2	7.0	6.6	7.2	7.4
Other services	899	190	203	225	203	223	19.9	3.5	3.7	4.1	3.7	4.0
Government	527	346	316	351	335	338	2.4	1.6	1.5	1.6	1.6	1.6
Federal	40	50	59	40	36	41	1.4	1.7	2.0	1.4	1.3	1.4
State and local	487	296	257	311	299	297	2.6	1.6	1.4	1.7	1.6	1.6
State and local education	239	141	105	162	149	150	2.4	1.5	1.1	1.7	1.5	1.5
State and local, excluding education	248	155	152	149	150	147	2.8	1.7	1.7	1.7	1.7	1.6
REGION(3)
Northeast	2,276	858	794	836	815	809	9.6	3.3	3.1	3.2	3.1	3.1
South	3,901	2,186	2,128	2,154	2,197	2,302	8.2	4.2	4.1	4.1	4.2	4.3
Midwest	2,563	1,166	1,111	1,200	1,200	1,239	9.1	3.8	3.6	3.9	3.9	4.0
West	3,042	1,372	1,290	1,240	1,223	1,410	10.0	4.1	3.9	3.7	3.6	4.2
Footnotes (1) Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month. (2) The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 4. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Apr. 2020	Dec. 2020	Jan. 2021	Feb. 2021	Mar. 2021	Apr. 2021(p)	Apr. 2020	Dec. 2020	Jan. 2021	Feb. 2021	Mar. 2021	Apr. 2021(p)
Total	2,107	3,407	3,306	3,383	3,568	3,952	1.6	2.4	2.3	2.4	2.5	2.7
INDUSTRY
Total private	1,941	3,224	3,140	3,184	3,387	3,763	1.8	2.7	2.6	2.6	2.8	3.1
Mining and logging	5	9	8	12	9	11	0.9	1.6	1.3	2.1	1.5	1.8
Construction	89	161	139	168	198	176	1.4	2.2	1.9	2.3	2.7	2.4
Manufacturing	109	240	251	258	262	284	1.0	2.0	2.1	2.1	2.1	2.3
Durable goods	45	135	142	140	150	153	0.6	1.8	1.9	1.8	2.0	2.0
Nondurable goods	64	105	109	118	113	130	1.5	2.3	2.4	2.5	2.4	2.8
Trade, transportation, and utilities	444	816	755	753	787	957	1.8	3.0	2.8	2.8	2.9	3.5
Wholesale trade	54	97	71	82	89	104	1.0	1.7	1.3	1.4	1.6	1.8
Retail trade	296	549	539	542	543	649	2.2	3.6	3.5	3.6	3.6	4.3
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	95	170	145	129	155	204	1.6	2.7	2.3	2.1	2.5	3.3
Information	41	39	37	40	57	51	1.5	1.5	1.4	1.5	2.1	1.9
Financial activities	68	108	148	132	122	134	0.8	1.2	1.7	1.5	1.4	1.5
Finance and insurance	51	69	106	85	80	101	0.8	1.1	1.6	1.3	1.2	1.5
Real estate and rental and leasing	17	38	42	47	42	33	0.8	1.7	1.9	2.1	1.9	1.5
Professional and business services	432	581	580	604	613	707	2.3	2.8	2.8	2.9	2.9	3.4
Education and health services	392	471	469	458	507	559	1.8	2.0	2.0	2.0	2.2	2.4
Educational services	45	52	25	44	46	56	1.4	1.6	0.7	1.3	1.3	1.6
Health care and social assistance	347	419	443	413	460	504	1.9	2.1	2.2	2.1	2.3	2.5
Leisure and hospitality	316	687	641	625	703	741	3.6	5.2	4.9	4.6	5.1	5.3
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	28	71	64	51	52	60	2.4	4.2	3.8	3.0	2.9	3.2
Accommodation and food services	288	616	577	574	650	681	3.8	5.4	5.1	4.9	5.4	5.6
Other services	44	113	114	134	129	143	1.0	2.1	2.1	2.4	2.3	2.6
Government	166	183	166	199	181	189	0.8	0.9	0.8	0.9	0.8	0.9
Federal	16	21	26	19	16	19	0.6	0.7	0.9	0.6	0.6	0.7
State and local	150	162	140	181	164	169	0.8	0.9	0.7	1.0	0.9	0.9
State and local education	85	81	62	98	84	87	0.8	0.8	0.6	1.0	0.9	0.9
State and local, excluding education	66	81	78	83	80	83	0.7	0.9	0.9	0.9	0.9	0.9
REGION(3)
Northeast	308	436	432	456	491	502	1.3	1.7	1.7	1.7	1.9	1.9
South	879	1,465	1,427	1,406	1,505	1,633	1.8	2.8	2.7	2.7	2.8	3.1
Midwest	472	761	727	749	780	860	1.7	2.5	2.4	2.4	2.5	2.8
West	447	746	719	772	792	957	1.5	2.2	2.2	2.3	2.3	2.8
Footnotes (1) Quits are the number of quits during the entire month. (2) The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Apr. 2020	Dec. 2020	Jan. 2021	Feb. 2021	Mar. 2021	Apr. 2021(p)	Apr. 2020	Dec. 2020	Jan. 2021	Feb. 2021	Mar. 2021	Apr. 2021(p)
Total	9,307	1,823	1,724	1,723	1,525	1,444	7.2	1.3	1.2	1.2	1.1	1.0
INDUSTRY
Total private	9,026	1,734	1,634	1,636	1,433	1,354	8.3	1.4	1.3	1.3	1.2	1.1
Mining and logging	61	9	7	8	4	7	9.8	1.5	1.2	1.4	0.6	1.1
Construction	713	183	187	243	149	156	10.9	2.5	2.5	3.3	2.0	2.1
Manufacturing	724	120	90	86	119	104	6.3	1.0	0.7	0.7	1.0	0.8
Durable goods	483	64	48	45	65	62	6.8	0.8	0.6	0.6	0.8	0.8
Nondurable goods	242	56	42	41	54	42	5.6	1.2	0.9	0.9	1.2	0.9
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,693	243	414	319	279	276	6.9	0.9	1.5	1.2	1.0	1.0
Wholesale trade	257	40	61	46	41	44	4.7	0.7	1.1	0.8	0.7	0.8
Retail trade	1,086	156	164	182	148	145	8.2	1.0	1.1	1.2	1.0	1.0
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	350	46	189	91	90	87	6.0	0.7	3.0	1.5	1.4	1.4
Information	166	30	22	27	27	27	6.3	1.1	0.8	1.0	1.0	1.0
Financial activities	233	50	32	53	63	33	2.7	0.6	0.4	0.6	0.7	0.4
Finance and insurance	57	23	13	32	40	16	0.9	0.3	0.2	0.5	0.6	0.2
Real estate and rental and leasing	176	27	19	21	23	16	8.3	1.2	0.9	1.0	1.0	0.7
Professional and business services	1,205	359	372	398	357	313	6.3	1.7	1.8	1.9	1.7	1.5
Education and health services	1,088	168	160	173	130	133	5.0	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.6	0.6
Educational services	264	41	21	31	29	30	8.1	1.2	0.6	0.9	0.8	0.9
Health care and social assistance	824	126	139	142	102	102	4.5	0.6	0.7	0.7	0.5	0.5
Leisure and hospitality	2,294	506	267	248	244	233	26.4	3.9	2.0	1.8	1.8	1.7
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	387	98	70	72	61	44	33.1	5.7	4.1	4.2	3.4	2.3
Accommodation and food services	1,906	409	197	176	182	188	25.3	3.6	1.7	1.5	1.5	1.5
Other services	847	66	84	81	61	74	18.7	1.2	1.5	1.5	1.1	1.3
Government	281	89	89	86	92	90	1.3	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4
Federal	12	12	18	11	9	10	0.4	0.4	0.6	0.4	0.3	0.3
State and local	269	77	71	75	83	80	1.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4
State and local education	118	31	24	36	42	41	1.2	0.3	0.2	0.4	0.4	0.4
State and local, excluding education	151	46	47	39	41	39	1.7	0.5	0.5	0.4	0.5	0.4
REGION(3)
Northeast	1,912	356	309	323	263	244	8.1	1.4	1.2	1.2	1.0	0.9
South	2,906	576	598	619	562	540	6.1	1.1	1.1	1.2	1.1	1.0
Midwest	1,985	338	328	382	349	302	7.0	1.1	1.1	1.2	1.1	1.0
West	2,504	554	488	399	351	358	8.2	1.7	1.5	1.2	1.0	1.1
Footnotes (1) Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month. (2) The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 6. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Apr. 2020	Dec. 2020	Jan. 2021	Feb. 2021	Mar. 2021	Apr. 2021(p)	Apr. 2020	Dec. 2020	Jan. 2021	Feb. 2021	Mar. 2021	Apr. 2021(p)
Total	368	352	294	323	343	364	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.3
INDUSTRY
Total private	288	278	233	257	280	305	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mining and logging	2	1	2	1	1	1	0.3	0.1	0.4	0.2	0.1	0.2
Construction	17	7	13	15	10	15	0.3	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.2
Manufacturing	23	27	22	26	21	29	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
Durable goods	14	14	15	15	15	22	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.3
Nondurable goods	8	12	7	11	6	7	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	37	64	28	46	53	82	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.3
Wholesale trade	3	13	4	11	11	12	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.2
Retail trade	16	32	15	23	35	47	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.3
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	18	19	10	13	7	23	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.4
Information	6	4	7	12	4	9	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.4	0.2	0.3
Financial activities	11	24	27	17	13	22	0.1	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.3
Finance and insurance	6	21	16	15	13	18	0.1	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.3
Real estate and rental and leasing	5	3	10	1	1	4	0.2	0.1	0.5	0.1	0.0	0.2
Professional and business services	114	67	51	60	89	76	0.6	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.4	0.4
Education and health services	53	43	52	40	41	34	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.1
Educational services	7	9	2	5	5	6	0.2	0.3	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.2
Health care and social assistance	46	34	50	35	36	28	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.1
Leisure and hospitality	18	28	25	31	35	29	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.2
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	3	3	2	3	2	3	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.2
Accommodation and food services	15	24	23	28	33	26	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.2
Other services	7	12	6	10	13	6	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.1
Government	80	74	61	66	63	59	0.4	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3
Federal	12	17	15	11	11	12	0.4	0.6	0.5	0.4	0.4	0.4
State and local	68	57	46	55	51	47	0.4	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.3
State and local education	37	29	19	27	23	22	0.4	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.2
State and local, excluding education	31	28	27	28	28	25	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3
REGION(3)
Northeast	56	66	53	56	62	64	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
South	116	146	103	129	129	129	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
Midwest	105	67	55	69	71	77	0.4	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
West	91	72	83	69	80	94	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.3
Footnotes (1) Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month. (2) The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.

Table 7. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Apr. 2020	Mar. 2021	Apr. 2021(p)	Apr. 2020	Mar. 2021	Apr. 2021(p)
Total	5,163	8,366	9,982	3.8	5.5	6.5
INDUSTRY
Total private	4,518	7,492	9,035	4.0	5.8	6.9
Mining and logging	11	31	25	1.8	4.8	3.8
Construction	233	354	384	3.5	4.7	4.9
Manufacturing	295	751	874	2.5	5.8	6.7
Durable goods	157	393	479	2.2	4.9	5.9
Nondurable goods	138	358	395	3.1	7.2	7.9
Trade, transportation, and utilities	850	1,520	1,728	3.4	5.3	6.0
Wholesale trade	167	256	335	3.0	4.4	5.6
Retail trade	423	835	982	3.1	5.3	6.1
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	260	429	411	4.4	6.4	6.3
Information	132	94	116	4.8	3.4	4.1
Financial activities	303	334	490	3.4	3.7	5.3
Finance and insurance	225	256	351	3.4	3.8	5.1
Real estate and rental and leasing	77	78	139	3.5	3.4	5.8
Professional and business services	906	1,446	1,603	4.5	6.6	7.2
Education and health services	1,106	1,434	1,628	4.8	5.7	6.5
Educational services	96	141	129	2.7	3.8	3.4
Health care and social assistance	1,011	1,293	1,499	5.2	6.1	7.0
Leisure and hospitality	528	1,241	1,774	5.8	8.5	11.2
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	95	222	304	7.7	11.7	14.2
Accommodation and food services	433	1,019	1,470	5.5	8.0	10.8
Other services	153	288	414	3.3	5.0	6.9
Government	645	874	947	2.8	3.8	4.1
Federal	114	139	158	3.8	4.6	5.2
State and local	531	735	789	2.7	3.7	4.0
State and local education	177	270	296	1.7	2.6	2.8
State and local, excluding education	354	465	493	3.8	5.0	5.3
REGION(3)
Northeast	928	1,519	1,811	3.7	5.5	6.4
South	1,959	3,208	3,790	3.9	5.7	6.7
Midwest	1,087	1,806	2,179	3.7	5.5	6.5
West	1,189	1,833	2,202	3.8	5.2	6.1
Footnotes (1) Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. (2) The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 8. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Apr. 2020	Mar. 2021	Apr. 2021(p)	Apr. 2020	Mar. 2021	Apr. 2021(p)
Total	4,263	5,617	6,495	3.3	3.9	4.5
INDUSTRY
Total private	4,107	5,337	6,216	3.8	4.4	5.1
Mining and logging	20	33	24	3.3	5.5	3.9
Construction	338	425	456	5.2	5.9	6.2
Manufacturing	359	419	403	3.2	3.4	3.3
Durable goods	206	248	222	2.9	3.2	2.9
Nondurable goods	153	172	181	3.5	3.7	3.9
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,014	1,064	1,159	4.2	4.0	4.3
Wholesale trade	122	148	169	2.2	2.6	3.0
Retail trade	716	710	804	5.5	4.7	5.3
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	175	206	186	3.1	3.3	3.0
Information	35	89	96	1.3	3.3	3.6
Financial activities	175	189	213	2.0	2.2	2.4
Finance and insurance	119	119	135	1.8	1.8	2.1
Real estate and rental and leasing	56	69	78	2.7	3.1	3.5
Professional and business services	913	1,076	1,159	4.8	5.2	5.6
Education and health services	513	704	738	2.3	3.0	3.1
Educational services	47	78	60	1.4	2.2	1.7
Health care and social assistance	466	626	679	2.5	3.1	3.4
Leisure and hospitality	557	1,145	1,662	6.4	8.5	11.9
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	47	164	290	4.1	9.8	15.7
Accommodation and food services	510	980	1,372	6.8	8.3	11.3
Other services	182	192	305	4.0	3.5	5.5
Government	156	280	279	0.7	1.3	1.3
Federal	43	32	44	1.5	1.1	1.5
State and local	113	248	235	0.6	1.3	1.2
State and local education	31	103	88	0.3	1.0	0.9
State and local, excluding education	82	145	148	0.9	1.6	1.7
REGION(3)
Northeast	641	922	1,116	2.7	3.5	4.2
South	1,556	2,152	2,467	3.3	4.1	4.7
Midwest	1,012	1,236	1,391	3.6	4.0	4.4
West	1,054	1,307	1,521	3.5	3.9	4.5
Footnotes (1) Hires are the number of hires during the entire month. (2) The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 9. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Apr. 2020	Mar. 2021	Apr. 2021(p)	Apr. 2020	Mar. 2021	Apr. 2021(p)
Total	11,616	4,745	5,602	8.9	3.3	3.9
INDUSTRY
Total private	11,188	4,521	5,373	10.4	3.7	4.4
Mining and logging	68	13	20	11.1	2.1	3.3
Construction	796	312	320	12.3	4.3	4.3
Manufacturing	859	394	430	7.6	3.2	3.5
Durable goods	548	228	251	7.8	3.0	3.3
Nondurable goods	311	166	179	7.2	3.6	3.9
Trade, transportation, and utilities	2,118	981	1,243	8.7	3.6	4.6
Wholesale trade	314	134	162	5.7	2.4	2.9
Retail trade	1,369	627	805	10.4	4.2	5.3
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	434	220	276	7.6	3.5	4.5
Information	216	81	93	8.2	3.0	3.4
Financial activities	332	171	206	3.9	2.0	2.3
Finance and insurance	127	118	149	2.0	1.8	2.3
Real estate and rental and leasing	206	53	57	9.8	2.4	2.5
Professional and business services	1,768	978	1,117	9.3	4.8	5.4
Education and health services	1,520	617	708	6.9	2.6	3.0
Educational services	293	41	71	8.6	1.1	2.0
Health care and social assistance	1,226	576	637	6.6	2.9	3.2
Leisure and hospitality	2,615	804	1,003	30.2	6.0	7.2
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	402	57	74	35.1	3.4	4.0
Accommodation and food services	2,213	748	929	29.5	6.4	7.6
Other services	897	170	233	19.8	3.1	4.2
Government	428	224	229	1.9	1.0	1.0
Federal	35	31	35	1.2	1.1	1.2
State and local	393	193	194	2.0	1.0	1.0
State and local education	173	67	75	1.7	0.7	0.7
State and local, excluding education	220	126	119	2.5	1.4	1.3
REGION(3)
Northeast	2,236	662	763	9.4	2.5	2.9
South	3,870	1,973	2,299	8.1	3.8	4.3
Midwest	2,463	1,042	1,140	8.7	3.4	3.6
West	3,047	1,067	1,400	10.0	3.2	4.1
Footnotes (1) Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month. (2) The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 10. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Apr. 2020	Mar. 2021	Apr. 2021(p)	Apr. 2020	Mar. 2021	Apr. 2021(p)
Total	2,098	3,296	4,023	1.6	2.3	2.8
INDUSTRY
Total private	1,972	3,162	3,880	1.8	2.6	3.2
Mining and logging	6	8	13	1.0	1.3	2.1
Construction	89	181	178	1.4	2.5	2.4
Manufacturing	115	262	300	1.0	2.1	2.4
Durable goods	54	152	169	0.8	2.0	2.2
Nondurable goods	61	110	131	1.4	2.4	2.8
Trade, transportation, and utilities	444	748	959	1.8	2.8	3.6
Wholesale trade	61	90	113	1.1	1.6	2.0
Retail trade	285	505	639	2.2	3.4	4.2
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	97	153	207	1.7	2.5	3.4
Information	42	53	54	1.6	2.0	2.0
Financial activities	79	105	147	0.9	1.2	1.7
Finance and insurance	55	69	108	0.8	1.1	1.7
Real estate and rental and leasing	24	36	39	1.2	1.6	1.7
Professional and business services	442	567	726	2.3	2.8	3.5
Education and health services	385	483	564	1.8	2.1	2.4
Educational services	35	28	48	1.0	0.8	1.3
Health care and social assistance	350	454	516	1.9	2.3	2.6
Leisure and hospitality	321	627	780	3.7	4.7	5.6
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	15	38	48	1.3	2.3	2.6
Accommodation and food services	306	589	732	4.1	5.0	6.0
Other services	49	128	159	1.1	2.3	2.9
Government	126	134	143	0.6	0.6	0.7
Federal	15	15	18	0.5	0.5	0.6
State and local	111	119	125	0.6	0.6	0.7
State and local education	50	42	46	0.5	0.4	0.4
State and local, excluding education	61	77	80	0.7	0.9	0.9
REGION(3)
Northeast	302	449	515	1.3	1.7	2.0
South	901	1,401	1,710	1.9	2.7	3.2
Midwest	446	721	839	1.6	2.3	2.7
West	449	725	959	1.5	2.2	2.8
Footnotes (1) Quits are the number of quits during the entire month. (2) The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 11. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Apr. 2020	Mar. 2021	Apr. 2021(p)	Apr. 2020	Mar. 2021	Apr. 2021(p)
Total	9,160	1,132	1,221	7.0	0.8	0.8
INDUSTRY
Total private	8,924	1,090	1,178	8.3	0.9	1.0
Mining and logging	60	4	6	9.8	0.7	1.0
Construction	689	117	125	10.7	1.6	1.7
Manufacturing	720	111	100	6.3	0.9	0.8
Durable goods	479	62	59	6.8	0.8	0.8
Nondurable goods	241	49	41	5.6	1.1	0.9
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,637	187	199	6.7	0.7	0.7
Wholesale trade	250	33	36	4.6	0.6	0.6
Retail trade	1,068	96	118	8.1	0.6	0.8
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	319	58	45	5.6	0.9	0.7
Information	166	24	27	6.3	0.9	1.0
Financial activities	237	55	31	2.8	0.6	0.3
Finance and insurance	61	39	18	0.9	0.6	0.3
Real estate and rental and leasing	175	16	12	8.3	0.7	0.5
Professional and business services	1,219	319	319	6.4	1.6	1.5
Education and health services	1,080	98	110	4.9	0.4	0.5
Educational services	253	10	18	7.4	0.3	0.5
Health care and social assistance	827	88	91	4.5	0.4	0.5
Leisure and hospitality	2,276	147	195	26.3	1.1	1.4
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	385	17	24	33.7	1.0	1.3
Accommodation and food services	1,891	130	170	25.2	1.1	1.4
Other services	841	28	68	18.6	0.5	1.2
Government	235	41	43	1.1	0.2	0.2
Federal	10	6	7	0.3	0.2	0.2
State and local	226	35	36	1.2	0.2	0.2
State and local education	95	14	19	0.9	0.1	0.2
State and local, excluding education	131	21	17	1.5	0.2	0.2
REGION(3)
Northeast	1,874	160	179	7.8	0.6	0.7
South	2,865	459	474	6.0	0.9	0.9
Midwest	1,926	257	231	6.8	0.8	0.7
West	2,495	256	337	8.2	0.8	1.0
Footnotes (1) Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month. (2) The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 12. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Apr. 2020	Mar. 2021	Apr. 2021(p)	Apr. 2020	Mar. 2021	Apr. 2021(p)
Total	359	317	357	0.3	0.2	0.2
INDUSTRY
Total private	292	269	314	0.3	0.2	0.3
Mining and logging	1	1	1	0.2	0.1	0.2
Construction	18	13	17	0.3	0.2	0.2
Manufacturing	23	21	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Durable goods	15	14	23	0.2	0.2	0.3
Nondurable goods	9	7	7	0.2	0.1	0.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	37	46	85	0.2	0.2	0.3
Wholesale trade	3	10	13	0.0	0.2	0.2
Retail trade	16	27	48	0.1	0.2	0.3
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	19	8	24	0.3	0.1	0.4
Information	7	5	11	0.3	0.2	0.4
Financial activities	17	11	28	0.2	0.1	0.3
Finance and insurance	11	10	23	0.2	0.2	0.3
Real estate and rental and leasing	6	1	6	0.3	0.0	0.2
Professional and business services	108	92	72	0.6	0.4	0.3
Education and health services	55	36	34	0.3	0.2	0.1
Educational services	5	3	4	0.1	0.1	0.1
Health care and social assistance	50	34	30	0.3	0.2	0.1
Leisure and hospitality	18	30	29	0.2	0.2	0.2
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	2	1	2	0.2	0.1	0.1
Accommodation and food services	16	29	27	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other services	7	13	7	0.2	0.2	0.1
Government	67	49	43	0.3	0.2	0.2
Federal	10	9	10	0.4	0.3	0.4
State and local	56	39	33	0.3	0.2	0.2
State and local education	28	11	11	0.3	0.1	0.1
State and local, excluding education	28	28	21	0.3	0.3	0.2
REGION(3)
Northeast	58	53	69	0.2	0.2	0.3
South	106	114	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Midwest	93	65	70	0.3	0.2	0.2
West	102	85	104	0.3	0.3	0.3
Footnotes (1) Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month. (2) The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.