Technical information: (202) 691-5870 USDL 09-0633
http://www.bls.gov/jlt/
For release: 10:00 A.M. EDT
Media contact: (202) 691-5902 Tuesday, June 9, 2009
JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER: APRIL 2009
On the last business day of April, job openings in the U.S.
numbered 2.5 million, the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S.
Department of Labor reported today. The job openings level was at its
lowest point since the series began in December 2000. The hires rate
(3.1 percent) was unchanged in April and remained low. The total
separations rate (3.6 percent) was little changed over the month.
This release includes estimates of the number and rate of job
openings, hires, and separations for the total nonfarm sector by
industry and geographic region.
Job Openings
The job openings rate was unchanged in April at 1.9 percent.
Since June 2007, the number of job openings has trended downward by
2.3 million, or 47 percent. In April, small declines in the job
openings rate occurred in most industries; none of these declines were
statistically significant. The job openings rate increased
significantly for government due to an increase in job opportunities
for temporary workers for Census 2010. (See table 1.)
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Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally
adjusted
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Job openings | Hires | Total separations
|--------------------------------------------------------------
Industry | Apr. | Mar. | Apr. | Apr. | Mar. | Apr. | Apr. | Mar. | Apr.
| 2008 | 2009 | 2009p| 2008 | 2009 | 2009p| 2008 | 2009 | 2009p
-------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------
| Levels (in thousands)
|--------------------------------------------------------------
Total(1)...........|3,967 |2,633 |2,531 |4,955 |4,099 |4,165 |5,152 |4,712 |4,718
| | | | | | | | |
Total private(1)..|3,547 |2,269 |2,080 |4,635 |3,799 |3,803 |4,825 |4,434 |4,431
Construction.....| 109 | 51 | 30 | 401 | 343 | 348 | 461 | 463 | 441
Manufacturing....| 274 | 115 | 95 | 337 | 244 | 235 | 393 | 401 | 379
Trade, trans- | | | | | | | | |
portation, and | | | | | | | | |
utilities(2)....| 630 | 414 | 332 |1,035 | 883 | 897 |1,090 |1,001 |1,008
Retail trade....| 388 | 265 | 219 | 699 | 595 | 655 | 741 | 646 | 691
Professional | | | | | | | | |
and business | | | | | | | | |
services........| 749 | 428 | 458 | 903 | 668 | 743 | 924 | 778 | 851
Education and | | | | | | | | |
health ser- | | | | | | | | |
vices...........| 719 | 537 | 522 | 554 | 483 | 486 | 506 | 466 | 471
Leisure and | | | | | | | | |
hospitality.....| 520 | 289 | 330 | 868 | 693 | 691 | 884 | 751 | 712
Arts, enter- | | | | | | | | |
tainment and | | | | | | | | |
recreation.....| 57 | 25 | 20 | 112 | 85 | 80 | 122 | 95 | 90
Accommodation | | | | | | | | |
and food | | | | | | | | |
services.......| 470 | 263 | 317 | 750 | 607 | 606 | 763 | 649 | 616
Government(3).....| 413 | 353 | 450 | 319 | 271 | 338 | 300 | 265 | 270
State and local | | | | | | | | |
government......| 383 | 291 | 317 | 292 | 247 | 252 | 277 | 251 | 249
|--------------------------------------------------------------
| Rates (percent)
|--------------------------------------------------------------
Total(1)...........| 2.8 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 3.6 | 3.1 | 3.1 | 3.7 | 3.5 | 3.6
| | | | | | | | |
Total private(1)..| 3.0 | 2.0 | 1.9 | 4.0 | 3.4 | 3.5 | 4.2 | 4.0 | 4.0
Construction.....| 1.5 | 0.8 | 0.5 | 5.5 | 5.3 | 5.5 | 6.3 | 7.2 | 7.0
Manufacturing....| 2.0 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 2.5 | 2.0 | 1.9 | 2.9 | 3.3 | 3.1
Trade, trans- | | | | | | | | |
portation, and | | | | | | | | |
utilities(2)....| 2.3 | 1.6 | 1.3 | 3.9 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 4.1 | 3.9 | 4.0
Retail trade....| 2.4 | 1.8 | 1.5 | 4.5 | 4.0 | 4.4 | 4.8 | 4.3 | 4.7
Professional | | | | | | | | |
and business | | | | | | | | |
services........| 4.0 | 2.5 | 2.7 | 5.0 | 4.0 | 4.4 | 5.1 | 4.6 | 5.1
Education and | | | | | | | | |
health ser- | | | | | | | | |
vices...........| 3.7 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 3.0 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.7 | 2.4 | 2.5
Leisure and | | | | | | | | |
hospitality.....| 3.7 | 2.1 | 2.4 | 6.4 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 6.5 | 5.7 | 5.4
Arts, enter- | | | | | | | | |
tainment and | | | | | | | | |
recreation.....| 2.8 | 1.3 | 1.0 | 5.7 | 4.4 | 4.2 | 6.1 | 4.9 | 4.7
Accommodation | | | | | | | | |
and food | | | | | | | | |
services.......| 3.9 | 2.3 | 2.7 | 6.5 | 5.4 | 5.4 | 6.6 | 5.8 | 5.5
Government(3).....| 1.8 | 1.5 | 2.0 | 1.4 | 1.2 | 1.5 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 1.2
State and local | | | | | | | | |
government......| 1.9 | 1.5 | 1.6 | 1.5 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 1.4 | 1.3 | 1.3
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and
other services, not shown separately.
2 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not
shown separately.
3 Includes federal government, not shown separately.
p = preliminary.
Over the 12 months ending in April, the job openings rate (not
seasonally adjusted) fell significantly in almost every industry
except federal government where it rose significantly. The job
openings rate also fell in all four regions. The rate did not change
significantly in finance and insurance. (See table 5.)
- 3 -
Hires
The hires level was little changed at 4.2 million in April.
However, monthly hires experienced an overall downward trend, falling
by 1.5 million, or 26 percent, since July 2006. The hires rate was 3.1
percent in April. Government experienced a significant increase in
the hires rate over the month mainly due to hiring of temporary
workers for Census 2010. The hires rate did not change significantly
in the remaining industries. Regionally, the South experienced a
significant increase in the hires rate. The remaining regions did not
change significantly. (See table 2.)
Over the 12 months ending in April, the hires rate (not
seasonally adjusted) increased significantly in federal government.
The rate decreased significantly over the year for total nonfarm,
total private, and many industries including mining and logging;
durable goods manufacturing; nondurable goods manufacturing; wholesale
trade; finance and insurance; educational services; health care and
social assistance; arts, entertainment, and recreation; and
accommodation and food services. Regionally, the hires rate dropped
significantly over the past 12 months in the Midwest and West. The
rate did not change significantly in the Northeast and South. (See
table 6.)
Separations
Total separations includes quits (voluntary separations), layoffs
and discharges (involuntary separations), and other separations
(including retirements). The total separations, or turnover, rate
(seasonally adjusted) was 3.6 percent in April, little changed from
March. The total separations rate (not seasonally adjusted) decreased
significantly over the 12 months ending in April. (See tables 3 and
7.)
The quits rate can serve as a barometer of workers’ willingness
or ability to change jobs. Although the rate was little changed over
the month at 1.3 percent in April, the quits rate was at the lowest
point in the 8-year series. Quits have been trending downward since
December 2006 to a level of 1.8 million, a decline of 1.4 million or
44 percent. Comparing April 2009 to April 2008, the quits rate (not
seasonally adjusted) was significantly lower for total nonfarm, total
private, and government.
Over the 12 months ending in April, the majority of industries
experienced a significant decline in the quits rate with the
exceptions of information; educational services; arts, entertainment,
and recreation; other services; and federal government. The quits
rate did not rise significantly over the past 12 months in any
industry. The quits rate fell significantly over the past 12 months
in all four regions. (See tables 4 and 8.)
The layoffs and discharges component of total separations is
seasonally adjusted at the total nonfarm, total private, and
government levels. Layoffs and discharges in April were 2.6 million
for total nonfarm, 2.4 million for total private, and 142,000 for
government, corresponding to layoffs and discharges rates of 1.9
percent, 2.2 percent, and 0.6 percent, respectively. The layoffs and
discharges rate was unchanged in April at the total nonfarm and total
private levels. The government layoffs and discharges rate increased
significantly.
Over the 12 months ending in April, the layoffs and discharges
rate (not seasonally adjusted) rose significantly for total nonfarm,
total private, government, and many industries including construction;
durable goods manufacturing; retail trade; information; professional
and business services; health care and social assistance; and state
and local government. In the remaining industries, the layoffs and
discharges rate did not change significantly. All four regions
experienced a significant increase in the layoffs and discharges rate
over the 12 months ending in April. (See table 9 for not seasonally
adjusted layoffs and discharges.)
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Table B. Layoffs and discharges by industry, seasonally adjusted
--------------------------------------------------------------------
| Levels (in thousands) | Rates
|------------------------------------------------
Industry | Apr. | Mar. | Apr. | Apr. | Mar. | Apr.
| 2008 | 2009 | 2009p| 2008 | 2009 | 2009p
-------------------|------------------------------------------------
Total..............| 1,899 | 2,528 | 2,557 | 1.4 | 1.9 | 1.9
Total private.....| 1,792 | 2,399 | 2,409 | 1.6 | 2.2 | 2.2
Government.......| 94 | 118 | 142 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.6
The other separations series is not seasonally adjusted. In
April, there were 379,000 other separations for total nonfarm, 340,000
for total private, and 39,000 for government. Compared to April 2008,
the number of other separations was little changed for total nonfarm,
total private, and government. (See table 10.)
The total separations rate is influenced by the relative
contribution of its three components—quits, layoffs and discharges,
and other separations. The percentage of total separations at the
total nonfarm level attributable to the individual components has
varied over time. The proportion of quits has been trending downward
from 59 percent in January 2008 to a series low of 38 percent in April
2009. The proportion of layoffs and discharges has increased from 33
percent in August 2006 to 54 percent in April 2009. (See tables 3, 4,
and table B above.)
Net Change in Employment
In the 12 months ending in April, hires totaled 53.7 million and
separations totaled 58.4 million, yielding a net employment loss over
the year of 4.7 million. Hires trended downward while total
separations remained relatively level over the year. The two major
components of separations had offsetting movements; quits declined
while layoffs increased.
For More Information
For additional information, please read the Technical Note
attached to this release, visit the JOLTS Web site at
www.bls.gov/jlt/, send e-mail to Joltsinfo@bls.gov, or call (202) 691-
5870.
_________________________________________
The Job Openings and Labor Turnover release for May 2009 is
scheduled to be issued on Tuesday, July 7.
- 5 -
Technical Note
The data for the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS)
are collected and compiled monthly from a sample of business
establishments by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).
Collection
In a monthly survey of business establishments, data are
collected for total employment, job openings, hires, quits, layoffs
and discharges, and other separations. Data collection methods
include computer-assisted telephone interviewing, touchtone data
entry, fax, e-mail, and mail.
Coverage
The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments such
as factories, offices, and stores, as well as federal, state, and
local government entities in the 50 states and the District of
Columbia.
Concepts
Industry classification. The industry classifications in this
release are in accordance with the 2007 version of the North
American Industry Classification System (NAICS). In order to
ensure the highest possible quality of data, State Workforce
Agencies verify with employers and update, if necessary, the
industry code, location, and ownership classification of all
establishments on a 3-year cycle. Changes in establishment
characteristics resulting from the verification process are always
introduced into the JOLTS sampling frame with the data reported for
the first month of the year.
Employment. Employment includes persons on the payroll who
worked or received pay for the pay period that includes the 12th
day of the reference month. Full-time, part-time, permanent, short-
term, seasonal, salaried, and hourly employees are included, as are
employees on paid vacations or other paid leave. Proprietors or
partners of unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, or
persons on leave without pay or on strike for the entire pay
period, are not counted as employed. Employees of temporary help
agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, and
consultants are counted by their employer of record, not by the
establishment where they are working.
Job openings. Establishments submit job openings information for
the last business day of the reference month. A job opening
requires that: 1) a specific position exists and there is work
available for that position, 2) work could start within 30 days
regardless of whether a suitable candidate is found, and 3) the
employer is actively recruiting from outside the establishment to
fill the position. Included are full-time, part-time, permanent,
short-term, and seasonal openings. Active recruiting means that
the establishment is taking steps to fill a position by advertising
in newspapers or on the Internet, posting help-wanted signs,
accepting applications, or using other similar methods.
Jobs to be filled only by internal transfers, promotions,
demotions, or recall from layoffs are excluded. Also excluded are
jobs with start dates more than 30 days in the future, jobs for
which employees have been hired but have not yet reported for work,
and jobs to be filled by employees of temporary help agencies,
employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants.
The job openings rate is computed by dividing the number of job
openings by the sum of employment and job openings and multiplying
that quotient by 100.
Hires. Hires are the total number of additions to the payroll
occurring at any time during the reference month, including both
new and rehired employees, full-time and part-time, permanent,
short-term and seasonal employees, employees recalled to the
location after a layoff lasting more than 7 days, on-call or
intermittent employees who returned to work after having been
formally separated, and transfers from other locations. The hires
count does not include transfers or promotions within the reporting
site, employees returning from strike, employees of temporary help
agencies or employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or
consultants. The hires rate is computed by dividing the number of
hires by employment and multiplying that quotient by 100.
Separations. Separations are the total number of terminations of
employment occurring at any time during the reference month, and
are reported by type of separation--quits, layoffs and discharges,
and other separations. Quits are voluntary separations by
employees (except for retirements, which are reported as other
separations). Layoffs and discharges are involuntary separations
initiated by the employer and include layoffs with no intent to
rehire; formal layoffs lasting or expected to last more than 7
days; discharges resulting from mergers, downsizing, or closings;
firings or other discharges for cause; terminations of permanent or
short-term employees; and terminations of seasonal employees.
Other separations include retirements, transfers to other
locations, deaths, and separations due to disability. Separations
do not include transfers within the same location or employees on
strike.
The separations rate is computed by dividing the number of
separations by employment and multiplying that quotient by 100.
The quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations rates are
computed similarly, dividing the number by employment and
multiplying by 100.
Annual estimates. Annual estimates of rates and levels
- 6 -
of hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total
separations are released with the January news release each year.
The JOLTS annual level estimates for hires, quits, layoffs and
discharges, other separations, and total separations are the sum of
the 12 published monthly levels. The annual rate estimates are
computed by dividing the annual level by the Current Employment
Statistics (CES) annual average employment level, and multiplying
that quotient by 100. This figure will be approximately equal to
the sum of the 12 monthly rates. Note that both the JOLTS and CES
annual levels are rounded to the nearest thousand before the annual
estimates are calculated. Consistent with BLS practices, annual
estimates are published only for not seasonally adjusted data.
Annual estimates are not calculated for job openings because job
openings are a stock, or point-in-time, measurement for the last
business day of each month. Only jobs still open on the last day
of the month are counted. For the same reason job openings cannot
be cumulated throughout each month, annual figures for job openings
cannot be created by summing the monthly estimates. Hires and
separations are flow measures and are cumulated over the month with
a total reported for the month. Therefore, the annual figures can
be created by summing the monthly estimates.
Special Collection Procedures
An implied measure of employment change can be derived from the
JOLTS data by subtracting separations from hires for a given
month. Aggregating these monthly changes historically produced
employment levels that overstated employment change as measured by
CES at the total nonfarm level. Research into this problem showed
that a significant amount of the divergence between the CES
employment levels and the derived JOLTS employment levels was
traceable to the Employment Services industry and to the State
Government Education industry. In the former industry, businesses
have a difficult time reporting hires and separations of temporary
help workers. In the latter industry, employers have difficulty
reporting hires and separations of student workers. BLS now
devotes additional resources to the collection, editing, and review
of data for these industries. BLS analysts more closely examine
reported data that do not provide a consistent picture over time,
and re-contact the respondents as necessary. Analysts work with
the respondents to adjust their reporting practices as possible.
Units that cannot be reconciled but are clearly incorrect on a
consistent basis are not used, they are replaced by imputed values
using standard techniques.
Sample and estimation methodology
The JOLTS survey design is a random sample of 16,000 nonfarm
business establishments, including factories, offices, and stores,
as well as federal, state, and local governments in the 50 states
and the District of Columbia. The establishments are drawn from a
universe of over 9.1 million establishments compiled as part of the
operations of the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW)
program. This program includes all employers subject to state
Unemployment Insurance (UI) laws and federal agencies subject to
Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees (UCFE).
The sampling frame is stratified by ownership, region, industry
sector, and size class. The JOLTS sample is constructed from
individual panels of sample units drawn on an annual basis. The
full annual sample consists of one certainty panel composed of only
large units selected with virtual certainty based on their size and
24 non-certainty panels. Each month a new non-certainty panel is
rolled into collection, and the oldest non-certainty panel is
rolled out. This means that at any given time the JOLTS sample is
constructed from panels from three different annual sampling
frames. The entire sample of old plus new panels is post-
stratified and re-weighted annually to represent the most recent
sampling frame. Additionally, the out-of-business establishments
are removed from the old panels. The annual sample is supplemented
with a quarterly sample of birth establishments (i.e., new
establishments) to better reflect the impact of younger
establishments in the JOLTS sample.
JOLTS total employment estimates are benchmarked monthly to the
employment estimates of the Current Employment Statistics (CES)
survey. A ratio of CES to JOLTS employment is used to adjust the
levels for all other JOLTS data elements.
JOLTS Business Birth/Death Model
As with any sample survey, the JOLTS sample can only be as
current as its sampling frame. The time lag from the birth of an
establishment until its appearance on the sampling frame is
approximately one year. In addition, many of these new units may
fail within the first year. Since these universe units cannot be
reflected on the sampling frame immediately, the JOLTS sample
cannot capture job openings, hires, and separations from these
units during their early existence. BLS has developed a model to
estimate birth/death activity for current months by examining the
birth/death activity from previous years on the QCEW and projecting
forward to the present using an econometric technique known as X-12
ARIMA modeling. The birth/death model also uses historical JOLTS
data to estimate the amount of “churn” (hires and separations) that
exists in establishments of various sizes. The model then combines
the estimated churn with the projected employment change to
estimate the number of hires and separations taking place in these
units that cannot be measured through sampling.
- 7 -
The model-based estimate of total separations is distributed to
the three components – quits; layoffs and discharges; and other
separations - in proportion to their contribution to the sample-
based estimate of total separations. Additionally, job openings
for the modeled units are estimated by computing the ratio of
openings to hires in the collected data and applying that ratio to
the modeled hires. The estimates of job openings, hires, and
separations produced by the birth/death model are then added to the
sample-based estimates produced from the survey to arrive at the
estimates for openings, hires, and separations.
Seasonal adjustment
BLS seasonally adjusts several JOLTS series using the X-12-ARIMA
seasonal adjustment program. Seasonal adjustment is the process of
estimating and removing periodic fluctuations caused by events such
as weather, holidays, and the beginning and ending of the school
year. Seasonal adjustment makes it easier to observe fundamental
changes in the level of the series, particularly those associated
with general economic expansions and contractions. A concurrent
seasonal adjustment methodology is used in which new seasonal
adjustment factors are calculated each month, using all relevant
data, up to and including the data for the current month.
Alignment procedure
JOLTS hires minus separations should be comparable to the CES net
employment change. However, definitional differences as well as
sampling and non-sampling errors between the two surveys
historically caused JOLTS to diverge from CES over time. To limit
the divergence, and improve the quality of the JOLTS hires and
separations series, BLS implemented the Monthly Alignment Method.
The Monthly Alignment Method applies the CES employment trends to
the seasonally adjusted JOLTS implied employment trend (hires minus
separations) forcing them to be approximately the same, while
preserving the seasonality of the JOLTS data. First, the two
series are seasonally adjusted and the difference between the JOLTS
implied employment trend and the CES net employment change is
calculated. Next, the JOLTS implied employment trend is adjusted to
equal the CES net employment change through a proportional
adjustment. This proportional adjustment procedure adjusts the two
components (hires, separations) proportionally to their
contribution to the total churn (hires plus separations). For
example, if hires are 40 percent of the churn for a given month,
they will receive 40 percent of the needed adjustment and
separations will receive 60 percent of the needed adjustment. The
adjusted hires and separations are converted back to not seasonally
adjusted data by reversing the application of the original seasonal
factors. After the monthly alignment method has been used to
adjust the level estimates, rate estimates are computed from the
adjusted levels. The Monthly Alignment procedure assures a close
match of the JOLTS implied employment trend with the CES trend. The
CES series is considered a highly accurate measure of net
employment change owing to its very large sample size and annual
benchmarking to universe counts of employment from the QCEW
program.
Using JOLTS data
The JOLTS data series on job openings, hires, and separations are
relatively new. The full sample is divided into panels, with one
panel enrolled each month. A full complement of panels for the
original data series based on the 1987 Standard Industrial
Classification (SIC) system was not completely enrolled in the
survey until January 2002. The supplemental panels of
establishments needed to create NAICS estimates were not completely
enrolled until May 2003. The data collected up until those points
are from less than a full sample. Therefore, estimates from
earlier months should be used with caution, as fewer sampled units
were reporting data at that time.
In March 2002, BLS procedures for collecting hires and
separations data were revised to address possible underreporting.
As a result, JOLTS hires and separations estimates for months prior
to March 2002 may not be comparable to estimates for March 2002 and
later.
The federal government reorganization that involved transferring
approximately 180,000 employees to the new Department of Homeland
Security is not reflected in the JOLTS hires and separations
estimates for the federal government. The Office of Personnel
Management's record shows these transfers were completed in March
2003. The inclusion of transfers in the JOLTS definitions of hires
and separations is intended to cover ongoing movements of workers
between establishments. The Department of Homeland Security
reorganization was a massive one-time event, and the inclusion of
these intergovernmental transfers would distort the federal
government time series.
JOLTS uses moving averages as seasonal filters in seasonal
adjustment. JOLTS seasonal adjustment includes both additive and
multiplicative seasonal adjustment models and REGARIMA (regression
with autocorrelated errors) modeling to improve the seasonal
adjustment factors at the beginning and end of the series and to
detect and adjust for outliers in the series.
Reliability of the estimates
JOLTS estimates are subject to both sampling and nonsampling
error. When a sample rather than the entire population is
surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ
from the "true" population values they represent. The exact
difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the particular
sample selected, and this variability is measured by the standard
error of the estimate. BLS analysis is generally conducted at the
90-percent level of confidence. That means that there is a
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90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a
sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard errors from the
"true" population value because of sampling error. Estimates of
sampling errors are available upon request.
The JOLTS estimates also are affected by nonsampling error.
Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, including the failure
to include a segment of the population, the inability to obtain
data from all units in the sample, the inability or unwillingness
of respondents to provide data on a timely basis, mistakes made by
respondents, errors made in the collection or processing of the
data, and errors from the employment benchmark data used in
estimation.
Other information
Information in this release will be made available to sensory
impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-691-5200; TDD
message referral phone: 1-800-877-8339.
Table 1. Job openings levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, seasonally adjusted
Levels(3) (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Apr. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. Apr. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr.
2008 2008 2008 2009 2009 2009 2009p 2008 2008 2008 2009 2009 2009 2009p
Total(4)................................. 3,967 3,311 3,224 2,920 2,973 2,633 2,531 2.8 2.4 2.3 2.1 2.2 1.9 1.9
INDUSTRY
Total private(4)........................ 3,547 2,928 2,861 2,461 2,606 2,269 2,080 3.0 2.5 2.5 2.2 2.3 2.0 1.9
Construction........................... 109 76 66 55 58 51 30 1.5 1.1 .9 .8 .9 .8 .5
Manufacturing.......................... 274 203 188 115 141 115 95 2.0 1.5 1.4 .9 1.1 .9 .8
Trade, transportation, and utilities(5) 630 624 495 488 488 414 332 2.3 2.3 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.6 1.3
Retail trade.......................... 388 410 337 362 334 265 219 2.4 2.6 2.2 2.4 2.2 1.8 1.5
Professional and business services..... 749 505 562 501 482 428 458 4.0 2.8 3.1 2.8 2.8 2.5 2.7
Education and health services.......... 719 697 685 636 589 537 522 3.7 3.5 3.5 3.2 3.0 2.7 2.7
Leisure and hospitality................ 520 302 315 272 332 289 330 3.7 2.2 2.3 2.0 2.4 2.1 2.4
Arts, entertainment, and recreation... 57 35 40 27 30 25 20 2.8 1.8 2.0 1.4 1.5 1.3 1.0
Accommodation and food services....... 470 284 274 242 302 263 317 3.9 2.4 2.4 2.1 2.6 2.3 2.7
Government(6)........................... 413 378 345 417 367 353 450 1.8 1.6 1.5 1.8 1.6 1.5 2.0
State and local government............. 383 337 312 328 317 291 317 1.9 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.6
REGION(7)
Northeast.............................. 647 582 633 560 607 583 550 2.4 2.2 2.4 2.2 2.4 2.3 2.2
South.................................. 1,498 1,267 1,245 1,109 1,109 1,000 951 2.9 2.5 2.5 2.2 2.2 2.0 2.0
Midwest................................ 851 644 607 587 563 499 519 2.6 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.6 1.7
West................................... 956 767 689 655 638 556 572 3.0 2.5 2.2 2.1 2.1 1.8 1.9
1 Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.
2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus
job openings.
3 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.
4 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.
5 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.
6 Includes federal government, not shown separately.
7 The States (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts,
New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of
Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas,
Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio,
South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah,
Washington, and Wyoming.
p = preliminary.
Table 2. Hires levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, seasonally adjusted
Levels(3) (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Apr. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. Apr. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr.
2008 2008 2008 2009 2009 2009 2009p 2008 2008 2008 2009 2009 2009 2009p
Total(4)................................. 4,955 4,226 4,508 4,460 4,339 4,099 4,165 3.6 3.1 3.3 3.3 3.2 3.1 3.1
INDUSTRY
Total private(4)........................ 4,635 3,928 4,214 4,141 4,042 3,799 3,803 4.0 3.5 3.7 3.7 3.6 3.4 3.5
Construction........................... 401 340 366 381 370 343 348 5.5 4.9 5.3 5.7 5.6 5.3 5.5
Manufacturing.......................... 337 257 252 237 257 244 235 2.5 2.0 2.0 1.9 2.1 2.0 1.9
Trade, transportation, and utilities(5) 1,035 852 891 949 814 883 897 3.9 3.3 3.4 3.7 3.2 3.5 3.5
Retail trade.......................... 699 576 595 587 563 595 655 4.5 3.8 4.0 3.9 3.8 4.0 4.4
Professional and business services..... 903 783 786 762 730 668 743 5.0 4.5 4.5 4.4 4.3 4.0 4.4
Education and health services.......... 554 528 528 539 527 483 486 3.0 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.5 2.5
Leisure and hospitality................ 868 706 711 743 704 693 691 6.4 5.3 5.3 5.6 5.3 5.3 5.3
Arts, entertainment, and recreation... 112 92 111 105 89 85 80 5.7 4.7 5.7 5.4 4.6 4.4 4.2
Accommodation and food services....... 750 620 605 627 614 607 606 6.5 5.4 5.3 5.5 5.4 5.4 5.4
Government(6)........................... 319 281 271 306 275 271 338 1.4 1.2 1.2 1.4 1.2 1.2 1.5
State and local government............. 292 251 253 261 252 247 252 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.3
REGION(7)
Northeast.............................. 802 661 726 753 837 696 732 3.1 2.6 2.9 3.0 3.3 2.8 2.9
South.................................. 1,798 1,572 1,659 1,663 1,566 1,458 1,591 3.6 3.2 3.4 3.4 3.2 3.0 3.3
Midwest................................ 1,092 934 1,009 1,003 904 943 921 3.5 3.0 3.3 3.3 3.0 3.1 3.1
West................................... 1,293 1,043 1,053 1,002 960 931 965 4.2 3.4 3.5 3.3 3.2 3.1 3.3
1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.
2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
3 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.
4 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.
5 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.
6 Includes federal government, not shown separately.
7 See footnote 7, table 1.
p = preliminary.
Table 3. Total separations levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, seasonally adjusted
Levels(3) (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Apr. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. Apr. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr.
2008 2008 2008 2009 2009 2009 2009p 2008 2008 2008 2009 2009 2009 2009p
Total(4)................................. 5,152 4,863 4,958 4,949 4,833 4,712 4,718 3.7 3.6 3.7 3.7 3.6 3.5 3.6
INDUSTRY
Total private(4)........................ 4,825 4,571 4,673 4,686 4,555 4,434 4,431 4.2 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.1 4.0 4.0
Construction........................... 461 472 452 524 463 463 441 6.3 6.8 6.6 7.8 7.0 7.2 7.0
Manufacturing.......................... 393 384 419 476 424 401 379 2.9 2.9 3.2 3.8 3.4 3.3 3.1
Trade, transportation, and utilities(5) 1,090 1,030 1,041 1,049 920 1,001 1,008 4.1 4.0 4.0 4.1 3.6 3.9 4.0
Retail trade.......................... 741 680 664 645 590 646 691 4.8 4.5 4.4 4.3 3.9 4.3 4.7
Professional and business services..... 924 909 898 866 951 778 851 5.1 5.2 5.2 5.0 5.6 4.6 5.1
Education and health services.......... 506 466 498 494 498 466 471 2.7 2.4 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.4 2.5
Leisure and hospitality................ 884 773 755 763 731 751 712 6.5 5.8 5.7 5.7 5.5 5.7 5.4
Arts, entertainment, and recreation... 122 98 106 117 88 95 90 6.1 5.0 5.4 6.0 4.5 4.9 4.7
Accommodation and food services....... 763 673 647 650 635 649 616 6.6 5.9 5.7 5.7 5.6 5.8 5.5
Government(6)........................... 300 282 278 277 271 265 270 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2
State and local government............. 277 258 251 267 251 251 249 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3
REGION(7)
Northeast.............................. 842 767 799 813 783 878 705 3.3 3.0 3.2 3.2 3.1 3.5 2.8
South.................................. 1,890 1,841 1,815 1,898 1,742 1,741 1,704 3.8 3.8 3.7 3.9 3.6 3.6 3.6
Midwest................................ 1,140 1,105 1,088 1,120 1,121 1,085 1,054 3.6 3.6 3.5 3.7 3.7 3.6 3.5
West................................... 1,244 1,205 1,227 1,180 1,188 978 1,231 4.0 4.0 4.0 3.9 4.0 3.3 4.1
1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.
2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
3 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.
4 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.
5 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.
6 Includes federal government, not shown separately.
7 See footnote 7, table 1.
p = preliminary.
Table 4. Quits levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, seasonally adjusted
Levels(3) (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Apr. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. Apr. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr.
2008 2008 2008 2009 2009 2009 2009p 2008 2008 2008 2009 2009 2009 2009p
Total(4)................................. 2,820 2,201 2,114 2,063 1,911 1,856 1,771 2.0 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.3
INDUSTRY
Total private(4)........................ 2,668 2,076 1,984 1,945 1,831 1,749 1,674 2.3 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.5
Construction........................... 161 109 92 85 87 102 64 2.2 1.6 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.6 1.0
Manufacturing.......................... 187 122 87 105 105 81 82 1.4 .9 .7 .8 .8 .7 .7
Trade, transportation, and utilities(5) 595 489 518 469 372 444 385 2.2 1.9 2.0 1.8 1.5 1.7 1.5
Retail trade.......................... 416 352 379 360 323 344 263 2.7 2.3 2.5 2.4 2.2 2.3 1.8
Professional and business services..... 464 349 297 326 310 278 269 2.6 2.0 1.7 1.9 1.8 1.6 1.6
Education and health services.......... 321 251 256 248 258 249 230 1.7 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.2
Leisure and hospitality................ 625 469 461 443 431 433 424 4.6 3.5 3.5 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.2
Arts, entertainment, and recreation... 50 35 29 31 36 35 39 2.5 1.8 1.5 1.6 1.9 1.8 2.0
Accommodation and food services....... 576 437 435 412 399 402 389 5.0 3.8 3.8 3.6 3.5 3.6 3.5
Government(6)........................... 150 122 130 105 115 107 99 .7 .5 .6 .5 .5 .5 .4
State and local government............. 142 117 121 100 110 106 93 .7 .6 .6 .5 .6 .5 .5
REGION(7)
Northeast.............................. 481 321 302 278 271 273 271 1.9 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1
South.................................. 1,122 879 847 790 759 751 682 2.3 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.4
Midwest................................ 602 491 452 491 468 431 412 1.9 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.4
West................................... 658 510 498 492 453 408 439 2.1 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.5
1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.
2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
3 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.
4 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.
5 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.
6 Includes federal government, not shown separately.
7 See footnote 7, table 1.
p = preliminary.
Table 5. Job openings levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Apr. Mar. Apr. Apr. Mar. Apr.
2008 2009 2009p 2008 2009 2009p
Total........................................... 4,379 2,512 2,826 3.1 1.9 2.1
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 3,952 2,180 2,365 3.3 2.0 2.1
Mining and Logging............................ 21 11 11 2.7 1.5 1.5
Construction.................................. 127 54 33 1.7 .9 .5
Manufacturing................................. 301 118 115 2.2 1.0 .9
Durable goods................................ 174 57 57 2.0 .8 .8
Nondurable goods............................. 127 61 58 2.5 1.3 1.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 671 403 352 2.5 1.6 1.4
Wholesale trade.............................. 163 109 75 2.6 1.9 1.3
Retail trade................................. 403 236 210 2.6 1.6 1.4
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 106 58 67 2.0 1.2 1.4
Information................................... 111 55 43 3.5 1.9 1.5
Financial activities.......................... 279 172 194 3.3 2.2 2.4
Finance and insurance........................ 207 126 154 3.3 2.1 2.6
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 72 46 40 3.3 2.3 2.0
Professional and business services............ 813 396 510 4.3 2.3 3.0
Education and health services................. 805 519 566 4.1 2.6 2.8
Educational services......................... 79 33 52 2.4 1.0 1.6
Health care and social assistance............ 726 486 514 4.4 2.9 3.1
Leisure and hospitality....................... 627 301 399 4.5 2.3 3.0
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 78 26 27 3.9 1.5 1.4
Accommodation and food services............. 549 274 373 4.6 2.4 3.2
Other services................................ 197 151 141 3.4 2.7 2.5
Government..................................... 427 331 460 1.8 1.4 2.0
Federal....................................... 38 58 134 1.4 2.0 4.5
State and local............................... 389 274 326 1.9 1.3 1.6
REGION (3)
Northeast..................................... 719 540 589 2.7 2.1 2.3
South......................................... 1,673 959 1,008 3.3 2.0 2.1
Midwest....................................... 940 497 571 2.9 1.6 1.9
West.......................................... 1,047 517 658 3.3 1.7 2.2
1 Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.
2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a
percent of total employment plus job openings.
3 See footnote 7, table 1.
p = preliminary.
Table 6. Hires levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Apr. Mar. Apr. Apr. Mar. Apr.
2008 2009 2009p 2008 2009 2009p
Total........................................... 5,417 3,701 4,584 3.9 2.8 3.5
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 5,174 3,513 4,313 4.5 3.2 3.9
Mining and Logging............................ 36 16 18 4.8 2.2 2.4
Construction.................................. 552 356 475 7.7 5.8 7.7
Manufacturing................................. 346 237 236 2.6 1.9 2.0
Durable goods................................ 201 145 133 2.3 1.9 1.8
Nondurable goods............................. 145 92 103 2.9 2.0 2.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 1,086 818 957 4.1 3.2 3.8
Wholesale trade.............................. 201 125 147 3.4 2.2 2.6
Retail trade................................. 703 552 675 4.6 3.8 4.6
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 181 140 136 3.6 2.9 2.8
Information................................... 77 57 79 2.5 2.0 2.7
Financial activities.......................... 261 148 191 3.2 1.9 2.5
Finance and insurance........................ 168 93 105 2.8 1.6 1.8
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 93 55 87 4.4 2.8 4.4
Professional and business services............ 995 629 827 5.6 3.8 4.9
Education and health services................. 552 419 473 2.9 2.2 2.4
Educational services......................... 70 39 43 2.2 1.2 1.3
Health care and social assistance............ 483 379 430 3.1 2.4 2.7
Leisure and hospitality....................... 1,027 676 816 7.7 5.3 6.3
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 153 82 102 7.9 4.6 5.5
Accommodation and food services............. 874 595 714 7.6 5.4 6.4
Other services................................ 243 156 241 4.4 2.9 4.5
Government..................................... 243 188 271 1.1 .8 1.2
Federal....................................... 30 23 88 1.1 .8 3.1
State and local............................... 213 165 183 1.1 .8 .9
REGION (3)
Northeast..................................... 885 610 803 3.4 2.5 3.2
South......................................... 1,914 1,348 1,719 3.9 2.8 3.6
Midwest....................................... 1,217 888 1,010 3.9 3.0 3.4
West.......................................... 1,401 854 1,052 4.5 2.9 3.6
1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.
2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
3 See footnote 7, table 1.
p = preliminary.
Table 7. Total separations levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Apr. Mar. Apr. Apr. Mar. Apr.
2008 2009 2009p 2008 2009 2009p
Total........................................... 5,248 3,904 4,744 3.8 3.0 3.6
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 5,019 3,737 4,538 4.4 3.4 4.2
Mining and Logging............................ 31 31 29 4.1 4.3 4.0
Construction.................................. 445 374 426 6.2 6.1 6.9
Manufacturing................................. 432 371 401 3.2 3.0 3.3
Durable goods................................ 265 251 268 3.1 3.3 3.6
Nondurable goods............................. 168 120 134 3.4 2.6 2.9
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 1,099 822 1,035 4.2 3.3 4.1
Wholesale trade.............................. 201 148 177 3.4 2.6 3.1
Retail trade................................. 728 523 696 4.8 3.6 4.8
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 170 151 162 3.3 3.1 3.4
Information................................... 83 69 91 2.8 2.4 3.1
Financial activities.......................... 285 197 228 3.5 2.5 2.9
Finance and insurance........................ 185 112 139 3.1 1.9 2.4
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 100 85 89 4.7 4.3 4.5
Professional and business services............ 948 741 872 5.3 4.4 5.2
Education and health services................. 520 393 475 2.8 2.0 2.5
Educational services......................... 62 41 52 2.0 1.3 1.6
Health care and social assistance............ 458 352 423 2.9 2.2 2.6
Leisure and hospitality....................... 928 580 737 6.9 4.5 5.7
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 116 62 87 6.0 3.5 4.7
Accommodation and food services............. 811 518 650 7.1 4.7 5.8
Other services................................ 248 158 244 4.5 2.9 4.5
Government..................................... 229 167 205 1.0 .7 .9
Federal....................................... 22 12 20 .8 .4 .7
State and local............................... 207 156 185 1.0 .8 .9
REGION (3)
Northeast..................................... 853 687 713 3.3 2.8 2.9
South......................................... 2,070 1,475 1,807 4.2 3.1 3.8
Midwest....................................... 1,085 880 982 3.5 2.9 3.3
West.......................................... 1,240 862 1,243 4.0 2.9 4.2
1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.
2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of
total employment.
3 See footnote 7, table 1.
p = preliminary.
Table 8. Quits levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Apr. Mar. Apr. Apr. Mar. Apr.
2008 2009 2009p 2008 2009 2009p
Total........................................... 2,996 1,591 1,869 2.2 1.2 1.4
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 2,867 1,515 1,789 2.5 1.4 1.6
Mining and Logging............................ 18 7 12 2.4 .9 1.7
Construction.................................. 173 80 68 2.4 1.3 1.1
Manufacturing................................. 198 73 88 1.5 .6 .7
Durable goods................................ 117 35 42 1.4 .5 .6
Nondurable goods............................. 81 38 46 1.6 .8 1.0
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 633 380 398 2.4 1.5 1.6
Wholesale trade.............................. 101 48 47 1.7 .8 .8
Retail trade................................. 431 273 276 2.8 1.9 1.9
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 101 59 75 2.0 1.2 1.6
Information................................... 51 22 40 1.7 .8 1.4
Financial activities.......................... 162 63 86 2.0 .8 1.1
Finance and insurance........................ 104 37 50 1.7 .6 .9
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 59 26 36 2.8 1.3 1.8
Professional and business services............ 463 275 264 2.6 1.6 1.6
Education and health services................. 336 211 234 1.8 1.1 1.2
Educational services......................... 24 19 21 .7 .6 .6
Health care and social assistance............ 312 192 214 2.0 1.2 1.3
Leisure and hospitality....................... 663 336 448 5.0 2.6 3.4
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 44 20 34 2.3 1.1 1.8
Accommodation and food services............. 619 316 414 5.4 2.9 3.7
Other services................................ 170 69 152 3.1 1.3 2.8
Government..................................... 129 76 79 .6 .3 .3
Federal....................................... 8 2 5 .3 .1 .2
State and local............................... 121 74 75 .6 .4 .4
REGION (3)
Northeast..................................... 490 237 273 1.9 1.0 1.1
South......................................... 1,250 658 759 2.5 1.4 1.6
Midwest....................................... 603 360 398 1.9 1.2 1.3
West.......................................... 653 335 438 2.1 1.1 1.5
1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.
2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
3 See footnote 7, table 1.
p = preliminary.
Table 9. Layoffs and discharges levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Apr. Mar. Apr. Apr. Mar. Apr.
2008 2009 2009p 2008 2009 2009p
Total........................................... 1,829 2,029 2,496 1.3 1.5 1.9
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 1,773 1,970 2,409 1.5 1.8 2.2
Mining and Logging............................ 10 23 14 1.4 3.1 1.9
Construction.................................. 235 285 340 3.3 4.7 5.5
Manufacturing................................. 202 274 292 1.5 2.3 2.4
Durable goods................................ 127 202 212 1.5 2.7 2.8
Nondurable goods............................. 74 73 80 1.5 1.6 1.7
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 336 368 511 1.3 1.5 2.0
Wholesale trade.............................. 89 82 116 1.5 1.4 2.0
Retail trade................................. 188 204 319 1.2 1.4 2.2
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 59 83 76 1.2 1.7 1.6
Information................................... 22 40 41 .7 1.4 1.4
Financial activities.......................... 92 115 105 1.1 1.5 1.4
Finance and insurance........................ 62 61 57 1.0 1.0 1.0
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 30 54 48 1.4 2.7 2.4
Professional and business services............ 452 418 540 2.5 2.5 3.2
Education and health services................. 139 132 199 .7 .7 1.0
Educational services......................... 35 13 27 1.1 .4 .9
Health care and social assistance............ 104 119 172 .7 .7 1.1
Leisure and hospitality....................... 225 228 274 1.7 1.8 2.1
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 65 40 52 3.3 2.3 2.8
Accommodation and food services............. 161 188 222 1.4 1.7 2.0
Other services................................ 60 87 92 1.1 1.6 1.7
Government..................................... 56 59 87 .2 .3 .4
Federal....................................... 7 4 8 .3 .1 .3
State and local............................... 48 55 79 .2 .3 .4
REGION (3)
Northeast..................................... 275 376 379 1.1 1.5 1.5
South......................................... 668 720 900 1.3 1.5 1.9
Midwest....................................... 380 461 509 1.2 1.5 1.7
West.......................................... 507 473 709 1.6 1.6 2.4
1 Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.
2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a
percent of total employment.
3 See footnote 7, table 1.
p = preliminary.
Table 10. Other separations levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Apr. Mar. Apr. Apr. Mar. Apr.
2008 2009 2009p 2008 2009 2009p
Total........................................... 422 284 379 0.3 0.2 0.3
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 378 251 340 .3 .2 .3
Mining and Logging............................ 3 2 3 .3 .3 .5
Construction.................................. 37 9 17 .5 .2 .3
Manufacturing................................. 33 23 22 .2 .2 .2
Durable goods................................ 21 15 14 .2 .2 .2
Nondurable goods............................. 12 8 8 .3 .2 .2
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 130 74 126 .5 .3 .5
Wholesale trade.............................. 11 18 14 .2 .3 .2
Retail trade................................. 110 46 100 .7 .3 .7
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 10 10 12 .2 .2 .3
Information................................... 10 7 10 .3 .2 .3
Financial activities.......................... 31 20 37 .4 .3 .5
Finance and insurance........................ 19 14 32 .3 .2 .6
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 12 6 5 .5 .3 .2
Professional and business services............ 33 48 68 .2 .3 .4
Education and health services................. 45 50 42 .2 .3 .2
Educational services......................... 4 9 4 .1 .3 .1
Health care and social assistance............ 41 41 38 .3 .3 .2
Leisure and hospitality....................... 39 16 15 .3 .1 .1
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 8 2 2 .4 .1 .1
Accommodation and food services............. 31 14 14 .3 .1 .1
Other services................................ 17 2 (4) .3 (4) (4)
Government..................................... 44 33 39 .2 .1 .2
Federal....................................... 6 6 7 .2 .2 .3
State and local............................... 38 27 32 .2 .1 .2
REGION (3)
Northeast..................................... 88 74 61 .3 .3 .2
South......................................... 152 98 148 .3 .2 .3
Midwest....................................... 102 59 75 .3 .2 .2
West.......................................... 81 53 96 .3 .2 .3
1 Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.
2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of
total employment.
3 See footnote 7, table 1.
4 Data round to zero.
p = preliminary.
United States Department of Labor
