For release 10:00 a.m. (EDT) Tuesday, June 19, 2012 USDL-12-1244
Technical information: (202) 691-5870 • JoltsInfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/jlt
Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov
Job Openings and Labor Turnover – April 2012
There were 3.4 million job openings on the last business day of April,
down from 3.7 million in March, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
reported today. The hires rate (3.1 percent) and separations rate (3.1
percent) were essentially unchanged in April. This release includes
estimates of the number and rate of job openings, hires, and
separations for the nonfarm sector by industry and by geographic
region.
Job Openings
The number of job openings in April was 3.4 million, a decline from
March. (See table 1.) Job openings decreased for total nonfarm, total
private, and government as well as in manufacturing, professional and
business services, and state and local government. The number of
openings also decreased in April for the Midwest region. Although the
number of total nonfarm job openings declined in April, the number of
openings was 1.0 million higher than at the end of the recession in
June 2009.
The number of job openings in April (not seasonally adjusted)
increased over the year for total nonfarm and total private but was
little changed for government. Job openings increased over the year
for several industries and the Northeast and South regions. (See table
5.)
Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally
adjusted
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Job openings | Hires | Total separations
|--------------------------------------------------------------
Industry | Apr. | Mar. | Apr. | Apr. | Mar. | Apr. | Apr. | Mar. | Apr.
| 2011 | 2012 | 2012p| 2011 | 2012 | 2012p| 2011 | 2012 | 2012p
-------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------
| Levels (in thousands)
|--------------------------------------------------------------
Total..............|3,014 |3,741 |3,416 |4,015 |4,335 |4,175 |3,799 |4,167 |4,086
| | | | | | | | |
Total private(1)..|2,688 |3,362 |3,080 |3,738 |4,041 |3,882 |3,496 |3,869 |3,785
Construction.....| 119 | 92 | 90 | 338 | 286 | 281 | 358 | 281 | 293
Manufacturing....| 223 | 308 | 246 | 257 | 263 | 255 | 233 | 234 | 232
Trade, trans- | | | | | | | | |
portation, and | | | | | | | | |
utilities(2)....| 500 | 598 | 550 | 802 | 827 | 829 | 714 | 832 | 829
Retail trade....| 296 | 368 | 322 | 563 | 550 | 551 | 509 | 566 | 558
Professional | | | | | | | | |
and business | | | | | | | | |
services........| 557 | 787 | 679 | 832 | 888 | 854 | 803 | 835 | 798
Education and | | | | | | | | |
health ser- | | | | | | | | |
vices(3)........| 536 | 670 | 653 | 456 | 523 | 488 | 408 | 473 | 470
Health care | | | | | | | | |
and social | | | | | | | | |
assistance.....| 478 | 605 | 601 | 386 | 442 | 422 | 352 | 414 | 408
Leisure and | | | | | | | | |
hospitality.....| 305 | 431 | 428 | 675 | 795 | 733 | 623 | 753 | 710
Arts, enter- | | | | | | | | |
tainment and | | | | | | | | |
recreation.....| 37 | 57 | 55 | 116 | 154 | 128 | 114 | 128 | 134
Accommodation | | | | | | | | |
and food | | | | | | | | |
services.......| 268 | 375 | 374 | 560 | 640 | 606 | 509 | 625 | 576
Government(4).....| 326 | 378 | 336 | 277 | 294 | 293 | 304 | 299 | 301
State and local | | | | | | | | |
government......| 279 | 310 | 268 | 251 | 264 | 261 | 272 | 267 | 268
|--------------------------------------------------------------
| Rates (percent)
|--------------------------------------------------------------
Total..............| 2.2 | 2.7 | 2.5 | 3.1 | 3.3 | 3.1 | 2.9 | 3.1 | 3.1
| | | | | | | | |
Total private(1)..| 2.4 | 2.9 | 2.7 | 3.4 | 3.6 | 3.5 | 3.2 | 3.5 | 3.4
Construction.....| 2.1 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 6.2 | 5.1 | 5.1 | 6.5 | 5.1 | 5.3
Manufacturing....| 1.9 | 2.5 | 2.0 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.1 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 1.9
Trade, trans- | | | | | | | | |
portation, and | | | | | | | | |
utilities(2)....| 2.0 | 2.3 | 2.1 | 3.2 | 3.3 | 3.3 | 2.9 | 3.3 | 3.3
Retail trade....| 2.0 | 2.4 | 2.1 | 3.9 | 3.7 | 3.7 | 3.5 | 3.8 | 3.8
Professional | | | | | | | | |
and business | | | | | | | | |
services........| 3.1 | 4.2 | 3.7 | 4.8 | 5.0 | 4.8 | 4.7 | 4.7 | 4.5
Education and | | | | | | | | |
health ser- | | | | | | | | |
vices(3)........|. 2.6 | 3.2 | 3.1 | 2.3 | 2.6 | 2.4 | 2.1 | 2.3 | 2.3
Health care | | | | | | | | |
and social | | | | | | | | |
assistance.....|. 2.8 | 3.5 | 3.4 | 2.3 | 2.6 | 2.5 | 2.1 | 2.4 | 2.4
Leisure and | | | | | | | | |
hospitality.....| 2.2 | 3.1 | 3.1 | 5.1 | 5.8 | 5.4 | 4.7 | 5.5 | 5.2
Arts, enter- | | | | | | | | |
tainment and | | | | | | | | |
recreation.....| 1.9 | 2.8 | 2.8 | 6.0 | 7.9 | 6.6 | 5.9 | 6.6 | 6.9
Accommodation | | | | | | | | |
and food | | | | | | | | |
services.......| 2.3 | 3.1 | 3.1 | 4.9 | 5.5 | 5.2 | 4.5 | 5.4 | 4.9
Government(4).....| 1.4 | 1.7 | 1.5 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.4
State and local | | | | | | | | |
government......| 1.4 | 1.6 | 1.4 | 1.3 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.4
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and
other services, not shown separately.
2 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not
shown separately.
3 Includes educational services, not shown separately.
4 Includes federal government, not shown separately.
p = Preliminary
Hires
In April, the hires rate was little changed at 3.1 percent for total
nonfarm. The hires rate was little changed in all industries and
regions. (See table 2.) The number of hires in April 2012 was 4.2
million, up from 3.7 million at the end of the recession in June 2009.
Over the 12 months ending in April, the hires rate (not seasonally
adjusted) was unchanged for total nonfarm, total private, and
government. The hires rate declined over the year in construction but
rose in finance and insurance. (See table 6.)
Separations
The total separations figure includes quits, layoffs and discharges,
and other separations, including retirements. Total separations is
also referred to as turnover.
The seasonally adjusted total separations rate was unchanged for total
nonfarm and government, and little changed for total private in April.
(See table 3.) Over the year, the total separations rate (not
seasonally adjusted) was little changed for total nonfarm and total
private, and unchanged for government. (See table 7.)
The quits rate can serve as a measure of workers’ willingness or
ability to change jobs. In April, the quits rate was unchanged for
total nonfarm, and essentially unchanged for total private and
government. (See table 4.) The number of quits was 2.1 million in
April 2012, up from 1.8 million at the end of the recession in June
2009.
The number of quits (not seasonally adjusted) in April increased over
the year for total nonfarm, total private, and government. The number
of quits increased over the year in several industries. (See table 8.)
The layoffs and discharges component of total separations is
seasonally adjusted at the total nonfarm, total private, and
government levels and for the four regions. The layoffs and discharges
rate displayed little or no change in April for total nonfarm, total
private, government, and all four regions. (See table B.) The number
of layoffs and discharges for total nonfarm was 1.7 million in April
2012, down from 2.1 million at the end of the recession in June 2009.
Table B. Layoffs and discharges, seasonally adjusted
------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Levels (in thousands) | Rates (percent)
|------------------------------------------------
Industry and region(1) | Apr. | Mar. | Apr. | Apr. | Mar. | Apr.
| 2011 | 2012 | 2012p| 2011 | 2012 | 2012p
-----------------------|------------------------------------------------
Total..................| 1,616 | 1,652 | 1,720 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.3
Total private.........| 1,476 | 1,552 | 1,623 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.5
Government............| 140 | 100 | 97 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.4
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
Northeast.............| 382 | 277 | 301 | 1.5 | 1.1 | 1.2
South.................| 486 | 648 | 622 | 1.0 | 1.3 | 1.3
Midwest...............| 428 | 364 | 407 | 1.4 | 1.2 | 1.3
West..................| 319 | 364 | 391 | 1.1 | 1.2 | 1.3
------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 For region definitions see footnote 8, table 1.
p = Preliminary
The layoffs and discharges level (not seasonally adjusted) for total
nonfarm, total private, and government was little changed over the 12
months ending in April 2012. Over the year, the number of layoffs and
discharges rose for health care and social assistance and in the South
region. (See table 9.)
The other separations component of total separations is seasonally
adjusted at the total nonfarm, total private, and government levels.
Other separations include separations due to retirement, death, and
disability, as well as transfers to other locations of the same firm.
In April 2012, there were 296,000 other separations for total nonfarm,
a decline from March. Over the 12 months ending in April 2012, the
number of other separations was little changed. (See table C and 10.)
Table C. Other separations, seasonally adjusted
--------------------------------------------------------------------
| Levels (in thousands) | Rates (percent)
|------------------------------------------------
Industry | Apr. | Mar. | Apr. | Apr. | Mar. | Apr.
| 2011 | 2012 | 2012p| 2011 | 2012 | 2012p
-------------------|------------------------------------------------
Total..............| 309 | 356 | 296 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.2
Total private.....| 251 | 292 | 236 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.2
Government........| 59 | 64 | 60 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3
--------------------------------------------------------------------
p = Preliminary
Net Change in Employment
Large numbers of hires and separations occur every month throughout
the business cycle. Net employment change results from the
relationship between hires and separations. When the number of hires
exceeds the number of separations, employment rises, even if the hires
level is steady or declining. Conversely, when the number of hires is
less than the number of separations, employment declines, even if the
hires level is steady or rising. Over the 12 months ending in April
2012, hires totaled 50.9 million and separations totaled 49.1 million,
yielding a net employment gain of 1.8 million. These figures include
workers who may have been hired and separated more than once during
the year.
____________
The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey results for May 2012 are
scheduled to be released on Tuesday, July 10, 2012 at 10:00 a.m.
(EDT).
Technical Note
The data for the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS)
are collected and compiled monthly from a sample of business
establishments by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).
Collection
In a monthly survey of business establishments, data are
collected for total employment, job openings, hires, quits, layoffs
and discharges, and other separations. Data collection methods
include computer-assisted telephone interviewing, touchtone data
entry, web, fax, e-mail, and mail.
Coverage
The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments such
as factories, offices, and stores, as well as federal, state, and
local government entities in the 50 states and the District of
Columbia.
Concepts
Industry classification. The industry classifications in this
release are in accordance with the 2012 version of the North
American Industry Classification System (NAICS). In order to
ensure the highest possible quality of data, State Workforce
Agencies verify with employers and update, if necessary, the
industry code, location, and ownership classification of all
establishments on a 3-year cycle. Changes in establishment
characteristics resulting from the verification process are always
introduced into the JOLTS sampling frame with the data reported for
the first month of the year.
Employment. Employment includes persons on the payroll who
worked or received pay for the pay period that includes the 12th
day of the reference month. Full-time, part-time, permanent, short-
term, seasonal, salaried, and hourly employees are included, as are
employees on paid vacations or other paid leave. Proprietors or
partners of unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, or
persons on leave without pay or on strike for the entire pay
period, are not counted as employed. Employees of temporary help
agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, and
consultants are counted by their employer of record, not by the
establishment where they are working.
Job openings. Establishments submit job openings information for
the last business day of the reference month. A job opening
requires that: 1) a specific position exists and there is work
available for that position, 2) work could start within 30 days
regardless of whether a suitable candidate is found, and 3) the
employer is actively recruiting from outside the establishment to
fill the position. Included are full-time, part-time, permanent,
short-term, and seasonal openings. Active recruiting means that
the establishment is taking steps to fill a position by advertising
in newspapers or on the Internet, posting help-wanted signs,
accepting applications, or using other similar methods.
Jobs to be filled only by internal transfers, promotions,
demotions, or recall from layoffs are excluded. Also excluded are
jobs with start dates more than 30 days in the future, jobs for
which employees have been hired but have not yet reported for work,
and jobs to be filled by employees of temporary help agencies,
employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants.
The job openings rate is computed by dividing the number of job
openings by the sum of employment and job openings and multiplying
that quotient by 100.
Hires. Hires are the total number of additions to the payroll
occurring at any time during the reference month, including both
new and rehired employees, full-time and part-time, permanent,
short-term and seasonal employees, employees recalled to the
location after a layoff lasting more than 7 days, on-call or
intermittent employees who returned to work after having been
formally separated, and transfers from other locations. The hires
count does not include transfers or promotions within the reporting
site, employees returning from strike, employees of temporary help
agencies or employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or
consultants. The hires rate is computed by dividing the number of
hires by employment and multiplying that quotient by 100.
Separations. Separations are the total number of terminations of
employment occurring at any time during the reference month, and
are reported by type of separation--quits, layoffs and discharges,
and other separations. Quits are voluntary separations by
employees (except for retirements, which are reported as other
separations). Layoffs and discharges are involuntary separations
initiated by the employer and include layoffs with no intent to
rehire; formal layoffs lasting or expected to last more than 7
days; discharges resulting from mergers, downsizing, or closings;
firings or other discharges for cause; terminations of permanent or
short-term employees; and terminations of seasonal employees.
Other separations include retirements, transfers to other
locations, deaths, and separations due to disability. Separations
do not include transfers within the same location or employees on
strike.
The separations rate is computed by dividing the number of
separations by employment and multiplying that quotient by 100.
The quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations rates are
computed similarly, dividing the number by employment and
multiplying by 100.
Annual estimates. Annual estimates of rates and levels of hires,
quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total
separations are released with the January news release each year.
The JOLTS annual level estimates for hires, quits, layoffs and
discharges, other separations, and total separations are the sum of
the 12 published monthly levels. The annual rate estimates are
computed by dividing the annual level by the Current Employment
Statistics (CES) annual average employment level, and multiplying
that quotient by 100. This figure will be approximately equal to
the sum of the 12 monthly rates. Note that both the JOLTS and CES
annual levels are rounded to the nearest thousand before the annual
estimates are calculated. Consistent with BLS practices, annual
estimates are published only for not seasonally adjusted data.
Annual estimates are not calculated for job openings because job
openings are a stock, or point-in-time, measurement for the last
business day of each month. Only jobs still open on the last day
of the month are counted. For the same reason job openings cannot
be cumulated throughout each month, annual figures for job openings
cannot be created by summing the monthly estimates. Hires and
separations are flow measures and are cumulated over the month with
a total reported for the month. Therefore, the annual figures can
be created by summing the monthly estimates.
Special collection procedures
An implied measure of employment change can be derived from the
JOLTS data by subtracting separations from hires for a given
month. Aggregating these monthly changes historically produced
employment levels that overstated employment change as measured by
CES at the total nonfarm level. Research into this problem showed
that a significant amount of the divergence between the CES
employment levels and the derived JOLTS employment levels was
traceable to the Employment Services industry and to the State
Government Education industry. In the former industry, businesses
have a difficult time reporting hires and separations of temporary
help workers. In the latter industry, employers have difficulty
reporting hires and separations of student workers. BLS now
devotes additional resources to the collection, editing, and review
of data for these industries. BLS analysts more closely examine
reported data that do not provide a consistent picture over time,
and re-contact the respondents as necessary. Analysts work with
the respondents to adjust their reporting practices as possible.
Units that cannot be reconciled but are clearly incorrect on a
consistent basis are not used, they are replaced by imputed values
using standard techniques.
Sample and estimation methodology
The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random sample of 16,400
nonfarm business establishments, including factories, offices, and
stores, as well as federal, state, and local governments in the 50
states and the District of Columbia. The establishments are drawn
from a universe of over 9.1 million establishments compiled as part
of the operations of the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages
(QCEW) program. This program includes all employers subject to state
Unemployment Insurance (UI) laws and federal agencies subject to
Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees (UCFE).
The sampling frame is stratified by ownership, region, industry
sector, and establishment size class. The JOLTS sample is constructed
from individual panels of sample units drawn on an annual basis. The
full annual sample consists of one certainty panel composed of only
large units selected with virtual certainty based on their size and
24 non-certainty panels. Each month a new non-certainty panel is
rolled into collection, and the oldest non-certainty panel is
rolled out. This means that at any given time the JOLTS sample is
constructed from panels from three different annual sampling
frames. The entire sample of old plus new panels is post-
stratified and re-weighted annually to represent the most recent
sampling frame. Additionally, the out-of-business establishments
are removed from the old panels. The annual sample is supplemented
with a quarterly sample of birth establishments (i.e., new
establishments) to better reflect the impact of younger
establishments in the JOLTS sample.
JOLTS total employment estimates are benchmarked or ratio adjusted
monthly to the strike-adjusted employment estimates of the Current
Employment Statistics (CES) survey. A ratio of CES to JOLTS employment
is used to adjust the levels for all other JOLTS data elements.
JOLTS business birth/death model
As with any sample survey, the JOLTS sample can only be as
current as its sampling frame. The time lag from the birth of an
establishment until its appearance on the sampling frame is
approximately one year. In addition, many of these new units may
fail within the first year. Since these universe units cannot be
reflected on the sampling frame immediately, the JOLTS
sample cannot capture job openings, hires, and separations from
these units during their early existence. BLS has developed a model
to estimate birth/death activity for current months by examining the
birth/death activity from previous years on the QCEW and projecting
forward using the ratio of over-the-year CES employment change.
The birth/death model also uses historical JOLTS data to estimate the
amount of “churn” (hires and separations) that exists in establishments
of various sizes. The model then combines the estimated churn with
the projected employment change to estimate the number of hires and
separations taking place in these units that cannot be measured
through sampling.
The model-based estimate of total separations is distributed to
the three components–-quits; layoffs and discharges; and other
separations--in proportion to their contribution to the sample-
based estimate of total separations. Additionally, job openings
for the modeled units are estimated by computing the ratio of
openings to hires in the collected data and applying that ratio to
the modeled hires. The estimates of job openings, hires, and
separations produced by the birth/death model are then added to the
sample-based estimates produced from the survey to arrive at the
estimates for openings, hires, and separations.
Seasonal adjustment
BLS seasonally adjusts several JOLTS series using the X-12 ARIMA
seasonal adjustment program. Seasonal adjustment is the process of
estimating and removing periodic fluctuations caused by events such
as weather, holidays, and the beginning and ending of the school
year. Seasonal adjustment makes it easier to observe fundamental
changes in the level of the series, particularly those associated
with general economic expansions and contractions. A concurrent
seasonal adjustment methodology is used in which new seasonal
adjustment factors are calculated each month, using all relevant
data, up to and including the data for the current month.
JOLTS uses moving averages as seasonal filters in seasonal
adjustment. JOLTS seasonal adjustment includes both additive and
multiplicative seasonal adjustment models and REGARIMA (regression
with autocorrelated errors) modeling to improve the seasonal
adjustment factors at the beginning and end of the series and to
detect and adjust for outliers in the series.
Alignment procedure
JOLTS hires minus separations should be comparable to the CES net
employment change. However, definitional differences as well as
sampling and non-sampling errors between the two surveys
historically caused JOLTS to diverge from CES over time. To limit
the divergence, and improve the quality of the JOLTS hires and
separations series, BLS implemented the Monthly Alignment Method.
The Monthly Alignment Method applies the CES employment trends to
the seasonally adjusted JOLTS implied employment trend (hires minus
separations) forcing them to be approximately the same, while
preserving the seasonality of the JOLTS data. First, the two
series are seasonally adjusted and the difference between the JOLTS
implied employment trend and the CES net employment change is
calculated. Next, the JOLTS implied employment trend is adjusted to
equal the CES net employment change through a proportional
adjustment. This proportional adjustment procedure adjusts the two
components (hires, separations) proportionally to their
contribution to the total churn (hires plus separations). For
example, if hires are 40 percent of the churn for a given month,
they will receive 40 percent of the needed adjustment and
separations will receive 60 percent of the needed adjustment. The
adjusted hires and separations are converted back to not seasonally
adjusted data by reversing the application of the original seasonal
factors. After the Monthly Alignment Method has been used to
adjust the level estimates, rate estimates are computed from the
adjusted levels. The monthly alignment procedure assures a close
match of the JOLTS implied employment trend with the CES trend. The
CES series is considered a highly accurate measure of net
employment change owing to its very large sample size and annual
benchmarking to universe counts of employment from the QCEW
program.
Historical changes in JOLTS data
The JOLTS data series on job openings, hires, and separations are
relatively new. The full sample is divided into panels, with one
panel enrolled each month. A full complement of panels for the
original data series based on the 1987 Standard Industrial
Classification (SIC) system was not completely enrolled in the
survey until January 2002. The supplemental panels of
establishments needed to create NAICS estimates were not completely
enrolled until May 2003. The data collected up until those points
are from less than a full sample. Therefore, estimates from
earlier months should be used with caution, as fewer sampled units
were reporting data at that time.
In March 2002, BLS procedures for collecting hires and
separations data were revised to address possible underreporting.
As a result, JOLTS hires and separations estimates for months prior
to March 2002 may not be comparable to estimates for March 2002 and
later.
The federal government reorganization that involved transferring
approximately 180,000 employees to the new Department of Homeland
Security is not reflected in the JOLTS hires and separations
estimates for the federal government. The Office of Personnel
Management's record shows these transfers were completed in March
2003. The inclusion of transfers in the JOLTS definitions of hires
and separations is intended to cover ongoing movements of workers
between establishments. The Department of Homeland Security
reorganization was a massive one-time event, and the inclusion of
these intergovernmental transfers would distort the federal government
time series.
Reliability of the estimates
JOLTS estimates are subject to both sampling and nonsampling
error. When a sample rather than the entire population is
surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ
from the "true" population values they represent. The exact
difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the particular
sample selected, and this variability is measured by the standard
error of the estimate. BLS analysis is generally conducted at the
90-percent level of confidence. That means that there is a 90-
percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a
sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard errors from the
"true" population value because of sampling error. Estimates of
sampling errors are available upon request.
The JOLTS estimates also are affected by nonsampling error.
Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, including the failure
to include a segment of the population, the inability to obtain
data from all units in the sample, the inability or unwillingness
of respondents to provide data on a timely basis, mistakes made by
respondents, errors made in the collection or processing of the
data, and errors from the employment benchmark data used in
estimation.
Other information
Information in this release will be made available to sensory
impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200;
Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.
Table 1. Job openings levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, seasonally adjusted
Levels(3) (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Apr. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. Apr. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr.
2011 2011 2011 2012 2012 2012 2012p 2011 2011 2011 2012 2012 2012 2012p
Total................................. 3,014 3,274 3,540 3,477 3,565 3,741 3,416 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.5
INDUSTRY
Total private(4)........................ 2,688 2,925 3,188 3,119 3,163 3,362 3,080 2.4 2.6 2.8 2.7 2.8 2.9 2.7
Construction........................... 119 83 78 86 73 92 90 2.1 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.3 1.6 1.6
Manufacturing.......................... 223 240 252 261 271 308 246 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.5 2.0
Trade, transportation, and utilities(5) 500 581 574 584 584 598 550 2.0 2.3 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.1
Retail trade.......................... 296 316 323 315 365 368 322 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.4 2.4 2.1
Professional and business services..... 557 561 785 695 710 787 679 3.1 3.1 4.3 3.8 3.8 4.2 3.7
Education and health services(6)........ 536 616 605 630 655 670 653 2.6 3.0 2.9 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.1
Health care and social assistance 478 552 552 576 598 605 601 2.8 3.2 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.4
Leisure and hospitality................ 305 434 441 432 408 431 428 2.2 3.1 3.2 3.1 2.9 3.1 3.1
Arts, entertainment, and recreation... 37 58 44 72 48 57 55 1.9 2.9 2.3 3.6 2.5 2.8 2.8
Accommodation and food services....... 268 376 397 360 360 375 374 2.3 3.2 3.3 3.0 3.0 3.1 3.1
Government(7)......................... 326 349 352 358 402 378 336 1.4 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.8 1.7 1.5
State and local government............. 279 299 301 305 338 310 268 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.4
REGION(8)
Northeast........................... 513 557 595 590 671 688 676 2.0 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.6 2.6 2.6
South............................... 1,068 1,306 1,443 1,442 1,402 1,453 1,381 2.2 2.7 2.9 2.9 2.8 2.9 2.8
Midwest............................. 698 730 763 738 791 853 672 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.4 2.6 2.7 2.2
West................................ 734 682 740 707 702 746 687 2.5 2.3 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.5 2.3
1 Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.
2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus
job openings.
3 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown.
4 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.
5 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.
6 Includes educational services, not shown separately.
7 Includes federal government, not shown separately.
8 The States (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts,
New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of
Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas,
Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio,
South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah,
Washington, and Wyoming.
p = Preliminary
Table 2. Hires levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, seasonally adjusted
Levels(3) (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Apr. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. Apr. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr.
2011 2011 2011 2012 2012 2012 2012p 2011 2011 2011 2012 2012 2012 2012p
Total................................. 4,015 4,268 4,188 4,239 4,444 4,335 4,175 3.1 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.3 3.3 3.1
INDUSTRY
Total private(4)........................ 3,738 3,986 3,889 3,945 4,128 4,041 3,882 3.4 3.6 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.6 3.5
Construction........................... 338 312 315 331 318 286 281 6.2 5.7 5.7 5.9 5.7 5.1 5.1
Manufacturing.......................... 257 237 269 253 260 263 255 2.2 2.0 2.3 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.1
Trade, transportation, and utilities(5) 802 849 812 836 815 827 829 3.2 3.4 3.2 3.3 3.2 3.3 3.3
Retail trade.......................... 563 573 517 557 551 550 551 3.9 3.9 3.5 3.8 3.7 3.7 3.7
Professional and business services..... 832 858 818 831 973 888 854 4.8 4.9 4.6 4.7 5.5 5.0 4.8
Education and health services(6)........ 456 483 494 517 527 523 488 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.4
Health care and social assistance 386 407 414 441 455 442 422 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.6 2.5
Leisure and hospitality................ 675 779 743 757 794 795 733 5.1 5.8 5.5 5.6 5.9 5.8 5.4
Arts, entertainment, and recreation... 116 157 141 139 156 154 128 6.0 8.2 7.4 7.2 8.1 7.9 6.6
Accommodation and food services....... 560 622 602 618 639 640 606 4.9 5.4 5.2 5.3 5.5 5.5 5.2
Government(7)......................... 277 281 299 294 316 294 293 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.3
State and local government............. 251 252 270 275 284 264 261 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.4
REGION(8)
Northeast........................... 698 691 676 710 756 711 674 2.8 2.7 2.7 2.8 3.0 2.8 2.7
South............................... 1,459 1,626 1,634 1,667 1,748 1,677 1,640 3.1 3.4 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.5 3.4
Midwest............................. 968 1,004 986 977 985 1,004 930 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.2 3.3 3.3 3.1
West................................ 889 947 891 884 955 943 931 3.1 3.3 3.1 3.0 3.3 3.2 3.2
1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.
2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
3 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown.
4 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.
5 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.
6 Includes educational services, not shown separately.
7 Includes federal government, not shown separately.
8 See footnote 8, table 1.
p = Preliminary
Table 3. Total separations levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, seasonally adjusted
Levels(3) (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Apr. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. Apr. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr.
2011 2011 2011 2012 2012 2012 2012p 2011 2011 2011 2012 2012 2012 2012p
Total................................. 3,799 4,057 4,023 4,017 4,124 4,167 4,086 2.9 3.1 3.0 3.0 3.1 3.1 3.1
INDUSTRY
Total private(4)........................ 3,496 3,750 3,695 3,729 3,823 3,869 3,785 3.2 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.5 3.5 3.4
Construction........................... 358 300 303 308 317 281 293 6.5 5.4 5.5 5.5 5.7 5.1 5.3
Manufacturing.......................... 233 236 239 217 235 234 232 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.8 2.0 2.0 1.9
Trade, transportation, and utilities(5) 714 770 773 837 780 832 829 2.9 3.1 3.1 3.3 3.1 3.3 3.3
Retail trade.......................... 509 520 509 579 543 566 558 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.9 3.7 3.8 3.8
Professional and business services..... 803 807 792 745 850 835 798 4.7 4.6 4.5 4.2 4.8 4.7 4.5
Education and health services(6)........ 408 462 468 501 458 473 470 2.1 2.3 2.3 2.5 2.3 2.3 2.3
Health care and social assistance 352 396 402 412 396 414 408 2.1 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.3 2.4 2.4
Leisure and hospitality................ 623 715 695 700 747 753 710 4.7 5.3 5.2 5.2 5.5 5.5 5.2
Arts, entertainment, and recreation... 114 142 133 125 153 128 134 5.9 7.4 7.0 6.5 7.9 6.6 6.9
Accommodation and food services....... 509 573 562 575 594 625 576 4.5 5.0 4.9 5.0 5.1 5.4 4.9
Government(7)......................... 304 307 328 288 301 299 301 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4
State and local government............. 272 268 292 262 269 267 268 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4
REGION(8)
Northeast........................... 710 667 631 692 703 624 658 2.8 2.7 2.5 2.7 2.8 2.5 2.6
South............................... 1,339 1,609 1,592 1,598 1,571 1,678 1,559 2.8 3.4 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.5 3.2
Midwest............................. 960 881 905 866 970 943 963 3.2 2.9 3.0 2.9 3.2 3.1 3.2
West................................ 791 899 895 862 880 923 906 2.8 3.1 3.1 3.0 3.0 3.2 3.1
1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.
2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
3 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown.
4 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.
5 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.
6 Includes educational services, not shown separately.
7 Includes federal government, not shown separately.
8 See footnote 8, table 1.
p = Preliminary
Table 4. Quits levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, seasonally adjusted
Levels(3) (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Apr. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. Apr. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr.
2011 2011 2011 2012 2012 2012 2012p 2011 2011 2011 2012 2012 2012 2012p
Total................................. 1,874 1,976 2,008 2,002 2,072 2,159 2,070 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.6
INDUSTRY
Total private(4)........................ 1,769 1,860 1,867 1,876 1,947 2,025 1,926 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.7
Construction........................... 98 91 76 70 75 74 69 1.8 1.7 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.2
Manufacturing.......................... 107 121 113 97 102 112 114 .9 1.0 1.0 .8 .9 .9 1.0
Trade, transportation, and utilities(5) 411 413 447 449 461 472 471 1.6 1.6 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.9
Retail trade.......................... 314 294 331 342 345 343 340 2.1 2.0 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3
Professional and business services..... 360 380 363 352 371 380 350 2.1 2.2 2.1 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.0
Education and health services(6)........ 236 247 265 282 287 284 267 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.3
Health care and social assistance 205 225 233 251 256 253 239 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.4
Leisure and hospitality................ 389 370 388 398 425 471 434 2.9 2.8 2.9 2.9 3.1 3.5 3.2
Arts, entertainment, and recreation... 41 36 48 43 58 47 45 2.2 1.9 2.5 2.2 3.0 2.4 2.3
Accommodation and food services....... 347 335 340 355 368 425 389 3.1 2.9 2.9 3.1 3.2 3.6 3.3
Government(7)......................... 105 116 141 125 125 134 144 .5 .5 .6 .6 .6 .6 .7
State and local government............. 96 106 131 116 113 122 133 .5 .6 .7 .6 .6 .6 .7
REGION(8)
Northeast........................... 271 275 279 343 314 278 305 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.4 1.2 1.1 1.2
South............................... 740 830 816 827 825 908 835 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.9 1.7
Midwest............................. 463 443 469 412 493 508 487 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.4 1.6 1.7 1.6
West................................ 400 428 445 419 440 465 443 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.5
1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.
2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
3 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown.
4 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.
5 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.
6 Includes educational services, not shown separately.
7 Includes federal government, not shown separately.
8 See footnote 8, table 1.
p = Preliminary
Table 5. Job openings levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Apr. Mar. Apr. Apr. Mar. Apr.
2011 2012 2012p 2011 2012 2012p
Total........................................... 3,273 3,722 3,665 2.4 2.7 2.7
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 2,945 3,341 3,332 2.6 3.0 2.9
Mining and Logging............................ 27 15 14 3.5 1.8 1.7
Construction.................................. 154 90 123 2.8 1.7 2.2
Manufacturing................................. 230 302 252 1.9 2.5 2.1
Durable goods................................ 159 192 161 2.2 2.5 2.1
Nondurable goods............................. 71 110 91 1.6 2.4 2.0
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 527 593 566 2.1 2.3 2.2
Wholesale trade.............................. 98 114 122 1.8 2.0 2.1
Retail trade................................. 309 353 330 2.1 2.4 2.2
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 120 126 114 2.4 2.5 2.3
Information................................... 109 99 106 3.9 3.6 3.9
Financial activities.......................... 237 225 223 3.0 2.8 2.8
Finance and insurance........................ 174 178 182 2.9 3.0 3.1
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 62 47 41 3.2 2.4 2.1
Professional and business services............ 597 759 696 3.3 4.1 3.8
Education and health services................. 568 665 693 2.8 3.2 3.3
Educational services......................... 66 63 58 1.9 1.8 1.6
Health care and social assistance............ 503 603 635 2.9 3.4 3.6
Leisure and hospitality....................... 374 455 524 2.7 3.3 3.7
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 46 58 68 2.4 3.1 3.5
Accommodation and food services............. 327 397 457 2.8 3.4 3.8
Other services................................ 121 136 135 2.2 2.5 2.5
Government..................................... 328 381 333 1.4 1.7 1.5
Federal....................................... 48 82 70 1.6 2.8 2.4
State and local............................... 280 298 263 1.4 1.5 1.3
REGION (3)
Northeast..................................... 564 672 709 2.2 2.6 2.7
South......................................... 1,132 1,437 1,472 2.3 2.9 3.0
Midwest....................................... 794 882 760 2.6 2.9 2.5
West.......................................... 783 731 724 2.6 2.5 2.4
1 Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.
2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a
percent of total employment plus job openings.
3 See footnote 8, table 1.
p = Preliminary
Table 6. Hires levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Apr. Mar. Apr. Apr. Mar. Apr.
2011 2012 2012p 2011 2012 2012p
Total........................................... 4,334 4,127 4,447 3.3 3.1 3.3
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 4,140 3,921 4,244 3.8 3.6 3.8
Mining and Logging............................ 36 31 34 4.8 3.8 4.1
Construction.................................. 462 305 375 8.6 5.8 6.9
Manufacturing................................. 271 263 266 2.3 2.2 2.2
Durable goods................................ 153 160 163 2.1 2.2 2.2
Nondurable goods............................. 118 104 103 2.7 2.3 2.3
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 849 815 881 3.4 3.3 3.5
Wholesale trade.............................. 128 135 141 2.3 2.4 2.5
Retail trade................................. 595 546 585 4.1 3.8 4.0
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 125 133 155 2.6 2.7 3.2
Information................................... 66 52 59 2.5 2.0 2.3
Financial activities.......................... 126 155 178 1.6 2.0 2.3
Finance and insurance........................ 75 97 114 1.3 1.7 2.0
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 51 58 64 2.7 3.0 3.3
Professional and business services............ 932 848 947 5.4 4.8 5.3
Education and health services................. 429 449 452 2.1 2.2 2.2
Educational services......................... 51 50 43 1.5 1.5 1.2
Health care and social assistance............ 378 399 409 2.3 2.4 2.4
Leisure and hospitality....................... 793 830 847 6.0 6.3 6.3
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 151 157 163 8.1 8.7 8.7
Accommodation and food services............. 642 673 683 5.7 5.9 5.9
Other services................................ 176 173 205 3.3 3.2 3.8
Government..................................... 194 206 203 .9 .9 .9
Federal....................................... 22 28 28 .8 1.0 1.0
State and local............................... 172 178 175 .9 .9 .9
REGION (3)
Northeast..................................... 745 645 708 3.0 2.6 2.8
South......................................... 1,586 1,630 1,751 3.3 3.4 3.6
Midwest....................................... 1,090 979 1,033 3.7 3.3 3.4
West.......................................... 912 874 956 3.2 3.0 3.3
1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.
2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
3 See footnote 8, table 1.
p = Preliminary
Table 7. Total separations levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Apr. Mar. Apr. Apr. Mar. Apr.
2011 2012 2012p 2011 2012 2012p
Total........................................... 3,693 3,530 3,966 2.8 2.7 3.0
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 3,491 3,338 3,760 3.2 3.0 3.4
Mining and Logging............................ 20 31 30 2.6 3.8 3.7
Construction.................................. 349 236 279 6.5 4.5 5.2
Manufacturing................................. 237 216 239 2.0 1.8 2.0
Durable goods................................ 123 129 133 1.7 1.7 1.8
Nondurable goods............................. 114 88 106 2.6 2.0 2.4
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 664 725 779 2.7 2.9 3.1
Wholesale trade.............................. 91 118 105 1.6 2.1 1.9
Retail trade................................. 469 482 517 3.2 3.3 3.5
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 105 125 157 2.2 2.6 3.2
Information................................... 62 66 58 2.3 2.5 2.2
Financial activities.......................... 128 143 185 1.7 1.9 2.4
Finance and insurance........................ 88 97 126 1.5 1.7 2.2
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 40 47 60 2.1 2.4 3.1
Professional and business services............ 875 775 866 5.1 4.4 4.9
Education and health services................. 386 410 439 1.9 2.0 2.2
Educational services......................... 48 38 47 1.4 1.1 1.4
Health care and social assistance............ 338 372 392 2.0 2.2 2.3
Leisure and hospitality....................... 605 593 683 4.6 4.5 5.1
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 107 91 130 5.7 5.1 6.9
Accommodation and food services............. 498 501 553 4.4 4.4 4.7
Other services................................ 164 143 201 3.1 2.7 3.8
Government..................................... 203 192 206 .9 .9 .9
Federal....................................... 27 24 28 .9 .9 1.0
State and local............................... 175 168 178 .9 .9 .9
REGION (3)
Northeast..................................... 654 496 599 2.6 2.0 2.4
South......................................... 1,392 1,474 1,592 2.9 3.1 3.3
Midwest....................................... 863 772 882 2.9 2.6 2.9
West.......................................... 785 788 894 2.7 2.7 3.1
1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.
2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of
total employment.
3 See footnote 8, table 1.
p = Preliminary
Table 8. Quits levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Apr. Mar. Apr. Apr. Mar. Apr.
2011 2012 2012p 2011 2012 2012p
Total........................................... 1,901 1,932 2,085 1.4 1.5 1.6
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 1,819 1,834 1,979 1.7 1.7 1.8
Mining and Logging............................ 9 15 18 1.1 1.9 2.2
Construction.................................. 99 68 67 1.9 1.3 1.2
Manufacturing................................. 109 105 120 .9 .9 1.0
Durable goods................................ 57 62 64 .8 .8 .9
Nondurable goods............................. 52 43 56 1.2 1.0 1.3
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 412 431 481 1.7 1.7 1.9
Wholesale trade.............................. 47 55 53 .9 1.0 .9
Retail trade................................. 310 301 338 2.1 2.1 2.3
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 55 74 90 1.2 1.5 1.8
Information................................... 37 34 33 1.4 1.3 1.3
Financial activities.......................... 76 85 107 1.0 1.1 1.4
Finance and insurance........................ 56 66 68 1.0 1.1 1.2
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 20 20 39 1.0 1.0 2.0
Professional and business services............ 372 368 354 2.2 2.1 2.0
Education and health services................. 235 260 262 1.2 1.3 1.3
Educational services......................... 27 22 25 .8 .6 .7
Health care and social assistance............ 207 238 237 1.3 1.4 1.4
Leisure and hospitality....................... 396 394 446 3.0 3.0 3.3
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 40 32 43 2.1 1.8 2.3
Accommodation and food services............. 356 361 403 3.1 3.2 3.5
Other services................................ 75 74 92 1.4 1.4 1.7
Government..................................... 82 98 107 .4 .4 .5
Federal....................................... 8 10 10 .3 .4 .3
State and local............................... 74 87 97 .4 .4 .5
REGION (3)
Northeast..................................... 272 249 307 1.1 1.0 1.2
South......................................... 787 818 878 1.7 1.7 1.8
Midwest....................................... 437 447 460 1.5 1.5 1.5
West.......................................... 405 418 441 1.4 1.4 1.5
1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.
2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
3 See footnote 8, table 1.
p = Preliminary
Table 9. Layoffs and discharges levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Apr. Mar. Apr. Apr. Mar. Apr.
2011 2012 2012p 2011 2012 2012p
Total........................................... 1,486 1,290 1,594 1.1 1.0 1.2
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 1,413 1,241 1,541 1.3 1.1 1.4
Mining and Logging............................ 10 13 11 1.3 1.5 1.3
Construction.................................. 233 159 200 4.4 3.0 3.7
Manufacturing................................. 107 88 93 .9 .7 .8
Durable goods................................ 53 51 53 .7 .7 .7
Nondurable goods............................. 54 38 40 1.2 .8 .9
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 192 227 222 .8 .9 .9
Wholesale trade.............................. 31 54 44 .6 1.0 .8
Retail trade................................. 128 138 133 .9 1.0 .9
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 32 35 44 .7 .7 .9
Information................................... 16 22 19 .6 .9 .7
Financial activities.......................... 32 44 51 .4 .6 .7
Finance and insurance........................ 13 20 34 .2 .3 .6
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 19 24 17 1.0 1.2 .9
Professional and business services............ 455 343 476 2.6 1.9 2.7
Education and health services................. 107 116 153 .5 .6 .8
Educational services......................... 15 11 19 .4 .3 .5
Health care and social assistance............ 92 105 135 .6 .6 .8
Leisure and hospitality....................... 178 183 212 1.3 1.4 1.6
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 66 57 84 3.5 3.2 4.5
Accommodation and food services............. 112 125 128 1.0 1.1 1.1
Other services................................ 85 47 104 1.6 .9 1.9
Government..................................... 73 49 53 .3 .2 .2
Federal....................................... 9 6 7 .3 .2 .3
State and local............................... 64 43 45 .3 .2 .2
REGION (3)
Northeast..................................... 325 185 243 1.3 .7 1.0
South......................................... 486 558 609 1.0 1.2 1.3
Midwest....................................... 364 269 359 1.2 .9 1.2
West.......................................... 311 277 383 1.1 1.0 1.3
1 Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.
2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a
percent of total employment.
3 See footnote 8, table 1.
p = Preliminary
Table 10. Other separations levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Apr. Mar. Apr. Apr. Mar. Apr.
2011 2012 2012p 2011 2012 2012p
Total........................................... 307 308 287 0.2 0.2 0.2
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 259 263 240 .2 .2 .2
Mining and Logging............................ 2 3 2 .2 .4 .2
Construction.................................. 16 9 12 .3 .2 .2
Manufacturing................................. 22 23 26 .2 .2 .2
Durable goods................................ 13 16 16 .2 .2 .2
Nondurable goods............................. 9 7 10 .2 .2 .2
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 60 68 77 .2 .3 .3
Wholesale trade.............................. 13 9 8 .2 .2 .1
Retail trade................................. 30 42 45 .2 .3 .3
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 18 16 23 .4 .3 .5
Information................................... 9 10 6 .3 .4 .2
Financial activities.......................... 20 14 28 .3 .2 .4
Finance and insurance........................ 18 11 24 .3 .2 .4
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 2 4 4 .1 .2 .2
Professional and business services............ 49 64 37 .3 .4 .2
Education and health services................. 45 34 24 .2 .2 .1
Educational services......................... 5 5 4 .2 .1 .1
Health care and social assistance............ 40 29 20 .2 .2 .1
Leisure and hospitality....................... 31 16 25 .2 .1 .2
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 2 1 3 .1 .1 .1
Accommodation and food services............. 29 15 22 .3 .1 .2
Other services................................ 5 23 5 .1 .4 .1
Government..................................... 48 45 47 .2 .2 .2
Federal....................................... 10 8 11 .3 .3 .4
State and local............................... 38 38 35 .2 .2 .2
REGION (3)
Northeast..................................... 57 62 49 .2 .2 .2
South......................................... 119 98 105 .3 .2 .2
Midwest....................................... 62 55 63 .2 .2 .2
West.......................................... 69 93 71 .2 .3 .2
1 Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.
2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of
total employment.
3 See footnote 8, table 1.
p = Preliminary
United States Department of Labor
